The Missionary Review of the World — July 1934

JULY.AUGUST,1934

The Response of Youth Ezra P. Young A New Day in Giving Robert E. Speer A Challenge from the Near East w. Harold Storm New Lives for Old in Chinatown Donaldina Cameron What Christ Has Brought to China T. z. Koo When Home Mission Income Drops A Symposium

the Service Dates to Remember Church in East Africa since 1907

calls you East of Suez … sail July 5-Aug. 12-Winona School of been elected an honorary life member Theology, Winona Lake, Ind. of the American Bible Society, in July 20-25-World's Woman's Chris- recognition of comwicuous service in tian Temperance Union Convention, Stockholm. the revision of the translation of the New Testament into Tswa, spoken in July 30-Sept. 8-Summer Seminar on Education and Culture Contacts. Portuguese East Africa and in the Dept. of Education, Yale Univer- sity, New Haven, Conn. Transvaal. *** August 3-10 – United Presbyterian Dr. Francis Shunk Downs, pastor Missionary Conference. New Wil- of the First Presbyterian Church, mington, Penn. Write to W. D. Mc- Berkeley, California, has accepted the Clure, 707 Publication Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. invitation of the Chosen Mission to August 4-10-Baptist World Congress. participate in the Golden Jubilee of Berlin. the beginning of Presbyterian mis- August 5-12-Foreign Mission Week sionary work in Korea, to be held in of Southern Baptist Convention, Seoul, the first week of July. Dr. Ridgecrest, N. C. Downs will visit various mission sta- August 10-l7-Conference on Wor- tions in Korea, China and Japan, and ship. Silver Bay, Lake George, N. Y. will fill different preaching and con- ference appointments, meeting with August 21-24–Tenth National Con- groups of missionaries and national vention, Evangelical Brotherhood, church leaders in each one of the three Evangelical Synod of N. A. Mil- THE ROUTE PREFERRED waukee, Wis. countries.

SINCE 18401 August 21-26-General Conference, *** Seventh Day Baptist Churches. Cross Cunard to England. Salem, W. Va. The Rev. Z'enan M. Corbe, D.D., and embark at London in a great was recently elected Executive Secreship of this Line that tradition- September 4-9 – National Baptist tary of the Board of American Misally and for nearly a century has Convention. Oklahoma City, Okla. sions of the United Lutheran Church carried the vanguard of the Church eastward to all the lands September 12-21- United Church of in America, to fill the office made vabeyond Suez. P & 0 Liners, of Canada, General Conference, Kingstransatlantic size and comfort, ton, Ont., Canada. cant by the death of the Rev. Dr. F. stand for the Progress of the West F. Fry. When he was executive secin scores of tropic ports and teem- September 29-Fifth Young Women's ing harbours of the Indian Ocean Congress for United Lutheran retary of the West Indies Board he and the Pacific. Natives measure Church. Dayton, Ohio. established a congregation of West time by their swift and sure arrival. Low rates and new, fast, September 30-0ctober 3-Ninth Bi- Indian Negroes in the Harlem section luxurious ships make the voyage ennial Convention of The Women's an exceptional value. Missionary Society of the United of New York City and more than 650 Lutheran Church. Dayton, Ohio. members are now enrolled in this October 4-13 – General Conference church. *** Evangelical Church. Akron, O. Dr. O. R. Avison, having reached October 17-United Lutheran Church the age limit for missionary service, in America. Savannah, Ga. has resigned both as president of the Personal Items Severance Medical College and of the Dr. W. A. Visser 'T Hooft, a young Hollander, succeeds Dr. John R. Mott Chosen Christian College. As his suc- as head of the World's Student Chris- cessor to the office of president of the tian Federation. Medical College, Dr. K. S. Oh, Vice- *** President, has been elected, and Dr.

Rev. and Mrs. Charles E. Hurlburt D. B. Avison succeeds him as vice- have recently celebrated their golden wedding. Mr. Hurlburt, as Director president. of the African Inland Mission soon after the death of its founder, Peter *** Cameron Scott, was instrumental in establishing the work in Kenya Col- Dr. H. H. Underwood, has been ony, guiding its extension into Tang- anyika Territory in 1909, pioneering elected president of Chosen Christian further advance into the Belgian Con- College and Mr. Yu Uck Kyum suc- go in 1912, and in the development of the work in French Equatorial Africa ceeds him to the vice-presidency. Dr. and the West Nile District of Uganda. Underwood is now on furlough but *** expects to return to Seoul in Septem- The Rev. J. F. Persson, a mission- ber. ary of the Methodist Episcopal (Concluded on third cover.) Regular sailings from London, AGENTS W~TED Gibraltar and Marseilles to India, Ceylon, Burma, Straits Settle- THE MISSIONARY REVIEW can ments, China, Japan, Australia, be sold in quantities to every Mis- New Zealand, Egypt, Sudan, Persian Gulf, East and South sionary Society. It furnishes infor- Africa, etc. mation in brief. interesting form for leaders and discussion groups. Why Complete information from not act as our Agent in your church Your Local Agent or or community? You can advance the cause of Foreign Missions, and at the t;UNARD~LINE same time earn a liberal commission.

GENERAL AGENTS Address-Circulation Manager, 25 Broadway New York The Missionary Review ofthe World, Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa.

MISSIONARY •

REVIEW OF THE WORLD with SPEED DELAVAN L. PmRBoN, Editor COMFORT ECONOMY VOL. LVII Nos. 7-8 Summon Empress ofJapan . .. queen of the Pacific JULy-AUGUST, 1934 CALVERT GO DIRECT … reach Yokohama in 10 days on the fast sister-ships, Publication and Business Omce SCHOOL Empress ofRussia and Empress ofAsia Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. ..• the Pacific's shortest, fastest to You r Children crossing. Editorial and Executive Omce OR VIA HONOLULU … the Empress of 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City The small children of scores of American Japan (fastest liner on the Pacific) Entered as second-class matter at parents in China, Japan, Africa, India and and Empress ofCanada reach Hono- Post Omce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act many other countries are receiving their en- lulu in 5 days, Yokohama in just 8 of March 3, 1879. tire elementary education from Calvert days more. 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. School in Baltimore. REDUCED ROUND -TRIP FARES __ • Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Orient fares include passage from Published monthly, except August. Thorough instruction Is given from first Seattle. Luxurious First, excellent All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. grade to high school by means of daily les- Tourist, low-priced Third Class. sons In all fundamental subjects. Also, an FREQUENT SAILINGS. _. from Van- MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- abundantly rich background is provided by couver (trains to ship-side) and the addition of subjects not taught in the Victoria. Orient ports-of-call: LISHING CO., INC. average school. Fascinating lessons in his- Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, BOARD OF DIRECTORS tory of art, nature study, astronomy, geology Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila. RoBERT E. SPEER, President and physics enliven the course. Booklets, information •.. from your WM. I. OHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President own travel agent or any Canadian WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer Later when Calvert pupils take their Pacific office in N ew York, Boston, DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary places with other Children, they usually take Chicago, St. Louis, San Francisco, SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT advanced standing. Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Winnipeg, and many other cities WM. B. LIPPHARD The school furnishes a year's lessons at in United States and Canada. ERIC M. NORTH once for only $40, including all books and MILTON T. STAUFFER complete equipment consisting of pencils, pa- A. L. W ARNBHUIB per, attractive maps, charts and the most SAMUEL M. ZWEMER modern of educational devices. If extra as- sistance is desired by parents the school Editorial Chat gives a monthly criticism service at a most reasonable cost. Heads of missionary boards Already there has been a large de- have commendad on the very moderate cost mand for our special "Orientals in of Calvert instruction. America" number. Send your order for extra copies now before the supply In many places groups have been organis exhausted. Other valuable articles ized and are successfully taught by mothers on Orientals appear in this number with no teaching experience. All the courses, and more will follow. including 'a splendid Kindergarten course (,$10.50), are suitable for either individual *** or group instruction. Special rates are of- fered for groups. The present issue of THE REVIEW is a double number–July-August, as Virgil M. Hillyer, originator of Calvert announced. There will be no sep- home instruction school courses wrote "A arate August issue but the special Child's History of the World" and "A Child's October number will be extra size, Geography," successful books filled with the with some unusually valuable articles life and interest that brighten all Calvert on Japan. Send in your orders early. home lessons. Mail coupon today. It will be published September 25th. (See back cover for partial list of CALVERT SCHOOL articles.) 187 E. Tuscany Road, Balti- more, Md. *** Please send me full informa- Here are a few of the comments of tion, including sample lessons. readers showing why they find it worth while to read and recommend Name ……..••……..•••.• THE REVIEW-will you help us to extend the usefulness of the magazine? Address ……••..•.••.•••.•• *** Child's Age •••••….•••.••••• "The June issue is an extremely in- "It would be impossible for me to teresting number and ought to do tell you what a help and inspiration much good." and blessing I find in THE REVIEW. I am president of our Missionary So- CHAS. D. HURREY, General Secre- ciety, and director of Missionary In- tary, Comwittee on Friendly struction in the Church School, and Relations Among Foreign Stu- feel that I could not satisfactorily fill dents, New York. either place, without your wonderful help." *** MRS. W. F. GARVIN, Tulsa, Okla. "THE REVIEW gets better all the time-the June issue is splendid." *** AMELIA D. KEMP, Women's Mis- "I wish to express appreciation for sionary Society, United Lu- the splendid department that Mrs. theran Church, Phila., Pa. Aitchison is editing in THE REVIEW. I wish that many more women were subscribing for this magazine."

MISS LILLIAN C. GRAEFF, Wom.- an's Missionary Society of the Evangelical Church.

[321 ]

YEElN JEONG-SAVED TO SERVE Donaldlna ClUIleron, Lo Mo, nemesis of Chinese slave

discusses with Immigration Inspector, J. R. McGra.th, the fate of little Chole Lee, just a.rrlved from China.. Carol Green Wilson , an Interested spectator, Is the author of " Chinatown Quest," the story of Miss Cameron's long fight against the traffic fn Chinese slav.e girls.

GROUP OF WOMEIN AND GIRLS AT CHINESE MISSION HOME, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA WORKING WITH GIRLS IN CHINATOWN (See page 327)

NARY

REVIB ORLD AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS VOLUME LVII JULY-AUGUST, 1934 NUMBERS SEVEN-EIGHT Topics of the Times AFTER COLLEGE-WHAT? Freshmen Seniors Percent Per cent It is reported that some one hundred and seventy thousand young men and young women were Attend church regularly ……….. 70 27 graduated in June from American colleges, uni- Belief in pacifism …………….. 11 58 versities and technical schools. What will they do Think all Christians must be church 35 members ……………………. 83 with the training they have received? How well While these answers may not be typical of all have the teachers, their courses of study and the colleges and universities, they show the general scholastic influences prepared them to take their trend of modern education. Is it strange that places in the world so as to render effective serv- only a small proportion of graduates seem to put i<;e for God and man? A college or university is God first and are ready to offer their lives for to be judged by its output-by the ideals, the sacrificial Christian service? Much of college life purpose, the preparedness and ability of the grad- is taken up with sports, with humanistic philosuates to meet life's problems and to make the ophy and materialistic views of the universe. most of their opportunities. While many students have ideals of service for humanity, a large proportion seem to have as Among the factors that greatly influence the their chief ambition money getting. Comparativeoutput are the home, the church, and the personal ly few have learned to look for God's plan in their character of the individual student. In the same lives or listen to hear His call to Christlike living soil and rain and sunshine grow both weeds and and service either at home or abroad. A very roses. The most important factors are the seed large proportion of the students for the ministry sown and the care in cultivation. and the missionary volunteers come from the smaller denominational colleges. A professor in a state college recently sent us the results of a questionnaire answered by the But there are many of these Christian colleges same group of students at the close of each of the and there are thousands of students who learn in four years of their course. This questionnaire re- them to see God at work in the universe and to veals some things about the influence of that col- seek His plan for their lives. Christian parents lege on the minds and characters of the students. will do well to enroll their sons and daughters in The following are some of the revelations shown the school of Christ which will prepare them for by the contrast at the end of the first and the His service. fourth years of their course.

Freshmen Seniors Percent Per cent THE NEW LIFE MOVEMENT IN CHINA Belief in a personal God ……….. 84 60 Belief in evolution …………….. 15 72 The Chinese acknowledge that present-day Belief in Bible inspiration ……… 75 35 China shows many signs of weakness and decay. Belief in Bible miracles ………… 88 46 Belief in answers to prayer …….. 85 65 Theoretically the principles and ideals set forth Use tobacco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 80 by the late Dr. Sun Yat Sen offer a program Approve of women smoking ……… 17 54 promising to promote progress-if these princi- Disapprove of gambling ………… 62 26 Consider "petting" an evil ………. 73 70 ples can be carried out successfully. The chief Consider dancing harmful ………. 50 8 difficulty is that this program does not take suf- Against Sunday movies, etc. …….. 60 77 ficiently into account foreign influences-like J a- [323 ]

pan-that hinder its fulfilment, or the moral weak- Dr. Chu goes on to say that this Movement nesses of human nature as seen in Chinese leaders should begin with the daily life of the individual themselves-the selfishness, dishonesty and ambi- and culminate in the harmonious development of tion that lead to corruption in politics and busi- all his faculties, it should also, starting with the ness. Some Chinese statesmen have expressed the individual, eventually permeate the whole nation. conviction that China's greatest needs are the "If we cannot do things, we cannot acquire real moral strength and high standards found in knowledge. If we cannot regulate our own life, Christ alone. we cannot regulate our country. If we cannot regulate our daily life, we cannot regulate our Recently Gen. Chiang Kai-shek, the most prom- whole personality." The New Life Movement aims inent military and political leader in China—':and at the orderly development of the life of the naa professing Christian-has launched what is tion through spiritual influences and through called "The New Life Movement." This has readiness to make sacrifices. found many advocates and adherents among the Chinese who see in it a new ray of hope for Many movements have been started in China rejuvenation and moral progress. It is not with various objectives-the class-war movement, avowedly Christian, but advocates Christian ideals the proletarian literary movement, and others that of life. Dr. Chu Chia-Hua, Minister of Communi- are nothing more than depreciated theories cations, says in The People's Tribune: smuggled in from foreign countries. They do not improve the daily life of the individual, but make Our country is in a perilous condition. The economic victims of innocent youths. The New Life Movesituation in the rural districts has grown worse until the ment aims at the salvation of the individual and population is confronted with the spectre of bankruptcy. of the nation. Political inability and social unrest have sapped and lowered the vitality of the nation. Communists have Dr. Chu continues: played havoc with life and property as well as our cultural and spiritual inheritance in the regions which they infest. The problem of education is closely related to the pres- At the same time, the great forces moving the present-day ent Movement. Politeness and courtesy are gone, 'order world have caused us to lose our balance. What is worse, and discipline have disappeared, and the sense of responmany of our countrymen are trying to destroy the founda- sibility is a virtue conspicuous for its rarity. Flourishing tion upon which we had built the superstructure of our like noxious plants are corruption, confusion, and the sen~e civilization. of futility and world weariness.

The New Life Movement, therefore, answers the urgent During the National Education Conference of 1928 the demand of the whole nation. We are naturally most anx- Chung Shan University, together with the Departments ious to find a way out of the difficulties which beset our of Education of Kwangtung and Kwangsi Provinces, path. It is our duty to arouse our fellow-countrymen to brought up a proposal to base national education upon work together in starting a new life, at the same time the Three Peoples' Principles, so as to effect the renaisbringing about the renaissance of the Chinese nation. sance of the Chinese nation. With this end in view, for the last two or three years, the Ministry of Education has This Movement is based upon the spirit of the Chinese endeavored to reform public education in China. General people as revealed in its history, and its aim is to enrich Chiang's purpose in starting the New Life Movement is and deepen that spirit. Unfortunately, since the Sung to remould the whole social fabric so as to develop the Dynasty, the splendor of Chinese civilization has been Chinese people. dimmed, and the Chinese today have lost confidence in the historical mission of their race. It is true that with the Any other reform movement that is to be perintroduction of Western civilization many reform move- manent must include the education of the youth. ments have been started, but they have been launched But reform and education are not sufficient. New either with a veneer of slavish imitation of Western civili- life calls for a spiritual "new birth," and that zation, or with entire disregard of the historical back- comes only through the Spirit of God working in ground of China. human hearts.

Our late leader, Sun Yat Sen has shown that if we The elements of truth and strength in this "New want to renew the strength of our nation, we must revital- Life Movement" are not rooted in Chinese history ize the old moral values, which are wisdom, loving kind- and ethics, however good these may be. Many ness, and courage and which, stated in other terms, are would-be leaders in Germany are defying Teuloyalty, filial devotion, kindness, love, faithfulness, justice, tonic history and tradition and advocate discardpeace, and harmony. These constitute the essence of the ing all that is foreign-including the Biblespirit of the Chinese people as revealed in history which whether true or false. China, Japan, India, Geris ages old. The purpose of our late leader was to enrich many, Italy, Turkey, cannot reach their goal by and deepen that spirit through moral influence, and to making a god of nationalism. Truth must be acreplace the principle of might with the principle of right- cepted because it is true, and life is begotten of eousness. General Chiang Kai-shek in selecting propriety, life. Since there is one true God, He alone can give life. How can man-made standards, either justice, integrity and the sense of shame as the basis of ancient or modern, be substituted for the eternal the New Life Movement, is also prescribing the right God and His Way of Life as r~vealed in Christ? remedies for prevailing diseases, for to those who want to cure the ills of China, the spiritual heritage of our race is a perennial source of inspiration. All of us who are in this movement should observe courtesy and decency in our intercourse with other people, should have a sense of justice, a sense of shame, and scrupulously refrain from fraudulent practices.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

The fruits of righteousness come from the roots as of our blessings, and is a concrete expression of true spiritual life. of thanks for daily mercies.

"We are finding that in this the second year THE CENT-A-MEAL PLAN many are adopting the Cent-a-Meal Plan who re- fused to take it a year ago. In other cases, how- "Many a mickle makes a muckle." The widow's ever, the interest is waning. We expect to receive mites have been more effective in the long run in considerably more this year than last, as many the work of the Kingdom of God than the millions churches started on the system towards the close of dives. Some missionary workers are not dis- of the year. We feel, as a United Church, that it couraged when streams of benevolence cease to has been a great blessing to us. Had it not been flow abundantly. They pray to God to touch the for the $100,000 received from this means we hidden springs that never dry up, knowing that would have been under compulsion to curtail our He is able to bring water even from the rock. work again in 1934. The Cent-a-Meal Box made When the large gifts ceased and deficits faced it possible for us to close our books with the very the missionary work of the United Church of small deficit of $32,000 on the budget of $2,615,- Canada, many small gifts were sought, backed by 000."

sacrifice and prayer and the Cent-a-Meal Box Plan *** was adopted for missionary offerings. What has been the result? In reply to our inquiry the Rev. This same plan has been promoted by the Stu- George A. Williams of Toronto, who promoted the dent Volunteer Movement and has been a real plan in the United Church of Canada, writes: blessing. Mr. Jesse R. Wilson, General Secretary, writes: "The Cent-a-Meal Box was originally devised, not to take the place of any system now being "The idea in the Cent-a-Meal Plan of contribuused, but rather as a simple means of making it tions for financial support was adapted to our possible for people in times of depression to sup- needs as an appeal primarily to students and plement their contributions, and more particularly friends whose help students might enlist. Plain, to reach people who do not contribute through the unvarnished, substantial wooden boxes were se- Duplex Envelope, and in many cases are not found cured large enough to hold 150 pennies. On the frequently in church. We discovered that less front of each was pasted a lable which reads: than 50% of our church membership contribute In Gratitude to the Giver of All Good Gifts regularly to missions, and it was to reach this un- productive field of noncontributors that we de- I (or we) dedicate vised the Cent-a-Meal Box. A – CENT – A – MEAL "The plan has been introduced in 1,930 parishes for and 125,000, or one-quarter of all our families in the United Church of Canada, are now using 1. The Current Budget of the S. V. M. them. We did not get started until late in the 2. The Movement's Twelfth Quadrennial Convention. year 1933 and have not a complete report as to the amounts received .from the boxes, but we dis- (December 28, 1935-January 1, 1936) covered that we have through this means raised 3. Christian Missions Abroad. at least $100,000. We have succeeded also in en- All gifts received will be apportioned equally among the causes listed.

listing the support of a great number of new con- On the bottom of the box is another label readtributors and in some cases, after using the box ing: for six months, these new contributors use the regular Duplex Envelope. In one church where A-Cent-A-Meal as a thank-offering to God for the joy 150 boxes were in use, 50 new contributors began a·nd strength and courage of every day. to use the envelope system at the beginning of When the box is filled, open by scraping off this label and cutting along edges of hinged wooden flap. Push in this year. end just to the left of the nail hinge. Remove contents and send by check or money order to THE STUDENT VOLUN- I'There are also many indications of the educational and spiritual value of the ,use of the boxes. TEER MOVEMENT. Thousands of children have learned to say "Grace" at the table, using the words on the box, "As we Seal box again (with extra seal provided inside) for partake of Thy bounties, 0 Lord, we would be further use. mindful of the needs of others." This method has "As the money reaches our office it will be ap- portioned as follows: offered an opportunity to teach Christian steward- "1. One-third to the current expenses of the ship in the homes and has made the missionary movement in support of its missionary, educa- work more real to the members of the family. It tional and recruitment work in the colleges and is a constant reminder of our obHgations as well universities of the United States and Canada.

"2. One-third to the building up of a Twelfth feature with the confident expectation that the attendance would greatly increase when people Quadrennial Convention Fund. This convention realized the value of the meetings. will be held December 28, 1935 through January 1, 1936. This will initiate the commemoration of The total attendance at conferences was 9,052; the Fiftieth Anniversary of the beginning of the at schools and service clubs 6,727; the grand total addressed was 21,852. The cities were much movement-1886-1936. smaller than those approached last year and the conference character of these meetings was in "3. One-third to some Christian missionary distinction from the mass meeting type. In the projects now being carried on by Student Volun- main the attendance comprised those who were teers, the project to be determined by the General already committed to Christian missions and their support. Council of the movement." There are four areas in which further study This plan appealed readily to many of the and planning are needed to make these conferstudent constituency as affording an interesting ences more effective: (1) In the educational technique which will make it possible to register and practicable method of contributing to the results in churches in each community. (2) A work. Some 1,400 boxes have been distributed. new study of ways in which the younger genera- Names and addresses for most of these are on file, tion can be inspired with the missionary passion and their enthusiasm enlisted. (3) More definite and statements about the movement have been plans for reaching members of the church who are sent to them at intervals of some six weeks. interested in the changes that are taking place which condition the effectiveness of missionary Recently a call has been made for funds col- work and which call for modifications in the pro- gram. These forward looking people need to be lected, but with the suggestion that such funds informed of the changing strategy in missions should be sent only when the box is "stuffed like and the support of the whole church enlisted for a Thanksgiving turkey." Some fifty-two have such changes as are inevitable. (4) The inclusion of features in the program of home base promosent in gifts. The general secretary says: tion as will reach the people not interested in missions at present but those potentialities ought "We believe the plan has had some real educa- to be enlisted. Many people should be able to give time to the promotion of additional interests. If tional value. It has deepened interest in the move- the missionary forces are sufficiently awake to the ment in a circle much larger than that represented possibilities in this field they can secure increasby actual participants in the plan. It has created ingly large amounts of time for the development of a program that will enlist them in definite acan expectancy with regard to the Twelfth Quad- tivities for the advancement of Christian missions. Christian missions should become a hobby in the rennial Convention. It has called forth prayer for best sense for many who in the years ahead will missions and has focussed peoples' minds on the have opportunities for devoting themselves to new necessity of giving to Christian causes in even interests which they have never had before. though only in small amounts. The gifts will enable us to bring encouragement and help to Stu- The campaign committee has begun to formudent Volunteers at work under various mission late plans for a continent-wide series of united missionary conferences for next fall and winter. boards throughout the world." , Tentative plans involve a team with Dr. T. Z. Koo as one of the speakers for cities on the Pacific MAKING MISSION CONFERENCES coast during October, for the mid-West in Novem- EFFECTIVE ber, for Canada in December, for New England and the Atlantic states in January and February, A series of foreign mission meetings were held and for the South in March. (April 10 to 25) in Hackensack, New Brunswick, Elizabeth, Plainfield and Bridgeton, New Jersey, There is a very favorable response to the united and Allentown, Bethlehem and Easton, Pennsyl- approach exhibited in these missionary confervania, with as speakers Rev. Frank T. Cartwright, ences. It becomes increasingly apparent that these D.D., Miss Olive E. Jones, Hartman A. Licht- united missionary meetings are of great signifiwardt, M.D., Rev. Cleland B. McAfee, D.D., Rev. cance in the effort to portray the missionary enter- J. Roy Strock, D.D., and Miss Sue E. Weddell. prise in its true proportions.

The messages given were of very high character. The conferences with ministers on the conduct of missions and with mission study leaders and church officers were well attended and developed much interest.

One of the leading pastors at the close of a round table meeting remarked: "I have got more out of this morning's conference than from any similar meeting that I ever attended."

The hope was expressed in a number of centers that thp, conferences could be made an annual

Lives for Old in

By DONALDINA CAMERON, I San Francisco, California }9- Superintendent of the PresByterian Mission Home W HILE in early days Argonauts from the in the little Western China on the Pacific Coast, wide world over were following veins of passed the torch to other women and a group was glittering gold woven by old "Mother organized for service. Lode" through canyon and crest of California's Miss S. M. Cummings, appointed as missionary, lofty Sierras and fair valleys, another smaller was established in a wee three-room Mission group of pioneers, Home that became mostly women, actu- the nucleus for the ated by higher and g rea t e r spiritual nobler mot i v e s building that was to found and followed rise and through a richer v e i n of future years was to pur e r gold than become a power ever rewarded the house,. Its corner- weary labor of those stone was laid on who followed the the rock of faith far-famed Mother and prayer offered Lode. in an obscure Chi- Sixty years ago, nese Mission House t h r e e d e v 0 ted in old San Fran- American worn e n cisco.

met in a little "up- Deep shafts went per chamber" 0 n down year aft e r the edge of old year into the sub- Chi n a to w n, San soil of old China- Francisco. Tho s e town, reI e a sin g were the intensely wealth of precious materialistic early go I d for mintage days of which Bret that has borne the Harte wrote: King's Image and I know thy cunning and Superscription far thy greed, and wide for the re- lief of China's deep Thy hard high lust and Sp.Ul. t ua Ipovt er y. wilful deed, To other peoples And all thy glory loves and countries far to tell and near, the light, Of specious gifts ma- terial.

Mrs. John Gulick, the truth and the a missionary of the way of life have American Board re- AMERICAN AND CHINESE HELPERS IN THE MISSION HOME been made known turning from China bee a use a little to New England, group of women, was one of that early group. When parting from with deep love and high courage in their hearts, her two friends she confidently assured them, discovered, mined and minted our Western Chi- "God will honor your faith." Imbued with hope nese "Mother Lode." Redeemed and revivified and courage Mrs. Ira Condit and Mrs. C. H. Cole, lives are their enduring monument today on both both Eastern women whose missionary zeal sent sides of the world.

them forth to serve Chinese women and children The first small group, augmented by other [327 ]

dauntless spirits, were the vanguard of the great too must be fed. There were little sisters of no empire builders on this far-flung coast. They practical value, though they might be in later surely were envisioned in Isaiah's prophetic as- years; so the eldest girl was offered a ready sac- surance, "I will go before thee and make crooked rifice, but the cost of her own life was greater places straight, I will break in pieces the gates than Ah So dreamed.

of brass and cut in sunder the bars of iron." These God knew that strong unselfish soul and His words were spoken for King Cyrus, but are al- Spirit followed her. The Arm that is never short- ways and forever the heritage of all true servants ened in its saving outreach gathered Ah So from of the King Eternal. bondage of body and spirit, lifting her into liberty, and shedding into her soul a radiant light that has illumined many other lives.

In the deep of tragic surroundings, alone and friendless in a far country, bartered for gold by the one who brought her from her own home in China to America, Ah So poured out her heart to the woman whom she still honors with the sacred title of "mother." This letter, written in Chinese and found by those whom a Father's love sent in quest of lost Chinese girls, is an open window I into the soul of one of the finest ever discovered.

CHINESE MISSION HOME "920'" SACRAMENTO ST., Letter front Ah So to Her Mother Found in Suitcase SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA After Arrest in Fresno February 7, 1924 Those who serve God have infinite resources; To My Honorable Mother, Greetings: so His servants have always received from Him a golden goblet brimming over with Water of I have left you for several months. I hope you are well Life to share with a weary, thirsty world. In and so my heart will be at peace. I received your letter sharing, the marvel and glory of refilling is and heard about the children. I am very glad to receive wrought and refreshment for the great task given. this news.

*** Your daughter has come to America. I have been ill for several months and have not yet recovered. . . . The We invite you to meet the family of Mrs. L. Q. man, Huey Yow, who brought me to California, compelled whose life story proves this truth. What family me to pay him one thousand dollars. I have already done has no hidden skeleton in its attic or ghost that so. haunts its soul in quiet moments? We try to draw a curtain across dark moments in life and Mother, you must be sure to take good care of yourself firmly close doors to keep away shadows, but only and not worry. This illness of your daughter is not very the full light from the face of Jesus Christ, when serious. In a few days probably there will be two or all of life is turned over to Him, can fully dispel three hundred dollars sent you for New Years. these haunting shadows. So it has been with the life of this happy Chinese wife and mother. Your daughter's condition is very tragic, . . . Daugh- ter is not angry with you. It seems to be just my fate. The Story of Ah So In ancient times, the Chinese legends say, there was a man, Man Jung, who wept under a bamboo tree out of Ah So came to the United States ten years ago, filial reverence for his parents. Another man, Wong sent forth by her mother to find in Kum Shan Cheong, was going to Pekin to see the Emperor to ask (Gold Mountain) wealth for her family living in redress for wrongs done his parents, and it was so cold dire poverty in China. This daughter had little he must sleep on ice. These two great heroes left their value in the eyes of that pagan mother. There honorable names behind them as examples of filial piety. were brothers that must, of course, be taken care of. Then there was an old helpless father who After I have earned money by living this life . . . I will return to China and become a Buddhist nun. If, hav- ing earned money for my mother, I am able to expiate my sin also by becoming a nun, I shall be grateful to my mother. By accomplishing these two things I shall have attained all the requirements of complete filial piety.

If people treat me kindly, I shall be kind to them. Even if they treat me unkindly, I shall still be kind to them. Since I have not done evil to others, why should others do evil to me? At home, a daughter should be obedient to her parents; after marriage to her husband; after the death of her husband, to her son. These are the three great obediences.

Be sure not to have any trouble with Ah Ging and Meung Ping. As in the building of a house there are twelve beams and you do not know which is the strongest, so in a family you cannot judge which will be the most dependable one. A son is a human being, and so is a daughter. At home, everybody looks down upon a daugh- ter. How is it now? When I was at home, mother, you looked down upon me as a daughter. Since daughter

NEW LIVES FOR OLD IN CHINATOWN

came to California, by right she should forsake you. But, his father. Paul is growing to be a big boy. He has a in thinking it over, the greatest virtue in life is reverence cold now and does not feel so well. He is running around to parents, so I am keeping a filial heart. My present and is learning to talk. misfortune is due to the sins of a previous incarnation. Now I may be somebody's daughter, but some day I may I am taking care of my brother-in-Iaw's son. He is a be som,ebody's mother. little boy about ten years old. He minds very well and wishes to become a Christian and live a Christian life. Years have passed since that letter was written and discovered. Release of body, mind and spirit Mae (our daughter) will graduate from the University came to Ah So; after long seeking and much in- of Washington this coming June. She wishes to return to ward conflict with fear, depression and distrust, China to do work. She studies bacteriology at the unifaith and love triumphed. God spoke definitely versity. to Ah So through His own Word and a broken life was given over to be rebuilt, a new stone was Lo Mo, when I look at my three children, I always think laid in the "Temple not made with hands, eternal of you and your workers at the Mission Home. If it were in the heavens." not for your help, I would not have what I do. I am again very thankful to you. When these children grow up, I A life renewed and other lives renewed by it is hope they will do God's work and be His disciples. There revealed in the following letter written by Ah So is a lot of His work to be done in this world especially in ten years after her former letter was penned. China where so many are suffering both mentally and This letter came addressed to the foster-mother physically. Mary and Eva will return to this country next of her loved Mission Home family in San Fran- year and finish their work and then return to China. cisco. A TRAGEDY AVERTED-AH SO AND HER FAMILY *** (See page 328) DECEMBER 28, 1933. The girls and I are getting along fine. You need not be My Dear Lo Mo: worried of that. I am again grateful and thankful to God for His help. It has been a long while since I have written you, but there has not been a moment in which I have not thought I hope you will take good care of yourself and please of you and friends at the Mission Home. I hope this give my love to teachers. Christmas has been a joyous one. Lovingly yours, Lo Mo, I am so happy that you have found such a won- AB So. derful place for the fifty dollars. Your suggestions are always for the best and where it will receive the most The latest word comes, as a Sixtieth Annivergood. I am happy to have you carry out your plans. sary greeting to the Home through which her own life and the lives of others have been redeemed. We came back to America last year in May. We felt that a living was much easier to make in this country than Dearest Lo Mo, teachers and friends: China. With these small children, it will take a long while Congratulations on your sixtieth anniversary. Would before they are able to care for themselves. We stayed with friends while our home was being built. I have been like to come and celebrate with you but it is too far, canbusy, very busy since then. Mary and Eva are in Hongkong going to school. We felt it was an opportunity for will not come. I am wiring telegram for memory of the them to receive a Chinese education, something that they could not attain here. They are cared for by their Ki school, Lo Mo, teachers and friends. Hope God bless Neang and Ki Yea, who are both Christians. the school as long as the world lasts.

My sister is also staying with them. They are always MRS. L. Q. thoughtful of you too. They are all living in our home. My sister has become a Christian. She and my adopted Yeen Jeong girl were baptized this Christmas. I adopted this girl from my father-in-law who wished to take her as his sec- "Faith is the substance of thAngs hoped for, the eviond wife. Upon hearing this, I immediately took her to dence of things not seen." my home. She is now going to school with my two girls and sister. She is happy and I have named her Wai Goy. Contrast the childhood of a life without God, This is interpreted as God's love, and I love her. then follow its growth and maturity as it first touches through the faith of another, and then by My mother died before our return to China. Before her its own faith knows and walks with God in ever death she said she could not entrust the two smaller brothers and two sisters to anyone excepting myself. On my return I tried my best to fulfill her wish and care for them. One of the sisters is married and the other one staying with the three girls.

The two smaller brothers are in a Christian home for children. These two boys have not yet been baptized but want to become Christians after they grow older. My married sister is baptized and a Christian woman. I am very grateful and thankful to God that my husband is willing to care for these smaller brothers and sister and help them.

On November 3d this year we had another baby girl. Her name is Ruth. William is well and goes out with his father on the truck every day. He enjoys working with

deepening companionship to the place which it So the seeds dropped many, many years before now holds, giving the Water of Life to other in the heart of her sister began to yield flowers in thirsty souls. Yeen Jeong's life.

Yeen Jeong spent her childhood in northern Now she stands on a new threshold, no longer Siskayou the companion and sole comfort of an the fearful timid child in search of shelter from a older sister who was the unhappy victim of an ruthless fate that seemed to pursue her sister and old-time arranged marriage with a husband who herself; but a confident intelligent girl, knowing in age, habits of life and disposition was utterly the security of Him in whom she had come to beunfit and unworthy of the lovely child wife he had lieve and put her trust, asking guidance for "the purchased. With all the devotion of a tender lov- next step." Desiring to pass on her new-found ing heart Yeen Jeong's sister guarded the little blessings Yeen Jeong asks, "What shall I do next, child turned over to her when their mother re- to prepare for life?" What shall be her special turned to China. line of service? Constantly the cry from Oriental The Western lumber camp where these sisters countries for more medical missionaries stirs our lived offered no incentive for the finer things of hearts, and we hear again Peter's challenge, life, but there had been instilled in the heart of "Silver and gold have we none; but as I have give the elder Chinese girl during two short years I thee; in the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth when as a little child her life touched the life of rise up and walk." a noble American Episcopal Deaconess in old Teaching, journalism, other possibilities were Chinatown, a love and longing for the better things of life which prompted her to learn to read considered but medicine seemed the way that of- fered greatest opportunities for practical service and write, and later lead her to correspond with the Presbyterian Mission Home, groping for help along with spiritual opportunity. Through her and comfort in her own sad life. own steadfast efforts, working in an American home, making intelligent use of her technical Lux When at last the inevitable crisis came and her School training Yeen Jeong managed to finish loved little sister needed protection, Mrs. Wong Junior College. Stanford University accepted her had established friendly relations with those who though only a very limited number of women stu- could do for Yeen Jeong what she alone was un- dents are admitted to Stanford. Yeen Jeong able to do. She secretly sent her sister to the bravely began the impossible task of "working her Mission Home to ask protection and guidance. way" through college, but the heavy pre-medical It was well that she did thus safeguard the one course she had undertaken proved more than even she could carry, and just as the way to her goal she loved for not long after her own life was sud- seemed closed friends rallied to her help. denly transplanted beyond the withering influences of evil and sorrow, but she was spared to Mrs. H. B. Pinney, former president of that know the joy of having placed her dearest earthly noble group of Presbyterian women, "The Occicompanion on the way to that fuller life so much of which she herself had failed to attain in this dental Board of Foreign Missions," still carrying on the spirit of its early organizers, though now world. Yoke Yeen Jeong arrived at the threshold of merged in other Boards of the church, came to the the Presbyterian Mission Home at 920 Sacra- aid of this former protege of the Mission Home, mento Street a bewildered child of fifteen whose and another retired president of the same Mislife had been cramped and thwarted by untoward sion Board, Mrs. Cyrus Wright whose life had circumstances and darkened by the cruel perver- been poured forth from girlhood in the great sity of older people who hindered instead of cause of Missions, took up the task of helping helped an unusually bright and eager mind to un- Yeen Jeong help herself through college. It was fold; but so wonderful is the alchemy of love that a happy reward after two years to see their ward her sister's devotion kept Yeen Jeong's courage lead the long procession of black gowned graduand hope alive until she found sanctuary in the ates through the beautiful "Quad" of Stanford Home where gradually all the deep longings of her University on Commencement Day. Yeen Jeong was now ready for the last step in her long climb disappointed childhood came to fruition. upward. Con~ultation with a few friends and the Grammar school was quickly completed in the sympathetic Dean of Stanford Medical School led Yeen Jeong to decide upon the Women's Medical Home School; then came four practical helpful College of Pennsylvania, where so many medical years of high school work, at Lux Technical School, where valuable lessons in home economics prepared Yeen Jeong to help herself through serv- missionaries and Christian Chinese doctors have ice in domestic work, thus she managed to win received their training.

through' high school, gaining the love and con- First there came one quiet year of Bible study fidence of many friends, and finishing as presi- in Philadelphia. Then with the continued help of dent of her class. Mrs. C. S. Wright, and the Presbyterian Scholar-

UTE INDIANS PETITION FOR A CHURCH

ship Aid Fund, also some help from Mrs. Milton Could we have a happier, more satisfying seal Stewart of Pasadena and other friends Yeen placed on years of service for God and the world Jeong completed her medical course. than that of a life given freely, thoroughly trained, and with loyalty to God and His Great Longing to return to her own Chinese associates Commission, placed at His service largely through in the West, application was made for an intern- the generous help of the former president of the ship at the Los Angeles Hospital. No Oriental Occidental Board? The prayers of all friends of internes had been accepted at this hospital for missions are earnestly asked for this young Chiseven years; but Yeen Jeong's excellent creden- nese doctor, Yeen Jeong. tials and the solicitation of many friends won her a place which she has acceptably filled for the past To a friend she herself quoted Tagore's lines year. A position was offered our young doctor acknowledging the source from which her blessimmediately at the close of her hospital course ings have flowed: which she is now filling. Thou hast made me known to friends whom I knew not, At the Sixtieth Anniversary Celebration of her Thou hast given me seats in homes not my own, old Mission Home, Yeen Jeong drove from dawn Thou hast brought the distant near, till late afternoon over the wide reaches of the And made a brother of the stranger. San Joaquin Valley and the hills that divided her present place of service from San Francisco, that Dr. Jeong now lives a life in harmony with the she might meet·and greet the friends of her early lines written by one far greater than the Indian girlhood, and especially the faithful friends whose poet: "Thou lovest righteousness and hatest wickrepresentative she hopes to be before long among edness; therefore God, even thy God, hath her own great nation in China. anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows."-Psalm forty-five.

Ute Indians Petition for a Church O N NOVEMBER 1, 1933, a large company . of Utes and Navajos gathered in the assem- bly rooms of the Towaoc Indian School, Colorado, for the purpose of meeting a commis- In God the "'At.h'lr, J e3u.! J,r l ,,, "'1'it J.m, ~'r•..l. ill ih"' ibly ,!>lrlt"e l:I•.!ll ,l'I~; ~" … ,,,HI.I· t,,,; t) .'/Jl l;> tw tl'lune God anJ. sion from the Presbytery of Pueblo in response to vroClota 11:; .!auae , VIe hel:'~by petitt on t Il e .!'ruD1Lery oJ! Puebl,,) a petition by Utes for the organization of a church. NAMES AND FINGER-PRINTS OF INDIANS WHO SIGNED THE PETITION FOR… A PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH After a full discussion of the matter on the part of the Indians and the visitors, and after a con- fession of faith in Jesus Christ, made by those who were ready to unite with the church, and the baptism of those who had not already been bap- tized, the Towaoc Indian Presbyterian Church was formally organized with eighty charter mem- bers. Fourteen were baptized. The first name on the petition for organization was that of the Chief of the Tribe, John Miller. His name was followed by the names of all the other chief men who are members of the Tribal Council. Most of the signatures were made by thumb-print.

The missionary in charge of this field, Mr. Rus- sell, says that the eighty charter members do not by any means include all who would like to unite witli the church. He looks for a ve~y encouraging ingathering during the coming yellr. The new congregation is greatly in need of a" church build- ing which will contain accommodations also for recreational and other activities. The only build- ing available at the present time is the Govern- ment school. The Utes are very poor and unable to provide the funds and it would greatly encour- age this new Indian congregation if some friends of the Indian work would contribute money to establish a church building for them, making it the center of further evangelizing efforts.

Strengthening Ties Between

and Americans -af I By JAMES TOOKER FORD, Los Angeles, California JB- A "JAPANESE Christian Oorrespondence A member of the faculty of the Arthur T. Pier- Club" was formed in Los Angeles a few son Memorial Bible School of Seoul, Korea, years ago, composed of a few retired min- writes: "By interpreting Christ, as He is to be isters. Names of Japanese students were sent by lived in daily life, some may be able to give these missionaries and letters were exchanged between young people real living messages." them and members of the club in order to foster a friendly international spirit and to promote From Hangchow, China, a missionary writes as Christian life. Delightful letters from some of follows: "The plan is not only possible, but is also the Japanese young men show intelligence and re- desirable. Our boys have good English and our finement, excellent English, and fine penmanship. American friends who may not be acquainted with This plan helps to create a cordial feeling between the conventional Chinese politness, which has been the American and Japanese nations. It would developed for a thousand years, will always find seem to be advisable to broaden this work to in- that naturalness, simplicity, and good 'horseclude laymen and women of America and Orien- sense' will make them understood." tals of other nationalities. Missionaries in Japan, China, Korea, India and the Philippines would In carrying out this plan for creating a better gladly cooperate. The letters of those unacquaint- feeling of friendliness between Americans and ed with the English language might be translated foreign peoples, personal facts, interesting items but the work should generally be confined to those from our daily life, description of surroundings, who know English, as missionaries usually are too and views on national and international events busy to interpret and rewrite letters. There are and problems, should be followed by the deeper multitudes of young men and young women in matters of the religious life, and at the right time China, Japan, India, Korea and the Philippines the presentatioR of Jesus Christ as the Saviour of who have been trained in English schools, and man and the Revealer of God. This will be welwho understand the language, who might be comed by many. It is foreign missionary work greatly helped by kindly personal contacts. Amer- which can be done without leaving home. The icans and Orientals might thus be drawn closer writer can testify to the blessing that follows together by common interest and Christian love. thus coming into touch for the Lord's sake with A missionary of the American Presbyterian Mis- young people of a foreign land. It is a task to sion in China, writes: "I wish you every success. write a thoughtful, joyful Christian letter to a There should be care taken in the selection of the foreigner but as many as six letters a year is not correspondents: Men should correspond with an insuperable task, and it pays. Women cormen only, and women with women. There should respondents are more easy to get than men, but be no appeals for money. Both parties should be men are needed to correspond with men. Misable to use the same language." sionaries will gladly supply names for correspond. ence and a pastor can select two or three persons fitted for this work.

Every book in the New Testament was written by a missionary. The New Testament epistles were addressed to missionary churches. The Book of Revelation was a message to seven missionary churches in Asia. A map of the first century Christian world is a tracing of the missionary journeys of the Apostles. Of the twelve Apostles chosen by Jesus all except one became missionaries. The one who did not become a missionary became a traitor. The Bible is a foreign missionary book. The true Christian Church is a missionary Church. Those who love Jesus Christ and who long for the coming of His Kingdom have, even in times of depression, the missionary spirit.

[332 ]

Christ Has Brought to China*

11 By DR. T. Z. KOO, PciiKng, China III>- Dr. Koo has been for several years identified with the Christian Student MO'/Je- ment, not only in China, but throughout the world. He is widely known for his lucid and penetrating Christian thinking, whether ,before the League of Nations or in the conferences of groups of students both in the East and in the West.

I WOULD like to give some account of the con- is to take your time and learn how to live rightly tribution that the Christian religion has with your fellowmen. If you do that, you have brought into Chinese life, as seen through the done your duty. In another part of his book, he eyes of a Chinese Christian. I suppose, especially says something like this: Yes; these gods are as you attend missionary conferences here and there; honor them, but keep away from them.

there, you have been told of the excellent work Teachings like this have left an indelible effect that the Christian religion upon the development of has done in China through Chinese culture throughout its colleges. You have also What Christ means, or may these twenty or more cenheard of the good work done turies since his time. In through the mission hos- mean, to the Chinese is best il- other words, the effect was pitals, through the churches, lustrated by this story of what gradually to cause the quest He means to one Chinese-Dr. of the Chinese people for and through the other Chris- T. Z. Koo. Here is a man, edu- tian benevolent institutions. cated in Chinese history and God gradually to taper off, I am not going to repeat the ethics and in Christian philos- until, when we come to the good things that the Chris- ophy and science, who has been present time, we find it tian religion has already widely used not only as a mis- rather difficult to find the brought to China through sionary to his own people but words in our language to dethose agencies. It is rather as an emissary to the League of scribe the attributes of God. my wish to share with you Nations and to other races. He some of my own more per- has recently been touring the In other words, our culsonal readings of the mean- United States as a Christian ture has developed, not on missionary to American college the plane of life of man with ing of the Christian religion students. He is a co,nvincing God, but on the plane of life and its contribution to Chi- eV'idence of the value of Chris- of man with man. That is nese life. tian missions. Dr. Koo has been why people say Chinese cul- The first great contribu- invited to return to America ture is humanistic in its tion of the Christian religion this autumn to conduct a series main trends. to my country will be appre- of United Missionary Meetings. The trouble with that ciated, if I give you a little plane of life is that when touch of the background of you make a people live on our culture for many hundreds of years. Chinese their own level as man to man, you have taken culture you have heard described as being pre- away the power ever to rise above that level.

dominantly humanistic. Now, what do people You have condemlled the people gradually to lose mean by culture being humanistic? Very briefly vision in life, to lose the creative capacity in life.

put, if you go back to the books of Confucious and It may take centuries to find it out; but any peo- to the teachings of his particular school of ple who leave God out of their life will find it out thought, you come across something like this: Confucius did not deny that, in this universe, there is sooner or later. spirit or God, as we would say. But he did say that such a spirit is so far away from us, why It is into such a situation that you bring God waste time speculating about the nature of the in Christ; and, as the knowledge bursts over some spirit? You will never know very much about of us for the first time, we realize that God is not him. Therefore, the more reasonable thing to do distant but can come so close to us in Christ that we can say, with some of the prophets of old, that we can walk and talk with Him. We have a God hu*ndFrreodmth thanenBivibelresaSryoooieftythRe eBcoibrdle. SPocairettyofwoarnk aidndrCehsisnaa.t the one WI·th whose SpI'rI't our spI'rI't can come I'nto fellow- [333 ]

ship and communion. God who was distant has cerned. In that life you still have the rules and come near; God, whom we were told was un- regulations; but there also has come into that knowable, has become known to us in Christ. And life a personal influence. The rules and regula- when you call people, who have swung to the tions of the school are dry bones; they have no humanistic trend, to come into contact with the transforming power in the life of that boy; but living Spirit of the Lord of the universe, then you the influence of that great personality on the staff have given something back to that people that is of the school, once it touches that boy's life, un- bound to revolutionize life in that part of the consciously begins to work changes.

world. What Christianity has brought to China in the That is the first great contribution that Chris- person and Spirit of Christ we can think of as the tian missionaries and other agencies have brought personal influence in the life of that boy. We still into life in China. must know our rules and regulations as far as Chinese Life and Ethics ethics are concerned; although I have been a Christian many years, yet the whole background The second great contribution I would like to of ethics still is there. But, on top of that, I am mention is that Chinese life is one that is lived on not now merely adhering to a code; I have sur- a very high ethical plane. We have been taught rendered to a Personality. I have given myself to live rightly, man with man, and because we are not only to something that is dead, but to some taught to live rightly our culture has not pro- One who is living today.

duced much that could be described as theology, The third point I want to mention, is the fact that is, the science of God. But our culture has that, in the social background of China, for inproduced some very fine things in the way of stance, we as individuals receive very little considethics; and, I think, the Chinese people as a whole eration in the old social system, because we are owe to this fact its continuity. Our people have mere units of a family clan, sometimes composed lived through many invasions; we have weathered of many, many people. Our interests as individmany political storms; we have maintained our uals are not important. We must all serve the integrity as a living people down to the present interests of the clan. That is why sometimes you day. Why? Not because we had armies; not hear people say that life is cheap in the East. because we had great power in absorbing other Not that we think lightly of taking life. Killing people; but because essentially the whole back- a man is repugnant to us; life is not cheap in that ground of Chinese life is based on ethical concep- sense; but it is cheap in the sense that your intions. dividuallife counts for very little, except as a part But, unfortunately, living by ethical codes, high of a larger clan. In that kind of atmosphere we as it is, has its penalty also. It is a life that can grow up, and we do not have a very high, exalted get very, very dry. When you live merely by the idea of our own worth and value as individuals.

ethical code, you either become cynical or you be- That is a little of the background. Now think come a hypocrite. That is what happened to the of the Christian message coming into that back- Pharisees. They tried to live by rules and regu- ground. You begin to see another great contrilations, and you know how Christ described them. bution, because here comes Christ to give us the People whose life is pitched on that plane alone wonderful news we describe as the Glad Tidings. sooner or later find themselves in that condition. When Christianity comes into this picture of In what way is it glad tidings to us? He comes ethical rules and regulations, something new and tells us how we, insignificant cogs in this comes in. family system in China, are also the children of God-precious in the sight of God, our Father.

Perhaps, the easiest way to show the contrast God,-our Father? We,-precious in his sight?

is to give a little illustration. Our Eastern minds What an idea! What tidings! Indeed, when we prefer to think concretely, in pictures rather than realize the full significance of this "Good News,"

in abstract words. You can think of a little boy something comes into our life which has almost going to school. When that boy enters school, he an explosive force.

has to know the rules and regulations of the You have heard people criticize the mission- school, so that he can p¥'s through without in- aries; especiaily some of your business men say fringing on too many of them. Suppose, while that the missionaries you send out to my country he was learning these rules and regulations, at the are at the bottom of all the revolutions and trou- same time this schoolboy comes unconsciously un- bles of China. They mean, of course, that as an der the personal influence of one of the great unfavorable criticism, to discredit missions. I masters on the staff of that school. He is still the wonder if they realize that there is valuable truth same boy; it is the same school; but it is no in what they say. When you bring to China this longer the same life, so far as that boy is con- message of Christ as our Elder Brother standing

WHAT CHRIST HAS BROUGHT TO CHINA

before God, and tell us that we are as precious to North China last year. There is the enemy, right God as Christ is precious to Him, you have im- at my doors. The call of the nation is, "Kill them, planted in the heart of some of us a new sense of hate them, because they are your enemies." The dignity as individuals, and a fresh longing to do call of Christ is: "Love your enemy." There is something with ourselves. That is what I meant nothing theoretical about that situation. The when I said that it puts something into our life enemy is right at my doors to be loved and here is that has explosive force. It is not mere accident, the Master's command, "Love your enemy." How that so many new currents of life in the far East are you going to bring the two together? today can be traced directly to men and women who have come to know Christ; men and women That is just what Christianity bids us do, to whose idea of their own manhood has received a rise from this plane of mere justice, and move a fresh vision of its possibilities as we see it in step ahead and deal with each other also in love. Christ Himself. Tremendous are the implications of that for us in our life today. The Ohallenge of Ohrist Now, the glory of the Bible to me is that it con- My last point, when I think of the contributions tains the record of a life which has enabled me to of the Christian Church, is the fact that, in the see these things. I know that people hold many Christian religion seen from the Chinese angle, theories about the Bible, its origin, its inspiration, you see a distinct challenge and call to rise from verbal and otherwise. But all these questions pale our present plane of life to a higher plane of life. into significance when one realizes the preeminent What do I mean by that? Again let me give you wonder that here in the Bible is recorded the revein a word or two a little of our social background, lation of God Himself. A Biblical scholar is interwhich will explain the point I have in mind. ested as to how this record has come about, and rightly so. But to the man struggling with life, When you think of life in my country at the the fact that the record is there is enough. If present time, how is it expressed? Take the so- you go through our Chinese literature for the last cial and ethical systems of China. What is the two thousand years you will find in it here and prevailing tone of the ethical life in China today? there intimations of God, vague descriptions of One sentence uttered by Confucius many, many God, yearnings after God. We can almost paryears ago expresses it very well; and that sen- allel some of our literature with the Old Testatence is translated thus: "Return with justice ment literature included in the Bible, until the those who hate you." In other words, meet your time of Christ. We have nothing to parallel the enemy, or deal with your enemy, justly. Other- Gospels. In the Bible we have a revelation of wise, how are you going to deal with friends? It God Himself, and because the Bible is the record is a perfectly logical, reasonable attitude of mind, of that revelation of God in Christ it can never and you will see in it the old order described by be replaced by any other book. Jesus-"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth." Meet your enemy with justice. So today, wherever I go, I always have two very intimate companions with me. One is a little In that background again Christ comes with a pocket Testament, so worn now that it is falling message,-"If you love only those who love you, to pieces. While I do not know very much about what, after all, is that?" You must do more; you the world-wide work of Bible distribution, but as should love your enemY,-even your enemy! It to the value of the Bible to myself, I can speak isn't enough that we meet an enemy with justice, from personal knowledge. we must meet our enemy with love. What does that mean? Meet our enemy with love. Do you I hope you have caught something of the ensee what I mean when I say that, if we face these thralling attraction which Christ and God in Him things honestly and squarely, we feel in our heart have for some of us who see Him for the first that we are being pulled and pulled and pulled to time. In Christ, we see a bit of the glory of God rise from the mere plane of "an eye for an eye, a Himself which we find only vaguely intimated in tooth for a tooth," from the mere idea of dealing our own literature. In that sense the words of justly with each other, to the plane of dealing also Christ, "I come not to destroy but to fulfill," are lovingly with each other, even our enemies? What so true of what is happening in China. He has a tremendous implication there is in that chal- not destroyed any of the real values that we have lenge I have had reason to know these past known in the past, but He has lifted them up, months. I live in the City of Peiping, which was sanctified them, and made them mean more to us the objective of the Japanese armies invading than before we knew Him.

DAILY VACATION BIBLE SCHOOL GROUP IN

Here is a significant venture in home missionary work. The intermingling of fifty different denominations, and twenty-five different nationalities, and aU degrees of social status, have done much to bring about a better feeling and spirit of friendship. In this group which includes three colors, and many nationalities, far-reaching consequences in the promotion of world friendship, religious tolerance, and sympathetic understanding is taking place.-HoMER H. ELLIOTT, Whittier, Cali!.

Twenty,Five Nationalities Enrolled By the REV. HOMER H. ELLIOTT, Whittier, California A SIGNIFICANT home missionary venture month. The curriculum puts special emphasis on in world friendship on the Pacific Coast is Bible study and missionary and evangelistic edu- the system of Daily Vacation Church cation. Other subjects include world friendship, Schools at Pasadena, California. Thirty-five de- music, dramatics, civic, and home education, and nominations are spon~oring a city-wide system of Christian patriotism.

schools ministering to over 2,400 pupils of twenty- The inter-racial and inter-social playtimes and five different nationalities and races. The twenty- fellowship activities are features of the work.

five or more schools are held in churches chosen As white, black, yellow and brown children from so as to contact as many different denominations many countries, rich and poor, strong and weak, and nationalities as possible. During the past mingle together, the seeds of world friendship and thirteen years 24,728 pupils have been enrolled peace, social and industrial democracy, for which with an average of twenty-five nationalities in at- the Christ stands, are sown in a remarkable way.

tendance. Special missionary schools have also This inter-mingling of many denominations and been set up for particular racial and institutional nationalities including all degrees of social status, groups of under-privileged children. produces many results in wholesome and more This enterprise, especially unique because of its sympathetic relationships. It will have far- missionary aspect, is under the Council of Reli- reaching consequences in the promotion of toler- gious Education, a city-wide enterprise sponsored ance, world friendship, peace, and interracial un- by many denominations. This Council conducts derstanding. Through it all Jesus of Nazareth, a cooperative all-year program, including Leader- the living Christ, who loves children, and invites ship Training, Elementary Division Council, Par- them to come to Him, is recognized as the Head ent Education, World Friendship Schools, a of every school, and in these schools many have Workers' Library, and the Vacation Church learned to love and follow Him.

Schools. Mrs. H. O. Clarke is the Executive Sec- Hundreds of homes have also been evangelized retary, and the teachers are all paid; having been through these contacts. Many children with no especially trained in a spring institute. church affiliation have made their first Christian These schools are graded to meet the needs of contact through the Vacation School and have the pupils from the kindergarten through the jun- later joined a Sunday school or church. In the ior high school. They open immediately after last eight years 1,254 such children are known to the close of public schools and continue for one have become affiliated with Pasadena churches.

[336 ]

A Challenge from the Near East*

By W. HAROLD STORM, M.D., Muscat, Arabia Missionary of the Reformed Church in America W E ALL love adventure. The thrill of ad- where they would come together because long be- venture fills us with enthusiasm. With- fore that they would engage in a battle royal. out this we are apt to grow unconcerned There are many adventures on the lonely and indifferent. stretches of desert hitherto unexplored-scarcity Over the radio recently I heard the siren from of water, sand storms, lost paths and revolts Admiral Byrd's ship far down in the Antarctic. among camelmen. Even Bedouin food involves There was an exchange of programs between the adventures for one never is, quite sure just what men on board the ship and the studio in New the next mouthful may contain.

York. Since I have often been in isolated places All cannot go to Arabia and all cannot be desert on the Arabian Desert I could understand the doctors but there comes to each of us the task thrill that must have come to those men isolated of living adventurous lives right where we are.

amidst the ice floes of the Antarctic as they once That depends much on how we respond to the again came into touch with home. challenges that face us. We cannot avoid these The life of a desert missionary doctor is full challenges nor would we want to escape them.

of adventure. Exploring new places, visiting Let us face them honestly and courageously.

Bedouin encampments for the first time, living In the Near East, in Turkey, Egypt and Persia, with the desert Arabs, these experiences leave no we are witnessing phenomenal changes. These dull moments. There is the thrill of meeting a countries are rife with nationalism. The wheels caravan in the southeastern desert of Arabia, of progress are grinding on and youth is at the where the law is that every man is your enemy helm. Nationalism demands our sympathy and until proven otherwise. No two caravans will respect, but if unbridled it involves much danger.

pass until they have become assured that they One can hardly keep pace with young Turkey as are friends. she moves forward under her spirited leader, A camel boy will run up beside my camel and Mustafa Kemal Pasha. From a defeated and say that he has seen someone approaching. I look, crushed people she has risen in a short space of but a quarter of an hour passes before I can see time to command the respect of the whole world.

anything and then it is only a speck on the hori- Practically the same can be said for Persia and zon. Later this speck turns out to be a lone camel- Egypt. Syria and Iraq are also finding and ex- rider. We make for one side of a sand dune on pressing themselves in many ways as their youth our right as he makes for the opposite side. We awakens to new hopes and aspirations.

find him kneeling down by his camel pointing In Arabia we find quite a different situation.

his gun towards us. My guide rushes out waving Here nationalism is not rife. Conditions are more his long sleeved gown in the air as a signal for fixed and primitive. In spite of this the youth are the other man to advance. He rises and leads his speaking and reaching out to find expression for camel forward a few paces, halts and shouts in their feelings. Many are out of sympathy with clear Arabic: "May I advance in your faces?" the old and are seeking something new. Not a This is the Arabic way of asking if it is safe few of the young men are giving up the binding for him to approach. If the guide answers in the religious customs of their elders, such as rigid affirmative, the stranger asks, "May my camel ad- fasting during Ramadan. They are awakening, vance in your faces?" If a second time the guide but the question now is: Whither bound? Some assures him that it is safe, then the man ad- cling to the old customs and remain under the old vances with his camel and our guide goes out to cloak; others keep to the old but try to change meet him. When they are assured that they are the cloak; a few throw off the old entirely and friends the two caravans come together. they know not where to go. It is the challenge of What would happen if they are not friends? this last group which is so important. Since they In that case they would never reach the point have given up the old beliefs they are in more or less of a receptive mood. Much hinges on what 19;1n address given at the Florida Chain of Missionary Assemblies, they learn and accept in the near future.

[337 ]

This change of attitude on the part of the youth convert in the whole province of Oman. I rushed is calling forth outspoken opposition on the part over to the men's hut and found it empty. During of their elders-a fact that makes it much harder the night a fanatical Mohammedan brother had for them to find adequate satisfaction in their come and stolen the body, carrying it to his own attempt at self-expression. In Muscat I was in- hut with the idea that if Mirash died in his house, vited to sponsor the first athletic club in that city. he could tell to the city that Mirash had died a The young men were delighted that some one Mohammedan. He could then claim the widow, would take an interest in them and help them. A would be in a position to dictate as to her future letter shows in what position they found them- and would gain money from her remarriage. selves because of the attitude of their elders. We went to the brother's house and found the This letter reads in part: door barred. Finally, through a friend we were admitted and spent the last few hours with Mirash It is with great regret to say that the club is looked before he was called home. The brother refused upon, unfortunately, by many respected fathers if not all, to allow him to have a Christian burial and tried with contempt and is regarded as a resort of idle talk and to get friends to help him bury Mirash. They all joke; hence it remains stagnant, being deprived of their refused, saying that since Mirash was a Christian stirring support. Many of these good elders, if not all, during life they would have nothing to do with consider and express that sports are under no circum- him now. The brother was about to tell us to stances becoming the dignity of anyone. They are, bury Mirash when the mother stepped to the doornamely the sports, in th.eir opinion but childish diversions way and with a face like stone and, pointing to the which any promising youth should eschew. We are, there- rocks back of Muscat, said, "I would rather have for,e, trying our best to extricate this thought and manifest my boy carried to those rocks and the birds eat to these good elders the noble effects the sports are pro- his body than to have the Christians bury him." ducing on us. The brother became more fanatical and finally got help to give Mirash a Moslem burial. The youth of America are living in momentous times. Weare face to face with living issues. All As my colleague and I came back from the is not as it ought to be within our churches, and cemetery we noticed a great commotion about the in many of them the missionary enthusiasm is courtyard. They were forcing the young widow waning. Some believe that the chief cause is through the Mohammedan ceremony of widowthe economic situation, but the great reason is hood. In our section of Arabia, as the men come a general spiritual apathy. Thus we are handed back from the cemetery they bring the widow out the task of entering the game when, in many to the threshold of the door and throwing over quarters, no gain is being made or ground is her a black cloth they ask her to repeat the first actually being lost. Great hope is expressed in chapter of the Koran, thus declaring her intention the youth and much is expected from them, as to follow the religion of her husband. Then she is evidenced by the increased emphasis on young is ushered back into a dark room where for four people's work. months and ten days she remains in utter seclu- sion. She sees no one and food is handed through The youth of the Near East are awakening the door. After that she is brought out and the and are challenging us to awaken and shoulder oldest male relative has the right to arrange a our responsibilities. We, who know Christ and wedding. have had the advantages of Christian homes, schools and friends, must hear the Macedonian We found the relatives forcing the young widow call of our fellows of the Near East. They are through this ceremony. In front of her were a building for tomorrow; quickly before the build- fanatical group of men and behind her an equally ing is completed they must learn that, "Other fanatical group of women. A religious judge was foundation can no man lay than that is laid, which trying to force her to repeat the required words. is Jesus Christ." My colleague stepped up to the old man and said in Arabic, "There is no compulsion in religion." We must also shoulder the more difficult task The judge looked around and said, "You are right, of helping to re-awaken a sleeping church in we will let her speak for herself." America. At these words Miriam stood up and faced the Into whichever field we enter there will be a crowd of men .who had been jeering at her and price to pay. Anything of value requires a price. said, "I am a Christian and am going to be a The extent to which we are willing to pay depends Christian." on the value we place upon it. The greater the value, the greater the price. That was over three years ago. I remained on in Muscat for two years and saw Miriam nearly An Arab Woman every day. She was ostracized by all her friends and relatives. Poisoned food was sent to her. A Let a young Arab woman speak. I had only fanatical brother threatened her life if he should been in Muscat a few days when a messenger came running over to the hospital saying that Mirash was dying. He was our only Christian

A CHALLENGE FROM THE NEAR EAST

ever see her on the street. But under conditions ingly impossible. Then we realize, as we go along, like these she remained true, never once denying that with God nothing is impossible. her Master. She willingly went through all this because Christ meant so much to her. She was As we accept the challenge and take our places willing to pay the price even if it should mean let us remember the words of our Captain. death. Today out there in Muscat she is the only baptized Christian in the whole province of Oman. "He that loveth father or mother more than me She sends a challenge to us. is not worthy of me."

Are we willing to pay such a price? If we are, "There is no man that hath left house, or brethit will mean changes for some of us. We will be ren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or asked to give up some things that we have long children, or lands, for my sake and the gospel's, cherished. It may mean doing some things of but shall receive a hundredfold now in this time, which our parents and friendS' will not approve. houses, and brethren, and sisters, and mothers, We all seek adventure. Life itself is adventurous. and children. and lands, with persecutions; and The Christian life is one full of adventure. There in the world to come eternal life." is adventure in faith and in tackling the seem- "Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends."

. Religion and Young People Today Youth has ceased to live the sheltered existence of former generations and is today exposed to the great currents of social and political life.

The main reason for the participation in politics on the part of youth is that its own future is threatened.

Youth passes and rejects the established (dis-) order. It believes in some sort of revolutionary change in the present structure of society.

Youth seeks a new sense of security and of self-confidence by entering into the modern mass-movements.

Youth has little use for "civilization," or ideals, and returns to more "primitive" realities.

The new primitiveness of youth implies that it is less inclined to reject religion in the name of "Progress" or "Philosophy" or "Science" and more inclined to judge it on its own merits.

The most formidable barrier between religion and youth has been the wide-spread notion that modern science and modern philosophies of life had knocked the bottom out of positive faith. Mystery seemed to belong increasingly to the past. But as the facts of life rather than the theories about life claim attention again, this superficial view breaks down and the forces over which man has no control are again recognized as dominant realities.

If youth seeks anything in Christianity, it seeks in it a message of authority and power. Christianity begins to be taken on its own merits again. The outstanding one is that it proclaims a God Who is the measure of all things, by Whom all things are measured and Who is Himself measured by none …… Youth asks rightly that the claim of truth shall be proved in life as well as in speech.

Youth seeks in Christianity power to give them victory over the experience of impotence, of fear and nothingness, which comes so naturally to them in their present perilous condition.

A Christianity which reduces itself to a way of life or to a "philosophy of life" is too pale, too spineless, to answer such searching questions. But the message of Jesus Christ, with its uncompromising demands and its offer of total renewal of life gives the answer which can meet their deep need.-Dr. Visser 't Hooft, in the C. S. S. Review.

Response of

I _•..g{ By EZRA P. YOUNG, St. Petersburg, Florida I}3t-.- ~==========================~ .nA..FTER hearing a youthful missionary talk engagements with which, to use her own words, recently a sub-deb tripped up to the speaker "I was fed up." and said, after the manner of seventeen: When some of the missionary speakers went to "That was a swell speech. Did you see our a reputedly sophisticated university recently for gang on the back seat? Well, we came prepared a two-day program for Christ there was some to be bored and ready to walk out in time for a doubt as to their being able to interest the stu- dance, but when you started telling stories we dents.

decided to move up front and hear you out. We "You cannot say anything that will thrill these didn't know a missionary talk youngsters. They simply will could be so interesting." not respond to your message,"

This took place at a young Are the young people of was the warning note sounded.

people's mass meeting, part of today susceptible to the mis- A young doctor, just re- this year's Florida Chain of sionary appeal? Read what turned from six years of serv- Missionary Assemblies pro- Mr. Young says and you will ice in Arabia where he was the gram. The speaker had carried have the answer. They are first American doctor to pene- his audience with him through eager for some worthy chal- trate into· Bedouin camps in the vivid missionary experi- lenge. Is not the reason why the remote parts of that counences of several years in a cthaeuyse hCavherisntotanredspHoinsdehderboeic- try, related his simple but fas- needy foreign field. and worthwhile appeal have cinating story of long caravan Two days later an attractive not been presented to them treks, camel trail clinics and girl appeared in the study of with sufficient sincerity and oasis operations performed on the pastor of the church and clearness? This is a challeng- the running board of his car.

said: "We have been thrilled ing and cheering report. A Filipino girl told what by these missionary speakers, Christ had meant to youth in and we want to do something the Philippines and of the hard- ourselves. But if we cannot go to the mission ships they were willing to undergo to be true to field, how can we serve?" their new and living faith.

The minister met the challenge of youth. A young man, who had spent three years as a "Right here in our own state," he said, "are leader of boys in Turkey, witnessed to the likable- men and women who know almost as little about ness of a much misunderstood people and told of Christ as the people in inner Africa and far-off their great desirefor enlightenmentand fellowship.

China. There are Negroes exploited and discrim- These stories were all vivid and concrete, and inated against; there are children in the interior when the speakers had finished they were sur- without benefit of education and recreation, for rounded by students-supposed not to be inter- whom the Government is trying to provide satis- ested in missions-who put intelligent questions factory leaders; in the swamps of Florida not far to them for a full hour before they let them go!

south of here are the Seminole Indians, living on Not satisfied with this, the speakers were invited the edge of civilization in a state almost as prim- to visit their fraternities for informal discussion, itive as the tribes of Mongolia. Right here at our in one of which the president of the house sug- back door are people who need strong and coura- gested that they would like to do something con- geous young hearts to help them !" crete to show their interest in the youth across The result of that conference between youth the sea. "Missions," he said,. "have always been and the clergy was a dedication of a good share to our minds something vague and far-away, to of that young woman's time and energy to volun- be carried on by a lot of dear old ladies who feel teer leadership in recreation and handwork among sorry for the 'heathen.' But now we realize that the poor children of a part of Florida seldom seen across the sea are people who need our help. We by the average tourist-the great interior country have caught a world vision these two days, and of flatwoods and turpentine camps. Life has now we want to do something about it."

taken on new meaning for that society girl whose In one city in the south a young woman wrote calendar had been filled with a mad whirl of social to a friend, who was a member of the visiting [340 J missionary team, and said: "Five of the girls in they are indifferent to the Church's world proour set have gotten together and decided to take gram. In a city of the south five hundred young a stand against drinking and smoking. The situa- people listened attentively to a symposium of tion is terrible here; it is getting so that girls home and foreign missions. Such an impression who do not do these things are simply not invited was made that there was a carry-over the next to parties, and some feel that unless they have day into the local high school where the teachers some sort of engagement every evening they are were requested by the students themselves to give in danger of being social failures. The coming the periods over to a discussion of what had been of these missionaries-many of them young them- said the day before. It was reported that no selves-and the things they stand for, have en- previous topic had created such a contagious and couraged us to champion these principles. We sustained enthusiasm. are praying that your messages may reach the hearts of our friends !" A young woman, who has been a teacher and a friend of youth in a Chinese University, speaking In Jacksonville, at a mass meeting of young in a wealthy community, told how she had eaten people, a high school boy bent forward eagerly to Chinese food in order to save enough money to catch every word of the address given by a cow- help provide a poor Chinese lad with an education. boy missionary from New Mexico. In imagina- The story was related with not the slightest trace tion he traveled with this new hero along dim of self-pity-it was all part of a radiant experitrails into mountain fastnesses where men waited ence-and it reached the heart of at least one girl in lonely cabins for the message of Christ. He who had been pampered and spoiled through every saw the missionary rope a steer and ride a buck- one of her seventeen years. The idea of giving up ing broncho, in order to melt the heart of a fast- something for somebody else had apparently never riding, hard-boiled son of the plains. Here was entered her little head. Here she saw, for the first a new thrill, and the boy decided to ask this man time, self-sacrifice presented as a glorious and whether he, too, could serve as a Christian leader rewarding adventure; it was a new kind of reliamong the cowboys. That same day a boy of gion to her and surprisingly attractive. She eighteen living in Jacksonville, leaped from a sought an interview with the missionary and later bridge to his death in the St. Johns River. His thought seriously whether there was something horrified companions, who stood helplessly by at she dearly loved that she might give up for this the time of the tragedy, explained that "Bill was great cause. She decided on her motor car-a crazed with drink; he had tried every thrill, and bright red roadster, fast as the wind, and she he was bored with life." Bored with life at eight- loved the thrill of power it gave her to sit behind een because he hadn't found any cause bigger than the wheel! The girl in her was wistful as she himself and his own pleasure! took her farewell ride in the big red car. Her friends were inclined to laugh at this dramatic A Japanese Christian young woman won the renunciation, but they changed their attitude heart of an American girl with her singing and when they realized that she was dead in earnest a beautiful friendship was begun, which opened and that she too had forsaken some of her old up a whole new world of interest and possibility gods. Her heart was deeply stirred and something for service to the American girl. A bundle of beautiful had come into her life. provincial prejudice against Orientals was thrown into the discard. This small Japanese young We make a grave mistake when we present woman, who had to stand on a chair to be seen by Christianity to youth as an easy-going religion. her audience, did more for Japanese-American We cannot blame the indifference of youth when friendship in a month's tour of Florida than the we fail to captivate them. How often do they average diplomat could do in a year. Her singing come to the church hungry for the Gospel and we of "Saviour Like a Shepherd Lead Us" at young give them current events? They are eager for a people's mass meetings not only convinced youth great cause to champion with all the eagerness of of the worthwhileness of an enterprise which their youthful vigor and we urge them to sell could nurture such a beautiful life, but it also tickets for church suppers! They come seeking won young people for Christ. answers to the frank and penetrating questions and we hide behind an ecclesiastical vocabulary, If the next Peace Conference could be delegated for many of us have never faced life courageously from among the intelligent youth of the world, ourselves. They come longing for Christian felwho still think in terms of the sacredness of per- lowship and we turn the church into a glorified sonality, we could all be beating our swords into amusement center and deceive ourselves into beplowshares. Talk with youth in any nation in the lieving that we are giving them the "abundant world today (including those dominated by dic- life." They long for a test of their courage that tators), and you will be impressed with one thing would make Christian discipleship difficult of -their passion for peace. attainment and we soft-pedal principles and go One of the criticisms of today's youth is that

around whispering about sin as if it were a word carefully by youth at the impressionable age gone out of style. We aim too low in our appeal might very easily change the whole character and to youth and they sense it. They dislike our moral aim of their lives. Some of the older missionary and spiritual timidity. books are especially thrilling because of their stories of heroism. The reason why the missionary program interests youth is because it involves risk and new There was a striking title in a recent religious experiences. Youthful hearts have a magnificent magazine: "Wanted-Courage to Grasp Thorns." latent courage that thrills to dangerous but worth- In America life, even in the church, is too easy while enterprise. Every library for growing boys for most of us. What we need once more is an and girls should contain such inspiring missionary inrush into Christian hearts of the "courage to biographies as "The Life of John G. Paton," "The grasp thorns." Youthful hearts have that cour- Splendor of God," "Shepherd of Aintab," "Life of age; they need only the magic of fearless and Livingstone," "Mary Slessor of Calibar," "The unselfish leadership to set that courage aflame. Moffats," Janet Miller's "Jungles Preferred," Al- But so long as the church makes the error of trybert Schweitzer's "Hospital at Lamberene," Stan- ing to remove the thorns it will not inspire the ley Jones' "Christ of the Indian Road," and other courageous way of life-the thorn and Cross way recognized works. They are not only thrilling but of life-which, when presented vividly, comes as they are also informing; and such a series read a vital and compelling challenge to youth.

CHRISTIAN STRATEGY IN A CHANGING WORLD By PROFESSOR BASIL MATHEWS, Boston Mass.

The Christian's duty in respect of nationalism is to transcend it; not ….. from out- side, but from within. Our task is to re-create our nation as it is into the nation that God wills it to be, so that it can offer its own special gift to the world of nations. This is the true foundation of internationalism, …..far greater than any supercilious cosmopolitanism that has no loyalty to mankind as a whole because it has none to home and nation. Our ultimate loyalty is a spiritual one, to the Kingdom of God; but that loyalty must begin to be incarnate and concrete and passionate in the home and the nation before it can be real in relation to mankind.

If the values that we see in Christ govern the use and the invention of the tools that science is ready to put into our hands, we shall not be making poison gas, tanks, bombing airplanes, submarines and machine guns. We shall concentrate on the perfection of medicine and surgery and their spread throughout the world; on the irrigation of deserts to grow crops for the famine-stricken in India and China; on the engineering of roads and bridges over which foods and medicines will be carried to multitudes dying of drought and disease; and on the control of rivers such as those that today sweep uncounted thousands of our Chinese fellowmen to death. We shall so mobilize the forces of goodwill and so relate the men of spiritual vision and of political and economic capacity to the affairs of mankind that the elementary material needs of all men will be met by a sharing of the gifts of God among all classes and nations in an interdependent world….. We shall enter on a new discovery of beauty, and make the loveliness of God's world in nature and in all the arts available to delight the soul of all peoples. We shall, above all, …. give our lives and use all the tools that are to our hand for spreading among all men the truth of this good news of the Kingdom of God……

Those tools of science lie ready to our hands. Just as the Roman roads, and that gift of the Pax Romana, the free passage of ships over the Mediterranean Sea, served Christ through Paul, so the ocean liner and the automobile, the new air routes across Africa and Asia, the cable and wireless, the printing press and the technique of medicine and surgery, can be made by us to serve Christ in the spread of His good news and in the practice of His spirit everywhere….. .

Communism challenges our accepted social and industrial traditions. So do trenchant, persuasive prophets of skepticism like Bertrand Russell. They declare for what they hold to be a higher social good, and are ready with a concrete program. The standards of Christ really challenge those traditions even more drastically, but the Christian community on the whole fails to give a strong fresh lead. As Nicholas Berdyaev says: "The only thing to pit against integral communism, materialistic communism, is integral Christianity."-World Tides in the Far East.

A New Day in Giving*

-~~II=-=-=-=-B_Y=-R_O_BE_R_T=-E._S_P_E_ER_'_D_._D_.=-=-=-~~ W E ARE facing a very grave, transitional entire population should be made a state concern. situation in the matter of the support of What national resource is there that is compa- educational, philanthropic and missionary rable with the physical and moral health of the agencies which are dependent upon private gifts. nation? If it is a proper function of the state to It is interesting to observe the divergent atti- husband its resources of lumber and mineral it tudes and judgments of those responsible for the is asked, how much more its resources of men and administration of these agencies. Some think women? One may approve or disapprove of the that the golden age of private benevolences has extent to which the state is taking over social, passed. They point out that the supposition that educational and philanthropic activities, but the the noble tide of private philanthropy which we principle, whether for good or for evil, is going have known in America for fifty years was a to affect radically the continuance of many of the natural and permanent phenomenon is fallacious. agencies which have grown up in these fields.

So far from being a natural, human development, And even where the government does not actually it was distinctly a phenomenon of American and take over a particular form of activity, the gen- British life. Most of the countries of the world eral development affects the popular mind, and have known nothing comparable to it. There has will increase the difficulty of raising funds for been no such development of humane and mis- work akin to, but beyond the bounds of, the func- sionary undertakings maintained by private be- tions which the government is assuming.

nevolence in other lands. It was inevitable, some In the second place, the increased tax burdens believe, that this movement should ebb, and they are diminishing the ability to give of the very are reconciled to what they think to be a new and people who have been the main supporters of the more permanent condition. They think that their philanthropic and missionary agencies. The in- agencies have crossed the top of the hill and creased income tax rates will more than offset the henceforth must adjust themselves to a reduced benefit of the exemptions allowed on account of and still further declining basis of support. contributions, and the increasing inheritance This is true probably with regard to some of taxes are already beginning to affect, in the most the activities that we have known, but there are serious way, the flow of legacies which has been others of which I do not believe it is true. Their one of the notable features of private giving in work is obviously still undone, and there will be America. The great bulk of American giving is sincere men and women who will recognize the that of a small minority of the population, and duty of carrying it forward and seeing that the it is this minority which is feeling most the di- necessary tasks are adequately maintained until minished ability to give, due to increased taxation.

they are accomplished. At the same time we In the third place, both the increased costs and must clearly recognize the elements in the present the rise of the standard of living affect the ability situation which are of the gravest concern to all and the willingness of people to give. The margin agencies dependent upon private, benevolent sup- between income and what are regarded as neces- port. sary living expenditures is steadily reduced. It First, it is to be noted that the enlargement of has been from this margin in the main that pri- government functions is absorbing tasks formerly vate gifts have come. Furthermore, the whole dependent upon voluntary service. Old age pen- level of living has risen, and those things are sions, widows' pensions, unemployment relief and deemed necessary today which were regarded as insurance, the care of dependent and delinquent dispensable luxuries in the past, and it is this children, education itself are a few of the forms very type of expenditure which represents the of humane relief and service which governments heaviest costs. The increase in the price of sports are increasingly taking over. And there are now and pleasures has been far greater than the in- serious proposals that the care of the health of the crease in the cost of food and clothing.

In the fourth place, a new psychology is cer- tain to arise from the substitution of the ideal of * 1A9n'34a.ddre ss given at the Lawyers' Club, New York, Friday, A,pril 13, [343 ]

leisure for the ideal of work, and of the ideal of be a clear observance and tenacious grasp of self-indulgence for the ideal of self-sacrifice. It sound, fundamental principles. is well that we have escaped from the terrible pressure of the days when labor worked twelve It would seem that the day of the large gifts hours and six days for a dollar a day. But the may be over. If income and inheritance taxes idea of a three or four hour day and a five day absorb the wealth which has been available for week, which many are advocating, is the product philanthropic causes in the past, then the loss of a point of view and will be itself the cause of a must be made up by the larger number of small point of view which would be sterile as regards givers. The new attitudes of mind which are benevolence and sacrificial giving. ahead of us may be inhospitable to such a scheme, but it is the reasonable and necessary method. In the fifth place, there is undoubtedly a hardheadedness as to the survival of the unfit which The Fundamental Principles supplements the increasing soft-heartedness as to the undesirability of discipline and control. It As to fundamental principles I name only four. has taken a long time for the biological ideas to The first would be principles of work and thrift. seep into social thought, but they have gone very It is these principles that have made our country deep as W. G. Sumner hoped that they might. He and have made the world. It was not leisure and opposed all forms of legislation that protected or luxury and indolence that cut down the forests preserved inferiority. If a man did not have will and broke the soil and trod the thoroughfares enough to save himself from drunkenness and through the wilderness and laid the foundations wreckage, according to Sumner's view, the sooner on which the nation and its life are built. Leisure he was allowed to get himself out of the way the is not a sound ideal of human life unless men better. We have today to deal with an attitude know how to use it creatively in a way that makes which feels no vivid personal responsibility for it the equivalent of work, yielding an enlargeothers. And we have to deal with another atti- ment of the spiritual wealth of the nation in mind tude which feels so responsible for others that it and character. Only from ideals of work and wants them to be let absolutely alone. Both these thrift will the streams of large public and private attitudes are fatal to the ideas and ideals which charity flow forth. have provided the wealth of benevolence which has been the glory of the last fifty years. The second principle is that of trusteeship. It has been spoken of as stewardship, and that is the There is a sixth influence, about which some right idea, but that word as well as the word may disagree. We have lost a great deal in recent trusteeship has been worn dull. The idea, howyears by the promiscuousness and the generality ever, is the central idea of friendship, of service, of some of our giving programs. Composite funds of patriotism, of humanity. Fritz Kreisler is a in which the separate causes are merged so that fine illustration of it in the use of talent and time the donor gives to the fund instead of to a con- and money for the enrichment of human life. crete cause have their advantages. Some donors can best be enlisted in such giving; but there are In the third place, the true motives of life are disadvantages in the loss of personal motivation personal: Love, kindness, brotherliness, pity, and knowledge of concrete necessities and the good-will-these are the motives without which sense of individual responsibility. giving will be thin and poor.

One other element in our present situation is Lastly, we need to work with the conception of the question as to whether genuine religious faith solidarity. It has been a shame that we have has waned or whether, even if it has not-as I 'do surrendered it as far as we have to negative and not believe it has-it may not have suffered from destructive movements. Christianity began with failure to relate itself definitely and directly to it, with the noble conception, thousands of years expression in adequate and sustained benevolence. ahead of human thought, of humanity as an or- ganic body, rejoicing, suffering, ennobled, shamed No doubt there are many other aspects of our together, every member bound to each other mempresent situation which might be mentioned. No ber. This is the true ideal of a true nationalism. doubt also there is much to be said in qualifica- And it is the ideal which rejects all false nationaltion of these things, but it is enough for our pur- ism and racial and party division as against the pose to realize that there is a problem here of unity and the solidarity of mankind. vital concern to all. The problem which we are facing is not to be dealt with by any tricks, good If we are going to try to perpetuate the good of or bad, nor by any devices learned from advertis- this great era of giving which lies behind us, and ing or the psychology of salesmanship. What we if we are going on to a better day, it can only be need is first to see clearly that there may need to on sound and right principles. If we stand on be a shift of method, and second, that there must these, we need not be afraid of the result because their guarantee and their adequate fruitage is assured by God in whom they have their home.

Home Mission Income

The giftj; to the work of many home miSsion enterprises have decreased from thirty to fifty per cent in the past five years. This has been understandable but it has been little less than a tragedy to those related to the work. Salaries have been slashed below the point of decent and efficient living; work has been closed and workers recalled; help has been withheld from struggling churches; communities have been deprived of Sunday schools and other religiouS privileges. These are disappointing, if not discouraging, results of the economic crisis through which we have been passing. But there are also beneficial results that come from necessary economies. These are worth considering, not to make us satisfied with decreased giving but to teach us certain lessonS in stewardship and to encourage us in the conviction that God is standing by His servants and that in the work of Christ true spiritual results are not dependent on the amount of money expended. The following contributions throw much light on the subject.

Needed Changes in Technique cut down. Churches have been, and are being abandoned; others have been yoked, with result- By ERNEST M. HALLIDAY, D.D., New York City ant inadequate service to all; still others have been left without pastors for longer or shorter General Secretary of the Church Extension Boards of the periods, with chief dependence upon student sum- Congregational and Christian Churches mer service. Despite all economies we have not PERIODS of financial distress multiply the dif- escaped a deficit. It has been necessary therefore ficulties of home missionary work but they to draw heavily upon reserves which may serve to also emphasize the necessity of continuing it. cushion the fall for a brief period but will soon The heavy hand of depression, keeping agricul- be exhausted. Then but two possibilities present tural products down to very low levels, and fac- themselves: further decrease in expenditures and tories closed or on part-time schedules, causing a crippling of the work, or increase in income. wide-spread unemployment, has resulted in star- In some respects the falling off of income has tling decreases in pastoral support for many home not been an unmixed evil for it has resulted in missionaries who in normal times look to the fields administrative economies, closer scrutiny of ap- they serve for a large percentage of their salaries. propriations, elimination of certain doubtful fields Many of these representatives of the churches, and a new stimulus to cooperation, both within whose pay is inadequate in the best of times, have and outside the denomination. But while some been brought to such straits that it has been neces- limitation of diet may not be fatal and, may even sary for Home Mission Boards, by small emer- prove salutary, too great limitation results in gency grants, to relieve them of their most press- emaciation and ultimate starvation. As a matter ing necessities. of fact the lessons we are learning under pressure Donors as well as mission workers have felt the ought to contribute to efficiency.

depression severely so that the contributions of What are some of the foreseeable changes in churches and individuals have fallen off at the home missionary technique? First of all, we must very time when increase was most needed. Re- look more and more to interdenominational coop- turns from legacies have also been seriously de- eration for the achievement of our task. At pres- pleted by shrinkage in estates, and income from ent we are hampered by a meager program, investments have suffered to a considerable ex- spread over too wide an area. We should seek to tent. For the Church Extension Boards of the restrict the work more geographically and to Congregational and Christian Churches the total make it richer in its elaboration; it should be income, including repayment of building loans, more intensive, less extensive.' There is no longer was 23.3 per cent lower last year than the year any justifiable place for competition between before and fell 53.5 per cent below receipts of evangelical home missionary churches. There 1928.· must be more withdrawals from overlapping In this emergency the budget has been cut again fields and more reciprocal exchanges. If local and again. Administration and promotion appro- groups insist on having their own special organi- priations have been drastically reduced. Salaries zations, they must finance the work out of their of secretaries, superintendents, and other general own pockets. Release of funds accomplished in workers, office staff, and of missionaries receiving this way should be used for the intensifying of their entire support from the Extension Boards, work at other points where it is sorely needed. have been lowered from 10 to 19 per cent. Field The second point in our future program is the supervision has been curtailed and aid to pastors combining of forces to carry out certain united [345 ]

enterprises. This may be done in such a geo- sible by a development of the sharing spirit that graphical unit as Alaska, or in an ethnic unit as the Spanish-speaking work in the Southwest, or is characteristic of those to whom the Gospel of in a logical unit as in the case of specialized city and rural service, or in service units as in the Christ has become a reality. Their heritage, locase of ministry to farm and cannery migrants. Such fields are not so organically bound up with cality, environment and relationships enable them, denominational machinery as to make cooperation impracticable. directly or indirectly, to engage in various types . A third field of readjustment lies in the adaptation for effective appeal of the newest develop- of missionary service. . ments in visual and oral presentation, such as the moving picture, the phonograph and the radio. The scope and significance of this task ought to Similarly, the possibility of procuring "electrical transcriptions" which will run for fifteen min- be considered in any attempt to appraise the utes without change opens a fascinating field for the development of preaching services in places economy and efficiency of home missions. Chriswhich cannot afford a settled minister. The use of this method also promises stimulation of lay tian agencies seek to portray the attractiveness leadership in the parts of public services other than the sermon. The use of the radio is also a of Christian ideals of life; to reveal the ethical possibility, although at present the expense and other problems raise difficulties. implications, economic obligations, personal and Cooperation with leaders in governmental and ~ocial significance of applied Christianity; in philanthropic enterprises may also be increasingly developed. County agricultural agents, su- short, to illustrate the meaning of a functioning perintendents of schools, librarians, health authorities and others make splendid allies for the faith, vitalized by an experimental knowledge of church in home mission fields. With the return in the last few years of between one and two mil- realities in the spiritual realm. The composite lions of people to the soil, rural church work assumes new significance. In many rural commu- character of such service, as well as the relative nities developments may well be in the direction of the so-called "Larger Parish" where the min- value of factors that determine the status of inistry of the church will be over an entire area and will be carried on through the activities of several dividual and collective life, must be appreciated in religious work specialists. order to justify the validity of the missionary's America can still be saved from the destruction which has overtaken other civilizations in other claim to moral and material support. Throughout ages if only we Christians do not fail to do our part to promote the Kingdom of God throughout the vast areas embraced by Continental United the land. States and her distant dependencies, home mis- Economy with Efficiency sions maintain territorial contacts and foster ac- By the REV. EDWARD DELOR KOHLSTEDT, D.D. tivities that are characterized by both home and Executive Secretary of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension, Methodist Episcopal Church foreign field environments, problems and oppor- 1"'. A MERICAN Boards of Home Missions are en- tunities. gaged in a task, altruistic in character and unattempted by other agencies, that ought Christianizing the United States is a perennial to challenge the utmost endeavors and resources of organized Christianity. This task includes the problem to the Church of Christ: changing conunselfish purpose to ensure to those living in underprivileged rural and urban communities, the ditions, migrating multitudes, pagan philosophies manifold ministries of the Christian Church. This contribution toward the enrichment of human- of life, and crime cultures of appalling propority's heart, home and community life is made pos- tions, test the material, mental and spiritual re- sources of American missionary agencies. Preva- lent economic problems, however distressing, are less disturbing than America's character crisis.

This is evidenced by unsavory revelations of our United States Senate committee hearings, in the field of finance; exploitation of the masses for selfish surpluses and the gratification of corporate greed; subtle trickeries of dress suit racketeers and the brazen effrontery of machine gun gang- sters; perversion of public office to propaganda methods that clash with the fundamentals of de- mocracy; unwarranted racial discriminations, economic and social injustice; and other trends that threaten the stability of our social structure.

It calls for arousement and action by America's Christian constituency.

The summons of an unfinished task cannot be ignored with impunity. Unmet rural and urban missionary needs must be Christianity's constant concern. Dr. John McDowell, recently Moderator of the Presbyterian General Assembly, reminds us that there are 10,000 American rural commu- nities without a Christian church, 30,000 with no resident pastor, and 13,400,000 American chil- dren under twelve years of age, receiving no reli- gious, instruction of any sort. Hundreds of rural communities and polyglot city centers throughout

WHEN HOME MISSION INCOME DROPS

this fair land are devoid of positive religious ac- Impoverished treasuries, starvation salaries, the tivities. Dr. E. R. Fulkerson, a careful inter- scarcity of facilities and supplies, the discontinupreter of social trends, sounds this note of warn- ance of justifiable projects that were nearing the ing: stage of self-support, the desertion of effective missionaries who had dedicated their lives to self- The theory of democracy is beautiful, but two funda- less service in the name of Christ, constitute a mental facts must obtain if any democracy is to stand: decidedly adverse influence upon the general work first, a working majority of the voting units must be kept of the Christian Church. In view of the fact that intelligent; second, that same working majority must be benevolence and missionary agencies are always kept moral or democracy is doomed. The danger spot in the first to suffer and the last to recover from the the United States is the city problem. Growing cities are blight of economic crises, plus the further fact holding the balance of political power. There is a studied that so large a proportion of our missionary conpurpose on the part of corrupt politics to defeat construc- tributions are appropriated toward the maintetive legislation touching moral issues. If we fail to keep nance of workers, most of whom have very our communities up to par, the very life of the nation is meager if any other sources of support, the disthreatened. advantages to be reckoned with ought to be ap- parent even to casual contributors to missions. Epworth Community Church, located in the old- The heroism of many missionaries, under these est section of Denver, Colorado, is a convincing circumstances, is illustrated by the following comexhibit of the possibilities of constructive home munication from a home missionary superintendmissionary service. Once a congested urban area ent, in response to the announcement of another of broken homes and socially destructive saloons, inevitable mid-year cut in current maintenance so lawless that twenty-nine churches closed their appropriations: doors and moved to better parts of the city, an amazing transformation of community life and I don't envy you your task of using the knife. I supspirit has been wrought by a strong Christian so- pose some of these men can walk a little farther in their cial service program, fostered by the Methodist pastoral calling. I suppose old clothes will wear a little Episcopal Board of Home Missions and Church lon~er. I have been able to help some of them by gifts Extension. This institutional church was enabled of clothing I happened upon. They will continue to borto remain in and adapt its ministries to changing row, greedily, any books that come within their reach. I community needs so that, instead of the worst, as have scattered my own library pretty widely. I suppose might be expected, this section of the city now the boys and girls can wait a year or two longer for an boasts one of the best juvenile delinquency rec- opportunity to go to college. There are some compensaords in Denver. This missionary project also tions in living among these marvelous mountains, when commands the sympathy and support of the City there are no funds for vacations. There's just no use Community Chest. going on like this, but I cannot help translating into terms of human living just what these maintenance cuts Interdenominational achievements in the field of mean. I know that, whatever happens, these men will home missions are more numerous and effective keep on. They will ride the lonesome trails. They will than the claims of partially informed critics indi- climb over the mountains and find their way out to the cate. Board secretaries are constantly checking lonely ranches. They will keep on preaching. Necessity the possibilities of closer Christian cooperation. is upon them. They will stay by the field. They will The development of joint enterprises, as well as the share with their people and keep strong in other human practice of church comity, is a continuous process. hearts the spirit of courage and hope, even when their However, not only theoretical ideals but practical own hearts are heavy. I know you will do the best you problems that require the exercise of faith and can for them. God bless you. patience, must be reckoned with: the unalterable objective of an adequate religious ministry to un- Depression values to home missions must also derprivileged communities involves much more be acknowledged, if we are ready to appraise our than a numerical reduction of denominational present missionary situation from both the negestablishments; credal convictions, denomina- ative and positive viewpoints. Certain worthtional backgrounds and loyalties cannot be while advantages have accrued that we will do changed over night; an exchange of properties is well to ponder with reference to future adminmore easily accomplished than the transfer of istrative policies and procedures. Among them, folks from one denomination to another. Never- the following may be mentioned: theless, despite delicate and difficult factors that thrust themselves into the foreground of the pic- (1) There is a greater discrimination on the ture, church comity and interdenominational home part of missionary contributors. Since more limmissionary exhibits are multiplying with remark- ited resources involve greater sacrifices, contribuable rapidity. tors are naturally more concerned about the justi- fication of such investments, hence likely to de- Depleted resources for home missions, during mand dependable data relative to the projects the past five years, have registered results that they are asked to support. While official surveys must be appraised both negatively and positively. reveal the fact that church members are the most generous givers to general philanthropies as well

as to denominational causes, current conditions essary to curtail the existing work. In the Nemake the exercise of painstaking discrimination gro and Mountaineer missions we were able to imperative and increase the likelihood of more transfer much of the educational work to the selective missionary investments. county and state. In this and other ways these expenditures were reduced from one-half to two- (2) A thorough scrutiny of projects and pro- thirds. We came to the conviction that the real posals, by missionary agencies, uninfluenced by work of a mission board is evangelistic and mismerely sentimental appeals, must be made for sionary and not secular education, to the extent similar reasons. When resources are abundant, attempted previously. there is a tendency to undertake more work than may be warranted, because of the urgency of the Work among foreigners was likewise curtailed appeals. Recent years, with their excessive exac- in extent and expense. The work among Ameritions and financial limitations, have witnessed the cans suffered severe reductions in the number of severest sifting process with reference to both stations, as well as in salaries. At first we were personnel and proj ects, within the memory of con- led to require the local fields to pay more toward temporary home mission administrators. There the missionaries' support, but we soon came to is a growing conviction that fewer but better realize that the local fields, like the Board, were projects, and not so many but adequately equipped not able to pay as before. We began to reduce our workers, will ensure more permanent missionary appropriations, at first ten per cent and then progress. another ten per cent in the presbyteries, and fif- teen per cent more in overhead and administra- (3) There is a greater determination to adapt tion. modern missionary programs to the current needs of our modern world, at home and abroad. There This experience has not been altogether a cais an evident purpose to break with purely tradi- lamity but has brought some helpful results. In tional but unfruitful types of missionary work, as church buildings, the idea has changed from putwell as with unjustifiable denominational empha- ting up a big stone church with a large appropriases; to accord a conscientious recognition of mis- tion from the central Board to the erection of a sionary responsibility in the realms of social serv- more modest edifice. Sometimes a portable chapel ice and Christian cooperation; to scan with has been the solution. In most cases the stone greater eagerness the possibilities of interdenomi- church, formerly demanded for a home mission national activity in hastening the process of local station, has disappeared at least for the immeand world wide evangelism. diate future. Some congregations, by the use of local free labor of church members, have put up Other values might be included in this sum- wonderfully fine and suitable buildings with little mary, but the matter of major moment to the cash outlay. Kingdom of God and to genuine Christian progress is the dominance of spiritual incentives in Perhaps the greatest benefit has come through the human heart, the actual enthronement of the turning of thoughts from the material equip- Jesus Christ. ment to the divine equipment required. The Cen- tenary, New Era and New World church equip- In the Present Emergency ment has been overshadowed in the thoughts of the people by the necessity of spiritual endue- By the REV. R. A. HUTCHISON, D.D. ment. "Not by might … but by my Spirit"- is becoming more and more the recognized key to Secretary of the Board of American Missions, home mission progress. United Presbyterian Church of North America Much of this change in sentiment is due to the T IKE other mission boards, we have felt what continued financial shortage during these recent L people generally call "the depression.:" In years. So long as money was plentiful there was a continued demand for larger church buildings, fact, we ha,ve detected here and there a de- thoroughly equippea with Sabbath school rooms, pression complex. In the past four years th,e in- ladies' parlors, session rooms, gymnasium, come of the Board has dropped off graduhlly 'to kitchen, Boy Scout room, and other facilities. We almost one-half what it was'before. This has,led still believe that such activities ought, if possible, to the adjustment of the work to our income. . to be provideafor in the building; we do not think of limiting the church work to the old-time one- About three years ago our Board, seeing the room building, although much of the present-day distressing situation ahead, resolved to buy no strength of the church has been developed in such more property and not to finance any new build- plain and inadequate buildings. ing involving heavy outlay until we had taken care of the salaries of missionaries. Very few Few new congregations have been organized in mission fields had any local money for such an the last three or four years but many home misundertaking. sionaries testify that the very lack of elaborate It was not long, however, before it become nec-

THE VITAL NEED OF HOME MISSIONS TODAY

equipment turns the thoughts of the pastor and All in all, the period of financial depression has, people to God as the real source of Power. Under in many cases, been marked by a wholesome, rethese conditions Sabbath schools grow in num- viving spirit. To be sure, the work has been bers, Young People's societies develop in vitality, greatly hampered. The cords have not been missionary enterprises are conducted with un- lengthened so much, even though the stakes have usual success, and enthusiasm increases for the been strengthened. In the period just before us, salvation of souls and the extension of the King- even though the Home Missions finances are not dom. Under these conditions there has also de- so large as formerly, there is ground for hope that veloped a deeper sympathy and closer cooperation the workers will press on to greater results. between the Home Mission congregations and what we usually designate as self-sustaining Our prayer is that the current of the enterprise churches. There was a period not long ago when will run even deeper than it did under former some home mission congregations were really bet- more advantageous material resources. There is ter housed and equipped and the minister more still much territory to be occupied and there is an liberally supported than a neighboring congrega- increasing desire on the part of many to enter tion which did not receive aid from Home Mission the new fields. As we face the many serious mofunds. ral and spiritual problems, we are facing a new frontier in Home Mission work.

The Vital Need of Home Missions 'Today By the REVE.asFtROArNanKgeK, INN.GJD. ON, D.D., ~ Pastor of the Calvary Methodist Church PROFESSORS Thomson and Geddes, in their In the midst of the swiftly moving vortex of our discussion of General Biology,* compare the contemporary events the Church has a tendency life of an individual organism to an arched to be rigid. This is not peculiar to it alone, but bridge, rising from a basic level to a short middle is characteristic of all institutions, for by their stretch and then descending again. There is in nature they have a tendency to inertia that reg- any living experience a continual see-saw between isters in the crystallizing of their original im- waste and repair, nutrition and reproduction, petuses into set forms. The Church exists to per- work and rest, the issue of which is that processes suade men of the supreme validity of a certain of senescence, slowly or quickly, gain on the proc- Way of Life, therefore it deals primarily with esses of rejuvenescence. These arcs of experi- ideas and methods. When ideas petrify they be- ence vary in their lengths with the many types of come dogmas and when methods set they become life, from the brief career of the summer bee to institutional machinery. A Church that worships the possible two centuries of an elephant. These certain ways of saying things and habitual meth- strangely diverse life-histories have to be inter- ods for doing its work becomes an ecclesiasticism, preted in terms of their envIronment, and Weis- i. e. a church existing as an end in itself, produc- mann has demonstrated that length of life is an ing men who are slaves of dogmas and disciplines, adaptive character, defined by the ability. of the . i. e. ecclesiastics. The Church can be saved .from or~anism to adjust itself to ~pe external condi- this harJdening of its arteries only by continually tions of its life. It is this idea upon which I would . renew~.~~.the vitality of its impulses through new lay emphasis as a source 61 illumination for any expreSSIOns .and approaches adapted to the imme- consideration of th~. yalidity of Home Missions. diate needs of its environment. It must talk the They will continue to live as they maintain abil- language of its day. It must be able to detect the ity to adapt themselves to those conditions in the vital spots of its generation's life and to minister midst of which the~ have to work. The need of to them.

Home Missions is flexibility enough to serve a We must remember, however, that the accent changing world always at the points of its great- of our speaking voices can only echo that of. our est need. inner thoughts. Unless a man's thinking of reli- • Life: Outlines of General Biology. p. 759. gion in the deep places of his own mind has the

breath of immediate reality upon it, his public for sacrificial endeavor that will produce results presentation will never be quite free from an evi- quickly seen and emotionally gratifying. dent mustiness, as of something remembered rather than presently felt. An apostle of home The eyes of a little girl in the Cumberland missions remarked in my hearing recently that Mountains look out at me from the paper as I we cannot have great missionary giving from peo- write. I saw them nearly a year ago. I have not ple whose faith means so little to them that they seen them since, nor any picture of them, but do not think it worth-while to spend money to get they never leave me. They are twisted from the message to other people. That is the heart of malnutrition and dull for lack of opportunity. She the matter. The Church will never die from the tells through their eloquent silence the whole circumference in, but its wider activities will im- heart-rending story of sections of our country mediately shrink when it begins to weaken at the swamped with poverty and gritty with disease. center. Something has died within us before our No one can love our Lord Christ and leave her to outer works reveal decline. The "dark places," her lot. Let us lay our plans for a new society, which are throwing all our missionary enterprises but not all their grandiloquence can rid us of the into the shadow, are in our own pews not in the immediate responsibility to carry food, clothing, fields themselves that call for the shedding abroad learning and inspiration to that dwarfed body and of the Light of the Gospel of Christ. The current starved heart. reticence of the Church is a startling symptom of its own poverty. This, however, may be just as That Submerged Tenth definitely the result of our failure to come to grips with the actual issues of our day as of a peculiar In these United States, one cannot recall those inability' to catch the inner imperative of a com- who are without the good opportunities for a full manding communion with Christ. To this aspect experience without remembering, with a kind of of the question, therefore, we will turn our minds, dull ache of the spirit that is never quite comseeking to find whether we are actually giving our forted, that submerged tenth of our population religion a virile work-out on the sinewy giants shut off from an equitable share in our opportunioppressing the spirits of men now or are only ties because of a skin black with the light of many shadow-boxing with the ghosts of yesterday's suns. If we come in the spirit of our Master we tyrants. come not to be ministered unto by these fellow- humans but to minister to them, and that means a What are we trying to do in home missions? filling up at once of the lack that is in their com- The answer is that we are trying to Christianize munities.

our own country. But just what does that mean? Similarly one might write of those centers of population where men are herded into incongru- Does it mean that we are working to produce a ous medleys of race and tongue without either hope or beauty. There is an urgency about the land of inhabitants who are so devoted to hymn- Spirit of God that cannot put off the pressing cry singing that they substitute by popular demand, for help. Here, again, we must come, and at once, "Are you washed in the blood of the Lamb 7" for or every vile trade that flourishes on human weak- "Who's afraid of the big, bad wolf?" Incidentally ness will hold undisputed sway. perhaps, but not as the full dispensation of the Day of the Lord. A Christian country, presum- Besides these are those places where something ably, means one in which all the agencies of so- other, and less, than the religion of Jesus Christ ciety are in a grand conspiracy to help every in- is taught as the most excellent of ways. We candividual in all his relationships to realize the most not sit idly by while fellow-citizens of ours hear glorious possibilities that are in him. only of some second-best. In His footsteps, Who came not to destroy but to fulfill, we try to walk Now, suppose we should ask ourselves, as if we out to every last home that has not been lighted were looking at our country for the first time from by the radiance of His presence. such a point of view, where the most unchristian areas in our experience are, what should we say? These are areas of need as plain to perceive as a field white unto harvest ready for the skill of Stop here and write your own answer to the ques- the reaper; and it is n~tural that, throughout a ' period that -took for granted the fundamental tion. It will probably be n~arer the truth than premises of our social philosophy, our home mismine. It is sure to be of more value to you per- sions program should be directed mainly to them. sonally for it will reveal those places at which you Yet we may develop expert techniques for dealing can probably s~rve men most effectively. with these specific groups and still leave our ma- jor objective unserved. The critical places are The answer that at once suggests itself is a those where the power of this country is actually geographic one. There are certain places that centered. can be located on a map where men have fewer chances for the best in life than they have elsewhere. Obviously, there are here fields that call

Unless we can put the Spirit of Jesus in com- A similar anaylsis of the race situation in mand of the enterprises that set the conditions of North America will bring us to the same sort of our lives, whether our state be controlled by pro- conclusion. The Negro problem is in the white letarian or plutocrat, we shall fall short of devel- man's heart. It is created, not by the physical oping a Christian country. Our warfare is against fact of the existence of groups of black men, but the world rulers of this darkness, the enthrone- by the attitude of the dominant group who main- ment of selfishness in high places. The extra re- tain such an organization of life as to precipitate sponsibility of our day arises from the fact that it. The Negroes seem exotic to us because we the conflicting interests inherent in the present have a view of life that allows some human beings organization of our social experience are so to seem to us to be other than we are.

plainly dramatized by the obvious inequalities Into every discussion of human affairs there they produce. The world in which we live is at comes sooner or later the spirit of nationalism enmity with the Christian ideal because those loaded with dynamite. In a recent discussion of ideas that control the citadels of effective power statesmanship, that takes full account in a rev- among us are essentially pagan. They are such erent spirit of religion as a factor in human af- as tyrannize over the minds of men instead of fairs, one Of our own most intelligent statesmen setting them free. has written almost incidentally, "Closing down The areas of life that are so finally unchristian some factories would be of grave national con- as to poison our whole experience are not geo- cern, not only because of the resulting unemploy- graphical but ideal. Home missions, therefore, ment, but also because some factories are needed without paralyzing their ministry to the obvious in time of war." * The interesting fact about that dire needs must recognize and come to grips with reference to war is that it is so casual. It takes these intangible but powerful forces of injustice, it for granted. That attitude is characteristic of or else abandon their main end and be satisfied the thinking of the world. At this moment it is with a secondary one. We must change the mind being emphasized by the growth of Fascism, tar- of our generation or pass on to the next a world iffs, international armaments and the discredit of essentially unchanged. This does not mean that the League of Nations. By any reckoning a nar- we shall cease to serve the outcast, but that we row patriotism is opposed to that human brother- frankly recognize that our chief, and much more hood which is a distinctive insight of the Chris- difficult, task is to persuade men that the Spirit of tian view. Yet here it is as a dominant psycho- Christ can be enthroned where the character of logical factor underlying our human affairs.

our life is really defined. The hurdle which stands Along with these influences in our life we must in the way of our having a Christian land is the put the growth of the idea of determinism in its tacit assumption of conventional points of view various interpretations. The economists of the that mould our destiny by unchristian motives extreme right expound theories of economic laws which work out to practices that divide rather which work impersonally and to which we must than unite men's interests. adjust ourselves if we are to succeed, while the We begin, for example, by accepting the idea Marxians to the left insist with equal fervor upon that the goods of life belong to those who have their own kind of materialistic determinism. Ours material wealth. The easy objection to this may is a world of law, we are told, and so the condi- spring from nothing more than envy, but the tions of life work themselves out regardless of our more searching argument is that such a state of control, free-will being a sort of major illusion.

affairs produces the dual effect of economic ex- That we can understand the forces that move us ploitation and a distribution of power -on the basis but cannot control them is the basic idea of secu- of other than socially useful considerations. Chilo larism in all its manifestations. It cuts the nerve- dren are born into communities where they. are centres of high enterprise and leaves men at the deprived of a chance to live a normal life be- mercy of their baser passions of greed and com- cause it is to the economic advantage of those bat.

controlling them that such a state of things shall When we think about home missions going up continue. Every fifth child in the United States against these ideas we are conscious of two points is undernourished, not because we are a nation of tension. One is institutional and the other so- without compassion, but because men seeking cial in the wider sense. Our traditional ways of profits are thereby inoculated against the consid- doing missionary work have made no place· f{)r eration of the social results of their policies. By such considerations as these, therefore all the every standard of the Gospel this is anti-Chris- forces of inertia will suspect us when we intro- tian, yet it will persist as long as we leave the fun- duce them. It will be hard to persuade supporting damental premise unquestioned. Poverty exists churches that these are legitimate areas for mis- because men work and profit by a philosophy that sionaryactivity. Even when we have swung them makes human welfare a secondary consideration. • "America Must Choose," by Secretary Henry A. Wallace. p. 18.

to our point of view we shall be facing a still more ing men acquainted with the long story of human potent difficulty for we shall find the churches at thought and able to bring the fundamental Chrisodds with the social complex in the midst of which tian point of view to expression without rancor or special pleading in such a way as to win the they must live and from which they must draw consent of minds that are being continually sub- jected to other ways of looking at the world and their support. Some men will say that we "are its problems of conduct. We are under obligasubversive and dangerous. Nevertheless, the tion to bring the profoundest thought of which simple fact remains that we cannot bring forth a we are capable to its most excellent expression as Christian nation without getting at these roots of a guide to the minds of men. our unchristian practices with their inhumane consequences. As is indicated by the above illustration of the Communists we need also evangelists of brother- What I am suggesting is that we must map our hood. The extraordinary complexity of our curhome missions programs in terms of the intellec- rent life is continually creating situations that tual climates in which men live as well as of the call for applications of the Christian ethic in pracphysical conditions of their experiences. Into the tical ways. The average Christian would apprechaos of contemporary thinking we must set our- ciate guidance in meeting his own adjustments selves the task of injecting a statesmanship of and, if given it, would thereby become a much the mind which can discern where the crucial more powerful factor for righteousness. We owe points of influence are and bring the resources of to ourselves, and to the society of which we are a our interpretation to bear upon them. Commu- part, the best collective expression we can give nism, for example, is not merely the philosophy of to what Christian brotherhood actually means. a limited but regimented minority party; it is also a moral and intellectual force, some phases of In the same field of action we are in need of which are distinctly on the side of our ideals, but evangelists of racial justice. When certain Neothers of which are in confiict with us. Take, as groes, charged with crime, were being tried rean instance, its treatment of the Negroes in the cently they were helped by various groups in our United States. When the Communists meet they American community, but no professedly Chrisinsist on the same treatment being given the col- tian agency was on hand to aid them in getting a ored members of their conventions in the hotels just trial. What a dramatization of the Chris- tian spirit it would have been if an able lawyer and elsewhere as is given the white members.* had been commissioned in the name of our Lord and by His people to secure an absolutely fair Let a group of church people meet, however, and hearing to these men whose condition was dithe whites use one set of hotels while the colored rectly chargeable to the inequities of our society delegates use another. In other words, the prac- itself! This same sort of practice could be aptice of those officially charged with the work of plied to many local events and to some that in- Christ's Church is less Christian at this point than volve the dealings of great nations with small. is that of those who disclaim all religious loyalties. Yet this kind of action is precisely the kind that There are subtle forces, deeply seated in acis most determinative in producing ultimate so- cepted practices and places of power, that must cial change. be overcome if we are to produce countries fit to be called Christian. A home mission program Such situations are many and seem to indicate that meets the immediate needs arising out of those areas in which our home mission leadership current social practices is useful and appealing must set itself the triple task of changing the but it stops with scratching the surfaces of our mind of the Church itself, of developing tech- paganisms. A program that is really to change our niques of social conduct conformable to the mind world must build itself in terms of changing funof Christ and of aggressively meeting situations damEmtal attitudes. In other words, we must reprecipitated by the applied vision of organized capture the stirring expectation of conversion in groups working to their own ends. human experience. Men must be regenerated in a way that will affe«t all the relationships of their To capture the imaginations of certain power- lives, both personal and social. It is a big demand. ful groups we need evangelists of the Christian But who would expect such a one as Jesus Christ philosophy. I mean by this men definitely set to ask us for little deeds? aside by the church to specialize in ideas, brood- • The Student Volunteers fOT Foreign Missions and many other Christian organizations Insist on the same equality of treatment.- EDITOR.

A Better Day Coming for China?

The Proposed New Chinese Constitution and Its Significance to Christian Progress By DR. COURTENAY H. FENN, New York Recording Secretary, Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T HE latest of a long series of "drafts" of a of Evangelical Christianity, which they have permanent constitution for the Republic of adopted for themselves and would gladly see all China was made public on March 1, 1934. China adopt. Many other high officials in the The others have represented evolutionary stages Nanking Government also realize that all of in the development of one of the greatest political China's cultural inheritance together 'fill not experiments of the age, the attempt to create a serve to make her a stable republic or a great na- bona fide republic out of an aged and decrepit tion without the backbone of a true religious monarchy, absolute in name though rather an oli- faith. As providing the essential conditions for garchy in fact. Among the largest nations of the such a development in a constitutionally regulated world in area and far the largest in population, society and political system, this latest draft con- China's experiment seemed almost fantastically stitution should make a distinct contribution to futile in view of the fact that ninety-five per cent China's "Better Day."

of her four hundred million people could neither This new constitution for the Republic has been read nor write. Many confidently predicted, from in preparation by the Legislative Yuan, one of the the proclamation of the republic in 1911-12, that five departments of the existing government, for it would prove a dismal failure, a republic only about a year. Authorized by the Fourth National in name, establishing-if it really established any- Congress of the governing People's party, the thing-a tyranny of temporarily dominant mili- Kuomintang, it is now offered for general criti- tary leaders under a banner of license rather than cism before final revision and adoption by a Na- of liberty, with an exploiting and down-treading tional People's ConventiQll called for March, 1935.

of the common people even worse than that of the It follows the National Reconstruction Program Manchu Empire which had just been overthrown. of Dr. Sun Yat Sen, and is expected to bring to an According to unfriendly neighbors and even end the period of "political tutelage," and to es- some of her friends, this pessimistic prediction tablish a real democracy.

has been too sadly fulfilled in the twenty-two The constitution contains 160 articles in nine years of the Chinese Republic's history. Civil chapters. The Republic is to be based on Dr.

wars under many leaders, several attempts to re- Sun's "Three People's Principles" of National Sov- store the monarchy, both sporadic and organized ereignty, Popular Liberty, and People's Liveli- banditry, sectional jealousies, personal animosi- hood. The territory of China can only be changed ties, conflicting ideals, radical theories, selfish with the consent of the People's Congress. The gain-seekings, have combined to impede the prog- people's rights are limited by their duties, which ress and prevent the success of the new Republic are to meet the needs of the social order and the to a greater degree even than the unneighborly public welfare. The endeavor of the drafters has aggressions of other nations, which have pro- been to swing to no extremes, but to provide for fessed considerate friendliness but practiced popular self-government under a president and ruthless enmity. other officials with definitely limited powers.

This responsibility for failure has been frankly One of the editors of the "Bulletin of China's acknowledged by some of China's most thoughtful Foreign Relations," published by the Interna- and influential leaders, who have demonstrated tional Relations Club of Nanking, comments: their unselfish patriotism in their courageous ad- It is probably wise to adopt only moderate principles vocacy of thoroughgoing reforms. None of for the improvement of political, economic and social life China's leaders are more earnest or consistent re- of the country. China will have to overcome enormous formers than that prominent official and military difficulties before a permanent condition can be firmly commander-in-chief, General Chiang Kai-shek, established. The people must be thoroughly educated in the exercise of their constitutional rights and duties. and Madame Chiang, both of whom see China's Faithful and competent officials, particularly impartial one hope of salutary reform in the faith and life and authoritative judges, must be appointed to apply and [858 ]

interpret the various provisions of the new constitution. research and inventions and shall protect historic After all, the leaders of the Central Government must remains. fully realize the significance of a constitution and be rea?y to uphold it whenever there is an attempt to destroy Its Chapter V provides that each district or mu- authority. nicipality shall elect one delegate to the National Congress by "universal, equal, direct and un- The constitution establishes Nanking as the named suffrage" of all Chinese citizens over 20 national capital and the national flag is to be made years of age'; those over 25 years being also eligiup of a red background with a blue sky and white ble for election to office. Congress shall meet trisun in the upper left corner. It declares all per- ennially for one month, to elect or recall the presisons of Chinese nationality citizens and all citizens equal before the law, irrespective of sex, dent or vice-president and the members and of- ficers of the Executive, Legislative, Judicial, Exrace, religion, caste or vocation. It assures to all amination and Control Yuans (Departments), to liberty in accordance with the law, a prompt and initiate legislation, adopt or amend the constitujust trial when accused, freedom of association and assembly, of speech and publication, of pri- tion and consider problems submitted by the Navacy of correspondence and liberty in religious tional Government. The functions of the membelief. It guarantees the right of private prop- bers terminate with adjournment, before which they elect a People's Committee of 21 members, erty, of petition, of election, of competition for civil service. It requires of all the duties of pay- with ten alternates, all to be over 45 years of age ing taxes and of performing military service and and distinguished for service rendered the nation. They are to hold no concurrent posts, but act as public labor when necessary to preserve public in- the National Congress ad interim, or call a proterests or safety. visional Congress for special emergencies. Chapter III sets forth Dr. Sun Yat Sen's eco- Chapter VI defines the relations of the central nomic system, "to ameliorate the production, dis- and local governments. The Central Government, tribution and consumption of wealth so as to ef- among many other usual powers, is to have confect the sufficiency of the people's livelihood." trol of the naval, military and air forces, which The land is to belong to the people as a whole, are to be conscripted and trained in accordance and persons having the right to ownership of with law. It has the power to declare war, make lands shall bear the obligation of using such lands. peace and conclude treaties. Mines and natural forces are to belong to the na- According to Chapter VII, the president and tion, and increases of value not due to labor and the five Yuans shall be responsible to the Nacapital are to be publicly shared through the col- tional Congress. Any citizen over 45 years of age lection of a tax. There are to be income and in- may become president or vice-president for one heritance taxes, a rational system for the distri- or two terms of six years. The president is to bution of profits and the limitation of interest and represent the Republic in foreign relations. The rentals. Prices of necessities are to be regulated functions and interrelations of the five Yuans are and cooperative enterprises encouraged. The la- too intricate to be set forth here, except as indibor of women and children is to be limited and cated by their names. The function of the Exprotected. Reliefs and pensions are to be pro- amination Yuan corresponds somewhat to that of vided for those who have suffered in military or the Board of Censors under the Imperial Govcivil service. The State is to provide for land ernment. It is to determine by means of examireclamation, farm credits, grain conservation, ag- nation, (1) The qualification of public functionricultural education, improved living conditions aries for appointment; (2) Their qualification for and extensive road building. candidacy, (3) The qualification of professional In Chapter IV provision is made for an equal and technical experts. The functions of the Con- opportunity in education, the aims of which shall trol Yuan, whose fifty (or less) members are to be "the cultivation of higher personality, promo- be distributed on the basis of locality, character tion of living ability and nurture of healthy citi- and scholarship, are to conduct audits and serve zens." All children are to receive free education, as the highest supervisory organ of the National and special adult education is to be offered. All Government. Thus far these last two Yuans, pro- public and private schools shall be subject to the vided also in previous provisional constitutions, State and carryon its educational policies. The have been little in evidence. The Executive Yuan central government's expenditure on education has exercised most government functions.

shall not be less than 15% of its total budget and According to Chapter VIII, Provincial Coun- that of cities and districts not less than 3070 of cils, composed of a popularly elected member the local budget. The state shall encourage and from each district or municipality, serving for help with grants successful private schools. All three years, are to be convoked semiannually for schools shall offer scholarships and prizes to help one month, to elect a governor from among five the deserving needy. The state is to encourage nominees of the National Government, adopt a

BALUBA MEDICINE AND RELIGION

budget, propose provincial bills to the Legislative The intervening years have witnessed a great Yuan and pass provincial ordinances. No active advance in every aspect of religious liberty save military man may be a candidate for governor. one, in which such liberty has been more circum- scribed than before. In education "religious free- Chapter IX concerns itself with District and dom" has been interpreted as freedom from Municipal government. The local magistrates are religion, rather than freedom for religion. Chito be elected by the people and serve for three nese educationalists have undertaken to separate years, the passing of civil service examinations education completely from religion, especially in being requisite for candidacy. District Assem- the case of children under fifteen or sixteen years blies will number from 9 to 17 members, self- of age. There is nothing in the new draft congoverning Municipal Assemblies from 11 to 29 stitution which changes this interpretation so as members, the functions of both being defined in to give private schools full liberty to teach relithe draft. gion and maintain worship in all grades. The Christian Church asks no preferential treatment A tenth chapter deals with the process of but hopes that, in the course of time, the full reliamendment and related matters. gious liberty and universal education promised in the new constitution will be so liberally inter- Any "Better Day" for China should include the preted and administered as not only to promote establishment of true religious liberty. This seems national unity and stability, but also to further to be guaranteed by the proposed new constitu- the work of the missions and the Church in estabtion. Twenty years ago, when the Republic's first lishing China's "Better Day" on the only sure constitution was drafted, discussion waxed hot foundation of enlightened morality inspired by over a demand for such liberty. Christians, Bud- strong faith in the only living and true God. dhists, Taoists and Mohammedans joined together to defeat the Confucianists, who insisted that their system be adopted as the "national religion."

Baluba Medicine and Religion* By ONAR HARTZLER, Kabongo, Belgian Congo THE Baluba tribe situated on the sources of cost anywhere from a few cents to twelve or thir- the Katanga Province of the Belgian Congo, teen dollars. As the highest paid workers get has many kinds of bwanga or medicine. They little more than two dollars a month, a person also call the secret societies bwanga, but the real may easily pay half a year's wages on a little medicine is that made by the nanga or doctor. medicine which may be of some help psycho- logically but whose help physically is worse than One kind of medicine is called the lusengo nothing. They take some of this medicine in (loosayngo) . This is the horn of a small antelope sacks and bury it in front of their houses in a kite filled with dirt, sweat, fingernails, hair, skin and (keetay) to keep the spirits away from the house. other filth, said to be consecrated by the doctor. These are protection only to the person who made One kind of fetish is the small figure of a womor bought them. The large horns are kept in the an with the arms akimbo. If a man leaves his houses, and are licked before eating. This, they wife on a trip or vice versa, the one remaining believe, makes them immune to any poison that keeps this fetish. They believe that it tells them might have been put in the food by an enemy. whether the absent one is behaving himself or not. The small horns are put on strings about the neck Another kind is called the bwanga bwa ntambo, of the owners, or in their very curly hair. These or lion medicine, a concoction bound in the skin of are believed to be safeguards against bodily ill- a young lion or leopard in the shape of a horn. ness. In the large end is placed a piece of wood from which four or five horns are protruding. When Another kind is the kihudji (keehohdjee) which the people want protection they put one finger in is a small nut shell filled with the same general the open end of the horn, and then lick the finger. concoction as the horns. These are strung about the body and are also for the purpose of guarding Another medicine is called the bwanga bwa against illness. The many kinds of medicine mbo, buffalo medicine. This is made to the accalled bwanga are bought from the doctor and companiment of chanting, yelling, dancing and the beating of tom-toms. If a man has this medi- * From the South A/rica Missionary Advocate.

cine he believes that he and his gun are invisible. lewd performances, it is still harder. Many of To belie this, however, a few months ago, a man their customs are all right but many more of them who had a lot of this medicine was killed by a are wholly wrong. We teach them to regard those buffalo. that are good and replace the evil ones with Chris- The methods of curing are almost as primitive, tian customs. The difference between the face usually consisting of a string bound between the of a Christian and that of an ordinary man is very sick member and the heart as tight as possible. striking, for the face of the former is filled w~th They have some herbs, but they use these very joy and peace, while that of the latter is filled wIth rarely, and usually only for the trial by ordeal. fear, the fear of death.

The villagers believe there is no natural de.ath.

They say that if anyone dies, someone has kIlled CHRIST COMING TO THE CONGO him. As soon as someone dies, all his relatives Life is very full in Congo BeIge. The inter- come together and begin to yell and scream, thus change of ideas is batHing. All the books prepared supposedly expressing their grief for the~r be- for use at home are not at all suitable for Cong0 loved (?) relative. If anyone does not do thIS, the schools. Not only must everything be translated death of the deceased person is placed at his door. -that would be comparatively simple-but there If everyone cries, the nearest. relatives go to the is little that is useful when it is translated, be- witch-doctor and constrain him to receive their cause its whole background is incomprehensible present of a chicken and consult the forefathers. to a native reader. The witch-doctor then takes his bag of bones, and by throwing them makes them fall in conjunction Curiously enough, they have a compensating ad- to one another. Then he says that because they vantage over us in their understanding of the fell in a certain way, such and such a man has Bible-or parts of it. Life in ancient Judea was killed the relative. The man so pointed out has much more akin to their customs than to any- to pay a large fine, or be killed. Into this enters thing we can conceive of in comfortable modern the trial by ordeal. Of course, the witch-doctor America. The moral problems of the Old Testagets the lion's share of the price paid. This belief ment are their problems, and the religious back- of the blood revenge and blood price is almost the ground of Israel is only a step removed from their same as that of the desert Arabs. traditions. Proverbs are as significant to them as to the Hebrews, and the man who has one for At the crossroads, and at the boundaries of every occasion is the winner of every argument. the cheffries, is usually placed a pile of grass, upon New Testament life was more complicated than which each traveler drops his blade of grass, as that of their fathers, but its counterpart is taka wish for good luck along the road. ing form about them now, and Christ points the only road of hope for them today as He did to His The people have quite a few names for God. own generation. They have many stories of the creation. The m?st credited one is that Leza (layzah>. created all In- The teaching of the Gospels is the most fasanimate things, and then Shakapanga came along cinating and thrilling adventure of the day. Their and created all animals and men but he left them questions are eager and will not be denied. So to the mercy of the spirits of the dead. We Chris- we study together to reach the fullest understandtians show them that Leza and Shakapanga are ing, and new meanings come to us daily as we one person and that He has been with them all work. For example: here is the parable of the the time. Other titles are Budangulu, the gath- grain of mustard seed, that unknown species erer of the hills; Vidye Mukulu, the Original which grew so big that it overshadowed all the Lord; Nkungwabanze; Kapole Mwine Bantu, the plants in the garden. They told me of a kind of Holy Lord of Men, Kapinanmwanabo. Most of pepper plant which grows like that in their these names have no exact equivalent in English. gardens. But what is the meaning? I had always thought of that marvelous plant as signifying Many people h~ve a small hut about two feet how God's kingdom is to fill the whole world. But high in front or at the back of their houses. They they reminded me that those seeds in the parables say that the spirits of their fathers dwell there were planted in the heart, and so we came to' this and when they want to worship or pacify them, sense of the- parable, that as the plant overthey make some mush in the evening, and take it shadowed everything in the garden, so does the to the hut. There they build a small fire, chanting Kingdom, when it has taken root in the heart, all the while. Then they put the mush in front grow to be the biggest thing there, overshadowing of the hut, crying Tata! Tata! Father! Father! every thought and purpose, every seedling idea After chanting another song they go away.

It is these beliefs and superstitions that we and every nurtured plan. have to fight against. It is a very long work and slow, and with new secret societies coming in with GEORGE W. CARPENTER, Baptist Mission, Kimpese, via Matadi.

W. ABEL INTERVIEWING A PAPUAN CHRISTIAN HELPER. AT

From Darkness to Light in Papua A Review of the "Life of Charles W. Abel, of Kwato"*-Forty years in the South Seas -1~-=-=-=-=_BY-=D_EL_A_V_A_N=-L'_P_IE_R_S_O_N-=-=-=-=~Ir- M UCH has recently been written about New oneers as William G. Lawes, Samuel MacFarlane Guinea-or Papua as it is called to dis- and James Chalmers. With the last of these mis- tinguish it from the Dutch half of this sionaries Charles Abel was associated for eleven great, unexplored island. The savage life of the years before Chalmers was killed and eaten by the people of the interior furnishes an interesting and cannibals thirty years ago. Abel was himself picturesque theme for travelers and anthropolo- a unique character and had'an unusual career. He gists. The rich vari~ty of products, including gold, added an important chapter to missioriary history rare woods, and unusual fauna and flora, have and proved that by the power of Christ cannibals made it a fascinating field for the study of natural and children of cannibals can be transformed into history; and the social life, superstitions and cus- intelligent, friendly and useful men, and women.

toms of these isolated primitive people have been The dangers and difficulties thatAbel encountered a fruitful theme for such writers as Margaret and overcame show the heroic ' stuff of which he Mead, J. H. Holmes, W. J. V. Saville, Wm. E. was made. Moreover, he took with him a 'young Bromilow, A. R. Pratt and others. bride to this forbidding field where her courage The missionary history of New Guinea has been and practical common sense helped to make her enlivened by the thrilling experiences of such pi- husband's work more effective and saved many a Fle•m"iCnhgaHrl.esRWev,elAl bCeol. ofNKewwaYtoo,r"k.by1R93u4s.sellCoWpi.eAs boefl.thi8s svtor.on$g2a.0n0d. critical situation. sthtierroinffgicebioofgrtahpehMy ImSSaIOyNbAeRYorRdEeVreIEdWthOroFugTHh EanWyORbLoDo.kseller or from The famous Chalmers, ·the Great Heart of New GUl'nea, or "Tamate" as he was called by the na- [357 ]

tives, wrote to Mrs. Abel (referring to her hus- In this story we learn not only how a successful band): "I met him two years ago, and he sus- Christian mission was first started among untained all I had heard about him. I am astonished friendly savages, but we see how it developed and at your fearlessness in having him, only I fancy became a civilizing influence which reached far he is worth taming. I have always had a liking into the interior. The Papuans are divided into for wild savages myself! They are worth looking many languages and tribes; the chief occupation after, and then there is, as you will experience in of the men formerly was warfare, with the makyour undertaking hereafter, the joy of seeing ing of weapons and war canoes, while the women them tamed, meek and lowly, and in a proper state cultivated their gardens. They had little or no of mind!" religious belief but were, and still are, weighed down with fear and superstition. Sorcery is held A PAPUAN WAR CANOE responsible for many deaths. While their morals are low in their primitive state, their tribal laws It seems strange that, after forty years among and customs which guide conduct make an interthe primitive people of New Guinea (Papua), esting sociological study. The Christian Papuans with many thrilling experiences and dangers are a lovable people, have great mechanical abilamong cannibals and warring tribes, this noble ity, a remarkable ear for music and a deep sense missionary should finally meet his death by a blow of gratitude for kindness. from a speeding motor car in the outskirts of London. But Abel had lived his life and had done Abel sometimes questioned whether he was wela work such as few men can look back upon. His come among these people as a representative of wife, his two sons and two daughters are now Christ and was tempted to discouragement, but carrying on with remarkable success in the same he showed his true spirit when he wrote: field in the South Seas. "In those early days of my work I often had the This biography of Charles Abel, by his younger miserable feeling, which was more than a susson is a stirring story. It begins with the account picion, that I was forcing myself upon people of his boyhood in England; takes the youth where I was not wanted. However, there was no through some severely testing times among the doubt in my mind, as I looked about me upon that Maoris and "gum diggers" in New Zealand in the heathen community, that, little as I was wanted, pioneer days; carries him back, fully awakened, I was sorely needed; and I remembered how often to complete his studies in an English college and my Master must have been tolerated where He then describes his checkered, and often exciting, was not welcomed." career through forty years in Eastern Papua. A PAPUAN VILLAGE SCENE Abel himself had an ambition to go out to the mission field as a lay worker, rather than as an How Abel gained the friendship of these savordained missionary of the London Missionary ages is told in this biography: Society. As he says in one of his letters: There is no doubt that the missionary's fearless espousal "I did my best to join the society as a layman; of justice did much to establish Abel in the eyes of the and although I see now that, all things considered, natives. They could not doubt his disinterested friendit was best for me to come as a qualified "Rever- ship. They refused to think of him, as in one case it was end," I strongly protest, however, against my use- pointedly suggested concerning a venerable veteran misfulness and influence being limited in any degree sionary, that perhaps the reason he had come so far afield by that title. My ordination to the work of a mis- was that his own country would not have him! sionary to a savage people should bear with it no disqualification to engage in any necessary work "When I saw Taubada face revolvers pointed by his for Christ's sake. Nothing in His Name can sec- own angry countrymen, in order to speak out for some ularize me. If I am true to my great trust-the Papuans, I knew he was truly our friend," testified an conversion and uplifting of my people-whatever old native eye-witness of an incident at the mines. Walkwork I touch is spiritualized. I would gladly re- ing through the forest many years later in the same vinounce my ordination so that I might be free to cinity, Abel came suddenly upon a party of women at a put forth all my energies in Christ's service." bend in the track. The women immediately threw down their burdens and vanished into the surrounding scrub. One of the mission carriers cried out: "It is not a white man, it is only a missionary!" As he repeated this information the women began to reappear, shamefaced and embarrassed.

FROM DARKNESS TO LIGHT IN PAPPA

"Oh, Taubada, we thought you were a white man!" they "It is the poverty of the material we have to work upon apologized. in a country like this which creates the need for an in- dustrial auxiliary to our mission …… We have robbed The character of Charles Abel stands out clear- the people of an incentive to much work. Are we going ly, not by laudatory adjectives which his son and to supply them with no other incentive, or are we to be others might have used to describe him, but by satisfied in letting Christianity take root in the inertia the story of deeds he performed and the letters he which it has created?" wrote revealing his innermost soul. He had rare and practical good sense, deep religious faith, a He had the conviction, which many are today definite vision for the Papuans, remarkable cour- voicing, that too much paraphernalia and too age, a wonderful capacity for friendship and an elaborate ideas are pressed upon such primitive irresistible sense of humor which enlivened even people so that Western standards are often conthe most gloomy and trying situations. This sense fused with Christian ideals. Referring to housing of humor often illuminates the pages of the biog- difficulties on the mission field, Abel wrote: raphy. "Let us remember that the Lord's work is in more than buildings; it is in the hearts of our people, and perhaps He sees that we had better do deeper work before we go so far ahead with the material things. There is so much emphasis put upon service, charities, and machinery in the Christian world today that you do fight a bit shy of too much paraphernalia."

A WATER VILLAGE AT PORT MORESBY He had no desire to foist on the Papuans a spu- rious civilization. One of his aims as a mission- He was a man who did not know how to ac- ary is revealed in another letter: knowledge defeat in any work that he believed was the work of God and that he was called upon "1 don't think God means me to leave these people to to do. He appealed to his own Papuan boys to flounder into a form of civilization which is grotesque and stand by him in a very difficult task of transform- spurious, but feeling as 1 do, and seeing as 1 do, 1 must ing a pestilential swamp into a wholesome athletic use my influence in directing them to a new condition of field. We read: life which is healthy and sound and progressive …… "

Loyally, and for his sake entirely, they went at their One of the difficulties in Papua is that many work with a will, though it seemed a hopeless proposition languages and dialects are spoken over a comwith the tiny handful of workers left to battle with it. paratively small area. Abel learned several of "We are laying the foundations of character," wrote their these languages but worked chiefly in Suau. He leader, while we lay the foundations of a large model translated much of the Bible for these people and village upon the swamp ……the work is moral as well the difficulties encountered are revealed in an as manual." early extract from his journal, at the time of his first attempts. He was first of all an ambassador of Christ but he realized the necessity for giving the primitive THE MEMORIAL HOUSE OF PRAYER AT KWATO people not only elementary education, but also for preparing the people for honest, useful lives "Translating all the evening. 1 approached the Sermon by teaching suitable industries to take the place on the Mount again with a feeling of great awe. 1 spent of their dances, heathen feasts and savage war- more than an hour over the phrase "poor in spirit" with fare. He wrote: McLaren's sermon in mind. There is no equivalent in Suau, of course, but a language formed, as this so often "We ought to be willing, if necessary, to strike out on is, of words made up of a sentence, gave Dageola and me altogether new lines. We should be prepared to abandon an answer to our special prayer in arriving at, 8e nuacherished ideas as to what constitute the duties of mis- tudobidobiuioidi' literally, "those who think themselves sionaries placed as we are …… Weare not here to make down." It impiies humility; it is an act of self-belittlesavages religious. Weare here to make these weak, ment. It will be easy to read poverty of spirit into this foolish, superstition-bound people, strong Christian men. term. 1 am delighted with the discovery." We shall have to come much more in touch with the life of these people, outside our strictly spiritual work, befor~ The results of these forty years of heroic servwe shall succeed in this. We shall have td come down ice were rewarding, for savages were transformed to that level in which we find them so full of sorcery and fighting and immoral dancing, and supplement our great message, and make our religious work a real thing by meeting them in the common affairs of their daily life."

At another time Abel wrote to his missionary colleagues, in defense of his views on industries:

into earnest, witnessing Christians. One incident WHEN FUNUSUI WAS SICK* is related as follows: We thank God for the high spiritual tone in the Abel had occasion to speak strongly to the Christian One Pusu school (Solomon Islands, South Sea Papuans and to chide theml for their failure to live up to Evangelical Mission). Christian ideals. His words bore traces of disappointment. The meeting was being held just before a communion The other night a big Kwara'ae man named service. When Abel had finished speaking Daniela, a one Funusui came to have a verse of Scripture ex- time war-like savage chief of Lilihoa, rose to his feet and plained to him. He told his life story, and I was said: amazed to find that he had been a Christian for only one year. His brother was the big /ata'abu "Your words are true, Taubada, and we hear them. (witch doctor) of his district, and he (Funusui) But remember that we are very weak. We do not forget what God has done for us. There are scars on my body that Paolo of Logea (and he pointed to another chief was to have become a witch doctor also. He bewho had turned to Christ) inflicted," yet now he is my came very sick, and his people offered sacrifices brother for we are one in Christ. A few years ago I of pigs to their akalos (evil spirits). The spirit sought for vengeance and yearned for Paolo's life. I had told the /ata'abu that Funusui would be betcaptured and ate his people as he did mine, and as he ter in six days, but he still continued very sick. did my wife. See the change today for we shall soon kneel together and remember how Christ died for us. Be- He said in his Pidgin English: cause He died, there is no malice in my heart. Weare brothers." "Me countim every day make six; now me no get better, and me say, which way devil gammon Russell Abel, the author of this stirring life long me all same?"

story, was born in New Guinea about thirty years During his illness he thought a great deal about ago. There he was educated by his mother in the the little he had heard of the Gospel, and decided midst of primitive surroundings, without schools that if he could get to a Christian village he might or contacts with the emoluments and advantages get well. Some heathen who lived near by, at that of so-called civilization. With only a year or two time made a big feast, to which he knew some of additional schooling in Australia, he prepared Christian men would go to preach, so he sent a for college and was graduated from Cambridge small boy there to ask a certain Christian relative University, England, in 1928, having specialized of his to come and see him. Under God's hand in science and anthropology. When a student in this relative was there doing the Lord's work, the university, his father, who was always a vital and, of course, came to visit Funusui. The Chrisforce in his children's lives, showed that he under- tian pleaded with him to come to "school," and stood the subtlety of intellectual pitfalls and was to accept Christ. not afraid to sound a warning note. He wrote to his son: "All right," replied Funusui, "you Christian men come tomorrow, and take me go."

"Most anthropologists seem to be men without any But his own brother, the witch doctor, had de- spiritual vision. I expect you will hear a lot of things on cided that as Funusui was going to die, he would this subject which would make our precious faith look like him to die in his house, so he sent men to get foolish. . . . .. "Hold fast to that which is good." If you him. Thus it happened that the two parties, the keep near to Christ you will see too plainly how charge- messengers of Life and the messengers of death, less a life is theirs who only see with their eyes, and only believe the things which they can handle." met at the sick man's house at the same time on Russell Abel, like his father, has visited Amer- their respective errands. "I have set before you ica several times on the way to Papua and has the way of life and the way of death…… Thereproved himself a most acceptable speaker, with fore choose life" (Deut. 30: 19). Praise God he the same sense of humor and gift for graphic de- chose life. The Christian men helped him down scription that his father possessed. Mrs. Abel, the mountains to their village, and that evening with her two sons and two daughters, is now en- the Christian teacher, Moses Lau-bi-na, gathered gaged in mission work in Eastern Papua under his people together to pray for Funusui's healing. the New Guinea Evangelization Society* of Amer- Later, at the side of the sick man, the teacher ica and the Kwato Extension Association of Eng- prayed for hours, and although he had been ill land. These are cooperating missions with an for six months, he began to recover that night, interdenominational and international board of and in six days was well. directors. It is a work, like the China Inland Mission and the Dohnavur Mission, conducted by It was not Jong before he came into definite faith and sacrifice, with full dependence on God, touch with the Master, and he has gone on with acceptance of the inspiration of the Bible, and Him ever since. At first his wife was unwilling surrender to the Lordship of Christ as the Son of to leave her heathen relatives, but later she came God and only Saviour of men. with her children, and accepted the Lord too.

D ltEAD. One Pasu, Solomon Islands.

• Gifts for this work may be sent to Mr. Walter McDougall, • Reprinted from Not In Vain. Treas., 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

A New Project for Christian

By the REV. J. ROBERT HARGREAVES St. Paul, Minnesota Field Representative of the Joint Committee of the National Church Councils THERE are signs of a moral and spiritual on spiritual values as expressed in every-day con- awakening in many parts of America, even duct. In very many centers, including some 10- though this is not particularly noticeable in calities with small church privileges, this emphathe churches. In the past, revivals of religion sis is teaching the art of living together in the were rather closely confined to limited circles spirit of 1 Corinthians 13.

while the present revival (believe it or not) is In one city district, where the little church had more widespread. The Church of Jesus Christ been closed, it was discovered that in the school of was never intended to be an end in itself. It is a about 700 pupils a very efficient moral and spiritmeans to an end, the establishment of the King- ual training was being carried on under a de- dom of God among men. The splendor of a great cidedly Christian principal. This was influencing stationary engine is not in the mechanism or in every class and was with full sanction of the dethe great fire under the boiler but its usefulness partment of education. An increasing number of is in proportion to the power which is distributed teachers try not only to adapt pupils to the school to all the machinery of the factory. Machinery and its curriculum, but exert an influence on the that requires less concentration of power in the pupils' home situations, yet cannot proclaim their boiler room is considered a greater triumph. The achievements in this direction. A short time ago factory does not exist for the sake of the engine. a principal explained a program she was trying The Church of Christ has a work to do but its to work out to assist a girl in meeting the needs methods are modified through the varied agencies of an over sensitive and exacting mother. In an- which it has inspired. This growing variety of other school, where there were many under- religious activity should be recognized by the pres- privileged children, the principal and teachers ent church leadership. All effective work that were endeavoring to provide proper emotional promotes moral and spiritual life is of religious guides which were lacking in the several homes.

value. In some instances we need to offer the The unselfish abandon with which some of the prayer of Elisha: "Lord I pray thee open his eyes teachers seek to adapt their program to unfor- that he may see. And the Lord opened his (the tunate and backward pupils is an encouragement servant's) eyes, and he saw and behold the moun- to Christian faith. In one school supervisor's tain was full of horses and chariots of fire round room the most prominent trophy was the letter of about EI.isha." a child written by hand on some scratch paper An increasing number of public schools are and fastened to the wall with a pin. A little girl had been declared incapable of making use of changing the emphasis from the academic instruc- school advantages but the supervisor had been tion to cultural education as a means to life de- unwilling to accept the verdict without further velopment, this is not simply a passing gesture; effort. After a careful study of the child's backit is a trend which is gaining momentum. Re- cently a city school system in Massachusetts dis- ground she was readmitted and the best modern carded its reports on curriculum subjects as not methods were used to awaken her dormant powproperly indicating the results of school training. ers. The letter was an indication of the teacher's A large elementary school in Minneapolis has for success and was the girl's expression of appresome time been reporting on character traits ciation.

rather than on efficiency in such subjects as arith- Such incidents are a type of many expressions metic, geography, and languages. In this rather of Christian ideals in an ever increasing variety courageous and significant venture, it is interest- of activities. We have no statistical blanks on ing to note that in the first year class of the asso- which to record such ventures and triumphs.

ciate Junior High there was not one failure Other extra ecclesiastical forces are also exert- among the pupils in this school. ing spiritual influences and are reaching many In the whole educational program, including whom the church does not touch directly. The some extra school activities, emphasis is being put Extension Department of the State College and [361 ]

the School of Religion of North Dakota recently of years are still in vogue. Veterinary science conducted a seminar to study the character build- has advanced and now humane consideration for ing objectives of such organizations as the Scouts, the suffering animals should spread throughout Camp-fire girls, Parent-Teacher Councils and the the farms. We have hope that through farm farm youth clubs. Those sessions revealed not youth clubs a sentiment may develop which will only the increasing variety of approach, but also result both in painless butchery and in painless increasing efficiency in furthering the interests of operations. Unnecessary pain in the case of a the Kingdom of God. In the country districts defenseless animal is as wrong as unnecessary some situations depend for correction on the work pain caused to man. This change in sentiment of 4-H clubs. During the long continued depres- has not been brought about by direct church efsion the disadvantages of the farm industry has fort but it may be furthered through specialized been somewhat over-emphasized, so that the draw- emphasis on the application of Christian prinbacks in the farm life have become, in many ciples to all phases of life. Never before have the homes, the main topic of conversation. Many of practical implications of Christianity been the youth have no consciousness of their advan- brought so near to realization. Talking about tages and opportunities. They are unhappy with behavior has seemed to have little influence on our their lot but see no way out of it. There is now behavior tendencies. We must integrate the presystematic effort on the part of club leaders to cepts of Christianity into the practices of everychange this unfortunate attitude. Local improve- day life. ments are being made; partnership activities are Where does the Christian Church come into the being worked out between parents and boys and picture? We should constructively recognize the girls; young people are being encouraged to make life and work of these specialized agencies. We the best of their situations and to help solve the must encourage and sustain their efforts to unproblems of others. Letters come showing the re- derstand the main objectives of these groups sults of this effort to reestablish hope and family studying the full program and possibilities inhappiness. Outstanding Christian people are now herent in these specialized activities. Wise parengaged in this leadership and are keeping in ents seek to adapt themselves understandingly to mind the spiritual value inherent in all their the ventures of their independent children and work. A new attitude towards animal life will look upon their success as the enlarging of the also develop. It seems strange that with the ad- family interests. Thus church leadership may vance of. science there has been no general at- further the Kingdom of God by a sympathetic and tempt to introduce anresthesia into animal hus- constructive interest in those projects which help bandry. The same cruelties practiced hundreds to carry out God's will for man.

The Influence of Filipino W omen* -'~II By ESPERANZA A. CUYUGAN 11j3E-..- THE movement in favor of woman suffrage distinct advantage over her eastern sisters; at the which started in North America during the same time this carries with it corresponding re- last century, has recently achieved a victory sponsibilities. in the Philippines. Last November the insular legislature finally granted to the Filipino women But though the vote has heretofore been denied the much-coveted franchise. By this law every the woman by her brothers, she considers herself woman in the archipelago, who is 21 years of age as on a plane of equality with him for that has or over, will have the right to vote and hold po- been her tt:.aditional role. Unlike her contemlitical office, beginning January 1, 1935. poraries in the East, she has always occupied an exalted position and in every activity, except in This is the first time that an oriental country politics, she has been on an equal footing with has so honored its women. Not even a nation as men. modern and westernized as Japan has been so progressive. The Filipino woman has gained a With the door of opportunity open, she has entered every field that man used to consider ex- • An address given at the Florida Chain of Missionary Assemblies. clusively his own. She can be found in practically

THE INFLUENCE OF FILIPINO WOMEN

every profession-in medicine, dentistry, nursing, religion. She holds far more than the "balance of law, and teaching. She is invading even such power" in this field, and is, in very truth, the na- "masculine" careers as engineering, surveying, tion's spiritual-as she is its moral-guardian. architecture, agriculture and stock-raising. Dur- This is true in all civilized countries, particularly ing the revolution she stood with men on the in those that have come under the sway of Christ. fields of battle. In teaching she occupies a very predominant position. History shows that woman, more than man, has kept burning the light of religion. Her devotion to its cause is boundless; her sacrifices for it are without number. She it is who constantly kneels at the family altar. Through her natural devotion to things of the spirit she has served as an ever- steadying influence of her mate. The Filipino woman, like her sister in every Christian land, has been the main standby of the Church. To a great extent, she has helped in spreading the Gos- pel throughout the Islands. She has helped to send messengers, and she herself has gone to dark corners of the archipelago bringing the message of salvation. Because of her unselfish, unceasing collaboration, her pagan brothers in many cities and villages, and in the remote mountain fast- nesses, are being won to Christ.

FILIPINO WOMEN AT WORK, HULLING RICE FILIPINO NURSES IN DUMAG'UETE HOSPITAL The home is, however, still the Filipino woman's chief concern. There she reigns supreme. As the holder of the family purse, she is also the budgeteer and business executive of the household. This privilege she jealously guards for herself.

Outside of the home and the professions, she engages in a multitude of other activities-in business, in industry, in the arts. As a civic-minded citizen, she interests herself in everything that contributes to social betterment-in health, sanitation, morals, government and religion.

She makes her influence felt in the community and the nation through such well-known movements as the Women's Clubs, of which there is a national federation, the Young Women's Christian Association, Camp Fire Girls, Girl Scouts, Girl Reserves, Women's Leagues, and various other social, civic and welfare societies.

Her intellectual and cultural contribution to the life of the nation through the schools is, of course, incalculable. No less significant is the part she plays in authorship and journalism. In Manila, the capital city, alone, several important, widelycirculated journals are run exclusively by women. She is an indispensable collaborator in all the outstanding organs of the Filipino press.

But, important as these roles are, more vital and far-reaching still is the function she exercises in

A Japanese Christian

_.1!if I By K. UNOURA, Los Angeles, California I ~.- EVERY achievement in the realm of human the burning desire to share their Christian life progress is the child of an adventure. Some- with these strangers. The truth of this is re- one had dreamed and left others sleeping to emphasized in the history of the Japanese Chrisfollow the gleam. They braved the dangers and tian Institute, in Los Angeles, which was estabprivations; they dared the impossible; and their lished and nurtured by the Disciples of Christ.

deeds are as beacon lights along the trail calling Perhaps the largest Japanese community on the others to follow. Who can read without thrill of Pacific Coast, in fact in the United States, is in the Pilgrim Fathers and their battles against the Los Angeles County, Southern California. It is open seas without the guide of the compass? estimated that there are at least 65,000 in this From that historic day to this busy, bustling, area and that fully 25,000 of this number reside present day of ease and comfort pilgrims have in the city of Los Angeles. In earlier days the been wending their way from every land under Japanese immigrants were almost entirely single the sun to this land of opportunity. Each has young men. They needed Christian home influ- come with his secret ambition, his dream of ence and friendship, as well as spiritual guidance achievement, for all come as adventurers. The and comfort.

Japanese joined the immigrant trail leading to In 1904 Mr. B. F. Coulter, minister of the the United States following 1880 when Chinese Broadway Christian Church of Los Angeles saw labor was restricted by law. a vision and fostered a project, in friendliness, When the first group of the Japanese came to for these homeless young men who were coming America in the year 1870 the Pacific Coast was in larger numbers in those days. Night school still· in its pioneer stage, for California was not classes were organized for the study of English admitted to the Union until 1850. Gold had been and the Bible under the leadership of a returned discovered during 1848 and the famous Gold Rush missionary from Japan. The group soon grew beof 1849 followed. A great westward migration cause of the evangelistic spirit within it and could had started. The gold seekers were not interested not be accommodated within the limited space pro- in the ordinary tasks. So someone must cultivate vided. In 1905 a new center was established, the fields. To meet this need the Japanese were which also served as a home for these young men.

invited to come. In 1907 the Christian Women's Board of Missions Being totally strangers in a strange land, they undertook the responsibility of this ever growing knew little or practically nothing of the language, and worthy enterprise.

customs, or the modes of living. These handicaps On the first Sunday of April, 1908, ten Japanese made them targets for unprincipled people who men organized themselves into a church. The would prey upon newcomers and take advantage need for a Christian home was becoming felt so of their lack of knowledge in things American. strongly that one was established at a new loca- Accordingly, many Japanese were embittered by tion. In the winter of 1909, work had progressed treatment received at the hand of some Americans to the extent that a call was extended to Mr. Teizo in those days. Nor has that method of treatment Kawai, to come from Japan and become the shep- entirely': ceased even to this day. herd of this little flock. Work grew more rapidly We are grateful, however, that all the Ameri- in the few years that followed and eventually the cans were not that way. For good Christian peo- needs also increased, so that in 1911 the property pIe' in many communities recognized in these on Wall Street near the City Produce Market was strangers an opportunity to render Christlike purchased.- service. They have heard Jesus saying, "I was a Three years later a three~story brick building, stranger, and you took me in. Inasmuch as you with a basement, was erected on the Wall Street did it unto one of the least of these . . . you did property by the Christian Women's Board of Mis- it unto me." sions. This building was the Centennial Memorial The story of the Japanese Christian churches of the Christian women of ,this state. In Novem- in America is generally woven around the lives of ber, 1914, hosts of friends gathered to dedicate some consecrated American Christians who had this new Japanese Christian Institute. Suitable [364 ] equipment and facilities were provided for the dergarten reached its peak of 65, clubs and rec- physical, social, educational, and spiritual growth. reational programs were organized for the grow- Many enterprising young men began to· establish ing boys and girls. Due to the rapid Americani- their homes in the immediate neighborhood of the zation of these children, it was often difficult for Institute. Soon it became advisable to organize parents to understand their children and to re- sewing and cooking classes for the newly arrived lieve this situation a Japanese Language School wives of these young men, and a kindergarten was was established in the summer of 1925, which was instituted for little children. Many other features supported by the parents. This is staffed by a of service were added to the program (e. g. dor- group of teachers whose Christian interest and mitory with 17 rooms and 23 beds, cafeteria, cooperation help develop Christian character in barber shop, bath rooms, employment office, li- the children, as well as furthering the graded club brary, game room, gymnasium, and a chapel) work.

which as we look back add a great deal of color These children grew into youth and as the years to the story. passed have accepted more and more of the duties Up to this time the Christian Women's Board and responsibilities of the church. A leader was of Missions had supported the work but in 1919 needed to give full time to the ministry with the this work became a part of the United Christian oncoming generation of young people, and so in Missionary Society as it brought all mission 1930 a graduate of California Christian College, boards under a united management in that year. Mr. Charles Severns, a well-trained young man No exclusion law was in effect and so a normal was employed for this much needed service. By flow of the Japanese immigration had continued his wise advice and direction, in January, 1933, which helped to add new members to the Church. these young people organized themselves into a During this period such noted evangelists as Rev. Young People's Church, with its own official S. Kimura and Paul Kanamori visited Los An- board, and assumed a considerable amount of geles, and stayed at the Institute for a number of financial obligations. It is interesting to note that days, and many men and women were received a graduate of the first kindergarten class who had into the Church. The evangelistic spirit was kept been active in club and church school and is now burning and the church life reached its peak. a promising young business man of the city was One time the membership was more than 300. In chosen as president of this Junior Board. Most 1923, Mr. Kawai was released from the pastorate of its members, church school teachers and club of Los Angeles Church to the rural districts of leaders, have come through the various depart- Southern California, and K. Unoura, the present ments of the church.

pastor, was called from Berkeley. The church and its many activities completely Constantly through the years the staff of work- outgrew its first home on Wall Street. Finally, ers has included "returned" missionaries who for in 1929, it was possible through the efforts of the health or other reasons had found it impossible to Mission Board and the generosity of California remain in Japan. Because of their experience in friends to build an educational building on a new the homeland of these people they have been bet- site at 822 East 20th Street and many aided with ter able to help in the problems of adjustment to its equipment. Plans were then begun for the American life. Mr. H. H. Guy was among the new church which was completed in May, 1931.

pioneers in this work and Mr. B. E. Watson came The women's missionary societies and councils of to work beside Mr. Unoura when he became pas- Missouri by $25,000 of their Golden Jubilee Fund tor. Miss Polly Dye, of missionary parentage, contributed the larger share to which was added who took charge of the kindergarten about this gifts of California friends which made possible a time has made an unusual contribution because of beautiful two-story stucco church building. The her close contract with the homes. The Kinder- Japanese members and friends contributed $2,500 garten Mother's Club has helped to bring many for furnishings. It has an attractive chapel with of the parents into church fellowship. Miss Dye a pipe organ, a social hall, a church parlor with a was also able because of her friends in other fireplace, parlors for mothers and girls, a game churches of the city to help bring about many room and a library, besides a playground in the friendly contacts. Soon after Mr. Unoura became rear, with four lots, extending 160 feet in front pastor the church became self-supporting while and 150 deep, full of light and fresh air.

the Missionary Society continued to support the Weare grateful to those Christian pioneers who educational workers. laid the foundation of this Christian enterprise, This period is characterized as a time of rapid and for the fellowship of many American friends development of the second generation, leading to with their prayers and financial support; we the establishment of the church of the future. covet the fellowship of American churches, so The Sunday school grew from a mere handful to that in the end we may together establish the enrolment of 250 and thoroughly graded, the kin- Kingdom of God on earth. Effective Ways of Working 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO PLANS AND POLICIES FOR About a Minute-A reminder of the a common purpose. There should lovely things in life that require result a diffused instead of a PROGRAM MAKERS only a minute to do and yet mean specialized interest confined to so much to those for whom they are well-defined groups. The Rev. Before shaping up your sched- done. ules or yearbooks for the au- Mr. Price writes in substance: tumn opening, glance over our Grandfather's Clock-Song. bargain counter and see if there Telling Time-Brief talk on how time A really active missionary commitis not something you may profitably use. All our offerings are has been told through the ages. tee is versatile and conversant with attested by practical trial in In a Clock Store-Phonograph record. the needs of each department of some department of church ac- Pastime-Charades of proverbs on tivity. church life. They should be capable Time. Once Upon a Time-Missionary story. of directing the educational policy of Spare Time-Impromptu three-minute the whole endeavor. They should rec- talks on "What I would do with 24 ommend books and helps, music, pic- hours of absolutely spare time over and above what other people had." tures, arrange for lectures, mission- For Such a Time as This-Inspira- The Year's Keynote tional address based on story of ary plays, concerts or any other kind Queen Esther, and emphasizing the missionary appeal and the responsi- of meeting for spreading real knowl- bility of Christians today. Is this the time, 0 Church of Christ, edge of the work and needs, inviting Each guest was given an at- the membership to contribute such to sound retreat? . tractive mimeographed program To arm with weapons cheap and blunt appropriately decorated wit h service as they are fitted for. Thus outline drawings of an hour The men and women who have borne glass and a clock tower. the choir might be advised of some good cantata or other special music; the brunt It is noteworthy that the pro- Of truth's fierce strife and nobly held gram on "June Brides" recently the Sunday school teachers have rec- exploited in this department their ground? won the second prize in the same ommended to them a series of lessons contest. Is this the time to halt when all suitable for the various ages and in- The Missionary Committee around and Its Work terests; a missionary library should Horizons lift, new destinies confront, It is surprising how many be formed and popularized; mission pastors are still leaving the mis- Stern duties wait our nation, never sionary plans and interests of study courses and schools of missions their churches to hit-or-miss may be promoted; members can be wont luck, with a "catch as catch can," To play the laggard when God's will hodge podge result without fo- asked to serve as collectors, distribu- cus or integration. Rev. Watcyn was found? M. Price, of Wrexham, Wales, tors of magazines or notices of meet- outlines the needs and duties of ings, actors in missionary pageants No! rather strengthen stakes and the church missionary commit- tee. He says that this commit- and dramas, visitors in homes of the lengthen cords. tee ought to represent every de- shut-ins, etc. Enlarge thy plans and gifts, 0 thou partment of the church's life and activities, inclusive of the Such a committee as this can help elect, Sunday school and the young to create a perfect harmony between people. It should not only coor- And to the kingdom come for such a dinate the several plans and have all the different sections of the church general supervision over them time! but radiate enthusiasm to them and that on behalf of World-Evangel- The earth with all its fulness is the all as they make a drive toward ization. Get the very best people to Lord's; [366 ] act on your committee. . Great things attempt for Him, great things expect. THAT ANNUAL BUSINESS Whose love imperial is, whose power MEETING! sublime. -Lutheran Woman's Work.' Under the title of "Fun and Fellowship Inject Life into the A Blue Ribbon Program Annual Meeting," Church Busi- ness describes the usual attitude In the annual program contest toward annual reports, election conducted by Miss Elizabeth I. of officers, etc., as "a bugbear to Fensom, of the Baptist Litera- be avoided." Even if the dinner ture Bureau, the first prize was device to bring out the people is awarded to the "Co-Workers" of a success, the business meetings the Fourth Church, Minneapolis, remain as dull as ever. The need who submitted "A Meeting on is for an injection of more life Time" that had been preceded into the session. Rev. C. Sumby a bon voyage dinner listed on ner Osgood, of White Plains, N. the program as "Dinner Time." Y., writes: The other items were: One year we had a "Campfire Meet- Keeping Time-Group singing. ing." A preliminary letter was sent Right Now-Business. Watchwords-Devotional.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

to the officers and chairmen asking of forty-two churches (two of them an aid to missionary interest them to use the campfire idea in com- . Negro) representing eight denomipiling their reports. . . . For the natIOns, hold two union functions a among young folks. "Bob the meeting itself, a campfire was easily year, one of a general nature in the Stamper" – himself a "fan"- constructed in the center of the room fall and the other on the annual Day exploits the stamp album as a by concealing red lights under a pile of Prayer. It was decided last fall to key to history by way of memoof wood. We sat around this and have a "World's Fair of Missions" sang, talked and enjoyed the refresh- with booths displaying missionary ar- rial stamps, cancellations of vaments-and held a business meeting rious states and countries with ticles from many lands. Committees almost without knowing it. The main for the several booths were appointed changes in spelling of names as items of the program were: from the different denominatIOns, as- signing fields, as nearly as possible, a clew to the past; to biography Warming Up (songs led by chorister). according to the special denomina- and literature, art and science, The Spell of the Firelight (prayer by tional interests, realizing, of course, as great men in all lines are me- that some denominations are doing morialized; to current events, pastor). work among many peoples. like "A Century of Progress," Ashes from Last Year (minutes from but best of all to missions, as the The exhibits were remarkable for features of foreign nations be- last meeting). their variety and beauty, having been Cord Wood (clerk's report). assembled from the collections of mis- come a call to the heralds of the Back Log (treasurer's report). sionaries and world travelers as well. Great Commission. At the head Seasoned Fuel (the church board). Many articles were of such value that of Boy's department is a jolly Crackling of the Flames (choir re- the city gave special police protection. In addltion to the booths, large charts little cut showing the head of port) . were placed about the room giving Uncle Sam in the midst of faces, Live Coals (the Sunday school). missionary statistics of the various Mongolian, Turkish, Negroid, Smoke (men's club). groups represented. At irregular in- Flame (women's association). tervals throughout the afternoon and Latin-American, etc. An article Kindling (young women's organiza- evening of the exhibition, a musical supplementing this is written by program was presented suitable to Una Roberts Lawrence telling tion) . the different countries and missionary how a devout man of her ac- Fuel Hunter (church visitor). talks given by as many missionaries quaintance, wanting to link up Sparks (Christian Endeavor). as could be procured, refreshments his study of the Bible with the Snappy Little Spa r k I e r s (Boy being served from one special booth, family stamp album as a means these latter being characteristic of of inculcating love for the Book Scouts). the countries. Thus, there were tea of books in his grandchildren, Bundles of Good Wood (committee re- for China, coffee for South America, wrote on each left-hand page a candy stuffed with dates for India, ports) . bread and butter sandwiches for verse of Scripture to fit the Matches (pastor). North America, candied corn for In- Bringing in the New Fuel (election dians, peanuts for the Negroes, cocoa- of officers and new business). Passing Around the Smiles (every- body). Handing Out the Rations (refresh- ments) .

Next year the idea centered around nut for the islands, etc. Small por- stamps on the right, manifesting the U. S. Government. All formality tions only were served as this was a an ingenuity almost incredible. dropped away when we began to think Thus miniature stamp scenes of of ourselves as the U. S. Senate or special food display as part of the ex- hibit-tea in real Chinese canisters, perhaps as the President's Cabinet. whole coffee beans in a South Ameri- mountains are correlated with Our metaphors were a little mixed can bowl, Japanese lilies made from and often not entirely governmental, vari-colored paper napkins, decora- "I will lift up mine eyes unto the but the program was a great success. hills," etc. Numerous stamps The Department of the Treasury tions of artificial cherry blossoms, etc. with cuts of wild animals are Cu!todians of the booths and also never had a better hearing. The De- speakers were, in many cases, in the lined up with "For every beast partment of the Interior appropriately native costumes. ,An item of special interest from a of the field is mine," etc. The closed the meeting with refreshments. flower stamps and their verses Our program included an opening by near-by industrial center was the apa U. S. chaplain (pastor), Bureau of pearance of an Americanization group are almost too beautiful for Permanent Records (minutes), Bu- consisting of children of different nareau of the Census (clerk), Secretary tionalities dressed in the native cos- words, likewise the trees, the of the Treasury, the United Songsters tumes of their parents. birds, the eagles (of which lat- (choir) , Department of Education At nine o'clock all repaired to the ter there was a whole page) and (Sunday school), Secretary of State auditorium where a formal pageant even the automobiles and other (foreign affairs-missionary commit- closed the day. No charge had been tee), Youth Movement (Christian En- made for admission but an offering vehicles, whose balancing verse deavor), Department of Essential was received at the door. An audi- is, "The chariots shall race in the Industries (w 0 men's association), ence or more than 800 people was streets, they shall jostle against Commissioners of Good Works (men's present and at least 150 others had club), Department of Vis ita t ion helped in major or minor degree to one another in the broad ways: (church visitor), Distribution of Con- they shall seem like torches, they make the project a great success. The gressional Report No. 1929 (denomi- Negroes and the Negro music were shall run like lightning." (Nanational handbook), Electoral College taken care of by the colored folk them- hum 2: 4.) Equally ingenious o(eflethcteioInntoefrioofrf.ic*ers), and Department selves, the other musical numbers and is the page of airplanes, whose the parts in the pageant being as- signed among the several denomina- correlate is, "Thou liftest me up An International Missionary tions. to the wind: thou causest me to Project Stamp Collecting as a ride upon it." (Job 30: 22.) Method For a page of Zeppelins there is By MRS. MAUDE FAHS AURAND, this verse: "Who are these that Wheeling, West Virginia Miss Juliette Mather, editor fly as a cloud?" (Isa. 60: 8). Our Interdenominational Mission- of World Comrades, is featuring Ships, w ate r fall s, bridges, ary Federation in this city, consisting a department in her monthly churches, charity stamps, special Negro stamps – all have their • (J/1IU:rch, Business, The Duplex Envelope called "The Stamp Corner" as Co., Richmond, Va. Copyrighted.

counterparts from the Scrip- to each young woman. After a "Ah Fu-A Chinese River Boy" tures. hymn, "Lord Speak to Me," the (50c); "Ah Fu and Me Too" older members get candles and (25c); "The Pilgrim's Party" What a thrill this well-nigh form a circle into which the ($1.50) . universal hobby gives, and how membership chairman leads the fitting it is thus to capitalize a recruits. The president lights KEEPING OUR COLLEGE STUnatural instinct of early youth the candle of the member stand- DENTS MISSIONARY: A young and even mature life in the in- ing next to her and the light is missionary corresponding secreterests of Bible study and the passed on during the repetition tary tells in The Woman's Misspread of Christ's Kingdom of Scripture verses on Light. sionary Friend how her interest throughout the earth! The president next steps into the in her home church and its ob- inner circle, lights candles of jectives was kept alive while she Special Plans for the Young new members, those of the outer was in college. Now and then a Folks circle stepping apart and mak- friendly letter would come from ing room for each recruit as she some missionary-minded woman STEWARDSHIP DECLAMATIONS: receives her light (lights in at home telling the church news room all turned out during this and all about its local activities From W.orld Comrades comes ceremony) .. The president says but adding eye-opening facts that by the lighting of the candle about the Church-at-Iarge, espealso this device for inculcating as a symbol, each one may be- cially in its missionary enterthe principles of Christian stew- come a consecrated member of prises and new endeavors. Not ardship in the youth of various the circle, adding to its luster infrequently an apropos clipping ages. A Stewardship Declama- and receiving radiance in re- from a periodical was inserted. tion Contest, in the course of turn. A closing prayer and a Once the young woman was its pleasing, friendly rivalry, hymn, "Father of Lights," ends asked to be friendly with a for- "teaches tithing to the young this impressive ceremony. eign student on her campus people who study to participate, whom the lady back home knew and through them to the adults MISSIONARY SERVICE FLAGS to be lonely. Again she was told who listen to their practice and FOR YOUNG PEOPLE: This may of a noted missionary speaker presentation." Sunbeam Bands be used as handwork for juniors who was soon to address her stu- (small children) will memorize or even younger children. On a dent body and the hope was exone or the other of two series of special flag, silver and gold stars pressed that she would be sure Scripture verses given in the are pasted and upon these are to hear this speaker. This went magazine. Juniors will select superimposed, one by one, small on in an informal, friendly way one of the talks provided in a pictures of all missionaries all through college; and after leaflet of stewardship talks and whom the children have seen or her graduation the student said give it as a memorized declama- studied about or who have gone it seemed the most natural thing tion. Intermediates are required out from their state, silver be- in the world for her to fit into to select one or the other topic, ing used for those still living. As the missionary life, so that in a "The Lord's Tithe" or "What the a variant from this, children few years she had become the Tithe Can Do" and write a five- may mount and frame cut-out corresponding secretary for one minute essay on it. Young peo- pictures of missionaries and put of the large branches of the ple above that grade are re- them up around the room in work. There is a great art in quired to give an original seven- which meetings are held. keeping missions normal, not minute talk on the stewardship spectacular and occasional. of possessions, based on one of CHINESE RHYMES FOR CHILthe following topics: "The Chris- DREN: This little volume is a THE "COLLEGE ABROAD" MOVEtian's Money Matters" ; "The successor to "Chinese Mother MENT OF THE MET HOD 1ST Frankincense of Giving"; "The Goose Rhymes," by Isaac Taylor CHURCH. A program is being Power of the Tithe"; "Filling Headlam, and gives attractive the Lord's Treasury." Judges- rhymes translated from the Chi- carefully evolved to meet this wise folk not related to any of nese for children from four to need among young people. Youth the contestants-are to be se- twelve years old. Conundrums is in power in the Orient. The lected from outside the church, in rhyme, illustrations on every growing spirit of nationalism recommunity and denomination, page, a delightful oriental air quires native leadership. Young different sets to be provided for and a childish lure make this a college graduates are the only the several age groups. volume every child will enjoy. ones trained to meet the de- (Fleming H. Revell Co., $2.00.) mands of the new day dawning THE RECOGNITION OF NEW in the East. The question is not, MEMBERS IN A YOUNG WOMAN'S BOOKS OF INTEREST TO PRI- "Shall the young people lead?" MISSIONARY SOCIETY: This plan MARY AND KINDERGARTEN CHIL- They are leading. The vital quescomes from the United Lutheran DREN: "Children of the Great tions are, "Shall the young hand Church. The chairman of the Spirit" (Indian, price, $1.00); at the helm be Christian?" and, membership committee presents Chinese Children of Woodcut- "What is our responsibility for the new recruits to the president ter's Lane" (S5c); "The Trea- these struggling young patriots and the latter makes a suitable sure Ship Sails East" ($2.00); across the sea?" welcoming speech outlining the objectives and some of the details, then a flower is presented BULLETIN OF The Council of Women, for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~I==============================.~ FOR PEACE THE TRIUMPH OF War Will Disappear When the In the Order for Morning GOODWILL People Decide that the Prayer, Daily throughout the Time Has Come! Year there are three collects; The Church School Union of the first of the Day, specially ap- Queens Village, Bellaire, and The Marathon Round Tables pointed; the second, for Peace; Bellerose, New York, presented 1934 have for objective to dethe third, for Grace to live well. The Triumph of Goodwill, a velop and clarify public opinion, Pageant-Drama, by Jennie Cart- to make public opinion function, And the two last collects shall land Callister, in Hollis Masonic and to decide how organized never alter, but daily be said at Temple May 18, commemorating public opinion can protect the Morning Prayer throughout the Goodwill Day. The cooperating world against war. This can be year, as followeth; all kneeling. schools were from two Baptist achieved if men and women in The Second Collect, for Peace churches, one Evangelical Re- each community, large and small agree to try the conference o God, who art the author of formed, one Methodist Episco- method in which by logic and pal, one Congregational and two agreement the best ways to propeace and lover of concord, in Lutheran churches. The pageant ceed are· found. The general knowledge of whom standeth subject for 1934 is "The Evolv- shows by historical scenes the ing Foreign Policy of the United our eternal life, whose service is futility of armed force and preperfect freedom; defend us thy sents the claims of Goodwill as States." Such questions as, Is a method of maintaining peace isolation possible or desirable? humble servants in all assaults among the nations. The histori- Can we have permanent national of our enemies; that we, surely cal episodes are bound together recovery without international trusting in thy defence, may not by well selected music. The play cooperation? Granted that the closes with an effective appeal desire of the government and its fear the power of any adver- for the release of Goodwill, and saries ; through the might of Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen.

"Whose Service Is Perfect the whole assembly "pledging people is for world peace and se- Freedom" prayers and consecrating our- curity, what policies have been selves" to fulfill the mission of in harmony with this objective? Truly, in every age and every securing the triumph of Good- What policies have delayed its clime' and among many peoples will. achievement? By what immesome men experience the truth diate steps could the government of "service that is perfect free- The various episodes were turn our policy toward this obdom" while the many seeking prepared by the church schools. jective? What can individuals freedom by violence against each The occasion was a community and local organizations do to upother find themselves desper- gathering of young and old in hold and strengthen the developately bound. And there is no full participation. The admis- ment of a constructive foreign hope in them! policy? What are you doing in sion fee of twenty-five cents Listen to Rabindranath Ta- your community? gore in "Fruit-Gathering" ex- doubtless covered the five-dollar The Peace Service, "On What press the same truth in other royalty and other expenses. language, yet the same experi- Mrs. Callister, who was present, Peace Depends," prepared by ence caught in poetry: spoke simply of the immediate Mrs. Pierson P. Harris, and need for practicing goodwill in published by the International "What is there but the sky, 0 Sun, our hearts, homes, communities, Relations Committee of the that can hold thine image?" and nation. One of the young Council of Women for Home Missions, Foreign Missions Con- "I dream of thee, but to serve thee, I members of the community had ference Committee on Women's can never hope." The dewdrop prepared a poster on The New Work, and the National Council wept and said, "I am too small to of Federated Church Women, is take thee unto me, great Lord, and Patriotism. Invitation was ex- ready for distribution and use at my life is all fears." a cost of 2c apiece or $1.50 per tended to all present to partici- hundred. They may be ordered "I illumine the limitless sky, yet I can pate in the NO MORE WAR yield myself up to a tiny drop of parade on the following day. from any denominational Head- dew," thus the Sun said, "I shall Further information concerning quarters. become but a sparkle of light and the pageant-play can be secured fill you, and your little life will be from the editor. a laughing orb."

[369 ] COMMUNITY WORLD Thus it is community spirit in- accompanied by the young peo- spired by the thought of actual ple of the church to a picnic site FRIENDSHIP WEEK goodwill that binds a people to- in the country. Games, stunts, Did you ever try a World gether. a steak fry help to get everyone Friendship week in your com- acquainted. Each student is a munity? In 1932, the Religious St. Matthew records t hat guest in a private home. Jesus said, "For where two or Education Committee of the three are gathered together in The Sunday school hears brief Council of Churches of Canan- my name, there am I in the messages from the students and daigua, New York, had such a midst of them." Jesus also said, week. Thus the program ap- "Arise, and be not afraid! If ye each attends one of the classes. know these things, happy are ye The guests participate in the peared as a normal part of the if ye do them." regular Sunday morning church task of religious education. Cooperation with Parent-Teachers' VITAL HOME CONTACTS service for which an internagroups added to the success of FOR FOREIGN STUDENTS tionally known speaker is sethe week. The week's plans in- cured. After Sunday dinner the cluded sermons in all the By far the most permanent students may take short motor churches the first Sunday morn- and transforming contribution rides or hikes. Motion pictures ing on the theme "Religious Edu- to the life of foreign students is are taken, and ten different forcation as a basis of World made in our homes. Formal tea ums are conducted, on as many Friendship." Union Young Peo- parties, luncheons and dinners different countries; these forums· ple's Service with lunch preced- are useful but not very effective are led by the foreign students, ing was held, at which time the in establishing real friendship. and some lively questions and possibility of world peace in the Guest students do appreciate an discussions result. A farewell present generation was dis- invitation to spend a week-end supper in the parish house, with cussed. Over seventy school pu- or a longer period with an brief messages by the foreign pils were in poster contests us- American family. students, closes the day's proing the theme "World Friend- gram. ship and World Peace." There In the suburban churches were special movies such as around New York, Philadelphia, The principal reasons for the "The Broken Lullaby," and for Boston, Chicago, and other met- success of this project are the the children "Around the World ropolitan centers, much enthusi- early and careful local planning in Eighty Minutes." In the his- asm for acquaintance with for- by the Educational Director; tory classes there was study of eign students is being mani- the budget appropriation, allow.- the growth of peace movements fested. A well organized annual ing a small grant to each foreign as in the Kellogg-Briand pact, week-end conference in May has student, covering expenses; and the League of Nations, World been promoted by the initiative careful selection of students by the Committee in New York.

Court. The grade school chil- of the Director of the Educa- Foreign students enjoy this dren dramatized "Good Will the tional Department of Prospect sort of a week-end because they Magician" and similar themes. Presbyterian Church in Maple- are not "being entertained," but Prominent citizens wrote on sub- wood, New Jersey. The Friendly are really contributing much to jects related to World Peace for Relations Committee Am 0 n g a better appreciation of their Foreign Students in New York countries and culture. . the newspapers. In addition, there was a World cooperates in discovering and Why not greatly multiply the Friendship Exhibit held in a va- enlisting ten foreign students, number of projects of this kind? cant store room in the busy part each representing a country. Let the Friendly Relations Comof town. Here a large map of They are welcomed in Maple- mittee, 347 Madison Avenue, the world indicated the peace wood Saturday afternoon and New York, help you.

movements at work (and not the dangerous war areas), flags of all nations, books for teachers on World Friendship, posters by children of other lands, posters on peace and goodwill made by Canandaigua boys and girls.

Transparencies of Dutch and Japanese life also made in the schools were hung in the win- dows.. One's imagination readily supplIes other details essential to the observance of such a week.

As far as is known, "no individ- ualand no organization refused to cooperate in this community project. The whole city was thinking and talking Peace." GUEiSTS ATTENDING O'ON'FEmENCE , MAPLEWOOD, 1933

OF THE PACIFIC confessed to the boy that it was established. With real

through lack of love she had corrected spirit this young man, while In the New Hebrides him so harshly. Needless to say he pursuing his studies, has been was touched by this humility and ac- instrumental in gathering a The Australian Presbyterian knowledged his fault. congregation which is now con- Mission in the New Hebrides re- sidered as an organized church. ports that the government is Important Church in Samoa making further efforts for the -Philippine Presbyterian. welfare of the native popula- For nearly ninety years there tion: has been a Protestant Church Philippine Council in Apia for Europeans. Last (a) In Malekula two British sub- year nine half-castes and one The first report of the Philipjects and a French citizen were fined New Zealander joined this pine Council (founded 1933), for supplying alcohol to natives. church. Rev. H. S. Perkins eleven denominational organiza- writes that in a year of political tions, has just been made public. (b) A British subject, John Steph- unrest, and the deepest depres- It was formed by mission ens, of South Santo, was sentenced by sion in trade, the churches in his boards, realizing the need of the British National Court at Vila to district have maintained their united and continuous study of a year's imprisonment with hard la- reputation for generous giving the needs, progress and opporbor for cruelly ill-treating a young by raising for church purposes tunities of this field. It intends girl worker on his plantation. £200 more than last year. The to review periodically all the total was equal to that of a good work of cooperating boards. (c) Quite recently the people who year in prosperous times. at South Santo the Christmas before The Philippine Council began last were driven from their village This church serves as a bridge functioning April 1, with E. W. and land by a young Frenchman, have between Samoans and Euro- Higdon of Manila as secretary. been authorized to re-occupy their peans. The Council advises the publicaholding without molestation till the tion of a single Christian evan- Land Court may deal with Santo -The Chronicle (L. M. S.) gelistic paper in English. It lands. recommends that lay leadership Largest Evangelical Church be prepared for communities Punishment of a minor nature has in Philippines that cannot support paid Chrisbeen inflicted by the Condominium tian leaders. The several de- Government Courts on some men who With a record of almost con- nominations at home are urged have supplied liquor to natives; but tinuous state of revival for over to see that Filipinos in the in some cases the illegal recruiting of thirty years, the church in United States receive more native women remains unchecked. Guijulngan remains the largest, friendly attention from the There seems to be no place where the and in point of organization, one churches, particularly in areas Government can be said to be fully of the most effective of Presby- on the Pacific coast, Chicago and effective in the control of abuses. terian churches in the Philip- other centers. pines. The two Malahay broth- Papuans Are Learning ers, Silliman students, organized The Council records its atti- meetings in their home in 1903, tude toward Philippine inde- Miss Mary Abel, of the New which, in 1909, resulted in the pendence: Guinea Evangelization Society, formation of a church with 448 writes that in the work among members. The brothers have In the establishment of a govern- 176 boys and girls at Kwato been the only pastors of this ment in which the Filipino people (one of the stations), eleven church, now numbering over should have both legislative and ad- Papuan monitors, all Christian, 2,000. Much of this achieve- ministrative responsibilities we believe are being given increasing re- ment is due to "Mother Mala- that before independence is effected the sponsibility, so that they may be hay," who learned to read her following provisions should be safeable to take charge of the work. Bible at the age of 70. All her guarded, namely, an international Miss Abel says: children are active in Christian agreement neutralizing the whole is- service, either as ministers or as land territory; a reciprocity agree- This is by no means easy. The officers in the church. A grand- ment relative to duties and quotas on Papuan hates to appear different from son, now in Silliman, asked for imports with equal economic advanhis neighbors, and has the natural dis- evangelistic work and was as- tages, thus avoiding an undue influence like of being unpopular. These moni- signed a field about one year ago by a few American producers; a retors have to report anything they fa.r to the south, where no per- ciprocal immigration agreement based think to be wrong, and may have to manent organization had been on quota policy now governing such punish those who do wrong, which relations with other peoples; a plan does not win popularity. One of the [371 ] for protecting the rights of minorities girl monitors who had shown little true in the Islands. love for those under her, one day corrected one of the older school boys for -Christian Advocate. breaking a law, and did it in a manner which caused a hasty retort. The next morning the monitor realized that she had failed her Master, and, though it cost her all her pride, she

NORTH AMERICA ground, among them the Presby- ference held last spring was the terians, with an apparent de- best in years. The North Caro- A Missionary Looks at U. S. crease of 42,456, and the Con- lina, Georgia, and Alabama Con- gregationalist-Christians, with a ferences were interracial in A missionary who returned to loss of 22,213. In some cases character, and the South Caro- America after six years in In- this decrease is due to a clarify- lina Union for the first time cardia, and visited the churches in ing of church rolls by a removal ried through a conference charhis own land writes: "Arriving of inactive names. The Roman acterized by Christian interrain this country two years ago, I Catholic Church is still the larg- cial fellowship. Students were soon became convinced that In- est single denomination in the present from some twenty coldia is in no greater need of country, with a total member- leges and as many as 175 people Christianization than America. ship of 20,324,144, including all were in some of the sessions. There seemed to be no place in baptized children. Among Protthe church where the Spirit of estant denominational groups No effort is made to conceal God could break out. A year in the Baptists lead, with a mem- from students the fact that Teachers' College, New York, bership of 9,866,209; and the boards are not sending out many only increased the sense of ur- Methodists next, with a mem- new missionaries. This situagency. There seemed need for bership of 8,766,017. tion is made a challenge to stua movement, like Indian Na- dents to assume an ever larger tionalism, which would cut deep The report shows a total of share of responsibility for seeinto the life of the church, be 299,518 ministers in the United ing that the Church goes forpurifying in power, and make States, while the number of ward with its God-given mis- Christianity frankly repudiate churches is 242,011. That is, sionary task. There is a steadily the guilt of our day; that would there are 2,493 more churches increasing number of students, bring conviction, repentance and than ministers but many of these with a deep Christian conviction conversion, with a new content. churches are small missions. and a sense of world-wide mis- It would be individual, as it only The report shows conclusively sion, who are determined that could be, but it must be as social that the Church is steadily pro- the future shall be different as redemption, as Christ's Cross. gressing, and is still the nation's from the present. Devoted ministers and laymen greatest going concern. are saying something must be Meeting on Religious Liberty done, but often there is a feeling "Egg-a-Meal" for the Minister of futility. More than ever New conditions in various there is need of Christian awak- Rev. George Dorey, D.D., of lands are restricting religious ening in America." Regina, Saskatchewan, recently freedom especially in regard to visited a church in the "dried teaching the Gospel, including -World Methodist Press. out area" of western Canada, where for four consecutive years preaching and religious educa- Membership Increasing the crops have failed, with every tion, missionary schools and indication for worse failure in property rights. According to The Christian 1934. Dr. Dorey found there is Herald annual report of church still interest in maintaining the Increasing restriction is due statistics, prepared by Dr. church and Sunday school. to nationalism, to a resentment George Linn Kieffer, president or fear of the liberalizing influof the Association of American "One man said they had got a ence of Protestantism, to the ef- Religious Statisticians in 1933, number of farmers to promise fect of a monopolistic religionreligious bodies showed a total an 'Egg-A-Meal' for the min- as Catholicism or Mohammenet gain of 655,482. The total ister's salary. This would mean danism – to active irreligion, of membership in all denomina- nearly two dozen eggs a week and to the monopolistic view of tions reached 60,812,874. The per family to be turned in at the the state and to other causes. proportion of church members store where the minister and his to the total population of the family buy their groceries. In- An advisory group of the In- United States showed a gain quiring about the price of eggs ternational Missionary Council from 46.60% in 1926, and I was told they were ten cents a was called to meet on May 10 48.19% in 1932, to 48.3770 in dozen, with every prospect of under the leadership of Dr. 1933. This seems to refute the being lower." Joseph P. Chamberlain, Profesmagazine articles which en- sor of Law Drafting at Columdeavor to prove that the Church The Volunteer Movement bia University, to discuss these is losing ground. questions and the following per- Interest in the Christian meS– sons reported. Dr. John A. The largest increase was by sage and task, and especially in Mackay on Mexico; Dr. Fred F. the Methodists with a total gain Christian missions, continues to Goodsell on Turkey; Dr. Robert of 213,662. The Baptists were grow in student circles, wher- S. McClenahan on Egypt; Dr. second, with a gain of 193,571. ever the staff of the Student Guy S. Inman on Peru; Dr. P. Other increases were shown by Volunteer Movement secretaries H. J. Lerrigo on Congo; Dr. A. the Lutherans, 65,782, and the have been able to help. Reports L. Warnshuis on China and Miss Roman Catholics, 53,426. Some indicate that the Connecticut Helen Clarkson Miller gave her denominations, apparently lost Valley Student Volunteer Con- observations in the Near East.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Christian-Jewish Seminar and 1,513 letters were for- mountains. He settled near what warded. Seventeen missing sea- is now Salem, Oregon, and be- Last April in Toronto the first men were located and brought gan his missionary work. His Canadian Seminar on Christian- in contact with their relatives. arrival antedated the coming of Jewish Relations was held. It Free instruction in English was any Protestant party by two was attended by leading Cana- given in classes meeting twice a years, and the planting of the dian laymen and clergymen, week for over five months of the first Catholic Mission by four both Jewish and Christian. The year, and thousands of dollars years.-Christian Advocate. speakers emphasized that only was handled for the sailors. by a genuine desire on the part About $92,000 was handled for LATIN AMERICA of both Jew and Gentile to un- seamen in one way or another. derstand and help each other can The attendance at some 250 serv- Anti-Religious Textbook anti-Semitism in Canada be ices totaled 15,600. checked. Pleas were made for ~he ~ederal. Ministry of Eduthe cessation of antipathy and In San Francisco, three hun- catIon III MexIco (according to the creation of tolerance, sym- dred and forty seamen received The New York Times) has inpathy and active cooperation. Christmas gifts from the mis- troduced a "Manual of Anti- sion. There were 6,652 meals Religious Education" for use as Three round table discussions served and 6,000 loaves of bread an official textbook in primary dealt with "Evidences of Anti- were distributed. At this sta- schools and night schools for Semitism in Canada," "The Edu- tion 6,085 letters and 3,582 par- workers. The book contains cational Problem of the Jews in cels and papers were handled for chapters with such headings as Canada with Emphasis upon sailors. The relatives of eight "Why We Combat Religion" Cultural and Vocation Train- sailors were reunited with their and "The School vs. Religion>' ing," and "Are There Funda- boys. Devotional services are The second portion of the book mental Differences in Moral held twice a week and on Sun- traces the history of religion Emphasis Between Jews and day. They were attended by from the beginnings of Chris: Christians ?" 9,634 persons. This home han- tianity to the present situation dled almost $30,000 for seamen. i~ Soviet Russia, explaining reli- Need for Negro Doctors Both these missions are main- gIOn on a materialistic basis. tained by Norwegian Lutherans. In an 80,000-word report, The book has been placed in made public by the National As- On the "Oregon Trail" all official schools, and an atsociation for the Advancement of tempt is being made to have it Colored People, the Harlem Hos- The "Jason Lee Special" is a required in private school curpital investigating committee as- covered motor wagon which riculums. Mexico City bookselserts that Negro physicians are started from Boston, April 16, to lers, however, refuse to handle ineligible to membership in the follow the trail of Jason Lee it, or even place it on display. American Medical Association in from Boston to Salem, Oregon. one-third of the States. The re- Lee was sent out in 1834 by the Progress Step by Step port stresses the "need for an in- Methodist Missionary Society as crease in the number of well- the first missionary of any In the face of difficulty and qualified Negro physicians," and church to the American Indians determined opposition, definite calls upon American universities in that territory, and remained progress is reported by the to "widen the existing oppor- to found a white civilization in Episcopal Suffragan of Mexico. tunity for ambitious and well- the Pacific Northwest. One hun- Here are a few instances: qualified Negro students to enter dred years ago he traveled with medical schools." The commit- the outfit of Captain N. J. A new and well furnished parish tee points out that there are only Wyeth, a fur trader from Bos- hall for the Church of San Pedro 0!l~-fourth as many Negro phy- ton. The "covered wagon" of Martir now serves as a social center . SICIans as there should be in the the emigrant had not then come in that village. G<lvernment decree country, and only two medical into use. Wyeth's company has allowed the Bishop the use of an schools for Negro students, traveled on horseback, carrying old church in San Sebastianito. which Howard and Meharry, both of little provision with them and is undergoing repairs and will be in which "fall behind other Grade depending for food upon their use soon. Use of an abandoned meet- A schools in equipment and per- rifles. Deer, prairie fowl and ing-house in the village of Ayapango sonnel." buffalo by the million then was secured from the Methodist au- abounded in the Indian country. thQ~ties, f?r a small group of COllb- -The World Tomorrow. Lee conducted in southern Idaho mumcants In need of a church; their the first formal Protestant reli- children were growing up with no re- Seamen's Missions gious service in the vast interior ligious training. Government permis- lying west of the Rocky Moun- sion for the repair and use of the The Seamen's Mission of tains. He also drove the first building was expected soon. The new Seattle reports some interesting cattle over the Rockies. Two Calvary Church in the village of Los facts: the reading room was years later Marcus Whitman Reyes-Golox was consecrated befQre a visited by 170,000 men. Letters took the first wagon over the gathering of four hundred people. and packages received reached The Church of the Incarnation, Amea total of 16,466 separate items cameca, which was in ruinous condi- tion, has been repaired. In Zoquipan the government has granted the use of a former Roman church. This was only a temporary building and was in deplorable condition but it responded

to careful treatment and is now a society. The working people are over to a large meeting-room, decent and dignified place of worship. insistent upon what they deem while in the bow are the living In each of these places church their rights, and their clamor is quarters of the evangelist and members have given material intensified by the extravagance his wife. Usually the boat ties and labor with enthusiastic sac- of the old aristocratic families. up at a riverside town for a rifice. Young people's interest in week or more at a time. Regu- Puerto Rico's Problems Christianity is awake, and con- lar meetings are held on the ferences are productive of lead- boat which draw many people ership among youth. A large The situation in Puerto Rico by their novelty. On a recent is made up of a variety of criti- conference for young people is Sunday 80 people attended the cal problems, such as poverty, planned for Santiago, Chile, this service on one boat, and of these year. At San Fernando in the about two-thirds were unconoverpopulation, disaster and dis- south, the Mission Gospel Bus verted seekers. Bible study ease following the hurricanes, meetings are held in the middle and a political crisis where all has had the voluntary assistance of the week, and Testaments are factions are at each others' of young people constantly at sold to new converts. throats. Protestant Christian- meetings in outlying districts. ity also faces a crisis. There This Gospel Bus traveled over A large part of the evangelseems no way of protecting the 5,000 miles through the country ist's work is done outside of reg- during the year. ular meetings. He has opportuisland from a whirlpool of con- tradictory creeds. New sects Through Bahia with the Bible nity each day of making new continue to arrive on every boat, contacts. Sailors and idlers of each teaching that all the rest Mr. F. C. Glass, with two Bra- every sort are encountered on are doomed. Black and white zilian companions, made a Bible the wharves, and even while the magic have also taken possession campaign trip a few months ago boat is under way, the evangelof some of the churches. One through Bahia, a central state of ist has a chance to distribute of the missionaries reports that Brazil as large as Spain and tracts to lock-keepers and to in a church he visited Voodoo- Portugal, and with a population sailors on other boats met in the ism had cast a black cloud over of 4,000,000, largely Catholic course of their travels. a group of women. In another but only so in name. Over difchurch an elderly woman teach- ficult roads and through many Religious Minorities er of a Bible class among the difficulties, such as being mis- In The Presbyterian Advance Jebaros uses a Bible by rubbing taken for bandits, league after Dr. J. Ross Stevenson, President league of this state was crossed of Princeton Theological Semiit over her body when she is sick. and recrossed, and everywhere nary, pictures the need of the The result of such conditions is the Bible was gladly received. several scores of religious mithat the intellectual class is not norities in Europe. The Magyar in the church, although many Without fear, the people read the Scriptures at street corners, Reformed congregations in Ruare disciples of Jesus Christ. or in their own doorways. Some mania, Jugoslavia and Czecho- -Christian Advocate.

The Gospel in Chile three thousand miles were trav- slovakia; the Lutheran and Re- ersed, and about six hundred formed villages in Austria, in The Presbyterian Board (U. Bibles and Testaments, and western Poland; the Protestants S. A.) reports that its southern- three thousand Gospels were .of Greece – both Presbyterian most work in South America is sold, and many given away. and Congregational – and a located in Chile on the Pacific One feature of the journey number of others have fre- side of the Andes. The work was the twenty lantern lectures, quently been in the direst straits .centers, as does the life of Chile, given often in the open-air, and during the past two decades.

in Santiago. Within its borders sometimes on the white walls of Many are living close to the sub- live nearly 700,000 people, one- Roman Catholic churches, with sistence level. It is difficult to seventh of the total population of the full approval of the inhabi- choose the strategic points to the country. The swarming tants. At other places the best which aid should be brought.

mass of the under privileged and halls of the town were freely Heart-rending cries for help come illiterate who migrate to the city placed at the disposal of the from Christians·in all parts of Soviet constitute one of Chile's major evangelists. Russia and, paradoxically enough, a sociological problems. EUROPE large part of these appeals come from McAll Mission Gospel Boats While there has been much un- the eastern Ukraine, one of the most rest, Chile has fared better than most of South America during fertile areas of the whole vast coun- try. The seizure of breadstuffs for feeding the urban populations has left the farmers with hardly enough to the troublous days of 1933. Per- An effective means of preach- keep body and soul together. Without haps the worst aftermath of the ing the Gospel is conducted in semblance of trial or any kind of leP.'al crisis of last year has been the France by the McAll Mission procedure, men and women are outbreak of hate and irreligion through its two canalboats, ply- snatched away from their families, to be held in prison, often for several in protest against the callous- ing the rivers that converge in ness of the professing Chris- the neighborhood of Paris. The days without food or blankets, sometians who constitute the bulk of interior of each boat is given times to be as suddenly released, but often to be deported to the penal

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

settlements, or simply to disappear Reichsbishop. The constitutions contributing to the support of without further news ever being re- of the various synods have been the work, and then .go out into ceived of or from them. When an abolished by decree of the the world to take up their work explanation is given at all, it is usu- Reichsbishop. The actions of in the designated mission field.

ally: "Guilty of religious propaganda." Yet religion is not stamped out. Every- the Pastors' Emergency Federa- Twenty-one sons and daughters thing that is done for these people is helping to sustain and further one of tion and the Pastors' Fraternity of Denmark are at work in the the most interesting post-Reforma- in the Rhineland having been foreign field today. tional religious movements in Europe. evidence of determined resist- -Moravian Missions.

Moreover, the location of these active ance to the racializing and coand fervent evangelical groups so near the frontier of atheist Russia may at ercing of the Church, means AFRICA some future time make them a factor were taken to break up these Changed Sentiment in Egypt to be reckoned with when the day of organizations. The secret police the "Glorious Return" dawns for Rus- provided the needed evidence of The v i 0 len t anti-Christian sian Christianity. "disloyalty" on the part of lead- disturbances by Egyptian Mos- lem leaders has not only sub- Oncken Centenary ers of these groups. sided, but the aftermath seems The selection of those students to be a more widespread and An important centenary of deepened interest in the Christhis year was on April 22 and who are to be permitted to study tian message. Mr. J. E. Kin- 23. One hundred years ago for the ministry is announced near, of the Nile Mission Press, Johann Oncken and six compan- to have been placed in the hands cites a case as evidence of a ions were baptized, and formed of the leaders of "Hitler Youth." marked change in attitude. the first Baptist church at Ham- If this is true, it represents the burg, Germany. This movement most sinister development yet in In October a Moslem parent brought extended its influence over most the tragic misfortunes of the his boy to a Christian mission in Cairo of Europe, and even to the other to have him enrolled. The principal German churches. -Federal Council Bulletin.

continents. Millions of converts, Denmark a Missionary Land of the school, interviewing him, carelives radically changed, the New fully pointed out that Christian wor- Testament message carried over- Denmark has less than fifteen ship and Christian instruction held a seas by thousands of emigrants, thousand square miles of terri- central place in the life of the school. foreign mission enterprises ini- tory, and about two and a half "Oh, yes, I am quite aware of that, millions in population. It has and I don't mind at all," was the surtiated and sustained in Asia, only one Moravian congregation, prising reply. "I want to enroll him Africa and South America are in this school of yours, and you can make a Christian of him if you like. among the fruits of the European Baptist movement, which namely, that of Christiansfeld in In fact, I don't mind if you use force may fairly be dated from the Nord Schleswig. This congrega- to do it!" baptism of Oncken. He, him- tion numbers about 215 commuself, is an important figure in nicants, and a total membership Another educated M 0 s I e m church history, and Hamburg of less than 300; a tiny church wrote a long letter for the Cairo press, from which are the folcounts him among its famous in a little land. In addition is lowing extracts: "We wonder citizens. Oncken, when asked the Diaspora center at Freder- why the missionaries are athow many missionaries he' had ica, in Denmark proper. But tacked now after they have been in Germany, replied, "Seven these two centers are dynamic in the country for about a cen- with missionary zeal. All over tury, since their motives, their thousand." "You misunderstood the question; that is the num- the land are organizations for work and message remain the the dissemination of missionary same. . . . We hold, with the ber of your members, but we knowledge and the gathering of missionaries, that conversion to want to know how many missionaries." "Seven thousand," funds. Nor does the work stop' Christianity is not a mere transhe rejoined. "Among us in Ger- here. The Societies seek re- fer of a person from one reli- cruits among the young people gious denomination to another; many every member is a missionary." for volunteer work. The little it is a complete spiritual change, Danish m 0 nth I y missionary including his feelings, deeds and German Protestants magazine consequently publishes sayings, and his mode of think- from time to time the names and ing, prompted by spiritual mo- News from Germany indicates pictures of these recruits, and, tives.

a considerable measure of defeat almost invariably, there is like- "Invaluable service has been of the forces in the Protestant wise a written word from the re- rendered to Egypt and the Near Church devoted to the historic, cruit, telling of his experience in East by missionaries; the first universal and evangelical Chris- spiritual things, his home life, voice raised against immorality tian faith. Propaganda, threats, his upbringing, his fin din g and prostitution and in favor of ruthless force and the breaking Christ, and his call to mission the liberation of slaves was the of promises have characterized service through the Lord's lead- voice of missionaries. Attention the battle against the brave pas- ing and under the direction of was first drawn by missionaries tors who have dared to put alle- the Church. These young re- to the danger of intoxication and giance to Christ ahead of obedi- cruits visit various sections of drug-taking. It was the missionence to Chancellor Hitler and the the country, meet those who are ary who first made a good and

exact translation of the Bible Rebuffs were few and large a fact that the English High into Arabic. It was they who congregations assembled, some Church society (S. P. G.) withestablished schools, institutions, even climbing trees in their ea- drew, the remaining six have hospitals, printing presses and gerness to hear. At the close of faithfully continued the work, service a printed summary of under the direction of a commitorphanages in our midst." -Moody Monthly. the sermon was given out. tee, which has a seat in the capi- In this area, lapsed Christians tal Tananarive, and in which all In Kano After Forty Years number in the tens of thousands, are represented. It was agreed at the outset that each mission Kano, walled capital of Hausa- with still other thousands of should have its well defined heathen at the very door of the sphere of work and should obliland, is a city where Orient and church. It is impossible to claim gate itself not to start congrega- Occident meet. Politically and much more than that a church tions outside of it. commercially important, it has has been planted, and the great grown from one city to seven, need is for just such follow-up The conference has since then work as these students are doing. met in 1920 (in connection with including the original Hausa the centennial celebration of the metropolis, the ghetto, the Syr- -C. M. S. Gleaner. beginning of Protestant misian quarter, the European trad- sions in Madagascar) in 1926 Model Village at Kikongo and again in August 1933. The ing area and various other sec- tions.

For the Sudan Interior Mis- A beginning has been made on head of the Paris Mission, Monsion the special interest in Kano a model village project at Ki- dain, was elected president of lies in the fact that it was the kongo. A village has been staked the conference and the head of prime objective of three pioneer out, and each family assigned a the Norwegian Mission as vice- missionaries in 1893, two of certain plot. A plan for the president. The reports made at whom laid down their lives in measurement and staking out of the conference gave a living im- the effort to reach it with the the houses has been furnished pression of the important posi- Gospel. To occupy it for Christ the village, and each house is tion held by the Protestant mishas been a hope of the Mission built after that plan. A broad ever since. After forty years of street lined with citronella grass sion and church in Madagascar; but it was also strongly emphawaiting, of prayer and effort, at runs through the center of this sized, that large areas of the last the mission is granted a site model village which has its own island are still without the inupon which it may establish it- school and church, temporarily self in this city which is the key meeting on the veranda of the fluence of the Gospel. Among the subjects discussed to the whole interior region. The chief's spacious house. The na- at the conference were; "Inwork is being initiated by Wil- tives are entering very enthusi- creased Cooperation," "T h e liam H. Hockman. astically into the plan. In addi- -Moody Monthly. tion, the agriculturist is now Protestant Faith," "The Duty of the Church Toward the Young," able to put his ideas into prac- "Protestant Literature." An im- Students Practice Evangelism tice, and each student spends a portant result of the meeting was part of the day in gardening. An evangelistic campaign un- a resolution that the two hymn Married students have their own books, one Reformed and one der the direction of students has plots to cultivate. Classes are Lutheran, should be merged into come to be recognized as a nor- held twice a week in practical a common hymn book for all the mal part of college training in agriculture. Protestant churches in Madagasmission schools. One such mis- -Congo Mission News. car. sion conducted by students of WE,STERN ASIA Bishop Tucker Memorial Col- Cooperation in Madagascar lege, at Mukono, is worthy of Commmunism and Veiled mention. Three groups worked The following interesting in- Women at three centers, five, eight and formation in Dansk Missions- Uzbekistan is an area of the sixteen miles from Mukono. The blad:- .

objective was to arouse Chris- In Madagascar, where the Soviet Union which was once tians to their responsibility as Norwegian Mission Society has Mohammedan. Since the Bolchurch members. On the Sun- a large mission field, with over shevist domination, women have day preceding the mission, the 100,000 Christians, there are also been emancipated from wearing leader of each party went to his six other Protestant mission so- a veil, but according to a report allotted village to be introduced. cieties at work, namely two Nor- from Moscow there has been a Wednesday, he conducted a spe- wegian-American m iss ion s, sharp clash over this time-honcial prayer meeting. Saturday three English, (L. M. S., S. P. ore d Mohammedan custom. was given up to visiting. Printed G., and F. F. M. A.), and the Eight members of the Communletters of welcome to the Sunday French Protestant Missionary ist party have been expelled for services were distributed from Society, (M. P. F.). compelling their wives to don house to house an evidence of In 1913 these seven societies veils, while a ninth escaped with the extent to which education held a conference which led to a reprimand when he allowed his fruitful cooperation. While it is wife to unveil her face. has become general.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

In the ten years since the rule safe to wander at will. Two of the today than it did in the Roman against veiling came into effect, Empire during the first three a large number of women who most Christian things I saw in the centuries." cast aside their heavy horsehair city are, first the work of Sister Nelly, veils have been murdered by The field of the Andhra Christheir husbands; but fully 175,- the Swiss nurse at the government tian Council covers the areas of 000 women in Uzbekistan have hospital, who goes about her work like South India, where Telugu is the discarded the veil. Thousands predominant language. Out of a cast their veils on bonfires at the a saint of God in the midst of tre- population of 25,089,775, the annual women's day celebration Christians now number 819,699. on March 8. -N. Y. Times. . mendous difficulties, and who shows Deducting 85,760 Roman Cath- Christ in her life and face; and olics, the Christian population, Ibn Saud a Shrewd King sec~md,. the little Legation dispensary with whose welfare the Council WhICh IS open to all comers and where is concerned, numbers 760,963, Mrs. Dame, a missionary of the patients are treated free by the scattered over 11,055 towns and the Reformed Church in Amer- villages. The Madras Presidency ica, visited Riadh, seat of the Legation doctor, for no apparent rea- census report for 1931 shows court of Ibn Saud, in Central that while the general popula- Arabia. In a recent issue of the son except that we are a Christian tion had increased by eleven per New York Times she gave im- nation, and cannot go anywhere with- cent during the preceding years, pressions of the Arab chieftain. the Christian population during out imitating the Good Physician. the same period had increased King Ibn Saud would command at- by fifty-two per cent, as far as tention in any company. He is simple, Wernet a very influential man, the Telugu language area is cond~rect, unaffected and undoubtedly whose son came to our hospital last cerned. SIncere. At the same time he is shrewd, diplomatic and opinionated. year and said that he had had a vision There are twenty-one mis- He seems to have a firm hold on the of Christ calling him to follow Him. sions, churches and institutions affections of his people. His diplo- in the Madras section and nine macy is well known. He told us that he could only do this in the Nizam's Dominions, rep- on condition we wrote a letter to the resented on the Council. To keep several wives and concubines, as well as a dozen or more of Governor of the North-West Frontier -Watchman-Examiner. sisters and daughters of various ages and dispositions all on good terms Province asking that he be given a Village Improvement with himself and with each other pre- gaoogdoohdo-ulosoekiinngPeEsuhraowpaerancawntiofen,mseonmts~ sents no mean problem in the diplo- money, a motor car, Eurpean clothes, A Marathi daily newspaper of matic line. I believe it is his boast and especially a solar topi. He was Poona has recently paid tribute that he has had 153 wives, and of the to the notable work being done 150 who have been divorced not one told the story ohfethweenritchawyaoyunsgormroawn~ for village uplift by an Indian went away angry at him. and, like him, Christian leader, Mr. D. S. Mo- ful. dak. The occasion of this press A Visit to Kabul notice was a Rural Uplift Show INDIA at Saswad, 19 miles Southeast Dr. R. J. H. Cox, of Peshawar of Poona, on March 27. Three was invited last year to accom- Infant Mortality miles from here is the village of pany the English chaplain on a Pimpla, where improvements visit to Kabul, and gives an ac- Infant mortality in India is have been made on such ideal count of the visit in The Church the highest in all the civilized lines that the village has become Missionary Gleaner. No Eng- countries of the world. In Euro- a model for all others. "If the lish chaplain had gone there pe~n countries out of every 1,000 example thus set were followed since the second Afghan war, chIldren born, 930 or 950 live to the reformation of India would and it was exactly 101 years reach the age of twelve months, be accomplished," commented since a Christian Jew had gone whereas in India the number of the Poona newspaper. as a traveler-missionary to Ka- deaths per 1,000 during the bul. But it was not as a mis- same period varies from 350 to The population of Pimpla is sionary that Dr. Cox was al- 600 … The present state of af- 913, out of which 57 boys are atlowed to go. Promises were ex- fairs is not a reproach to Indian tending the new school, built on acted that no preaching would mothers themselves, the cause spacious, well ventilated lines at take place, aside from Sunday being such as poverty, lack of a cost of Rs. 12,000. The streets services in the Legation, and proper care of the pregnant and of the village were in a terrible even then agents of the Afghan nursing mothers, lack of a first condition, but all have been Government were sent to the class midwifery service, un- thoroughly repaired, gutters be- Legation, to satisfy themselves skilled midwifery by country ing dug on each side. Dirt and that no propaganda was being Dais, venereal diseases, indus- dust have been removed, the vilcarried out. trial employment of women, lack lage has been cleared up, and a of pure milk supply, and insani- small dispensary has been pro- Dr. Cox writes: tary and overcrowded dwellings. vided for the supply of free medicine. The Committee has We spent a very interesting four -Dnyanodaya. days at the Legation. We visited the city, walking about freely with no Andhra Christian Council escort. Anywhere in the country it is "We are witnessing today a movement toward Christianity, greater in intensity and extent than the Church has known since the Gospel first reached the shores of India," says Rev. F. L. Marler, Literature Secretary of the Andhra Christian Council. "If numbers may be regarded as an indication of progress, Chris- tianity is advancing with greater strides in the Andhra country

opened a library where daily pa- Quarter Oentury of Progress which such child is on the throne pers, magazines and a ~ew books in Lhassa is always dangerous on agricultural and sa~Itary sub- Chiengmai Leper Asylum has because it leads to great controj ects are kept. The vIllagers of just passed its twenty-fifth year. versies as to who shall rule in its Pimpla are interested in phys- Anniversary celebrations ~ere place. There is also the danger ical development, and have built held in January, when foreIgn- of inroads from other powers, a gymnasiu~ where yo~mg men ers, officials, leading merchants, since Tibet has always been depractice dally athletIcs and church members, students, all sired as a sphere of influence, wrestling. Another feature very who could make the trip to the both by England and by Russia. creditable to the villagers is that island, were invited. The growth they have a scheme for procur- -Neue Allgemeine Missionsing drinkable water from the of the institution has been zeitschrift. springs close by. The most re- steady, although its early years markable thing about this rural OHINA uplift work is the spontaneous were full of discouragement. It and voluntary work done by the was five years before there were Protestant Missions in Ohina villagers themselves, without sufficient funds on hand for the much outside aid. erection of permanent bqildings, Among the 450 million Chi- and many more years passed be- nese there are only 450,000 -Dnyanodaya. fore adequate support was as- Protestant Christian Chinese, sured. Nothing had ever been conservatively estimated. Five Ingathering of Pwo Karens thousand seven hundred and fif- done for lepers in Siam prior to ty-three Protestant m iss ion Charles L. Conrad, of the the founding of the Chiengmai workers are scattered in 601 American Baptist Mission in institution, and public senti- mission stations in the whole Burma, in refuting the odium ment at times was openly hostile. country. In all China there are which some have attached to the only 6,000 church~s a~d chap~ls. "mass movement" of the past Local self-government was es- In the 1,608 distrIcts mto WhICh three years, describes it as .no tablished many years ago and the country is divided, there ftre more than a normal expanSIOn this basic principle has been ex- 293 with 146,500 villages entIreof the present seventy-four tended to practically every de- ly without any mission work; in churches. These converts are not partment of asylum life. Work 206 other districts with 103,000 "outcastes," but are the same is now accepted by every person villages there is very nearly no type as those already in the as a part of his requiremen~. mission work. churches. They are not ignorant, This was not true at first, and It was only after self-government -Neue Allegemeine Missions- had been in use many years that zeitschrift. it was finally accepted by all. At the present time the force of but are able to read Burmese or workers consist of three full Ohristian Witnessing Karen. Neither have they been time men and the part time servimmoral in their living. They ices of a medical man. All other A result of faithful Christian have clear, radiant faces; strong work is taken care of by pa- witnessing is given by the Chibodies and clean minds. They nese Recorder, in an account of are neither "rice Christians" nor tients. Christian growth in Shansi political followers,. but ~re the The spiritual growth is going Province.

forward. The asylum church fruits of years of mtensIve, co- pays the entire sal.ary .of .an A Christian girl was the sole witoperative effort. The Pwo Karen evangelist to an outSIde dIstrIct, Gospel Team, girls and boys, and makes frequent gifts to all ness in a government school. A have been actively engaged; and kinds of Christian work. teacher was interested and at~nded the large ingathering has been partly due to their interest and -Siam Outlook. meetings at the church. As m the effort. For several years past, house of Cornelius, while she listened the Pwos have been praying that The Dalai Lama ten thousand new memb~rs the Holy Ghost fell upon her and a On Dec. 7, 1933, the head of all Buddhists, the Dalai Lama miracle of transformation was ef- fsehcetewd~' ssotoenllionugt of awwhoant deChrirnig~the~aardt of come to mean to her. The PrI~cIp~1 of the school, said to be commum~t m should be added to their churches tendency, then attended the meetmgs, in ten years. A year ago 800 baptisms were reported; this year died in Lhassa, the capital of and within several weeks wrote a Tibet at the age of 57 years. letter full of praise to God for His there have been a thousand, wonderful salvation. Meanwhile, a The priest next in rank, the former student of the junior teacher while in one section there are Panchen Lama, fled from Tibet in quite a different district, also from five hundred more waiting for workers to come and baptize years ago and is now living in a heathen home, found the Way and them. Some Burmans are com- Mongolia. The successor of the is progressing in her knowledge ?f Dalai Lama is a child that was God. These are all burdened tor theIr born in the same hour in which former school fellows and frIends, as well as the scholars under their ing into the churches with the the Dalai Lama died, since it is charge. Pwos, because they feel that this believed that the latter's soul group will stand by them as they immediately enters another Result of Oharitable Effort take the ·step out from Buddhism. body, in order to be.among ~u­ The National Flood Relief -Burma News. man beings. The tIme durmg Commission has just issued a

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

voluminous report for the year Church of Canada, the Methodist anese end of the island, and are 1931-32. It administered nearly Episcopal Church and the Meth- employed in the lumber indus- $70,000,000 silver. Ten million odist Episcopal Church, South. tries in the rapidly growing people were relieved. Private cities on the east and west coasts. contributions totaled more than -Wesleyan Christian Advo- $7,500,000. A great variety of cate. Not far from the northern work was done. The total result boundary line the two Bible Sois larger than that attained by Peasant Gospel Schools ciety workers discovered a Koany other charitable effort in rean Christian who used to be a China's history. A recent experiment in Na- colporteur in the Korean work, gano City, partly a copy of what formerly carried on by the So- A Many-Sided Program Kagawa has been doing for sev- ciety. This old man, cut off from eral years, is called the "Peas- all church connections, had gath- Rev. John Hayes, of Peking, a ant's Gospel SchooL" Twenty- ered about him about a half dozmember of the Presbyterian five picked young men and wom- en believers, who were letting China Council, says that the en, from at least fifteen different their light shine in the darkness Kashing tent program conducted scattered villages, assembled for about them. is the most complete program he a course of ten days' intensive knows of in China. The tent is training. About one-third of The two representatives of the a rural center. Farmers who these young people, nearly all of Bible Society held meetings for come early to the market place whom had been reached by three days in their village, and hear the message; great num- means of newspaper evangelism, eighteen decisions for Christ bers also attend night services. were Christians. were made. It was afterwards Many have become inquirers, reported that this retired coland after instruction develop in- The purposes in holding such porteur now has a Sunday school to staunch Christians. The a school were: which has an attendance of Christian Chinese farmer is the thirty children. -Forward. salt of the Chinese earth, the (1) To strengthen the Christian bulwark of Chinese democracy, faith and practice of those already Opium Problem Grows and the chief hope of Chinese Christian, and to make them: realize society of the present day. more fully the implications of their For the Japanese in Man- religion in their everyday life. (2) To churia, opium is a vast business Again, the tent is a place bring before the non-Christian stu- enterprise. Mr. U. Kikuchi, secwhere womanhood is elevated. dents a vision of a dynamic Christian- retary of the Association for the One of the brightest hours of ity, which, unlike Buddhism, enters Prevention of Opium Evils jn the day is from two to three in into daily moral, social and economic Japan, says that "no less than 75 the afternoon, when missionary life. (3) To give all the students in- per cent of the Japanese nationladies with trained Chinese Bible tensive training along such lines as als residing in South Manchuria women meet the hundreds of would help them to lead in the recon- prior to the 1931 outbreak were women who come with their chil- struction of their own villages along directly or indirectly connected dren to hear about the Saviour. positive Christian lines. with drug traffic." The produc- It is also kindergarten, primary tion, manufacture and sale of school and Sunday school all As to results, many non-Chris- narcotic drugs has been incorcombined. One of the most valu- tians felt the challenge of Chris- porated into a gigantic national able fruits of the children's work tianity, which, unlike any re- industry, whose output rose is the organization of Sunday ligions they had known, had a from 2,498 kilograms in the year schools meeting in the church definite relation to daily farm 1911 to 35,530 kilograms in 1928 every Sabbath, where the chil- life. Two of the young men, on in Kwantung alone, though that dren are taught more regularly returning to their own village, province is but a fraction of and intensively. It is also a started a weekly Sunday school. Manchuria. The number of lihaven of peace for troubled Others, on returning home, ar- censed opium smokers increased hearts.-Presbyterian Survey. ranged for Christian specialists from 2,799 in 1919 to a total of on rural reconstruction to speak 30,858 in 1929; and the gross JAPAN -CHOSEN in their own villages. Others revenue which Japan reaped are trying in a small way to from her opium monopoly in this Laymen to the Rescue bring to pass in their villages one province leaped from 1,724,- some of the ideal presented at 844 yen in 1922 to 2,686,262 yen An encouraging feature of the the school. in 1929. A factory in Port Arpresent work in Japan is the fact thur is said to have an annual that laymen in the Japan Meth- -United Church Record. output of 70,000 lbs. odist Church are this year raising Yen 25,000.00 to meet the Letting Their Light Shine -The Christian Century. deficit caused by the reduction in appropriations, made by the Last July a worker of the Brit- 50 Years of Me.thodism three missions cooperating with ish and Foreign Bible Society the Japan church-the United and a native pastor in Hokkaido, Sunday, June 24, marked the Japan, visited Saghalin, the fiftieth anniversary of the arriv- southern half of which is the al of the first Methodist mis- farthest north territory of Ja- pan. The northern half belongs to Russia. They had heard that many Koreans live in the Jap-

sionaries in Korea. In March, It is too soon to have knowl- not give their moral support to 1884, Dr. and Mrs. Robert S. edge of later results, and much war as a method of settling in- Maclay, pioneer Methodist mis- further research is necessary. ternational disputes. . . . The sionaries in Japan, were request- vast majority of the people of ed by the Board of Foreign Mis- -Without the Camp. the world desire to live in peace sions to investigate the mission with one another. Let them say prospects in Korea. They landed Y. W. C. A. Membership so, and say so in such a way that at Chemulpo, June 24, and, their witnesses will be heard in through the good offices of the Personal allegiance to Christ the chancellories of the nations." Hon. Kim Ok Kyun, obtained is the keynote of the new alterpermission from the Emperor to nate basis of membership in the -The Pre s b y t e ria n Addo educational and medical work. National Young Women's Chris- vance. They selected a place near the tian Association, according to United States Legation for mis- formal action taken at its thir- Giving and Receiving sionary residences and Doctor teenth biennial convention, meet- Maclay was appointed first su- ing in Philadelphia in May. On In Home Missions Today and perintendent of the Korea Mis- the old. basis of membership a Tomorrow: A Review and Foresion, in March, 1885. The Rev. girl had to be a member of the cast, published by the Home Misand Mrs. Henry G. Appenzeller church beforel she could be a sions Council, is the following arrived on April 5th and a member of the Association; un- comment on mission churches: month later Dr. and Mrs. Wil- der this newly adopted alternate liam B. Scranton, and Dr. Scran- basis she can become a member In the past we have frequently ton's mother. of the Association first. Any erred in the direction of an ex- local Association that wishes to cessive paternalism in mission The celebration in Korea will remain on the Evangelical work. Too much has been dQne extend from June 24 to April church membership basis can do for people. Too little attention 5, 1935. On the same boat Dr. so. The proposed personal basis has been given to helping them Horace G. Underwood, of the is an alternative. to do for themselves. This is Presbyterian Church arrived in generally conceded today, and Chemulpo, so that both churches Buddhist Missionaries current policies look in the opwill celebrate the event in union posite direction. In a few fields services. A mass meeting in A United Press report states we have had conspicuous success Seoul on April 5, 1935, will be that a thousand Buddhist apos- in developing leadership and the climax of the celebration. tles, headed by twelve monks, capacity for self-direction. Cuba are planning a pilgrimage on and Puerto Rico are notable.in GENERAL foot from India to Rome and the this respect. So, too, is the Ne- United States to preach their gro field and some of the for- Dye Treatment religion. These apostles, or eign-language work. The Indian "lions" as they style themselves, field is an unfortunate example The treatment of leprosy by because they think it will take of relative failure in this regard, intravenous injection of syn- lion hearts to insure their safety in spite of individual exceptions. thetic dye-stuffs is arousing so on the journey, especially in Generally today there is a reamuch interest among superin- Moslem Mecca and Jewish-Mos- sonable insistence on proper lotendents of leper colonies that lem Jerusalem, come from Tibet, cal participation in financing the the Mission to Lepers deems it China, India, Burma, Siam and work. This is made difficult by wise to express a brief warning Ceylon. One of their leaders is the generally low economic levels against too much optimism. Dr. an Italian, who was educated in on mission fields. On the whole, Robert G. Cochrane, of the Brit- the United States, and in 1924 mission fields contribute fairly ish Empire Leprosy Relief As- went to Asia, and finally became according to their ability. sociation, recently wrote: "I do a Buddhist monk. not think the time has arrived Surveys vs. Activities for this treatment to be used in -Alliance Weekly. a general way, as it is still very "Today we' are much given to much in the experimental stage. Crusade Against War surveys of Foreign Missions. . . . While the results are cer- Personally I am fed up on surtainly encouraging, the number Christians throughout the veys. Twenty-five years ago we of cases was far too small to world are being urged to join in were in the midst of a great day draw any definite conclusion. a crusade against war, and for 'movements.' Everyone was Dr. Gordon A. Ryrie, who has preparation for war, through-a naIvely confident that by organhad charge of the experiments pastoral letter dealing with "the izing movements he could change with these dyes at the Sungei present international crisis," the world. There was a maxi- Buloh Colony, Kuala Lumpur, sent by officers of the Federal mum of activity then and a min- Federated Malay States, recog- Council of Churches. "The imum of thought. Today there nizes "the danger of arousing churches of Christ around the is just the opposite. We have a undue expectations." world," says the letter, "should maximum of critical thought say to their respective govern- with a minimum of activities." ments that they cannot and will HENRY SLOANE COFFIN.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information W orId Tides in the Far East. By -as to the historical trust- of Foreign Missions, 156 Fifth Ave., Basil Mathews. 12 mo. 184 pp. New York, N. Y. Paper, 60 cents; cloth, $1.00. Friend- worthiness of the New Testa- ship Press. New York. 1934. This little book is in part a ment representation of Christ, biography compiled from family Virile and gripping as everything is that comes from Basil and the truth of His miracles, records, letters and reports from Mathews, this book ranges the the mission field, and in part an Far East and brings back arrest- His atoning death and His resur- autobiography dictated near the ing facts and inferences. If he close of his life. Dr. Theodore has his way the book will soon rection. The author was for Greene of Peiping, who secured be put out of date by the rapid the original dictation remarks, movement toward "the coopera- some years a missionary in Ja- "Outstanding impressions have tive rebuilding of life toward been the untiring energy of Dr. which its argument is directed." pan and is now Professor of Meanwhile the chapter-headings Lewis, his desire for the work are intriguing: The Rhythm of English Bible and Missions in to be as independent as possible, China, The Unfinished Quest of his lack of fear of any danger Japan, China's New Secular Re- the Western Theological Semiligions, The Secular Religions of connected with his work." All Japan, etc., until one comes to nary of the Reformed Church in these qualities, and more, shine the last, The Tides of God. Here from the portrait frontispiece of is no mere record of incidents or America. He has a singularly the book. movements but a proposal also of the forces that will master lucid mind and an assured and Born of sturdy Christian parand direct those tides of the Far ents and reared on a Western East until they become the tides positive faith. He deals with Pennsylvania farm, C h a r I e s of God. Lewis worked his way through the truth of the Gospels, the ra- college and m e d i c a I school, Christianity in its essential character is more national than national- tional ground for faith in the chiefly by an intense belief in his ism because it sees the higher goal of work and an irresistibly persuathe nation as integral to the Kingdom miracles of Christ, especially sive salesmanship in peddling of God; it is more human than hu- stereoscopes and views during manism because it feeds the essential His resurrection, and with the vacations. Offered $5,000 per core of man's being-his soul-which year to carry the business to humanism ignores; it is more com- mystery of the Christian life and munist than communism because it Australia, he preferred $1,000 shares both the material goods of the experience. The chapters are per year, after arduous training, visible world and the invisible and to carry the Gos.pel of physical eternal treasure of the spiritual brief, clear and direct. Any world. and spiritual healing to China. reader can follow their reason- Throughout the years of train- Incomparably the most important ing, he was consistently and efwork in the world is to share the gift ing. They "bear testimony," in fectively Christian, and his perof God in Christ with all mankind. Dr. Pieters' words, "to the Cath- sonal witness for Christ was the After all, missions in its larg- life-long expression of a radiant est and truest sense is the an- olic apostolic, historic Christian faith and a sacrificial devotion. swer to the needs of the Far East as of the rest of the world. faith. We do not look upon our- Going to China in 1896, he la- bored at Tengchow and Tsinan C. B. McAFEE. selves as giving utterance to in Shantung. Driven out by the "Boxers" in 1900, he took serv- The Facts and Mysteries of the 'opinions' on religion, whether ice with the U. S. Army of paci- Christian Faith. By A I b e r t u s fication; then began in 1902 Pieters. 215 pp. $1.25. Eerdmans our own or those of others. Our that life-labor of thirty years in Publishing Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. Paotingfu which made Taylor 1934. effort will be constantly to state, Memorial Hospital one of the outstanding missionary institu- This book is as certain as Pro- as the Christian faith, only what fessQr p~nny's book is doubtful tions of China. There, on the the great mass of Christian be- foundation laid by the martyr lievers, of all communions, ac- cept, and always have accepted, whether they were able to for- mulate it in so many words or not. There is such a thing as the Christian religion, one in its essential essence, however mani- fold in its form." Dr. Pieters'

purpose is definite and construc- tive: "We believe the Christian religion, but we do not believe it ignorantly or thoughtlessly, and our earnest desire is, not only to lead men to faith, but to lead them to a well-grounded and in- R. E. s. telligent faith."

Lu Taifu (Charles Lewis, M.D.) A Pioneer Surgeon in China. Com- piled by Robert E. Speer. 216 pp.

Cloth, $1.00. Presbyterian Board Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publls}1erl> on re~"illt of price, [381 J

doctor, George Yardley Taylor, the material grew. In most cases lenge some passages. But the and with the help of his own the talker was allowed to wan- volume as a whole merits care- trained and inspired Chinese as- der at will and to provide uncon- ful perusal, for there are evi- sistants, his skill and tireless en- sciously a fresh base for in- dent a serious purpose to face ergy built up a beneficient min- quiry." the realities of the present situ- istry to a vast and populous Because the tale of birth, edu- ation and a courageous faith in area. The railroad entrusted all cation, marriage, divorce, death, the future of the Christian its work to him; provincial and feasts, fasts, the church and its movement. The volume closes military authorities committed customs are all told by illiterate with a copious bibliography of themselves and their families to provincials, it gains in vividness pertinent religious literature, his skill and paid for it with but loses in style. We have in but the lack of an index is a de- large gifts to the hospital. consequence a series of human fect. ARTHUR J. BROWN.

In times of epidemic and documents rather loosely put to- plagu€!, Dr. Lewis threw him- gether. I slam is used for M os- The Negro's Churclb. By Benjamin E. Mays and Joseph W. Nicholson, self fearlessly into individual lems, and there are other curious New York. Institute of Social and Religious Research. 1933. 292 pp., and group relief, however har- mistakes in regard to this reli- appendix, index. $2.00.

rowing, perilous and apparently gion. The book deals with Strange as it may seem, this is the first serious social study hopeless the situation, and his Abyssinian Christian home-life of the Negro's most character- courage and fine judgment won and the influence of Islam is evi- istic group expression – his church. Both quantitatively and out. He also lent himself to the dent in many customs and tradi- qualitatively it gives insight into the structure and activity of 609 saving of the Czechs in Siberia. tions, as it is among the Copts urban congregations in twelve A "mighty hunter" by way of of Egypt. There is an excellent cities, seven southern, three northern, and two border; 185 recreation, he was as untiring glossary of Amharic words and rural churches in four countries in his personal ministry to the a fair index. S. M. ZWEMER. scattered in Georgia, Alabama, hundreds of patients in his hos- South Carolina and Texas. Ori- gins of the Negro's churches are pital. Intensely practical, he yet The Church Looks Ahead. An Analy- traced from the first congrega- sis and a Forecast. Edited by tion in South Carolina in 1773dreamed of conquering other Charles E. Schofield. 400 pp. $3.00. 1775 and the beginning of the Macmillan, New York. 1934. African Methodist Episcopal worlds in a medical missionary What is the present state of Church in 1786 and disclose journey overland straight across Protestant Christianity in Amer- some of the "means of separat- ing an unwanted racial group Asia, carrying relief to the phys- ica and what is the prospect for from common public worship." its future? The editor has ically needy in the far interior sought answers to these ques- A chapter given to the Negro tions from twenty prominent ministry shows that 80 per cent and with it the word of Life in ministers and he gives them in this volume, adding his own. of the urban pastors were not Christ. The dream was not real- The symposium can hardly be college trained and 72.3 per cent deemed a cross section of Amer- have neither college nor semiized; but the practical dreamer, ican Protestantism, for of the nary degrees; that college men twenty-one writers sixteen are "get more than an even chance when called to his reward in the Methodists, three are Congre- to become pastors of large churches," that college men in summer of 1932, left behind him gationalists, and two are college Negro seminaries are increasing and university professors whose but the total number of students a tremendously active and fruit- denominational connection is not in Negro seminaries have de- i n d i cat e d. The symposium creased in eight years, and that ful work and memories of a would have a broader scope if it had included some representa- the number of college students skilful hand and a loving heart tive Baptists, Episcopalians, Lu- contemplating the ministry is therans and Presbyterians. Howof one who had sincerely be- ever, every writer is a Christian small in comparison with those entering other professions. lieved and proved that "it is leader and his viewpoint is catholic. The subjects cover a The Negro minister's mes- .Cmeolvree."blessedCOtUoRgTEivNAeYthHa. nF to re – wide range, theology, sacra- sages are analyzed from ver- batim reports of many sermons ENN. ments, evangelism, missions, education, Christian ethics, the heard. Excerpts show twenty- The Abyssinian at 'Home. By C. H. social gospel, personal religion, six out of one hundred sermons Walker. 213 pp. $3.00. Macmil- the Bible, the Church, religious "touched concrete life situa- lan, New York; Sheldon Press, journalism, city and country tions," fifty-four were predomi- London. churches, church union, preach- ing and worship, pastoral work, nantly "other worldly," and two As a result of twenty years in etc. As might be expected the contact with life in Abyssinia, chapters vary in interest and and the compilation of an Am- value and the reader, like this haric-English Dictionary, the author knows the people inti- reviewer, will probably chalmately and in this study of their life allows them to tell their own story of their home and environment. "As the real life of the Abyssinian is a closed book to the stranger, the difficulty lay in the making of conversation, nor is it easy to persuade a native to discourse at length on any given subject and to exhaust it in detail. Point after point, however, was gradually dealt with, and

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSH:ElLF

were highly doctrinal or theo- minds." The ownership and con- the schools spend nothing on re- logical. In more than 65 per trol provide opportunity for ligious education; twenty per cent of the sermons dealing with initiative, self-direction, per- cent spend less than $1.00 per the present life and in many sonal recognition and for the member, and the average is other worldly sermons, one is common man "freedom to relax" only 52 cents per year. able "to glimpse the present so- as well as community and social The trends in American colcial and economic problems that center, stimulus to education leges are also considered toconfront the Negro." and business. The Negro's gether with the church colleges, As to membership, "there is Church has "potentialities to be- the university pastor, and types no u n i for mit y among the come possibly the g rea t est of instruction given. churches for determining the spiritual force in the United JAMES F. RIGGS.

basis of membership" but "hon- States." GEORGE EDMUND HAYNES. Japanese Festival and Calendar Lore. By William Hugh Erskine, M.A. est and courageous efforts" are Kyo Bun Kwan and Bethany Colbeing made to keep adequate ac- Angola-The Land of the Blacksmith Prince. By John T. Tucker, Maps, counts of members. In the ur- lege Book Store, Agent, Bethany, Illus. 8vo. 180 pp. 38. 6d. paper. West Virginia. pp. 208. $1.50. ban churches 35.6 per cent had less than 200 members, 48.7 per World Dominion Press. London. The author is a student of cent between 200 and 1,000 1933. Japanese customs and his little members, and 7.7 per cent had Angola, West Central Africa, book on that subject has reached 1,600 or more members. There is Portuguese territory. As a a fourth edition. Here is a supwere more members per church plement on all the complications in Northern than in Southern mission field it is occupied by of the lunar-solar calendar of cities, largely due to migration workers of the American Board, Japan with notes on the feast of recent years, but in both sec- the Angola Evangelical Mission, days, the astrological value of tions more than half of the re- the Baptist Missionary Society the days and seasons and the ported membership was "rela- poetry and superstitions contively idle, leaving the work to and nine other societies, in adbe carried by less than half." dition to Roman Catholics. This nected therewith. Japan in this survey, with its clear maps, gives respect owes much to the Taoist In their programs urban calendar of China with its sys- the human background and his- tem of lucky days, magic octachurches have "from the begin- tory, the product of mission ning followed in general the pat- work and the "Challenge of the gons, and zodiacal rubbish. The tern set up by the white Unreached." Great geographical third part of the book deals with churches . . . including those oracles. "Metal-positive-monkey things common to most churches areas are still untouched by any day" occurs six times in 1933 of the working classes and peo- missionary work. For example and is unlucky. "HIGAN are ple of ordinary means." The au- days of meditation, and come thors believe the Negro is over- in one district of North Angola twice a year at the Equinox. It churched both South and North are twenty-nine tribes with a is the time when the sun is because available church money population of nearly 1,000,000, straight east and west in the is too thinly spread for an effec- wit h missionaries working morning and evening, and so the tive church program. among only three of the tribes. common people say that it is the In dis c u s sin g the rural It is clear evidence that the mis- day on which the western gate is sionary task, far from being completed, is only fairly begun.

churches, the study shows that Standards and Trends in Religious opened and the souls of the dead rural membership per church is Education. Hortshorne, Stearns are approachable for service. An much smaller than urban, but and Uphaus. $2.00. 230 pp. Yale extra serving of the meals of the percentages of regular contribu- University Press. 1933. day should be set before the tors and average attendance are The Institute of Social and Family Altar or on the God higher. Rural pastors are more Religious Research is responsi- Shelf. It is a good day to serve poorly trained than urban and ble for this latest in a series of the dead and attend to their the turnover of ministers is four volumes, dealing with graves, as their rewards of sucgreater. The program of rural trends in Religious Education. cess and virtue are unlimited." churches is much like that of the It would be a tonic to pastors, One would imagine that in a urban churches some decades Religious Education directors land where illiteracy is the rare ago. Sunday services led by a and all interested in knowing the exception, such superstitions minister, midweek services and facts to read and study the book. would rapidly disappear. S. M. ZWEMER. Sunday schools in the hands of It uncovers facts by hunting laymen, and revivals comprise them out and bringing them to Church Union in Canada, Its Causes the main features. the attention of others, showing and Consequences. By Claris Ed- the type of work done, the need win Silcox. 8 vo. 493 pp. $3.00. Their church is the "most thoroughly owned and con- for better teaching, the relation Institute of Social and Religious trolled public institution of the of the minister to Religious Edu- Research. New York. 1933.

race" and hundreds of churches cation and the amount spent in This is the report of an in- "operate sufficiently well to war- education. It is surprising to quiry entered upon some two rant commendation of critical learn that sixty-one per cent of years ago.

The book is distinctive as the "In every city swept by non- luxuries and 14% to waste. Re- concurrence, a large number of first independent review of this Presbyterian churches w ere ligion is estimated to cost $964,- more or less permanently weak- 000,000 and other philanthropies event in Canadian Church life. ened….. Non-concurrent minor- $910,000,000 while tobacco uses ities have been established, and up $1,964,000,000 and intoxi- The late Dr. Ephraim Scott and with the exception of Halifax, cants and narcotics $2,325,000,- new and often expensive build- 000. Various luxuries, semi-lux- Prof. E. Lloyd Morrow wrote ings have been erected (304-5). uries and wasteful expenditures alone use up about six times as from the Presbyterian stand- "The net result therefore in much as is spent on religious and certain towns has been the estab- philanthropic service for :human point, and the United Church lishment of twenty-two minority welfare. congregations to offset seventeen case was presented by the late consolidations, a net aggregate Mr. Vickery then goes on to increase of five churches in the show the present human need in Dr. S. D. Chown. Now an out- 104 towns as a result of church America, the poverty stricken, union" (Page 323). the ignorant, the handicapped, sider appears and after diligent the orphaned, the sick, the aged, For this failure to make union the unemployed, the vicious. He research and examination re- complete and its ideals attain- pointed out the inadequacy of able through the United Church church and private charitiesports the fruit of his labors. The the author places a measure of numerous as they are. It is the blame upon the leaders in favor aim of the Golden Rule Founda- Director, Rev. C. E. Silcox, was of union, but assigns the larger tion to coordinate and to coop- share to the non-concurring erate with existing charities, both painstaking and assiduous Presbyterians. Opinions her e making known the needs, gath- must differ. One weakness of the ering and distributing funds as in this undertaking. Whatever inquiry to us is the seeming as- they are supplied. Golden Rule sumption that the virtue of or- Sunday, and Golden Rule Week the merit of his conclusions he ganic church union does not with self-denial dinners, form a admit of question and that this worthy and practical institution. has placed the churches under scheme in particular merited unanimous support. Many other valuable features great obligation for the valuable are included in the volume- W. M. ROCHESTER, poems, giving alphabet, quotainformation, ecclesiastical, so- Editor, The Presbyterian tions on giving, a dramatic sketch, suggestions for Christcial, and political he has gath- Record, Toronto. mas and anniversary gifts, for supplementing the family income ered, making this volume in The Golden Rule Book. Compiled and for budgeting. and Edited by Charles V. Vickery. many particulars a reliable work 12 mo. 194 pp. $1. The Golden In the S,ecret of His Presence. By G. Rule Foundation. New York. 1933. H. Knight. 8 vo. 230 pp. 3s 6d. of reference. , Pickering and Inglis. London. 1933. Here is an excellent compila- Certain important conclusions tion of suggestions for a "prac- Every Christian feels the need tical recovery program for every for a life of quiet communion of the author are plain: 1. The household and individual." It with God. The more busy the links "The Old Ideal and the New life the greater is the need for Union is not complete. This is Deal." After presenting some time to be alone with the Father, very definite lessons from the to hear Him speak and to speak known in Canada. Press refer- depression experiences, with to Him. This devotional volume many interesting illustrations will help make this spiritual exences to the United Church of from life, Mr. Vickery takes up perience real, fruitful, practical our national wealth. By figures – for ministers, missionaries, Canada declare it to be a merger and charts he shows that Amer- teachers or any earnest lay ica is far from poverty stricken Christians. The author, with of the three bodies, Presbyteri- since the United States, for simplicity and clearness, shows only seven per cent of the world's how quiet times may be made ans, Methodist, and Congrega- population posseses 74% of the times of vision and of strength; world's automobiles, 62% of t!te how courage and joy displace tionalist. In its reference to the fear, discouragement and disap- petroleum, 52 % of the corn, 62 '70 pointment. It is not a definitenon – concurring Presbyterians Bible study or a book of experi- of the cotton and a dispropor- ence, but contains truth that and in the complete statistical tionately large share of other will stimulate and nourish spir- natural resources and modern ituallife. report of The Presbyterian manufactured products. Only Church in Canada readers will %% of the national expendi- tures go to the church, 1112 % to learn that only a part of the schools, 81,4 % to crime, 22 % to original Presbyterian Church was merged in the new body.

2. Union in the measure at- tained was born of bitter and protracted strife. Union did not spring from unity. Division in the Presbyterian Church mani- fested itself early and the oppo- sition was strong and growing as seen in the second vote which in the interval of four years showed an increase for union of 600, and an increase of 23,000 against union (Page 173). This strife left, "a legacy of bitter- ness which separated friends, ~nd broke churches, communi- ties, and the nation at large into fighting factions" (Page 463).

3. Contention prevailed after union and is likely to prevail for some time in the form of litiga- tion, as a consequence of the in- corporating the United Church.

4. The ends sought by Union, prevention of overlapping and economy, have not been reached.

Books v "PROPHECY!!

Something Happened. Mildred Cable The Living Religions of the Indian Keith L. Brooks' monthly magazine is something and FraneeS<:.a French. 5;. RQdder People. Nicol Macnicol. 324 pp. & Stoughton. London. lOs. 6d. Student Christian Move- prophetic students never do without after seeing ment Press. London. Send 10 cents, year $1.00 The Eclipse of Christianity in Asia. one copy. L. E. Browne. 198 pp. lOs. 6d. Glimpses of Uganda. K. M. E. Lil- Cambridge University Press. Lon- lingston. 73 pp. Church Missionary BROOKS PUBLISHEIlS don. Society. London. 2003 Addison Way Los Anllele., Calif. Samuel Marsden. S. M. Johnstone. Christ and Japan. Toyohiko Kagawa. 256 pp. 7s. 6d. Australian Book 150 pp. $1.00 cloth, 50 cents paper. Obituary Notes Co. London. Friendship Press. 1934. Dr. H. T. McLaughlin, who went to Back of the Mountain. Mary Brew- The Eclipse of Christianity in Asia. Egypt under the United Presbyterian ster Hollister. 155 pp. $1.25. L. E. Browne. 200 pp. $3.50. Cttm,. Board in 1898, died recently. He was Revell. New York. bridge University Press. London. the last of this church's pioneers to Macmillan. New York. the Sudan. Come lIoly Spirit. Carl Barth and Eduard Thurneysen. 287 pp. $2. Fresh Sp!jngs-C. M. S. Story of the *** Round Table Press. New York. Year 1933. Phyllis L. Garlick. 127 pp. Is. Church Missionary Society. Rev. J. H. Holmes, an L. M. S. mis- The Di$Coverers of the Fiji Islands- London. sionary in Papua for 28 years, died Tasman, Cook, Bligh, Wilson, Bel- in London early in May. He had lings}lausen. G. C. Henderson. 342 Grace, Child of the Gobi. Mildred translated the New Testament into pp. 18s. Murray. London. Cable and Francesca French. 67 the language of the Naman tribes. pp. 35 cents. China Inland Mis- A Survey of Religion in South Africa, sions. Philadelphia. *** 1933. 86 pp. 2s. 9d. So. Mrican National S. S. Assn. Port Eliza- Gold Mountain. Philip F. Payne. Mrs. H. V. Noyes, missionary for beth. 150 pp. $1.00 cloth, 60 cents paper. 48 years, died in Toronto, Canada, Friendship Press. New York. February 1. She was the mother of New Learning in Old Egypt. Erd- Dr. W. D. Noyes of the Ea;:;tern Can- man Harris. 99 pp. Association A Japanese Grandmother. Emma G. ada Chinese Mission. Mrs. Noyes Press. New York. Lippard. 62 pp. 75 cents. Re;rell. went to Siam in 1872 with Mrs. Sam- New York. uel House to establish a girls' board- Hospitals Overseas. (Africa and the ing school at Bangkok. The work East Series) Illus. Map. 88 pp. The Rainbow Bridge-A Study of was successful and in 1876 she left Is. C. M. S. London. Paganism. John Strong Newberry. Siam to work among Chinese in Cali- 346 pp. $3.75. Houghton Mifflin. fornia, and then sailed for China with Myths and Legends of the Bantu. New York. her husband. Alice Werner. IIlus. 336 pp. 15s. Harrttp. London. Second Hand-A Story of Mission II If you use Work in Japan. Emma G. Lippllrd. A Short History of Religions. E. E. 158 pp. 75 cents. United Lutheran PRINTING Kellett. 607 pp. 5s. Gollancz. Pub. House. Philadelphia. London. Y OU will profit from an ac- The Second Coming of Christ. Henry quaintanceship with us. We Origins of Sacrifice-A Study in W. Frost. 251 pp. $1.50. Eerd- do the job complete in our own Comparative Religion. E. O. James. mans. Grand Rapids, Mich. plant, whether it be large or 314 pp. lOs. 6d. Murray. London. small. Suzuki Looks at Japan. Willis La- Charles W. Abel of Kwato. Russell mott. 227 pp. $1.00 cloth, 60 cents W. Abel. 255 pp. IIlus. $2.00. Re- paper. Friendship Press. New vell. New York. York.

Thinking Missions with Christ. Sam- Twice-Born Men. Hy Pickering. 144 uel M. Zwemer. 140 llll. $1.50. Zon.- pp. Is. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- dervan Pub. House. Grand Rapids, don. Mich. Whipping Post Theology or Did Je- The Romance of Labrador. Sir Wil- sus Atone for Disease. W. E. Bie- fred Grenfell. 328 pp. $4.00. Mac- derwolf. 305 pp. $1.50. Eerdmllns. millan. New York. Grand Rapids, Mich.

An African Prophet. W. J. Platt. 156 Personal Items While our specialty is Books, pp. 2s. 6d. Student Christian Maga<;ines and Pamphlets, yet Movement Press. London. (Concluded frlYm second cover.) we have a variety of IIlodern equipment to meet all the re- Sunday School Dr. Samuel A. Moffett, of the quirements of your particular Chosen Presbyterian Mission, has re- job. You will find our service Supplies ceived from the Imperial Educational prompt, careful and courteous. Association of Japan its gold medal Sound, splnluu/ for "distinguished service in the cause Will you allow us to estimate of education in Chosen." on your next printing? We be- ~ni1ns oT/1Ie lieve you will be delighted with JOlJn~I~ODlfS~KKiiefll~1 ·/IoArVoeilrDnl'IoIfnII1oInlimol/io~n~s ** * our product, price and service.

'Mile for Dr. A. E. Armstrong, Secretary of The EVANGELICAL PRESS the United Church of Canada, has left and to visit several mission fields of the Print.,., of church in Asia. The Missionary Review of the World *** PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE Third end Refly Streets Hlrrlsburg, PI. Dr. Robert M. Hopkins, Secretary of the World's Sunday School Associa- tion attended the meeting of Congo Missions, held in June with Dr. John R. Mott.

MOSLEM

SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE JULY, NUMBER: Religious Liberty ………… , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . …………. Robert E. Speer Toward Re-Thinking Missions ……………………………….. Julius Richter Th e M ecca P 'gIn' mage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1j CHl.auUd.eWL.eoSntanPtiocnkens I ''The Son of Mary" ……………………………………. Eric F. F. Bishop i Islam and the Soviets in Central Asia. . ………………………… Paul Catrice The Arabs of Oman …………………………………. ~~~W~~a~~~~~ Moslems in Capetown .,. . . . .. . …………………………. A. R. Hampson Head-Dress as Symbol ……………………….. "………… Pierre Crabites Current Topics …… Book Reviews ……Survey of Periodicals SUBSCRIBE TODAY « Address THE MOSLEM WORLD 156 FIlth Avenu. N.w Yorlc CIty Single copies, SOc.j Annual Subscription, $2.00 j in Combinlltion with the REVIEW, $3.S0 (Foreign postage for Review, SOc. extra) MARSHALL, MORGAN a SCOTT, 12 Pll….osler Bulldln••, LOIIdolt Prlc.ln Gr••1Brlleln, Eishl Shlllln••, net S:ook lOft OU-t ~peciul ?2umh~ ongupu", OCTOBER. 1934-Maps, Illustrations, Statistics Japan–·A Problem or a Challenge ……………………Charles W. Iglehart Present Day Religion in Japan …………………………A. K. Reischauer New Phases in Shinto ……………………………………A. A. Pieters The Youth of Japan-·-Whither? …………………………..Willis Lamott A Christian Rural Program ……………………………Edward M. Clark Newspaper Evangelism in Japan ………………………..Murray Walton The Influence of Christianity ………………………..S. H. Wainwright Christian Education in Japan ……………………………….. L. J. Shafer Japanese Views of Christian Missions …………………….E. C. Hennigar Overlapping in Japan " ……………….. , ……………..Wm. M. Vories ~~~~~~~ SEND YOUR ADVANCE ORDERS NOW TO ~~~~~~~ THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Third and Reily Streets, HarrisbUIg. Pa.

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The Missionary Review of the World — June 1934

1934

WHO ARE THE ORIENTALS? ……….. . Albert W. Palmer ORIENTAL STUDENTS IN AMERICA ….. Charles D. Hurrey IS AMERICA'S INFLUENCE CHRISTIAN? .. Arthur D. Young HOW SOME ORIENTALS WORSHIP ….. Florence C. Evemeyer IN CHRIST NO EAST OR WEST …………. Allan A. Hunter INTERRACIAL UNDERSTANDING …… CharlesR. Shepherd A NEW DEAL FOR ORIENTALS …………… Pardee Lowe GEl CHUCK, THE CHINESE COOK ……….. Philip F. Payne OUR OPPORTUNITY IN AMERICA ……… Virginia Kadoike THE SECOND GENERATION JAPANESE .. Frank Herron Smith EAST INDIANS IN UNITED STATES …. Theodore Fieldbrave THE FILIPINOS IN AMERICA ……………. Jose G. Deseo THE CHINATOWN CHALLENGE ……………. Edwar Lee STORY OF A CHINESE IMMIGRANT …… Theodore F. Savage

to Remember JUST OFF THE PRESS accepted an invitation from the

Dominion Movement, London, to give June 7-12-General Synod, Reformed The Other Half of Japan addresses at the Mildmay Conference Church in America. Grand RapidS, on World Evangelization, June 12th- Mich. (A Rural Perspective) 19th and will return early in July. He expects to sail from New York on June 20-27-General Assembly, Unit- By Edward M. Clark, B.D., Ph.D. June 1st and his address while abroad ed Presbyterian Church. Oxford, O. will be: Care of Founder's Lodge, Professor of New Testament Exegesis and Mildmay Conference Centre, London, June 20-27-Summer School of Mis- Rural Evangelistic Problems in the N.l. sions, Winona Lake, Indiana. Chua Theological Seminary, Kobe, Japan *** June 21-27-General Council of the Congregational and C h r i s t ian DR. BUTTERFIELD says, "I unhesi- Carlton M. Sherwood, for fifteen Churches. Oberlin, O. tatingly commend this book to every years associated with the Internation- pastor, to every church official charged al Society of Christian Endeavor, and June 26-27-Union of Reformed with administering or encouraging Chris- Editor of The Christian Endeavor Church in the U. S. and the Evan- tian relationships between East and World, resigned March 31st. gelical Synod of N. A. Cleveland, West, to every Christian layman who Ohio. gives thought to the future of the Chris- *** tian enterprise as a world force. The July S-Aug. 12-Winona School of book should be studied and Its program President Herman C. E. Liu of the Theology, Winona Lake, Ind. considered both in Japan and in Amer- University of Shanghai started on his ica." return to China on February 17. All July 20-25-World's Woman's Chris- over the land President Liu told what tian Temperance Union Convention, CONTENTS Christianity has done for China, and Stockholm. his lectures, coming from a cultured PART I. The Problem Stated Chinese, carried conviction with them. July 30-Sept. 8-Summer Seminar on PART II. The Farmer's Gospel School Education and Culture Contacts. P ART III. *** Dept. of Educati()n, Yale Univer- PART IV. (A Step Forward) sity, New Haven, Conn. PART V. The Community Parish Rev. Willis R. Hotchkiss is now re- turning to his field in Kenya, Africa. August 4-10-Baptist World Congress. (The Ideal Unit) This district, of which he was one of Berlin. An Adequate Leadership the discoverers, has changed from a jungle to one of the most productive August 21-24-Tenth National c<>n- (Tbe Actualizing Force) tea areas in the world. Its capital, vention, Evangelical Brotherhood, A United Campaign Nairobi, has 50,000 inhabitants, 20,000 Evangelical Synod of N. A. Mil- of whom are English settlers, and all waukee, Wis. (Getting Under the Load) modern conveniences, including a rail- road and weekly air service from Lon- August 21-26-General Conference, Price. Cloth $1.50 don. Seventh Day Baptist Churches. Salem, W. Va. THE EVANGELICAL PRESS •*• September 4-9 – National Baptist Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Dr. Karl Barth, Swiss theologian, c<>nvention. Oklahoma City, Okla. and professor in the University of Personal Items Bonn, Germany, has been dismissed September 12-21- United Church of from his chair because of his criticism Canada, General Conference, Kings- Mr. John T.Manson, of New Haven, of the Nazi policy which would make ton, Ont., Canada. Connecticut, has been elected the 18th the Church an arm of the government. president of the American Bible So- He expects to visit America and to October 4-13 – General Conference ciety since its foundation in 1816. Mr. lecture here in the coming autumn. Evangelical Church. Akron, O. Manson is a layman of the Presby- terian Church, U. S. A., a director of ••• October 17-United Lutheran Church a number of business corporations in- in America. Savannah, Ga. cluding the Equtable Life Assurance Dr. O. R. Avison has retired from Society. the presidency of Chosen Christian December 4-7-Federal Council of College, Seoul, at the age of 74 and the Churches of Christ in America, The Rev. Ho*war*d S*mith, American Dr. Horace H. Underwood, a Presby- Biennial Meeting. Dayton, O. terian missionary, has been elected his missionary, of the American Chris- successor. WHICH? tian Alliance of Pengshui, Szechuan Province, was captured by Commu- ••* The Red OR The Red nists on May 10th. Miss Helen Clark, Blood a British missionary, was also seized, Dr. Sidney Gulick, Secretary of the Flag but is reported to have escaped. Federal Council's Department of In- ternational Justice and Goodwill, has Near one of our camps for children The Communist leader demands completed twenty-five eventful years who have learned 500 Bible verses a $100,000 in Chinese money from of service with the Federal Council, communistic camp for children was Chang Hsueh-liang for Mr. Smith's after having been a missionary in located. While our boys and girls release. The Reds occupied many were singing of the Blood that roads, endangering other missionaries. (Continued on page 257.) cleanses from sin these other children could be heard singing The Red Flag. E. Stanley J*one*s, *"ambassador of Sunday School One of these misguided boys said to one of our workers "You can keep Christ to the peoples of Asia," recent- Supplies your Jesus; we want the Red Flag." ly visited for three days Asbury Col- lege, at Wilmore, Ky., his alma mater .~!oou~ouo. FsPl,InlIueu/ Help us safeguard the children and that sent him out to India in 1907. /ti/eroQ#oqu/Ier.rMJ young people from this terrible sys- Of more than 1,200 graduates, forty ·forQ/! /JmumInq1iotJs tem by giving them the gospel. per cent have entered Christian serv- ice. Write for THE CANADIAN SUNDAY SCHOOL MISSION and &III Lomk.. BiQ., r ..Ilipc, Mo. Dr. Jones expects to spend a por- tion of each year in China conducting .(wor1cVn.g among8t the other- an intensive campaign among the edu- wise 'Ilnreach.ed in the roraJ cated classes to counteract the grow- diBtriots of We8tern OafKJ4n,j. ing menace of Marxian Communism.

FOR C'HILDREN At>."D YOUNG PEoPLE *** -Sunday Schools, Bible MemDry Contests, Camps, Bible Correspondence Mrs. Ella A. Boole has accepted Course, Summer Bible Schools. the presidency of the World's Wom- an's Christian Temperance Union. FOR ADULTs-Radio evangelism, She will give her time and energies public meetings, house tD house visits. now to promoting the temperance work around the world. We would appreciate It If you w!11 pray for us, write to us, give through *** us. Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, of Prince- ton, editor of the Moslem World, has

MISSIONARY in our April issue (page 179), was If the

REVIEW OF THE WORLD written by Grace Noel Crowell. calls you East DELAVAN L. PmRsoN, Editor *** of Suez … sail VOL. LVII JUNE, 1934 No.6 Intelligent and large hearted read- ers occasionally write to encourage us Publication and Business Office by telling how much they enjoy and Third and Relly Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. value the REVIEW. Here are two re- cent letters: Editorial and Executive Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City "I wish to express appreciation for Entered as second-class matter at the splendid department that Mrs. Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act Aitchison is editing in THE REVIEW. of March 3, 1879. I wish that many more women were 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. subscribing for this magazine." Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published monthly, except August. MISS LILLIAN C. GRAEFF, Wom- All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. an's Missionary Somety of the Evangelical Church. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- LISHING CO., INC. "I have enjoyed the material in this magazine and have gotten so much BOARD OF DIRECTORS out of it for the missionary programs RoBERT E. SPEER, President for our Sabbath school that I can not WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President get along without it. I told our Sab- WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer bath School Board that I would be lost DELAVAN L. PmRSON, Secretary without it because of the real happen- SAMUEL MCCBEA CAVERT ings on the mission fields; the stories MBs. ORRIN R. JUDD are fine for relating to Sabbath school WM. B. LIPPHARD groups, and this material, if brought ERIC M. NORTH across in the right way, makes people MILTON T. STAUFFER missionary minded." A. L. W ARNSl1lJlS SAMUEL M. ZWEMER ANNA MILLER, West Aliquippa, Fa.

Editorial Chat Will you pass the good word along? THE ROUTE PREFERRED Here is our special-"The Orientals *** SINCE 18401 in America" number. You will find it informing, interesting, stimulating. The advertisements in the REVIEW Cross Cunard to England ••• Will you pass on word to others so are worth noting and may help to and emhark at London in a great that they too may send for copies and supply your need. We believe they are ship of this Line that traditionread them. The "Ways of Working" all reliable for we investigate before ally and for nearly a century has and Home Mission Bulletin contain accepting any advertisement. They carried the vanguard of the valuable material on the same topic. offer opportunities. Church eastward to all the lands Why should not every church and heyond Suez. P & 0 Liners, of every missionary society have copies Personilitems transatlantic size and comfort, for distribution? Do not let this good stand for the Progress of the West feast lie untouched and become stale. (Continued from 2d cover.) in scores oftropic ports and teem- ing harhours of the Indian Ocean * * '" Japan under the American Board for and the Pacific. Natives measure 25 years. time hy their swift and sure As usual some of the best items on arrival. Low rates and new, fast, our "Bill of Oriental Fare" were * * '" luxurious ships make the voyage crowded out of this June number. an exceptional value. Those that did not come in time we Dr. Ralph E. Diffendorfer, correexpect to use in July-One is by Don- sponding secretary of the Board of PENINSULAR aldina Cameron, the "Lo Mo" of San Foreign Missions of the Methodist AND ORIENTAL AND Francisco's Chinatown; another is by Episcopal Church, sailed April 7 for a Korean on the Koreans in America; an extended official tour in Central BRITISH INDIA STEAM there are also some interesting stories and South America. He plans to visit, NAVIGATION COMPANIES of work for Orientals. Watch for personally, every piece of work conthem. ducted by the Methodist Board in Regular sailings from London, these lands. Gihraltar and Marseilles to India, '" * * Ceylon, Burma, Straits Settle- (Concluded on page 320.) ments, China, Japan, Australia, Occasionally the REVIEW prints mis- New Zealand, Egypt, Sudan, takes – and is caught. Sometimes AGENTS WA~TED Persian Gulf, East and Souih these errors are due to the "printer's Africa, etc. devil," at other times to the source THE MISSIONARY REVIEW can from which the news comes-period- be sold in quantities to every Mis- Complete information from icals, authors, letters; sometimes the Your Local Agent or Editor's "blind spot" is responsible. sionary Society. It furnishes infor- In our May number, page 218, ap- mation in brief, interesting form for t;UNARD~LINE peared the pictures of four American leaders and discussion groups. Why Board missionaries to India. They not act as our Agent in your church GENERAL AGENTS should be labeled (left to right) Wil- or community? You can advance the 25 Broadway New York liam W. Scudder (not John), and John cause of Foreign Missions, and at the E. Chandler, early Madura mission same time earn a liberal commission. workers; Samuel Fairbank and Allen Hazen, Marathi missionaries. We do Address-Circulation Manager, not place the blame for the error-it The Missionary Review o/the World. is enough to point out the correction. Third and Reily Streets, *** Harrisburg, Pa.

A reader informs us that the poem [257 ] "Then Let Us Pray," which appeared

AMERICAN CHRISTIANS WELCOME FOREIGN

INTERNATIONAL HOUSE, BERKELEY, (:ALIFORNIIA INTERNATIONAL HOUSE, CHICAGO, Il,LINOIS These International Houses are built by private philanthropy to bring American and Foreign students together under Christian auspices ORIENTALS IN AMERICA RESPOND TO CHRISTIAN INFLUENCES FIRST JAPANESE REFORMED CiHURCH, SAN FRANOISCIO, CALIFORNTAr-REV. SOHEl KOWATA, MINDSTER WHERE ORIENTAL STUDENTS LEARN THE CHRISTIAN WAY OF LIFE A YOUNG PEOPLE'S CHRISTIAN CONFERENCE IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA, 1983 REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER SIX JUNE, 1934 Topics of the Times THE SECRET OF PERMANENCE 000 out of a population of over 125,000,000 peo- On what do the permanence and power of Chris- ple (a little over two-tenths of one per cent), why tian missions depend? On institutions, or organizations, on strong continued financial support? should so much attention be given to this small Some missions and work are criticized on the ground that the results are not permanent because group of Asiatic races who have come here to earn they depend chiefly on preaching the Gospel and Bible teaching but establish no large schools or a living, to gain an education or to find a home? colleges, no well-equipped hospitals or large well- Christians are interested and every intelligent organized churches. Such institutions are good but in themselves they do not insure permanence. American citizen should be interested in these Any physical institution may be destroyed in a night or may be taken over by a hostile govern- Orientals-Why? ment. The secret of permanence is life. Good seed (the Word of God), planted (in prayer) and (1) Because they are fellow humans. They nurtured (by the Holy Spirit), until it takes root and bears fruit, is the best assurance that a work may not be of the same blood or general appearwill abide. This was the secret of the permanence and progress of the work of Christ and His ance as Occidentals but they are men and women apostles. The gates of death and all the opposing forces of the devil could not prevail against that ·aopf ptehtel.tesas,mwe ehaukmneasnsefsamanildy,pwosisthibisliimtieisla. r natures' work. Everything that God provides may be an asset but sometimes we have been tempted today (2) The fact that they are different in educato look upon physical equipment, large institutions, elaborate organization and financial tion, in habits and in ideas, makes them the more strength as an evidence of permanence, rather than on life, implanted, nurtured, spreading. Men interesting, and we can learn much' from them. can demolish institutions. They cannot destroy life-God given life. Since America is a "Melting Pot" of many races WHY THIS INTEREST IN ORIENTALS? and nationalities it behooves us to study the in- gredients and to learn how they can best be assim- ilated so as to make a strong nation.

(3) Because many of these Orientals are Amer- ican born and are therefore citizens of the United States with all the privileges and responsibilities of citizenship. They need to be understood, to have sympathy and fair treatment-which many of them do not experience.

(4) Because they may be either an asset or a liability in American life. If they learn to love their new home, and to sympathize with our high- est ideals and methods, they will bri nmgasytrbeencgotmh~· if they are alienated by abuse they dangerous and disturbing elements in society; or This number of THE REVIEW is devoted to the a source of weakness, as clay mixed with iron.

"Orientals in America," the topic which mission- (5) Because these Orientals who have come ary-minded groups in churches of all denomina- from China, Japan, Korea, India and the Philiptions are to study during the coming year. Half pines have influence in their home lands-our a dozen books on the same subject have been pub- neighbors across the Pacific. The most important lished at considerable expense by The Missionary events of the future will probably transpire Education Movement. Since the total number t>f around the Pacific Ocean and it behooves America Orientals in the United States is only about 275,- to cultivate friendly contacts with these nations.

[259 ]

Many Orientals and their children will return to also made to the Oaxtepec Rural Normal govern- their former homes and some of them will there ment school.

occupy positions of importance-in politics, in The most important meeting was one on education, in business and industry and in reli- education since a series of recent rulings by the gion. It is worth while to give them Christian Federal Department of Education had raised fun- opportunities and to make them friends. damental questions about the continuance of mis- (6) Because many Orientals in America have sion schools. The increasing tendency of the cen- come under such helpful influences that they have tral government to make education a monopoly either remained here to help America or they have of the State creates difficulties for every private returned home to bring blessing to their own peo- school. Some seem to detect a trend, under the ple and to the world. Among these are men and name of socialistic education, to impose material- women like Toyohiko Kagawa of Japan, Huie Kin istic and anti-religious instruction not only upon of China, Pandita Ramabai of India and hundreds the official schools but also upon private schools.

of others known and unknown to fame. A decided anti-religious tendency is noted in (7) Finally these Orientals, as strangers in a states like Tabasco which expresses itself in a strange land, need Christian friendship, teaching campaign against everything religious.

and influences; they are men and women with im- In view of the present situation, it is found mortal souls for whom Christ died and whom He necessary to establish a new line of action for included in His commission when He directed His evangelical educational work as soon as possible.

disciples to proclaim the Good News to all na- Instead of this meaning a curtailment of Chris- tions, by word and life. We have an obligation tian activities, a careful study of conditions to understand them, to love them, and to witness showed a large field of need completely open for to them of the abundant life that Christ has made such work. It was therefore decided to organize possible. and intensify four types of evangelical work.

For self-interest and for human interest, in 1. One line will be through Christian social acknowledgment of our debt to them and to Jesus centers, chiefly in rural districts, with an inten- Christ, in view of their achievements and their sive program of economic, social and cultural possibilities, there is good reason to study the improvement, good citizenship, education of the Orientals in America, to use the knowledge thus surrounding community, active evangelism and gained and to share with these people all the bless- religious training. The activities will include lec- ings we enjoy. tures, medical dispensary work, minor industries, domestic economy, hygiene, reading-rooms, teach- A CHALLENGING PROGRAM IN MEXICO* ing the care and education of children, coopera- At the invitation of the evangelical forces of tive production, religious studies, guidance in Mexico, representatives of most of the Protestant Christian service and training in the spiritual life. Mission Boards working in Mexico spent the week March 14-21 conferring both in union and in de- 2. Another type of service will be through stunominational gatherings with the Mexican Chris- dent hostels established in educational centers tian leaders in reference to the future of Chris- such as Mexico City and other state capitals. tian work, in view of the perplexing changes of Here students attending government schools can government regarding Christian schools and other be offered the surroundings of a Christian home with individual guidance in life problems. activities. Besides the educational conferences in Mexico 3. The program calls for the emphasizing of Christian literature. More anti-Christian litera- City, there were meetings of various groups in the ture is in circulation. Books, magazines and interests of union enterprises, including the Na- pamphlets should have a larger share in evangelitional Christian Council of Mexico, the Mexico cal work than ever before. Committee of the Committtee on Cooperation in Latin America, the Union Publishing House, the 4. One fundamental element in all phases of the Union Theological Seminary. A group visit was task is evangelical religious education. This can no longer be given in the school but it can and must be improved in the home and church. Chris- • The Mission Boards working in Mexico have been the first to tian education, in terms of life and character, must permeate-the entire evangelical program. carry out the suggestions of the last meeting of the Foreign Missions Conference, that secretaries unitedly should visit fields of work The Union Theological Seminary is also to be and consult with representative leaders of the national forces con- reorganized and relocated, emphasizing the decerning the new program of Christian service which Is demanded velopment of rural leadership and preparing min- isters for the anticipated government requirein these fields by neW conditions. ment that religious workers must do a certain The following board secretaries attended the Mexican conferences: amount of manual work. Dr. W. G. Cram and Miss S. L. MacKinnon of the Southern Method- 'ist Church, Dr. Thos. S. Donohugh of the Methodist Episcopal Church (north), Dr. John A. Mackay of the Northern Presbyterian Church, Miss Lela E. Taylor and Rev. Roy G. Ross of the Disciples, Dr. Robert M. Hopkins of the World's Sunday School Association, Samuel G. Inman of the Co=ittee on Cooperation in Latin Amer- Ica. The Congregationalists, Friends and Baptists were represented by specially appointed missionaries. S. G. I.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Evangelical missions must shift their programs economic and physical handicaps. Does the average since the Mexican Government is preparing to do white American citizen realize that the death rate among much of the educational and philanthropic work his red brothers is twice that among his own people?

for which the missions have carried responsibility. From tuberculosis alone, in one western state-Montana- Christian workers are now able to devote more a recent survey shows that the death rate of the Indian population over a six-year period (ending 1931) shows time to their primary spiritual work. They will twenty-seven times that of the white population of the be able to mingle with the new vigorous forces state, one county being excluded. . . .

that are transforming the life of the people and In economic conditions too, there has long been urgent need of saving action. In 1887, in an effort to reform the by friendly ministries will be able to bring the system pronounced "accursed," the Government instituted land allotment. The aim back of this was to reform the spiritual forces to bear on the social program and Indian by inCUlcating in him the white man's way of living. To that end the reservations were broken up from vast to show how Christ's teachings affect actual life tribal tracts into individually owned pieces, and the Indians were told to farm these pieces as the white man did and situations. to give up their old tribal habit of operating their land in common. This system, however sincerely it may have These are the merest outlines of a far-reaching been instituted, has .been a source of economic loss to the Indians which is rapidly bringing them to ruin. From its program. To one,who has been familiar with the beginning in 1887 to the present time, two-thirds of the Indian-owned property has passed to white ownership as a evangelical work for many years, it seems that result of the forcing on an inexperienced race the respon- sibilities for individual ownership and operation of propthere has never beel). worked out up to the present erty. . . . In ten tribes recently studied it was discovered that the average per capita income was no more than $47 time such a challenging Christian program and per year. What can be expected of a people so frightfully handicapped by poverty and disease? . . . Is not some never could Christian forces outside of Mexico be drastic measure of reform imperatively needed?

asked with more enthusiasm to help support this program. SAMUEL G. INMAN.

THE INDIAN PROBLEM TODAY The Wheeler-Howard Bill The American Indian is still a problem. So is The plan put forward in the Wheeler-Howarq Bill is the Negro, and the Oriental in America. Can we as follows: to repeal the land allotment laws whIch have omit from the list the migrant workers, mountain- made it not only possible but unavoidable in many cases eers, miners, slum dwellers, farmers, the idle rich, for the Indians to sell their lands at sacrificial prices; to youth, parents? They all present problems which set aside an appropriation of $2,000,000 a year to buy are unsolved because every individual represents back for the tribes, lands which they have lost; and, a problem until he is properly adjusted to life. since these lands are chiefly operable in large units such as forest and range tracts, to make it possible for Indians But the Indian is, in an especial sense, an Amer- now living on widely scattered allotments (no one of ican problem because his ancestors were original which in itself is sufficient to yield its owner a living) to tenants-much sinned against-and the descend- consolidate these scattered tracts into large contigUOUS ents have been considered the wards of the Na- areas; and last, to make available to the Indian owners tion-too often exploited. It seems unbelievable of such tracts modern credit facilities, such as are availthat after four hundred years of contact with sup- able to white business men, and to supply them with techposedly superior white civilization, and after a nical advice in matters of administration and operation. century and a half of Governmental supervision and missionary influence, the Indian is still to so However, reform cannot rest entirely on economic prolarge an extent uncivilized, uneducated, and unad- visions. It requires also attention to the human side of justed to modern life. the Indian situation. How can reform be put into effect when the Indians themselves have no voice in the man- The Hon. John Collier, U. S. Commiesioner of agement of their affairs, no hand in the management of Indian Affairs, is endeavoring to correct some of their own money, no voice in determining what local conthe evils that hinder Indian progress, and to this ditions shaH,. be as to the health and education of their end is sponsoring the Wheeler-Howard Bill now children, no ~ght even to assemble, no normal human repending in Congress. This bill (as described in sponsibilities in fact? . . . our April number) is the subject of considerable debate and difference of opinion among statesmen, The Wheeler-Howard Bill offers the Indians the oppormissionaries and Indians. It may have an im- tunities so long denied them to function as citizens. It portant bearing on the future of the Indian for it will give to those Indians who so desire the right to organincludes plans for promoting community life on ize municipal self-government under certaill provisions reservations, with self-government and protec- of Government supervision. It will aiIlli at instructing the tion. It is confessedly an experiment to do away Indian as to the best civic and moral methods to employ' with the evils of the "allotment system" and ex- in operating these municipalities, and it is hoped that, ploitation by greedy white men. Mr. Collier says, with the years, they may become capable of functioning in in a letter to the editor: our Government as independently as white men do. . . .

On coming into office the administration was faced The Wheeler-Howard Bill does not, as has been with the most serious of all human problems-the disin- charged, attempt to "segregate" the Indians in any way tegration of a people, morally and spiritually, through whatsoever. It does not take any land away from any group or individual to give it to landless groups and in- dividuals. It does not in any way cut the Indian off from contact and association with his white neighbors. Least of all does the bill even by indirection militate against

Christian work among the Indians. Instead of ~oing .any knowledged his indebtedness to Dr. Fisher for of these things, it will secure more land ~o the IndIans and it will prevent them, from losing to whIte people that furnishing translations from this Turkish history. That was enough. Although Dr. Fisher has never which they already have. It will immeasurably raise the said or writen anything against the Government educational opportunities open to them, making av~iIable the mere furnishing of a translation, which was to Indian youths training comparab~e to that cons.Idered indispensable to the children of whIte men. It WIll not used by some unknown writer, was enough to conimpose the slightest restriction on the freedom of any demn him. The Government informed Robert Indian to come or go as he wishes. . . . College that Professor Fisher would not be al- Within recent years the Indian was actually subject lowed to return to Turkey.

to segregating physical restri~tions .making it i~possib~e The tenth anniversary of the Republic offers for him to leave his reservatIOn WIthout a whIte man s permission. Those restrictions have now been remo~ed, evidence of the remarkable progress made in these but his terrible mental and spiritual segregation remams. ten years, but any conscientious report would Should that not also be lifted? The present administra- hardly be flattering enough to please the Turkish tion believes that it should. Government. One example of the striking prog- ress is, however, in education – in schools of all There is no question as to the evils connected types. The present regime has given great attenwith the present system. The. great question is tion to them, so that Turkish schools are better as to how the root of the evil can be removed so housed and furnished, better taught, and better that the Indian will be protected from exploitation disciplined, than ever before. But the teaching in and given an opportunity and incentive to take his these schools is selfish and narrowly nationalistic. place as an intelligent, useful American citizen. The teachers frequently fail to receive their pay, They need economic development, education in the and many blocks are put in the way of real proglaws of health, basic intellectual and moral train- ress. The Government's attitude toward many of ing; incentive and ability to perform the duties the foreign schools has been one of petty interof citizenship, and recognition of responsibility ference and of scarcely concealed opposition. and relationship to God. Tribal dances and superstitious rites should be discredited as unwhole- Other signs of progress are the better marriage some relics of the past, while the best character- laws, strict monogamy, and the emancipation of istics of the Indians are recognized and developed. woman. But in the interior of the country polyg- They should not be exploited either morally or amy is still practiced with little concealment, and financially, nor should any shortsighted policy be the veil is by no means lifted from women in adopted that tends to keep them segregated and most towns, and in practically all of the villages. under different laws from those that govern other citizens. The Wheeler-Howard Bill, with some INTERNATIONAL FRIENDSHIP HOUSES modification, promises to help solve some fea- tures of the Indian problem but there are others A large number of students have been coming that can only be solved as individuals-White and to America from foreign lands and, as a rule, have Red-become intelligent, Christian citizens in a attended schools and colleges in large cities such Christian environment. as New York, Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, San Francisco and Los Angeles. To create under- PROGRESS AMID DIFFICULTIES IN standing and friendship between them and Amer- TURKEY* ican students, and to furnish accommodations in The Turkish Government is extremely national- wholesome surroundings, three large Internaistic and is so jealous and suspicious that very tional Houses have been built by private philaninnocent things get people into trouble. For in- thropy – one each in New York, Chicago and stance, note the expulsion of Professor Edgar J. Berkeley. In many other cities and in some col- Fisher, Dean of Robert College. The Government leges and universities there are hostels and club prepared its own textbook of universal history, houses that bring these foreign students under five volumes in Turkish, and ordered that no other Christian influence. text of history shall be used in any school. All foreign schools must use it and it must be taught The number of foreign students has decreased by Turkish teachers. The book describes the in recent years and the number of foreign stu- Turkish race as the originator of all civilization. dents in the International Houses is from one- Last year there appeared in an American educa- third to two-thirds less than eight years ago. In tional periodical a none too flattering critique of the New YorK International House, for example, this unique history, The writer, in fairness, ac- the number of Oriental stUdents has decreased from 154 in 1926 to 51 in 1934. This is largely due to the economic depression. These Houses of * All the Mission boards and societies have been forced to cut Friendship are important cultural centers, with an atmosphere of brotherliness at home and abroad, down their missionaries' salaries: then, after the 20% to 40% cut but they are not open to evangelistic efforts. has been made, the fall In the dollar cuts olI a third of the remainder. The American consular and diplomatic offtclals are paid on the gold baSis-but not missionaries!

Are the Orientals in America?

By PRESIDENT ALBERT W. PALMER, D.D., LL.D., Ii- -..a{ Chicago, Illinois Author of "Orientals in American Life," etc.

ORIENTALS are people who come from the over half a century and has now come to a period East. The word grew up in an English of fruitage and of new opportunity which makes and European setting where Arabia, Per- it an important enterprise for the churches to sia, India, China, Japan and the Philippines were understand and carry forward.

normally approached by going further and fur- The statistical tables which accompany this ar- ther east. Hence people from all these lands were ticle reveal at a glance the spread of Orientals called Orientals, those around the end of the Medi- throughout the continental United States and the terranean Sea being considered as in the "near" areas of their greatest concentration, as re- East and those in India, China and Japan as in ported by the census of 1930. To these figures the "far" East. We still use these terms in Amer- should be added those for Hawaii: 27,179 Chiica though, as a matter of fact, Japan, China and nese, 139,631 Japanese and 63,052 Filipinos, or the Philippines are in our near East or rather, 229,862 out of a total population of 368,336 in the since we normally go west to visit them, our "near territory. It should also be noted that these figwest," and we might as well call them Occidentals ures deal with race, not with national allegiance. as Orientals! All of which only shows that the About half of them are American-born and are line "East is East and West is West" is by no therefore American citizens by birth-right. This means as true as the poet thought it was! applies to those born in Hawaii just as much as to those born on the mainland of the United However, "Orientals in America" still means to us the people of Asia, especially those of China, States. Japan, and the Philippine Islands. There are What are the characteristics of these peopl~?

Arabs, Persians and East Indians in America but Much alike as all Orientals may look and seem to their number is small and they do not affect social us, they have their distinct differences of which conditions or create any race problem of impor- they themselves are very conscious. The Chinese tance. There are 6,400 Koreans in Hawaii but and Japanese have much in common in that both the number on the American mainland is very use the same written characters, though they pro- small, so that we here confine ourselves to the nounce them differently; they employ related art three larger groups, the 75,000 Chinese, the 140,- forms and think largely in terms of Confucian 000 Japanese and the 50,000 or 60,000 Filipinos. philosophy and Buddhist religious concepts. The All three together, total only about 275,000, not a Filipinos, though probably akin to the Japanese in very large block amid a population of 125,000,000 blood, with a considerable Chinese admixture, -only a little over two-tenths of one per cent. have been largely Christianized and have a cul- ture which owes more to Spain and, since 1898, Why bother about such a small minority? to America, than to Japan or even China. In Why should a series of textbooks about them be general the three groups, though often living in prepared and their study be urged upon all the churches? adjacent parts of American cities, are quite as The answer is that, while their number is rela- separate and distinct here as in their homelands tively small when compared with the whole Amer- across the Pacific. ican population, they represent a larger and more The Chinese in the United States are characterimportant proportion in certain areas like the ized by industry, thrift, capacity for sustained Pacific Coast where avery real and sensitive ra- toil, and commercial genius. They are excellent cial adjustment problem has arisen because of students and, in spite of a passion for gambling them. They also have a vital relationship to their and some addiction to opium, have an excellent homelands and so, for good or evil, they help to reputation for good behavior, and their criminal color and condition our dealings with these trans- record is well below the average for the total Pacific neighbors of whose importance we are be- American population. The economic and social coming increasingly aware. Moreover, mission- walls which racial discrimination has raised ary work has been carried on among them for against them have tended to shut them up in [263 ]

"Chinatowns," which if they were Jews would railroad builders. Even so, their competition and be called "ghettoes." Lack of economic oppor- increasing numbers struck terror to the heart of tunity has also driven some of them into under- the white workingman and, after a period of perworld trades or turned their attention toward secution and agitation, the Chinese exclusion law China as their land of hope. The proportion of was passed in the early '80s. Since that time their women among them is relatively small-only number has gradually declined until the last cen- 15,000 women to 60,000 men, because their roots sus when it has begun to rise, due to the natural are still in China and the immigration laws do increase from children born in this country. not permit them to bring their wives from China. This strengthens the tendency to be Asiatic- The Japanese came later, faced a racial attitude minded and the tumultous and revolutionary con- already fixed toward the Chinese, aroused the ditions in that country also attract their interest same fears of an Asiatic inundation of cheap laand arouse their hope. bor and became the object of anti-alien land laws and exclusion agitation which finally came to a The Japanese, on the other hand, consider climax in the federal immigration law of 1924. America their home and are not minded to re- This gave Asiastics no quota, thereby excluding turn to Japan, except as visitors. They have all except a few special classifications. Both the come largely as families with a goodly proportion Chinese and Japanese have resented these excluof women (57,000 females to 81,000 males) and sion laws which, although they have calmed the among their large group of American-born chil- fears of the Pacific Coast, have not been in acdren the balance of the sexes is nearly equal. cord with the ideals of Christian diplomacy and They do not ordinarily accept segregation, though have been needlessly and foolishly irritating to Los Angeles and other Pacific Coast cities may peoples with whom we shall have to live around have a "little Tokyo," but scatter on farms and the Pacific Ocean for centuries to come and whose in the urban communities. They are industrious, friendship we should seek to win and not to thrifty, especially good at "stooping-over" agri- alienate. cultural pursuits like raising strawberries and vegetables, and are exceedingly intelligent and The Filipino in America zealous for education for their children. They take on American ways rather more promptly Now, last of all, comes the Filipino. He came than the Chinese in their clothes, their houses first to Hawaii as a laborer in the sugar-cane and and social customs. Adaptability is their middle pineapples and now appears in the United States name! proper as a student and a gang-laborer in the lettuce, asparagus and sugar beet industries. He Oriental Characteristics is lithe, cheerful, adept at "squatting" types of agriculture and he operates in gangs under a boss A widespread legend has it that the Chinese who is both employer, labor leader, boardingare honest and the Japanese dishonest, but this is house keeper and sometimes friend and relative one of those perverse racial generalizations which all rolled into one. are quite without adequate foundation. Unprejudiced observers who really know both races do not In the cities the Filipino is a young man away draw any such comparisons. They recognize that from home. He likes good clothes and social the Chinese, out of a long commercial training, gaiety. He is fond of music and dancing and has are ordinarily loyal to their contracts while the a Spanish cavalier attitude toward the ladies. Japanese, who have only recently emerged from Not having many women of his own group (only feudalism, . are more strongly bound by ties of one to every fourteen men) he makes friends with personal loyalty, honor and good will. The Japa- women of other racial groups-Mexican, Italian, nese are noted for cleanliness, a high sense of Polish and others-and this sometimes decreases personal honor and dignity, love for children and his popularity with the men of those groups. skill in controlling them and a deep sense of gratitude for favors received. Like the Chinese their Being the latest comer he is the least popular criminal record is decidedly better than the aver- and most objected to, and he has a certain irreage of the population and they practically never sponsibility and recklessness which go with youth trouble the associated charities or the Juvenile and would doubtless be less noticeable in a com- Courts. munity of normal age and family composition. He has, howeyer, a Spanish and Roman Catholic The Chinese began coming to California during background and his friends think that in some the gold excitement of 1849. Crowded out of the ways he will make the adj ustment to American mines by discriminatory taxation they found mar- life more easily than Chinese and Japanese beginal occupations so far as possible where they cause of that. He is able to get by the immigrawould not compete directly with white men. They tion authorities so far because, while not a citibecame laundrymen, cooks, vegetable peddlers and zen, he is rated as a "United States national" and not excluded. When Philippine independence ar-

WHO ARE THE ORIENTALS IN AMERICA?

rives he will probably find himself just another which predisposes them to Christianity. To them Asiatic without a quota. Meantime he is very Buddhism is alien and not readily intelligible, much in need of friends. The missionary work, whereas Christianity fits in with the ideas and long under way with Chinese and Japanese, has ways of thinking to which their education has prescarsely been started among the Filipinos, who, disposed them. as young men in a strange land greatly need homes, guidance, friendship and Christian influ- The way is therefore open and ready for a great ences. Christian forward movement among these young Americans of Oriental ancestry. Already the The need for missionary work among all these Japanese Young People's Christian Federation Orientals is imperative and the outlook is very has every year at Berkeley, California, the largest promising, especially among the young people convention of Christian young people of any race born in the United States and growing up in our on the Pacific Coast. public schools. This so-called "second generation" of American citizens of Chinese or Japanese It is therefore a very timely and strategic thing ancestry is one of the most appealing and praise- for the missionary leaders of our country to turn worthy groups of young people in all the land. the attention of the American churches to a home Whatever may have been the background of their missionary task which right within our own gates parents' religious ideas-Buddhist, Confucianist, has something of the romance of foreign mis- Taoist-they are growing up in a civilization sions and at the same time is filled with hopeful possibilities.

I. Regional Distribution of Orientals, Census of 1930 Chinese Japanese i Filipino Area T'otal Male Female Total I Male Female I Total I Male Female MNeiwddlEe n gAltalnadn t i.c…………………… 3,794 3,233 561 i ! 75 358 1 29 WSE.o. uNNtohorrtAthhtOlOaenentntirtcraal.l……………………………. 14,005 12,503 1,502 922 2,882 314 6,340 5,421 352 277 I 267 3,027 329 I 168 E. South Oentral ……….. 1,738 1,431 919 341 76 1,869 1,477 307 3,662 2,740 115 784 2,568 81 M WPa.ocuiSfnoictuatih.n..O..e….n..t..r..a..l………………………….. 392 1,022 755 14 861 2,859 743 589 154 1,003 662 255 50 2 United States ………….. 1,582 1,237 345 278 4,382 839 708 176 3,252 2,675 577 393 32 50,692 1,391 780 112 41,631 31,236 10,395 46 432 35,016 48 1,982 . 687 663 74,954 59,802 15,152 7,036 1,279 12101,,245118 1 69,559 33,034 138,834 I 81,771 I 57,063 1 45,208 j 42, 268 1 2,940 I I II. Oriental Population in Twenty-five Typical Cities, Census of 1930 Ohinese Japanese Filipino CHies Total 1 Male I Female Total i Male I l"emale ! 'rotal I Male I Female – – – – –~~~–~~~—I———— 438 I 346 i 131 2 Baltimore, Md. ………… 92 29 1 99 97 108 98 10 Boston, Mass. …………. 1,595' 1,346 ' 249 69 .:.:.:.:.:.:.:.: I 17 5 1,715 81 Buffalo, N. Y. ………….. 110 91 19 [ 1,796 568 37 Ohicago, Ill. …………… 2,757 2,408 349 ~~~ 486 II 179 10 486 1' 3,021 224 Oleveland, O. ………….. 570 84 45 ::::: I 1 51 88 1~7 G Dallas, Tex. …………… 10 605 189 255 73 Denver, 0010. ………….. 154 121 33 349 225 ' 124 3,245 1,599 198 Detroit, Mich. …………. 710 586 83 I 37 75 91 124 103 20 497 Kansas Oity, Mo ……….. 1 108 2,228 13:3 I 57 Los Angeles, Oalif. …….. 3,009 17 26 .. i2:597 I 8,484 492 15 781 21,081 '7 484 80 Milwaukee, Wis………… 1 176 157 19 10 328 314 418 4,158 Minneapolis, Minn……… ! 221 175 46 :38 30 8I 1,797 1,563 51 572 Newark, N. J …………… I 667 622 45 II •••••••• I 255 39 7 New Orleans, I,a……….. 1 267 197 70 34 549 499 New York, N. Y………… ' 8,414 7,549 865 2,356 1,748 608 91 Oakland, Oalif…………. 3,048 2,OIl 1,037 2,137 1,241 : 896 394 Oklahoma Oity, Okla…… 1 112 97 15 9 …… 98 I 4,576 1,474 198 138 1,614 Philadelphia, Pa. ………. 1,672 40 61 Portland, Ore. …………. 1,416 990 426 1,864 1,088 776 294 St. Louis, Mo. …………. 484 393 91 31 San Diego, Oalif. ………. 509 387 122 9Il 521 390 San Francisco, Oalif. …… 16,303 12,033 4,270 6,250 3,607 2,643 Seattle, Wash. …………. 1,347 969 378 8,448 4,741 3,707 Tacoma, Wash. ………… 89 1,193 676 517 Washington, D.O., …….. 398 325 93 78

Students in

By CHARLES D. HURREY, New York General Secretary of the Committee on Friendly Relations Among Foreign Students "I AM convinced that Christianity is not the If our Christian experience is to be shared with religion for China," said a Chinese student in others, should we not trust them to express their a recent conversation with me. One of his convictions according to their genius and in their fellow countrymen, with communistic leanings, own way? Perhaps the Oriental student in Amerconcurred in this view and added: "Why is it that ica should not join one of our denominations; communism has won a million followers in China maybe we should give him much more support in while Christianity lags far behind?" When I building up a Christian movement among his felchallenged them to indicate what they found low students in America. Why not call him into wrong in the teachings and example of Jesus conference with our Mission Boards? Is it not Christ, they promptly replied, "Nothing wrong amazing that so few Orientals are teaching in our in Him, but the system is bad." One of these colleges? students is a product of a mission school; the The Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Filipino other is not; both are men of first-rate intellec- national Christian associations are eager to intual ability an'd pleasing personality. How·far do fluence their fellow students to live the Christian they represent the opinions of the other 1,200 life. Their leaders are seldom asked how Ameri- Chinese students in North America? can missionary enthusiasts can help them realize Communi~m, nationalism, and Christianity are their objective. They are often asked to dress up competing today for the allegiance of 4,000 Ori- in native costume and appear at missionary teas, ental students in the United States. For the mo- make speeches, and provide entertainment for ment nationalism holds their primary loyalty. American church organizations. We are in danger Chinese and Korean students regard the Japanese of exploiting these students for our own pleasure.

as enemies, and they are not generally disposed to I believe that 4,000 Oriental students returning to follow the injunction of Jesus and love them. The their mother lands can do more than twice that Japanese are willing to be loved, but not inclined number of missionaries to mould the life of their to swerve from one hundred per cent loyalty to people according to the pattern of Jesus. Hun- the "manifest destiny of their empire." East In- dreds of the most influential Christian leaders in dian students find more hope of present and fu- the Orient today were members of the Christian ture salvation in Mahatma Gandhi than in the associations in America a few years ago. "churchanity" of the Western world. Seven hun- Most of the Oriental students in America are dred Filipino students, while grateful for any good sympathetic with the aims and methods of their received from American sources, are restive under Christian associations; they read the monthly the deferred hope of complete independence. bulletins 0:( their societies, use their directories, No doubt some Oriental students have come ex- welcome the letters and visits of the secretaries, pecting too much; having enjoyed happy fellow- and attend various conferences. A minority are ship with their missionary teachers, they are sen- professed followers of Christ and take an active sitive to seeming neglect. Others have a chip on part in Christian association meetings. It is the shoulder; they are looking for trouble and through these associations that the American peothey find it. But after making due allowance for ple can best manifest their helpfulness.

this minority, we must admit that there is in our Some of the results of Christian contacts made American attitude and conduct abundant cause by Orientals in America are seen in the large for irritation and disillusionment. Most of us number of those who have returned to their home still act as if we had nothing to learn from the lands to take up service there. ancient .philosophy and culture of the Orient. We Dr. Toyohiko-Kagawa of Japan does not hesi- assume that the Oriental will come to us, learn our tate to give credit to Princeton Theological Semilanguage and manners, eat and dress as we do, in nary and his contact with American Christian short, become Americanized. Do we not still talk home life, for their determining influence upon of the "missionary enterprise" as if it were some- his life. thing which we are "putting over" in the Far East? Dr. Herman Liu, President of Shanghai Uni- versity, attributes to the American church and [266 ] MEMBERS OF THE THrRD ANNUAL OONFERENCE OF THE ORIENTAL STUDENT CHRISTIAN FEDERATION OF NEW YORK CITY, APRIL 13, 1933. DR. E. STANLEY JONES, WELL-KNOWN MISSIONARY IN INDIA, SPOKE ON "TH!El PLACE OF THE ORIENTAL STUDENT IN THE RELIGION OF HIS OWN COUNTRY"

home influences his decision to dedicate his life receptions and dinners are arranged; talented to Christian education in China. foreign students are frequently invited to address Dr. S. J. Theodore, an influential professor in American audiences. American made plans and Madras Christian University, earned his way programs are carried out in American fashion, through Cornell and Yale Universities, much of until the student naturally feels that he is being the time living with a Christian family. In spite used by Americans in their way rather than ac- of discrimination in street cars, barber shops, cording to his own desires.

restaurants and churches, he maintained a re- Leaders of Mission Boards and local mission- markably sweet spirit, and is today one of the ary societies will get ahead much better with foremost Christian educators in India. Oriental students if they will offer such coopera- Popularity and fraternity membership at Yale tion as will enable Oriental students to promote University did not turn the head of Y. C. James their Christian program according to Oriental (Jimmy) Yen. He was president of the Chinese methods and ideals. In short, the inquiry, "How Students' Christian Association and a welcome can we Americans help you Oriental Christian guest in many American homes. Service with the students realize your ideals in your way?" will Y. M. C. A. among Chinese laborers in France meet with an enthusiastic and cheerful response.

gave him a vision of service which is being ful- It is not Americanization of the Oriental nor de- filled today in his outstanding leadership for popu- nationalization of him that we seek, but rather lar education in China. the mutual deepening and enrichment of Christian Ask Dr. Hugh Cynn to name the determining experience through cooperative effort.

influences in shaping his career and he invariably An illustration of how things may be done in mentions his loyal American friends of the Meth- Oriental fashion in America, to make the Orien- odist Church and the Y. M. C. A. in California tals feel more at home, is shown by a recent Japa- and throughout the United States. He is one of nese dinner in New York at the Nippon Club. The the three most prominent Christian leaders in entire arrangements and program were exqui- Korea today. sitely Japanese – food, decorations, music, Hon. Camilo Osias, Commissioner from the speeches, all flavored with the courtesy of Nippon.

Philippine Islands, delights to tell of his student The little group of Americans present entered days in Illinois and Ohio when he was impression- heartily into the conversation, manipulated the able and homesick, and enjoyed the hospitality of chopsticks and admired the motion pictures of Christian people in home and church. College Japan. It was a delightful program initiated and friendships in America won him to fixed purposes conducted by the Japanese Students' Christian of Christian service to his people. Association.

The Christian movement among Oriental stu- The Filipinos in New York enlisted the coop- dents in the United States is by no means desti- eration of a few Americans in giving a dinner in tute of real friends. In practically every com- honor of Theodore Roosevelt, former Governor of munity where there are students from the Orient, the Philippines. Native costumes, special re- the churches, Christian Associations, and various freshments, music and speeches made the occasion clubs are actively in contact with them; many memorable for Americans as well as Filipinos. It

was a Filipino event by Filipinos and chiefly for smaller than in the past. Our business, political, Filipinos, of whom more than 150 were present. and educational relations with these countries are daily becoming more intimate and extensive. Ex- A church in Maplewood, New Jersey, each year cpallge visits are on the increase. More Oriental in May invites ten students from as many coun- teacpers are being invited to American univertries for a week-end. They participate in a picnic sities; friendship tours of school boys and girls on Saturday afternoon, are entertained in private are on the increase; future statesmen of the homes, speak to various Sunday school classes Orient are now studying political science in this and attend church service. Sunday afternoon each country and, slowly but surely, young Americans foreign student leads a discussion group on pis are planning a year or more of study and travel country. In the evening each foreign guest gives in the Orient. a farewell message at the Young People's supper. Making Christ known and followed in the Ori- We have come to the day when America needs .ent and Occident is a joint enterprise-not someto be a receiving, as well as a sending country, to thi:ng to be imposed by one group upon another. be taught and to follow rather than always to be Once the Oriental students discover this attitude teacher and leader. on our part they will unite with us in building a world society according to the vindicated prin- Inquiries addressed to hundreds of Christian ciples of Jesus Christ. Oriental leaders regarding the dominant influ- In all of our dealing with Oriental students we DELEGATES TO CONIFERE1NCE OF ORl'ENTAL CHRISTIAN should remember that they are inevitably under a STUDENTS, 1934 handicap: first, because they are conspicuous in our college life on account of external racial charences determining their careers called forth glow- acteristics; second, they are victims of our law's ing tributes to their American teachers, their fel- discrimination, which requires them to carry full low students, and their friends in the United time day work as students or be deported; the States. For many the inspiration of a Christian law denies them the right to work full time as home revolutionized their life purpose; others re- apprentices, for or without wages; third, prevailcall the memorable messages and fellowship en- ing racial and color prejudices on our part often joyed in student conferences. Not a few remem- humiliate them in their social relationships in ber with lasting gratitude the financial and moral America; fourth, their financial resources are help extended in their hour of desperate need. often inadequate and the accompanying distress results in embarrassment and often times harsh It is our duty and high privilege to invite criticism of American civilization; fifth, the Oriental students to our· Mission Board offices American-born Oriental finds it almost impossible and into our counsels. They should be made fa- to obtain a satisfactory position in this country, miliar with our changing plans and policies. Much although possessing ability and training, the equal of the hostility and prejudice against foreign mis- of that of white Americans. sions can be avoided and overcome by adequate and early conference and fellowship. We are the Oriental students are most grateful for suggeshosts, they are guests; initiative rests with us. tions and introductions which enable them to Why should any Oriental student return to his know influential American citizens and to obtain native land without having had opportunity to information not available within the curriculum. get the latest facts concerning missionary policy and methods? If we wish to improve our cooperative relation- ship with Oriental students, we must practice the Let us face reality. Comparatively few more Christianity which our missionaries preach. This American missionaries will be sent to Japan, Ko- will mean speedy recognition of racial equality; rea, and the Philippines; more will probably go repeal of discrimiriatory legislation, and the early to China and India, but this number will be granting of citizenship rights annually to a lim- ited quota of Orientals; the abrogation of unequal treaties; the absolute prohibition of the manu- facture and display of films which are an insult to the people-, of the Orient; the elimination of an attitude of patronage and condescension toward cultured Oriental tourists and students.

Thus putting our own house somewhat in order we shall be justified in expecting the Orient to listen to the Gospel; otherwise it will seem to them like "sounding brass and a clanging cymbal."

America's Influence Anti~Christian?

By ARTHUR A. YOUNG, New York Editor of "The Chinese Christian Student"

M ISSION BOARDS have sought the causes cut, and pays three dollars for the experience. A . for the slow progress of Christianity in the Orient, but too often they have overlooked sign on the campus reads, "Three rooms vacant," the Oriental students in America. Eventually these men become influential leaders among their but when the Filipino applies, he is told abruptly, own countrymen and are far-reaching factors in the success or failure of Christian missions in the "No rooms vacant." If he attends a church sup- Far East. per and has a fine time these same people fail to Unfortunately many Oriental students lose their faith in Christ and Christianity while study- recognize him as they pass him on the street. ing in the United States, as has been shown by a recent survey conducted among Christian Oriental Twenty-nine reasons were given by Oriental students.* It proved conclusively that among students why they lose their Christian faith while Oriental students more Christians are unmade, in America. These reasons include everything rather than made during their residence in the United States. Why is this? from "Too few Christians" to "America's passion Christian missionaries brought the first Ori- for misrepresentation"; from "race prejudice" to ental students to America. A Rev. Mr. Brown discovered Yung Wing in Macao and saw him "corruption and crime"; from "church too fundathrough Yale-the pioneer Oriental student to start the movement that brings hundreds of Chi- mental" to "church indifference to social probnese students to America yearly. Joseph Hardy Neesima, the first Japanese student in America, lems." was brought into contact with a Christian in the United States and, after receiving his education, Race prejudice is cited more than any other he returned home and founded Doshisha University. Today the percentage of genuine Oriental factor as a cause why Oriental students lose faith. Christians in American colleges is so small that we wonder why the movement that brought them One expresses disappointment to see that "some here in the beginning failed in later years to win more of them to Christ. churches do not allow colored people to enter"

Back home in the Orient missionaries have rep- and wonders "if they remember that Jesus Christ resented the favorable side of American life so as to cause the students to anticipate with delight Himself was not of white skin." Others say: "If a more intimate contact with Americans. "Before I came, I thought America a Christian na- Christ Himself tried to enter America He could tion. Now I know it's different," is a common experience among Oriental students. not do so under present immigration laws."

Even on board the steamer coming to the Filipino students are most vocal regarding lack United States the weakening process begins. At the Grand Central Terminal, an Oriental student of opportunities in the United States, particularly enters a restaurant, and waits and waits and waits, but no one comes to serve him. In the employment. Here is a typical statement: South, one of his countrymen gets his first hair- "Talk of Christianity but when it comes to prac- • The survey was a jOint effort of the Chinese Students' Christian Aissociation, the Japanese Students' Christian Association, the FIlI- tical life very few Americans are mindful of the pino Student Christian Movement In America, the Korean Students' x~!~l~~ Federation, and the Hindustani StUdents' Association In fact that we Filipinos are Christian and subjects of the United States, and therefore should at least be given a chance to enjoy the privileges accorded to Americans."

Even flags seen in churches have tended to weaken the Christian faith of Oriental students.

One Korean student confessed that the sight of them made him feel more patriotic toward his country, and, therefore, less a universal Christian.

Chinese and Japanese students place much em- phasis on America's commercial spirit, and the luxuries and pleasures so dominant in her civili- zation. .

Professors and university textbooks have played their part in this influence on faith. "Most cer- tainly, I have lost it," wrote one. "For one thing there is the influence of the university. Such courses as anthropology, comparative religion, 0pthhileorssopdh0 y,n psychology, sociology, sciences, an d ot tend to m ake a person believe i n organized religion."

[269 ]

One might think that Orientals in theological tian conferences and conventions, in Christian seminaries would be so entrenched in their Chris- homes and institutions. I have also received intian faith that no American contact would weaken spiration from many helpful messages that I have it. But from the replies received it is safe to say heard." that a number have become skeptical and have even lost their faith in Christianity since their A Chinese student felt his Christian life much studies in America, or their Christian faith has enriched because he "met good and sincere Amerbeen weakened. ican Christians in a family in St. Paul." Some American invitations are resented by Oriental stu- The chief criticisms are: too many denomina- dents because they seemed to indicate something tions; lack of the true spirit of Christianity to- of patronage and superiority. They are sensitive wards strangers; some churches show that the on this score, and dislike to be always receiving teaching of Christianity has become the second favors with never returning them. On college aim. Dances and other social activities predomi- campuses it is better for a church to say, "Welnate. come to All," and not, "Welcome to Oriental Stu- dents." A Chinese student at a well-known theological seminary lists four reasons why "my faith has As speakers in churches these students often been considerably weakened": 0 make contacts that help strengthen their Chris- tian faith. "My weekly atfendance at Sunday 1. The childish controversies over theological concep- School and speaking engagements in various tions instead of helping to live a good Christian life takes churches made me realize the value of real Chrisaway attention from matters of great issues of life. tian fellowship," says a Korean student. The problem is to get good speakers. Some foreign 2. The shattering of the ideal built up on the good life students utilize the occasion to lambast mission of the missionaries in the East. Christians in this coun- work in their home lands and should realize that try, with a few notable exceptions, do not stand the test criticisms are more effective when made to of ideal Christian life that we in the East look up to. church leaders than to congregations.

3. The fact that such a large majority of the Americans Success in strengthening the Christian faith of do not even outwardly take any interest in church work. Oriental students depends primarily on a strong religious foundation. Many have not been firmly 4. Christians in general do not take Christianity seri- grounded in the Christian faith and are only ously, and do not make any special effort to remove the "school Christians." "My faith remains unevils of American society. That a Christian nation should shaken; no devil can change my faith in God," allow race prejudice, lynching, and other discriminative writes a Filipino girl in California. treatment of different races shows that there is something wrong with American Christianity. A Chinese student says: "My faith has been strengthened not in spite of but because of the Such condition among Oriental students in discouraging and sometimes humiliating experi- America, men and women who hope on their re- ences I have gone through since my arrival in turn home to lead their people in new heights of beautiful U. S. A." progress, do not augur well for the future of Christianity in the Far East. There are a num- An East Indian finds that America's materialber of organizations laboring on behalf of foreign ism is a reason why he should be a better Chrisstudents in the United States, notably the Com- tian. "The rush for °money," he writes, "and the mittee on Friendly Relations Among Foreign Stu- pains taken to keep up external appearances, have dents. But their efforts, from the Christian evan- worked a reaction in my own heart about the shalgelistic point of view and the results, are insig- lowness of this over emphasis on storing up of nificant. Why do not American Mission Boards, riches in the world." which concentrate their work on fields afar, pay more attention to the foreign students here? This The most bitter anti-Christians in the Orient is a field calling for intelligent tillage; and one are those who were once in the fold and have lost that is deserving of the fullest possible coopera- faith through disillusionment. Jack London was tion. a great fighter against strong drink because he himself was once a drinker and became disillu- How to Improve the Influence sioned. Oriental students who come to America as Christians and go home as anti-Christians form There are ways to improve the situation. Not a challenge to the Christian Church-a challenge long ago seventy-five Oriental students in New that ought to be met. These men and women will York City met, with the aid of Columbia Univer- undoubtedly be leaders at home, influencing the sity and the Friendly Relations Committee, at thoughts, tastes and habits of their countrymen Riverside Church, and talked the matter over for for years to come. They will do much to mar or a whole day with missionary and church leaders. mould the Christian Church in Oriental lands. It was agreed that something must be done and effective methods of approach were discussed.

Personal contacts come first. A Filipino girl said, "My Christian faith has been strengthened through contacts with men and women in Chris-

HONG.A!NJI TEMPLE. SAN FRANCiSCO ALTAR OF THE NISHI HONGANJI BUDDHIST

How Some Orientals Worship in America -,·<tS{IL!;;i====B;;;; ;;Y ;;F;;;LO;;;R;;;E;;;N;;;C;;;E=C.;;;E;;;V;;;E;;;M;;;E;;;Y;;;E;;;R==-=!JI~ FAR too many have thought of the crossing of a means of regeneration. The Five Relations- ships bearing religion over the Pacific as a Father and Son, Ruler and Ruled, Husband and one-way passage, and that as Christianity Wife, Elder and Younger, Brothers and Friendsbound for Asia. But in mid-ocean the craft of of the Confucian code, holds a large place in the Christendom has been passed by ships from the background philosophy of life of both Chinese and Orient bringing to America their religions. What Japanese among the educated classes today. kind have they brought? How shall we regard But the common Chinese needed some one with them? ,compassion near to their daily lives. Making The Chinese were·the Oriental pioneers brought Buddha a divine being, and Kuan-yin a Goddess of Mercy, China's masses gave answer to Confuhere by capitalists of both races. The first were cian philosophy and Buddhism's socially destruc- "coolies," a name inflicted upon them, for there tive dream of Nirvana. is no equivalent in Chinese, no caste nor class it represents. It is a tribute to their strength that they survived the rough treatment they received In the Chinatowns of Vancouver, Seattle, Portin the frontier labor conflicts. Chinese have out- land, Los Angeles and picturesque "Little Asia" of San Francisco, where one-fourth of the 74,000 lived hard blows for over 4,000 years. Chinese in the United States are found, there Taoism and Confucianism are also the Chinese temples. As the old priest In the 6th century B. C., Lao-tse taught Taoism drew aside the curtain to show the "lady gods,"

-contemplation and reason, avoidance of force as there was Kuan-yin, fresh incense telling of re- • [271]

cent worship. Her story could offer comfort only Tenrikyo worship differs from Buddhist worto the few. ship. To a quiet place the discourser goes with the person that he may discern the character of Then came the Japanese. Prior to 1641, Japan his listener. Hence the movement of Tenrikyo permitted unrestricted residence of all nationali- is called a hidden mission. Preaching is not enties and as a result her entire social and economic tirely absent, but the sermon is seldom heard. structure was shot through with Chinese customs The principal ceremony of Tenrikyo is Otefuri and philosophy. Reacting strongly, Japan passed and Kagura. Otefuri is a prayer, accompanied by total exclusion laws and for two hundred years gestures of both hands, according to a formula it was a crime punishable by death for a J apa- taught by the foundressnese to leave his country. Now they are the world's great travelers and their first large emi- o my God, deliver me from evil. gration was to the United States. o our God, we earnestly ask thy deliverance Shinto and Tenrikyo for the purification of our fellowmen and for the edifice of Kanrodai (buoyant peace).

"Wherever Japanese are, there is Shinto," said Kagura is a harmony of singing, dancing and a Japanese. Today, Shinto as a religion is prac- music with instruments. The singing is per- tically extinct. As a State ritual, a divine patri- formed by two readers of the Divine Songs, while otism, it is very much alive. As worship, it the dance is by six dancers wearing the black consists of forms of respect and deification of cloth, with fans representing the colored sun.

humanity, particularly the Mikado, heroes and All these are men. Eight performers, of which ancestors. three are women, play the harp, the lute and the Out of desire that Shinto assume more religious violin; five men play the flute, the drum, the aspects to meet their spiritual need, Tenrikyo was bell, the gong, the kako and a pair of wooden born – "Ten," numeral; "ri," reasons; "kyo," blocks. The object of the singing and dancing is religion. It is sometimes called the Christian Sci- to show unutterable gratitude to God.

ence of the Japanese. In the year 1838 at the age Sikhism from India of forty, Miki Nakayama, claimed to have had a revelation at Jiva, Nara Perfecture, and wrote the The first people to come to America from India principal document called the Holy Psalms or were soldiers and policemen from Hong Kong and "Ofedesaki." Tenri-no-Mikoto, a supreme deity Shanghai. They came to Canada from the Pan- is singled out of ten other deities, who preside jab. The number has now dwindled for immigra- over the different functions of the human body. tion has been cut off, and emigration has taken It is henotheism, the belief in one God, but not to place. Those remaining are identified with the the exclusion of other gods. cultivation of raisins around Fresno, rice at Sac- The foundress warns that all disease results ramento, and cotton in the Imperial Valley.

from wicked hearts. Egotistic desires are the Most of these people are Sikhs. About the time source of all misfortune and malady. She calls of the Reformation in Europe, Sikhism rose in the them the "Eight Dusts"-coveting, grudging, pas- Panjab under the leadership of Baba Nanak as a sion, hatred, emnity, fury, greed and haughtiness. protest against caste, sectarianism and symbol These check spiritual progress. Unless one cast worship. They preached the unity of God and the them off, he cannot return to his true self, have brotherhood of man, combined Hinduism and Mo- his illness cured, his unhappiness converted into hammedanism and called themselves "Sikhs" or joy or his soul saved. One may have accumulated disciples. Guru Gobind Singh, in the f7th cen- "dusts" in a previous existence. . tury, sought to make them free from outside at- But getting rid of dusts is not sufficient. There tack by organizing them into a strong military must be "Hinokishin"-service to God and man. party called Khalsa. He instituted the baptism "Tenrikyo," says a Japanese, "is an instrument of of the sword as a means to membership.

the State, most faithful to the Sovereign and a At Stockton, California, the Sikhs have built a slave to public welfare." two-storied temple with a hall for meetings and Though persecuted, this sect has grown rapidly residence for the priest on the ground floor. Up- in recent years, and has now about 5,000,000 fol- stairs is the prayer hall at one end of which is an lowers in 10,000 "churches" of Japan. In 1928 altar on which is kept the Granth or sacred book the Overseas Department officially sent its first containing the precepts of Sikhism. Rich carpets missionaries across the Pacific. Today there are cover the floor, and above is an ornate canopy thirty centers of Tenrikyo in North America- with pictures and texts on the walls. Their scrip- Vancouver, B. C., Seattle, Tacoma, Portland, Salt tures are read and expounded twice daily by the Lake City and larger cities of California. It was priests.

represented at the 1933 World's Fair at Chicago. Similar temples are found in Vancouver and

HOW SOME ORIENTALS WORSHIP IN AMERICA

Victoria, and in each lumber mill, owned by the April 28th, of the Nichiren temple-gift of the Sikhs, there is a temple. Wherever you find Southern Manchurian Railway to the Chicago twenty Sikhs, there you find a temple if only an World's Fair and now removed to Sebastpol, So- old shack. They rarely change their headdress, noma County, California.

shave their faces or cut their long hair, for this is Nichirenism from Japan part of their religion.

In the large centers, full time priests officiate. We drove up to the Nichiren temple, located in They are elected annually and receive salaries, a community of homes, both American and Japamust be men of high moral character educated in nese. Again the Buddhists show keen sense of the Gurumuki language. religious strategy in location. A one-story, yel- Japanese Buddhism low stucco, set off by dark green cypress trees oc- cupied a corner lot, with a spacious playground, On April 6th, for the first time in the history and the priest's home. With assistance from head- of the six Japanese Buddhist temples in Los An- quarters in Japan, members and friends had geles, the full Buddhist ritual was conducted in erected this attractive little "church" for $10,000 English by the only American priest in the United four years ago.

States. It was their Lord Buddha's birthday. In A portrait of Tanaka reminded us of the power- the same week Christians celebrated the resurrec- ful society in Japan called Kokuchukai, of which tion of their Lord Jesus. Mr. Chigaku Tanaka is president. Composed of The worship was in charge of Americans: The laymen, its object is to present practical religion central image on the altar was the Buddha, with as revealed by Nichiren seven hundred years ago angels carrying the sacred lotus flower in the fret- and a revival occurring forty years ago. A Japa- work design across the top. The appointment and nese said it is often called the Salvation Army of service of the altar was suggestive of the Roman Buddhism because it "pounds the gong and ap- Church in the burning of incense and the intona- peals to the masses." Drawing back a curtain, tion of the sutras (precepts). Flowers symbolized the figure of Nichiren was revealed, back of which the transitoriness of all things, their perfume, the Buddha was represented on a panel.

vanity of life. The priest wore a black robe in- The whole altar was gorgeous in gold and red. stead of one of orange used in Ceylon and India. A tengai (sunshade for nobility in India), sus- Around his neck was the Buddhist rosary of 108 pended from the front section flanked with dobans beads (same as the Hindu), representing fifty- on the sides produced the desired ornateness. four virtues, and fifty-four vices to be avoided. Many of the people wore over the wrist the half- "Calling aloud the name of Saddharmapundasize rosary representative of the Wheel of Life. rika Sutra, your passions, retribution and suffer- ings, at once turn into the three virtues-Truth, The following Sunday in the largest temple of Wisdom and Emancipation. The aim of the the city, the Honganji,-speeches, pantomimes, INichirens is to pray to the Original Buddha in the playlets and dances were given on the platform, heart; to repeat the name of the Saddharmapun- the shrine being completely veiled from view. darika Sutra in the mouth; to carryon the reli- From one till eight the interest of the people never gious practice in the body; pray for the universal flagged, and the climax seemed to be reached in an submission to Buddha and unitedly endeavor to allegorical story told by the Japanese Buddhist propagate his laws until all shall realize heaven priest, and applauded with vigor. here and now."

But it was the conference for Americans that Seven hundred years ago, Nichiren was was unique. The only American Buddhist priest, strongly imbued with the idea that Nichirenism a man about thirty-five years of age, proved to be would spread from East to West, his followers are an erstwhile Episcopalian rector who informed working earnestly to make it come true.

us the Mahayana Buddhistic Society sponsoring In writing this article the thought has per- the Lord Buddha's celebration, represented the sisted: Suppose I were an Oriental in the Orient solid front of Buddhism; that in presenting writing: "How Some Americans Worship in the Buddhism to America, Buddhists know what the Orient." How patient and understanding we Christians in the Orient have found out-"sects must be on both sides of the Pacific! God's witmust go." ness is in many places among many peoples. These Pamphlets on "Who is Buddha?" were distrib- old religions could not have survived without some uted by the hundreds while the only American truth in them. So, as we come in contact here priest stood at the door giving out his card with and abroad, may it be our strong hope that this name prefixed by "Rev." and suffixed by "D.D.," divine truth wherever found, may be captured by to the people as they passed out. It was an- the power of Him who said, "I have come that nounced that he would officiate at the dedication, they might have life."

"In Christ There Is no East or West"

By ALLAN A. HUNTER, Hollywood, California Minister of Mt. Hollywood Community Church (Congre- }llt-.- gational); Author of "Out 0/ the Far East," and "Social Perplexities"

AFEW summers ago a Japanese visitor to the The problem is not so much what we do as it is Pacific coast, prominent in the student what we don't do. Like the priest and the Levite Christian work in Japan, 'phoned an preoccupied with other things, we often fail to American pastor in California that he would mail notice the inarticulate suffering of the man at the his letter of introduction from a mutual friend in side of the road. The suffering of the Oriental on Tokyo, but that he would take the train that after- the Pacific coast may not catch our attention, but noon for San Francisco. Sensing something it is deep, and organized Christianity must bind wrong the pastor hurried down to the hotel and up its ·wounds.

persuaded Yoshio Endo to re- The most conspicuous wound turn for lunch. He confessed is cut by economic discrimina- that he had not wanted to see Much is said today about tion. "If a job is available, it any more Christians of the a Hsquare deal." How would always goes to an American.

California variety. He had you wish to be treated if you I may be a citizen of the United come across the Pacific on a should go to teach or to do States, but the employer classi- business or to travel for pilgrimage of friendship. Un- pleasure in China or Japan? fies me as a foreigner. In the derstanding that Christians There are as many types of job market we second-generawere dedicated to the building Orientals as there are of tion Japanese don't have a of world fellowship, he had chance." That sums up the gone to a swimming pool con- white Americans. How can mood of most of the seventyducted by a Christian institu- we win them as friends rather three thousand or more Ameritiononly to be told that Ori- than alienate them as ene- cans of Japanese ancestry on mies? Read what a pastor in entals were not admitted. California has to say on this the West Coast. If there is one Yoshio went to a superior subject. It is interesting and Japanese employed as a official who was "sorry, but challengin~. teacher in grade or high nothing could be done about it." schools of California this People would withdraw their writer has not been able to lo- support if Japanese were allowed in the plunge. cate that person. Chinese-you could count them A few hours later my young Japanese friend on one or two hands-are employed in schools was crawling circles around his host in a non- having a preponderance of Oriental pupils but no Christian one-the neighboring city park swim- Asiatic teaches in any ordinary white school.

ming pool. He stayed over Sunday and spoke at There are a few Japanese and Chinese on the the church services. Some of the young people university faculties and one of these has distin- had a good time showing him around and thus, by guished himself in biological research. Again, a good luck, that "pilgrim of friendship" went back county hospital is proud of a Japanese diagnosti- to his country with a good taste in his mouth. cian on its staff, and a young optometrist of But suppose that first raw impression had gone Berkeley claims that race prejudice is no barrier unchallenged. It would have been broadcast to his practice. A Hindu lawyer has made a name on the campus in Japan. A whisper in Los for himself espousing the cause of oppressed Angeles might have been magnified into a hos- workers. Despite such brilliant exceptions, this tile shout across the Pacific, undoing years of generalization – pretty well holds: west of the missionary work. Our home base, let us never Rockies your typical Oriental is up against a forget, is a sounding-board. A negligent act un- color bar that means for him less bread, cheaper der Christian auspices here can sometimes speak clothing and poorer shelter-and a sense of in- so loud on the missionary field that the people over justice that is a bar to his Christian faith.

there can scarcely hear what our missionaries What can be done? A layman interested in a say. young Chinese paved the way so that his friend [274 ] 1934] "IN CHRIST THERE IS NO EAST OR WEST" 275 was employed and accepted socially among the em- is little that church members now can do to change ployees without embarrassment. A director of the anti-alien land laws, but we can at least be religious education in Southern California early aware of the unusual difficulties under which firstthis year advised vegetable field workers on strike, generation Japanese labor.

some of them Filipinos, not to use violence; late The social discrimination against Orientals is that night he faced twenty-seven revolvers aimed not the open sore it used to be, but there is still at him by a lawless mob. In definite ways, that much to be done before the Japanese, Korean, mean economic security and self-respect, we of Chinese, Hindu and Filipino will feel no self- the Christian Church can pull wires and make a consciousness among us. Consider these young stand in behalf of underpaid and disheartened fellows from the Islands who try their hand cut- Orientals in our midst. That command of J ere- ting lettuce and end up in our city hotels as "bus miah calls for all sorts of social engineering: boys" or elevator operators. These erect, well- "Never wrong or ill-treat a resident alien." We dressed boys crave wholesome social life. But can work for organized political pressure which they are practically a womanless group. Very will guarantee the Oriental laborer's rights under few churches offer them spontaneous, unpatronizthe NRA. We can do our part in protecting Ori- ing fellowship. It is not enough to herd them into entals or Americans of Oriental parentage from a church social and make an obvious fuss over unfair economic competition. When there was a these fellow Christians. They resent the thought of hue and cry to punish "Japan" for invading Man- American condescension, and some of them know churia, unrelated Japanese fruit stands on the perfectly well that others are nervous lest their West Coast often paid a heavy penalty. White daughters fall in love with some romantic Filipatriots imagined they were striking blows for pino, in case hospitality is offered. Surely these justice and world peace by refusing to patronize lonesome boys cap be treated as friends without vendors with Asiatic features. To counteract this fearing they will become sons-in-law. The usual indiscriminate boycott the members of one church terror about intermarriage should be answered by were asked by their minister to remember that educating the church young people to choose life sniping at a few Japanese in the community would mates on the basis not of mutual magnetism alone not be upholding the Kellogg Pact or the League but on the lines of cultural congeniality and com- mon background and purpose. The gambling and of Nations. If the militarists in Japan are to be vice dens sometimes are more actively on the job penalized let there be an intelligent, organized of offering fellowship to those socially starved movement, not a blind unfocussed reprisal. Will youths than are we with our Christian homes. the ruination of a few local vegetable and fruit Instead of protecting our family life, maybe the vendors (some of whom are really American citi- conventional barbed wire only shuts God out! zens) spike a single Japanese cannon?

Newspaper Propaganda The Japanese and Chinese youth do not suffer from an acute lack of girls of their own race, as At Easter season this year there began to be do the Filipinos. But they need more normal socirculated in a Southern California city a pink cial contacts with young people of other races newspaper urging a "holy," economic war against through the church than we are giving them. Orientals: "Keep Glendale White!" In huge type Organized Christianity should lead the way in the public is being warned that every time it pur- breaking down racial barriers. Actually, the chases from a Japanese fruit stand or flower shop, schools seem to be doing more than the churches it is contributing toward a bigger navy for the to bring young Orientals into happy relationship Mikado. This propaganda may further the in- with young white people. There are Japanese terests of a few Nordies competing with the Asiatics, but will it help to advance the cause of who are presidents of high school student bodies, Christ either on this or the other side of the but in the same cities you do not find these young Pacific? Will not the silence of unprotesting leaders of Oriental descent heading the League of Youth or the Epworth League in a white ministers of Glendale counteract many of their church.

missionary sermons and make it harder for young One wonders if the time is not here or rapidly Americans of Oriental ancestry to believe in the coming, when for the sake of the spiritual life Kingdom of God? of the white as well as the Japanese people, racial Another economic obstacle we impose upon the lines should be obliterated. There is a growing Japanese in some of our western states is legisla- group of Americans brought up in home mission tion which makes it difficult for first-generation churches whose cheekbones and pigmentation Japanese to own land or have access to land. alone are Japanese. They are not attracted to Those born here, being American citizens, are the ordinary services in the Japanese church. immune to this discrimination, and perhaps there They may be a little too old for the young people's 276 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [June meetings, or feel out of place in the regular morn- who wrote just before his death last November, ing services. "I die to atone for Japanese militarism's sin against China. I die to become a seed of peace." Here is a challenge for white churches within The Lord's prayer sometimes becomes more real range of second-generation Japanese to seek out when it is repeated together in three languages.

these unchurched Christians and make them feel Such encounters of spirit with spirit wait upon the initiative of American Christians. It is surat home in the young married people's clubs. prising how few Japanese Or Chinese women of Small groups can be developed within the church, the older school have any close acquaintance with where these Japanese-Americans will be able to American home life. One American woman who started in her church a small class in English for talk and pray over their problems frankly with Japanese women, found the contact fascinating. Americans all too easily forget who it is that white contemporaries. Shared, first-hand experi- must take the first step toward understanding and hospitality. ence in front of a grate fire among friends is what Most of us can do far more than we dream of they most deeply need. doing through such person-to-person contacts. "Who knows but that your neighbor is your bet- – A Hollywood teacher and his wife have built up ter self wearing another body? See that you would love him as you would love yourself. He, a most interesting and significant comradeship too, is a manifestation of the Most High."

between young Americans of various races. Two But there is also an inescapable political obli- gation. It is all very well for us to brag how members belong to a Chinese family famous for Admiral Perry more than eighty years ago opened the gates of an ingrowing kingdom to the outside its motion picture connections. These go on world. Ten years ago we slammed our own door in the face of that proud people. They may be beach parties and join in the Saturday night dis- more polite than we are but our Exclusion Act rankles deeply within the Japanese heart. We cussions with the Japanese members,-as if there who sing "In Christ There Is no East or West" can never rest until our country does the courtewere no Manchukuo. . ous thing by the Japanese. To be permitted en- trance on the quota basis would mean less than After Kagawa's visit to America nearly three two hundred incoming Japanese a year, but this would satisfy Japanese honor. Would it not enyears ago, the members of the local Kingdom of hance our own? The interests of American work- ing men would not be seriously jeopardized by God Movement (Japanese) were invited to have such a small number of competitors.

their usual six o'clock morning prayer service in If we white Christians on the coast follow Jesus Christ and treat the Orientals in good faith a white church. Americans and Japanese came as members of God's family, we need not fear the from long distances to worship and during the consequences.

breakfast which followed, the enthusiasm was so great that a plan was formed to repeat the experi- ence three or four times a year. The Chinese are now included, both generations, and the latest meeting was held in the Chinese Presbyterian church, attended by Japanese, Chinese and Amer- icans of many denominations. A young Chinese, about to return to his work as dean of a univer- sity in South China, made a plea for uncompro- mising Christian war-resistance. Japanese and Americans made the same commitment, and mes- sages pledging continued effort in this direction were forwarded to Christians in China and Japan.

An American "student-mover" led the group in a period of silent prayer in memory of Takahashi, the young secretary of Kagawa's peace movement, THE MESSAGE OF PENTECOST The Holy Spirit is God at work in the world. One cannot read the verses dealing with the beginnings of the early Church without feeling that he has entered a factory, a work- shop, where power is expressing itself. Things are being done. Something is being accom- plished. Debate has given place to deeds and everywhere there is movement. It is this quality of power that is missing in the Church today.

The supreme questions are: Where does spiritual power reside? How may it be released?

Spiritual power resides in the living Christ. This is the answer of historic Christianity. Pentecost brought to the early Church the unalterable conviction that Jesus Christ was not only alive but actively present in the world.-Rev. Hugh T. Kerr, D.D.

Interracial Understanding

By the REV. CHARLES R. SHEPHERD, Th.D., Berkeley, California Author of "Lim ¥ik Choy," etc.; Director of Chinese Missions, American Baptist Home Mission Society "TO THE Western mind the Oriental seems the Westerner. The first foreigner in China was to wear a mask. There is something in- to the Chinese every bit as much a monstrosity scrutable about him-his face, which seems as was the first Chinese who appeared in Cali- so unresponsive, his eyes which tell no certain fornia. According to ancient Chinese conception, meaning . . . a kind of uncanny, depersonalized, the universe was peopled with two kinds of be- robot-like regimentation which is not quite hu- ings, "yan"-human beings, and "kwei"-spirits, man, and might prove sinister in a crisis." * mostly bad, therefore devils. Before the foreigner Whether we like it or not, this statement by made his appearance in China there was but one Pres. A. W. Palmer is undoubtedly true, and in it kind of human being, or "yan." This being had lies the secret of most of the difficulty which the black hair, dark brown eyes, spatulate nose, Westerner has in understanding the Oriental. dressed like a civilized being, and spoke a lan- But hold on a minute, lest at the very outset we guage which was understood by those who dwelt be misunderstood. The statement is true. But about him. Then came other kinds of beings.

what is the statement? That the Oriental wears These had light colored hair-in some cases red a mask? That he is inscrutable, unresponsive, un- -blue or grey eyes, protuding noses; they dressed canny, and possibly sinister? Not that. Read it in weird-looking apparel and jabbered in a high- again. It is that to the Western mind all this pitched jargon that no civilized being could pos- seems to be true of the Oriental. sibly understand. These beings certainly could Dr. Palmer continues by asking, "What's be- not be "yan"; for whoever had seen or heard tell hind the Oriental mask?" It would have been of such human beings. No, they could not pos- better had he said "What's behind this apparent sibly be "yan." There was only one alternative.

mask?" For in the 200 pages which follow, he They must be "kwei" or devils; and since they painstakingly and sincerely engages in an avowed came from foreign lands where none but barba- effort to "see beyond race differences to those uni- rians dwelt they must be "faan kwei" or "bar- versal traits and problems, those common emo- barian devils." Nothing unkind was meant by tions, needs and aspirations, the recognition of this term, merely a logical explanation of an which alone can make us understand each other otherwise inexplicable phenomenon. Bobby Burns, across the barriers of race." As he does so he when he wrote his immortal "Ode to a Louse on constantly reveals to his readers the fact that, a Lady's Bonnet," of course was not thinking in after all, the so-called mask is more a product terms of East and West; but just the same he of preconceived notions and biased opinions on unwittingly expressed a veritable "open sesame"

the part of the Westerner than the outcome of any to mutual inter-racial understanding when with essentially undesirable characteristics of the Ori- an irreverent chuckle he scribbled those lines: ental himself. Oh wad some power the giftie gie us, In other words, whatever may be the cause, To see oursel's as others see us! It wad frae monie a blunder free us, there is a dimness in the eye of the Westerner that has the effect of making the Oriental seem And foolish notion.

to wear a mask. Once that dimness is dispelled Whoever today aspires to understand and apthe Westerner discovers how exceedingly admir- preciate men and women of an alien race, be he able, genuinely likeable, overwhelmingly human Oriental or Western, must approach his task in and "after-all-very-much-like-us" the average Ori- just that attitude of mind-or he must fail. ental is. We laugh at the conclusions of the Chinese in The Oriental himself undergoes the same expe- regard to Westerners but we are just as illogical. rience in his effort to understand and appreciate We say, because the Chinese do many things dif- f erentlYf rom us, they d0 them the wrong way. F or the• aFdrmomiratbhlee sFtuodreywvoorldumtoe, P"rOorfi.enAtalblseritn WA.mePraiclmanerL'sifer.e"cent book, [277]

instance, Westerners returning from the Orient willing to undertake it. The pity of it! To be are apt to state that a Chinese mounts his horse fair in one's condemnations or commendations one from the wrong side. Who said it was the wrong must have first-hand knowledge; yet how many of side? He mounts from the right side. We West- us who rave about the grave errors of Buddhism, erners mount from the left. We think the Chinese Confucianism and Hinduism could write an intelliqueer and uncivilized because they eat with chop- gent statement of the fundamental tenets of any sticks. The early Chinese thought us barbarian of these systems of belief? A thing is not neces- because, instead of having our food cut up in sarily good because it is American, nor bad be- little pieces before beihg brought to the table, and cause it is Chinese; nor is an idea necessarily true then being conveyed to the mouth by "quick because we may have heard it in Sunday school, fingers" which is the Chinese word for chopsticks, or false because it originated with a priest of we have our meat served in huge chunks, slash at Krishna. "Prove all things," said the apostle it with knives and stick prongs into it. (Inci- Paul, "hold fast that which is good." There are dentally, the term "chopsticks" is not Chinese, but many things about the ways and thoughts of an Western, indicating the sticks used in eating chop Oriental which to the Westerner seem queer, ob- suey; and chop suey is not originally a Chinese jectionable, or even wrong, which come to take dish, but a weird mixture invented by Chinese in on quite a different complexion when viewed in America for consumption by Westerners.) An their proper historic and philosophic perspective.

erring Negro – or was it a white man? – was Truly, if we men of different races would under- once asked what the county jail was like. He stand and appreciate each other we must at least replied, "It all depends on whether you are on make a sympathetic effort to study each other's the outside looking in, or on the inside looking cultural and spiritual backgrounds.

out." If we would understand the Oriental we Brotherly Love must abandon from the outset the rather egotisti- cal assumption that we, in the way of doing And how can this be done so long as we stay things, in mental attitudes, and in philosophical at arm's length from each other? To understand and ethical conceptions, are unequivocally right, a race of people we must live among them; for and the Oriental undeniably wrong. only by so doing can we view daily their many- First-hand Knowledge sided actions and reactions, sense and appreciate To understand a race of people one must know their philosophical and spiritual conceptions of something of their language, their literature, life, feel the pulse of their emotions and listen to their cultural and ethical systems and the his- the heart-beats of their hopes and aspirations. torical and philosophical backgrounds of their habits and customs. We tell the Oriental who What a host of books have been written con- ,comes to our shores that he must learn to read cerning other races by men who have obtained most of their information (or misinformation) rand speak our, language, to study our literature from other books, have added to it from interand adopt our customs if he ever expects to ap- views with those who have first-hand knowledge preciate our civilization; yet how many of us are on the subject, and then have attempted to spice willing to take the same steps in order to under- it all by taking a flying trip through the domain . stand the Oriental in our midst. Among the .mis- of those about whom they write, accompanied by sionaries in foreign lands there are many noble numerous banquets and much handshaking! But, and painstaking souls who give themselves un- alas, true inter-racial understanding and apprestintedly in their efforts to understand the peo- ciation does not come that way.

ple whom they are striving to help. They study We men of different races, if we are to under- diligently the language, literature and customs, stand one another, must approach each other with endeavoring always to find whatever is good in the open minds, without prejudice or hide-bound pre- native civilization, culture, philosophy and reli- conceptions. We must be willing to live together, gion, to the end that they may build upon that to study each other and the background of each foundation the more excellent structure of Chris- other's civilization, to give and take, to seek out tian civilization. But, alas, there are still too grounds for mutual agreement rather than dis- many who are either intellectually and tempera- agreement. _And above all, we must go about the mentally unsuited to such a task, or else are un- task in the spirit of brotherly affection.

Loved with a love so wonderful, redeemed at a cost so infinite, there is but one proof of our love that will suffice. Hereby perceive we the love of God, that "He laid down his life for us," that we accept and rest in; but the claim which grows out of that love, alas, we are slow to admit. "We ought to lay down our lives for the brethren." Of that we stop short. We accept the love of God, we accept the gift of salvation, but of the third great purpose of religion-a power in us for the conversion of the world-we are content to remain in untroubled ignorance. This is the great hindrance to Christianity-un-Christ-like Christians.-Mark Guy Pearse.

A New Deal for the

I-e( By PARDEE LOWE, Berkeley, California Iii- I.!======!.!

T HE proximity of the Orient, the paradox ex- tals of the Golden Gate upon a continent which isting in the traditional policy of friendli- only yesterday seemed to represent the American ness towards the Far East and its thoroughly "Promised Land" of economic exploitation, but hostile attitude toward the Orientals in the United which now appears to bode ill for humanity as the States, the absolute failure of the majority of Armageddon of the future. So anxious and wor- Americans (including the Government) to under- ried are the Americans about the situatioI1 in the stand the aspirations of those born of Asiatic Orient that they have totally ignored "the forblood but reared and educated as Americans-all gotten men and women" in their midst-a highly these factors tend to make mandatory the need selected group composed of the Orientals born in for what may in the popular term of the day be this country and whose connection with the land called "A New Deal" for the American-born Ori- of their birth may be traced as far back as the entals, particularly the Chinese. days of '49, and the winning of the West. What a paradox! For in this contradiction lies the seed The Chinese have been in the United States of much of the future trouble in the Pacific or the longer than other Orientals, have experienced the means of its eradication. worst phases of racial persecution, have suffered the longest period of segregation and exclusion The first fact which presents itself is that from normal social intercourse with their fellow America's present policy towards the Orient does citizens of non-Asiatic descent, and have passed not accord with her attitude towards Orientals through more complete stages of social transition, residing here. There exists an unbridgeable until today as a separate racial group, they are chasm between what America preaches and prays headed toward gradual but inevitable extinction. for in the Far East and what she practices to- wards her own Chinese citizens. Taken as a unit, Many have written at length about the prox- these two policies are highly contradictory, if not imity of the Orient and its relation to the United absurd. This reason alone would justify the de- States for weal or for woe. We must not lose mand for a "new deal." Permit me to outline the sight of the truth of their observations in this absurdities: terribly complicated and interrelated world. America is indissolubly bound to Asia by links 1. America encourages democracy and selfstronger than iron, and each passing day's events determination in China by means of the Open tends to bring the two continents closer together. Door Policy, the Nine-Power Washington Treaty, The waves of the Pacific that wash both conti- the Stimson-Hoover Doctrine of non-Recognition, nents carry upon their crest to China the modern not to mention loans of commodities and plenty of developments of American communication, her moral encouragement; yet, on the other hand, she newest inventions, her desire to dispose of her denies the right of naturalization to those Chinese excess goods and raw products-the result of a immigrants who have exhibited the highest quali- highly-geared, mass production industrial ma- fications for citizenship-namely, the courage to chinery and a lopsided agricultural economy-and, emigrate to a strange land, the ability to perform the poignant hope that her political doctrines will the most arduous tasks as roadbuilding and clear- be accepted and adopted by the Chinese nation as ing the wilderness, the manliness to withstand all a bulwark against the advance of the Bolshevism manner of physical persecution and mental intim- of Russia, and as a weapon to check the mili- idation of an alien race, and the intelligence and taristic aggressions of Japan. independence of spirit and self-determination to In return, the same waves bring to the United forsake old ties for a new and, for them, a de- States the backwash of all the aspirations of the sirable allegiance. To make matters worse, not multi-colored races of the East and the national- only are the privileges of naturalization denied istic animosities of countries newly infected with alien-born Chinese but even the natural rights of the Western virus of "Power and Powder." No the American-born have been constantly jeopard- American King Canute can stay the advance of ized by certain fraternal organizations and civic these waves. The masses of Americans, led by groups who have gone on record as opposing the an alert intelligentsia, look out through the por- granting to them the rights of citizenship.

[279 ]

2. An Open Door is insisted upon by the Ameri- them, because of their racial heritage, the provican Government in China, even though such in- sions of that sacred document do not apply. They sistence entails constant danger of serious friction are men and women without a country. They with Japan; yet, in practice, she denies to Ameri- can return to China but their upbringing and educan-born Chinese the right to enter the "Open- cation have so thoroughly de-Chinafied them that Door" into the realms of livelihood where they they are treated as Americans-and not as Chimay compete with their fellow-citizens of non- nese. If they remain in the United States, they Chinese descent without racial discrimination. must forego the rights of every citizen to a nor- This situation is deplorable. American employers mal family life, for there are not enough eligible refuse to hire American-born Chinese even though American-born Chinese women to provide them they may be grandchildren of Chinese immigrants with wives. In many of the Pacific coast states who aided in the development of the West. Labor they are prohibited from marrying outside of unions reject their membership. Business and their own race, even though they may be highly professional men bitterly oppose their entry into qualified to do so. Neither are they permitted by certain lines of economic activity. Excluded the Immigration Act of 1924 to return to China, from the American "Open Door" of economic op- marry one of their own race and bring her to portunity, some of the American-born Chinese re- America. Is it any wonder that the Americanvert to enterprises developed by their elders, such born Chinese are beginning to question with bitas laundries and chop suey restaurants, and im- terness the principles of American democracy mediately bring upon themselves the charges of with which they have been so thoroughly indoctri- "clannishness," "unassimilability," and "un- nated? American legislation and race prejudice Americanism." The remainder of the group face virtually deprive them of an economic livelihood, the alternative of either returning to China or of a normal home life, and complete citizenship. remaining in America as objects of charity or as workers on such public work projects as have Some Evil Fruit been sponsored by the CWA. This is the economic dilemma of the native-born Chinese: rejected by Slowly but surely the present short-sighted dis- America and useless to China, they represent men criminatory policy of the American Government without jobs as well as men without a country. towards the American-born Chinese is bearing evil fruit. Worried members of the group are Racial Discrimination already alienating themselves from the land of their birth and their affection. Like derelict ships, 3. America clings tenaciously to her privileges without any anchor, they are adrift. The shores of extraterritoriality in China because it gives to of America and the shores of China seem equally her citizens the personal advantages pertaining to hopeless to them. What a tragic waste, what a one who presumably shoulders in the Orient the pity! Born in America of Oriental parentage, White Man's Burden, which burden now assumes educated in the American public schools, gifted in the eyes of the Chinese the meretricious pro- with the moral and mental qualities of the West, portions of a common peddler's knapsack; yet, in anxious to improve relations between the land of her own land, she returns the favor and confers their birth and that of their forefathers, no other upon the Chinese the right to live in their own group in the Pacific Basin is better qualified to districts. But what a favor! Behind the velvet serve as the trained interpreters of the Occident glove proffering this gift is the iron hand of com- and the Orient. pulsion. There remains no choice for the Chinese, be he American or China-born, he must live with The nations of the Orient have not been slow in his family in the ghettoes established by the domi- expressing their appreciation of the value of the nant race by agreements between real estate American-educated Oriental. The government of operators or property owners. Few Chinese can China has always recognized the social value of live in any decent, healthy, self-respecting resi- these Western-trained Chinese, for the outstanddential neighborhood in any of the large centers ing leaders of her foreign service today are men, of population on the Pacific coast. like W. W. Yen, Wellington Koo, Alfred S. K. Sze, C. T. Wang, and the late Dr. C. C. Wu, who 4. In the public schools, the American-born received their training and education in the Chinese children are taught the fundamentals of United States. Even Japan, who has been so American citizenship. They learn so well that the quick to imitate America in the things of science lar.'-{ of their forefathers becomes a hazy myth. and industry but so slow in copying the latter's They recite the Declaration of Independence; method of diplomacy, is beginning to shift her they know the essential features of the Constitu- emphasis from the Japanese and European tion of the United States; they grow up to be trained diplomats to those American-trained. A case in point was the selection last year of a 100 % Americans-and then they find that for

A NEW DEAL FOR THE ORIENTALS

former California Japanese schoolboy and Uni- dices, already strong, will be fanned to a red-hot versity of Oregon graduate, Yosuke Matsuoka, to heat, and because modern methods of devastating the position of Japan's chief spokesman at Geneva warfare will unleash such forces of wholesale during the critical days preceding Japan's resig- destruction that it is easily conceivable that the nation from the League of Nations. very race of mankind may be wiped off the face of the earth. The greatest defect in the American Government's policy toward the Far East today is its CHINESE STUDENTS IN CALIF'ORNIA failure to understand the individual value of the American-born Chinese and the social benefit that There is at least one silver lining to this cloudwill accrue to the land of their birth if they are that is, the spiritual strength and moral courage sagaciously employed. A change today is manda- of the second and third generation Chinese in tory. The American policy in the Far East and America who are now entering into young manher treatment and attitude toward those Orientals hood and young womanhood. There are enough domiciled upon her shores must be brought to- of them who have been born and educated as gether in harmony. The right hand of one policy Americans, and who have experienced enough must not work at cross purposes with the left soul-satisfying friendships with members of the hand of the same policy. There can no longer Caucasian race, to counteract the general racial exist any unbridgeable chasm between the two prejudice and discrimination. They are the ones policies if America wishes to insure peace in the who are now striving to enterpret the best quali- Orient. ties of each racial group to the other in the face of insurmountable odds. Upon their eager shoul- How can the United States hope to understand ders falls the job of maintaining friendship in the the people of China who have never come to Pacific. Their task will not be impossible if the this country, if she cannot understand after 80 Christian Americans as a unit are willing to reyears of contact those few selected members of verse the traditional trend of Oriental race prejuthe Chinese race who immigrated to the shores of dice, are tolerant of the many mistakes made by America, who toiled amidst unbelievable hard- these unofficial ambassadors, are helpful in their ships, and who inured themselves to persecution efforts to aid the native-born Chinese to attain and discrimination in order to become thoroughly the full stature of their American citizenship, and Americanized? How can she expect to sympa- stand ever willing to encourage them in their thize with the aspirations of a race of people who hopes of attaining that eternal friendship between represent one quarter of the world's total popu- the East and the West. If the American-born lation and who must of necessity play a major Chinese receive such cooperation from their felrole in the affairs of the world, if she denies con- low citizens of non-Chinese ancestry, then Amersistently those same human aspirations to the ica may rest assured that they will do their part Chinese born and raised here? to further America's desire for a peaceful Pacific even as they sacrificed themselves and their for- The answer is obvious, "America cannot!" tunes in 1917-1918 to help America make the And, if she cannot understand, what lies before world safe for democracy. her in the Orient in the years to come? The misunderstandings in international relations between America and the countries of the Orient are still small in number and not insoluble. If given brilliant and wise statesmanship, they may yet be peacefully resolved. But suppose that America continues her discriminatory policy towards the resident Orientals. Suppose the latter are alienated or expatriated. Suppose (and this is no longer a supposition but an established fact) the economic relations increase between the two countries. Suppose, at the same time, China following American and Japanese example, establishes high protectionism at home and practices ruthless dumping abroad. Suppose all these events come to pass; then, there can be only one solution when controversies reach the breaking point-that is, war. But this war will be different from all others in that it will be on a racial basis. It will be the most cruel and inhuman war ever waged by mankind because racial preju-

Chuck, The Chinese

I By the REV. PHILIP F. PAYNE, D.D., San Francisco, California -~ Department oCf hMuriscshioinnartyheOUpe. rsa.tioAn., Presbyterian W ALKING up Grant Avenue from Market But no one called him Look Lai, because he had Street in San Francisco, one suddenly bought his immigration papers from another Chi- realizes that he has left the United States nese whose name was Gei Chuck. Consequently and has arrived in the heart of old Cathay. The in America he was Gei Chuck. roofs of the buildings curve upward at the eaves and corners, so as to make it impossible for any The depression had descended, and Chuck had stray devil or evil spirit to slide down the roof lost his position as cook in the restaurant. He and enter the house or shop below. The streets wandered from employment office to employment are narrow, although not quite so narrow as those office but there seemed to be a dozen cooks ap- plying for every opening. He had grown hungry in China. The houses and stores are packed and weak from his vain search for work. He tightly together, and many of the inhabitants live could not secure a position under any of the relief agencies or government projects, because the law plainly stated no alien could be employed with funds raised from taxes, sale of state or municipal bonds, or any public funds. His old employer had promised him work for the summer at a Christian Conference and had agreed to advance out of his next summer's wages $5 each month, from January until June. Chuck had carefully counted out his money for January, had paid his room rent and had $2 left.

It was now January twenty-ninth, and Chinese New Year had begun. Chuck had bought a loaf of bread every second day, since the first of Janu- ary. Each day he tried to sleep till noon. Then he arose, ate half a loaf of bread, drank plenty of water with it, and then put away the other half DRAGON IN CHINATOWN, CHASING THE DEMONS loaf for the next day. On rare occasions he was able to get a real Chinese meal at night by washin one or two room tenements, poorly lighted, ing dishes in a chop suey house.

On down Clay Street walked Chuck. He had a with little or no ventilation. Consequently tuber- couple of dimes left in his pocket to last him the culosis is the worst devil in every Chinese com- next two days. All of a sudden he heard Chinese munity. He does not slide down the curved roofs; music and the sound of many running and danche lives eternally in the dark homes and hovels. ing feet. He hurried along with the crowd. The But strange as it may seem, the Chinese dragon weird music was coming from Waverly Place, and and the Christian missions are working together in the center of a large crowd of Chinese stretched to drag him from his lair, and to set the Chinese the big paper dragon. Four Chinese men, clad in America free from his deadly clutches. only in their undershirts and trousers, crouched Down Clay Street, just above Grant Avenue, under the huge form of the dragon, their feet walked an old Chinese cook. He had long since dancing to the music and their heads and hands cut off his queue, that symbol of servitude made making the dragon go through queer contortions. compulsory by the Tartars nearly three hundred Crisp bills, ranging from one to twenty dollars years ago. He wore American-made trousers and dangled on strings from the windows up and shoes, but he still clung to the black alpaca jacket, down the street, for the dragon to swallow as he which, although Chinese, is not repulsive to the went through Chinatown, and thus chase the American people. His name was "Look Lai." devils away for another year.

[282 ] Gei Chuck hastily crowded up near the dragon. which are fighting tongs and are a menace to any He spoke to the man next to him. He knew the community. But forty of the tongs are family man well, for he had seen him many times at tongs, or brotherhoods. True, some Chinese still church on Stockton Street. smoke opium. We white men taught them how, and then through opium wars, compelled them to "What is the dragon going to do with the money buy the deadly drug. True, they do have public he collects this year?" asked Chuck. houses and slave girls. With the Chinese popu- lation in America chiefly pagan, this is not sur- "He is going to give it to the Chinese hospital prising. But as more of these men are becoming to help cure the many children of tuberculosis." Christian, the slave trade must die out. And the "Jesus He help sick children too. I hear that in your church. Chuck he give a little and help sick children. Because soon Chuck catchum Christianity. Jesus He good for China boy."

Chuck took the two dimes from his pocket. He held out one in his knotty old fingers. A hand reached out of the dragon's mouth and swallowed up the dime. Chuck walked away, mumbling to himself, "Jesus He help little children. Chuck he catchum Christianity pretty soon."

America has always looked on the Chinese either as a queer people with yellow skins and slanting eyes who wear strange clothes and do weird things, or as a plague like the locusts which swept into Egypt by the millions to devour the living of everyone.

But no one seems to have ever read in our papers about the Chinese Missionary Society, composed solely of Christian Chinese in America, which has built twenty-eight churches in South China. These churches now have a membership of four thousand four hundred and sixty-nine and raise an annual current expense budget of forty thousand dollars. This same Missionary Society has established seventeen schools where children may learn of Jesus Christ, the Friend of yellow as well as white people. In these South China schools, thirty-seven hundred Chinese boys and girls attend regularly.

Also, few people seem to realize that today China is choosing her leadershhip from the Chinese who are educated in the United States. These young men who are attending American universi- ties, will lead China tomorrow. They will determine the destinies of four hundred and twenty- seven millions of souls in the Far East. In our THE NEW AND BETTER CHINATOWN hands rests one of the greatest opportunities ever offered any people, in shaping the lives of these Chinese in America have many characteristics young people who come to us to learn how to that could well be copied by us, such as honesty, operate a nation and how to make a country suc- trustworthiness, generosity, loyalty – far outcessful and prosperous. It is a magnificent chal- weighing and outnumbering their faults. lenge. It is also an enormous responsibility.

The Chinese are returning to China these days. May we continue, then, to give of our prayers, Fifty years ago there were one hundred and our time, our money, that as China seems to forthirty-five thousand in America. Today there are get our lack of courtesy, our injustices, our unonly seventy-four thousand. Our Alien Land Christian laws, and these people from old Cathay Laws, our Exclusion Acts, our breaking of treat- return to their mother country, they may take ies, our persecutions, give them no great incentive back not alone our greed for gold, but much of to stay. the good we have to offer, the chiefest of which is Christ. True, the Chinese do organize tongs, nine of

Opportunity in

By VIRGINIA KADOIKE, San Francisco, California TODAY there are about seventy thousand in various churches. The first and the most suc- Japanese Americans in the United States cessful one organized under the leadership of Mr. who stand on the border line that separates Claude Estill in 1931 is the Monterey Junior Church. These English services, held entirely in the Orient from the Occident, their faces turned English with an American speaker, are controlled toward the newer culture with its freedom and by the young people. The Junior Church is not only promoting a deeper sense of reverence and individualism. faith in the hearts of the young people but is help- We who have spent our lives in close daily con- ing the parent church financially and spiritually, and has brought the old and the young people tact with the Western culture have not yet fully closer than ever before. It has helped to unite succeeded in promoting better understanding and the parents and their children in working toward amity between the two nationalities. While our one goal-"For Christ and the Church." Oriental characteristics bar us from becoming genuine Americans, yet sincere understanding be- The touch of older culture, with its charactertween the Japanese and the Americans is not an istics totally different from the new, has thus been impossible dream. Friendship-unselfish love- handed down to us by our parents, bringing new is too strong to be swayed by race prej udice. obstacles in the progress of the Japanese Ameri- cans. The meeting of two civilizations, one with The Japanese Town, as it is commonly called, its formal traditions and customs and the other existing in many cities quite independent of the with its independence, cannot exist without prosurrounding communities, is perhaps the root of ducing conflicts and problems. the obstacles which keep the Japanese from fully accepting American ideas and customs. These In adopting ourselves to our environment, we communities which have retained some of the realize better our worth in society. We are feelolder qualities show how difficult it is for the ing with a keener sense our mission as Japanese Japanese to change their national traits. Americans-the message of friendship which our lives must convey. Within the community itself, a definite line has been drawn between Buddhists and Christians. The Monterey Junior Church, in bringing be- Although Buddhism has been greatly modified in fore its second generation the various American its forms and teachings by the influence of Chris- speakers has brought about a closer contact with tianity, the two groups pursue their own courses, the American people and a deeper understandeach undisturbed by the other. ing between them.

English is the language of the rising genera- We find in the Christian religion a reality which passes all boundaries for in Christ there is no tion. Sunday Schools, church services, and the East nor West. Our skin may be yellow, our hair meetings of the various organizations are all held may be black but in Christ our hearts beat as in English. Still, one of the greatest handicaps one; a real unity of spirit and faith binds all in our relation with Americans is our inability to Christians together. Through the church, I beexpress ourselves. Although this obstacle is lieve, lasting friendship will be established. To slowly diminishing year by year, the Japanese us, America stands for standards and ideals, cul- Americans are facing a greater problem in speak- tural and moral values. It is the home of the ing and understanding their own language. To- second generation Japanese. Our greatest task day, there are approximately seventy Japanese is to imbibe the best from each of our two civililanguage schools in California in which attempts zations, from. yesterday and today, and to make a are being made to rectify both these defects. distinct contribution to American national life.

The difficulty in understanding the Japanese sermons led to the organization of young people's English services, which are now being encouraged If you want to follow Jesus Christ, you must be ready to follow Him to to the ends of the earth, for that is where He is going."-Robert E. Speer.

[284 ]

Second Generation

By the REV. FRANK HERRON SMITH, D.D., Berkeley, California Superintendent of the Pacific Japanese Mission, the Methodist Episcopal Church THE Japanese language is read from the right The highest birth-rate was in 1921, so that the to the left, and not from left to right, like largest group is now thirteen years of age. English, so that the back page of a Japanese newspaper corresponds to the front page of an What Are They Doing?

English paper. Now Japanese-Americans have No nationality represented in polyglot America come to occupy such an important place in the is making a greater sacrifice to educate their chil- Japanese community in America that all their dren than the Japanese. In spite of their very newspapers give at least their back page to the limited financial resources, they send their chilyoung people. This is printed in English and dren to school. These children make fine records would be the front page of an English paper. and some are on the honor rolls of almost every This is a good illustration of the extent to which high school on the Coast. Last year 173 were en- Japan and America are complementary. rolled at the University of California at Berkeley At the Easter season the English section of one and many more at the University of Southern of our three San Francisco Japanese newspapers California, the University of California at Los gave a picture of the activities of our average Angeles, the College of the Pacific, the University young Japanese-Americans. The Spartans, the of Washington and other institutions. Their stuchampion basketball team among the Japanese of dent life is usually happy, though there is some Southern California, were defeated 33 to 29, by social discrimination against them. In the larger the San Francisco Y. M. B. A. (Buddhist) Protos, schools they have societies and club-houses of their and are next to tackle the Y. M. C. A. Quintet, own. One of the basketball stars at Berkeley in Northern California champions. The J. A. A. U. recent years is Ted Ohashi who is respected and (a non-Christian Japanese Athletic Union) will liked by all. Nogami, a Sophomore, is on this climax its basketball season with an informal year's baseball squad. In wrestling and boxing, sport dance Saturday night at the Trianon Ball- also in swimming, they are very clever. The two room. R. Grigorio's eight-piece orchestra will largest and heaviest boys among all the high furnish the music. Special Easter programs were school football players in Portland in 1933 are announced for Oakland, San Jose, Fresno, Living- Japanese-Americans.

ston and Loomis. One thousand people attended After they graduate, life often becomes very a Japanese picnic at Marysville. Parlier Bud- difficult and many are thwarted in their ambidhists plan a Buddha Fete. Stockton second-gen- tions. It is especially unfortunate that many are eration American citizens hold an open forum compelled to enter the competition of business which is also attended by Walter Tsukamoto, a during these years of depression. The American lawyer, Dr. George Takahashi of Sacramento banks, companies, department-stores and other and Saburo Kido, a lawyer, T. Murayama, a news- business organizations will employ very few. The paper man, Dr. T. Hayashi, a dentist and S. large Japanese banks and shipping companies Togasaki, an importer, all from San Francisco. with branches in America do their bookkeeping These American-born sons and daughters of and an important share of their business in the Japanese immigrants are actively engaged in Japanese language which few Japanese-Amerimany phases of life. Of the total Japanese-Amer- cans master. They get a smattering of the lanicans some 50,000 are living in California, 9,000 guage of their fathers in the Language Schools in Washington, 2,000 in Oregon, 1,600 each in which are conducted in every large center of Jap- Utah and Colorado and 750 in Arizona. They anese population, but the hours of study, after the slightly outnumber their parents, the real Japa- regular school periods or on Saturday or Sunday, nese who came across the Pacific. While those are too few. Many young men are obliged to set from Japan proper are not allowed naturalization, up in business in a small way for themselves and the children born here are American citizens with will probably be grateful twenty-five years from all the rights, duties and privileges of citizenship. now that they were forced to be independent [285 ]

rather than employees of some firm where they skin. Not only are they patriotic Americans but could not exercise their own initiative. In Los they are politically minded. In 1930 the number Angeles alone, seven young lawyers, born in Ha- of those who could vote was estimated at 4,000.

waii but educated in America, are making a liv- Mr. Takimoto, the Secretary of the Japanese As- ing, and some young doctors, dentists, optome- sociation of America, estimates that fully 20,000 trists, pharmacists and preachers are securing a will have the franchise by the time of the next foothold. As surgeons and dentists these young presidential election and 50,000 by 1951. They people seem to have inherited the skill in the use are well informed and intelligent citizens. The of their hands which is making Japanese surgeons disabilities from which the group is suffering in famous. There are as yet no school teachers in our western states, and from such laws as the un- America though many have entered that profes- fair Oriental Exclusion Act are receiving careful sion in Hawaii. Twenty-three Japanese have po- study. Citizens' Leagues have already been or- sitions as professors in various American univer- ganized in the chief centers and a National Con- sities. With two exceptions these scholars are vention is held each year. The 1934 gathering Japanese-born. Within a few years they will be will convene from August 30 to September 3 in displaced by Japanese-Americans, as they use the magnificent Civic Center of San Francisco.

English so much more perfectly and many more Speakers will include Hiram Johnson, V. S. Mc- universities will be seeking experts in Oriental Clatchy, the leader of the exclusion movement, lore. Chester Rowell, Wm. Gibbs McAdoo and Paul Many young college men, who have prepared Scharrenberg. At Seattle, Clarence Arai, a young for other lines of work, are finding employment in lawyer, has been a local candidate for office so fruit, vegetable and flower markets, especially in that it is easily within the bounds of possibility Southern California. Some now feel that the that we may have a Japanese-American Congress- years they spent at university were wasted. In man from California by 1954. These young citi- such agricultural communities as Loomis, Florin, zens open their meetings by singing "America"

Livingston and Brawley, many young men are and repeat in concert the "Pledge of Allegiance" taking over the rich land developed by their fa- to the flag.

thers. Some, like Tom Matsumoto of Newcastle, Are They Religiously Inclined? are branching out for themselves. Few are de- spondent and almost no Japanese, either of the The partial census made by Dr. E. K. Strong first or second generation, are found on the char- of Stanford University, shows that 77% of the ity rolls of any county or city. It is said that 70% first generation declared themselves Buddhists of the crime of America is committed by the chil- and 18 % Christian. For many of them this dren of immigrants, mostly those from Southern means the kind of funeral they would prefer.

Europe, but few Japanese of either generation are Among the second generation young people only law-breakers. The Japanese population is one 39 % declared themselves Buddhists, while 52ro and five-sevenths per cent of that of the state of professed to be Christians and 9% reported no California but only five-sevenths of a per cent of affiliation. About 5,000 of the 68,000 real Japathat of San Quentin Penitentiary. No Japanese- nese in America belong to some Christian church, American has yet been committed to San Quentin, though there are a few in the Folsom State Prison. while approximately 20,000 are Buddhists and Like their parents, they are industrious, enter- 43,000 are practically without evidence of reliprising and self-respecting and we believe they gious faith. On the other hand, of the 70,000 will make their way in our economic world. Japanese-Americans, approximately 20,000 are affiliated with some Christian organization and Are They Japanese or American? as many more are under Buddhist influence. Many of the young people are compelled by their After eight years of most intimate association parents to attend Buddhist meetings but their with these young people I believe that they are comprehension of Buddhism is chiefly historical.

fully as American as the children of German or There were recently about 100 Buddhist priests Swedish immigrants, and their attitude toward working in America. There are no American Japan is much the same as that of the children of Buddhist leaders of character and ability and the European parents toward Europe. Because they Japanese leaders are, for the most part, priests have the black hair and slightly dark skin of their who have come from Japan and cannot use the ancestors it is difficult for many Americans to English language. One priest at Stockton is a realize this fact and they make no distinction be- Stanford graduate and several have studied at tween them and their parents. They are grow- the University of Southern California or at the ing taller because they follow American customs Pacific School of Religion. Their programs are and those who are indoors are becoming whiter of usually social and athletic with oratorical con-

THE SECOND GENERATION JAPANESE

tests and banquets and an occasional Buddhist Interdenominational Young People's Christian ceremony. This year the Buddhists are planning Conferences are held each autumn at Berkeley, a great excursion to Tokyo and as many as one Los Angeles, Seattle and Denver and are suphundred Japanese-Americans may go. Movies, ported by most of the Protestant groups. The dances, dinners and bazaars are being used to Berkeley Conference, which held its ninth session raise the money for the travel expense. in 1933, is the oldest and the model for the others. Last year it had 546 registered delegates with The Japanese-American Christians are fortu- 700 in attendance Saturday night and Sunday afnate in that they command the services and the ternoon. The young people themselves make all sympathy of the strongest American religious the arrangements and finance the whole underand educational leaders of all denominations on taking with a small registration fee and small the Coast and the programs at their conferences charges for food. Americans assist by furnishpresent the best talent. In the earlier stages the ing free lodging and breakfasts to many of the Japanese Sunday schools were largely conducted out of town delegates. These great fall conferby friendly Americans, but today this work is ences are supplemented by smaller regional concarried on almost entirely by the older Japanese ferences in the spring. young people themselves. In San Francisco the Methodist group is now supplying superintend- These Christian Conferences have done more to unify our Japanese-Americans and to mould their ents for both the Reformed and the Church of spirit than any other agency. The spirit of the Christ Sunday schools. James Hirano is super- group can be evaluated by the central themes of intendent at Oakland, Henry Yamamoto at Ala- some of the recent gatherings. "Jesus' Way All meda, Henry Takahashi at Berkeley, David Taka- the Way," "Send Out Thy Light," "Lord, Teach gishi at Loomis and so on throughout this field. Us to Pray," "Face to Face with the Living Each church has senior and junior Endeavor So- Christ"; and this year, "Go Ye Therefore," are cieties or Epworth Leagues, clubs for various age some of th~ mottoes reflecting the high ideals of groups, boy and girl scouts and other organiza- these leaders. There is no more consecrated, sactions found in an up-to-date American church. rificial, earnest, cultured group of young people In many of the larger churches an English wor- anywhere than these second-generation, J apaship service is held in the period between the nese-American Christians. Sunday school and the Japanese worship hour.

THE FAR-REACHING INFLUENCE OF WORK FOR ORIENTALS Two years ago Pastor Tsuda and I made a list of eighty-four pastors whom we have sent back to the Methodist Church in Japan, all wholly or partially trained in the Pacific Japanese Mission Conference. Recently, in addition to many laymen, we have been sending back an average of two pastors a year. Last year H. Arima, converted and trained in our field, returned home and was immediately appointed to the important church in Sapporo. All the general officers now employed by the Japan Methodist Church are the contribution of the Pacific Mission Conference.

Bishop Motozo Akazawa, the President of the Japanese Church Federation and the Chairman of "The Kingdom of God Movement" of which Kagawa is the chief evangelist, was converted at Honolulu through the efforts and prayers of H. Kihara, one of the early pastors who had himself been converted in San Francisco and became the greatest pioneer of the Japanese Church in Korea and Manchuria. Young Motozo Akazawa was sent to Hawaii to sell sake, but after his conversion he could not continue that business and so came on to California. He became student pastor at San Jose and received his early training in the College of the Pacific.

C. J. Tagashira, the Religious Work Director for Japan, was converted at Sacramento, educated at Berkeley, did his graduate work at Boston University, on a scholarship given him by the Board of Home Missions, and was called to Japan from a Methodist pastorate in Portland.

The Hon. Yosuke Matsuoka, one of Japan's leading statesmen and her representative at Geneva last year, is largely the product of mission work in America. After some time as a school boy in the Oakland Mission he was transferred to Portland where he was the Secretary of the little Japanese church. With the aid of friends he was able to graduate from the University of Oregon. Last year on his way home from Geneva, he was in Portland on Palm Sunday and preached the sermon in the Japanese Methodist Church there. He made the church a present of money to provide suitable rooms for the young people.

-FRANK HERRON SMITH.

Filipinos in

~-4&t By JOSE G. DESEO, Stockton, California j;.- . Pastor-Director of the Filipino House of Friendship ~=====l THE status of Filipinos in America has son why Filipino laborers come to America, is to caused consternation in the minds of many, improve themselves economically and then to re- especially among the Filipinos themselves. turn home to engage in business. This is accom- The general understanding is that Filipinos are plished by signing a contract for a period of two neither aliens nor citizens of the United States, to four years to work in the Hawaiian sugar plan- but are wards enjoying full privileges afforded to tations. Free transportation is offered and upon citizens with the exception of the right to vote arrival in Hawaii they are provided with free and hold public office. In some states, however, quarters. At the expiration of their contracts, the above does not hold true. California, for the laborers have accumulated a little fortune, example, considers the Filipinos as aliens and, but instead of returning to the homeland as origi- therefore, they are placed under the same cate- nally planned they set sail for the American main gory as other Orientals. Such a discrimination, land.

considering seriously the political relation of the The last reason is the exaggerated propaganda Philippines with the United States does not seem carried on by steamship companies throughout consistent with the simple principle of justice. the breadth and length of the Islands, picturing to It doesn't spell good political sense to classify as the young Filipinos that America is the eternal alien one who owes allegiance to the country. land of "milk and honey." It is needless to say California's highest Courts of Justice have even here that those who have come to America with gone to the extent of challenging the authenticity that state of mind find out that life is not as rosy of the Filipino racial origin, declaring that they as it has been described by the high-powered are not Malayans but Mongolians. Poor Filipinos, salesmanship methods of these steamship com- they even have to exchange ancestors in order to panies.

satisfy some American whims and humor. The Filipinos have a strong Roman Catholic There a.re in continental America approxi- background and have been drilled and indoctri- mately sixty-five thousand Filipinos, thirty-five nated into the rigid discipline of that church.

thousand of whom live along the Pacific Coast. Because of this experience at home they are gen- There are six major reasons for the presence of erally eager to accept a more liberal teaching that the large number of Filipinos in America. First, will give them a freerer avenue for self-expres- it is due to the fact that the Asiatic Emigration sion. In America, therefore, these Filipinos are Law does not take within its jurisdiction the Fili- more inclined to align themselves with the Prot- pinos. In spite of this fact other Asiatic groups, estant forces, and seek entrance into Christian such as the Chinese and the Japanese, outnumber churches that afford them more freedom in reli- them three to one. gious thinking and more social opportunities.

The second reason is the Filipino's love of the The desire for a larger human fellowship is so romance of adventure. It is the dream of every overwhelming that the tragedy comes when that high school boy in the Islands to sail the sea after intense desire is repulsed by the nonreciprocal at- graduation for America, the famed land of great titude of these whose friendship and comradeship opportunities for life improvement. the Filipinos covet. The once brilliant flame of The third reason is the educational advantages goodwill, that so characterizes the simple hearts offered by the colleges and universities and the of the Filipinos, thus becomes dull and an attitude fine opportunities for self-supporting students to of superficiality and skepticism toward things re- find remunerative part-time employment while ligious is developed.

attending school. The majority of the Filipino In other cases, there is a complete departure students in America obtained their education via from the church-a most unfortunate situation.

the kitchens of American homes and public res- The Filipinos must learn to overcome their sensi- taurants, factories, or shops, and in some cases tiveness and the Christian Americans must learn by clerking in government of private offices. to appreciate the Filipino's peculiar behavior.

Fourthly, and perhaps the most important rea- On the basis of these apparent differences they [288 ] must discover a common ground for interracial have not only organized a Filipino church but also understanding. This is a real challenge to the a community center that gives adequate ministry Christian Church, and to accomplish its purpose to the social, educational and religious needs of Christians must learn to bleed. Thus and only the Filipinos of that city. The members of its thus can the Church expect to maintain its highest board include some of the influential men and position as a sanctuary and refuge of truth and women of the Church. There is urgent need for justice and love and bring back to the fold of hu- such a general ministry on the Pacific Coast and man and divine fellowship those Filipinos. it will pay the Christian churches to follow suit.

In large cities in America, where a considerable In Stockton, California, the center of the largest number of Filipinos are found, some churches Filipino population, Dr. and Mrs. M. A. Rader have already awakened to the tremendous chal- who, for twenty-five years were missionaries in lenge that the Filipinos present in religious min- the Philippines, and Dr. N. A. Christensen, pastor istry. In spite of depleted budgets, added sacri- of the Central M. E. Church in that city, and othfices are being made to face the challenge and er interested Americans have established the some kinds of fellowships have been organized Filipino House of Friendship, a center which has for the purpose of Sunday worship. An American a strong social, educational and religious program with a real interest in Filipinos is generally to meet the immediate needs of the Filipinos. placed in advisory capacity to help in the admin- Such a friendly overture, on the part of the istration of such fellowships and in some cases a Church will not only regain the Filipinos to their Filipino pastor is obtained to pilot the movement. lost faith but will mean the development of a larger Christian fellowship and a new and deeper Chicago has gone one step further. The Prot- appreciation of interracial friendship. estant churches, through Church Federation, The Needs of the Filipinos By T. W. BUNDY, Seattle, Washington Director, Filipino Christian Fellowship T HE Filipino has come to America largely in Also to evangelize this great throng of Filipinos response to the demand for a cheap labor on who are constantly passing through the city. It the farms and in the salmon canneries of is composed of a fine group of consecrated young Alaska. One to two thousand are here for edu- people, young men and women of high Christian cational advantages and support themselves by ideals, most of whom are high school or college working as house-boys in American homes. students or graduates. Our local Fellowship, feeling its responsibility for the Filipinos every- During the summer Filipinos are found in where, is reaching out to other localities where nearly all the farming and fruit growing sections there are groups of Filipinos and is organizing of the Pacific Coast, while thousands go to the them into like groups. fish canneries. In the fall they return, to live in the so-called "housekeeping rooms" in the poorer, If this, and similar missionary work, follows the slum sections of our cities. In one corner is a gas course taken among the other Oriental groups, it plate on which they cook their food. Their neigh- will result in the establishment of Filipino :bors are the down-and-out whites, drunks, dope churches. Already they are marrying, and there fiends, prostitutes, the dregs of human society. are quite a number of Filipino children. More For entertainment they may go to the pool halls, adequate facilities are needed to reach the many .dance halls where white girls are their partners, who go to no church, Catholic or Protestant. gambling dens, or the cheap movies. Many of The First Methodist Church permits us the use these are run exclusively for their benefit. They of its facilities at certain hours. Some day we do not live in such an environment from choice, hope to have facilities that will allow us to carry but their economic condition compels it. on a seven.day a week program of a religious and social nature. Thus we are trying to lay the foun- The Filipino Christian Fellowship of Seattle dations for a permanent work to help those Filiwas organized in 1927 to minister to the Chris- pinos who will some day return to their homeland tian young people: to help them in their prob- to carry back with them the best that is to be lems; give assistance in securing work and in found in the Christian life of America. making the adjustment to the new life in this land.

Story of Chung Mei

By W. EARLE SMITH, San Francisco, California n .A CROSS the Bay from San Francisco, on a pression, made it impossible to proceed. For six tract of land facing the beautiful Golden years this large family of Chinese boys, and those Gate, stands the Chung Mei Home for caring for them, have cheerfully stayed on in the Chinese Boys of which the Rev. Charles R. Shep- old building in the midst of undesirable surroundherd is superintendent. This is the only institu- ings, and through their woodyard and concerts tion of its kind in America. It is unique in pur- have raised nearly $20,000.

BOYS WORKING AT CHUNG MEl HOME One of the approaches to the new bridge over San Francisco's famous Bay will be built right through the old Chung Mei property, and but little more than a year remains before the Chung Mei boys must find shelter elsewhere.

Since the founding of the Home in 1923 more than two hundred boys have found shelter be- neath its roof. A number have stayed over a pe- riod of years and are now giving splendid account of themselves elsewhere. More than a dozen are continuing their education in high school, and several are in college.

pose, in spirit and in history. Starting ten years ago with seven little boys, it now shelters more than sixty young sons of Cathay, ranging in age from three to seventeen years. Chung Mei Home is not an orphanage, a reform school or detention home. It undertakes to provide a Christian home, care and training for under-privileged Chinese boys-orphans, half-orphans, boys from needy, broken or unfit homes, and the so-called delinquent or problem boy; in fact, any Chinese boy who has not had a good start in life.

The history of this Home, though covering only ten short years, is full of romance. The idea of self-help is always held up before the boys. "We cannot expect others to help us," they are told, "unless we are willing to do our best to help ourselves." They have accepted this challenge and have put their shoulders to the wheel with en- The boys came back to visit and never fail to thusiasm. Before the Home was two years old express gratitude for what the Chung Mei Home its phenomenal success called for extensive en- has done for them. Eddie Tong, after graduation largement. The first $2,000 of the sum needed from high school, remained to render valuable for enlargement was raised by the boys them- help in the Home, continuing his work at the Uniselves. Two years later (in 1928) plans were made to move the work to a better location, and a splendid five-acre tract of land was bought in EI Cerrito, six miles north of the present location. The entire cost was raised by the boys through their musical performances, work in the woodyard and other activities. Plans were then started for a new building; but before the project could be versity of California and has now accepted a place launched the financial flurry, followed by the de- on the staff of one of the Baptist schools in China.

[290 ]

Indians in United

By the REV. THEODORE FIELDBRAVE, M.A., Berkeley, California An East Indian, Formerly with the American Baptist Home Mission Society O F ALL peoples the East Indians have the but their greatest number entered California-in least desire to emigrate beyond the seas. 1913. They are Sikhs and the Mohammedans Their love for home, their social and do- from the Panjab, North India. We all know more mestic customs, and some of their religious be- or less about Islam, its growth and power as a liefs stand in the way of a migratory instinct. world religion. Despite this fact, there are at present over two million Indians scattered over the world outside These Sikhs number about 2,000 on the Pacific of India. All Indian emigration is now either coast, and their religion is called "Sikhism." There very strictly regulated or defi- are over three million followers of this faith in nitely suspended. India. Guru (religious teacher) Nanak, the founder, was born The East Indians in North Mr. and Mrs. Fieldbrave in 1469 A. D., and so was a America may be divided into are the only Christian work~ contemporary of Martin Lufour groups: ers among the four thousand ther. He was a great religious 1. Farmers on the Pacific Coast East Indians in the United reformer who sought to recon- (about 3,000). States. He was born in Luck~ cile and reform both Islam and Hinduism. The general name 2. Students scattered through- now in a Christian home, his "Sikh," means "disciples" of out the country (about the one true God. Their holy 500). grandfather having been a book, "The Garanth Sahib," ("Mr. Book") is the size of our 3. Skilled workers, traders and Methodist minister and his Bible and they believe in it im- merchants of the Middle father a Presbyterian min~ West and East (about plicitly. Unlike the Hindus, 1,000) . ister, and is himself a Baptist. the Sikhs do not believe in thoascobme~~ caste, child marriage, or idol- 4. The Hindu Swamis and He came to America atry, neither do they practice Yogis (about 25 or 30). plete his studies and seclusion for women. come an American citizen. The Hindu (the word Hindu Their tenth Guru (teacher) in America stands for race and For fourteen years he worked not for religion) emigration to this country began sometime in successfully for his fellow countrymen as a missionary, and is now seeking to estab~ lish an Indian Christian ash~ 1905 when there was no immi- ram in America where Hindus Govind Singh, required them gration restriction to America. wi11learn to know and follow all to take a common family They came to both the Atlantic Christ. name, Singh, ("Lion"), typify- and the Pacific seaboards. ing their spiritual kinship and Those who entered from the their g e n u i n e brotherhood.

Atlantic coast were chiefly seafaring Mohamme- Hence, they are called "the Lions of the Panjab."

dans from Bengal. These men preferred factory A unique feature about the Sikhs is that wher- work to farming, and are now distributed over ever they are located in any large numbers they the big industrial centers of New York, Detroit, build a temple for themselves to worship. Their Chicago, Pittsburgh, Milwaukee, St. Louis and mother church, called "The Golden Temple," is 10- New Orleans. In Detroit, the Ford Company and cated at Amritsar, Panjab. Other temples, built the General Motors Corporation have engaged outside of India, are located in Hongkong, where hundreds of them at various types of factory there are over 2,000 Sikhs, and in Vancouver, work. Some Hindus took to trade in perfume and British Columbia, where they number about 1,500 incense, still others were employed in railway counting their women and children. They built shops, lumber yards, grocery stores, tailoring con- a temple at Stockton, California, many years ago, cerns, barber shops and restaurants. but in 1929 this was removed and they erected a The Hindus who entered through the Pacific more beautiful one in its place.

gateway came in large groups at various times, A singular fact is that in America almost the [291 ]

entire Hindu population is male, as the United Others were employed at "squat labor," where hundreds of Hindus work on the farms, orchards, States Government has never allowed, except in cotton fields. and vineyards throughout California.

very few cases, the families of the laboring men The agitation and anti-Asiatic feeling, and the discriminatory land laws enacted against the Orito enter. The Canadian Government has recently entals on the Pacific coast, were not primarily di- rected against the Hindus, largely because they permitted wives and children to join them if they form such a small group.

so desire. . The anti-alien land laws of 1910, 1913, 1917, 1923, and the famous Immigration Exclusion Act American missionaries, whose work is very of 1924, made all Orientals ineligible to American citizenship and the "Barred Zone Immigration strong in the Panjab, have been partly responsi- Act," of 1917 stopped Hindu labor immigration from India. Since that time on, the Indian farmble for the presence of Hindus on the Pacific ers and laborers have been reduced to common every-day laborers. Their present economic concoast. They were told that America was a Chris- dition is pitiable, and presents a challenge to Christian America, to be at least friendly and tian country, a rich and large country, and a free helpful to the sons of India who are like sheep without a shepherd. While America has the right country that offers opportunity to all. California not to grant citizenship to the Hindus as a race, it seems un-American and un-Christian to cancel MRS. FIELDBRAVE WITH TWO HINDU STUDENTS AND THE citizenship legally and in all good faith, granted PRIME MINISTER OF CASHMERE (ON A VISIT TO AMERICA) prior to the Exclusion Act.

was represented the best part of America, because The Exclusion Act of 1924 has also changed the it is like the Panjab in climate, products and in status of the students. It is estimated that during general aspect. Although the majority of Indians 1920 and 1923 nearly 500 students entered this on the coast have come directly from India, some country from India, and with the exception of a have come from Shanghai, Hongkong and Manila few who returned home these are still in the counwhere they had been working as watchmen, police- try, working or attending some school. Now stumen, or in military service. dents are admitted as "non-quota immigrants," must be over fifteen years of age, must attend a At first these men were hired as farm laborers, school, college, seminary or university approved and others were set to work on railroads. As by the Secretary of Labor, and must return home most of them were agriculturists in India, they after finishing his schooling in America. Facing naturally took to farming and some of them be- these regulations, they come in reduced numbers, came prosperous. It is estimated that in 1919 and young, full of life, hope and ambition, to get the 1920 nearly 2,500 acres of good farm lands were best, to make the best and to give the best. They owned in many parts of California by Hindus. stay only for a few years, but they are the future leaders of India.

What kind of impression do they take with them about our country, its religion, its civiliza- tion and its people? Not what they bring counts as much as what they take with them. What a challenge the students from India throw at us Christians! And so do the 3,000 Hindus in Cali- fornia.

They need "sympathy" and "friendliness" of Christian America; but sympathy without action is hypocrisy, and friendliness without service is worse. We shall never be able to claim China, Japan, India and the rest of the Orient for Christ, no matter how much money, nor how many men we send there, unless and until, we can show the "Orient" within our borders how to "live" for Christ.

The fourth group of the Hindus in America is made up of the Swamis and Yogis. There are

EAST INDIANS IN UNITED STATES

two sets of Swamis or Hindu religious teachers in Christian missionaries in the Orient while at the this country. The one group may be called the same time these Orientals who come to California foreign Hindu missionaries to America. These suffer from "race prejudice," our pet national Hindu preachers and teachers come, as our mis- sin. The imperative task of every true follower sionaries go to India, to preach and propagate of Christ is to evangelize the world. This includes Hindu thought and religion. They are supported by the "Ramakrishna Mission," which was estab- AT THE OLD SIKH TEMPLE, STOCKTON, CALIFORNIA lished by Swami Vivekananda after he had attended the Parliament of Religions in Chicago in the people of every color, clime and country. 1893. He was the first from India to offer "Ve- America, while busily engaged in the glorious dantism," a system of Hindu philosophy (Ve- task of saving the Orient for Christ, may lose her danta means the end of knowledge) in a most pal- own soul if the Christianity within her own boratable form for American consumption. America ders is not revitalized. has, indeed, proven a congenial soil for the nurture of this idealized Hinduism. Numerous ashrams have been built where educated American men and women go to hear these Swamis preach or teach. They also give lavishly to support their Hindu ministers.

The other group of Swamis may be termed "homemade," for they are the product of America and most of them have taken up this profession for what they can get out of it. They have discovered that Americans, especially women, are curious creatures and will "fall for" anything or anybody who looks odd or mysterious. Thus, Hinduism in America, with all its ramifications, is the response to the stimulus which is American.

A unique piece of Christian work has been carried on for fourteen years among the Hindus on the Pacific coast. The American Baptist Home Mission Society in 1919 appointed a Christian Hindu as the first missionary to the Hindus in America, and this unique work has been carried on by him and his cultured and consecrated Indian wife until May 1st, last year, when the Society was obliged to discontinue it for lack of funds. No Christian work in America is, perhaps, so difficult, and yet more unique and far reaching than this. Success is not measured by the number of converts counted or church edifices built. Millions of dollars are spent to support THE GOSPEL – MY ADVOCATE I -sinned. Then straightway, post haste, Satan flew Then quickly One rose up from God's right hand, Before the presence {)f the most high God Before Whose glory angels veil their eyes. And made a railing accusation there. He said: "This soul, this thing of clay and sod, He spoke: "Each jot and tittle of the law Has sinned. 'Tis true that he has named Thy name; Must be fulfilled; the guilty sinner dies! But I demand his death, for Thou hast said: But wait; his heinous guilt was all transferred The soul that sinneth, it shall die. Shall not T,o Me, and I have paid his penalty! Thy sentence be fulfilled? Is justice dead? Behold My side, My hands, My feet! One day Send now this wretched sinner to his doom; I was made sin for him, and died that he What other thing can righteous ruler do?" Might be presented guiltless at Thy throne!"

And so he did accuse me day and night, Then Satan fled away. Full well he knew And every word he spoke, 0 God, was true! That he could not prevail against such love, Since every word my dear Lord spoke is true!

MARTHA SNELL NICHOLSON, Wilmington, California.

Challenge of

-<tSf By EDWAR LEE, Berkeley, California Immigration Interpreter at Angel Island, California T HE great problem confronting the Chinese whether they will be an asset or a liability to the churches is one of bridging the gap between greater American community. In their minds the old and new generations of Chinese. The are staged great conflicts of cultures. The older solution lies in effecting an adjustment in organi- generation's contribution to America included the zations, and in better religious education. building of railroads, the cultivation of new lands Sixty or seventy years ago many missions were and furnishing men for domestic work. The new founded in order to convert some of the hordes generation is different. They inevitably adopt of Chinese immigrants that were coming to the the external mannerisms, sentiments and char- western coast. The difficulties must have been acteristics of Americans, while inwardly, as one great, especially in view of the fact that shortly student puts its, "The younger generation leads after the founding of these missions there ap- a truly double and romantic life of the East and peared the agitation for Chinese exclusion which the West. They study Chinese and speak Eng- engendered hostility and suspicion. In spite of lish, admire Confucius and adore Jesus, read Chi- the handicaps, the converts became a nucleus of nese literature and enjoy dancing to American a small but active Christian minority in the com- music; and they celebrate two new years." * munity. In those days, for a Chinese to become The Christian churches in Chinatown have a Christian was a daring adventure, but neverthe- fallen into evil days-evil in the sense that there less this minority group, alienated from the dom- is too much unholy and wasteful denominational inant group, busied themselves starting churches, competition and in that they are unalive to the missionary societies, and schools for the study of duty of serving the present age. The first weak- English. San Francisco, as a center of social and ness was due to rivalry on the part of missions religious life for the Chinese on the Pacific coast, trying to outdo each other in physical buildings likewise became the Jerusalem for the Christians. and on the part of the Chinese in directing most These missions steadily gained strength and char- of their efforts to missionary work in China with acter so that even the San Francisco earthquake no surplus energy left to look after interests in and fire (1906) which destroyed all of them, led America. The second weakness is due to their to building greater mission projects. backwardness and self-complacency which is Just as these missions reached the point of causing ossification of these once active and pro- greatest usefulness, the older or first generation gressive missions. They have failed to realize of Chinese in the United States was passing and that the preaching of other-worldliness and de- the first phase of the work came to an end. The pendence on emotionalism are no longer adequate work was no longer to win the mass of Chinese im- in winning the new generation. The old Chinese migrants, for immigration had fallen off. The old faith has practically long been forsaken and the group was looking out across the Pacific, longing temples are no longer active religious centers. The to return home. Toward that end they labored Christianity as practiced in most of the churches and spent their energy, accumulating money for of Chinatown, though it served the old genera- the trip home and in missionary efforts in the tion, is often unacceptable to the well educated homeland. Energy directed into that channel be- young Chinese. Here is the danger of the devel- came a strong factor in establishing Christian opment of a godless generation, without the old homes, churches, schools and hospitals in the moral and religious restraints and with no new Kwangtung Province from whence they had come. vital faith to take the place of what was dis- But unfortunately tbey did not think of the sec- carded. Precisely- here lies the challenge to ond phase of the work for with the coming of the Christian leadership to help revive these deterior- second generation, the nature of the mission work ating missions.

had changed, and, not being aware of the problem, In what way can these Chinese churches ef- no new technique has been evolved. The prob- fectively deal with the second generation and at lems of the second generation of Chinese in Amer- the same time satisfy the older generation? A ica is a study by itself. On them will depend • Ching-wah Lee on "Second-Generation Problems," 1922.

[294 ] program that is adequate must bridge the gap (bigger than necessary in most cases) now, in between the generation born in China and that time of depression, find themselves with white born and raised in America. To affect a renais- elephants on their hands. To lessen the evils of sance of these churches, they must be purged overlapping and wasteful competition, these from the spirit of formalism which is causing churches, with the cooperation of the Boards, their downfall. The young people, educated and should consolidate into two or three churches. trained no longer wish to follow their forebears in three-legged economic pursuits such as being One weak spot in the Chinatown churches is cooks or runners of chop-suey houses and laun- the preaching. The fact that the pulpits are ocdries. Many capable sons and daughters of cooks cupied by men of the older school results in worand laundrymen have attended universities, try- ship services offering no appeal to the younger ing to rise above their submerged economic status, generation. No attempt is made to give the servbut because of racial prejudices have not been ices proper spiritual atmosphere or to raise the able to reach a standard of living commensurate standard to a higher level. The sermons are as a with their ability. The problem therefore is not rule dry and unintelligent to young Chinese; the only that of saving souls but is also that of pre- prayers long and generally are made up of petisenting a Christian social message that will com- tions for favors instead of spiritual communion fort them and spur them on to higher things in with God. The same familiar hymns, sung from the midst of toils and conflicts. week to week and in both tongues simultaneously, also jar sensitive nerves. Is it any wonder that San Francisco's Chinatown, a community occu- those of the second generation, who attend church pying a small area, has seven Protestant go away bored and hungry? Furthermore, the teaching of the Bible, without interpreting it in churches,* and one Catholic church and center, the light of today, often causes them to reject it altogether. The preachers, often without any probesides Salvation Army, and branches of the fessional training or ability to stimulate, are Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. Denominational hardly qualified to lead any youth movement. pride or prejudice prevents one group from unit- They are apparently unmindful that each generaing with others or using the facilities of another tion must come to faith in the light of the best available knowledge of the day. One cannot put denomination.t Duplication is not only a tre- new wine into old skins lest they burst. Such is the plight of the churches in Chinatown. mendous waste of financial resources, but is also a great waste of intellectual resources in that the But despite their shortcomings, these Chinese division of enlightened leaders prevents the for- churches afford the best opportunities to young mation of a working majority within each church people for self-expression as well as for spiritual to plan progressive work. A few old members in and moral development. Therefore, a church that each church, strongly indoctrinated to love their will pioneer the work of the second generation particular denominations above social progress, and provide opportunities for their spiritual realiare stumblingblocks to the leaders trying to pro- zation will render a great service to Christ and mote church union. The Mission Boards that once to humanity. This is the problem and the chalvied with each other in building these churches lenge of Chinatown.

• Denominations represented are Baptist, Independent Baptist, Congregational, Episcopal, Methodist, Presbyterian, and Cumberland Presbyterian.

t The Hip Wo School project, sponsored by Congregational, Methodist, and Presbyterian churches is the only notable exception.

METHODIST WORK AMONG THE JAPANESE IN AMERICA The Pacific Japanese Mission Conference has organized work at Mesa and Phoenix, Arizona; Denver, Pueblo and Las Animas, Colorado; Bakersfield, Berkeley, Florin, Perkins, Fresno, Selma, Reedley, Brawley, Livingston, Loomis, Marysville, Gridley, Los Angeles, Oak- land, Oxnard, Palo Alto, Mountain View, Riverside, Sacramento, San Francisco, Sunland, San Jose, Santa Maria, Vacaville, Fairfield, Winters, West Los Angeles, California; Seattle.

Spokane, Tacoma, Wapato, Washington; Hood River, Salem, Portland, Oregon. There are 32 organized churches. This work is cared for by 23 Japanese ministers, three Japanese-Ameri- can ministers and 6 Japanese-American assistants. There are also three Americans, besides the superintendent, partially or wholly supported by the Board of Home Missions. In addi- tion there are scores of volunteer helpers who receive no salaries. The churches at Oakland, Berkeley (United), Livingston, Seattle and Los Angeles are fully self-supporting. The sub- sidy to the others varies from $5 to $45 a month. In the past eight years the total member- ship has increased from 2,279 to 4,056 and the Church School enrolment has grown from 2,609 to 4,438. Self-support has increased from $31,713 to $65,338 in 1932 and in 1933 the total gifts amounted to $47,689. -FRANK HERRON SMITH.

Story of a Chinese

Huie Kin, the Boy Who Became the Founder of the First Chinese Church of New YQrk -4if By the REV. THEODORE F. SAVAGE, D.D., New York Executive Secretary of the Presbytery of New York No FABLED hero of a magician's tale ever them only fourteen, started out across the Pacific had a greater contrast between humble be- in a small sailing vessel. About two months later ginnings and an active life than did Huie three of them arrived in San Francisco, the oldest Kin, who came from China to America as a poor having died on the way.

lad; and whose ministry of eighty years came to Young Huie Kin's first job was as a house boy a close in January of this at $1.50 a week, and later he year. He first saw the light tried his hand as a farmer's in a little Chinese village of helper. He was fortunate in four lanes, fourteen houses, attracting the attention of and seventy souls—called the several Christian people who "Village of Perpetual Peace." saw in him real possibilities Later he became a dominant and assisted him to secure figure among his countrymen more education. The Rev.

in the greatest city of the new J ames Eells, pastor of the world; the founder of the First Presbyterian Church of Christian church which today Oakland, befriended the lad, bears his name; a beloved and soon after received him minister for nearly fifty years into m e m be r s hip in that in the rush and turmoil of church and put him to work New York City. Whether he in a mission Sunday school.

often sighed for that peace That conversion was genuine he seldom told his friends, and brought forth fruit many but he loved the memories of hundredfold. that simple agricultural life The young man was given with its strong family back- a college training and after ground. his graduation from Lane Theological Seminary a call As a youth Huie Kin was came to take charge of the given the opportunities of a simple education in thE: Chi- mission work among the Chi- nese classics, but perhaps an nese in New York City.

ambition was stirred within Thither he came in 1885 at him because of the name the age of thirty-one. The given him by his parents, THE REV. AND MRS. HUlE KIN mission had started in 1868 at which translated means "Light the Five Points Mission and of Scholarship." Tales of the outside world came in 1879 came under the general supervision of the occasionally to the village of Perpetual Peace. A Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. Huie neighbor knew someone who had once been in Kin took charge of the Chinese Sunday school Australia; later came tales of gold discoveries in of the University Place church, of which Dr.

a mythical land of California. Finally some of George Alexander was pastor. Thus began a life- the youths of the village became restive and four long friendship, which caused the Chinese Chris- of them, including young Huie Kin, then fourteen tians of New York to think of Dr. Alexander as years of age, announced their desire to come to their father in Christ. America. With rare foresight his father consented and mortgaged his farm for $30 to pay the Work among the Chinese had many encouragepassage. Then, in 1868 these four lads, two of ments and encountered many difficulties. It was conducted in one rented building after another [296 ] until in 1908, through a remarkable combination agreed to marry them, and all testified that no of circumstances a building was secured at 225 marriage seemed more truly blessed by Heaven. East 31st Street. It had been formerly occupied Mrs. Huie was as devoted to the Chinese work as by the East Side Republican Club and was ad- was her husband and became a true mother to the mirably adapted to the work, having, in addition Chinese of the city. Nine children came to bless to a large auditorium and basement for social them, and· their achievements are most imprespurposes,· a number of classrooms, and a whole sive. Here is their record:* floor which could be used to house young men recently arriving from China. Rev. Huie Kin Irving Van Arnam, B.S., New York University; Major had married a remarkable Christian woman and in Engineering Corps in the World War; formerly Depthe living quarters for the minister and his fam- uty Commissioner of New York State Highways; engiily were on the top floor. Two years later, in neer, New York City; married Miss Irene Gartland of 1910, the First Chinese Presbyterian Church was New York City; two children. organized. Harriet LoUise, B.A., Hunter College; married Mr. Through the ministry of this church Mr. Huie Fuliang Chang, Ph.B., M.F., Yale University, M.S.A. Kin has exerted an influence upon many of the University of Georgia, formerly Dean of Middle School of Chinese who have come to New York and upon the Yale-in-China, now Secretary for Rural Work, National life of China of far greater proportions than any Christian Council of China, Shanghai; five children. membership statistics can indicate. A list of those who have participated in the work reads Alice Ordainia, B.S., Teachers College, Columbia Unilike a Who's Who of modern China, including versity; married Mr. Y. C. James Yen, B.A. Yale, M.A. such men as Dr. Wong Chung Way, now a judge Princeton, D.Sc. St. John's University, Director of Mass at the Hague; Dr. C. T. Wong, formerly Minister Education Association, Tinghsien; five children. of Foreign Affairs of the Chinese Republic; Mr. James Yen, founder of the mass education move- Caroline Alida, B.S., M.A. Teachers College, Columbia; ment of China, and Mrs. Margaret Chan, Secre- married Rev. Y. Y. Tsu, Ph.D., Columbia, B.D. General tary of Lord Lytton's Commission to Manchuria, Theological Seminary, Secretary for Religious and Social who was for several years pianist in the New Work, Peiping Union Medical College; four children. York church. The founder of the Chinese Republic, Sun Yat-sen, as a young man, lived for Helen Pierson, B.A., Cornell; married Mr. Paul C. T. some months with Mr. Huie at the building on Kwei, B.A. Yale, M.A. Cornell, Ph.D. Princeton, Professor Ninth Street, and while he was there he worked of Physics at Central China University, Wuchang; three out many of his political ideas, and practically children. wrote there the draft of what later became the constitution of the Chinese Republic. Ruth Gorham, Wooster College; married Mr. Henry H. C. Chou, B.A. Oberlin, Ph.D. Columbia, Dean of the Mr. Huie not only was engaged in preaching College and Professor of Education at Yenching Univerand teaching, but devoted much of his time to sity, Peiping; three children. welcoming newcomers to America, giving them a hand of friendliness as they became adj usted to Dorothy Esther, B.A. Hunter College, M.A. Columbia, new conditions. He spent much of his time in Associate in Bacteriology, Peiping Union Medical College; caring for the sick and needy, and was a frequent married Dr. Amos Wong, M.D., St. John's and John Hopvisitor at the Presbyterian Hospital encouraging kins, Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese, who were too afraid of American ways, Peiping Union Medical College; one child. to seek medical assistance. Albert Van Arnam, B.S., C.E. College of the City of The Huie Family New York; engaged in engineering work, New York City; married Miss Janet Lockwood of Greenwich, Conn; one Not the least of the achievements of Mr. Huie child. has been the establishment of the Huie family. Not long after he came to New York a volunteer Arthur Kin, B.S. Lafayette College; engaged in pubworker appeared at his mission, Miss Louise Van lishing and printing, New Haven, Conn.; married Miss Arnam. True love seemed to know no racial bar- Isabel Lockwood of Greenwich, Conn.; one child. riers and these two came to Dr. Alexander to tell him of their desire to join their lives. He cau- Huie Kin's life was supremely happy and he tioned them and warned them, stating that back could look back upon a service in his chosen proof each there were thousands of years of abso- fession in which he not only attained distinlutely different traditions and cultures, and dif- guished recognition, but maintained the love and ficulties w.ould undoubtedly be in store for them; affection of all who knew him. He exerted a but, when their decision was unaltered, he finally blessed influence on an untold number of lives, and completed his days in peace, returning with his wife to the land of his birth, to be near his daugh- ters in his old age. At the end he thus attained the ambition which is that of every loyal Chinese and, among members of his family, slipped away peace- fully in his eightieth year. The members of his New York church immediately requested Presby- tery to change the name of the church to the "Huie Kin Memorial" that there might be a con- tinued reminder of his faithful ministry.

·These family statistics are taken from the Rev. Huie's "Reminis- cences" (1930).

Generation

By SUMILE MORISHITA ODA, J Berkeley, California 1)9- ~==============================~ I N THE public schools of America the second w/ould like to enjoy this recreation, which so generation Japanese children have been many of the young people do, they must go after praised for their good conduct and high scholastic standing. They are neat and clean. They ten o'clock at night. In some of the largest cities on the Pacific have caused little or no trouble by juvenile delin- Coast, Japanese cannot use the swimming pools quencies. of the Y. M. C. A. and some other places have They have every right of citizens, given by the the same rule. Constitution, yet because of their appearance, At the University of California, no Japanese can pay their registration fee until proof of their citizenship is established, before the University lawyer. If one is not born in California the fee is almost $50 more. This discrimination hurts.

They are forced to take military training at the University of California, but when they apply for training in the Naval Cadet corps, they are re- fused. The problem of renting or buying homes in the better sections of the city is another difficulty with which refined second generation Japanese are confronted. In Los Angeles, a splendid newly-wedded couple, the husband a professor in a university and his wife a graduate nurse, had to move five times in three months before they could find an apartment where the neighbors did not object.

In Walnut Grove and Florin, two country towns where there are many Japanese children, they are segregated into schools and so cannot learn to speak good English.

Another difficulty is that in most families the parents speak Japanese and the children Eng- lish. As a result parents and children can with difficulty talk over matters of personal impor- tance without the danger of misunderstanding on both sides.

Photograph ZOO;nea by Dr. Frank Herron 8111Jith Many exceptionally capable second generation YUKI KUWAHARA Japanese students have been trained in univer- Religious 'Vork Director at the Japanese Methodist Episcopal sities in engineering and architecture and other Church, Los Angles fields but they find no positions available in they very often confront serious difficulties. Ra- American firms. If, however, they overcome their cial discrimination is heart breaking for the Jap- natural timidity and develop their personality and anese are extremely sensitive and proud and their do better than the white Americans, there is a children are not without that quality. place for them.

A few examples of the discrimination which The second generation are, however, fortunate they have to overcome may be cited. in having the heritage of both Japan and Amer- Japanese are prohibited in some localities from ica. With this dual heritage, they have the re- seeking seats on the first floor in theatres. In sponsibility and privilege of working toward the Oakland they are not allowed on the skating rink bringing about of a better understanding between at "Rollerland" during regular hours. If they these two nations which border on the Pacific.

[298 ] Effective Ways of Working 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home I EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~,===============================,~, Of One Blood-Or Many? Between the various state- ginning two years ago with four mem- ments of things as they are and bers, now numbers 45. From that "Perhaps the greatest home the final declaration of the ideal group many from strong Buddhist mission fields in this country are for America lies a great field of hom€s have been baptized and are those which are markQd off by endeavor where every Christian earnestly seeking to win others. One the barriers of race. We have is under obligation to invest him- lad has won his father and mother learned to tunnel through moun- self to the limit of his strength and wants to train for Christian servtains and to bridge rivers. We and his means. With the possi- ice, as do others in the class. The have built roads across the des- ble exception of the Negroes, no- Japanese Woman's Home and a ert and by these roads mission- where is racial pre j u d ice church in Seattle with a membership aries have made their way to the stronger than in the American of 400, Sunday school enrolment of most distant points on our mis- attitude toward the Chinese and 500, and nine outstations are insionary frontier. We have pene- Japanese, against whose peace- cluded in the home mission program trated the regions most difficult able invasion we have erected of work among Japanese. – "Home of access in Alaska, where mis- our immigration barriers-and Mission Facts and Folks," Baptist sions are being served both by incidentally done much to para- Boazrd of Missionary Cooperation. boat and by airplane; but no one lyze missionary efforts in those has yet been able successfully to lands. By what Christian poli- The Place of Dramatizations cross the barriers of race."- cies can we ameliorate this atti- "God and the Census," by Robert tude toward Orientals in our Good Americanization plays McLean. home land? are effective in creating atmos- phere and the right attitude of "The race problem is a hu- The Department of Home Missions mind towards foreigners in our man problem. Until we think of known as Christian Americanization midst. Here are several which, all citizens as human beings, seeks, through a very simple organi- though not new, have stood the with human rights, human in- zation and almost no expenditure of test of time: terests, and human possibilities; money, to enlist church members in until we insist on equality of op- definite forms of neighborliness "America for Americans" (10 portunity, equality before the among the foreign-speaking people of cents) . law, equal sanitary provisions, their communities. The ideal is every equal protection of persons and church member a neighbor, as Jesus "Christ in America"-a pageant of property . . . until we become interpreted that word. Three of the Home Mission opportunity, with Chiconscious of a human brother- most common avenues of service are nese, Japanese and Hindu impersonahood and cease to exploit the teaching groups in homes, centers or tions prominent (15 cents). weak we are not even in sight of churches; helping any who desire to our goal."-Dr. J. L. Kesler, become citizens; just being a friend, "The Striking of America's Hour" Vanderbilt University, Nash- with all that word implies. There can -a pageant of Christian liberty, with ville. be no hard and fast rules by which to a ringing call to the higher patriotism go, for we are dealing with personali- and a challenge to American Chris- "Go to church?" said one Chi- ties, and each one is different, but in tianity (20 cents). nese laundryman. "Go to church, these intimate relationships, Christian China. No time to go to church, men and women have marvelous op- In "Christ in America" the Amelica. On Sunday Amelicans portunities to interpret democracy Chinese character says: come for clothes." and a vital Christian faith to neigh- bors, many of whom have come to I thought it would be easy to find America, America! America seeking the best it has to your Christ in America. Before I The shouts of war shall cease; give. left China I had known one of your The glory dawns! The day is come missionaries there whom I had ad- Of victory and peace! The Chinese Mission School in San mired. In this land I expected to find And now upon a larger plan Francisco is crowded to capacity. all women like her. . . . I entered We'll build the common good, Kindergarten and primary children, one of your great universities. At the The temple of the love of man, nearly all from non-Christian homes, first reception I attended, many talked The House of Brotherhood! learning day by day songs and stories to me of our queer manners and cus- of Jesus, carry them! home to father toms but no one spoke to me of Christ. and mother. Among the students are I thought they were waiting for me 50 young men most of whom come to ask to be taught, and so I said to from villages in China where the one of the teachers, "Tell me more name of Christ has never been heard. about Christ. I have heard only a … A Bible class in the Japanese little." Her face flushed and I saw that I had blundered. "We do not r Baptist church in Sacramento, be- speak of these things in a social gath- 299] ering," she answered. . . . She did not mention the subjectlagain."

The Japanese girl says to Co- lumbia, after commenting on the

loveliness of the western coast Grandmother (studying map): It is Using Missionary Magazines -rivaling that of her own land quite natural, little Etsubo, for -so that she concluded that all them to make Japan look small on We announced an afternoon joy would be hers in America: this map. It was made by the peo- with young people all around the ple of the black ships. Japan is world-looking at the fine things I expected to hear the name of made large on the Japanese maps they are doing, the way they are Jesus on every tongue. I thought it of the world. responding to challenges of would be easy to lead my brother to present-day needs. We had church in America, where I expected Girl: Who are the people of the black eight speakers from our own juto find all the people Christians; but ships? nior and senior societies, with a he has never heard the name of God member of the woman's society from American lips· except on the Grandmother: They are the red bar- as announcer and timekeeper. fruit farm, and then only with oaths barians who came uninvited to our The program was carefully and curses. Now he sneers and says, sacred land. They came in big planned, and every item of in- "The Americans send their religion black ships that moved without formation was taken from reacross the sea to us because they have sails. cent numbers of THE MISSIONno use for it themselves." ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. Girl: I know; Ishi sings it to me: "America for Americans" is a They came from a land of darkness- Afte~ a ten-minute introducwholesome play of world friend- Giants with hooked nose like mountain tory talk, based on three articles ship and good will for boys and -"Students Facing God and girls, and while much shorter imp; Life," "Youth's Need of Christ," and simpler in presentation, has "Youth and Religion in Ameria forceful message. All three Giants with rough hair, loose and red; ca," in the May and July nummay be obtained from the Lit- They stole a prolIllise from our sacred bers of 1933, seven women folerature Headquarters of the lowed with interesting news United Lutheran Church, 723 master items of movements among the Muhlenberg Bldg., Phila., Pa. And danced with joy as they sailed youth in America, Japan, China, Korea, Burma and Europe. They "A Daughter of the Samurai" away told of the response young peo- To the distant land of darkness. ple are giving to the race-rela- This sketch is intended to in- tions problems; the evangelistic troduce and create interest in I wonder why they are called black bands of students who are tourthe book of the same name with ships? ing Burma, India and Korea; a view to its study or reading Grandmo·ther: Because far out on the the Christian Youth Movements later. Before the curtain goes waters they looked like clouds of of Norway, Bulgaria and Hunup, some one reads a brief intro- black smoke rolling nearer and gary; student Christian productory sketch explaining that nearer, and they had long black nouncements in German univerthe author, Etso Inajaki Sugi- guns that roared. The red barba- sities; student conferences in moto, is a teacher of Japanese rians cared nothing for beauty. the Latin quarters of Paris; language and history in Colum- They laughed at the Japanese boats, youths' responses to Sunday bia University and has written whose sails are made of rich brocade school missions and to national the story of her own childhood and their oars of carved wood in- missions. These facts and many in a Japanese home, her girlhood laid with coral and mother-of-pearl. others were put into as stirring in a mission school in Tokyo, her They talked like tradesmen and did five-minute talks as our society marriage to an American mer- not want to learn the hearts of the has ever listened to. Incidenchant, her brief but happy life in children of the gods. (Pause.) tally THE REVIEW found its way this country, her return to Ja- Girl: And after that? And after into homes it had never visited pan as a widow with two little that, Grandmother? before, and the marked articles girls and finally her triumphant Grandmother: The black ships and were not the only ones read with struggle to obtain permission to the red barbarians sailed away. interest. – Emmabelle D. Pierreturn to America to educate But they sailed back many times. son, Presbyterian Church, Upher daughters. The sketch makes They were always sailing, and now per Montclair, N. J. us acquainted with the author as the people of our sacred land also a little girl who is very much talk like tradesmen and no longer "Editing Missions," "The disturbed about her beloved Ja- are peaceful and content. Woman's Friend," or "Women pan and has taken her troubles Girl: Will they never be peaceful and and Missions," or whatever the to her Honorable Grandmother. content again? The honorable desired magazine may be, makes The grandmother enters and is teacher said that sailing ships a bright and profitable program seated, after which the little girl bring lands nearer to each other. and also a good setting for secomes in, bows low and is also Grandmother: Listen! Little Grand- curing subscriptions. The leader, seated. daughter, unless the red barbarians as the editor-in-chief, gives an and the children of the gods learn editorial taken from a recent Girl: Honorable Grandmother (point- each others' hearts, the ships may number of the publication (it ing to a large colored map of the sail and sail but the two lands will may be either bona fide or syn- world in a book), I have just never be nearer. thetic); then she announces the learned that our beloved land is only a few tiny islands in the great -Mary Brown, Downey Ave. world, and I am much, much Christian Church, Indian- troubled. apolis.

This little volume (price, $1.00) will not only enable its readers to see Americans as a native- born Japanese living in our land sees us but will go far toward- enabling us to "learn each oth- ers' hearts."

"The Orient Steps Out," by Mary Jenness, is also particu- larly valuable, being a new book for Vacation Church Schools, "for girls and boys and their teachers." (Cloth, $1.00.)

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

different features of a typical is- they are expected to visit and Bells of India (Higginbottom), cloth, sue, such as: the leading article; make arrangements to be with $1.50. Fleming H. Revell. a story; a poem; the devotional them on their regular meeting page; the news column; depart- days or at a special called meet- Ann of Ava (Hubbard), cloth, $1.00; mental features, etc., choosing ing, so that as nearly as possible paper, 75c. Missionary Education the brightest and best features the entire membership may be Movement. from several recent numbers. present to hear the message. This is also an excellent way to Results of the visitation are later Uganda's White Man of Work bring the magazine into action reported to the state secretary (Fahs) , cloth, $1.00; paper, 75c. instead of allowing it to lie un- the data obtained to be used to Missionary Education Movement. used from month to month, as increase, improve and intensify when daily papers and new nov- the missionary work of the de- The White Queen of Okoyong (Livels crowd it out. nomination. In this way litera- ingstone), $1.50. Doran. ture finds its way into the va- A Chain of Visits rious homes, missionary interest The Moffats (Hubbard), cloth, $1.00; is awakened or deepened and the paper, 75c. Missionary Education The every-member financial membership of all the societies Movement. canvass has become an accepted involved is to be increased as function in most churches of much as possible. For Juniors and Primary late years; but our Lutheran Children brethren conducted a visitation "The last public address of campaign with a different ob- Dwight W. Morrow," says the A China Shepherdess (Applegarth), ject and technique. They say: canvassers' instruction sheet, cloth, $1.75. Judson Press. "contained this statement: 'It is One of the greatest needS existing impossible that the difficulties Totem Tales (Crane) , cloth, $1.00. in our mdssionary organizations today which rest upon you can be any Fleming H. Revell. is a consciousness that we are part and greater than .the difficulties parcel of a great fellowship, linked which rested upon the noble men Junior Stewards of the Bible (Walup with other groups in like service and women who founded these lace), board, 75c. Fleming H. Reand with the same purpose for the one organizations with less adequate vell. cause-the spread of the Gospel. resources than you have, even Growing out of regret that there in this period of depression.' Off to China (Sweet), cloth, $1.00; should be any group, however small These words were not spoken paper, 75c. Friendship Press. or remote geographically from others, with reference to the work of which feels alone or discouraged, a our missionary organizations Windows into Alaska (Warner), plan has been proposed to have every but how applicable they are!" board, 75c. Friendship Press. adult organization in the land visited by some one not a member of that Not since the First Mission- Greatness Passing By (Hulda Niegroup-an ambassador bringing a ary sent out His disciples two by buhr) , cloth, $1.50. Scribner. message of friendliness and cheer … two has this plan of personal between Easter and the middle of visitation been improved upon as Additional books will be men- May. . . . We need to remind our- a Kingdom method. tioned later. selves that God's plan for realizing His purpose to share His Son with MISSIONARY READING A GOOD RECITATION the whole world has not changed. He FOR YOUNG PEOPLE has no other method for revealing His Was Tha.t Somebody You? Son than through the individual lives In line with the suggestions and personal efforts of His children. last month for missionary edu- Somebody made a monthly pledge You and I hasten or retard His pur- cation in the home, the following Testing his purse to utmost edge; pose and His plan as we give our- books are recommended as hav- Somebody paid it through the year, selves in devotion, service and sup- ing proved their merit and their Brightening the world with Christian port, or as we withhold such gifts. interest for youth: cheer. The volunteer vis ito r s- For the 'Teen Age Was that somebody you? doubtless carefully chosen with a view to fitness-are expected As It Looks to Young China (Hung), Somebody handed cheerfully in to prepare themselves in mind cloth, $1.00; paper, 60c. Friend- Money to help God's cause to win. and heart for the task, familiar- ship Press. Somebody kept his promise to pay, izing themselves thoroughly with Writing his check on each scheduled material furnished as a guide to The Young Revolutionist (Buck) , their message so there may be cloth, $1.50; paper 75c. Mission- day. no sense of strain in delivering ary Education Move~nt. Was that somebody you? it. A letter is sent out to the president of each adult group The Boys' Life of Kit Carson (Sey- … … * … * … … … asking that he or she issue to the mour) ,,cloth, $2.00. Century Co. members of the group a call to Somebody's pledge was only a scrap, the observance of a special day One Girl's Influence (Speer), cloth, Paper that no value mayhap. of prayer for missions. Daily $1.00; paper, 75c. F. N. Andrews, Somebody's soul grew shriveled and intercession through the months Pub., Plainfield, N. J. of May and June is to be small; pledged. The visitors get into Girls Who Achieved (Kirkland), Failing, he grieved the Lord of all. personal touch with the groups cloth, $1.00. Harper Bros. Was that somebody you?

More Fireside Stories for Girls (Eg- Somebody let the year slip by, gleston), cloth, $1.25. Heedless of payments piling high. Somebody said, "No more delay; Quickly I'll settle that debt today." Was that somebody you?

– – – —An-onymous.

Jesus Christ, so full of life and love, is my closest Friend. His pierced hand is ever leading me on. He lives in the hearts of countless persons, transforming and ennobling their lives. And so with reverence I intro- duce to our eager, questing and strug- gling youth this Jesus whom I have come to know and love.-Kwan Hsi- pan, Canton Christian College, The Spirit of Missions.

'~I=================I~

BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK I ~'''''''''''''''''""~—–=-===—–=-=-========—–=-==—–=-=======I~ From tne New CMna. Simon Peter answered, Thou art Chinese seems very discourag- the Christ, the Son of the Living ing. About seven years ago there JESUS WASHES THE DISCIPLES' FEET God. John 13: 5-11 was in Greater New York a To make known the unique- total of fourteen Chinese Sun- Jesus said: This is my command- ness of the Way, the Truth and day schools, and of these three ment that ye love one another, even as the Life of Jesus is not the com- were missions with five regular I have loved you. plete story. His universality paid workers of which three needs equal consideration, espe- If ye know these things, blessed are cially in presenting Him to per- were ministers. In these Sunday ye if ye do them. sons who do not know Him, or schools there were about 600 or know Him only from hearsay. 700 already Christians. The To say to Orientals that the Everywhere we all are "set in average attendance was about Way of Jesus of Nazareth is families," and we can under- sixty per school. At the presunique is not enough. To be- stand the familiar or intimate ent time there are only eight lieve in Him as the very Son of ways and teachings, such as the God and Son of Man comes to washing of the disciples' feet, schools, three paid workers, one the persons and groups and peo- that is, we understand if we minister, and the school attendples who grow in the knowledge abide long enough with Him to ance averages about twenty-five of Him from year to year, as His win understanding. Most mis- at each. To make the picture teachings and life are tested by sionaries learn early in their complete, formerly there were the everyday experiences of liv- work that if the Truth and Life ing. To come to know Jesus as of Jesus are without hindrance also the Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. Lord and Saviour of Life is the and with patience presented in C. A. and the kindergarten for fruitage of true discipleship. a whole-hearted and whole- children. The Y. M. C. A. was But who say ye that I am? And minded way, He is understood dissolved seven or eight years and loved for His own sake by ago, while the latter two stopped intellectual and simple-minded last year. At a glance the Chi- alike. nese Christian work does seem Jesus belongs to the Orientals degressive. Let us trace some and other "strangers" in our causes for this degression. midst as much as to Americans. The old Holiness Code, which A few years after the World was part of the heritage of War, business in general was Jesus, recorded: "The stranger that sojourneth with you shall very active and the Chinese res- be unto you as the home-born taurants in New York were do- among you, and thou shalt love ing their share, thereby attract- him as thyself; for ye were so- ing many Chinese to this city to journers in the land of Egypt: work. With the depression I am Jehovah your God." hardship came to many and the Chinese are no exception. In Chinese Christian Missions in 1924 the passage of certain im- New York City migration bills put an iron door By K. C. YEUNG against many would-be Oriental newcomers to America. The so- Pastor, Huie Kin Memorial Presby- called anti-Christian movement terian Church, New York in China in 1922, the depression, and the opening of private Eng- In this period of world-wide lish classes during the last three economic depression the Chris- or four years by individuals to tian work among the New York earn a living, give some light as [302 ] to the decrease of the number of Chinese in New York and corre- spondingly also the Christian work. In these times of depres- sion with the high cost of living,

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

many were forced to return to generously contributed toward stripes overhead, I was taught China. Christian mission work in China to sing of the "land of the free Notwithstanding the condi- will reserve part of their fund and the home of the brave." For tions we are in today, we should for use for Chinese Christian all alike, this El Dorado of the not be discouraged; Chinese work in New York. New World was held out as a Christians who are with us now land of practically limitless op- are not discouraged. Take for portunity.

example in our church, the mem- Books and teachers alone are bers bear $700 extra in addition not responsible for my illusions.

to the regular expense during The entire world today finds in the year. The Chinese Chris- Hollywood a most prolific source tian Union of Greater New of "information." Its products, York, which was disbanded sev- exported abroad in ever increas- eral years ago, was reestablished ing quantities, are for some peo- in 1933. Chen Woo, who was a ple the only means through laundryman, started a mission which they acquire their "knowl- when he went back to China. It edge" of America.

now has 180 scholars and an at- Other purveyors of American tendance of approximately 300 enlightenment there are, besides.

for service. Some members of At home, I came in contact with the Trust God Mission went back missionaries, business men, army to China and started missions. and navy people, tourists and Two other members of our others. Each group presents a church sent funds home to sup- different portrait of American port Mass Education for Adults. life.

These signs are encouraging and When, therefore, I landed on fruitful. these shores, I had in my mind a As I see it, the Chinese Chris- rather complex, uncertain pic- tian work needs some kind of a ture. That it needed consider- "new deal" in order to keep able retouching in many places, abreast with the time. Jesus I soon found out.

the fisherman knows that to fish In the realm of human rela- He must go to the streams where tions, there is perhaps no place there are fishes. He should have MRS. P. C. OUYUGAN in the world where a wider and the necessary equipment as well Jottings from a Foreign Stu- more successful experiment has as Himself, the fisherman. In been tried than in the United dent's Experiences and New York Chinatown are lo- States. This nation has truly Observations cated most of the Chinese busi- been a fruitful laboratory for the ness houses and on Sundays, By ESPERANZA ABELLERA testing of the Christian principle Chinese from neighboring com- regarding the essential equality munities invariably flock to CUYUGAN of all peoples and the oneness of Chinatown-a very good stream the human family. From the Mrs. P. C. Cuyugan is President of the Filipino Women's Club or New York. Mr. beginning it was destined to be and Mrs. Cuyugan were trained for Chris- so. True, the melting-pot has for fishing. , tian leadership by missionaries in the Philip- never really melted, and perhaps will never melt. The test, never- .In general the Chinese in New pines. Both have been students at Columbia theless, has not proved to be University. They are leaders in the Fili- a failure. York as well as in other parts of pino church of Brooklyn. Absorbed in his own affairs, this country are different from Countries and peoples are th'e rugged American individualwhat they used to be. Their never exactly as they are pic- ist shut himself up in a shell of thinking mind is different. They tured in books. They are not have had better education than even: as painted on canvas. Cer- isolation. What need did he have their parents. They have seen tainly they are not as portrayed how aggression is being applied on the screen. This I find to be upon China. New York China- true, at least in my own experitown is not the proper place to ences. My conclusions are a re- to know the others around him? receive this new generation of sult of some seven years of ob- He forced upon himself a dan- Chinese. "Fishing equipment" servation in America. gerous provincialism.

in the form of a church with As a girl in Philippine schools, What could these foreigners Y. M. C. A. activities near run in the English (United want except to take away from Chinatown, it seems to me, States American) manner and him much of the fruits of his lawould be the most ideal means tradition, I had my illusions bors, undermine his hard-earned to serve the present needs. about America. Through his- prosperity, and drive him to a Before concluding I wish to tory and literature, I learned low standard of living? At first express the hope that some of much about these great United it just did not occur to him that the American friends who so States. With the Stars-and- the student, the business man,

the artisan, came not only to gone I have found individuals Personal Problems of Foreign take but also to give. He was and groups who, because of a Students in America oblivious of the fact that these surprisingly appalling lack of Except from article by Joseph same foreigners were his collab- knowledge of the Islands and the Van Vleck, Jr.

orators in building up the ma- people, have consistently op- The foreign student in Amerterial prosperity he now enjoys. ica is a phenomenon as old as posed our emancipation from the our oldest colleges, but it is only Instances of racial discrimina- United States. I have found, during the past twenty-five years tion are numerous. It is a mat- too, that these people, when that his great significance for ter of common knowledge that properly informed about us and certain minority groups suffer our nat ion a 1 aspiration, are international education has been more from this than others. nearly always in favor of Philip- truly recognized.

Metropolitan centers are ex- pine freedom. . . . But there Beginning with the twentieth cellent schools in the study of are evidences that the American century the number of students race relations. -New York City, people as a whole are becoming coming from Oriental lands despite its cosmopolitanism and more world-minded, a happy steadily increased until during its democratic atmosphere, is 1917 to 1922 the maximum an- augury for the future, to be sure.

one outstanding example, partic- Helping to counteract these nual enrolment in the United ularly in the sense that the so- misunderstandings, which arise States was approximately 2,000 called equality of opportunity from a general lack of knowl- Japanese, 2,500 Chinese, and does not truly exist for all races. edge of my country, has been one 1,800 Filipinos. of my great opportunities since The post-war period saw a Exclusion laws against cer- coming to this wonderful land. significant immigration of Eurotain races are found in the statutes of a number of states. The I am a proud and grateful pean students to America, espefederal government itself is no beneficiary of many American cially from France, Russia and exception. They all have the institutions. The memory and Germany. The total enrolment possession of all these I count – of foreign students in the United same basis: racial discrimina- among my choicest blessings. States last year was a little over tion. It is a wonder that the relations of this country with In reciting the foregoing ex- 8,000; judging from census rethose nations is as friendly as periences and observations, I do turns already received from 50 not feel that I should offer any per cent of the colleges and uniit is. Few things can be as unpleas- apology for any undue emphasis versities, the total this year ant to one whose complexion is I may have given the various (1933) will not exceed 7,500. They represent one hundred difother than white as experiences points illustrated. I will say, ferent countries and are pursuone frequently undergoes look- ing a great variety of studies; ing around in search of a room however, that in writing the ar- a majority still continues in arts or apartment. As is customary, "ads" are inserted in the news- ticle I never for one moment and letters; in the professional papers and the "vacancy" sign course, engineering, agriculture, prominently displayed. These thought of discrediting America notwithstanding, the bell is and her institutions. Rather, it medicine, and education lead in nearly always answered with: popularity in the order named. is my purpose to bring out the "The place has just been let out," It would be difficult to exag- "I rented the room just now," fact that, like any other nation, gerate the vital meaning of stu- "The rent is so much" (an amount double or treble the ac- America is a nation of human dent migrations to the cause of tual price is usually quoted), or, m u t u a I understanding and "We take only white people in beings; that, therefore, she friendship. In the Orient today here." Otherwise, without as American-trained nationals are much as a word, following a should be so understood and ap- dominant in the spread of Westquick, scrutinizing look from ern ideas of education, public praised by those who, like me, health, recreation, and social the landlady or superintendent, welfare. Similarly, foreign stuthe door is slammed in one's might have the privilege of sharface. dents in America have inter- ing in her life at its best-in preted to us the life and prob- Illustrative of the fact that those things that it has to offer lems of their people; with the ignorance is largely responsible for the enrichment of mankind. utmost frankness they are point- I am, in other words, pleading for amity and understanding ing out the weaknesses and among the peoples of the world. I want to see a wider and fuller application of the teachings of the Great Master of men who said: for a great deal of misunder- "Now are they members, yet blunders of our civilization in its standing between nations is the but one body. That there should impact on the rest of the world. attitude that again and again I be no schism in the body; but If world-unity and peace are have observed among all classes that the members should have ever to be realized we may count of Americans toward, for in- the same care for another. And on the foreign student as an instance, my country. For nearly whether one member suffer, all dispensable factor in the attainfour decades the Philippines the members suffer with it; one ment of such a goal. have been under American sov- member honored, all the mem- For further information, consult Commitereignty. Yet everywhere I have bers reioice with it." tee on Friendly Relations Among Foreign Students, 347 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y.

AMERICA tion to inner circles of the White largest Protestant church

House and Capitol. Men, wom- earth. It is the Abyssinian Student Religion en, laymen and ministers signed church, which has a membership and asked to be permitted to take of more than 11,000 and recently In regard to the religious sit- the covenant to others. celebrated its 125th anniversary. uation on American college campuses The Christian Century The movement has grown -Watchman-Examiner. says: "Whatever happens to the quietly, yet rapidly, until it is nature of college students' belief now known as The Christian Sixtieth Anniversary of the percentage of church mem- Crusade, with an office in Wash- Rescue Work bership holds up well during col- ington. This is the simple but lege years. Fifty-five per cent of vital covenant: Donaldina Cameron and her graduate students claim church rescue of Chinese slave girls inmembership as compared with Believing Jesus Christ to be the spired a celebration at the fa- 60 per cent of freshmen. A only Lord and Saviour and Supreme mous Home in San Francisco on study of the responses of the Revealer of God-Father of us all-I May 3. Miss Cameron's biog- 2,789 college students who once promise henceforth during this year rapher prepared the manuscript attended religious services but to live a simple, sincere, active Chris- for a dramatic presentation in had ceased to do so, reveals that tian life, realizing with God's help the First Presbyterian Church 54 per cent stopped before ar- fellowship with Christ, and to encour- on May 4, entitled "Pictured riving at college. Thirty-seven age others in a league of daily prayer; Years." A Chinatown banquet per cent stopped because their and I will endeavor each day to read sponsored by the young people interest was not held by the ac- and meditate upon the Holy Scrip- was a part of the celebration tivities of the churches, and 33 tures, and at least once a week make honoring the 60th anniversary per cent because they did not be- a personal effort to encourage or draw of the beginning of this work. lieve the things that were taught s·omeone nearer to Christ. Miss Cameron has been active there." during more than half this pe- Many Feeble Churches riod, and is commonly credited These facts are drawn from with having rescued 1,500 girls. 7,500 questionnaires returned "There are at least 85,000 from the 15,000 distributed in feeble churches in the United Gangdom Strength the twelve institutions. Since 90 States which are unable to supper cent of students questioned port the full-time services of In a statement before the have retained their belief in God, either a trained or an untrained United States Senate Judiciary and 60 per cent "considered minister," says the Institute for Committee, Attorney – General themselves religious" it appears Social and Religious Research. Cummings said that the armed that the dropping away from "The data indicate that a church forces of gangdom outnumber church membership and attend- must have about 350 members in the 200,000 men in the army and ance does not meaD loss of be- order adequately to support a navy. He estimates that the lief in God. well-trained minister. Only 12 armament of crime, in revolvers, or 13 per cent of Protestant machine guns, and sawed-off Leaders Read the Signs churches meet this demand." shotguns, exceeds the total arms equipment of America's soldiers Forty professional men, real- The report further states that and sailors.-Alliance Weekly. izing the serious condition in our there are in Protestant pastornational life and believing there ates as many trained ministers Student Gospel Teams must be a changed attitude to- as there are churches that can ward God and His program for support them. This means that The Moody Bible Institute in the country, have covenanted to- there is a large oversupply of Chicago has revived the practice gether in a league of prayer and untrained men-40,000 to 50,000 of putting out student gospel personal work. Their own expe- of them in 1930. This serves to teams, and during the spring rerience became marvelous, revolu- perpetuate the number of feeble cess five or six such teams visittionary, and their lives more and inadequate churches and ed Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, effective. This small circle soon keeps the level of the ministry Wisconsin, Iowa and Missouri. grew to thousands. It ran into "about equal to the wages of This activity was in addition to all walks of life and carried the semi-skilled workers." regular church, mission and vismessage for spiritual regenera- iting work by students in and -The World Call.

Largest Protestant Church A Negro Baptist church in New York City claims to be the [305 ]

around Chicago. Each group Facts About Hispaniola Kom, situated not far from the consisted of a speaker, a vocalist, archeological site of Chichen It- In Hispaniola (the new name za. In this village all practical an instrumentalist, and in some for Haiti) education is in gen- activities are closely associated cases vocal groups. As many as with magical and religious ob- eral in the hands of the Roman servances. These, in turn, are seventy-five churches or pastors Catholic Church. French teach- curiously compounded of simpliwelcomed the idea as a move- ing Orders have it in charge. fied Christian rituals and the ment that would revive commu- The great mass of the population pagan religion practised by annities, and promote the saving cient temple – building Mayas. of souls. The Institute hopes to is unschooled and must be so, for Superstitious remnants of the enlarge the scope of the work there is scant opportunity to be past are inextricably mingled during the summer and, if pos- anything else. The Episcopal with modern ideas and ways. sible, to make it a permanent Church has twelve day schools, Peru's Bible Convention feature of student training. with 1,100 pupils, but this is in a population of 2,500,000, 85 per The annual Bible Convention and Synod of the Iglesia Evan- Living Epistles cent of the number being illit- gelica Peruana (Peruvian Evan- erate. gelical Church) was held last year at an altitude of 15,000 feet, An American Christian went Rev. George L. Richardson, in Morococha, one of the best known mining centers of Peru. into a Chinese restaurant in To- D.D., R e c tor of All Saints' Here is one of the strongest ronto to eat his lunch and en- Church, Peterborough, N. H., groups of believers in the whole of Peru, who have been the gaged the Chinese waiter in con- made a four-day visit to the means of spreading the Gospel throughout this region. Many versation. Happening to have a island, and reports: serranos come in search of work in the mines and find light fc;>r copy of the Gospel of John pub- It is the largest of our foreign mis- their souls; they, in turn, belished by the Scripture Distribu- sions in point of baptized members; come Gospel bearers as they re- turn to their pueblos. tion League, he passed it on to The work is so well established in the favor of the government that the At this Convention, the Christhe Chinese waiter with the re- . Bishop was recently awarded a deco- tians, with some hundred and quest that he read it. The man ration in recognition of eminent serv- fifty others, forty of whom were official delegates from nearly as accepted it with thanks and read ices rendered to the people of the many congregations, filled the the cover aloud,which states- Republic; Government School Hall, loaned The President and his Cabinet still by the municipality. It was ap- "His Triumph, The Greatest further testified their appreciation of parent that these workers had Conflict in History"-as evi- our Church's work by attending offi- come to realize fully their re- sponsibility for the expansion, dence he could read English. He cially the Thanksgiving Day service government and support of their promised to read the booklet and of 1933; Church. Toward this goal new The clergy serve for stipends of steps were taken, one of the most asked the customer if he went to from $40 to $60 a month (now subject important b~ing the appointment Sunday school. Receiving a re- to ten per cent reduction) and minis- of a Synod Board formed by na- tionals only, who will look after ply in the affirmative he seemed ter to three or four stations apiece; the advancement of the Gospel in pleased and brought in the soup. and this section of their country, Hispaniola in spite of the poverty of with as little financial help as Before that course was finished its people paid in full its missionary possible from foreign sources. he was back at his elbow, and in quota last year. -The Neglected Continent. his broken English again in- -The Living Church. Peru's Youth Movement quired if he went to Sunday A band of young men and school, as though he had not The Maya Civilization women in Peru, called the heard aright. When he was told "Apra" has all the glamor of a yes, with reproach in his voice, In the Smithsonian Institution crusade. Their leader, Haya de he said: "But you did not say at Washington is an exhibition la Torre, for fifteen years has of Maya fabrics and tools of fought to weld together the youth your grace." and the disinherited of the land -Evangelical Christian. present-day manufacture – ob- for the purification and the re- jects which probably do not dif- LATIN AMERICA fer essentially from those of 500 Mexican Women's Auxiliary years ago. The collection shows that the culture of the modern An entire issue of El Heraldo, Mayas has deteriorated very lita Mexican church paper, is de- tle during the centuries since voted to the Mexican Women's their greatness, and that they Auxiliary. This Protestant Epis- are not to be thought of as a discopal organization has commit- appearing remnant of a once- tees on religious education, so- great people. They are today in cial service, supply work and the a curious process of evolution, press, all of which report work passing from old tribal customs and plans. The paper has an ar- through man y intermediate ticle on the Auxiliary as a force stages into a state resembling in deepening religious life, and cosmopolitan civilization. Yet another on definite plans for the some of the tribal groups are coming year. Two points are still in the most primitive stage. stressed: to propagate the faith A community about halfway and to give money. between these stages is Chan

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

demption of their country. Back gelical believers representing all estant weekly, gives in every isof the movement is a purpose bra n c h e s of the Christian sue a list of the Sunday services profoundly religious. Haya was Church, and bearing testimony held in Paris. A late issue has educated in a Presbyterian to "The Holy Scriptures as the the address of no less than fiftyschool, and while he could hard- fully inspired and wholly trust- nine Reformed Churches with ly be classed as orthodox, he worthy revelation of God to the names of the pastors and the owes much to the things learned men," and to the great evangel- hours of service; twenty-four in that school. Catholics, Prot- ical doctrines. Lutheran churches; thirteen estants and non-believers work The Fellowship, in planning Methodist and Baptist centers of together in the Apra. There is a their Conference in London last worship; in addition there are willingness to sacrifice; a sense month, sent out the following of- twelve mission centers of the of mission and destiny. ficial call: Salvation Army and other evan- The Apristas propose to re- The undersigned believe that in our gelizing agencies, and ten places make the social and economic day a Testimony to the Holy Scrip- for Reunions de Priere. In addilife of Peru, safeguarding the tures is urgently needed, which shall tion Protestant services are con- aim to recall the world's attention to ducted in the German, English, rights of the lowliest Indian, and the Bible and seek to reestablish Armenian, Danish, Dutch, Hunassuring the finest privileges of among all people a reverent regard the nation to all alike. The Apra claims to number among its con- for the Book as being the Message of garian, Swedish, Russian and stituents fully eighty per cent of Rumanian languages. God to men. , the population of Peru, and its -The Presbyterian. bitterest opponents do not deny We feel that such work will lead to that today Apra could easily win a new and sustained interest in the Finnish Mission Society any fair election. Barring un- Bible, and to such a great response to The seventy-fifth anniversary foreseen accidents, Haya de la of the Finnish Mission Society its Message as shall result in spiritual has just been celebrated. The blessing and moral uplift both to the individual and to the nations.

The Bible Testimony Fellowship is therefore calling a Conference from Torre may be the next president which will go forth a clear and power- -Advance. ful call to the world to return to that origin of the society runs along of Peru. reverence for the Bible, which shall lines similar to that of the mis- result in earnest reading, belief in its sions of the neighboring Scandi- EUROPE saving claims and obedience to its in- navian countries, and is closely Clearing Away Slums valuable teaching. connected with the awakening England is resolved to get rid -So S. Times. which swept over Finland in 1830 and the years following. of its slums. Plans already pro- Wesleyan Mission, London About that time two pastors who visionally accepted by the government provide for the demoli- No city mission has so varied represented separate viewpoints tion of 266,851 unfit houses, and so numerous agencies as the in regard to matters of converinhabited by 1,240,182 people, London Mission of English Wes- sion and a prominent layman beand for the building of 285,189 new houses to replace those de- leyans. There are eighty-six cen- came acquainted with Dr. Jo- molished; and it is anticipated ters where mission work is being hannes Gossner, who himself that the program will be further extended. The capital cost is es- carried on in poor and crowded was destined later to lay the timated at £165,000,000, equivalent to an annual payment of sections, areas where once state- foundation of a great mission in £3,100,000 by the government ly mansions have now become India.

and of £1,070,000 by the local sordid tenements. One of the When the 700th anniversary authorities concerned. Manches- ministries is a "Cripples Guild" ; of the introduction of Christianter proposes to clear 15,000 slum dwellings, and Liverpool, 11,000. another, rest centers for unem- ity in Finland was observed in Leeds has the largest program, ployed. It was fou,nd tha~ men the churches, the government involving 30,000 houses. The came each mormng wIthout. granted permission to raise an government proposes to introduce a further Housing Bill this breakfast in order to leave what offering for missions in all of the fall, giving local authorities new powers to acquire, compulsorily, little food their cupboards held churches. At last the time was property for reconditioning. for wives and children. Accord- ripe to found a missionary ,so- -The Advance. ingly, 50,000. breakfasts were ciety and, with the cooperation served to chIldren, and thou- of men who are famous in their san~s sent with their mothers to country, the Senate authorized seaSIde or country. the founding of such a society There is also a rescue work for on Jan. 19, 1859. girls, led by a ~oman. 80 years It took ten years before the of. age; there IS med~cal work first Christians could be baptized WIth five doctors, two dIspensers, -but in 1920 a mass movement and nurses 'working ful~ time. World Wide Bible Testimony -So S. Ttmes. began and in the year before 474 people were baptized. In The Fraternal Union for Bible Protestant Strength in Paris 1932 the number of accessions Testimony, which later became amounted to 2,106. In the first The Bible Testimony Fellowship, Paris has Protestant Sunday 50 years the members were 4,- was organized in London in service in 138 places. Le Chris- 798 but in the last report there 1923. This is a union of evan- tianisme an XX Siecle, a Prot- were more than 28,000. The 80-

ciety has 16 stations with 198 Greece, Rumania, Yugoslavia are spending their days in fields preaching points, 50 ordained and Bulgaria. All have endured or factories, laboring to provide missionaries, together with 284 centuries of Turkish oppression, daily necessities. This lessens native workers. yet have preserved their nation- their pastoral and pulpit effec- al and religious life. Now, as a tiveness, and prevents extension The society has extended its result of the rapid penetration of work in surrounding territory. work to Hunan province, China, Western secularized civilization, organized in 1902. There are 4 and new conditions created by . -The Macedonian Call. main stations with 34 additional political and social changes, they points. The ·number of Chris- are all experiencing transition AFRICA tians is 1,800. The society also and readjustment. Under Turkcarries on a mission among the ish rule, missionary zeal was al- Five Converts to Islam Jews in Bukowina. most entirely annihilated among Balkan Christians, whose inter- The following item appeared Paganism in Germany ests were so thoroughly concen- in a recent issue of an Arabic trated upon national liberation newspaper published in Cairo: While some nationalists in that the life of the Church be- "Five C h r is t ian Egyptians Germany are seeking to restore came almost completely identi- (whose names are listed) went old Teuton pagan worship, Sir fied by them with the life of the to the Shareia Court of Shebim Philip Gibbs believes that the nation, to the detriment of the el Kom and announced their conmajority of Germans are hostile universal character of the Chris- version to Islam. The proper to the attempt by Dr. Alfred tian message. But the great pro- legal steps were taken and their Rosenberg to reinstate the old portion of the people remained names changed." German gods. Protestant and faithful to 0 r tho d 0 x y, al- Catholic churches are said to be though communism and anti- "Religious liberty" is guarancrowded as never before, and Sir religious sentiment began to teed in Egypt's Constitution, but Philip believes that any frontal penetrate after the War. The it works only one way-liberty attack on religion in Germany Brotherhood of St. Paul distrib- for Christians to become Moswill be a most dangerous policy utes religious literature, organ- lems. Last summer when it was for the Nazis, and will lead them izes conferences, retreats and discovered that influences were to the precipice. schools, gives special attention to being brought by missionaries to young people. A new organiza- convert a Moslem girl to Chris- A Wholesome Requirement tion, "The Mission of the Greek tianity, the whole country was in Church," makes its main object an uproar which lasted four A law which might spare us to counteract communist propa- months.-Hermann A. Lum. much anxiety and trouble is in ganda.-The Living Church. effect in Bulgaria. No child who Training for Baptism attends school in the grammar Along Polish-Russian Border grades or high school may see a Young African tribesmen are picture unless accompanied by For almost a quarter of a cen- not admitted to the Church in parents, except when a picture tury efforts have been put forth Liberia without careful training. proves to be of historical or lit- to evangelize and train in Chris- A class of forty "hearers" was erary value. Then the Ministry tian doctrines the people along recently formed, to be under of Education approves the pic- the Polish – Russian b 0 r d e r. regular instruction for a year ture and it is advertised that Against every sort of difficulty before they are made catechuschool children of certain ages and opposition this labor has mens, and another period of may attend. If a child is seen in prospered, until there has re- training before they are bapany picture house without his sulted an indigenous Church of tized. parent, and the picture has not Christ ministering to native peobeen approved by the Ministry ple in their own tongue. It is A simple and dignified ritual of Education, that child's con- organized as the Union of in keeping with native customs duct grade may be lowered one Churches of Christ and has the marks their admission as hearor more points. If it is lowered official recognition of the Polish ers, the earliest stage. The quesbut one point the student is government. Dr. K. J. Jarosze- tions they are asked are these, barred from entering the Uni- wicz is president of the Union. translated into two languages: versity at Sofia. However, this It already has over 200 estabpoint may be regained before lished mission churches and ov~r What do you want? (The answer, graduation from high school by 300 ministers, missionaries and I want God's cross.) good behavior. volunteer workers engaged in its activities. In normal times the Will you promise to keep God's -Christian Advocate. Union could be self-supporting laws? and carryon its own extension The Greek Church in Balkans program, but the membership is Will you promise not to use pagan having a struggle even to exist. charms? The Orthodox Church in the Many of the best missionaries Balkans consists of four self- Will you promise not to use divinagoverning churches, those of tion, nor to obey a diviner?

Will you promise not to sacrifice to spirits, and if others sacrifice meat, will you promise not to eat that meat?

Will you promise to have one wife only (or husband), to be faithful, and not to follow any other?

Will you promise to pray to God every day, to come to church on Sun- day, and to come when they call you to hear God's word?

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Expansion in Nigeria bility rests almost wholly on Af- to read in church, how to pre- rican chiefs, and natives who pare and preach a sermon, and The Sudan United Mission appreciate what is being done. how to look after the church and opened four new stations in Ni- church compound from a sanigeria last year. It has now 40 Training classes are held annual- tary point of view. Every evestations reaching 50 tribes. A lyon a forty-acre site given by ning the lay readers were renotable feature of its work is quired to talk personally to the the increased share taken by the Accra chiefs to the Scout Asso- people of Aviara on the Chrispeople themselves, making itin- ciation four years ago. A month- tian life; and at week-ends they erations on their own account ly magazine is published. went to village churches of the district, preaching, doing per- -The Church Overseas. sonal visiting and holding serv- ices. -C. M. S. Outlook. and building churches. That at A Century in Basutoland Forum holds some 500 people. Seeing Things as They Are In the last seven years 46 new The Paris Missionary Society Baptist missionary Charles E. Smith, from the newest Baptist stations have been opened. The is celebrating 100 years' work in station, Kikongo, makes the situ- ation vivid by comparison: Bishop of the Niger reports that Basutoland, its oldest field. In "What would you say to havin 1932 the church contributions 1933 the number of baptisms in- ing only two pastors for Massa- chusetts, Rhode Island and Conrose from £43,689 to £50,082. creased to 3,000. The average for necticut; or eight pastors for each of the states of Michigan, Communicants increased from former years was about 2,000. Illinois and Wisconsin; or but twenty for the whole of Califor- 17,350 to 19,450, but paid work- During the last ten years Roman nia? Supposethat there were no paved roads, no automobiles, but ers dropped from 1,645 to 1,582. Catholics have increased by 205,- just narrow winding paths; then suppose that each of these pas- He deplores that the great bulk 000. Three hundred and fifty tors had not only to look after the interest of the churches in of the people are still pagan and new mission stations have been these areas, but the educational work as well, including the suthat many of the Christians opened among the natives with pervision of 203 outpost schools; and the feeding, clothing and inshow little zeal in evangelistic 40 churches for the Europeans. struction of 280 central school pupils, to say nothing of the conwork. The presence in South Africa of struction and repair of buildings and the upkeep of property. Sup- There is a movement toward a large Indian population-some pose, in addition, the wife of one of these pastors was responsible unity in Nigeria. One step in have come to Natal under a sys- for the health of the station family of 487 people (workmen, this direction was the formation tem of indentured labor, and school children and all) and thousands of others within a of the "United Mission of South- have not been repatriated as had radius of six days' journey."

ern Provinces" in 1929. originally been intended; others -Watchman-Examiner.

are "Bombay traders" (mostly Villagers Ask for a Missionary One Hundredfold Mohammedans) who are to be A few years ago four men from an African village walked Mrs. M. L. Hack of the Amer- found in many towns and vil- eighty miles through the bush to the nearest mission station to ican Board tells of a Chindau lages – has created a special ask if their village, too, might have a missionary. They had girl who was sold three times by problem. . been sent as a deputation by their chief and the people of her heathen father. Then she ran The people of South Africa their village; they humbly prof- fered their request, then walked away, walking 200 miles to Mt. are looking for a name for them- the eighty miles home again. Until recently this request has Silinda School, East Africa. She selves. "African" is an inaccu- had to remain unfulfilled. At the became the first girl teacher in rate designation, since it calls a an out-station school; she broke part by the name of the whole.

native superstitions and under- The term "Bantu," though it went the first major operation m~a~s merely "t~e people," is performed in her part of the I gammg the ~eld. m mtepectual ccaomunetrsyh·~ when the depression groups lainndgusiCsIteicntIdfiecssitgund~Iteis?,nanodf volunteered to keep on is the teaching "God's work" without the language of the maJorIty of pay. She has now taken into her t~e peoples of larger ~out? Afhome a two year old motherless rIca. – World Evangel2zatwn..

child to bring up, and she faces Isoko's Lay Readers a second serious operation.

-American Board News. A group of lay readers has Boy Scouts on Gold Coast been commissioned by the bishop in the Isoko country, to conduct The Boy Scout Movement has services, exercise pastoral over- made remarkable progress on sight, and hold classes in and for the Gold Coast. There are now their churches.. There are now 32 Scout centers and over 3,000 between fifty and sixty of these officers and scouts. More impor- men doing effective work. Rev.

tant than the numbers is the J. W. Hubbard has given them a spread of the Scout spirit, and short training course in the Old the enthusiasm with w h i c h and New Testaments, the use of young Africans lead their troops. the Isoko Prayer Book, and sim- Very few Europeans have any ple doctrine based on the Apos- part in the work; the responsi- tles' Creed. It also included how

conference of Moravian Missions the packed human cargo was tical action, planning finance, at Tabora last fall a plan was worked out for the beginning hurried off to Arabia for sale dioceses and adjustments of orand maintenance of outstations in three places, with a start to- and dispersal over the face of ganizations, but it should be reward a fourth. The cost of each new place will be about £20 for the desert." membered that this is the first the first year, and a smaller sum for each following year. INDIA union between episcopal and -Moravian Missions. nonepiscopal churches which has WESTERN ASIA United Evangelism ever been planned, and that in many lands people are watching In the Holy Land Madras has for the first time and discussing it, for the reper- witnessed the united efforts of Palestine has twenty – three the Indian Church in evangel- cussions of such a union will be Protestant missionary organiza- ism. During the week of Janu- felt in every Protestant church. tions, with a number of inde- ary 7-14 a program, prayerfully In view of the .diversity of trapendent forces in addition. Ro- planned for months in advance, ditions, a union may require man Catholic work is chiefly was put into effect, e. g., to bring years of cautious consideration. among Armenians, Abyssinians, Copts, Nestorians and Jacobites. a Christian greeting into every Indian Revisers of Bible The whole number of mission- home in Madras by a personal aries is 232. In Jerusalem, with Indian Christians are taking a population of 90,407, there are visit; to distribute to each home an increasing share in translasixteen missionary societies with a tract or pamphlet suitable to 105 missionaries, making one the standard of the people; and tions of the Bible into their own missionary for 861 persons. language. The chief reviser, and The r e are fifty Protestant to invite to, and to conduct, spe- most of the group which preschools with 4,281 pupils. Spir- cial meetings with lantern slides, pared a recent revision of the itual work leading to Christian lyrical preaching and lectures in conversions is extremely diffi- public halls and reading rooms. Bible in Urdu were Indians. The cult. The Moslems number 73 revisers of the version in Gujaper cent of the population, and This work was divided among rati are mostly those dealing the Jews 17 per cent. Any Mos- four local groups. Volunteer with their mother tongue; their lem becoming a Christian loses his family, social, political and workers came forward from all leader, Himmatal, is connected business standing. There are the churches. In order to meet with the Irish Presbyterian Missaid to be only twenty – five the special needs of non-Chris- sion Press. In Marathi, Rao Baknown Moslem converts in all tian students, a professor pre- Palestine. pared a special salutation and hadur Athavle has published an independent translation of the Slavery Today 7,000 copies of this were circu- New Testament which has won lated among college students in much praise. Pandita Ramabai The Nautical Magazine for the city. The press was also last December describes a mod- used. Articles appeared in The had made an earlier version in ern slaveship seen crossing the Madras Mail and The Hindu the same tongue. The Bible in Red Sea in August. "A fast and during that week. Christian or-· Nepali is chiefly due to the late beautiful dhow making the ganizations like the Y. M. C. A. Rev. Ganga Prashad Pradhan of crossing from Africa to Arabia had some accident to her hal- and S. C. A. also had their part the Church of Scotland Mission liards, which brought down the to play, and cooperated with the who spent most of his long life mainsail. A liner came along- churches. From reports of vari- upon this great work. side, and the officers had the op- ous groups a hearty welcome portunity of seeing a thing -World Evangelization. usually hidden by the darkness of night-a modern slave-ship was accorded the plan. Many Uplift for Outcasts fully loaded. There appeared to be between two and three hun- were found eager to receive the An interesting development is dred Negroes seated in rows on message. in the number of Hindu agencies benches on the dhow with their ankles fastened to the flooring. Church Union Lags which are working for the uplift of the outcastes. Two eclectic "The liner's wireless sent out . Negotiations for the union of groups-the Brahmo Samaj and the news of the slaver's location to the Red Sea guard ship; the Anglican and free churches in the Ramakrishna Mission, which dhow repaired its halyards and South India which started in try to combine what they believe 1919 are being continued, but to be good in Hinduism, Islam progress is slow. The joint com- and Christianity-are taking ac- mittee of representatives official- tive measures to provide schools ly appointed by the Anglican for the depressed classes. The Church, the United Church of Brahmo Samaj is carrying on South India and the Methodist nearly 500 schools of different Church met in Madras last Feb- grades, and the Ramakrishna ruary, to consider the modifica- Mission has some 90 centers in tions suggested in the scheme of all parts of India in which it is union by the central bodies of undertaking social and religious the three negotiating churches. work. The large and influential There is impatience in some Arya Samaj, with nearly a mil- quarters that the committee has lion members, has placed the re- not yet got down to more prac- moval of untouchability among

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

its main objectives. The Hindu were drilling a policeman arrest- Why Names Are Changed Mission began work in 1925 defi- ed him. He supposed he would nitely with the aim of stemrn.ing be treated as Sadhu Sundar Much confusion as to names of the tide of conversions to Chris- Singh had been, but was re- mission stations has naturally tianity among outcaste and abo- leased. In each place visited, he arisen when Lanchow became riginal peoples. distributes tracts and Gospels. Kaolan, Hanchung became Nan- cheng, and Hangchow became In contrast with this construc- "Preach the Lord Jesus" Hanghsien, to mention only a .tive work is the "Self-Respect few of the changes. The expla- Movement," which is largely de- The Hyderabad District of the nation is, however, simple. After structive. It condemns the social Methodist Church reports the and religious evils of Hinduism, following advance for 1933 : the establishment of the Repuband by scorn and satire endeav- Over 1,400 young men joined in lic in 1911 it was decided to ors to undermine them. The an evangelistic campaign to 690 abolish the old system of admincaste system, child marriage, the villages. Caste people w ere istration by which certain cities power of the Brahmans, and the greatly impressed by the bold called "fu" and "chow" had juoppression of the untouchables, witness of these outcaste youths. risdiction over a number of other are abuses which the movement Adults received into the Chris- cities which were designated desires to banish from Indian tian Church numbered 1,981. A life.-The Church Overseas. baptized Christian community "hsien," and to reduce them all to one level as "hsien," or coun- ties. Thus it became an anomaly Gandhi Warns Missionaries has grown to 89,882 in 55 years to designate the "fu" and the since the Mission was started in "chow" by names which recalled Mahatma Gandhi is reported 1879. Caste inquirers pleaded: their fallen grandeur. Fortuby the Free Press of Bombay as "Sirs, preach the Lord Jesus. We saying: "I believe in the equal- never get tired of Him. The nately, all these cities had also a ity of all the great religions of more we hear of Him the more "hsien" name, k now n well the world, and from my very we desire to be with Him." enough to the people in that disearly days I have learned to trict, though not universally honor other religions as I honor . -Dnyanodaya. throughout China, and in 1933, my own religion, and have no difficulty at all in inviting and CHINA after a period of transition, taking the cooperation of organ- these "hsien" names were defiizations that belong to other reli- Shanghai's Record Year nitely adopted by the Chinese gions." Post Office, and will gradually Shanghai now stands the sec- supplant "fu" and "chow" names ond diocese of the Episcopal altogether.-China's Millions.

Referring to the untouchables Church in China in numbers, The Challenge of Christianity he said: "There is a wrong way having a total of 9,378 baptized of giving help; I am painfully Christians. Total contributions Dr. T. Z. Koo, who is closely aware of that: that is, when of $52,000 again exceed all pre- identified with the Christian Stuyour friends come with the in- vious records. There are three dent Movement, not only in tention, either expressed or im- new churches. Grace Church, China but throughout the world, plied, of seeking to convert these Shanghai, rebuilt; St. Stephen's, and is known for penetrative children. That is the wrong way, Yanghong, built with materials thinking, in a recent address and I cannot possibly say that from a church burned during mentioned some contributions of in this case your help will be the Japanese attack of 1931; the Christian religion to Chinese welcome.. …. If you believe in and a small new country church life which go deeper than the your heart of hearts that Hindu- at Szekyau financed entirely by surface. To give them the true ism is not a gift of God, but a the local congregation. The dio- perspective he first fills in the gift of Satan, you cannot help cese now has five independent background of Chinese culture. us, and I cannot ask your help." parishes, receiving no American "Confucius did not deny that support. there is spirit or God but he did Christian Sadhu in Himalayas These advances are in spite of say that such a spirit is so far a ten per cent cut in salaries, but away, why waste time specu- A Christian Sadhu named whether the same activity can lating about the nature of the Sadhu Paul from Travancore, be maintained is the problem. spirit? You will never know South India, has been preaching Only half a dozen of the city very much about him. Thereand visiting Christians in a num- churches can hope to attain self- fore, the reasonable thing is to ber of places in the northeastern support in the next ten years; take your time and learn how to Himalayas, remaining a few country evangelism must be car- live rightly with your fellowdays in each town. In September ried for a generation at least, men. Thus when you make a he arrived at Nepal, where Sad- and the Chinese church cannot people live on their own level as hu Sundar Singh was tortured possibly take over the financial man to man, you take away the and imprisoned. There, as he maintenance of high g r a d e power ever to rise above that was passing through a parade schools and hospitals. level. Bring into such a situa- ground where about 400 troops -The Churchman. tion Jesus Christ, and we realize

that here is God, who is not dis- stood around outdoors for the The Church of Christ Advances tant, but who can come so closely service. to us in Christ that we perhaps Dr. Cleland B. McAfee cites can say, with some of the sages Another Shanghai church that two evidences that a distinctiveand prophets of old, that we can was injured in the Japanese ly effective Christian Church exwalk with Him. Here we have troubles was not rebuilt on the ists in China. Commissioners of God with whose spirit our spirit same site, at Santingko, but in a the General Assembly, as also can come into fellowship and more convenient place at Yang- members of synods, when they communion. haung. The people themselves secured all the money to buy convene, repeat in unison the "Again, our culture has pro- land and erect a church seating following covenant: duced some very fine things in 150, and another building with In the presence of God our Heavthe way of ethics; and, I think, enly Father we enter into a solemn the Chinese people as a whole living quarters and parish hall. covenant to exert ourselves to the ut- most to make this meeting of the Genowes to this fact its continuity. But, when you live merely by Year Book Abridged eral Assembly a sacred, solemn and the ethical code, you either be- spiritual fellowship, and to be fellowcome cynical or a hypocrite. Although it covers a two-year workers with God and bound to one That is what happened to the period instead of one, the China another by ties of mutual respect and Pharisees. When Christianity Church Year Book has been re- love. Throughout all its sessions we appears, something new comes duced to about half the custom- will strive in this spirit of cooperation in. Whereas formerly we merely ary number of pages, in the hope to increasingly strengthen the work adhered to a code, now we have that the reduced cost may make of our Church, so that the name of surrendered to a personality. it possible to greatly increase the God may be glorified and Jesus Christ sales. The first part of the vol- may be manifested as the Head of the "The third point is in the fact ume in eight chapters describes Church, and the Universal Church of all ages as His Body, sharing a comthat we as individuals in China mon breath of life and filled with the receive little consideration be- richness of His abundant life. May the general situation of the Chi- the Kingdom of God come to earth nese Church. The thirty succeed- even as it is in Heaven.

cause we are mere units in the ing sections deal with the vari- An unknown contributor to a large group, whose interests we Shanghai paper writes: "A few ous aspects of evangelism, edu- impressions will remain in the must serve. The Christian mes- cational and philanthropic work, writer's mind: First, a really sage coming into that back- and agencies related to the ground tells us we are precious church, followed by a calendar Chinese church is at work, tackin the sight of God-our Father. ling its own problems. In critical When we realize all this means of church events, laws affecting the church, publications since decisions the conscience of the something a I m 0 s t explosive 1931, a directory of church offi- Chinese commissioners was true comes into our lives. It is not cials and pastors, institutions of to the highest things. The church mere accident, that so many new higher education, hospitals, etc., is looking to the future, and faccurrents of life in the Far East together with a summary of re- ing difficulties bravely. If time today can be traced directly to cent statistics of church and is wasted in discussion, it is men and women who have come Sunday school work. to know Christ. gained in fellowship. The inspi- ration of being at a gathering "Finally, in the Christian reli- Abolish Sedan Chairs representing the church all over gion is a distinct challenge to China cannot fail to move indi- rise from the plane taught by Canton municipal authorities viduals, and make them feel that they are part of a great whole. Confucius-'Return with justice have decided to abolish the Now the Assembly is over, and those who hate you' to Christ's sedan chair on the ground that it it is for every delegate to return standard – 'meet your enemy is inhuman, and contrary to the home, strengthened by Christian modern spirit. It is apparently fellowship, to face once more his with love'; to rise from this or her own task in the light of plane of mere justice, and move realized that the carrying of new experiences." sedan chairs is degrading. The a step ahead and deal with each ricksha has been supplanted in Christ, the Complete Saviour other also in love. Tremendous large cities of Japan by the are the implications of that for A Chinese preacher, familiar cheap cruising taxicab, and obus in our modern life today." viously the Chinese do not like -Bible Society Record.

Churches Rebuilt to have foreigners call attention with the religions of Confucius to the fact that Chinese human and Buddha, is said to have rep- The Chinese Church at Kiang- beings are still used as beasts of resented the difference between wan, near Shanghai, which was burden, while the Japanese have the mission of the Lord Jesus entirely destroyed by bombs dur- been delivered from this form of Christ and that of these heathen ing the Japanese-Chinese conflict degradation. All the accompany- teachers as follows: "A sinner has been replaced by a new one, ing discussions have called at- was found lying in a deep pit, only half as large, but opened tention in general to the exploi- unable to save himself from its with great rejoicing by a con- tation of the Chinese. mire. Confucius came to the gregation that overflowed and -China Weekly Review. edge of the pit and said, 'Poor

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

fellow, I am very sorry for you. moved away, yet the poor ones speaking and conference engage- Why were you such a fool as to remaining have been ready to ments, Toyohiko Kagawa wrote: get into that pit? Let me give support a pastor if one could be you a piece of advice: if you get found. They have carried on by If only Japan will repent, and esout, don't get into it again.' A themselves with the remarkable tablish permanent friendship with Buddhist priest is next heard result that it took four whole China! There is no other way than saying to him 'Poor fellow! I am days to examine all the candi- by the Law of Love. And not only in very much pained to see you dates in a single church for bap- the relations between China and Jathere. I think if you could get up tism and enrolment. Twelve pan, if we hope for a progressive two-thirds of the way, or even a were baptized and forty enrolled uniting of all the cultures of the nahalf of the way out of this mire, as catechumens under instruc- tions and races of the whole world, I would be able to lift you out tion for full membership. In there is no other way than through the rest of the way.' But the spite of disturbed conditions the the principle of redemptive love. The man was helpless. When the enrolment this year of over forty law of redemptive love is the funda- Lord Jesus Christ came to him, surpassed our expectation and mental law of the universe. Kropot- He lifted him up by grace all previous records. Their spirit kin's instinctive love is not enough. through faith, and set his feet also was exceptionally fine as Instinctive love does not transcend upon the rock." shown by their promptness, race. It is the redemptive love that their readiness to cooperate, and Christ lived and practiced that alone -Episcopal Recorder. their eager desire to learn the transcends race. This type of redemp- Christian Way of Life. tive love must grow in us, and in co- To Christianize the Troops operation with the spirit of the uni- JAPAN-CHOSEN' verse we must labor to save the un- There is an interesting move- happy peoples of the world. Since the ment on foot in some Chinese Student Housing Problem Japanese nation was unable to sense military circles for putting this great redemptive love, I suffer the troops under regular Christian One of the problems facing sorrows of the Prophet Jeremiah. instruction. Groups of soldiers higher education institutions in Forgive us! You sons of Confucius and are now being marched to the Japan is to provide successful, Motzu forgive us in the name of your mission churches· in at least adequate and healthful housing great peace-loving sages! Some day three cities, Nanchang, Chang- for the thousands of young men the Japanese will cast away sword sha and Yochow. At Changsha who flock to colleges and univer- and gun and awaken to the love of the there are three or four places in sities each year from all parts of Cross. Just now I can think of noththe city where regularly num- the empire. This problem was ing but to beseech your pardon. And bers of men are gathered every emphasized in the study made of there are an uncounted number of Sunday for Christian preaching. Christian education in Japan by young souls in Japan who like myself One or two companies march to a joint commission in 1932, con- are asking for pardon,-this is my Trinity Church in Hankow for sisting of American and Japa- message to Chinese brothers who may an early afternoon hour of in- nese educators, working under read this book. struction. the International Missionary Council. -Kagawa Fellowship Bulletin. -Presbyterian Advance. The Rikkyo Brotherhood is The Omi Brotherhood Harvests of Manchukuo undertaking an experiment to solve this problem in a small In February, the Omi Mission Rev. W. T. Cook of Sinpin, way by providing not only com- Manchukuo, notes an improve- fortable and healthful housing as it entered its thirtieth year ment of conditions within the for out-of-town students, but past year, both materially and also comfortable surroundings came to an end, and was sucspiritually. "Last year at the for their members during their ceeded by the "Omi Brother- Bible Institute I asked the stu- college life. Before launching a hood." The change, which is in dents to indicate which ones had permanent program there is to name only, was made in the induring the year met with rob- be a six months' period of ex- terest of clarity. There is no bery in one way or another. perimentation with a rented trial change in purpose, principles or About one half held up their house. This study of the needs personnel. The Mission has hands. This year the census in- and problems of such a housing grown from the microscopic efdicated only one in eight had venture will show whether the fort of one "foreign" teacher been molested. This was partly raising of approximately Y200,- and a couple of his pupils to an due to a bumper crop, sufficient 000 to construct the permanent organization of more than two to feed everyone; and partly to student chapter house project is hundred workers; its various the stabilizing influence of a justified. industrial departments h a v e small Japanese garrison. The made positive contributions to harvest in the church is a more -The Living Church. social betterment in Japan, in surprising one. Because of con- addition to earning the financial stant war and robbery, only Kagawa Deplores Militarism support for the entire enter- 4,000 Christians remain out of prise; its efforts in tuberculosis 6,000. Those with means have As he was nearing the Philip- treatment, progressive educa- pine Islands for a month of tion, and rural evangelization have had international influence; and in spite of successful indus- trial experiments none of its members has amassed personal wealth. It has operated for more than a quarter-century as a Christian community in which

four nationalities have cooper- Bible Institute for about forty and Senior societies, with a men and women who are unable membership of about four thouated upon equal terms.

One of the reasons for the to make the hundred-mile jour- sand. For years these societies change of name is that the in- ney to Pyengyang to study. He functioned separately, each evan- digenous character of this or- has inspired the young men of gelical church having charge of ganization see m s better ex- the church to evangelistic zeal, its own organization. In 1925 pressed by the word "Brother- so that they have started a group the Northern Luzon Christian hood," which, in its extensive in a near-by village, walking the Endeavor Union was organized sense, seems to connote the prim- three miles out and back each which federated some sixteen so- itive and essential meaning of Sunday to hold services for cieties in four provinces. A few Christianity in a way that the them; and a few weeks ago years later its membership had term "Mission" does not achieve. these boys raised money and grown to thirty-two regularly In the organization the term bought a building for their organized senior societies with brotherhood is understood to in- group, which now numbers forty an equal number of junior so- clude both sexes. or fifty. Young Kil's sermons cieties. The Western Visayan -Omi Mustard Seed. s how his father's spiritual Christian Endeavor Union and power, and in addition he has a the Manila union were later or- beautiful singing voice. The peo- ganized. Finally on December Street Evangelism ple say "there never was anyone 22 to 24, 1933, the first national Mr. Dwight L. Malsbary, a like him for personal work; he's Christian Endeavor convention always at it." was held. Fifty-three registered Presbyterian missionary who delegates and many visitors has been teaching music in -Pyengyang News. Pyengyang for five years, writes made up the attendance. A secthat he and a Seminary student Nat Rice Christian ond nat ion a I convention is planned for two years hence. encountered three men on the street who were emerging from In a small village near Seoul, -C. E. World. a drunken orgy. They spent fif- Chosen, a Christian church has teen minutes trying to impress upon them that God has a rem- been closed for several years be- New Interest in Rural Affairs cause its members had become edy for sin. One of the men indifferent. The church bell had Since last April every municiasked the men to call at his been rented to strangers. The pality in the Iloilo district, P. I., house and tell him more. They Presbyterian Mission sen t a has had a rural institute. Probgave him a copy of John's Gos- Korean Bible woman to the dis- ably 10,000 people have been pel and ten days later they trict to endeavor to return the reached with instruction in praccalled. The man was not at home flock to the fold. After two tically every phase of country but his son told them his father months 30 persons met in the life. This interest in the farmer had become a believer. Asked long-closed church. The bell was and the barrio man has spread how long ago, the son replied: returned to its own belfry. At to municipal, provincial and in- "About a week or so ago some- the same time the Bible woman's sular government officials. Buone on the street asked him to salary ceased. She was invited reau representatives and district believe and he said he would, and to go to another church which health officers take part on instihe came home, told us about it had raised money for the sup- tute programs while town presiand now besides my father, my port of a Bible woman. Here is dents widely advertise the meetwife and I, my sister and broth- her answer: "My little children ings and urge barrio lieutenants er, all believe. We all went to here are just getting on their to attend. church for the first time in our feet and learning to walk. Can lives last Sunday." I say to them, 'There is rice for New Work in D. E. I. -Pyengyang News. me there and none for me here, therefore, I will go where there Consolidation is the order of the day in the Dutch East Indies. Do Ministers' Sons Go Wrong? is rice?' The Lord won't let me In 1930 the 330,000 Batak Chris- starve. I'll work on here." tians in Sumatra framed a con- The blind evangelist, Pastor -Presbyterian Banner. stitution as a Batak Church. The Kil, is known the world over. congregations of Central Java His son has graduated from the ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC took a similar step two years Seminary, and last year became later. In 1932 a general synod the pastor of the mountain vil- Philippine C. E. Union was organized in eastern Java. lage church of Kok San. He found the church split with fac- The earliest Christian En- The Salvation Army reports 300 tions and in an unhealthy condi- deavor society known in the professed conversions on the tion, but undaunted, started to Philippine Islands was organ- north coast of Java. The Chrisbuild it up. He has not only ized at San Fernando, La Union, tian and Missionary Alliance are greatly increased the attendance, on December 28, 1904. From opening three new fields in East and brought in many new mem- that date there have been ap- Dutch Borneo.

bers, but has started an evening proximately five hundred Junior -World Evangelization.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ANNOTATED LIST OF BOOKS ON ORIENTALS IN AMERICA PREPARED BY MISS MAY HUSTON Associate Secretary, Department of Missionary Education, Northern Baptist Convention Chinatown Quest. By Carol Green Land of All Nations. By Margaret For Adults Wilson. Stanford University Press, R. Seebach. Cloth, 50 cents; paper, Orientals in American Life. By Pres. California. $1.00. Albert W. Palmer; author of "The 25 cents. Human Side of Hawaii," "The New Christian Epic," etc. Cloth, $1.00; The story of Donaldina Cam- Biographical sketches about paper, 60 cents. Friendship Press, eron's life-long battle to end the people of various races living in New York. traffic in Chinese slave-girls in the United States. Two of Ori- America. "Lo Mo," as she was entals. An exceedingly interesting called, worked to rebuild the and informing book that grows lives of the girls she rescued and Next-door Neighbors. By Margaret out of the author's own experihas been richly repaid by the T. Applegarth. $1.25. Fleming H. ences with Orientals both in host of happy women she has Revell, New York. Hawaii and on the Pacific Coast. It is a keen, sympathetic study sent out into lives of usefulness. Thumbnail sketches contain- of their problems in the effort to ing .several stories of Chinese fit into the life of this country and of the possibilities of their The Ways of Ah Sin. By Charles R. and Japanese children in Amer- development in the right envi- ica. ronment. From the first chap- Shepherd. ter on "The Transformation of Chinatown" to the last on "How A vivid and thrilling story of A Daughter of the Samurai. By Etsu the Church Can Help" the book similar work for Chinese in San I. Sugimoto. $1.00. Doubleday is filled with vivid, deftly drawn Francisco. Out of print but may Doran, New York. pictures of Oriental life.

be found in many libraries. A background book showing For Young People and Seniors Lim Yik Choy. By Charles R. Shep- the life of a Japanese girl of the Out of the Far East. By Allan A. herd. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell, Samurai class reflecting the Hunter, author of "Facing the Pa- New York. many-sided life of Japan in the cific"; "Youth's Adventure"; "So- transition period. cial Perplexities." Cloth, $1.00; The story of a little boy or- paper, 60 cents. ,phaned in China and brought to A Daughter of the Narikin. By Etsu America by an old uncle who I. Sugimoto. $3.00. Doubleday Stimulating adventures in dies shortly after the arrival of Doran, New York. world friendship. Well written the pair in the United States. and admirably adapted for The n a r rat i v e carries him Another beautiful story, the groups of young people because through many experiences, and plot of which is laid in Japan of its youth approach and the sends him back to the land of his but touches American life, thus author's first-hand experience birth, to take up a career of con- making it an excellent reading with Oriental young people both secrated Christian service. book for this year's theme. in the Far East and in this coun- try. Huie Kin Reminiscences. Published The World in a Barn. By Gertrude in China; may be ordered through Chandler Warner, author of "Win- For Junior-High Grade the Presbyterian Book Store, San dows into Alaska." $1.00. Friend- Francisco. $1.25 plus postage. ship Press, New York. Gold Mountain. By Philip F. Payne, Assistant Secretary, Presbyterian An exceedingly interesting life A popular reading book for Board of National Missions; in history of a Chinese boy who primary children, containing charge of Oriental Work. Cloth, came to America when he was several stories about Oriental $1.00; paper, 60 cents. fourteen and later became a children in the United States. Presbyterian minister in New A delightful story of Chinese York City. MISSION STUDY BOOKS- who heard of the discovery of GRADED READING gold in the mountains of Cali- fornia; their efforts to become When the East Is in the West. By The new books published by miners; the opposition they Maude Madden. $1.50. Fleming the Missionary Education Move- H. Revell, New York. ment are the more welcome be- True stories revealing the cause of the limited number of Japanese heart and soul in Cali- readable volumes. These books fornia. Excellent for illustra- should be placed in school and tions to be used in programs or public libraries as well as in study classes. . homes and churches.

Any of the books noted In these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[315 ]

met; the problems of adjust- For Leaders of Junior High mate acquaintance, knows the ment and the results of Chris- School Groups several racial groups of peoples tian work among them. Also in the Pacific area. stories of Japanese, their char- A 'Course on Orientals in the United acteristic traits, and their re- States. Paper, 25 cents. Immigration. By Lawrence Guy sponse to the Christian message. Brown. $3.00. Longmans Green Based on "Gold Mountain" Co., New York. For Juniors and other books. A discussion of cultural con- Rainbow Bridge. By Florence Cran- For Leaders of Junior Groups flicts and social adj ustments ar- nell Means, author of "Ranch and ranged for a one semester Ring" and the stories in "Children Japanese Here and There. By Mar- course. Contains chapters on of the Great Spirit." Cloth, $1.50; garet E. Forsyth, Associate in Re- the Chinese, Japanese and Fili- paper, 75 cents. ligious Education, Teachers College, pinos and is an excellent refer- Columbia University, and Ursul ence volume on the whole immi- Any Junior will be thrilled by Moran, missionary in Japan. Boards, gration question. the adventures of the Miyata $1.00; paper, 75 cents. children who left their home in Filipino Immigration. By Bruno Japan to come to America. From A Friendship Press text on Lasker. $4.00. Chicago University the moment they embark until the Japanese both in Japan and Press. the story closes there is one ex- in the United States. Gives sugciting adventure after another. gestions for procedures and ac- This is the most comprehen- Delightfully illustrated. tivities on School Life; Home sive study of the subject based Life, Earning a Living. on a careful survey made by the For Primary Boys and Girls American Council of Pacific Re- Orientals in the United States Pic- lations that has yet appeared. It Oriental Friends in the United States. ture Sheet. 25 cents. throws light on many of the fac- By Katharine Smith Adams, for- tors involved in this problem merly Director of Religious Educa- A folder of pictures to be used which the American Congress tion in Christ Church, Greenwich, in making posters and notebooks will, without doubt, have to face. Connecticut. Boards, $1.00; paper, and for classroom use. 75 cents. Resident Orientals on the American Picture Map of the United States, Pacific Coast. By Eliot Grinnell This book for leaders gives 30 x 50 inches, to be colored by the Mears. $3.00. Chicago University suggestions for teaching and children. 50 cents. Press. worship as well as source material on Chinese, Japanese and Pictures of Orientals in the An exposition of the present Filipinos. United States or of home mis- situation of the Chinese and the sion work may be pasted on the Japanese resident in continental Helps for Leaders of Adult map at appropriate places. United States. Legal sources Study Groups have been consulted and are Paper Dolls. 25 cents a set. quoted quite extensively. Con- A Course for Leaders of Adult Groups tains many charts and tables, Studying the Orientals in the The three sets, Friendship thus making available an im- United States. By Margaret I. Cut-outs; China Paper Dolls; mense amount of information. Marston, Educational Secretary, Japan Paper Dolls, furnish ex- Woman's Auxiliary of the Protes- cellent Oriental dolls to use in Japanese in the United States. By tant Episcopal Church. Paper, 25 connection with any study of Yamato khihashi. $4.00. Stan- cents. these races in the United States. ford University Press, California.

This pamphlet is at once a Additional helps in the way of magazines, Ranks as the most comprehenhelpful guide to Dr. Palmer's programs, leaflets on fields, also plays may sive and authoritative resource book and to the use of other ma- be secured by writing denominational boards. book on the subject. Written by terials on the general subject of a professor of Japanese history missions among Oriental peoples Reference Books on Orientals and government in Stanford in America. University, it contains invalu- An extensive bibliography will able information about Japanese What Do You Think About Orientals be found in Dr. Palmer's "Ori- immigrants and their children. in the United States? 10 cents each; entals in American Life." Men- 60 cents per dozen. tion is made here of a few. Foreign Swdents in America. $1.75. Association Press, New York. Brain-teasing questions and Paradox in Hawaii. By David Livcheck lists of thought-provoking ingston Crawford, President of the A mine of information on forstatements of fact and opinion. University of Hawaii. $2.00. eign students and their prob- Contains material for six ses- Stratford Co., Boston. lems, prepared by the Commitsions. An invaluable aid in stim- tee on Friendly Relations among ulating general participation in An exceedingly constructive Foreign Students. group discussion. and authoritative study of eco- nomic and educational tensions Valuable Booklets and A Course on Orientals in the United in Hawaii. Leaflets States. Paper, 25 cents. Can Nations be Neighbors? By David Further Development of Race Con- For groups of young people Livingston Crawford. $1.50. Strat- tacts in Hawaii. By Romanzo and seniors. Based primarily on ford Co., Boston. Adams, 15 cents. "Out of the Far East." A somewhat new approach to the problem of international re- lations by one who, from inti-

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

The Peoples of Hawaii. By same American home, school and gov- tutes one of the most vital pres- author, 50 cents. ernment, also come in for criti- ent-day sociological problems. cism and appraisal but all is The migration of any large The Chinese Population in Hawaii. said with a sense of humor and group of human beings is a By H. L. Shapiro, 30 cents. a desire to be just and friendly. matter of concern to the social He sees America's greatest hope scientist. Invariably there is Aliens in the United States. By Jo- in her youth and the mixture of compulsion, usually economic. seph P. Chamberlain, 20 cents. races. The book is one which When the migration is not to- Americans should read with rel- ward a frontier but from one Memorandum on Chinese Students in ish and profit. Many of Dr. heavily populated region to an- U. S., 10 cents. Park's remarks give us reason other even more heavily popu- to stop and think. Here is one: lated, there is certain to be These and other valuable ma- "In old days, the Christian mis- economic and cultural conflict. terial may be secured from the sionaries used to tell us Chinese And when the emigrating group American Council Institute of that it is a heathen practice to is of a minority race the effect Pacific Relations, 129 E. 52d St., worship idols or to bow down to not only upon the newcomers New York City. wood and stone. Maybe it is. but also upon the inhabitants of But the worship of the idol is lands both left and sought is Second Generation Orientals in Amer- harmless when compared with enormous. This bibliography is ica. By William B. Smith, 25 cents. the worship of an actress." very complete, carefully indexed Missionary Education Movement. and bears witness to the im- New York. Four books recommended by portance of the subject. Dr. Geo. Hinman: Magazines S. M. ZWEMER. Japanese in California. By E. K. MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE Strong, Stanford University Press, Totaram. The Story of a Village Boy 1933. $2.00. in India Today. By Irene Mott WORLD for June and July. Bose. 8 vo. 117 pp. $1.90. Mac- The Second Generation Japanese Millan. New York. 1933. The denominational maga- Problem. By E. K. Strong, Stanzines contain valuable material. ford UniVersity Press, 1933. $2.00. This pleasing story of a village boy in India is from the pen of The Chinese 'Christian Student, Very accurate and informing a daughter of Dr. John R. Mott. Japanese Student Bulletin, Filipino in most respects but inaccurate Mrs. Bose, who was formerly a Student, Korean Student BuUetin. in the account of the Protestant Y. W. C. A. worker in India, has work being done. caught the atmosphere of village These four magazines available at life and shows a real understand- $2.50 per year from Committee on Oriental Exclusion. By R. D. Mc- ing of the language, some cus- Friendly Relations, 347 Madison Ave., Kenzie, University of Washington. toms and folk-lore familiar to New York City. Chicago University Press. the Indian boy. The result is not a missionary story but is a suc- An Oriental View of American Civil- This is a 1927 book and very cessful attempt at sympathetic ization. By No-Yong Park (Pao), fine for the period it covers. interpretation. After all, a boy Ph.D. 8vo. 128 pp. $1.50. Hale, in India is very much like other Cushman & Flint. Boston. 1934. The Japanese Problem in the United boys except for his surround- States. By H. A. Millis, 1915. ings, his early training, his be- This "friendly critic" is a liefs and his customs. The dif- Chinese, a Harvard Ph.D. who Probably the best of the older ferences make him more intermeasures American life, man- books. esting but the similarities make ners and thought with a Confu- him more understandable. cian yardstick: the Doctrine of MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS the Mean. His criticisms are Jothy. The Story of the South Indian frank and intelligent, though in A Bibliography of Negro Migration. Jungle. By Charlotte Chandler some cases unbalanced. He By Frank Alexander Ross and Wyckoff. 305 pp. $2. Longmans points out the faults of Ameri- Louise Venable Kennedy. Columbia Green. New York. 1933. cans-lack of reserve, amuse- University Press. New York. 251 ment craze, speed mania, extrav- pp. $5.00. This missionary, the daughter agance, love of advertising, of a missionary in India, shows greed for gold, "idolatry," ma- Of making surveys there intimate knowledge of South Interialism, lack of respect for seems to be no end, and yet they dian life such as is only possible parents, unworthy ambition and are the basis of conclusive think- to one born and brought up laxity in morals. He calls atten- ing in regard to many pressing among the girls of an Indian viltion to the lack of "Chinese po- problems in home and foreign lage. Miss Wyckoff has written liteness, Japanese modesty and missions. This Bibliography is an attractive story that gives an European polish." Race preju- the fifth volume on Negro Migra- understanding view of Jungle dice is another fault. Women tion produced by the Department life. She thus opens the way for are criticized for aping the men of Sociology at Columbia Univer- a delightful contact between and their vices. sity. Earlier volumes dealt with American children and their the facts. The constantly in- American virtues, as Dr. creasing presence of colored peo- Park sees them, include bound- ple in our northern cities constiless energy, good sportsmanship, progressiveness, optimism, organizing ability. Women are admired for their versality and freedom from convention. The

brothers and sisters in a far dif- The scope of the enquiry is all is! That is Africa in 1934.

ferent environment. The word reassuringly broad. The socio- When we come to the part pictures, illustrated with pen logical problem is convered in played and to be played by and ink drawings, bring us into the report by Mr. Coulter, the Christian missions in the solu- fellowship with an Indian child's economic problem by Mr. Robin- tion of all these problems we experiences at weddings, festi- son, and the problem of govern- come close to the heart of the vals, travel by bullock cart, home ment by Mr. Marquard. Mr. whole question. For this reason life, and school adventures. The Davis deals with the historical was the inquiry made. African story has a Christian as well as background at the opening of religions are weakening, are the report, and closes it with the likely soon to be largely swept an Indian flavor. final hundred pages devoted to away. Christianity should re- Modem Industry and the African. the problem of missions. By J. Merle Davis. 425 pp. Mac- place them. Is it? Will it? millan. New York. The social factors in the situ- This inquiry reveals a not too ation are in a state of flux. Socially, nothing is more im- Thousands of men and hundreds happy picture of the past. It portant in these momentous days of women are being drawn from for Central Africa than correct, tribal environments into min- seeks to point a more hopeful sympathetic understanding of ing areas where family and way for the future. Of its 75 the widely varied elements en- tribal sanctions and customs are specific recommendations we retering into its amazingly rapid produce six here in whole or in part :* change of this generation. Re- largely overlaid by increasing No.3….. The missionary who minligiously, the missions have a isters to the natives on the copper deposits of urban life. Men at belt should be equipped with training responsibility in this connection the end of their contracts or in in social welfare, recreation, social comparable to that borne by gov- a time of general depression, hygiene and community planning, and ernments politically. The Church such as the present, go back to be prepared to understand the bearis therefore tightly tied into the ing of the social needs of the people their tribal areas there to con- upon the growth of the Church both study now under review. form externally in many ways at the mines and in the rural areas, J. Merle Davis, formerly asso- and to plan his work with the prob- but write an inner seething that lems as a whole in view. No. 14. The Commission wish to ciated with the Y. M. C. A. in spells fundamental change in Japan and director of the Insti- this generation. Family life is call attention to the poverty of the tute of Pacific Relations, is now disintegrating through long pe- social life of a native community which is cut off from its rural and head of the International Mis- riods of marital separation, dis- tribal environment. It considers a major task of the Church to be to sionary Council's Department of ease is 'coming in, morals are enrich this social life, to organize it Social and Industrial Research in wholesome channels, and to strive with headquarters at Geneva. lowering, racial bitterness is to create a new network of native in- Created largely through the ef- growing. These and other dis- abilities can hardly be out- terest which will serve as a founda- tion for urban native society. forts of Dr. John R. Mott, this weighed in the specific benefits department's first major under- No. 19. Missions are urged to study taking was an inquiry, gener- conferred by association with how the essentials and standards of ously financed by the Carnegie the mining developments; great- the Christian way of living can be er inaividualism, manual skill, Corporation of New York and some slight education, larger disentangled from the inessentials and peculiar standards which have grown the Phelps Stokes Fund, into the cash income, three-pound in- around them during 1900 years of effect of the copper mines of crease in average bodily weight, European civilization, and how they Central Africa upon native so- m 0 r e bicycles, phonographs, can be readapted to the present social and economic needs of an Mrican ciety and the work of Christian sewing machines. This social people. side of the problem makes spemissions. Associated with Mr. cially insistent demands upon No. 38. Missions are urged to ad- Davis in this enquiry were Chits. dress themselves to the task of incul- W. Coulter, Professor of Soci- Christian missions. cating a Christian faith that evokes a ology at Ohio Wesleyan Univer- The very full treatment given greater depth of moral conviction and sity; Leo Marquard, history loyalty to principl~ faith that will master at Grey College School, the economic and governmental hold the native Christian when sub- Bloemfontein; Ray E. Phillips, aspects of the problem deserve jected to the new and tremendous careful study by all who would moral strains of the copper belt. His missionary and welfare worker, understand mod ern Africa. position is rendered all the more peril- ous by the absence of his own social Johannesburg; E. A. G. Robin- There depicted are samples of and moral controls and by his sudden son, fellow of Sidney Sussex Col- the great wealth currently being introduction to a pagan European so- lege and Lecturer in Economics produced by t hat contInent, ciety. No'. 43. The Commission believe it in the University of Cambridge; and of the industrial penetra- to be of the highest importance that tion which is making itself felt the missionary work of the Protestant and Miss Mabel Shaw, O.B.E., throughout its len g t hand Free Church societies on the copper Principal, Livingstone Memorial Girl's School, Mberesbi. This breadth. The delicate and dif- belt be united under the care of one group spent the second half of missionary society. In carrying out 1932 in Africa, mostly in the ficult problems faced by govern- this policy, however, certain conditions ments are also set forth, with would require to be met….. two Rhodesias and South Africa, with a short visit in the Ka- some of the successes and fail- No. 58. It is recommended that in ures registered. What a com- work for every type of community tanga Province of Congo BeIge. plex and contradictory picture it * Pages 377-389.

the central educational emphasis of with the author in some points. Charlotte R. Willard of Merzifon: missions should be directed toward Her Life and Times. Ernest Pye, preparing Bantu youth to serve the In general the volume is lacking Editor. 211 pp. $2.00. Illus. Revell, needs of the Bantu rather than Euro- in definite information as to New York. pean society. great personalities that have had a significant part in the mis- Miss Willard was a woman of These may give the tense, but sionary movement. For example, high adventure, a professor of a reading of the lot is necessary reference to the Student Volunbefore a full view can be had of teer Movement includes no infor- Carleton College who spent a this inquiry and report. It is mation as to where or by whom a thoroughly scientific document it was founded, and as much sabbatical year in a mission stawarmed, as to the future, by the space is given to the recent Lay- tion in Asia Minor and found Christian's grounded optimism men's Inquiry as to the S. V. M. her work so worthwhile that she as regards the Church and its which has proven its value for devoted her life to the cause. She mission. nearly half a century. was a missionary of the Amer- ican Board from 1898 to 1930 in The past is depicted; a future Each field is taken up sep- Merzifon, Anatolia, Asia Minor is sketched. The inquiry is and her contribution to human made, the report is out. Now arately with some information welfare was remarkable-Miss what? From mines, govern- Willard as teacher in Anatolia ments, missions-what answer? as to its land, people, language, College, principal of the Girls' School, director of the King EMORY Ross. history, government and present School for the Deaf, author, pub- conditions. There is very little lisher, manager of mission build- The Christian Mission in the Modern reference to the non-Christian ings and property, caring for World. By William David Scher- religions but considerable atten- twelve hundred orphans and for merhorn. 8 vo. 360 pp. $2.50. Ab- tion is given to the present eco- thousands of sick solders, coura- ingdon Press. New York. 1933. nomic and social problems. The geously and successfully daring progress of Protestant missions great danger and hardship to This modern history of Prot- in each field is described briefly rescue forty – eight Armenian estant Christian missions opens but with little reference to great girls that had been "deported," with a brief history of the rise missionary pioneers. There is providing industries for destiand growth of Christianity, and little mention of Carey and Jud- tute women and children, visitthe evangelization of Europe up son, and none of Hudson Taylor, ing officials and villagers and to the Reformation. Then there Eliza Agnew, Laws of Living- everywhere radiating love and follows a list of the various Prot- stonia, Henry Jessup of Syria, hope and Christian faith. She estant missionary agencies and a or Bishop Pattison. More space also had her quiet times for brief study of the progress of is devoted to some of the modern prayer and Bible study and knew Christianity in various lands- developments and their leaders well her God and her fellowmen. geographically considered. There -like J. W. Pickett, of India, are ten outline maps, an index, and Frank Lauback, of the Phil- Dr. Pye, the editor, has artisand a bibliography which is use- ippines; almost no attention is tically woven together the tribful but not very discriminating. given to the growth of woman's utes written by many hands. One work in missions. of the most significant chapters Dr. Schermerhorn has spent is "The 'Joy Nest'-Its Rules five years in India and has been Dr. Schermerhorn says in con- and Motto," a social experiment a teacher in Garrett Biblical In- made by four Turkish girls. stitute, Chicago. He was also clusion that· his survey has Light is given on such questions one of the group that visited the shown certain things: (1) That the essence of Christianity is to mission fields to study the share. [Is it not rather to wit- as: Can Christian missions sucyounger churches in foreign ness and teach?] (2) That ceed in a Mohammedan country? lands. This history of missions Christian Missions are restricted Why and how did the Turks alshows that the Author is sym- and impoverished by enemies most annihilate the Armenian pathetic with the attitude of the within and without its rank. nation in 1915? What is the mis- Laymen's "Re-thinking M i s- [But the enterprise receives its sionary doing for international sions" and seeks to present the life, direction and power from and inter-racial peace and goodsubject from a "modern" view- the Holy Spirit.] (3) That the will? How can a school which is point, but with "the conviction progress of Christianity has been forbidden to have direct relithat Christ is Saviour both of marked by periods of expansion, gious teaching winsomely premen and of nations." arrest and reform. [It is also sent Jesus Christ as the Divine The volume is interesting for marked by definite and repeated Saviour from sin? What obligaits facts rather than for its spiritual revivals.] (4) Impor- tion and opportunity does the opinions. While most of the tant lessons are learned from Christian Church now have for facts presented are familiar to past experiences. [These are bringing the good news of Jesus students of missions, it is an ad- worthy of attention.] (5) We and His redemptive love to the vantage to have"them marshalled are coming to grips with pres- ambitious, progressive, war-harin a clear and concise presenta- ent-day social and economic assed, bandit-ridden and economtion. Conservative Evangelicals problems. [This is needed but ically depressed peoples of the and historians will not agree should not be over-emphasized.] new Turkey? C. H. DERR.

Items 1M MtJI.TIPUED SMALL

(Concluded from page 257.) There Are Finaneial Besourees Dr. Cheng Ching-yi has resigned as for encouraging your ilnportant enterprise General Secretary of China's National Christian Council. Dr. Cheng was OUR DIME INLAY BOOKLETS both prophet and leader of the "Five- Year Movement," and his successive Offer the Attractive. Convenient and Inexpensive Method by which this fact has elections as Moderator of the General been attested over and over again by many Churches, Sunday-sehoola, Miuionary Assembly of the Church of Christ in Boards and other organizations. By the same method you may obtain the funds China from its inception, indicate his you need. These Neat and Sturdy Coin Booklets have capacities for outstanding ability. He now plans to place his services more widely at the Ten DiDles, Twenty DiDles, Fifty DiDles, and disposal of the United Church of Quarters, DiDles, and Nickels Christ. and a Complete List 'of Offering Helps, including Banks. Protected Slot Dr. Philip A*lle*n S*wartz, minister Offering Envelopes. Penny Strips, Folding Boxes and Collapsible Novelties of the First Congregational Church, GOODENOUGH & WOGLOM CO. LaGrange, Ill., has been elected Secretary of the Federal Council of Church and Sunday School Supplies Churches. His major responsibility Dept_ 3 296 Broadway, New York will be the financial problems of the Council. Samples and Prices on Tequest *** ciety in China for sixteen years, died 'Can I Know God. Frederick B. in Germantown, Pa., March 31. Dr. Fisher. 140 pp. $1. Harpers. Miss Alice Pettee Adams, founder Humphreys had served at Yachow, at New York. of "Hakuaikai," a social center in Ningyuenfu and at Chengtu where he Okayama, Japan, who has six times served on the faculty of Union Uni- An Afdcan Prophet. The Ivory Coast received recognition from the imperial versity Medical College. Because of ill Movement and What Came of It. government, is now to have a bust health he retired in 1925. W. J. Platt. 28. 6d. Student Chrisplaced on exhibition beside other nota- tian Movement Press. London. bles, including Premier Saito. *** Contemporary Religious Thinking. Dr. Conrad *Ho*ffm*an is visiting Mrs. Hugh Taylor of Muang Mam, Edited by Frederick G. Bowers and Siam, died near the end of February Robert W. Searle. 212 pp. $2. Egypt and the Near East. Some six from a fever while traveling to Luang Falcon Press. New York. weeks have been spent in visitation of Prabang. Mrs. Taylor went to Siam different mission centers in Palestine, as a Presbyterian missionary in 1893. God and the Cosmos. Theodore and for study of the Zionist MQvement Graebner. 352 pp. $3. Eerdmans. and the Jewish problem as it exists *** Grand Rapids. in that area. He hoped also to visit Beirut and Baghdad. Dr. Ahmed Fahmy, an Egyptian Gems of Gold. R. E. Neighbour. 378 who was a medical missionary in pp. $1.50. McMillen-Neighbour. China for over thirty years, died re- Elyria, Ohio. cently. He was the son of Moslem parents, and became a Christian at Modern Industry and the African. the age of eighteen. J. Merle Davis. 425 pp. Macmil- lan. New York.

Obituary Notes New Books The Queensgate Mystery. Grace Pett- man. 190 pp. 18. 6d. Pickering & Dr. J. Charles Humphreys, a work- Christian Missions and a New World Inglis. London. er of the Baptist Foreign Mission So- Culture. Archibald G. Parker. 321 pp. $2. Willett, Clark. Chicago. Religion in Shoes: Brother Bryan of Birmingham. Hunter B. Blakely. 186 pp. $1.50. Presbyterian Com- mittee on Publications. Richmond.

tltbt l{tng'5 jiu51nt55 Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. Sir Mohammed Iqhal. 186 pp. $2.75. Oxford University Press. London.

published by Totoram. Irene Mott Bose. 117 pp. $1.90. Macmillan. New York.

BIBLE INSTITUTE OF LOS ANGELES The Use of Material from China's Spiritual Inheritance in the Chris- A monthly Bible Family Magazine with something in it tian Education of Chinese Youth. Warren Horton Stuart. $2.50. 210 for every member of the family circle pp. Oxford University Press, Shanghai Agency. I SSUED for twenty-live years without interruption. THE KING'S BUSI- NESS has consistently represented the best thought of the funda- The U. S. and the Carribbean Area. mental Christian churches of the nation. In addition to its Dana G. Munro. $2. 322 pp. World interesting contributions by leading teachers, evangelists and pastors, Peace Foundation. Boston. it prints every month several valuable departments, including: An International Lesson Commentary, Notes on Christian Endeavor, Daily Ways That are Dark. Ralph Town- Devotional Readings, Girls' Query Corner, Junior King's Business, and send. 336 pp. $3. Putnams. New Helps for Preachers and Teachers. Trial subscriptions (3 months) 25c; York. Annual subscriptions $1.50. The following premiums are at present The Letters and Journals of Samuel Marsden, 1765-1838. Illus. Maps. Edited by John Rawson Elder. 580 pp. 42s. Kiek. London.

available free with annual subscriptions: a teacher's Bible, a copy of Jamison's Bible Chart, or a copy of Objects that Talk and Teach, con- "PROPHECY!! taining 52 new and interesting object lessons. The supply of each of these premiums is limited, so order at once.

Address: ~bt 1{ing'1i 1Su1iint1i1i Keith L. Brooks' monthly magazine is something prophetic students never do without after seeing 558 South Hope Street Los Angeles, California one copy. Send 10 cents. year $1.00 BROOKS PUBLISHERS 2003 Addison Way Los Angelel, Calif.

[320 ]

Protection for

Starting now you may experience the comfort resulting from an income that is constant for life. The American Baptist Home Mission Society has yet to hear of any annuitant who felt that a mistake had been made in taking advantage of its Annuity Plan, but many have expressed satisfaction at having provided for the work of the Society without the formality of a will, while at the same time assuring themselves of a definite and regular income for life.

Facts to Remember When Making Investments The Society has been receiving gifts on the annuity plan for nearly seventy-five years. Annuity agreements in force at the close of the fiscal year 1932-33 represented gifts amounting to $1,279,636.65.

Prompt and regular payment of annuities is assured by the investments of the Annuity Fund and in addition by general endowment funds amounting to over six million dollars, the income from which is unrestricted.

All gifts on the annuity plan are invested and held intact until the death of the annuitant, when the net principal is used for general purposes or held as endowment if requested by the donor. In either case, they help to maintain the work of the Society as the agent of Northern Baptists in carrying the gospel message to spiritually destitute places in the United States and Latin America.

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The coming of each check reminds annuitants that ulti- mately they will be sharers in the indispensable mission- ary enterprise of making the Bible widely and easily avail- • Many men and women rejoice in able across the earth• the regular appearance of an an- Send for the booklet, «A Gift nuity check from the American That Lives," which describes in a Bible Society. An income which way easy to understand how you can be counted on brings unspeak- may assure yourself of a dependable relief and satisfaction. able income and at the same time In over 80 ye.ars of i~suing a~nu- sha~e .in an ~onored and worthy ities the Amencan BIble SOCIety ChrIstIan servIce.

MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY ~ r——————————, Lt fl)RT.. I Amerl.Can B1'ble SoC.lety % II~~,..'~'''l'" 0, I Bible House, Astor Place, New York ,P" ~:~:~:::.:.:.:::::::::::.:.:.:~.:~:~:.::.:.::;=:~:~:~~::::::::::::: ~G~~l~~ 1 I Please send me, without obligation, booklet MRl, entitled"A Gift That Lives… I, AND ~I .. AS HIGH AS 1

on ORIENTALS in the UNITED

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The Missionary Review of the World — May 1934

1934

Ram Chandra at Allahabad Ethel Cody Higginbottom What I Found in Puerto Rico Charles S. Detweiler Making New Women in China Ida Paterson The Madura Mission Centenary.

Emmons E. White The Crisis and Opportunity in Spain Harry Strachan The Mountain Preacher and His Problem L. C. Kelly

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Church and Sunda:r School Suppliu Dept. 3 296 Broadway, New York Samples and Prices on Tequest THE ROUTE PREFERRED Dates to Remember and in September will go on his way to Belgium, Sierra Leone, the Sudan, SINCE 18401 May 2-B-Thirteenth National Con- and West Africa. In 1935 he plans to vention, Y. W. C. A. of America. visit South Africa, India, the Philip- Cross Cunard to England ••• Philadelphia, Pa. pines, China and Japan.

and embark at London in a great May 15-17-Community Church Work- ••• ship of this Line that tradition- ers of the U. S. A. Kansas City, Mo. ally and for nearly a century has The Rev. F. W. March has completed carried the vanguard of the May 20-26-Church Conference of So- sixty years as an honored missionary Church eastward to all the lands cial Work, Kansas City, Mo. of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. beyond Suez. P & 0 Liners, of in Syria. He reached Beirut on Notransatlantic size and comfort, May 23-29-Northern Baptist Con- vember 18, 1873. Dr. Daniel Bliss also stand for the Progress ofthe West vention, Rochester, N. Y. spent 60 years in Syria and Mrs. in scores of tropic ports and teem- Cornelius Van Dyck 76 years. ing harbours of the Indian Ocean May 24-29-General Assembly, Presand the Pacific. Natives measure byterian Church in U. S. A. Cleve- ••• land, O. time by their swift and sure The Ven. Lan Tiang Hu, Archdea- June 7-12-General Synod, Reformed con of Hankow, "the Bishop's rightarrival. Low rates and new, fast, Church in America. Grand Rapids, hand man," and the Rev. Suei Ch'iang luxurious ships make the voyage Mich. Huang of Hankow, have been celean exceptional value. brating together the fortieth anniver- June 20-27-General Assembly, Unit- ed Presbyterian Church. Oxford, O. . . . sary of their ordination.

June 20-27-Summer School of Mis- The Rev. Samuel A. Motlett, D.D., sions, Winona Lake, Indiana. is retiring from active service in June 21-27-General Council of the North Korea at the age of seventy, Congregational and C h r i s t ian after forty-four years as a mission- Churches. Oberlin, O. ary under the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. He is a true Chris- June 26-27-Union of Reformed tian pioneer who has had a large part Church in the U. S. and the Evan- in building up a spiritual church in gelical Synod of N. A. Cleveland, Ohio. Korea. ••• August 4-10-Baptist World Congress. Dr. Hubert 'c. Herring, Secretary Berlin. of the Department of Social Relations of the Congregational Education So- PENINSULAR August 21-24-Tenth National Con- ciety, has been elected Associate Edi- AND ORIENTAtAND vention, Evangelical Brotherhood, tor of the Cemgregatimudist and Evangelical Synod of N. A, Mil- BRIrISH'1 NDIASTEAM waukee, Wis. • • Herald of Gospel Uberty. NAVIGATION COM PAN IES August 21-26-General Conference, • Regular sailings from London, Seventh Day Baptist Churches. GiJ>raltar and Marseilles to India. Salem, W. Va. Miss Wu Yu Chen, a graduate of Ceylon. Burma, Straits Settle- Bridgman. Academy and Yenching meJ,lts, China, lapan, Australia, Personal Items University, has won a Fellowship in lVew Zealand, Egypt, Sudan, the N~w York School of Social Work- Persian Gulf, East and South Dr. E. J, Pace, the Christian car- ers and is coming to America for Africa, etc. toonist, evangelist and Bible teacher, further study. She is a Christian is starting on a two year tour of the pioneer who has been conducting a Complete informationfrom mission fields. He expects to conduct rural center in China, living the sim- Yout LOcal Agent or Bible conferences in Ireland, Scotland ple life and trying to help native in- and England from April to August dustries, improve home recreation and ~IJNARD~LINE defeat illiteracy.

(Concluded em pa.ge t09.) TELL OTHERS "PROPHECY!!

Of Christ's birth and death for sinner. by means of Keith L. Broob' monthly magazine i. something TRAcrS that tell the Gospelatory. prophetic trudents never do without after seeing one copy. Send 10 cents, year $1.00 Work for all. in the field at your very door. GENERAL AGENTS We .hall be glad to get ,au srarted. Wrire at once. BROOKS PUBUSHERS 25 Broadway New York Sample Pac:kale 25c. 2003 Addison. Way Loa Anaelea, Calif.

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MISSIONARY AGENTS WASTED 10 DAYS TO YOKOHAMA

REVIEW OF THE WORLD shortest Pacific crossing . . • by THE MISSIONARY REVIEW can sister-ships, Empress of Asia and DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor be sold in quantities to every Mis- Empress of Russia. Or via Hono- lulu in 3 days more on the Pacific VOL. LVII MAY, 1934 No.5 sionary Society. It furnishes infor- speed queen, Empress ofJapan, or mation in brief, interesting form for on Empress ofCanada. Publication and Business Office leaders and discussion groups. Why Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. not act as our Agent in your church Luxurious First Class, excellent or community? You can advance the Tourist Class, 10w-costThirdClass. Editorial and Executive Office cause of Foreign Missions, and at the FREQUENT SAILINGS _.. from Van- 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City same time earn a liberal commission. couver (trains to ship-side) and Entered as second-class matter at Victoria. Orient fares include pas- Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act Address-Circulation Manager, sage from Seattle. Orient ports-of- of March 3, 1879. call: Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. The Missionary Review of the World, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Reduced round-trip fares Published monthly, except August. Third and Reily Streets, Booklets, information •.. from your All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. local agent, or any Canadian Pacific Harrisburg, Pa. agent: NewYork,Boston,Chicago, MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- St. Louis, San Francisco, Montreal, LISHING CO., INC. Personal Items Toronto, Vancouver, Winnipeg, and many other cities in United BOARD OF DIRECTORS (Concluded from 2d cover.) States and Canada. ROBERT E. SPEER, President WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President The Rev. Arthur V. Casselman, Go "Empress" .•. choice of two routes W AvrER McDoUGALL, Treasurer D.D., has been elected Secretary of DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary the Board of Foreign Missions of the SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Reformed Church in the United States MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD to succeed the late Dr. Allen R. Bar- WM. B. LIPPHARD tholomew. ERIC M. NORTH MILTON T. STAUFFER '" * * A. L. W ARNSHUIS SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Dr. H. Paul Douglass, formerly one of the secretaries of the Congrega- Editorial Chat tional Home Mission Boards, and re- cently one of the members of the staff The Annual Foreign Missions Con- of the Institute of Social and Religious ference, which met at Garden City Research, has been elected Chairman in January, appointed the following of the Field Department of the Fedmembers to cooperate with the Editor eral Council of Churches. of THE REVIEW on the Editorial Council, in the presentation of foreign mis- *** sion topics: Dr. William Bancroft Hill (Reformed), Dr. John H. Lang- Dr. Nicol Macnicol of Edinburgh dale (Methodist), Rev. Wm. B. Lipp- has accepted the invitation of the hard (Baptist), Dr. Mills J. Taylor Kennedy School of Missions at Hart- (United Presbyterian) and Miss Flor- ford Seminary to hold a lectureship ence G. Tyler (Secretary, F. M. C.). on India for the year 1934-35. For over 30 years a missionary of the *** United Free Church of Scotland, sta- tioned in Poona, Dr. Macnicol under- That many readers of THE REVIEW stands the life and thought of India. continue to find in the magazine inspiration and useful information is ** * evident from the many letters received in THE REVIEW office. Here Rev. Thomas Cocker Brown, of are a few samples. They are en- Shanghai, for the last four years the couraging. Secretary of the China Council, has been appninted Foreign Secretary of "The February REVIEW is a fine is- the London Missionary Society for sue. I have enjoyed going through it China and Africa. Mr. Brown is the very much indeed. It seems to me son, grandson and great grandson of you are improving the REVIEW right L. M. S. missionaries to Africa. straight along." Rev. Brayton* C.*Ca*se, Baptist mis- FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL, Secre- tary, Missionary Education sionary in Pyinmana, Burma, was Movement, New York. decorated with the Ka.isa.r-i–Hind sil- ver medal, awarded by the Governor- '" * '" General of India for "distinguished public service in India." Mr. Case is "In view of heavy cuts and heavier superintendent of the Pyinmana Agresponsibilities, I felt I could not re- ricultural School, and has been innew my subscription to THE REVIEW, strumental in fostering rural reconbut the February and March numbers struction work throughout Burma. are 80 fine I just can't let it go-notably Dr. Watson's and Dr. Glover's * * '" articles. Dr. James H. Franklin, for twenty- "If only there might by a wider two years Foreign Secretary of the reading of your valuable magazine!" American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, is resigning June 1st to ac- (Signed) IDA M. VAN DEUSEN. cept the presidency of the Crozer The- Scotia, N. Y. ological Seminary, Chester, Pa. Dr. Franklin has made a number of trips * * '" to the Orient and has been especially influential in developing internation- Don't miss the June REVIEW which al, interracial and interdenominationwill be devoted to "Orientals in Amer- al fellowship in connection with his ica"-a remarkable series of articles. missionary secretaryship.

[209 ]

GEM CITY OF THE

Pineville, Ky., nestling in the mountains, four miles from Clear Creek Mountain Springs. Pine Mountain Is cut here by the Cumberland River. Down the river runs the Old Wilderness Train. Daniel Boone and Dr. Thomas Walker came this way via Cumberland Gap, the first white men who crossed there into Kentucky. Over this trail Craig and His Traveling Church came from Virginia to Blue Grass Kentucky.

ONE CLASS OF THE CLEAR CREEK MOUNTAIN PREACHERS' SCHOOL Lower row has three visitors and two members of the faculty. These men show their native ability, and are God's great challenge to the people of larger opportunities. (See page 232.)

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER FIVE MAY, 1934 Topies of the Times CUTS THAT CURE the powerful forces arrayed against Israel, the people of God? It is clear that we cannot depend There are cuts that cut deep and bring disable- on human resources to win in the conflict against ment or death. There are other cuts, made by a godlessness. Three hundred wholly in the hands of skilled surgeon, that may cut deep but bring new God are more effective than thirty-two thousand health and more abundant life and fruitage. This whose thoughts are selfish or whose purposes are is true of the vine and branches. It is true of the divided. Are any enlisted in the Christian army human body and the body politic. It is true of the at home or abroad who are weak in loyalty or in- Church and the missionary enterprise. All such capacitated for active service? If so let them recuts are painful and unpleasant. Some times they turn home. Are we depending on organization, on are necessary and may be beneficial if they do not numbers, physical equipment, financial strength or hinder vital functions. human strategy? We need to learn that our hope Individuals and families, churches and Mission of victory lies, not in these resources, but in the Boards have been facing the vexing problem as to light released, the trumpet testimony and the how they may cut expenses, activities, personnel, Sword of the Spirit, which is the Word of God. without interfering with life and service. It is a painful process and one that awakens deep sym- There are cuts that cure. but there are also cuts pathy. Can the operation be performed so as to that damage and destroy. Is it not time for Chris- effect a cure? Possibly some useless or seemingly tians at home to ask the Great Physician and Sur- harmful excrescences may be eliminated in our geon to use His pruning knife, His lancet, to re- budgets and activities but-there are other vital move that which makes our lives weak and ineffec- functions that are also endangered. The practiced tive and then to guide in any necessary cuts in eye and hand of a wise and courageous surgeon is missionary budgets-in personnel, equipment, sal- required to avoid irreparable damage. aries-so that no harm may come to the body of Many Mission Boards have already cut their Christ or to the work which He has committed budgets one-fifth to one-half. This means the re- His Church. Is there not danger that some of the call of workers, the reduction of needed support, cuts are due to those who rob the God's treasury the closing of stations, the withdrawal of help by withholding tithes and offerings? Noone who from young and growing churches. This is not notes the American expenditures for comforts and the first time such operations have been faced. luxuries, for motives and movies, for tobacco and Sixty years ago Dr. F. F. Ellinwood, Secretary of candy, for cosmetics and jewelry, can claim that the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, the reduced gifts to missions and other work of wrote to the Syria Mission that Board income had Christ have been due wholly to our economic dis- so diminished that it was doubtful if new mission- tress. There are the places where cuts may be aries could be sent out and the needs of the field be made to cure our spiritual weakness and diseases.

met. Such a policy would discourage volunteers, Such courageous operations would save the slashes weaken the interest of the Church and handicap that may dim the eye that looks on the field, workers at the front. But the crisis passed and deafen the ear that should hear the call, may cut the work went on and grew. off the hands that serve or the feet that carry the Is there a lesson for present day surgery to be Good Tidings, even if such cuts do not reach the found in the story of Gideon and the Midianites, heart and the centers of life. It is worth while to [211 ]

cut off excrescences and diseased members when depression and no deficits in missionary and becuts are necessary, rather than to cut into living nevolence treasuries. Today America is spending tissues that are vital to health and service. nearly as much for one battleship as the Prot- estant churches in America give to foreign mis- WHY A LACK OF MONEY? sions in a year.

There is no dearth of money. It is as plentiful It is a startling fact that more men are under as it has ever been-or more so. The only differ- arms today and vaster sums are being spent on ence is that it is not as plentiful for certain pur- the war machines of the nations than before the poses as it has been and some people have not as World War. Is it not true, as the philosopher much as they once had. The trouble is that in the Hagel says, "We learn from history that we learn last few years the circulation has not been so con- nothing from history"? Experience may be the stant for fear has driven money into hiding or best teacher but nations seem to learn little from selfishness has diverted it into wrong channels. experience. Armaments have proved utterly in- effective in maintaining peace and yet we talk There is no need of figures to prove these state- peace and increase armaments. Even the United ments–consider the money spent today on mo- States has abandoned its program for the reduction picture shows and on various athletic con- tion of armaments and the other nations-Japan, tests. The Watchman-Examiner says: "Money Italy, France, Germany, Great Britain-are takseems plentiful for what people most desire. At a ing this as an excuse for doing the same. prize fight $500,000 can be taken in as gate receipts. If it is a vulgar sex novel, the circulation Contrast this with the cost of maintaining will run up to hundreds of thousands. If it is Christian missionaries as messengers of peace, at beer, the multitudes long for it and will find money home and abroad. If we would put the money to pay for it. If it is Sunday excursions, the trains spent on harmful drinks and baneful amusements are crowded. If it is Sunday baseball, there is a into uplifting Christian evangelism and education, record attendance. When it comes to missions or the financial part of economic and social problems paying five cents a week for a religious newspaper would largely be solved. If money spent on de- structive and selfish militarism could be put into -why, that is entirely another matter. We are constructive and unselfish programs for health, and righteousness, promoting friendship and intelforced to the conclusion that all church people are ligent Christian living, then there would be no poor and that all non-church people are rich!" dearth of candidates for missionary work and no lack of financial support for the cause of Christ. That is the natural conclusion when we look Why spend for a destructive battleship, that will only at the surface facts. In reality we know that be obsolete in a few years, as much as would endow money is not, and never has been, evenly distrib- a college to carryon constructive work for a hunuted. The Rich Man and Lazarus, the Rich Young dred years or more. Permanent advancement is Ruler, the Poor Widow and Her Mite, Peter and made not by physical might and great armies but the Lame Man at the Temple Gate, and other by the Spirit of God moving in the lives of men. Gospel stories reveal the truth beneath the surface. The movement of that Spirit is shown in the re- lease of funds for the spiritual work of Christ. But money is more generally available today for laying up treasures on earth, that men can CHRISTIAN CRUSADERS AT WORK* touch but that fade away, than it is for laying up treasures in Heaven that men cannot see and that William Green, President of the American Feddo not fade away. eration of Labor, has expressed the conviction of many when he said: "A spiritual recovery is more Let the government offer ten-year bonds to pay essential now for America than an industrial re- covery." 4 % interest and see the money pour in. Fig- Secretary of Commerce Daniel C. Roper states ure up the amount spent on alcoholic drinks and the same thing from another viewpoint when he for the accompanying advertisements and equip- said: "I have come to the conclusion that there ment. But it is most impressive to consider the will be no permanent economic recovery until there amount being wasted today on militarism! The has been a religious renewal in the United States cost of the World War was figured at $224,000,000 which will provide a foundation upon which to a day. The United States is even now spending build the new industrial order." The lack of in- $2,000,000 a day on its army and navy. It is safe tegrity and character on the part of many public to say that if all nations would spend on construc- servants is the cause of failure in government and tive work and on wages to labor even one half the amount now spent on armaments, munitions and • From Harry E. Woolever. editor of "The International Religious the maintenance of armies and navies, if men Press." would learn to love and to help, rather than to fear and destroy, then there would be no necessary unemployment, no excessive taxes, no world-wide

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

in business. The Chief Surgeon who attends untarily by those who have signed the Covenant President Roosevelt at the Georgia Warm Springs and becomes a responsible Crusader on quest to Foundation stated the conviction of millions of make the world Christian. scientific and professional men when he said, "Unless we build character in America at once, Amer- There are no salaried officers in this organizaica is lost." tion, no expenses except for office, postage, print- ing, and the care of correspondence. Everything These convictions, expressed by such men, has received goes to further the work of evangelizaled to the formation of a new "League of Prayer." tion. Those interested send gifts to make possible The forty men who formed the original League the furtherance of the task Christ has set for us. on January first began by praying for each other He only is exalted and to Him tens of thousands and the general good, studying the same Scrip- each month are turning in a renewed dedication tural reference each day, and putting their Chris- of life and attention to prayer and Bible reading. tian convictions to work. They signed a covenant The Crusade is joining older Christians with new promising at least once a week to try to draw disciples to carry the principles of Christ into someone else nearer to God. every activity of life.* This personal work was most enthusing and helpful, both objectively and sUbjectively. The PRINCIPLES FOR A SUCCESSFUL MISSION ambassador for Christ and the one to whom the Fifty years ago Protestant missionaries entered invitation was given felt the new glow of life. Korea and this year the Chosen Mission of the When those in the original group won others to Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., celebrates its fiftieth anniversary (June 30 to July 2). The Christ they had to accept the new recruits as mem- work has been remarkably successful in the numbers of the circle and so many were taken into the ber of Koreans won to Christ, in the extent and character of the educational work, in the develop- League and signed the covenant. Soon there was ment of self-supporting churches, in the leaders a veritable Christian Crusade as well as a League trained and enlisted for service, and in the way of Prayer. The number estimated to have signed Christian truth has permeated Korean life. The the covenant is now approaching a hundred thou- first missionary was a physician and others soon sand who have sent in their signatures to the followed, even though government edicts against headquarters. Christianity were still posted in the main street of Seoul. Today there are two large self-support- The first city where the crusade began in a gen- ing ana self-governing churches (Methodist and eral way was Elmira, New York, where the min- Presbyterian), with 3,579 church buildings, 122,- isters had covenant cards printed and presented 857 full members and 255,287 enrolled in Sunday the Crusade in their churches. The pastor of First schools. Some of the secrets of this eminently Methodist Episcopal Church, Cortland, New York, successful mission work are found in the basic sent in a list of 235. Ten business and profes- principles that, from the first, have dominated the sional men of Tampa, Florida, signed and sent for work in Korea. The principles of the Presbya thousand more cards to use among their asso- terian mission are set forth as follows in a little ciates. Thousands of women, from national lead- pamphlet which announces the coming anniverers to kitchen maids, have also signed. Other sary. These principles and some results include churches followed with large enrollments in the following: Wilkes-Barre, Pa., and Charleston, West Virginia, and elsewhere. Bermuda's Mid-Ocean Club was 1. Acceptance of the entire Bible as the inspired Word heard from through a member and other requests of God and as the basis for Christian fa#h and service. for cards came from Daytona Beach, Florida; Los Angeles, California; and Fargo, South Da- The whole Bible was early translated into the language kota. Granges, lodges, and patriotic societies took of the common people of Korea and sold broadcast. From up the work. A letter from a member of the the beginning systematic instruction in the Bible has been House of Representatives of Kentucky bears the one of the outstanding features of the work. As a rule names of fourteen men who have taken the cov- the entire church attends Sunday school and every memenant. ber is regularly enrolled. Last year 110,954 were enrolled in Bible study conferences of from five to twelve days This Christian Crusade is spreading. A group each, held in almost every circuit and in many of the of men in Cincinnati requested the privilege of individual churches. sending the story of it to every daily paper in the world published in English. A copy of this story 2. Personal witnessing stressed as the privilege and has been sent to the Christian wife of Chiang Kai- duty of every Christian. Shek, with a request to translate it into Chinese and send it to the papers of that nation. It has Active evangelism is expected of every member of the been sent to Germany and England, New Zealand, Mission. Widespread itineration has been maintained and South Africa. All of this has been done vol- • A Christian Crusade Guide has been prepared by university pro- fessors, editors, students, and business Crusaders, with daily Scrip- ture readings in several different countries and languages. The na- tional headquarters are at 716 National Press Building, Washington, D. C.

from the beginning, together with tract distribution and INDIAN EARTHQUAKE SUFFERERS the sale of Gospels. The growing Christian forces have The Red Cross and the Mission Boards are ap· been organized and led in a great variety of evangelistic efforts. The great majority of the 103,530 communicant pealing for relief and reconstruction work for the members of the Korean Presbyterian Church today have Bihar earthquake sufferers in North India. Later been won to Christ, not so much by the missionaries as by the personal witness of church members, whose lives, as reports give the number of deaths as over seven .well as their words, have borne convincing testimony to thousand. The earthquake extended over a terri- the saving power of the redemptive work of the Son of tory as large as Scotland and the disturbance was God. so great that extensive fissures were ·opened in the 3. The necessity of regeneration through the Holy earth and communications by road, railway and telegraph were completely cut off. Tirhut, Muzaf- Spirit, manifesting itself in transformed lives. farpur, Harzipur, Patna, Gaya, Sahabad and Believing that redemption through Christ involves the implanting of a new nature, a complete break with heathenism has always been insisted upon with no com- Saran suffered most. Besides the loss of over promise. This includes strict Sabbath observance and the fellowship of believers for true worship. 7,000 lives, many government buildings, schools, railroads, embankments and private houses were Prayer has occupied a very prominent place in the life damaged or destroyed. of the Korean Church; both individual and family prayers and the meeting together at daybreak for united prayer Bihar is one of the most neglected mission fields at the Bible conferences and evangelistic campaigns. in India so that the loss to Christian enterprises 4. The training of the children of the Church to furnish was comparatively small. The National Christian Christian leaders and to prepare for Christian life and Council Review (Nagpur, India) says: service.

The primary purpose of mission schools is not to evan- In the crowded districts of Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga, gelize non-Christians but to train up Christian leaders Monghyr and Purnea, where the population runs into from among the children of the Church. The academies twelve millions, missionaries number barely a score, and for boys and for girls and the higher institutions in which the Christian community is almost negligible. Champaran the Mission is cooperating, are conducted with the same and Saran are in similar case, and Bhagalpur and Patna purpose. Many of these Chrstian graduates are today are little better. Herein lies a call for a redistribution of occupying positions of leadership in the Church. the Christian forces ….. .

5. Medical work as an evangelizing agency. Churches and institutions into which life blood has been In the Presbyterian mission, the service of healing has poured are now in ruins, and the work of reconstruction always been an integral part of each station, and the mis- is a staggering task. The situation presents three special sion hospitals have been centres not only of healing but problems-immediate relief, temporary housing, and per- have in addition made a tremendous contribution to the manent reconstruction. To restore and reconstruct dam- work of the Church. Professional standards have always aged church and mission property will need on a rough been kept high and public health work and preventive estimate some £15,000, and it is doubtful if any substan- medicine have had their place. But both doctors and tial help will be forthcoming from public funds. In all nurses have recognized that the prime object of their serv- likelihood the appeal will ultimately be to Christian gen- ice is to bring men to a saving knowledge of Jesus Christ. erosity. Out of this evil there has emerged in a wonder- 6. Self-support, self-propagation and self-government. ful way a new spirit of communal good-will. Bihar has Believing that the Christians should shoulder the re- always been a friendly province and in this dark hour of sponsibility of carrying on the Church work, the policy of her need she has given an example in cooperation between the Mission has been to use mission funds for aggressive Government and people, creed and creed, class and class, evangelism. Care has been taken to develop the work on that gives good hope for the future. Christians, with a plane upon which the newly established church is able Hindus and Moslems, have contributed generously in money to maintain itself. The erection of church buildings has and personal service and all have shared alike in the meas- been left in the hands of the Korean congregations who ures of relief.

have built as they were able. The salaries of the ordained The Missions directly affected in the earthquake pastors are met by the congregations to which they minister. The services in the smaller country groups are area are: American Churches of God Mission, As- taken care of by voluntary lay leaders. Where the indi- semblies of God Mission, Australian Methodist vidual churches are too small to provide alone the salary Mission, Australian Nepalese Mission, Baptist of a pastor or evangelist, they are grouped together into Missionary Society, Brethren in Christ Mission, circuits, which unitedly support a man to give them pas- Church Missionary Society, Church of England toral care. Locally elected deacons and officers, an in- Zenana Missionary Society, Church of Scotland creasing number of whom who are receiving training in the Bible institutes, are responsible for the leading serv- Mission, British Churches of Christ Mission, ices and carrying on the preaching in many places. Christian Missions in Many Lands, Methodist This missionary experience in Chosen is better Episcopal Church, Methodist Missionary Society, than armchair theory. The progress has been re- Presbyterian Church of England, Regions B~yond markable and the Korean Christians have shown Missionary Union-, Santal Mission of the Northern courage, intelligence, loyalty and capacity for Churches, Society for the Propagation of the Gos- leadership. Other missions might well adopt these pel, Swedish Baptist Mission, Y. M. C. A., and principles in their work and adapt them to their Zenana Bible and Medical Mission.

particular fields. They are the tested principles Pray that this physical calamity may unite laid down in the New Testament, directed and men's hearts in closer bonds of sympathy and made fruitful by the Spirit of God. may bring spiritual blessings.

Madura Mission

By the REV. EMMONS E. WHITE, M.A. Aruppu Kottai, Madras Missionary of the American Board, 1917~ AVISITOR to Madura, South India, on Jan- hausted the resources of any unaided human uary 11 to 14, would have noted some agency, even the Government. It is easy tocriti- unusual excitement. A big parade, a pic- cise the mistakes of these pioneers: it would be turesquehistorical pageant and a crowd of five harder to emulate their indomitable faith. In the thousand people, listening to inspirational ad- early years of the Mission, cholera and other ill- dresses in an outdoor "pandal," would have helped nesses took many of their little band. There were to convince him that a real celebration was taking spiritual giants in those days! No account of the place. The Madura Mission of times is complete without the the American (Congregational) mention of the names of Todd, Board had just completed one Poor, Eckhard, Capron, Chand- hundred years of interesting ler, Tracy, Taylor, Howland, history. Noyes, Rendall, Chester, and In 1834 the Prudential Com- many other pioneer men and mittee of the Board resolved to women missionaries. They laid open a mission in the Tamil broad and enduring founda- country of India. The time was tions, and the great work at ripe. The great Roman Cath- Madura today is their monu- olic missions of the sixteenth ~ ment. The hardships they suf- and seventeenth centuries at -41 fered are illustrated in the Madura had fallen into decline touching story of Mrs. Todd's through dissensions a m 0 n g death. After fourteen months their French and Portuguese at Madura she became danger- priests, and the British Govern- ously ill and, in the hope that ment had just granted permis- sea breezes might save her, she sion for American missionaries was hurried, weak and in great to enter the country. The pain, by palanquin many miles Board's Mission at Jaffna, Cey- across the burning plains. But lon, therefore, sent Mr. and she grew rapidly weaker and Mrs. William Todd, Mr. Hois- her dying words, whispered to ington, Mr. Spaulding and her husband, were: three CeyIonese heIpers t 0 open A "TOWER-GATE" OF THE MEENAKSHI Friends in America perhaps will TEMPLE AT MADURA the work. They arrived in say 1 die a sacrifice to the cause of Madura on July 31 and selected that city as the missions, but …… 1 have simply done my duty to my center of the new mission. It was the largest city Lord, and no thanks are due me. Jesus is my hope; all of the district, a reputed capital in antiquity and is peace.

the seat of ancient Tamil learning. It was also Under a banyan tree near the sea, far from the one of the seven "holy" cities of Brahmanic Hindu- world's notice, lies her simple grave. All honor ism, with a great temple in the center covering 20 to the martyrs!

acres and dedicated to the goddess "Meenakshi" The pioneers saw beyond the traditional picture (Fish-eyed-Lady). Its lofty tower-gates were vis- of the missionary in a long black coat preaching ible for many miles over the surrounding plains. under a palm tree to half-naked savages; they envisaged the spirit and power of Christ as reach- In a land of an ancient, rich cultural heritage, side by side with an unparalleled combination of ing the whole community. If Todd and Hoisingappalling disease, illiteracy, poverty and of social ton today could alight from the train in Madura, injustices and other evils sanctioned by the dom- how amazed they would be over the fulfilment of inant religion, in the year-around heat of a blaz- many of their dreams! All around the city they ing tropical sun, the first missionaries faced a would gaze upon such Christian institutions as the stupendous task. To succeed would have ex- large church buildings, the men's and women's [ 215 ]

hospitals, the high school, normal school and in· education upon the Christians of outcaste origin dustrial school for girls, the American College in the Madura Mission is strikingly illustrated in with its beautiful grounds and that largest of the following comment recently volunteered by a training centers for young men, three miles south, conservative Brahman in Madura City: "We at Pasumalai. How they would rejoice over the Brahmans know that the Christian outcaste man fine body of 2,500 students in these institutions of is socially higher than his Hindu relative." Madura city alone! The Crowning Achievement In seeking effective ways of reaching the peo· pIe, the missionaries began with primary day- The Mission has rightly regarded the Indian schools. Soon half of the school-going population Church as the crowning achievement of its labors. of Madura were in these schools. At first the only At first, when the missionaries and their helpers available teachers were non-Christians, but the preached in bazaar and near temple, they met missionaries gave able supervision. In 1852, how- much strong opposition and even threats of vioever, a deputation from the American Board lence. But as the people came to understand better recommended that the Mission should reduce the preachers' real motives, this opposition gave radically this type of work and should concentrate way to respectful attention. Nevertheless evanupon evangelism and the creation of self-support- gelism was very difficult in Madura City, with its ing Indian churches. The Mission never regained concentration of conservative high-caste Hindus. the lost supremacy in primary education but in It was in the hundreds of outside villages, where 1872 was permitted to enter upon an era of ex- ninety per cent of India live as middle-class pansion in medical and higher educational work farmers and underprivileged outcastes, that the which has lasted to the present. missionaries found the best soil for building the national church. There have been no spectacular There were several predisposing causes for this "mass movements" in the Madura field, as in other expansion. First, a rapidly growing national parts of India. It has been mainly a story of church required more and better trained Indian steady growth, with here a few individual converts leaders. Second, there was a great popular de- and there almost an entire caste-group in a village. mand for the training which mission schools could Today the Christian community of the Madura give. Because the Christian community was Mission numbers 34,000, a small number comneither numerically nor economically strong pared with other neighboring Christian bodies. enough to supply all the students needed, a large Its real significance lies rather in the quality of proportion of the student bodies in mission the work accomplished. schools has always been Hindus and Moslems. Finally, by fulfilling certain technical require- Great Social Improvement ments, the Mission was able to secure for its schools a recognized status and an annual subsidy Although predominantly outcaste in origin, here from the Madras Government. This aid now and there groups and even whole churches have averages 20 per cent of the annual income, includ- been built up of middle-class Indians. In the ing salaries of missionary teachers. Christian rural boarding schools one may often note with interest that the pupils are from a dozen The Christian influence of these institutions has different castes. This does not imply that caste been far-reaching. Their graduates go into all as such is formally recognized in the Church. parts of South India and Ceylon as church work- These pupils eat the same food and live together ers, teachers in mission or public schools, lawyers, as one big family. public officials, medical workers, mechanics and in business. Most of them carry with them a The visitor to village churches of outcaste origin working knowledge of the Bible and of essential can always pick out the Christians from their Christian teachings into a land rife with supersti- Hindu relatives, wherever funds have permitted tion and social feuds. All over South India one the placing of resident Christian teachers or finds graduates who speak with great reverence Bible-women to give them continuous spiritual and affection of such missionaries as Washburn nurture. In neatness of personal appearance and of Pasumalai, Zumbro of the College, and Dr. Van orderly intelligent attention to a public address Allen of the Men's Hospital. The results of such they are outstanding. In literacy the Christian influences can never be conveyed by statistics, community far surpasses the non-Christian neighbut they constitute permanent elements in the bors; since 46 per cent of the Christians can read Kingdom of God in the Madura field. It should and write, as compared with ten per cent for be remembered that Mr. Gandhi's effective efforts India as a whole. Female literacy is proportiontoward the social betterment of the "Untouch- ately much higher. ables" have been largely inspired and reinforced by the work of missions. The effect of Christian Second, there is evidence of a strong spiritual life, as illustrated in giving for church support.

THE MADURA MISSION CENTENARY

GROUP OF ORDAINED MINISTERS OF THE SOUTH INDIA UNITED CHURCH NEAR MADURA, INDIA The one seated and wearing a cross on a black coat has had two years' training In college. The rest have had high school training, and all are theologically trained.

Coolie church-members, earning only 16 cents a weekly contribution! It is quite usual to see a day, cannot be expected to finance expensive member of a "coolie" family offering a basket of undertakings. People who live in the West with grain, representing handfuls salvaged from the its comparative abundance have little conception daily food needed for their bare sustenance. Durof poverty as it exists in the Orient. In the early ing April or May each church conducts its own years of the Mission the Christians' offerings were campaign to win its neighbors to Christ. There pitifully small. At present the number of indi- are many real opportunities to open work in new o vidual village groups which can entirely support villages, as well as a crying need to reinforce the a resident ordained Indian minister is small but older work, but the expense and the universal "deincreases yearly. Since the majority of such pression" handicap advance. At the recent Cengroups are thus unable, the six hundred fifty vil- tenary, these poverty-ridden churches, in gratilages where the Christians reside are federated tude to the American Board for a hundred years into thirty-three "pastorates," or parishes, each of generous aid, gathered a memorial fund of of which has its ordained minister. All contribu- about Rs. 36,000 ($12,000) for the purpose of tions for support go into a central fund from aiding local village congregations to provide themwhich the salaries of all these ministers are paid, selves with suitable houses of worship where inthe stronger churches thus helping the weaker. adequate ones, or none at all, exist. In 1917 the Mission transferred all of its village work to the Madura Church Council which is Another significant result of the Mission's composed of the church representatives and a few labors is the growth of Indianization. This is ordained missionaries. Subject to the Council's partly seen in the Indian urge toward church general oversight, each pastorate manages its union. In 1908 the Christians of the Presbylocal work. terian, Congregational, Dutch Reformed and Basel Missions in South India and Ceylon united to form The Spirit of Sacrifice the South India United Church, which riow has an aggregate community of about a quarter of a mil- And how the people give! A Western visitor lion members. But the urge did not stop there. to a village church "harvest festival" would see Since 1919 negotiations have been proceeding to sights that would bring to his eyes tears of both promote union between that Church and the joy and shame. A Bible-woman, often herself a churches of the Anglican and Wesleyan commuwidow with a family to support, out of a monthly nions in South India. The consummation seems salary of $4 will give 40 cents, in addition to her to be not far off and it is hoped to preserve in the

new United Church a union of the best in the governing body. The Sangam was inaugurated as episcopal, presbyterian and congregational forms part of the Centenary celebration. of government. The result will be a "constitutional episcopacy" and the number of Indian The nationals' warm appreciation for the aid Christians affected will approximate 800,000. given by American churches during the past cen- tury was remarkably proven by the fact that when Indianization of institutions in the Madura Mis- the Church Council elected its representatives to sion proceeds apace! In 1834, when the Mission the Sangam, although Indians might well have numbered only two men, with true American effi- coveted for themselves every seat, they proceeded ciency Hoisington elected Todd president and to elect all the "district" missionaries along with treasurer of the Mission, and Todd elected Hois- Indians to these seats! Moreover, they earnestly request the Western churches not to withdraw GIRLS CARRYING WATER IN THE R'URAL BOARDING radically their help during this transitional period, SCHOOL AT ARUPPU KOTTAI, SOUTH INDIA but to "stand by" in prayers, money and mission- aries. This desire for continued cooperation in ington secretary and auditor. The Mission has the new era may well be voiced in the recent words been organizing ever since! As the institutions of a veteran Indian minister of the Church Coungrew, managing councils with Indian representa- cil, himself of outstanding ability and vision: tives were devised, all subject to final control by the Mission. Now in 1934 the Mission, as a It is my humble opinion that a missionary in the field purely foreign body, has handed over responsi- will find ample work for him all his life, and that he will bility for all its diversified work to a newly con- ever pray that another lease of life be given him for fulstituted body called the "Sangam," of which the filling his Christian hope and desire for the redemption of membership must always be predominantly In- the land. dian. The College, however, now has a separate Comparative Statistics of Madura Mission* Area of field (square miles) ….. . 1884 1933 Population ………………… . 8,200 Villages …………………… . 381 Villages with S. 1. U. C. Christians 2,500,000 Churches and pray-houses ……. . 25 3,000 Missionaries ……………….. . 438 657 National workers …………… . 279 Hospitals and dispensaries ……. . 2 53 Annual treatments ………….. . 60,247 853 Schools ……………………. . 6 Pupils ……………………. . 171 Christian community ………… . 4,709 142,236 Literate Christians ………….. . 11,559 256 Church members ……………. . Indian Church contributions (in ru- 2,908 15,115 34,545 pees) …………………… . 16,294 16,058 12,231 40,694 • Figures are based on the Mission statistical tables for the par- tioular years, excepting for area, population and number of villages, which are only approximate.

.JOHN SCUDDER, M.D. .JOHN E. CHANDLER SAMUEL FAIRBANK ALLEN HAZEN Some of the Madura Mission Fathers

Chander ,at

By ETHEL CODY HIGGINBOTTOM, Allahabad, India Missionary of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.

N ow that the time to depart had come, Ram high school education will be of no use to me if I Chander Charan was reluctant to leave stay here now." home. As he wandered aimlessly about the "Come on, Ram Chander," called his elder courtyard every inch had memories. Some of the brother, as he came from one of the low doorways.

low mud buildings were especially dear to him The younger man hastened to the corner of the because he had helped to build them. As a little courtyard, where stood the little shrine. He boy he had played hide and see'k here with his humbly bowed before it as he raised both hands, brothers and cousins, climbing all over the gently palms together, to his forehead. "Oh, Ganesh, sloping thatched and tiled roofs. Stimulated by bless me!" was his silent prayer to the god.

going to high school in the near-by town where He went to his mother and put both arms about houses were better than in his village, he had made her, as she threw hers around his neck. For a some improvements. "With its white-washed few moments they swayed together while the walls," thought Ram Chander, "and. the brick mother wept aloud.

tower rooms, it is the finest house in any village The elder' brother put a hand on each, as he around. The family like it now, although they did said again, "Ram Chander, come." The boy object to the disturbance." gently released himself, glanced around at his He wandered over to the cows and.patted each sisters-in-law and the little children with them; one lovingly. One pair of oxen were yoked, wait- made one sweeping salaam and then his eyes ing to go out to plow. His father stood near, ap- lingered for a second on his wife. Her covered pearing tired and bent as he watched his son with head was bowed and her whole body shook with affection. sobs.

Eager to get the parting over with, Ram The father and son embraced, first against one Chander looked at his mother to see if she were shoulder and then against the other, while the old ready. She disliked being over' the fire and man sobbed, "My son, oh, my son!"

seldom cooked now. What were daughters-in-law "Ai Father, ai Father," uttered Ram Chander.

for, if not to relieve their husbands' mother of Then he fled from the house, and from his desire drudgery? But today she had insisted that no to stay.

one but herself should prepare the samosas (fried The advice of his headmaster in the Govern- vegetable pie) for her beloved youngest son. "Be- ment High School in the near-by town had made loved Mother!" him decide to go to the Agricultural Institute; How girlish was his child-wife as she eagerly that and the example of a friend whose education prepared the pastry, stooping over the rolling pin had been counted as loss when he had remained and board. She carefully kept her sari down and in the village after finishing high school. So her back turned, so as not to show her face to her rapidly had this man deteriorated that, after five mother-in-law. How sad it had been when his years, he could scarcely speak English.

wife confided to him that morning before he got The eldest brother, his two sons, the son of the up, her pleasure that she was to help prepare his second brother, and other village boys were wait- lunch, rather than the other sisters-in-law. He ing in the oxcart, and shouted, "Quickly, Big recalled how she had nestled close to him and Brother, we will be late to school and you will said, with a sob, "What will I do without you? miss your train."

There will be nothing for me. But I shall hold Soon the eldest student was answering the ques- back my tears until you are gone." tions of his young admirers, and the oxen were With head bent low, she was now holding a being goaded into a trot. At the turn of the road cloth into which his mother was putting the leaf they looked back and saw the father leading his basket which held the samosas. oxen out to plow.

"I wish I hadn't planned to leave them," thought "Kismet," thought the student. "Men must Ram Chander, "and yet it will be wonderful to work and women must weep," forgetting that the take the course in the Agricultural College. My women also work. He would have been very [219 J

homesick that evening had not the seniors at the were breeding in it and reflected on the possible Agricultural College looked out for him. They consequences.

helped him to register and find his room, and He told his mother about the dispensary and showed him the farm. the doctor's care of the students' health. She Ram Chander was frightened when he came yawned and said, "But, Son, don't let him try his into my Bible class the next afternoon, for he magic on you. He isn't a Brahmin. If you get had never before been near a white woman, nor sick call a Vaid (medicine man) to cure you of had he ever been in a European home. To think the evil eye." that any woman would suppose that she could teach men! In vain Ram Chander tried to explain about a microscope and its value in diagnosing sickness. As I held the screen door open and encouraged He saw the children of the village with sore eyes, the class to enter, Ram Chander took off his shoes and wished that they could go to a dispensary for on the verandah. His long, drooping eyelashes treatment. He rebelled against the thought that lifted slowly, disclosing big brown eyes. His the village women spent their time in gathering penciled eyebrows, clear-cut features, arid smooth grass, or growing and chopping fodder for cattle brow were offset by his slender, frail figure. For which could give no milk for their underfed only a second his eyes met mine, as he followed babies. He was unhappy to see women carry big the other students into the room. He picked a baskets of fodder or cattle manure into the town path around the rugs, looked awestruck at the to sell for a pittance. Often that pittance was couch and its clean cushions, turned, stepped spent for radishes, cauliflower, or potatoes, which across a rug, and sat down on a hard chair. could have been grown in the village, had they known how to protect the produce from the por- Day by day we discussed many subjects in the cupines, rats, monkeys, and birds. He knew now Bible class-health, cleanliness, sanitation, tuber- that he could make a living at that when he had culosis, leprosy, sin, habit, truth, the value of time, finished his course. the home, the place of women and their education. At first Ram Chander looked at me with a worried When Ram Chander returned to the Institute pucker between his eyes, as though he feared lest and I expressed my hope that he had enjoyed a some evil spirit might come from me and devour good holiday, he frankly said, "No, Madam, I him. When I smiled in his direction he looked think it is better here at college." away with an alarmed expression. Meanwhile, he was learning many things in the laboratories, A few days later when we discussed Jesus' in the gardens, and on the athletic field. words, "A prophet is not without honor save in his own country," Ram Chander said, "Yes, that is the truth."

Back to His Village In time he joined the social service group that went out into the villages to help. Once he told When October came and with it vacation Ram us of what they were attaining-in two villages Chander, who had eagerly counted the days, left night schools had been set up; in a college classfor home. room another group of boys were taught each eve- There was the same village home, although the ning. On Saturday and Sunday afternoons groups whitewashed walls were now stained. It seemed of students went into villages with hoes; they so bare-no flowers, no vines, or shrubs. The opened drains, piled village refuse into baskets, high corner room and tower seemed small and paid boys to carry it to fields, where they buried meager. A discarded plow and some earthen jars it for manure and thus departed from the cus- occupied the lower room. The cattle seemed little toms of high caste men; they picked up a sick boy and useless compared with the big cows and oxen on his bed and carried him to the doctor; on sev- on the mission farm. He tried to tell his father eral occasions they paid for milk for sick patients, about them and about the agricultural methods whose family daily came to the dairy for it; they used-about the deep plowing, the manuring, the begged the farm manager to give work to men silos and the farm machinery. His father's atti- whose families were in especial need; they spent tude was, "That is interesting! But these things hours investigating the case of a boy, and found are only used to show off; no real farmer could that he belonged to a group of professional beg- use them. What is the use of our trying; we gars.

would only waste our time and money." As we discussed these subjects, one student an- For the first time the young man noticed the nounced: "But their greatest need for help is in- drain in the corner of the courtyard, into which side the homes and none of us men can enter flowed the dirty water from the cattle, bath and them."

dishpan. ·He remembered that it had always stood "Much could be done if the mothers would let there, but now he saw that flies and mosquitoes the girls go to school," said another student, add-

RAM CHANDER AT ALLAHABAD

ing, "but most of the older women laugh at the An enthusiastic shout, "Oh, that is good," came suggestion." from the whole class.

A member of the small, progressive Parsee com- At first we did not open our Bible class with munity, whose women were educated, said, "My prayer, as the students would not have under- sister is inspectress of girls' schools in Allahabad stood. But after Christmas one day as we gath- district." ered, Ram Chander with a shy smile asked, "Why "Aree!" exclaimed most of the class cheeringly, do we not pray in Bible class?" I told him that as they leaned forward not to miss hearing about we would if the class desired it.

this. Half the class responded, "Yes, please."

"But it is of no use," the Parsee continued. I asked for what they wished to pray.

"Teachers are found, schools are opened, a few One student said, "Pray for the freedom of girls attend, but when my sister. goes to inspect India"-meaning political freedom.

they are never in session. The teacher is enjoy- Another said, "May we pray for Mahatma ing herself, and the children are running about the Gandhi, J awarhirial Nehru, and our other village." leaders ?"

I told them that when I came to Allahabad Another said, "Let us pray for Hindu-Moslem twenty-six years ago, there had been less than peace and unity."

one hundred girls in two Mission schools. Now Ram Chander said, "Let us pray that India may there are over four thousand girls in several be freed from its ignorance, bad health, poverty, schools. The class cheered. and unsanitary practices in its villages~'and Another student ventured: "However, at pres- homes."

ent the case for village girls is hopeless. The Each day after that, if I started to open my houses are unsanitary; the women wear dirty Bible before prayer, some student-often it was clothes, but deck themselves with expensive Ram Chander-would ask, "What about prayer?"

jewelry; there is sickness, unbalanced feeding, The Telegram quarreling, and indecent talk. Since the girls are kept from school, how can even the next genera- One day someone coughed out on the front vertion be improved ?" andah, and I went to find Ram.Chander holding a telegram. He spoke excitedly, "Oh, madam, my "Madam," exclaimed Ram Chander, "we are wife is about to give birth to a child, and I must powerless to change things in our own homes, go home. The telegram just says, 'Come home.' how can we change others? Our mothers never If I show it to the Principal he will ask the reason want anything new. We men who are going back and Madam, how can I explain to him? Please to the villages to work should have wives who speak to him for me." understand and can help us, as American wives help their husbands." A fortnight later Ram Chander returned to school. After Bible class as the students left the Another student asked, "But how can we get verandah, where we often met, he told me about wives who are educated in such a way as to know his family. how to help change village women?" "Oh, Madam, my little son died of lockjaw," he At this the students all laughed. The one Chris- sadly announced. "My wife is still very ill, and tian student in the class then came into the con- heartbroken, but my mother makes her get up and versation. "I can get an educated girl," he said, do housework. She says that will make her for- "one who has graduated from a mission high get." school, but even she will know nothing of village life and how to help the women." "Oh, Ram Chander, I am sorry. Do you know that lockjaw is caused by a dirty midwife?" I outlined my hopes and dreams for a course for women at our Agricultural College – simple dairying, vegetable and flower gardening, home- "No, Madam, but what can we do? The mid- making, first aid, hygiene and village industries. wife must always be a low caste woman."

Eagerly the students listened, and then asked, "Where is the nearest hospital, or woman doc- "But when, when?" tor?"

"When God gives us the dormitory and the "Forty miles away, and my mother would not women teachers. Will.you pray for this?" even let me suggest that my wife be taken there."

"Yes, we will pray," came from many voices. Ram Chander's voice was sad, and his eyes were "But it is too late to help us," ventured Ram moist.

Chander. At the student parties different groups took We might get some cottages, so that old students turns in the serving. On one occasion high caste may return with their wives, and both take short men carried food to low caste and to Moslems, becourses." fore they had sat down to enjoy their own tea.

As I passed near Ram Chander I asked, "But are ragged line of roofs, the minarets of mosques, the you eating cake which contains eggs?" steeples of temples, and the mangoe trees across the river stood out against the rosy background. He laughingly said, "Yes, Madam, why not? I Its colors were reflected upon the water. I came wish my mother could see me here this afternoon. upon Ram Chander standing in my garden. She could not even appreciate your home. Beginning with spoons, cups and saucers, it would He turned to me with a sad smile, "It is only all be so strange to her that she would be over- now when I am nearly ready to leave that I realwhelmed. But my wife would understand and ize how much all of this means to me." His hand would like to learn." Then shyly and more softly swept wide and seemed to take in the J amna he said, "But there is one thing of which I would River, and the sunset beyond. like to speak to you. I taught my wife to read last summer. She is clever. She learned quickly," "What," I questioned, "the farm, the river?" smiling with pride. "But I want to send her some- "No, Madam, no," he almost wailed, "there is a thing to read. Will you help me? My mother river near my home; there are farms there. No, doesn't give her much time to read, and she needs it is your home, the view of this garden from the more teaching; but she tries hard when she can." verandah, where we have sat for Bible; and now it is all gone forever from me." The school year ended in April. I looked to see "But Ram Chander, could you not have a garden how the class had answered the examination in at home?" Bible. "Yes, Madam, I will try. I have bought seeds from your gardener. But my mother will not What Christ Means to India help." "But need she help? You know how to prepare To the question: "What difference has the birth soil and manure it." of Christ meant to India," Ram Chander had "Yes, but she will not let me have the manure. written: That must be made into fuel cakes and be used for smoothing the walls and floors, according to Jesus Christ has done much for India. He was born Hindu purification laws. Then suppose I buy in the East, but the West appreciated him first. Modern manure from neighbors, prepare my soil, put in inventions such as steamships, engines and even aeroplanes my seeds, will she let the sacred cows be kept out? have come into being where He was best known. Also the I try to make my wife appreciate the beauty of a treatment of leprosy and other dangerous diseases have garden, but my mother laughs and says, "How been found out by His disciples. Missions have brought can she understood about what you are talking to schools, colleges, and hospitals to India and taught us to her? She is only a girl. Don't waste your time appreciate them. At first He had only a few followers, on her." but now nearly half the world follows Him. Through His "Yes, Ram Chander, I understand, but we must teaching we have learned to pray for the happiness and work on and pray. Jesus Christ said, 'I came to comfort of others. He has also taught me not to run put the daughter-in-law against the mother-inaway from the struggles and necessities of this world but law,' and I am working and hoping for that day to face life bravely and to make myself even happy in the when the young women trained in our Agriculfight. Christ also helps us to see that there should be no tural College, will live in model homes in the vilproblem of untouchability, but that we should all be lage." brother to brother. To those who have less than we have, "Yes, that is right," exclaimed Ram Chander, we should take help and not be proud and boastful above "I believe they will lead this generation to rebel them. All of these influences are silently working in India against the old order." because Christ was born. I thank God that He sent His Son.

The April hot winds had blasted the gardens. The few remaining flowers were dusty and faded. The sun was sinking into the palm trees and the Danger in Retrenchment "Christian missionaries have been the ·greatest modernizing, civilizing, and morally con- structive force that has gone from the West into Asia and Africa. Unfortunately a retreat, due to retrenchment, is now being carried on all along the line. Various projects are being given up, and the situation has become critical. The younger churches are not yet in a po- sition to assume responsibility. _ "Unless the churches in the homeland become thoroughly alive to the need of maintain- ing this world-wide enterprise of Christian missions, no matter how great the sacrifice, and unless they put forth their best efforts to accomplish this end, we are in grave danger of surrendering values that can never be replaced. The whole philosophy of Christian missions is to go forward; it does not function well in retreat." DR. WILBUR S. DEMING, Ahmednagar. ,

Religion Means to Me*

By MADAM CHIANG KAI-SHEK, Nanking, China Mayling Soong Chiang, a Graduate of Wellesley College and the Wife of the Commander-in-Chief of the Kuomintang Military Forces I USED to think Faith, Belief, Immortality were that there must be many who, like Kagawa, suffer more or less imaginary. I believed in the because of what their country is doing to China. world seen, not in the world unseen …. A reli- During these years of my married life, I have gion good enough for my fathers did not neces- gone through three phases as related to my reli- sarily appeal to me. I do riot yet believe in gion. First, there was a tremendous enthusiasm predigested religion in palatable, sugar-coated and patriotism – a passionate desire to do some- doses. thing for my country. Here was my opportunity.

My mother lived very close to God. I recognized With my husband, I would work ceaselessly to something great in her, and my childhood training make China strong. I had the best of intentions.

influenced me greatly even though I was more or But something was lacking. There was no stay- less rebellious at the time. ing power. I was depending on self.

My mother was not a sentimental parent. In Then came the second phase. These things many ways she was Spartan. But one of my that I have referred to happened, al?-d I was strongest childhood impressions is of mother go- plunged into dark despair. A terrible depression ing to a room she kept for the purpose on the settled on me-spiritual despair, bleakness, deso- third flood to pray. She spent hours in prayer, lation. . . . .. And then I realized that spiritually often beginning before dawn. When we asked I was failing my husband. My mother's influence her advice about anything, she would say, "I must on the General had been tremendous. His own ask God first." And we could not hurry her. Ask- mother was a devout Buddhist. It was my moth- ing God was not a matter of spending five minutes er's influence and personal example that led him to ask Him to bless her child and grant the rl- to become a Christian. . . . .. I suddenly realized quest. It meant waiting upon God until she felt that he was losing spiritually because there were His leading. And I must say that whenever so many things he did not understand …. " It mother prayed and trusted God for her decision, seemed to be up to me to help the General spir- the undertaking invariably turned out well ….. . itually, and in helping him I grew spiritually I know that many long hours were spent interced- myself.

ing for us. Thus I entered into the third period, where I Shortly before she left us mother was ill and wanted to do, not my will, but God's. Life is really confined to her bed. Japan had begun to show simple, and yet how confused we make it ….. .

her hand in Manchuria. One day I was talking But to know His will, and do it, calls for absolute with her 'about the imminent Japanese menace sincerity, absolute honesty with oneself, and it and I suddenly cried out in irresistible intensity means using one's mind to the best of one's of feeling: ability….. .

"Mother, you're so powerful in prayer. Why One must have moral conviction, wisdom, and don't you pray that God will annihilate J apan- the energy to accomplish. I used to pray that God by an earthquake or something?" would do this or that. Now I pray only that God She turned her face away for a time. Then will make His will known to me. God speaks to looking gravely at me she said: "When you pray, me in prayer ….. .

or expect me to pray, don't insult God's intelligence Whether we get guidance or not, it's there.

by asking Him to do something which would be It's like tuning in on the radio. There's music in unworthy even of you, a mortal !" the air, whether we tune in or not. By learning That made a deep impression on me. And to- to tune in, one can understand. How is it done?

day I can pray for the Japanese people, knowing As Brother Lawrence told us long ago, "By prac- * Madam Chiang Kai-shek is the sister of Madam Sun Yat Sen. ticing the presence of God." By daily communion One brother, T. V. Soong, was Finance Minister of the Republic of China, and another sister is the wife or H. H. Kung, a descendant qwGu0iatdIh''SnHtapinrmcee.seWnOcIne'thewcHhaIen'mnnootneex pec t to be conscious of of Confucius, and a prominent Christian Chinese diplomat, states- has only a bowing ac- man .an.d business man. This article (condensed) is reprinted by . .•… permISSIOn of The Forum and Century. Copyright, 1934.

[ 223 ]

Without

I I -ef By JOHN C. GRANBERY, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Ja- " W E NEED money. If people would give asked me to tell them something about a central more liberally, what wonderful things we mission in a crowded part of the city. "What we could do in foreign missions!" want to know," they said" "is how we may be of All my life I have been hearing missionary ad- service. We may not be capable of much, but dresses and sermons; I have been reading mis- there are about thirty of us who are eager to sionary editorials, articles and books. To my render any kind of service." mind the money appeal has been exaggerated. One of the largest and most influential evan- While many leaders acknowledge that prayer is gelical churches in the city of Rio was founded the most important factor, they argue that if we wholly as the result of volunteer effort. In 1855, have prayer, money will come. Dr. Robert Reid Kelley, a Scottish physician who It is interesting to note how much truly Chris- had suffered persecution on the Island of Madeira, tian work is carried on effectively entirely apart came to Rio and started evangelical work at his from the support of any foreign missionary board. own expense. He and his wife mastered Portu- I know a business man who uses his home for a guese, and translated and composed a large part mission to the humblest classes and holds regular of the hymns still in use by Brazilian Evangelical services each Sunday, including Sunday school. Christians. At a Sunday evening service, which I attended, the One teacher of agriculture in Brazil not only room was full. Something is going on there prac- maintains the highest Christian ideal of American tically every night in the week. There is a recrea- manhood, but puts forth definite efforts to share tion room for the young people; a museum and a his convictions and experience with Brazilian library. One evening is given to prayer. This youth. At the college assembly he has helpfully man and his family furnish the place, the work- discussed, for example, questions of temperance ing personnel, and almost everything else needed, ®d morality. These men have never been paid without one cent of outside help. He says, like by any mission board, but this by no means less- Paul: "My business is tent-making, but that is ens their Christian influence. Their work 'has only to pay expenses." This work has been go- the advantage of being the natural and spontaing on for years, and while the people pay some- neous expression of personalities rich in Christian thing it is not much as they are poor and ignorant. experience, in learning and in social idealism.

Last evening I entered the oldest Protestant The man who has done as much for Brazil as church in South America, an Anglican church in any other North American I know receives sup- the very heart of Rio de Janeiro, where services port from a Christian agency, but for a greater are conducted for the English community. A part of his work he has never received a cent. group of young fellows organized into what they Cooperating with churches, fostering schools, en- call the Toc-H were about to hold a business meet- couraging every good cause, a friend of the Saling, preceded by a devotional service. There was vation Army, helping in work for lepers, looking no singing. The Archdeacon read from one of the after seamen, establishing social work for the Psalms, and commented impressively: "The masses, opening his home to passing strangers Psalmist was like us in that sometimes he felt and residents alike, equally appreciated by Amer- himself slipping, but his trust was in God. We icans, Brazilians, and British, this real American wonder why there is so much selfishness in the ambassador to Brazil, as some one has called him, world, so much that is wrong and ugly. The rea- is doing a Christ-like work and exercising an in- son is that it is so much easier to roll down hill fluence that cannot be measured in terms of than to climb up. The Cross gives us the as- money. surance that unselfishness, living for others, good- While a great part of missionary achievement ness, is worth while." Then he offered prayer for is made possible by gifts from the home churches, fifteen or twenty minutes. There was nothing it is well to recognize that much is being done hurried. We were in the center of the busy city independently of that source. The spread of and a number of business men were present. At Christian truth and life does not depend upon the close of the devotional service the young men money.

[ 224 ]

New Women in China*

By IDA PATERSON, M.A., Cornell University Missionary to China, Southern Baptist Convention I N 1921 six girls dared hostile criticism and mas time a girl from Hongkong became a mem- braved tradition in order to secure a college ber of the group on the third floor. She had come education in a men's mission school. I see from British schools; adjustment and tradition them now, six pathetic little figures creeping in this new section of China meant little to her. about, striving vainly to efface themselves as com- She brought with her a mandolin, one English pletely as possible, yet bearing in those small song, "Margie," and bobbed hair. At first we were bodies hearts strong· and courageous. doubtful of accepting her-think of bobbed hair in eastern China in 1921 I-but the charm of her We were temporarily housed in very poor, in- own small self soon swept away all criticism. convenient quarters, on the third floor of the ad- ministration building. There was no heat to dispel First she demanded a fire; how she shivered in the shivering blasts that whistled around the our damp, cold wind! We had been considering corner of the building, no cheerful colors, no com- a fire and her request came at just the right time. fortable furniture. Two foreign women, Dolly A fire was installed in the huge square hall which as Dean, and I as comrade-in-arms, lived with the we converted into a pleasant living roolTI: There girls. she sat for hours, strumming on the mandolin, and singing softly. But she sat alone. None of the The memory of their quiet courage, their sin- girls would join her, finding themselves suffocated cere earnestness, their uncomplaining acceptance in their fur-lined clothes. I can see her trying to of discomforts, remains with me after all these coax them out of their cold bedroom saying, years. From them I gained a higher conception "Come and learn to use a fire." Finally she taught of Christianity. In America our Christianity is them to wear a summer garment under th~ winter too often limited to going to church, and perhaps, clothes and to throw off the heavy fur-lined ones if one is touched with incipient sainthood, to be- before approaching the fire. Next she taught longing to the missionary society. In daily life, them to sing "Margie" until they sang it over and however, we meet dozens of people, spend hours over every evening while waiting for the servant with them and leave them without the remotest to bring up the supper. In sheer self-defense I idea of whether they are Christians or not. Noth- offered to teach them something else and soon they ing in the conversation, or in the way of deeds, has learned other songs. Changes took place. Freled us to believe that they have in them a divine quently wild peals of laughter rang from the power and a hope that has transformed their lives. third floor; there would be the sound of running feet and squeals from the captured, while the For the first time in China I saw people whose girls of the lily-feet looked on in enjoyment. Christian experience was a part of their very being; . people who weighed their actions by the Warmth, happiness, and the high spirits of youth Christ standard; people whose quiet daily con- are the memories that remain. versation partook of the hope within them. I saw for the first time people in the common walks There are other memories too. Far be it from of life who considered their religion a vital part me, a teacher of boys, to concede that boys are of life, without which life could not go on. easier to discipline than girls. Yet facts are facts. There was Laura-we gave them foreign names- At first the quietness and dignity of these girls from far inland; fiery, impetuous, hot-tempered, irked me, fresh from the high spirits and jollity whose anger blazed up and scorched all before it. of American college life. They rarely laughed And yet I've never known anyone to fight more aloud, rarely indulged in gymnastic sig.ns of over- fiercely than she to overcome this her greatest flowing spirits. Vainly I strove to rally the youth enemy. She brought joy to our souls and conin them. There was the daily barrage of men's sternation to the hearts of the six hundred men eyes to encounter; the daily tightening of deter- by repeatedly walking off with the first and highmination, the daily lifting of the head and assump- est scholarship. When the place caught on fire tion of courage. I did not understand. Then came one night it was her cool-headed command of the help from an unexpected source. About Christ- • An address given at the Florida Chain of MisSionary Assemblies. situation that saved everything. She learned [225 ]

many things rapidly and well, and married one of phasis on this point. Whenever by our human the professors. doctrines, creeds or ritual, by our rivalry, domina- tion or bigotry we create division, we thereby As their disciplinarian I was almost hopeless- violate the Spirit of Christ. We tried to make and who wouldn't be? There had been a very these girls feel that nothing they did could put serious breach of the rules committed over and them beyond the pale of our love and pardon, even over again by Betty, a spoiled child, the darling as there is nothing we do that puts us beyond the of her aged parents. Something must be done, pale of the love and pardon of our heavenly and girding up my loins, I prepared to do it. The Father. transgressor was called for a stern interview. She came at once, dainty, sweet, with downcast During the years we watched these Chinese blushing face, and clad in gorgeous silk clothes. girls grow and develop. We saw Hope, our most The abundant black hair was smothed neatly back conservative girl, become a woman of strength and confined with a gold pin while a bit of mei- and broad vision;· we saw Mary, quiet and meek, hwa-China's most fragrant flower-shed its pre- develop into a clear-thinking leader; we saw shy cious sweetness over the room. There she stood- Lily marry well and grace her husband's home shy and beautiful, revealing centuries of China's with Christian dignity and charm; our little finest culture in every line of her aristocratic face. bobbed-haired girl was reserved for wide experi- My heart began to soften, so quickly I launched ence and went abroad; our spoiled pet became a into a severe reproof. Some form of punishment dean of women. Quietly these first six took upon must be meted out; such repeated disobedience re- themselves various offices of leadership in the colquered rigorous measures. Suddenly she looked lege; quietly and surely they gained an undisup and spoke directly: "0 honorable teacher, in puted position of respect among the men. There meting out the punishment, don't forget that after were nearly one hundred others when these girls all I'm -only a poor heathen Chinese." Alas, for graduated, but these held an enviable place in our discipline! esteem as successful pioneers. Each one went out to take her place as "one that serveth." Dolly and I ate, slept, lived and moved and had our being in one room. It seemed to me that One might safely say that the attitude of Chi- Amah put the coffee on at daybreak and boiled it nese college girls is never anti-Christian. To a until time to get us up. Finally through the door group of agitators, boys from her own college, one came the first, none-too-faint sounds of "Margie" girl replied to their request that she join an anti- -and the day began. It was a difficult task to Christian movement: "For twenty-five hundred convince these girls that it was necessary for all years we Chinese have had Confucius and his to eat breakfast at seven o'clock, even when they ethics, but during these twenty-five centuries Condidn't have a class until ten. Each one preferred fucius never inspired the building of a school for to eat when the spirit moved her; each one pre- girls, never inspired any movement for the benefit ferred to do most things according to her own of women. Jesus Christ came to China and gave caprice. And so one of the first lessons was co- us Chinese women a chance, and to Him I will operation, and consideration for each other. remain grateful and loyal." Her words largely express the spirit of China's women. How the Six Grew Hundreds of Chinese women have gon~ out from As the years passed and the number of girls colleges to be a blessing and an inspiration to grew to be three hundred, living in two beautiful other Chinese women. They come to us young, dormitories, the first lesson was always the same. shy, irresponsible; they leave with a new concep- We tried to build up an atmosphere of love and tion of a great, transforming love of Christ, a understanding. Missionary work calls for the love that takes burdens from the back, that takes giving of one's self in love and the fountain of bitterness out of the heart; a love that leads them. that love is Jesus Christ, so that we laid our em- straight to the father-heart of God.

How Build a Christlike World?

We must either stop talking about Christ's ideals of life,–Or we must talk about them in both word and deed in the clutch of hard facts ….. as He did, and as they did in whose train we want to follow. There is no other way to build a Christlike world, except to be Christlike.

We must meet this secular world-its prosperity, its smugness, its hard-boiled philosophy, its utilitarian aims-with a steeled conviction that we are going all the way through with Christ, and with a burning passion to be like Him in life and spirit-to be His men both to live and die. DR. RUFUS JONES.

I Found in Puerto

By CHARLES S. DETWEILER, New York Department of Evangelism, Missions in Latin America, American Baptist Home Mission Society Two years and two months had passed since tral square. Surely in a country where more than my preyious visit to Puerto Rico. The first half the people have applied for aid under the thing which I observed was an increase in C. W. A., thrift. and merit needs to be encouraged the sugar acreage, and this in spite of the fact rather than non-productive devices and the prin- that the American Government had been trying ciple of chance which is the essence of gambling.

to persuade farmers on the mainland to cut down Many people are being given employment by their production. An increase in land devoted to the C. W. A., and on every hand one saw the evi- sugar means a decrease in the dences of improvement in parks land available for beef cattle or and roads due to this new for other food products. As it enterprise of the Federal Gov- is, the larger part of the food ernment. Sugar companies consumed in Puerto Rico must complained that in some places there was difficulty ill securing be imported in order to allow great corporations to produce laborers for their harvest be- more sugar and with it pay cause employment under the more dividends to absentee C. W. A. was just as remunera- stockholders. tive and less strenuous than ,Since nothing has been done work in the cane fields. To to solve the chronic problem of meet this situation the C. W. A.

over-population and under- decid.ed to reduce the "Jay for nourishment, no one will think unskilled labor to sixey cents it strange that there is a vast per day, limited to four days a deal of social unrest. Not long week; strange to say, this step before my arrival there had was met by a threat to strike been a successful students' on the part of the laborers.

strike at the University, fol- Notice had to be given that lowed by a cane-cutters' strike there could be no strike against in the midst of the sugar har- C. W. A. since it was a meas- vest. Then came a consumers' ure of poor relief.

.strike against the high price of In view of the general eco- gasoline, accompanied by vio- CLASS OF 1933, EVANGELICAL SEMINARY nomic situation, the churches lence against the cars of those have made an enviable record who would not join the strike. Finally in many of maintaining a fair measure of self-support. One of the cities there was a consumers' strike agaim;t secret of it is found in their large congregations.

the electric light and power companies. The new "Many a mickle makes a muckle." In such towns Governor, General Winship, is highly regarded as Ponce, Cayey, Caguas, Rio Piedras, Santurce for his firm and impartial administration, but his and San Juan, the Sunday schools are limited only position is not one to be coveted in these days. by the size of their buildings. If we could help There is unfortunately an increase in permitted them to secure more class rooms, the attendance gambling. As far back as 1917 race-track gam- of four hundred and five hundred might· gradually bling was legalized; and Governor Gore, who be increased to double that number. 'Some rural lasted less than a year, persuaded the legislature churches and one town church, which lost their to legalize cock-fighting; and now each to~n has chapels in the last cyclone (September, 1932) are a building dedicated to this ignoble sport. Also I still without meeting-houses. On a Sunday after- discovered that in many of the towns gambling by noon I came upon one Baptist church which was roulette wheels and by other devices is openly con- meeting in a milking shed. The place had been ducted in specially constructed booths on the cen- cleaned and chairs and benches brought, and on [227 ]

BAPTIST SUNDAY SCHOOL, YAUCO, PUERTO RICO this particular day one hundred and eighty-two where there has been greater progress in public children and adults were in attendance. Because education, and where the level of public intelthere was only a roof and a cement floor, it could ligence is higher. I know not how we should have not be used in rainy weather. During the past raised the educational standards of the ministry year the Rio Piedras church completed its repay- to meet these new conditions, if twelve years ago ment of a loan for the building of a parsonage, and we had not founded the Evangelical Seminary as became self-supporting. a joint enterprise of six denominations. The num- ber of students is small because of the reduction In Ponce the consumers' strike against the rates in our budgets, and because we can make room charged for electric current had been in progress for scarcely any new pastors. Nevertheless there four weeks. There was no violence nor intimida- are few cooperating institutions whose work is tion. The town seemed to be united in this move- so satisfactory to all participating bodies. ment, and the Baptist pastor was among the speakers who addressed meetings in the public PROGRESS IN PUERTO RICO square to keep up the public morale in the return to the age of candles and oil lamps. A young There has been a remarkable development of lawyer, educated in the United States, took occa- evangelical Christianity in Puerto Rico in the sion in one of these meetings to attack religion as past thirty-five years. When the Americans arthe "opiate of the people." Our pastor asked per- rived there was only one Protestant church mission to speak, as soon as he had finished, and (Anglican), and that was for English-speaking then gave the public a brief resume of the part residents. Now there are over two hundred evanplayed by evangelical Christians in working for gelical churches and practically everyone is pasbetter social conditions and in attacking evils like tored by a Puerto Rican minister. Puerto Ricans slavery. He cited the Anabaptists, the Puritans, are in responsible executive positions in .connecthe Quakers, and concluded with the Social Creed tion with most of the church work and there is a of the Federal Council of Churches. He added vitality and a maturity in the evangelical churches that the lawyer who had just spoken was an that could hardly have been expected from the alignoramus in religion. This was but one indica- most medireval Catholic background of the people. tion that the evangelical churches in Puerto Rico The influence of American public education has are a growing power in the life of the island. greatly assisted the ·work of the Protestant mis- There is perhaps no field in Latin America

UNITED STEWARDSHIP COUNCIL STATISTICS FOR 1933

sionaries and they have had abundant support have so far declined to face the realities of a from secular agencies, social and economic. common Christian task and fellowship, and con- The evangelical churches in Puerto Rico still lack much in self-dependence, initiative, conscious- tinue to maintain their ecclesiastical isolation. ness of social responsibility, and awareness of social and religious movements throughout the It must be admitted that some of the other denomworld. They are just now wandering off into an emotional, "pentecostal" movement, partly for lack inations expect their representatives to keep up of adequate direction of their spiritual energies. Their encouragement to ecclesiastical maturity denominational fences, and incite the churches to has not been pushed as fast as their progress in economic and social assimilation to the world at carry a considerable amount of denominational large. Great advance has been made in church cooperation between most of the denominations; excess baggage, because of financial rewards for but Lutherans and High Church Episcopalians denominational loyalty.

The evangelical churches of Puerto Rico need a prophetic Christian leader, with spiritual power and with social vision, to interpret Christianity for the difficult social and economic conditions of the island. There has not yet arisen a Puerto Rican Kagawa. GEO. W. HINMAN.

UNITED STEWARDSHIP COUNCIL STATISTICS FOR 1933 A blank was sent to the officials of the communions work outside of the budget. The statistics are for the de- nominational fiscal years. named below and the statistics are from their replies. Gifts reported are from living donors. Interest and leg- Gifts for All Purposes in some cases contains gifts from acies are not included. Denominational benevolences in- the living donors which were given either for nonbudget clude budget benevolences and such other contributions as are made for denominational missionary and beneficial denominational benevolences or for non- and interdenomi- national benevolences.

PER OAPITA GIFTS TOTAL GIFTS Member·
——————
–~–_—–~———I ship-In Communion Denomina· Other Congre- Denomina· Othe,r Congre- United tional Be- Benevo- gational All Purposes tional Be- Benevo· gational All Purposes States and nevolences lences EA'Penses nevolences lences Expenses Canada 1 American Lutheran (19) ijnO.51 (19) $13.07 $2,452,089.00 $10,033,509.00 $12,485,598.00 954,677 Oonference. . . .. . . … (13) $2.57 .. (3)" '$:63" (3) 18.18 (2) 23.29 2,139,924.00 1,018,482.00 1,304,341.00 56,000 2 Baptist Convention of (16) 11.62 (16) 14.28 2,244,579.06 17,310-;857.00 21,284,530.00 1,489,886 Ontario and Quebec. (4) 5.10 (23) 6.73 27,341,488.46 4,066,140 ··(9)· .. ·:33·· (23) 5.51 (24) 6.70 569,086.17 22,390,477.23 1,001,716.00 ~ Baptist, North ……. (19) 2.04 (25) 3.88 575,000.00 149,914 4 Baptist, South ……. (25) 1.22 (10) 18.67 5 Ohurch of the Brethren (15) 2.55 (3) .63 (5) 15.98 (25) 6.59 652,391.00 16,623,466.00 19,415,781.00 1,040,119 6 Congregational-Chris· (15) .06 (24) 5.19 (12) 18.46 8,703,010.55 11,047,589.61 1,675,763 100,000.00 tian …………….. (18) 2.06 (5) .53 (10) 15.26 (8) 19.52 123,267.58 3,508,062.13 4,200,416.50 229,814 7 Disciples of Ohr-st … (24) 1.34 8 Evangelical Church … (16) 2.47 (6) 15.83 (14) 16.20 879,403.67 3,774,171.27 4,653,574.94 239,611 9 Evangelical Lutheran (13) .17 (12) 14.26 (22) 9.36 467,021. 71 46,000.86 3,757,542.04 4,270,564.61 263,411 Augustana Synod of N. A. ……………. (7) 3.69 (21) 7.55 (18) 13.50 156,194.00 651,972.00 808,166.00 86,291 10 E,vangellcal Synod of (13) 16.78 N. A. •…………… (23) 1. 77 .(iij …. :ili.. (18) 10.60 (20) 11.77 2,751,533.00 ………….. 10,077,192.00 12,828,725.00 950,144 11 Lutheran, Other (13) 14.12 (4) 21.84 9,665,433.00 759,400.00 3,908,262 Synods ………….. (22) 1.81 (11) 18.66 55,172,718.00 65,597,606.00 2,653,063 12 Lutheran Synodical (11) .19 (22) 7.33 (6) 20.22 Conference ………. (10) 2.89 (9) 19.47 7,147,442.00 518,500.00 19,458,550.00 27,124,492.00 17,639 13 Methodist Episcopal .. (16) 2.47 (5) 20.95 180,174 14 Methodist Episcopal S. (12) 2.69 (7) .40 (7) 15.56 (1) 23.58 103,661.04 7,135.44 274,497.25 385,293.73 1,917,148 15 Moravian, No-rth ….. (2) 5.88 (2) .71 (11) 14.71 469,310 16 Presbyterian in Canada (9) 3.24 (17) 14.12 584,414.00 127,382.00 2,649,551.00 3,361,347.00 1,854,918 17 Presbyterian, U. S. A.. (6) 4.12 158,981 18 Presbyterian, U. S. (S.) (3) 5.39 (4) 16.10 (21) 11.24 7,908,302.00 30,871,100.00 38,779,402.00 19 Protestant E-piscopal . (21) 1.94 345,704 20 Reformed in America. (8) 3.58 (14) 14.07 (7) 19.93 2,532,278.00 6,604,595.00 9,136,873.00 21 Reformed, United 400,431 States …………… (11) 2.78 (2) 19.00 (15) 14.86 3,604,880.24 35,257,742.04 . 38,862,622.28 22 United Brethren in (3) 23.15 622,540 Christ …………… (20) 2.02 (1) 19.19 568,779.00 128,695.00 3,050,451.00 3,748,015.00 23 United Ohurch of $16.11 1,021,164 Oanada …………. (5) 4.32 (10) .21 (17) 11.13 962,538.74 71,870.26 3,846,486.00 4,880,895.00 177,265 24 United Lutheran Church ………….. (14) 2.56 (14) .12 (20) 9.11 807,426.00 46,955.00 3,647,112.00 4,501,493.00 24,928,319 25 United Presbyterian.. (1) 7.17 (8) .34 (9) 15.28 2,684,698.00 209,703.00 9,514,506.00 12,408,907.00 .. (5)· .. ·:53.. (15) 12.30 2,621,018.00 ………….. 12,560,972.00 15,181,990.00 (8) 15.45 1,271,223.00 93,871.00 2,738,860.00 4,103,954.00 $3.10 $.39 $12.70 $60,778,032.86 1$3,866,926.14 ~284,070,331. 51 1$348,715,381.13 Compiled for the United Stewardship CounCil-HARRY S. MYERS, Secretary, 152 Madison Avenue, New York City, December, 1933.

The figures presented in the table above should other benevolences, $284,070,331 for congreganot be taken to be an exact statement of the year tional expenses and for all purposes $348,715,381. 1933, as the several churches have varying dates The number of members reported in the twentyto close their books. five churches is 2'4,928,319 but the total of all the For these twenty-five denominations in the Protestant churches would probably be approxi- mately 35,000,000. It is not difficult to see in United States and Canada, the total for the year which order of precedence the churches stand to in a period of depression was $60,778,032 given per capita gifts to benevolences and local expenses. for denominational benevolences, $3,866,926 ,for

Home Missions Help Youth*

-<!III By DANIEL K. POLING, Prine"on, N. J. 11. .· – T HE Rev. John Sharpe, known in the coal Into this room crowd seventy-five boys and girls fields of Southern Ohio as the Children's of all descriptions-some white, some dark, some Bishop, when he employed me the second sea- with faces of cheer, some with faces of gloom, son as a Daily Vacation Bible School teacher said, some clean, some dirty, some ready to be good, "I hope your time and efforts are going to be val- some prepared to be bad, but all happy to be pres- ent. After all are seated a few shy ones peep in at the doors. Their particular characteristics are tousled hair and running noses. Outside, mothers shout and quarrel; and fathers, since there is no work this day, sit around under the trees playing cards and talking.

Such conditions were in the mind of Mr. Sharpe when he said to me, "I hope your time and efforts are going to be valuable to us but if we could not help you I would not ask your assistance." He AN INTERESTING CLASS OF BOYS AT THE D. v. B. S.

uable to us but if we could not help you I would not ask your assistance."

Let me describe the work of which he spoke.

The Vacation Bible Schools are composed of pupils ranging from children of two and three years of age to young men and women of nineteen and twenty. They attend school five days a week for three or four weeks. · In the morning, for two hours and a half, they are taught the Bible, hymn singing, craft work and sewing. The afternoons are spent in hiking, picnicking, ball games and other forms of recreation. In this way the long summer days ate filled with the best kind of work and play.

Picture a two-room dwelling which, during and directly after the World War, housed a miner and his family but now serves as a church. This par- ticular building is located up the hollow beyond the coal mine. It is surrounded by many similar WHERE WE HELD THE DAILY VlAOATLON BIBLE SCHOOL structures, some inhabited but all dirty in varying degrees. The front room, which is equipped recognized the need of the privileged young peo- ple of the church for what home missions can do with rickety, home-made benches, is used for the for them. I too find this to be true from actual Bible School. A stove is in the middle of the contact with privation, ignorance, intolerance, floor and just beyond is a small raised platform lack of opportunity and sin. We did our best for with an old foot-pedal organ. There are two the people thus bound but they too added greatly doors leading into the yard and two windows to my life. which provide light and ventilation. Because of them, I came to appreciate my • An address given at the Annual Home Missions Conference Din- greater privileges. I became sincerely thankful ner, New Yiork, January, 1934. Mr. Poling is the son of Dr. for my Christian opportunities. Gratitude helps Daniel A. Poling, President of the United Society of Christian Endeavor.

[230 ]

DEVELOPING THE ASSETS OF REDMEN

to form character. One's being expands and takes the others that of which I was incapable. on proportions beyond his former capacity. Life These things home mission work did for me. It is seen as an asset to be used for the advancement of others. made me thankful, giving me an appreciation of my Christian advantages. It aroused my concern As a result of my increased sense of gratitude, for the less fortunate. It disclosed my own in- I immediately became concerned for those with abilities and turned "my eyes to the hills from whom I dealt. There welled up within me the de- whence cometh my help." It gave me a truer sire to assist the men and women, the boys and standard for character and for a personality in girls of the coal fields to a higher plane of life. I which spiritual values are placed first. wanted to count for something in their behalf. Young people of the church, by the very nature Then suddenly I came to realize that in my own of youth, may be slow to recognize their spiritual strength I could give them nothing of lasting bene- needs but experience in the mission field has a fit. I began to feel sharply my own insufficiencies. method all its own of disclosing these needs. They The outcome was that I became a closer and more are revealed and satisfied as, participating in the receptive companion of Christ. Slowly but surely, fulfilment of the Great Commission, one comes I came to depend upon Him for strength and guid- into closer communion and into a working comance. I found that He was able to do for me and panionship with Jesus Christ.

Developing the. Assets of Redmen _-o~1 By ELSIE P. HERNDON, Tuba City, Arizona I LTONG ago I learned to measure the progress of who are doing exactly what the desert cactus has today with some yesterday. About forty done in my flower gard~:g.. years ago, in the years of,my earliest contacts with the Indians of Arizona, a young man Who says that religion is an opiate and deters who was educated in Hampton Institute, feared the progress of the tribes of Redmen? Say this, that I might become discouraged by the slow if you will, of other religions, of pagan sun wor· progress of his tribe. He assumed the responsi- ship it is far too true, but it is never true of the bility of a scout of the Trail of Progress and called Christian Indians who follow Jesus Christ. out from the ambushes of his wary, and sometimes suspicious friends: "Do not be discouraged, One of the best qualified Indian teachers I know, we are climbing the Hill of Progress." That young a Roman Catholic, was speaking to me of some of brave planted a desert cactus in my flower garden. the distinguished men and women who are ad· This well illustrates how the native Indian genius mired and trusted in their tribes, and who have and gifts have been embellished and have become never suffered from an inferior complex but are vibrant and responsive to changes that Christian proud of their blood. She declared that mission· education had introduced into the life of these aries have been first and foremost in the develop~ native Americans. The desert cactus, planted on ment of these leaders and have made them torch· a stump of a desert mesquite tree in a mere hand- bearers of all that is to be desired by her race in ful of good earth shows the native instinct in its the onward march of the Redman in the United search for water and sends a taproot down deep States. into the earth until it finds living water. Then it lives and grows and flouishes and becomes the As I view a glorious sunset of cooperative work miracle among the garden of flowers, putting with my missionary husband, I find great joy, not forth its blossoms of marvelous beauty. The only in reminiscences but in present-day experi~ cactus does not change one whit from its original ences. Twenty-six pupils of the Tuba Boarding stock but uses every asset to develop its inherent School were baptized and received into the church and distinguishing characteristics. So the Indian Sunday, March 4. Eleven returned students Christians, like the young brave, have sent a tap- brought letters from distant schools and renewed root down into the Water of Life, the true source their pledge to serve Christ and their people in the of strength and character. Then the missionaries Navajo land. One girl said that her older sister go to their gardens and point to native ChristIans and her father wished to be baptized. They live fifty miles from Tuba but they would like to come to the mission for this public acknowledgment of Christ.

Preacher and Mountain

By the REV. L. C. KELLY, A.B., D.D., Pineville, Bell County, Kentucky W HEN one lives in the mountains long for their immoral and unworthy manner of. life. enough for the scales of preconceived ideas They have been potent factors in lowering the to fall from his eyes he will come to see moral and spiritual ideals of the churches. that the greatest need is for religious leaders to Outsiders seem to forget, or never to have dis- measure up to the moral and spiritual demands covered, that we have preachers and preachers in of the situation. They must rightly relate their the mountains. We have the "Holy Roller"

lives and message to the moral and spiritual prob- preacher, the "Mock Humility" preacher, the "im- lems that affect the entire life of the mountaineers. moral" preacher, the "afraid" preacher, the The correction and cure of other problems wait "Open-your-mouth-and-God-will-fill-it" preacher, for the dynamic of a new moral authority and the "under-bidder" preacher, the "free-lance"

spiritual power in the preachers and their preacher, and the God-called preacher. churches. There is need for strongly organized The immoral preacher will get drunk, wink at forces of Christian men and women that will make crime and lawlessness and wickedness in high crime, beat his debts, preach while under the inplaces unpopular. fluence of liquor, commit fornication-in fact do many other things that no honest non-Christian Many benevolent minded people have sought in would do. He is usually a great contender for the many ways to help solve the mountain problems, "faith" and a great aspirant for public office. He by schools, hospitals, nursing centers, clinics and performs marriage ceremonies and in a number community centers. But unless they strengthen of ways reaps some benefits from wearing the the moral and spiritual fiber of the character of name "Reverend." He has been a blight on the people they all "build a cozy nest on a rotten Christianity. limb." I believe that the key to the solution of The "Holy Roller" preachers, as a rule, are long the problem is the God-called native mountain preacher. It is the profound conviction of some on emotions and short on moral standards. Many of us, through past experiences and past failures, do not seem to know the difference between carnal feeling and spiritual fervor. They preach perfec- that by patient efforts this task of evangelizing tion and practice carnality. They set themselves and character building will be done by the people to break down every effort and program of other themselves under the leadership of their own na- creeds and sow seeds of religious radicalism in tive men with the prayerful cooperation of friends the minds of people. They cultivate the soil for in other sections. Denominational leaders are con- agitators, whose stock in trade is mob-psychology. vinced that this is the key to the solution of the Their boisterous ways of worship have more or problem of missions on the foreign field and also less affected the entire rural church life of the in the mountains of America – in some ways a mountains.

more difficult field. The "Mock-humility" preacher wears a large We have already made a start toward the solu- bump of feigned-inferiority. In this way he' sows tion. For eight years we have gathered from the seeds of mental and moral blight deep into the twelve to seventy of these mountain men for a hearts of his followers.

month's study of the Bible, English, Church Prob- The "Under-bidder" preacher will nose in and lems, Church History, and Missions. We have undermine his brother pastor by offering to take noted their hunger and have seen them grow. the church for less than they are paying their The God-called man of the mountains has many pastor.

problems and obstacles to overcome, one of the The "Afraid" preacher is timid about condemn- worst of which is the evil influences of unworthy ing popular evils, and is afraid to preach missions, men in the ministry. As a rule all preachers look or stewardship, and other vital things touching alike to sinners and they have no respect for any. daily life and work. Such men think less of preachers than of men in The "Open-your-mouth-and-God-will-fill-it" any other walk of life. This is due in large meas- preacher is one who has gone to seed on inspira- ure to a certain type of preachers who are known tion. He is against education and teaches that [232 ] when God calls a man to preach He will put the gious disorganizers. They have fought handi- message in his mouth and inspire him with any capped as no other preachers of their day. They needed knowledge. have preached the best they could, inspite of tired The "Free-lance" preacher is tied on to nothing. body and untutored brain. They have had few . He baptizes his converts with no church authority, books, because the ever-present wolf has made it impossible for them to buy books. They have preached the funerals of the murderer and the "moonshiner" along with those of the ordinary sinners. One man who digs coal for a living con- ducted fifty funerals last year. That meant that he lost fifty days from work for which he did not receive one cent. Another man was obliged to re- main away from the Preachers School because he had nine girls to feed.

Education alone is not sufficient and some of these handicapped men have power with both God and man.

REV. R. B. MOYERS, FONDE, KENTUCKY "A Mountain Preachers Day" was put on at the Clear Creek Springs Assembly and a fine, up- Th is pastor held four revivals during 1933 a nd had 608 pro- standing mountain preacher arose and said: fessions of faith. Uneducated, yet when preaching he is inspired with great power and spiritual wisdom. H e and his wife, hy "My brethren, I beg pardon for my language. h is s ide, have five children.

I never saw inside a grammar. I never went half fills school houses and is an ecclesiastical" 'Wild through the first reader."

ass' colt." For six years he has been a faithful student at The "God-called" preacher, on the other hand, the Preachers School and today is one of the most feels that God called him to be a Christian before he called him to be a minister. He is honest to the core and self-sacrificing almost to a fault. He is devoted to his task and does an immense amount of work under the most trying circumstances, with no thought of material reward. This type of mountain preacher is usually sound in theology and full of evangelistic fervor. Many are pos- sessed with great physical strength but few have received any special training. Many can scarcely read. They have had no opportunity to go to school because most of them married early and have growing families. But they are capable, re- sponsive, hungry hearted and teachable, and have many qualities of leadership. Some of these men who have been pastors for years will sit spell- bound each summer in the English class at the Clear Creek Mountain Preachers School as the teacher talks about the simplest rudiments of the English language. To see forty or fifty grown men studying primary English is both a pathetic and an inspiring task. These under-privileged men are the potential leaders of a great people.

These God-called men have not only had to battle against bad religious conditions, for which unworthy preachers are responsible, but they have had to fight the wolf from ·the door daily and to TWO GREAT OLD-TIMERS WHO HELPED TO HOLD THE FORT feed and warm their families by their own hard FOR MANY YEARS OF USEFULNESS toil. They have had to fight against all sorts of bold, aggressive sins; ignorance, prejudice, world- useful and most sought after evangelists in all the liness in its rawest forms, blood-thirstiness, carnal mountain. With his heart, mind and personality, passions, broken homes, selfish exploiters of the proper training could have taken him to the top.

weak, vote venders, doctrinal Bolshevists, and reli- When asked what the school had done for him,

another younger pastor replied, "It ruined me. It courthouse steps, read the article and for nearly ruined all myoid sermons and it ruined me finan- two hours preached against the author of the cially. I had not been here three days before I article who was an interested member of his saw that I had to prepare to preach. I mortgaged audience. Today he is one of our best friends and my home and took my family to New Orleans Bible attends the Preachers School when he can. Institute for a year. I lost my home but I found myself. I'm not sorry. I would do it again." He A wonderful change has come over many of continued: these mountain preachers since we first began eight years ago. At the start we employed one of "Last night I was out yonder on the mountain their best men whom the preachers "confidenced" praying! As I prayed I heard voices. I heard to work three months, persuading them to come mountain mothers crying to God that their chil- to Clear Creek Springs to study the Bible together. dren might have a chance in life. I heard chil- Twelve came and .in four years that number had dren crying for the Bread of Life and for an op- increased to sixty-eight regular students and fifportunity to be somebody. I heard preachers teen occasional visitors. praying for help in their task. My brethren, have you heard these voices? Have you been haunted When the school was first proposed the quesby them?" tion was how to get them to come. Now the ques- tion is how to pay the bills. All this work has One fine man after another arose from the been carried on by voluntary contribution. The audience and told what the school had meant to men pay what little they can and some have to him. have help for their families at home while they attend the school. To perpetuate the work, and "It has inspired me to a new determination to reach out for more men, we have organized The get a better education." Society for the Instruction and Training of the Mountain Preachers, with annual membership "I have learned how little I knew about the dues at five dollars. The cost per capita varies Bible." with the number of men, with one hundred men we could furnish everything for twenty dollars "It has shown me that I am as big as I will ever per man for thirty days. be and have as big a work as I will ever have unless I can get more training." The secret of their great enthusiasm and inter- est in the school is twofold. They have come to "It cleared up my thinking about predestination see that it is their one and only change for trainand freewill." ing. It is not something imposed by outsiders. It is theirs and we have sought from the first to "It made the Bible a new book to me." develop their sense of responsibility for the suc- "It made me more of a missionary." cess of it. They elect their own faculty. It has "It prepared me to take full-time pastorate." made them more socially minded. Each year, in "It means to me greater Scriptural knowledge, the middle of the session, we have a conference on larger vision, deeper consecration, delightful fel- public affairs to discuss with them social, ecolowship, spiritual strength and greater love and nomic, health, law-enforcement, and religious sympathy for my brethren in the ministry." problems of the mountains. It took us five years to win the confidence of these mountain men. When we had been here two We are all sure that God has been back of this years we criticised one of the country pastors in work, under it, in it and through it. Each year our church paper. We have learned better since. we can thank God and take courage. At the end of that week we looked down the street and here came said pastor leading his entire flock of some two hundred people. He perched on the Kagawa's Prayer Heavenly Father, who dost lead us by Thy marvelous hand, we believe that Thou art infinitely wiser in Thy control of our lives than our own intelligence. Throwing aside all regret or longing and wilfulness, cause us to press forward in the path which Christ trod. Lead us by Thy marvelous hand. Bless the world afresh through our suffering and sorrow, and as Thou didst cause salvation to be spread abroad in those ancient days, lead us too who are so weak within ourselves. Enable us who seek Thee to bestir ourselves in Thy serv- ice and to seek afresh Thy guidance. Through our Saviour Jesus Christ. Amen.

Present Crisis and Opportunity in

By HARRY STRACHAN, Valdepenas, Spain Director of the Latin America Evangelistic Campaign Sp AIN. is passing through a crisis of such over- with the Spirit, and with an untiring passion for whelming import as almost to threaten a preaching the Gospel. All this lends special em- civil war of extermination. There is a phasis to his ministry, and gives him acceptance strange combination of clerical and monarchical among the evangelical churches in Spain, parforces, with their roots grounded in the historical ticularly at a time when the nationalistic spirit is past of the nation. An evidence of the grip of the so strong.

clergy upon the country is the overwhelming de- Our ministry is to a large extent being confined feat of the Republican party in the recent elec- to a revival movement among the churches of the tions, accomplished through the influence of Peninsula. During the past few months we have priests upon women voters. The newly established conducted evangelistic services all over the Galirepublic, in its joy over the victory that recently cian territory, where the Brethren have several brought it into existence, in conceding a vote to centres of work. Chief among these centres are ignorant women, placed power in the hands of un- Marin, Santo Tome, Vigo, Combarro, Grove, Coscrupulous and ever-vigilant clergy. The exist- runa, Ares, Ferrol, Gij6n, Lugo and Bande. In ence of its recent-won liberty is threatened. Here practically every place thus far visited labors is a tragic enaction of the drama of Samson: con- have been blessed both by the conversion of sinfidence betrayed by the tool of the Philistines, with ners and the consecration of believers. Over resultant captivity, blindness and premature sixty invitations have come for meetings from death. Another contributing factor to the debacle other sections of the country, so that intensive has been the unexpected alignment of the more evangelistic opportunities await us for which we conservative Republicans who, in their dread of request special prayer. communistic excesses, have joined forces with the clercial and monarchical parties, thus playing into A Communist Filled the Church the hands of their opponents. Although the political situation is full of great On the other hand are the forces of liberty- uncertainty, and restrictive· measures are still in liberty crushed through long centuries of persecu- operation, nevertheless opportunities have already tion and oppression and bloodshed – and yet been opened which have demonstrated possibiliwithin its prison of enforced silence, quietly gath- ties for Spain like those in Latin America. For ering force until, like the imprisoned lava of a example, during a fourteen-days' campaign in modern Vesuvius, -its eruptive force breaks all Marin, the church was filled each evening with barriers. The destructive tendency seems to have those who were almost entriely church members incarnated itself particularly in the anarchist- and Protestant adherents. It seemed impossible communistic movement, which by means of the because of prejudice, to secure the attendance of bomb, and other murderous weapons, almost non-evangelicals. The challenge to a debate, howcreated a reign of terror throughout the country. ever, by a communist, who had almost succeeded Fortunately, by drastic measures taken at the in burning the Marin church drew well over 200 time of the recent election, it has been held in workmen to their own hall as also a considerable check, but the spirit keeps spreading slowly but number of believers. The communist was discomsurely, and no one can tell when a fresh outbreak fited in his endeavors to cast ridicule upon the may take place. Bible, and such a strong case was presented by Mr. Palomeque on behalf of its inspirations, as to Evangelical Forces at Work win from almost all present a strong round of ap- plause. Better still, in response to Mr. Palome- Here is the background under which the evan- gelization campaign is being carried forward. que's invitation to attend his last discourse in the Mr. Palomeque is one of the most valued teachers church the following evening, such a crowd gath- from the Bible Institute in Costa Rica. He is a ered as to pack both church and vestibule and Spaniard of exceptional gifts and has an interde- even overflow into the outside patio with people nominational perspective: above all he is filled who had hitherto been impossible to reach.

[ 235 ]

Among those present were the Mayor and several of seventy-four young men and women to carry the Gospel to surrounding districts. This enthuother representative men of the city. siastic group during a week of special services on Other meetings were not only valuable because the opposite side of the bay, rendered yeoman of the crowds reached with the Gospel but much service by their attendance and help in song, and more because of the possibilities suggested for the by the distribution of literature. Largely due to future. We were privileged to preach at one of their enthusiasm, we had about 700 people present the great fairs which take place in all parts of the at an open-air meeting in the plaza of Sangenjo. country. Since the establishment of the Republic Their songs, as they crossed the bay in a large these fairs have been largely used, particularly by fishing motorboat, were carried across the waters the Brethren, as a means of spreading the Gospel and resounded among the hills, attracting the among multitudes of people. They afford the op- townspeople and villagers to an evangelical openportunity of preaching to great crowds drawn air meeting such· as had never before been witfrom all over the countryside, and also permit of nessed there. Mr. Palomeque and I had addressed a distribution of the Scriptures, resulting in their this large crowd, comprising many unfriendly to dissemination throughout all the country villages the evangelical faith, but all of them listened with and hamlets from which these people come. When attention. Then the young crusaders, following one considers the tremendously important fact our departure for another meeting several miles that these fairs are celebrated all over Spain, and distant, remained for over an hour singing hymns each day of the year, Sundays included, can be to the interested crowd, and made a liberal distriused in this ministry of preaching and distrib- bution of Gospel literature. This same group uting the Scriptures to those who are drawn from worked enthusiastically in distributing handbills every nook and corner of the country. With a for our first theater meetings, and distributed well coordinated plan, and a consecrated band of Gospels and tracts. workers, the possibilities are overwhelming. The Brethren are planning an intensive effort of evan- Theater Meetings in Spain gelization along these lines by means of a Bible coach. In the campaign in Spain, we employ the same The Youth in Dance Halls methods as those used in Latin America. In our Another new phase of work, which offers won- efforts to cooperate with all evangelical workers, derful opportunities of reaching the youth of the we seek to reach by means of theatre meetings the country, is the dance hall. All over the country, great unevangelized and, in most cases, indifferent sometimes even in the smallest villages, are these masses who will not enter evangelical places of dance halls which are sucking into their vortex worship. By breaking down prejudice on the one countless multitudes of young men and women. hand, and winning them to a new interest in the We had opportunities of reaching this class of Gospel story we endeavor to woo them to the young people who would seldom or never be Saviour and thereby to His Church and service.

reached with the Gospel elsewhere. On each oc- Owing to the tense political situation at the time casion the number present was between three of our arrival which led the authorities to pro- and four hundred and, considering the circum- hibit all public meetings, we were at first obliged stances under which we preached, the attention to limit our ministry to the churches. With ten- was good. A number listened witlr real serious- sion relaxed, due to the enforcement of drastic ness to messages that disclosed the pitfalls of measures against communistic excesses, a larger sin, at the same time setting forth the attractions amount of liberty was granted, of which we were of the life in Christ Jesus. Excellent opportuni- not slow to avail ourselves. Thus permission was ties were afforded for distributing Gospels and secured from the authorities to hold two great Scripture portions. The communists and social- public meetings in one of the large theaters of ists are securing most of their recruits from the Pontevedra. This city is one of the bulwarks of youth of both sexes. Never was there a greater Roman Catholicism in Galacia. One of the out- need for the Church of Christ to imitate this standing evangelical workers sought for four years example and to pray for this work. to obtain a foothold in this fanatical city, but was We have been making a special endeavor to finally obliged- to retire without having achieved reach the youth of the evangelical churches, many his purpose. Thus no evangelical church was of whom are being drawn into worldliness. In found in this most important city, and our joy was many churches we have seen what might be great, therefore, at having permission for theater termed a revival movement among young people. meetings. Owing to the enthusiastic efforts of One church, where the pastor was in despair about the young people in sowing the entire city' with the condition of the youth, a real awakening took handbills, inviting all to our meetings, we found place, resulting in the formation of a special band at the theater a dense crowd in front of the doors.

THE PRESENT CRISIS AND OPPORTUNITY IN SPAIN

The theater was packed to the last available seat, prietor pleading for a copy of the New Testament. with about 100 people standing throughout the Tremendous facilities are thus offered for distridiscourse. The interest was splendid for a first bution of the Scriptures at theatre meetings and night in such a place, and although we had two in the open air. Pray that these may be greatly interruptions, one occasioned by a group of rowdy blessed to the salvation of souls. We covet earnest boys and the other by some communists, yet these prayer also that the door may be kept open from were only momentary. Our second night was even all political interference, in order that these efbetter, and an interesting discourse on Sowing forts may be continued. The reactionary party and Reaping by Mr. Palomeque was greeted with that has managed to secure the reins of governapplause-and this in fanatical Pontevedra! ment in the recent election is pledging itself to such a return of favors to the Roman Catholic At the close of the second meeting, Scripture portions, tracts and Testaments were distributed Church as may hamper evangelical activity.* by the young people of Marin. We were besieged for copies, even the police and the theater pro- • Any interested in this campaign in Spain may communicate with Miss E. B. Long, 828 Windsor Square, Philadelphia, Pa., who will furnish literature and information.

PRAYER FOR SLUM CLEARANCE* Almighty God, Father of all mankind, Thou who hast signally blessed the human family as the cradle of divinity, and hast granted to us the security and strength, the joy and comfort, and the supporting goodness of our homes, do Thou forgive us that we have been content to accept these precious gifts of life, but have taken little thought of those whose lot confines them to the slums of our cities. .

Give us, we pray Thee, a vivid sense of the little children condemned to live in crowded tenements and to play amidst the traffic in the streets, deprived to the simplest elements of human health and happiness, robbed even of the common heritage of pure air and sunshine.

Make us conscious of the preventable disease which breeds in the narrow alleys, and in the dark inner rooms where sunlight never comes.

By our very hope of Thy mercy, as we sjt concerned by the sickbeds of our own little ones, may we be willing in love to share the anxiety, the anguish, and the grief of the parents of the poor as they watch by their sick or mourn the death of those who need not have sick- ened or died but for the conditions in which they are obliged to live.

In the very measure of our longing for a happy home for our dear ones, with space for gracious living, free from the special strains and irritations, and the moral exposures of crowded quarters; by our pleasure in the joyous play of our happy children in God's out-of- doors, do Thou lay upon our conscience the plight of countless families whose lives are cramped and thwarted for lack of space and air in which to live and play and grow in wisdom and in stature, and in favor with God and man.

By the very anguish of our prayers for our own children, that they may be saved from sin, and that they may grow in grace and goodness, into the glory of manhood and womanhood, into the stature of the fulness of Christ, do Thou make us ashamed of our toleration of the slums, which in disproportionate measure continue to make criminals and prostitutes of many boys and girls who never had a chance. Oh, God of love and justice, we acknowledge before Thee our personal and corporate responsibility for the sins of such perverted lives. By our very hopes of heaven, oh God, help us truly to love our neighbors as ourselves, and to know no peace of heart until all Thy children shall enjoy equal opportunities for health and happi- ness, and for the very salvation of their souls.

As we bow in reverence before Thee, our Father, in these solemn moments of prayer, we dedicate our wills to Thine. Grant us grace at this time to gird ourselves for action. May we lay hold upon the special opportunities which are now offered in our land for the clearance of slums and the erection of homes more fit for the children of God. As we go out from Thy House to do our part in this heroic task of Thy Kingdom, grant to us, we pray, a very special sense of Thy nearness and Thy love, inasmuch as we would do it unto Thee.

For Jesus' s,ake, Amen.

• This prayer, written by the Rev. James Myers, Industrial Secretary, Federal Council of the Churches of Christ In America, is for use In churches and home missionary societies. Even If your community is rural, you can help by prayer, and through understanding the conditions surrounding industrial classes in our cities.

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~=I==========================-~ MISSIONS IN THE HOME in developing a desire for good litera- corollary of the Christian life ture …… Perhaps one of the very and faith, instead of being excep- A request has come for sug- best ways in which to encourage the tional, occasional or optional. gestions as to the cultivation of reading of good literature, and cer- They are an essential in the patmissionary interest among chil- tainly a very profitable way, is to tern of our Christian life, and if dren in the home. The matter iil maintain a family reading circle. A we truly esteem them so, none of prime importance, since the few moments devoted to reading aloud of the foregoing endeavors will fundamentals of all life-develop- from a good book or magazine, fol- be too strenuous, because we ment must be included in early lowed by a brief discussion by the shall consider them so well home-conditioning. members of the group, tends to en- worth while. courage good reading more than any- The absolute essential for de- thing else that can be done. The The Pastor's Missionary veloping missionary-mindedness selection may be criticized as the that will become permanent is a memberS of the circle see fit and upon Round Table matter of atmosphere – the pa- the points which they deem necessary. rental attitude of mind. The …… Very much good may be derived A cooperative plan for pastor, mother, as the parent of greater from a miniature forum of this kind. missionary education committee contact, must have not only the and woman's society in the Bap- Spirit of Christ and a passion Each denominational board tist church at Galesburg, Illinois, for missions but thorough infor- has ample information as to the has proved valuable in the matmation as to down-to-date condi- missionary books and magazines ter of creating more general intions, needs and current policies adapted to the various ages, and terest and bringing "the brethfor the work and the great re- the usual plan of basing the ren" into the picture. It was sults of Christian missions. As whole round of reading and properly termed "The Fireside these change from year to year, study for a given year upon one Reading and Discussion Groups," summer is an excellent time to theme lends itself to the family the round table occurring twice, prepare for the fall opening-by reading circle idea. Economy in at two-week intervals, as the reading or by attendance at some these times of reduced finances high light and climax. Several good conference if this is im- may well begin somewhere else outstanding study or reading possible. This preparation must than on the library table. books were chosen as rallying be kept up year by year and points for discussion, others beshould cover the various phases Auxiliary devices in the nature ing added as the several groups of children's work as outlined by of recreation may also be used- might desire, the keynote of the the national leaders. missionary puzzles, games, con- endeavor being: tests, etc. Attention is again Next comes the matter of pro- called to the little "Handy" man- To read a book of worth; viding suitable reading matter uals mentioned in the September, To discuss it with friends; and seeing that it is used. James 1933, number of THE REVIEW To find Christian solutions of prob- E. Knowles says, in The Na- (furnished by The Church Rectional Kindergarten Association: reation Service, Delaware, Ohio) lems; in which are featured numerous To apply solutions to daily living- Most children experience an insati- games suitable for family circle These are paths which lead to the able desire for reading between the or home party. ages of eight and twelve. They pass broad highway of Christ-like through a period of what might be Parents should see to it that character and service. called the explorative period. It is children attend their church misthe time when they are driven through sionary organizations and study The reading groups were very curiosity to find out as much as they classes, helping to form such an carefully organized, one person can about their world. The desire to organization if the church lacks in each of seven sections of the read often becomes so intense that the them, not forgetting that ex– town being selected to invite child is liable to give his entire spare ample is more powerful than other Baptists of the section to time to cheap, trashy stories in his precept. meet at a designated home to ardent search for a "thrill." Provid- read together the assigned books ing the right kind of books in the home Undergirding all these plans and to shape up the discussion and suggesting reading for the child should be the normalizing of mis- toward conclusions that might to get from other sources is, without sions in home conversation and be reported at the round tabl~ to doubt, the right procedure to follow attitudes of mind so they will follow. Most of these neighbor- appear natural as an inevitable hood groups met five or six [238 ]

EPFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

times. On the two round table Of that new world that He would have nese, an Indian and a Moham- us build medan room respectively. For evenings an inexpensive supper To life's ennoblement and His high was served at the church, after the Chinese scene a low stool which the discussions were held ministry. was used for the bride's seat with the pastor either conduct- Bird's-eye View of the Mission while her mot her hovered around putting the finishing ing or leading out. In some in- Study Books touches on the girl's toilette. For stances the groups at table had A new venture in the Granville the Mohammedan scene a low been formed by having the Baptist church last February divan, improvised by draping an guests draw numbered slips was the giving over of the mid- automobile cushion with purple with a discussion topic or ques- week prayer meeting, preceding cloth, was used. The remaining tion at the top; the six or eight the opening of the annual School third of the stage represented persons who found their slips of World Friendship, to a project the American home – hat and bore the same number to seat entitled' "Around the Library suit boxes scattered about, the themselves at one table and talk Table with the Study Books." wedding veil in a box on the about their topic with a view to This was a plan to acquaint table, a chair, a couch, etc. presenting a group view at the everybody with all the new study round table. In this way it was books, only one of which would The devotional period, precedhoped to get everyone to think- be intensively considered by each ing the sketch, was based on ing and talking missions as well person later. A round table with Revelation 19: 6-9 – "The Maras to get a precipitate of definite green cloth, a bowl of flowers riage of the Lamb." Lohengrin's findings originating with the lay- and missionary books and mag- Wedding March was played premen. These round tables are re- azines was the center of interest, vious to the opening of the curported to have been both lively all lights in the prayer meeting tains and "0 Promise Me" was and stimulating, with no dull room being turned out except sung as a solo after they closed. moments. Conclusions repre- the soft-tinted reading lamps Stories of weddings may be obsenting group thinking were par- brought in from near-by homes tained from such books as "Eastticularly calculated to motivate for the purpose. The meeting ern Women: Today and Tomortoward group action later, espe- owed its initial interest to this row," "Lady Fourth Daughter of cially as the discussions were all colorful atmosphere. Five good China," "Friends -of Africa," and controlled by the master query, speakers, chosen from the vari- also from denominational mag- "What Can We Do?'" The an- ous interests and age groups of azines and leaflets on the several nouncement for Nov. 8 was as the church, sat around the table countries. follows: and in an informal way rose in turn to review in eight-minute In the opening scene the WHAT CAN WE Do As INDIVIDUALS speeches the outstanding books American bride holds up her veil assigned. A very large audience and says: "Isn't it just beauti- about had gathered in response to the ful, mumsie?" In a natural con- announcement and expressions versation, easily improvised by 1. World peace, of keen interest were numerous. any local group, mother and daughter talk of the charming 2. Race prejudice, June Brides church wedding to be celebrated' the next day, the good qualities 3. Industrial conditions, of the husband-to-be, the new 4. The applications of Christ's teach- ings to daily living.

For Nov. 22 the question was asked: What Can We Do As Miss Elizabeth I. Fensom, of home in prospect, etc. The Churches about the same four the Baptist Literature Bureau, mother insists that the young topics. The records kept of 152 Madison Av~., New York woman shall lie down on the these discussions doubtless con- City, reports a prize-winning couch now and get "forty winks" tain valuable points to show mis- program received from Grace so that she will be sufficiently sionary administrators "which Baptist Church of Camden, New rested to attend the missionary way the wind is blowing" at the Jersey, which may be produced meeting that afternoon-the last with simple stage scenery but before she changes her name. home base. very entertaining and illumi- Pulling a letter from her apron In the School of World Friend- nating results. Costumes typical ship, which had its usual six ses- of the several countries were pocket, the mother hands it over sions beginning on January 1, saying it has just come from a made of inexpensive material former dear girl friend now less time than usual was needed and the stage settings required for the detailed study of the two only screens, draperies impro- down in Africa, who evidently had planned its arrival previous books used for the round table vised from house furnishings, to the wedding. Exit mother, and so more time could be given carrying away boxes and packto the expressional projects and a few borrowed curios. A ages. third of the stage was partiwhich are, after all, the high tioned off with folding screens, Reading this letter aloud as potency of any mission study. this portion being transformed she lies on the couch, the bride- God grant us wisdom in these coming days, -by means of Chinese panels, a to-be comments on her satisfac- Persian table scarf and some tion that she is not to be wedded And eyes unsealed, that we clear oriental draperies – into a Chi- under any such circumstances as visions see

are described by the missionary her mother in time for the mis- by the Presbyterian Church of and promises herself to read the sionary meeting. She exclaims Jeannette, Pa. The Joash Chest over her strange dream, saying idea, taken from 2 Kings 12, was letter to the audience in the she never before realized how announced by January 1, reafternoon. Presently the young fortonate she was to be married ferred to frequently in the pul- in a Christian land and that she pit and described in a leaflet diswoman falls asleep. The letter intends to tell the friends at the tributed to the membership. tells of an African girl of very meeting all about it that they The week preceding the cantender age who had been chosen may know how much they owe vass, each member received a to the changes brought about by card with a cut of the chest. by a man with ten other wives- Jesus Christ. Two Sundays were taken for the the selection having been made filling of the chest, sermons set- Good Ideas ting forth the needs being when on a visit to her father, preached to create atmosphere Chief Mubefe, when she was A Three-Plus-One Luncheon is and the benevolent attitude of but a tiny child. The visits of described in Women's Home mind. Canvassers went forceremony bringing gifts, the Missions (Methodist). The en- ward for consecration to the tire membership of the women's work. Minister and church drinking of wine and the carous- society was divided into threes, officers first filled in their pledge ing, the all-night dancing of men one strong member on each cards and dropped them into group serving as chairman. the chest, then the congregation and women separately, the pros- Each group then met to arrange followed suit. The number of pect of having to work for this the details of a table for four and prospects to be reached in their to determine what non-member homes was reduced from 950 to old man when she wants to they should go after to fill the 200. The people were enthumarry a young man, etc., are fourth place. If not successful siastic over this method of con- in their first choice, they went ducting the canvass, as it spirgraphically described. after another woman, and in the itualized the business end of the While the American girl sleeps event of final failure the place church work. remained e m p t y. For the on, scenes in other mission lands luncheon, groups formed in Methods for Increasing are described and the screens order according to the numbers Interest on their tables and entered the shutting off the rest of the stage dining room under arches made The Friends' Missionary Adare removed as required to show of autumn leaves and flags. One vocate gives worthful sugges- member in each group took all tions for accentuating interest these scenes. The pianist plays four plates to the kitchen for among their membership of all "The Song of India" when the self-service, another took care ages. Among the points are first episode reveals Jyoti sitting of the needs as the luncheon pro- .mentioned : gressed, while the third removed on the floor with her jewel and the plates and served the dessert. Having a missionary commitpaint boxes decorating herself At each plate had been placed an tee write to the different fields envelope and pencil with instruc- and get personal replies to be as she recites a revealing mono- tions that the member place in read in Sunday school or mislogue. The text for this is ob- the former all or as much of her sionary society. dues as possible. After a protainable from the Literature gram feature on giving, the Conducting imaginary trips to Headquarters, 733 Muhlenberg treasurer, carrying a lighted the Foreign Field, with visual Building, Philadelphia, Pa.- candle and accompanied by the aids to understanding. secretary, went from table to "Jyoti, a Monologue ora Bride table collecting the envelopes Having individuals make suitof India" (price, 2 cents). and lighting the individual able mottoes of quotations to be candles wherever dues had been exhibited in the Sunday school. To the music of a Chinese paid. Opportunity was given melody, the next scene discloses for each group to introduce its Assigning incidents describ- new member. The dues and the ing actual missionary experia Chinese bride and her mother. lighted candle were then placed ences, to be memorized and re- Their dialogue may be adapted at the foot of a large map of the peated by various children. United States on which were from a chapter in "A China plainly indicated the Home Mis- Asking volunteers to learn the Shepherdess," by Mar gar e t sionary institutions in which the names of missionaries and their Applegarth, or its data may be society was interested. fields, a Missionary Album con- taining pictures and brief bioobtained from such a book as A Chest of Joash Canvass. graphical sketches being avail- "Lady Fourth Daughter." This method of conducting an able. every-member canvass was used The last screen is removed The June METHODS will deal during the playing of a Turkish with "How to Awaken Interest melody and brings to view in Christian Work for Orientals in America." Zahia, the Mohammedan bride and her schoolmate. The sketch entitled "Zahia" is obtainable from the Baptist Literature Headquarters (price, 3 cents). As the parts would be quite long for entire memorization, they should either be condensed or else read as a letter purporting to have been written by Zahia to a schoolmate. The same may be done with Jyoti's long letter from her absent sister. In the last scene, the real American bride is aroused by

~ '~

BULLETIN OF I The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~=I==~~~~~=====================~~ Jesus said, "Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow-"

"Verily, verily / say unto you, Except a grain of wheat fall into the earth and die, it abideth by itself alone; but if it die, it beareth much fruit."

"/ am the Resurrection and the Life."

Child's Pentecost I know the Holy Ghost is glad When we enjoy the things He made: No artist could be cross and sad Who thought of rabbits in the glade, Or shining button-buds new born Within the branches of the thorn.

They say He hovered as a dove IN THE SPRING FOR.EST Above the One who loved Him best: In which thy will shall reign; that so connected with its missionary organ- I think He dwells in feathery love cruel facts may be seen to be izations. merciful facts, With little birds of many a nest- Will you endeavor to have each of Darts with the seagull through And this harsh world become thy your local societies hold a peace meet- the spray, Kingdom of Heaven. ing during the year, preferably in Oc- tober or November, using the simple Is merry in the tomtit's play. -Front "A Book of Prayers for peace program just prepared, or such Use in an Indian College." peace program as your denomination His skill it is that guides the hand is promoting? In order that there Concerning E v a may be wide participation in this plan, To draw the curve, to sew the seam: Clark Waid Me- it is urged that you ask each society morial for WorId to use one hundred stamps, one cent And His the wit to understand . Peace. E x c e r p t each (10 members each to use 10 from a recent letter stamps or 20 each to use 5 stamps). Hard sums, and His the dream written by Mis s If this idea can be carried out fully, Emma Jessie Ogg, it would mean the completion of the Of fairy things, unnamed, un- Chairman, to Home Eva Clark Waid Memorial Fund for Mission Boards: World Peace and would place the known, church women in a position to cooper- In view of increased emphasis upon ate more effectively for World Peace Seen in the woods when we're nationalism and the increasing ac- through the Council. tivity in munitions plants in the alone. United States, as well as in foreign Weare sending this to you now in countries, it seems particularly essen- order that you may channel out to Come, Spirit! not with sudden wind tial that those of us interested in your constituency- Or fighting flames of Pentecost, World Peace should lend our every effort toward furthering peace. In 1. At special spring gatherings you But in the breezes small and kind view of this special need for Christian are holding; By which the baby boughs are tost. women becoming peace-minded and Come! with Thy touchings soft peace-acting, the members of the Com- 2. For inclusion in programs of local and bright, mittee on Eva Clark Waid Memorial societies being set up in the And lift the leaflets to the light. for World Peace feel it laid upon spring for use next fall and them to bend their strength toward winter; -Evelyn Underhill. promoting peace. To this end it is suggested that every denomination 3. Through letters to local societies; A Prayer for Courage to affiliated with the Council make a 4. Through your missionary magazine Face Reality united effort to reach each individual , or other publicity channels. God of all power and Ruler of all [ 241 ] worlds, On request we could send to you a hundred Peace Stamps to be sold for Save us, we pray Thee, from empty a penny each. With every hundred sentiment, stamps, there will be a sheet of news From the impulse to cover naked facts With a false clothing of cheap and tawdry affection.

Give us a resolution to know the truth at any cost, And, having known it, to transform it into another truth, another realm of reality,

items concerning preparation for implications and foreign back- For Junior Children's Reading establishment of World Peace. grounds of a home mission sub- ject. Dr. Palmer, out of his long Rainbow Bridge, by Florence Crannell Each Christian should ask, How experience among Orientals liv- Means, author of "Ranch and Ring" much today am I advancing interna- ing in the United States and and the stories in "Children of the tional good will, and peace on earth? Hawaii, has shown how the rela- Great Spirit." tions between Americans and Work and pray ceaselessly for their neighbors of Oriental A charming reading book that peace. Prayer is the greatest weapon origin are bound up with Far will be sure to please juniors. for peace. Eastern problems of the most The Miyata children are startled critical importance. He de- by the announcement of their Fuh-tz of Hunan, China scribes the work of home mis- father that they are going to sions among the Chinese, Jap- America to live. From the mo- Little Fuh-tz of Hunan, China, anese and Filipinos on this con- ment they embark until the story writes very thoughtfully to the tinent and points out its bearing closes there is one exciting ad- American Christians, asking: upon the solution of great world venture after another. Delight- issues. fully illustrated. What is this that I hear about my people being shut out of your beautiful Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents. Cloth, $1.50,; paper, 75 cents. land, America (Mei-Kuo)?' They say something about exclusion of us and For Young People and Seniors For Leaders of Primary Groups of Japanese. I hear some folk talk about war between peoples. All I Out of the Far East, by Allan A. Oriental Friends in the United States, know about that is that war makes Hunter, author of "Facing the by Katharine Smith Adams, foreverybody unhappy and kills friends Pacific," "Youth's Adventure," "So- merly Director of Religious Educaand relatives. cial Perplexities." tion in Christ Church, Greenwich, Connecticut. Some of my Chinese friends live in A book of adventures in Chrisyour country – in San Francisco, tian friendship with Orientals in A Friendship Press text con- Cleveland, New York City. I hope to our midst. Mr. Hunter's inti- taining units of work on the study there when I grow big. Is it mate knowledge of the Far East Chinese, Japanese, and Filipinos. true that this next year many of you and of Oriental young people Teaching suggestions are given, will study how to make your people living in America enable him to as well as source material and and my people better friends? answer these questions in a way suggestions for worship. Ready that youth everywhere will find in May. Most respectfully, stimulating both by individual reading and for group discus- Boards, $1.00; paper. 75 cents. FUH-TZ. sion. For Primary Children FUH-TZ Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents. The World in a Barn, by Gertrude Orientals in the United States Land of All Nations, by Margaret R. Chandler Warner, author of "Winis the theme for home mission Seebach. dows into Alaska." study in 1934-35. The texts are: A reading book of biograph- Probably the most popular For Adults ical sketches about people of children's reading book pub- various races living in the United Ushed by the Missionary Educa- Orientals in American Life, by Albert States. Two sketches of Ori- tion Movement in recent years. W. Palmer, President Chicago The- entals. Very appropriate for use with ological Seminary; author of "The the theme of the year, as several Human Side of Hawaii," "The New Cloth, 50 cents; paper, 25 cents. of its stories relate to Oriental Christian Epic," etc. children in the United States. Gold Mountain, by Philip F. Payne, An informative study that Assistant Secretary, Presbyterian Special price, $1. starkly reveals the international Board of National Missions; in Charge of Oriental Work. Orientals in the United States Picture Sheet. If you think Orientals are in- scrutable, this book of stories A folder of pictures to be used will show the warm, human side in making posters and notebooks we neglect to discover and culti- and for classroom use. vate. Their romantic history in America begins almost with our 25 cents. Forty-Niners on the Pacific Coast and ends with American- Picture Map of the United States, 30x born Chinese and Japanese who 50 inches, to be colored by the chil- are unable to speak anything but dren. English, or live and work any- where but in America. For Pictures· of Orientals in the reading by Junior High School United States or of home mis- students. sion work may be pasted on the map at a,ppropriate places. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents. 50 cents.

Paper Dolls. The three sets: Friend- ship Cut-Outs; China Paper Dolls; Japan Paper Dolls.

Furnish excellent Oriental dolls to use in connection with any study of these races in the United States.

25 cents each set.

~' Our World–wide Outlook

~~~~~A~M~ issio~ nary= New= spa~ per o~ f Cu~ rren~ t Ev~ ents==~I~- EUROPE Christians. This group looks check equivalent to 3d from forward to making contacts with every communicant in the pres- Christian Youth in Germany all branches of W est ern bytery of Mull. Another un- Churches but particularly with known member sent in 3d for The Young People's Union of the Anglican communion The every inhabitant of his native the German Baptists was dis- Anglo-Russian Fellowship of St. parish. Another, having read of solved early in February and Alban and St. Sergius, has the death of a venerable peeress other Free Churches have been branches in England and in with 70 descendants, calculated forced to take a similar step. France and the Paris branch of that he had some 80 relations, The Wahrheitszeuge (organ of the Fellowship has a Seminar on and sent in the three penny bits the German Baptists) explains the Oxford Movement, and is for all of them. It is estimated that the dominant purpose of the making an effort to interest wid- that the response to the appeal Christian youth organization er circles of Russians in reunion. was not less. than £6500, while now dissolved was to lead the private efforts brought in anothyoung people to Christ and to -The Living Church. er £3000. A million three penny church fellowship, and to build bits exactly would have brought in £12,500. The actual year's exthem up in their faith. Uni- John Calvin's Anniversary penses were paid for in full, but forms, parades, etc. were alto- the budget was not met by about gether subordinate to these ends. American Presbyterians and £4000, since the assembly had The State has now taken over Scottish Calvinists are invited to ordered the past deficits liquicontrol of the physical and politi- join French Protestants in ob- dated at the rate of £5000 per cal training of the young so that serving the four hundred and annum. Baptist and other Free Churches twenty-fifth anniversary of the have been obliged to dissolve birth of John Calvin. The cele- Religious Interests at Geneva their young people's unions. bration will take place on July Sunday School work, devotional 10 at Noyon, a short distance Seven international religious meetings for the vroung, and all from Paris, where the birthplace organizations now maintain ofthe traditional forms of church of the great reformer has been fices or headquarters in Geneva, work for childhood and youth transformed into a Calvin muse- Switzerland. Here is the list: are not interrupted. um. The ceremony at Noyon will be the beginning of a series International Mis s ion a r y Russian Church in Paris of celebrations marking the four Council. hundredth anniversary of the The Communist control in publication of Calvin's great the- World's Committee of the Russia may have a bearing upon ological work, "The Institutes lIf Y. M. C. A. the relationship of Eastern and Religion." The Huguenot Soci- Western churches. Paris, which ety of America has promised its World's Committee of the is now the political and ecclesi- cooperation in the anniversary Y.W.C.A. astical center of Russian emi- ceremonies, and it is hoped that grants has nearly twenty par- official representatives will at- World's Student Federation. ishes, a theological college, a tend from most of the Presbyte- World Alliance for Internareligious-philosophical academy, rian Churches of the world. tional Friendship. and the Russian Student Chris- Life Work Committee of tian Movement. While the Rus- Scotch Three Penny Bits Stockholm Conference. sians carefully preserve their in- European Office for Interdividuality in religious matters, church Aid.

since the Church is to many of The receipts for the first elev- It is proposed that the World's them the last spot where they en months of 1933 being quite Sunday School Association shall can feel themselves still Rus- inadequate to maintain the work also establish an office here besians, there is a small but influ- , of the Church of Scotland on the cause "the religious education ential group which is deeply present basis, the moderator, Dl·. forces represented by it are treconvinced that exile is a unique MacLean Watt, issued an appeal mendously concerned with issues opportunity for the proper study for a million "three penny bits" such as world peace, disarmaof Western Church life; and as a Christmas offering to stave ment, anti-opium activities, pro- . that the time is ripe for real off defeat. There was wide- tection of women and children," friendship and cooperation be- spread response. Someone at all of which are of concern to the t.ween Eastern and Western once anonymously sent in a League of Nations.

-Missions.

[ 243 ]

Six. Thousand Pastors Refuse lished in Lisbon, under the direc- course for the promoting of the tion of Dr. Hatcher. Native spread of the Gospel) which is In Old Testament times 7,000 Baptists are showing themselves still active, and is now 220 years capable leaders and are doing a old. men refused to bow the knee to notable work. Their latest Baal. In Germany the number achievement was the dedication This society was founded by of a church house in the city of Pastor Bone Falck Ronne in is nearer 6,000. What had come Leiria, the gift of two native June 17, 1821, assisted by the to be regarded as an unimpeded Portuguese, which in the United gifts of the royal family. Until march toward a totalitarian States would cost not less than the society had its own work esstate, is finding its first serious $75,000. More than 400 attend tablished in India and later also services weekly in this new in China, its monies were sent to check in the reported revolt of house of worship. Portuguese the mission house in Basel where 6,000 Lutheran pastors, who ob- Baptists are also supporting a Danish students received their ject to the "Aryan clause" in the missionary in Africa. training.

Christian Church. They refuse -Watchman-Examiner. AFRICA to have the Bible, and especially A Missionary Centennary Situation in the Congo the Old Testament, revised so as to conform to Nazi doctrines. The Rhenish Mission this year The Rev. Emory Ross, Execu- With true Luther spirit, they are celebrates the 100th birthday of tive Secretary of the Congo Protprotesting against the curtail- the veteran missionary Nom- estant Council which includes mensen, who was born on a small thirty-five Protestant missions ment of religious liberty. On the island near Schleswig, in the working in Belgian Congo, came first Sunday in January, accord- same year when the two Ameri- to America last December, pre- can missionaries, Munson and senting the serious situation in ing to press reports, from thou- Lyman, were murdered in the Equatorial Africa. Religio-posands of pulpits in Germany they jungles of Sumatra. He was litical coalitions threaten the honored with a decoration by the continuance of all evangelical proclaimed to their congrega- government of the Dutch East work. Dr. Thomas S. Donohugh, tions that "resistance to tyranny Indies and a doctor's degree by Secretary of the Board of Foris obedience to God." the university of Bonn, but noth- eign Missions of the Methodist ing seemed to him so big and so Episcopal Church, and chairman The New York Times makes important as the fact, that after of the African Committee of the he had passed his long life as the Foreign Missions Conference, this observation, pointing out first missionary among canni- says: "There is an urgency bals amid constant dangers, the about this appeal from the Belthat this is of more significance Christians of Sumatra numbered gian Congo. The Roman Cath- 180,000. olic Church recognizes this opthan a mere modern phase of portunity to such an extent that Danish Mission Society it has put 500 additional workers the historic struggle between in the Congo in the last three In January this society was years. During this period Prot- Church and State: "The Protes- also one hundred years old. The estant Missions have suffered a Dansk Missionsblad published decline, and there is real danger tant pastors are saying things facsimile pages of the number of that they may be crowded out of Jan. 1, 1834, and gave the his- the field, although they have that drive at the very heart of tory of the leaders who have had gathered a constituency of ap- the editing of the mission paper proximately 500,000 in the past the Hitler doctrine. To fight for in hand. fifty years, one of the largest proportionate in-gatherings in freedom of religious thought is It is to the credit of Danish the history of missions. The Christians, that Protestant mis- need and opportunity for careto fight for freedom of thought. sions began more than 200 years fully planned and wisely admin- ago, when a Danish king sent istered religious education is ap- …… Civil freedom has disap- out the first Halle missionaries, parent, and if the need is not met Ziegenbalg and Pluetschau. quickly it may pass away from peared. This religious revolt Again, a Danish king, Frederick evangelical Christianity." the IV, and later FredericK gives the opportunity, with good VI, provided for the spread of Dr. John R. Mott is going to Christianity in East and West the Congo for a series of Concause and on a fair pretext, to India, and among the northern ferences in June. Finns and the people of Greenshow resentment and resistance land. The latter king ordered the Consecrated Gasoline Cans founding of A Collegium de to the excesses of the Nazi move- Cursu Evangelii Promovendo (a In conducting a communion service at Bailundo, West Africa, ment." The world is finding out that 2,000 years have not changed the truth that "where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty." -Missions.

Brazilian Baptists in Portugal In 1907 Brazilian Baptists organized their first National Convention and appointed a Board of Foreign Missions. Millions of Portuguese live in that country, so these Brazilian Baptists began operations in Portugal. In 1911 the Brazilian Baptist Convention appointed Rev. John .J. Oliveira and his wife as the first missionaries to Portugal, fully supported by Brazilian Baptist churches. Six houses of worship have been erected, and a theological school is at present estab-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Rev. Henry A. Neipp found that ing up good children. There is a Mission Centennial there were only four cups for junior branch under the name use among several hundred na- of "Sunbeams." On April 18, one hundred tive Christians. In this same years ago, the first five missiondistrict he had just waged an There are four Wayfarer aries of the Berlin Mission Soenergetic war against tuber:cu- laws: ciety landed at the Cape of Good losis which is responsible for a Hope, and on September 24 of high death rate in Angola. He 1. A Wayfarer does her duty to the same year founded Bethany, at once set to work on the prob- God. the first mission station in lem, and solved it by having na- Orange Free State. The work tive tinsmiths cut up empty gas- 2. A Wayfarer helps others and is at present is carried on through olene cans and make then into a friend to animals. fifty-five main stations, with 436 cylindrical cups one and a half outposts and 1,156 preaching inches high· and three fourths 3. A Wayfarer always does her places, organized in five synods. inches wide. Next the cups were best in work and play. The field is manned by 113 made rust proof by paint and European workers, of whom disinfected in boiling water. 4. A Wayfarer is clean in thought, fifty are ordained missionaries, word and deed. and by nine hundred native Chief Tshekedi workers, of whom fifty-two are Honors are obtained in the five ordained pastors. The total bap- Chief Tshekedi of the Bam- main ways: (1) The Home Way tized membership is 76,827. angwato tribes, British Bechu- includes proficiency in household Twenty-five thousand nine hunanaland, whose banishment a arts. (2) The High Way calls dred and forty-five pupils are enyear ago aroused international for familiarity with surround- rolled in 369 schools. attention, has been reinstated in ings, nature study and athletic office and was warmly welcomed training. (3) For the Health -Lutheran News Service. by his people. Way, nursing hygiene, mother craft and child nurse vocations Football with Hymns The Christian chieftain was are stressed. (4) The Hand Way banished by a local British court calls for skill in basketry, simple In "Modern Industry and the for flogging a white man who toy construction, pottery, house African," J. Merle Davis says: had mistreated native women- decoration. (5) The Heart Way a flogging it was acknowledged requires an acquaintance with If outlets for recreational and emothat he richly deserved. The the Old and New Testament and tional instincts are not provided for Chief was subsequently reinstat- the memorization of chosen pas- the African he will aevise his own. ed by King George. sages. The sports day of a Christian village in Northern Rhodesia revealed a lack Prince George of England, In a recent rally at Pieters- of adequate channels for expressing who is making a tour of South burg, South Africa, Lady Clar- enthusiasm. The football umpire, Africa visited the chief in March endon, wife of the Governor who was a mission evangelist, carried and received a royal welcome. General said : "Wayfaring is one a large Bible, as badge of authority, Prince George shook hands with way of learning what God wants and held it aloft as the signal for Tshekedi and his mother, Queen us to do, and remember always, opening play. Between quarters the Semane, whose dramatic appeal that it is not color that counts players stood in line and sang hymns to the king on her son's behalf, with God, but character. Al- or beat drums. brought about his reinstatement. ready a great company having learned in the Way themselves, The spectators sometimes greeted African Girl "Wayfarers" are working to bring Light and the winning team by singing "The Hope and Joy to their own peo- Son of God Goes Forth to War," "Wayfaring" is a movement ple.-E. M. (Schaffer. while the defeated side would be conamong Negro girls in Africa soled with "Art thou weary, art thou somewhat similar to the "Girl -Congo Mission News. languid, art thou sore distressed?" Guide" organization in Europe. The Girl Wayfarers Association Statue of Livingstone -Missionary Herald. is a Christian organization, non- Christian girls not being eligible The big bronze statue of David WESTERN ASIA for membership. The aims are Livingstone which will soon be to help the girls of non-European standing near Victoria Falls is Palestine Becoming Modern races of South Africa to become having its passage guaranteed better Christians by training by the kindly hands of Scots, Norman Bentwich, a Jewish them in habits of truthfulness, and others, out of regard for the writer of Palestine, calls Great obedience, helpfulness, industry work and character of the mi;3- Britain the deliverer of both and courtesy; teaching services sionary whom it represents. The Arabs and Jews from the misand handcrafts useful to others Union Castle Steamship Com- government of the Turks. Here as well as to themselves; pro- pany will carry the statue free to are some of the benefits that moting their physical develop- Beira, and the Rhodesia Rail- came with the British mandate: ment, and making them good ways and the British South Af- Many good roads have been built. home makers, capable of bring- rican Company have agreed Jerusalem has four asphalt roads jointly to bear the cost of rail- radiating from it. Automobiles way transport over the former's are numerous. It took one whole system. It seems probable that day before the World War to the unveiling of the statue may travel the distance which now be arranged for August of this can be covered in one hour. It is year. -L. M. S. Chronicle. possible to motor from Dan to

Beersheba in five hours. Old twice from six o'clock until bed- Assam. Thirty years ago they railroads have been improved time we put the class in charge were head hunters. Now most and new ones have been con- for an entire day. They did of these people have become structed. There are now 774 everything, except teaching the Christians, and the changes miles of railways in Palestine. classes, from ringing the rising which Christianity has wrought A survey has been made for a bell at six in the morning, until among them are marvelous. line to run through the Jordan they rang for lights at nine Their superb music made a deep valley. A railroad has been pro- o'clock that night. They con- impression in all the places they jected to run from Haifa to Bag- ducted prayers, both in the upper visited. Besides singing their dad. Haifa is being made a safe school and in the primary de- own Lushai songs, they rendered harbor for the largest vessels. partment, dismissed classes, selections from classical music, Important sanitary measures proctored study hours, took the such as the Hallelujah chorus have been inaugurated. Malaria girls in to meals, asked the bless- from Handel's Messiah, and is being stamped out by draining ing, kept order in the dining brought fresh spiritual uplift the marshes. There is a cam- room and elsewhere, conducted and encouragement to many who paign against trachoma. Good the recreation period, all with a heard them sing. drinking water is being provided. quiet dignity which made us Jerusalem will have an abundant proud of them. This was not Music for Head-Hunters supply of good drinking water by done by a few outstanding stu- 1935. Civil and religious courts dents, but some part was as- At the meeting of the Naga have been established. There is signed to everyone of the thirty- Baptist Association a former freedom of conscience and wor- five in the class." head-hunter told how the veteran ship. No discrimination exists Dr. E. W. Clark taught the headon account of race, religion or Spiritual Gains in Arabia hunting tribes of Assam to sing language. many years ago. He said: The Arabian Mission, Re- -Presbyterian Advance. formed Church in America, The hymns differed so from our sends this encouraging report: war songs, which were sung in a Twelve Centuries of Depression monotone and accompanied with much The spiritual gains this year have motion, so that it was impossible for The National Council of the been enormous. Let me cite them: us to sing and yet stand still. So Episcopal Church says that in Five adults and two children bap- Dr. Clark devised a simple folk-dance Palestine th'e depression has tized, two or possibly three baptisms to the tune of "Jesus Loves Me" and lasted 1,200 years instead of five, in the near future, earnest enquirers by this method we learned many other and that the need is obvious for in practically every station, good Christian hymns. After a long time restoring spiritual and intellec- news from those who have confessed we learned to stand quietly while we tual life after these centuries of Him, and all of this spread through- sang, and now we are proud of the Moslem domination. In a total out the various stations of the Mis- songs that Jesus has put into our population of something over sion. With the above, we have re- hearts. 1,000,000 there are more than minded ourselves that new territory 90,000 Christians, and the ma- has been reached by missionaries; One of the outstanding feajority of them are of the Eastern Dhofar and Taif by men and Nejd by tures of the Association meeting Churches, Orthodox, Armenian, women for the first time. New build- was the singing of the 3,000 Syrian and others. The Anglican ings have been erected, greater delegates present. group numbers about 5,000. crowds attend preaching services, giv- Episcopal work among all these, ing greater opportunities for the pres- Duel With an Idol with a staff of thirty-five clergy entation of the message. The health and numbers of lay workers, na- of the missionaries has been good on Rev. Clarence Wolsted, of tive and foreign, includes over the whole, insuring a greater continu- Manamadura, South India, tells forty churches and missions, ity of the work. Weare deeply of the picturesque way one bold seven hospitals, fifteen schools. thankful for these manifestations of Hindu convert professed his Work among Moslems is mostly the presence of His Spirit in our Christianity: "Having made his in the initial stage of removing work, and our prayer is that the year decision, Jeyavelu announced It prejudice against Christianity, to come may be another of spiritual to his family and friends. Said largely through medical and edu- progress for all of us. they: 'Some terrible disaster cational work. will come to you. Make peace -Christian Intelligencer. with the gods before they take Student Government in Beirut revenge on you.' INDIA "The American Mis s ion " 'What gods?' asked Jeyavelu. School for Girls has been trying Transformed in Thirty Years They pointed to the idols, wherean experiment," writes O'Hara upon he ran and pushed one over M. Horne in Syria News. "The A singular demonstration of on the ground. The family extop class seemed steady enough, the transforming power of pected to see him struck dead inand after testing them by giv- Christianity was given in some stantly, but nothing happened. ing them charge of the school cities of North India by the visit Evening came and still nothing of a choir composed entirely of happened. The father and Lushai young men and women, mother did not expect their son arranged by the Student Chris- to survive the night. However, tian Movement. The Lushais next morning Jeyavelu was as are a primitive tribe living in the mountainous regions of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

robust as ever. Jeyavelu called have you in your congregation?" are loving to me. My circle of friendon the villagers to leave the use- "Only one at present, but when ship included those of the same mind less stone image and join the and views. But this trip taught me Christians. The villagers re- we had our harvest festival every to love those whose views are diaplied, 'Beware or the terrible seat in the church was full. metrically opposite to mine. To love Karuppanasamy will get you.' When I came to live here I was all at all times has been revealed to the only Christian in the place, me as the true Christian spirit. "'We will try him out,' said and no one would listen to me, Jeyavelu, 'I will go and sleep be- but I thought if the people see Still another was "checked up" side the fierce Karuppanasamy that I build a house for the with this thought: If you had for several nights.. If he is able Christian God they will take no- enough of the love of Christ, you let him kill me.' tice of my message. I shall never would not be irritated. "It took rest till they have found the Lord agony of prayer and thought to "Some Christians feared that Jesus for themselves." see it. It cost much struggle some fanatical Hindu might but oh the joy of surrendering strike a blow in the dark to -The Golden Shore. the irritability to Him who can avenge the god. really take it away! Personally, Harvests in Pasumalai it was easy for me to see that if "But Jeyavelu slept beside the others have enough of the love much-feared idol night after To an outcaste village ten of Christ, they will not be irrinight, proving that idols are only miles from Pasumalai, India, tated but it was hard for me to stone." -Missionary Herald. came a widow who had chosen discover this truth for myself." the Christ-way while living in A Christian Sadhu Ceylon. So devoted and love- CHINA filled was her life that soon A sadhu of Mangalore, a con- twenty others came to the Encouraging Facts vert of the London Missionary church in Pasumalai for bap- Society, has taken the name, tism, saying, "We want the The new Directory of Foreign "Lover of the Cross," and Saviour which she has." About Missions reveals a decided adwanders all over India preach- a dozen of Pasumalai's finest vance of Christian missions in ing the Gospel. He has devel- lads, mostly from high-caste China, especially during the last oped the power of song, and homes, who have lived for sev- two years. It also shows a intersperses his address with eral years now with Christians, marked advance in cooperation. Indian lyrical music. His theme have decided to become Chris- For example, the Church of is the Victorious Life by obeying tians themselves. "We wish to Christ in China is the outgrowth the word of Jesus, to "Love your renounce idolatry," they said, of mission work done by 16 sepenemies, bless them that curse "to worship a god of justice and arate denominations from six you, do good to them that hate love, and to unite with Chris- countries, not including the efyou, and pray for them that de- tians everywhere in following forts of the Chinese themselves. spitefully use you and persecute Christ." -Missionary Herald. In 1932 this body had 821 oryou." He has been tested by per- ganized churches and 1,204 other secution, but holds fast to his Learning Through Fellowship preaching places; 334 ordained message. -Ralph Robertson. Chinese pastors, 1,088 evangel- A Burmese college girl writes istic workers and 120,676 mem- Building for God in Koinonia of what she learned bers. Into the southwestern through the fellowship in the province of Yunnan and into The Bishop of Accra, while Gospel Team. 'Manchuria, or Manchukuo, the resting under a tree, in an iso- Chinese Home Missionary Solated district, noticed a little I am by nature a cheerful person ciety, composed of 100 auxbuilding about ten feet long, with and have no difficulty in getting along iliaries, sends its missionaries. a cross on it. Further inspection with people. But now that I know Ninety-eight per cent of all revealed that this was a church what it is to be in a group, bound to- monies contributed in 1932 came within which was a rough altar, gether in the love of Christ with one direct from the Chinese. a hand-made cross, and three purpos~ne for the others and all little bamboo seats. As the for Christ-I can see that my idea of The Christian Educational bishop stood in the tiny sanc- Fellowship before, was pretty shallow. Association is composed of 11 tuary, a man rushed in, hot and I am now learning to go deeper in fel- provincial education organizadirty. He had heard of the lowship with Christ, and my brothers tions. Its membership is made bishop's arrival, and had come and sisters. Now I know what it is up of educators from almost all from his work on the land to ask to have freedom in Christ. denominations. The Christian for a blessing. Publishers' Association repre- One of the Karen leaders dis- sents 20 separate publishing "And who are you?" asked the covered, as follows: houses. Six of the largest misbishop. sionary societies working. in This Indian tour tested me and China have united to promote "I am the owner of the house," gave me many opportunities to detect economy in financial transache answered, "I built it with my my own defects as a Christian. See- tions, forming the Associated own hands, and I am the leader ing and acknowledging my own faults Mission Treasurers. The Naof the Church." and failures, is half as good as reach- ing the goal. Indeed, "Thy dross to "And how many Christians conSume and thy gold to refine," has come home to me with added force. To be specific, I can love those who

tional Christian Council repre- items, written in legible hand JAPAN-KOREA sents 24 organizations, and in simple language, to be posted equally important are other co- on the walls of village schools or Christianizing a Custom operating groups. Here are churches. These villages have no mail service or newspapers; Typically Japanese is the ansome of the resultant facts: even the teachers and well-to-do cient custom of placing offerings there is one Christian Chinese farmers know nothing of what on the "god-shelf" in memory of to every 1,000 population. Of is going on in the world outside. the departed, and of repeating To combat the evils of drink, the gifts at frequent intervals. the present outstanding Chinese gambling, drugs and the like, and A Christian woman in Sendai, to introduce ideas of hygiene, the whose little daughter died three leaders, one is a Christian to students again jump on their years ago has an offering box in every six non-Christians. And, bikes and pedal forth with which from time to time she as an indirect influence of Chris- charts, books and illustrated lec.; places money she would have tianity, in 1920-21 the Chinese tures. -Missionary Herald. spent for a toy or some other article or entertainment for the people contributed 66 % of the Christian Broadcasting little girl if she had lived. On the anniversary of her daugh- $37,000,000 spent in this great The Chinese Recorder gives an ter's death she presents the account of the opening of a whole amount to the Church as constructive work. Eleven years Christian radio station in Shang- a memorial offering. later, in 1932, the Chinese con- hai. The station is located in the tributed 95 <fa of the $73,000,000 heart of the city, its studio being Children's Bible Clubs spent for famine and flood relief. a part of the Christian Litera- ture Society building. At pres- There are now thirteen Chil- -A. L. Warnshuis. ent, the programs can be heard drens' Bible Clubs in Pyengyang in Shanghai, Hangchow, Ningpo City with an enrolment of about China Inland Development and Soochow. An increase in 1500, with half a dozen addition- power to make these broadcasts al such schools in country places, Since 1927 the establishment available throughout Eastern bringing the total number of of self-governing, self-support- China is to follow. The pro- children enrolled to above two grams are carefully prepared, thousand. The Bible is the basis ing churches has been the basis and include discussions of social of all studies except arithmetic. problems, character building Nature study and First Aid are of all policies of the China In- talks for children, health talks also taught, and there is a daily land Mission. Some dead wood given by mission doctors, short prayer hour. One period a day talks on "World Trends," home is devoted to physical exercise. was cut out, but since then there betterment talks, sermons, perhas been a new spirit manifest. sonal testimonies, and much The leaders of these Bible music. Family prayers are Clubs are students of the Union Today, of thirty-four churches, ten broadcast every morning. Christian College of Korea. Thirty of them direct Clubs are wholly self-supporting while others Toward Self-Support daily and teach in the afternoons and evenings. However, a few are yearly progressing toward this The Episcopal Missionary Dis- clubs are led by the students of trict of Shanghai is undertaking the Boys' Academy, Theological end. On the other hand employed to gradually achieve support of Seminary, and Women's Higher its thirty native clergy, all but Bible School. Some local church workers are comparatively few: the three of whom are supported by young people assist also. the National Council. The diochurches of the whole field are only cese now offers to accept a stead- Rev. Francis Kinsler in writ- ily diminishing amount for this ing of this work says: "News employing twenty-four workers, men work for twenty-five years ac- of what we are doing has spread cording to a carefully worked far and wide and the advertiseand women; of these, fourteen are en- out scale, until, after 1958, the ment thus received is now a bit Chinese work in the diocese will disconcerting. A letter came tirely supported from church funds be self-supporting. The plan as from a distant country town say- worked out is the result of many ing that twelve young boys there and others only partly from foreign years of study in China and in heard of our clubs and wanted the foreign missions department, to make connections with us. sources. It should be added that there and will make it possible for One boy wrote from the far each congregation to do its ut- Northeast, Ham-Kyung Provare a number of voluntary workers most, yet have what it lacks ince, to know the price of board made up from the central fund and room in the Bible Clubs; giving whole or part time in the serv- until full support is reached. two boys put in their appearance from the territory of one of our ice of the church. In the case of one itinerating missionaries, desir- ing to begin study at once. We church, wholly served by voluntary workers, the mission has confidently handed over to it the property in recognition of its spirituality and efficiency. '

-The Chinese Recorder.

School on Wheels "Vaseline, aspirin, castor oil and iodine"-this is not a college yell, just four of the twelve medicines which go into wooden boxes and are carried from Paotingfu School by young men who have successfully completed a course in first aid and lay "doctoring," and who go out during summer vacation to the villages where they vaccinate and give aid to people who receive them hospitably. "Road work" is an effective form of social service, and might be called a "school on wheels." Students use their bicycles to carry important news

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

have requests to begin clubs in is held amid the sipping of Jap- Christians. The past year has Seoul district and in the North anese tea and the munching of been one of organization, and thin wafers, and the speaker h; next will come a constructive Pyeng An Presbyteries."

plied with questions from his program. The account of a re- Memorial to Gospel Ship audience. cent :meeting in Taichu will give Through the sale of the Fu- Here all varieties of political some indication of the kind of kuin Maru, Gospel ship of the belief, from anarchy to fascism, things young people plan to do. have been aired, and here phi- Inland Sea, five new churches Six things are listed as impor- losophies from materialism to tant work for their society are being erected on the islands. the reputed synthesis of Zen to s p 0 n s 0 r. 1. Evangelism; Buddhism and Hegelian idealism Mrs. Topping, daughter of Cap- preaching in city streets and out- have been defended. Usually, lying villages. 2. Religious edutain Luke Bickel who gave his however, the conversation works around to religion where again cation; cooperation with Sunlife for the Islanders, reports day school program, form Bible- many views have been presented. reading groups. 3. Divide into the dedication of the third ~f Strangely e n 0 ugh, although groups for purposes of visiting these churches. Christians came there have been many who were Christian homes; holding cot- tage prayer meetings. 4. Athfor the ceremony from many indifferent to the claims of re- letics; ping-pong, swimming, ligion, and some who were anneighboring islands; many town tagonistic, yet there have been hikes. 5. Music; church choir, none to champion either Bud- village or city street hymn evandignitaries as well. The Secre- dhism or Shinto. The only ear- gelism. 6. Assist in marriage tary of the Japan Baptist Con- nest defender of the former con- cluded his argument saying that and funeral services. vention was there. -The Chinese Recorder. while he was a Buddhist he was Each of the five memorial churches has helped to finance its own construction, and all these funds were secured in less -Missions. than a year.

"Fellowship House,". Kyoto also a Christian. Stamps for Religious Work -The Christian Graphic. North of the campus of Im- The Dutch East Indies Govperial University in Kyo t 0 An Educator's Appraisal ernment has printed a set of ofstands a house with a metal sign ficial stamps for use on letters, bearing the inscription "Fellow- The recent death of Leigh the profit on which goes to the ship House," is open to students Hunt, an educator who organ- Salvation Army for their work daily from ten till ten. Fellow- ized "American Mines of North among lepers and beggar boys ship House is the home of a mis- Korea," recalls his testimony in Java and Sumatra. It is the sionary family of the Presby- printed in the Los Angeles Times first time in history that profits terian Church who have been as- in 1927: from stamps will go to religious signed to work among students. work. There are four stamps in The location is strategic for stu- I am one hundred per cent for the the series, showing the Army at dent contacts, as nine or ten in- missionaries. While I am not in the work in different ways. They stitutions of high school or col- least fitted to appraise the value of are sold at a slight advance on lege rank lie in this neighbor- their religious teachings in these cost, and are cancelled at the hood. The house is built as an oriental countries, I believe I am com- post offices with a stamp urging ordinary missionary home, but petent to express an opinion on the the public to buy "Salvation with a large, double room which general results of their work, as I Army stamps, and so help the serves as library, study, class have had ample opportunity to observe work in our land." room, recreation center and on them in Africa, China and Korea. occasion church and auditorium. Briefly, I respect them as the pioneers -Philippine Evangelist. Many levels of fellowship are of a better civilization in these back- ward countries. It has become quite The Philippine "Code" fashionable for globe trotters to criti- cise the missionaries and to point to them as trouble makers. Rather are they peacemakers as I view them, but known at this house, but the one unfortunately they are often used as a Evangelical churches of the "with the Father, and with his pretext by designing men for making Philippine Islands formed a code Son Jesus Christ" is the high trouble. . . . thirty years before political pargoal which the name suggests. ties ever thought of the idea. Little credit given for their great accomplishments. . . . When the true On the first Sunday of each story of the missionary in the Far This was the "Evangelical Union month a union student worship East is written he will be given credit of the Philippine Islands." The service, organized and conducted for blazing the trails into many wild by the Christian young people places for commerce to sneak in after first missionaries sent to the all danger was past. Philippines, Dr. James B. Rod- of the city working in conjunc- -Korea Mission Field. gers and Dr. David S. Hibbard, tion with the student associa- who arrived in 1899, were soon tions, is held here, and on other ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIO followed by missionaries of sev- Sundays a more informal serv- en denominations from America. ice is held, which takes its name News from Formosa In addition there were two Bible from the fact that after a brief From here and there in dif- Societies and the Y. M. C. A. address usually by an outside ferent parts of Formosa come In 1901 the churches on the speaker, a round table discussion reports of activity among young field formed the Evangelical

Union of the Philippine Islands. et of the S. V. M., (2) The the depression in this country or The preamble states that its pur- Movement's Twelfth Quadren- other circumstances beyond their pose was to secure economy, nial Convention (1935 – 1936) , control. This means care of the comity and efficiency in their (3) Christian Missions Abroad. sick, financial assistance, secur- service for the Kingdom of ing of employment, etc.

Christ in this archipelago." Philanthropy Drops, Relief Maintain relationship with They divided up the islands and Rises government, churches, the "Y"

provinces among the denomina- A "Fund-Raising" firm of con- and civic bodies in behalf of fortions, and gave to each a portion sultants, which keeps a record eign students.

of territory where it alone was of public gifts and bequests for Promote friendship and a responsible for the establish- religious and philanthropic pur- spirit of conciliation between ment of the evangelical faith in racial and nati'onal groups of poses, reports that such gifts in students, and pre-eminently, bethe hearts of the people. Manila 1933 were $6,411,311 as com- tween all foreign students and was necessarily common ground. pared with $14,777,747 in 1932. Americans through discussion groups, forums, and interna- This Union has functioned so Gifts for all forms of philan- tional week-ends in suburban well that practically all evangel- thropy dropped from $176,008,- churches. ical churches at work in the 914 to $142,543.547. Organized Child Labor islands have either united with relief rose, while gifts for eduit or cooperated in a whole- It is estimated that the new cation fell from $59,498,928 to industrial codes have released hearted way. The British and $14,552,988. Bequests far ex- 100,000 children under sixteen Foreign Bible Society turned years from industry. Another over its work to the American ceeded direct gifts. The reports 30,000 boys and girls sixteen to cover New York, Philadelphia, eighteen years have been re- Bible Society, and withdrew for Chicago, Baltimore, Washington the sake of economy and comity. and Boston. The Union is now called the Na- -Christian Advocate. tional Christian Council. moved foom especially hazardous -Presbyterian Advance. For Friendly Relations work. On the other hand, there NORTH AMERICA The years since the foundation are still approximately 240,000 of the Friendly Relations Com- children under sixteen years Cent-a-Meal Plan mittee in 1911 have seen the first working in occupations not cov- This plan, launched early in survey of foreign students in the ered by codes. Those children February by the Student Volun- United States published, the first are employed largely in industeers, has met with enthusiastic guide book for incoming stu- trialized agriculture, such as the response. It offers a unique way dents from abroad prepared, the production of sugar beets, cotof sharing in the cause of mis- plan of special gatherings for ton, tobacco, and truck farm sions. A Texas Student Volun- foreign students by Chambers of products, in street trades, espeteer in sending to headquarters Commerce, civic organizations, cially newspaper selling, and in a list of fourteen Cent-a-Meal and church Federations initiated domestic service. contributors writes: "Most of and national organizations of Following a custom of nearly us in the above list are planning Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Fili- 30 years, January 27-29, "Child to pause for one minute of pino, Latin American, East In- Labor Day" was designated by prayer for missions each time dian and Russian students in the the National Child Labor Comwe drop in a penny." Two Un- U. S. A. developed. The Friend- mittee. ion presidents are putting into ly Relations Committee has also -Watchman-Examiner.

the boxes an additional amount pioneered in holding internation- Methodist Schools equal to every nickel spent on al conferences and institutes, atcandy, movies or other "luxuries." tended annually by more than Dr. Frederick Carl Eiselen, 500 foreign students from 60 Corresponding Secretary of the So many pennies have been countries. Methodist Board of Education, put in the Cent-a-meal boxes of in his annual report gave the latthe United Church of Canada Here are some of the things est student enrolment of Meththat the government has had to odist educational institutions as ask the church officials to release the Committee is doing today: follows: them more frequently. There Provide port service and were not enough left for business Students purposes. Uncle Sam is asked friendly welcome for foreign students in New York, San Universities ……………. 33,177 to mint an extra supply. Almost Francisco and Seattle. Nation- Colleges ……………….. 16,896 a thousand attractive wooden wide plan of field visitation dealboxes have been placed in the Graduate School of Theology. 932 United States, and the money so ing face to face with foreign Junior Colleg-es …………. 631 students, faculty and other lead- Affiliated Colleges ………. 438 Secondary Schools ………. 2,950 ers on all matters affecting the Training- Schools ……….. 308 life of students from other lands. received will be apportioned Unclassified ……………. 41 equally among the following Meet emergency needs of for- Schools for Negroes ……… 2,932 eign students due to disturbed causes: (1) The Current Budg- conditions in their homelands, Total …………….. ~8~05

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Dr. Merrill J. Holmes reports turban and on the turban was a the Horner Institute of Fine that public ,high schools for Ne- blue crescent. Three fezzed gen- Arts in Kansas City, Kansas, but groes are rapidly increasing in tlemen-on their vests the sym- because he was a Negro he was the Southern states. College en- bolic numeral 7 pierced by a not allowed to sit on the platrolment in Methodist schools for crescent – appeared in Mrs. form the day that Henry J. Al- Negroes has increased from 855 Smith-Bey's defense. They took len, Governor of Kansas, dis- in 1923 to 2,699 in 1933. During their oaths not on the Bible but tributed the diplomas. Yet one the past school year there were by Allah, holding up two fingers of his compositions was played 4,018 students enrolled in these of the right hand and five of the on that occasion!

schools, 2,699 of whom were of left. They invoked to their aid The 1930 "Who's Who" in- college rank, 374 in professional the principles of religious liber- cludes the names of 97 Negroes schools, 487 in high school de- ty set forth in the Constitution. who have achieved distinction, partments, and 468 in special -N. Y. Times. and made the world better for courses. having contributed something -The Christian Advocate. Hindu Missions to America toward its advancement. -The Presbyterian. Lutheran Laymen's Movement According to Hinduism, the Indian Contributions Increase benighted condition of the people The Laymen's Missionary of the United States calls for the Notwithstanding the drouth "Ramakrishna Mission of Hin- and grasshopper plague of the Movement of the United Lutheran Church in America, with duism," with India as its head- summer of 1933 and the increasheadquarters in Washington, D. quarters, to maintain ten inde- ing poverty of the Indians in C., has done much to promote pendent mission centers in the South Dakota, the Indian field cities of our land. These centers gave five per cent more last year stewardship education. In fact, that is its major objective. Ex- are to be found in New York than in 1932 for the Episcopal ecutive Secretary Arthur Black (2) , Washington, Providence, Church's program; and its quota payments were proporhas just announced comparisons Boston, Chicago, Portland, Ore., of the total requests for Every- tionately more than the pay- San Francisco, Hollywood and ments in the white field. Member Visitation literature in La Crescenta, Calif. Swani Nik- 1931-32-33. In the first year hilanda, in charge of one of the -The Living Church. 1,821 -pastors out of 3,500 or- New York stations, is authority dered pamphlets. The following for this list of "mission fields." Youth Movement in Canada year there was a slump to -Lutheran News Service. 1,700; but in 1933 – notwith- Believing that something is standing depression conditions- Negro Achievements fundamentally wrong with our 1,878 parishes of the United present human society, religious Lutheran Church gave their peo- Dr. George Washington Car- leaders in the Dominion of Canple promotional literature. ver, once a slave, equipped a lab- ada are launching what is to be oratory at Tuskegee from old known as "The Christian Com- Another work in which the scraps which he rescued from monwealth Youth Movement," Laymen's'Movement takes pride trash heaps; he has made land, which is a carefully planned atis the Student Beneficiary As- which produced a net loss of tempt to band together the older sistance. Eighteen of its boys $16.25 an acre, annually pay a young people in a nonpartisan were graduated from seminaries profit; has made synthetic mar- and undenominational movein 1933. At the close of the year, ble from wood shavings; insu- ment, towards spiritual advancesixteen of them had been placed lating walls for houses from ment. It is announced that this in full-time service in the peanut shells; fertilizer from is not to be a new organization, Church. They came from all sec- the muck of swamps; milk, but- but a social-religious movement, tions of the United States and ter, cheese, candy, instant coffee, having as its objective "a seriare serving both in the United pickles, sauces; oils, shaving lo- ous, adventurous, modern cru- States and Canada. tions, wood stains, dyes, lard, sade to achieve a new society."

Moslem Sabbath Recognized linoleum, flour, breakfast food, There is to be no interference stock foods, face powder, sham- with existing organizations, but Moslem children in the Bronx, poo, printers' ink, axle grease the movement will be an "all- New York, need no longer go to and tan remover from peanuts uniting agency," spiritually, in school on Friday, since a Bronx and 118 products from sweet po- all worthy efforts to make a court has recognized the Mo- tatoes. Christian land. Machinery is to hammedan Sabbath. The deci- Levi Dawson. leader of the be kept at a minimum, and the sion is regarded as a precedent. Tuskegee choir, has lately con- movement is to be fostered and The test case was that of Mrs. signed to Leopold Stokowski, encouraged largely through the Smith-Bey, native of South Car- leader of the Philadelphia Or- churches.

olina, who was charged with chestra, the first symphony ever Observers everywhere point keeping her four children from composed by a Negro writing out that there are two marked school every Friday since Christ- Negro music. Mr. Dawson was developments among young peo- mas. In court she wore a red graduated with first honors by ple in recent years. One is a

very, pronounced dissatisfaction would save Mexico. Once or twice a critical financial situation a with things as they are; the each week there appears in one of the letter was sent to all the other is willingness to enlist largest daily papers in Mexico an churches in South America, wholeheartedly in a movement editorial by an internationally-known which directly owe their foundathat can challenge their enthu- Protestant Mexican in which moral, tion to this Union. The situation siasm and energy. social, educational, even political was explained to them, and questions are discussed from the Scripture was quoted, remind- -Christian Observer. evangelical point of view. ing them that the churches founded in Paul's missionary LATIN AMERICA There seems also among the women journeys had contributed "to the a marked development of interest in necessity of the Saints at J eru- Spiritual First Aid the study of the Bible, evangelism, salem." The spirit shown in the social reforms, the betterment of their response is illustrated in the fol- Seven hundred pounds of homes, and better still, a deepening in lowing letter from an Argentine books were recently sent to their prayer life and a greater sense church: Puerto Rico as the gift of sev- of responsibility for the unsaved. eral pastors and seminary pro- This church has had a special servfessors to Presbyterian pastors -Presbyterian Survey. ice today to give thanks for all the of that island. Thirty-four or- blessings received through the kind dained Presbyterian pastors, all Encouragement from and self-sacrificing brethren in your native born, are in charge of the country during the last thirty years. Presbyterian parishes in the Guatemala Truly God has been with us. We have eastern part of Puerto Rico. been able to carry the Gospel to They are well educated and men- The work of the Guatemala neighboring towns where today there tally alert. In the poverty of Presbyterian Mission was never are flourishing and active churches. their people they share and so prosperous from a spiritual share alike, courageously facing point of view as it is today. Dur- Although our church is passing the problems of sheer existence, ing the Christmas season there through a difficult time financially, in involving constant battling with were over forty conversions in answer to your letter, very gladly and poverty, tropical diseases, illit- three churches of which Rev. with much brotherly love we send toeracy, and religiously under- Paul Burgess has charge. The day to the Treasurer of the Mission privileged areas. Their libraries growth in native leadership is a check for $75. We send this little necessarily are meager, and the keeping pace with the growth in help trusting that the Lord will fill library of the Union Theological numbers. Twenty years ago you with His richest blessing. Seminary at San Juan is itself there were two struggling evansorely inadequate and too remote gelical churches in Guatemala -South America. to be of practical service to its City. Today there are seven. In graduates in the other end of the Quezaltenango there was one. Christ Our Contemporary island. Today there are thirteen. "Jesus Our Contemporary" Ferment in Mexico There is scarcely a section in was a theme which packed a the western part of Guatemala large theater in Lima, Peru, with W. A. Ross, Presbyterian mis- that does not have an evangeli- leading men and women of that sionary in Coyoacan, Mexico, cal Christian on its Board of Al- non-Protestant city. The speakwrites that things are on the dermen, and in several towns er, George P. Howard, native of move in that country, the only there are Protestant mayors. Argentina, spoke in his motherquestion being in what ilirec- tongue, Spanish. A Lima paper, tion? In spite of government at- Montevideo Church Dedicated Inca Land, said of the meeting: tempts to eradicate God from the minds of the people-re- The dedication of Emmanuel Every seat was taken and people newed efforts to this end are be- Methodist Episcopal Church, were standing around the sides and in ing made-the people are think- Montevideo, last December was the aisles nearly half way to the plating and that is a great gain. an event in Uruguayan Protes- form. It was a never-to-be-forgotten tantism. It was built without experience as we looked out over that Wholesome and hopeful cur- expense to the Board of Foreign audience of diplomats, business men, rents are seen in the following Missions, the cost being contrib- university professors and students, instances cited by Mrs. Ross. uted locally. working men, women of every class of society, who were listening, m;any of On New Year's Eve, most of the The service was marked by them for the first time, in conservaevangelical churches were full of wor- the presence of many guests of tive Catholic Lima, to a good oIdshipers, thanking God for blessings honor, including Bishop Juan fashioned Gospel sermon put in modof the year and interceding with Him Gattinoni, Dr. Pacheco, rector ern language so that they understood for larger ones for the year to come. of the National University; of- it. They got a vision of Jesus as the I know of churches that are perfect ficial representatives of the gov- manifestation of God, interested in beehives of activity; I know of a ernment and leading members of every problem of human welfare, and small prayer band that meets almost the Pan-American Conference, possible as a present-day experience daily for intercession for the coming including Secretary Cor del L in the life of every man. It was a far of Christ's Kingdom, of another Hull. All services are in English. different view of Jesus than the ordigroup meeting weekly for the same nary person in this country has, who purpose. A man politically prominent -Christian Advocate. thinks of Him as having been dead declared that Christ and not Lenin all these centuries and as existing Argentina Responds only as an image to be worshiped in musty temples or carried in religious When the Evangelical Union processions. It is impossible to meas- of South America last year faced ure the far-reaching effects of that lecture, but it is certain to open up a new field of work here in Peru.

~' '~

Our Missionary Bookshelf r I Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information i ~,o.=;;;l= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = – = -I~ TlheChristian Message for the World gave Jesus Christ to history in a in the U. S. A. rendered only a To-day: A Joint Statement of the "cooperation" of courtesy, not of World-Wide Mission of the Chris- way in which He gave no other participation, in this "Inquiry." tian Church. 203 pp. $1.50. Round Table Press. New York. 1934. historical figure. In Him the Missionaries of all Boards cor- dially assisted the "Fact-finders" One could not expect unity of Word became flesh, the inter- to find the facts. The volume of thought and aim from a group Regional Reports, apart from pretative, creative Word of God. the "Background," by Dr. Rufus as diverse in their theological outlook as those who are respon- God incarnated Himself in Jesus M. Jones, which was unfor- tunately crowded out from "Resible for this interesting volume. for a redemptive and creative thinking Missions," is chiefly a Nine chapters, by nine authors, recasting of the material in the deal with the Christian message task, so that he was uniquely the Fact-finders' volume, with some additions, and, as little more and how it is to be presented in Son of God. . . . .. Between rea- than an overflow volume for the the world of today and to the Appraisal, is the least valuable mood of our own generation, in son and the Cross there will be of the three volumes in relation to China. the present economic crisis, and an unending conflict. Otherwise, with Communism and Fascism The larger Fact-finders' volbidding for world dominion. the Cross would cease to be the ume shows an immense amount of personal investigation as well The writers are: E. Stanley cross. But when before the as study of the extant literature, J ones, Kenneth Scott Latourette, in which much of the matter can John A. MacKay, Francis J. Mc- Cross stands not a detached be found but only by repeating the research. The collected and Connell, Basil Mathews, Francis spectator, but a man, broken be- collated information thus sup- B. Miller, William Paton, Henry plied is of great reference value, cause he has looked into the not too largely vitiated by at- P. Van Dusen, and Luther Allan tempts at "appraisal." Therein Weigle. abyss of the human heart, his lies the marked contrast with "Re-thinking Missions," the pur- Although in the Foreword we own and others; the words 'Be- posed helpfulness of which has been so largely lost through the have a clear statement of their hold the Lamb of God who tak- permeating evidences that the common ground of faith, the Appraisers w ere qui teas question recurs again and again, eth away the sin of the world' strongly influenced by precon- ceived theories and judgments as as one peruses the book, how far sound as a Gospel of hope." by the Fact-finders' reports and these writers can walk together their own observations. The final chapter on "The before their ways of thought The Fact-finders' volume has part asunder. Their witness Missionary Motive," by E. Stan- deepened the reviewer's impresdoes not entirely agree either as sion that the great mistake of ley Jones, suffers from an inade- the Laymen was the sending of to the purpose of missions, the the second Commission. A colcontent of the message, or the quate conception of the meaning lation and condensation of the Fact-finders' reports, with their goal of history and of redemp- of the Atonement; otherwise it comparatively objective and untion. One of the writers says: prejudiced "findings," would "The appearance of the Church is challenging. The crisis of have done far more to further the cause of missions. At the Universal does not await either missions and of God's judgment same time the Fact-finders' rea catastrophic apocalyptic event ports are manifestly prejudiced in the world today are indeed or the birth of an organizational genius." We can do it ourselves, inescapable. One wonders, howif we will! In the chapter on The Purpose of Missions we have ever, whether the striking symonce more the theology of "Rethinking Missions" presented in bol on the jacket of the book a diluted form. One could not represents a red and rising, or wish for a stronger presentation a lurid and a setting sun. "We as to the heart of the message than that by Dr. John A. Mac- must work while it is day, for Kay on "The Gospel and Our Generation." He says: "God the night cometh when no man can work." S. M. ZWEMER.

China: Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry Supplementary Volumes ii and iii. Edited by Orville A. Petty. 8 vo. pages 225 and 725. $1.50 each. Harpers. New York, 1933.

Volume ii consists of Regional Reports of the Appraisal Com- mission, and volume iii com- prises the digested material provided by the "Fact-finding experts" who preceded the "ap- praisers." In view of the some- what ambiguous language used in both volumes, it should be said again that the "seven Boards"

Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REvmw pubH"hers on receipt of price.

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against the "conservative" and freshing because it gives a vivid tional life of India," and as one the "traditional"; they give too picture of a· wholesome moun- whom "succeeding generations much weight to testimony from tain girl carried off by raiding will rise up and call ….. blessed. certain critical sources; they do soldiers without descending into A great religious leader . . . . . . a not make a just allowance for unnecessary realism. The plot true patriot ….. a symbol …. . hampering conditions and inade- is exciting enough to satisy a representative of India's right quate force and funds and they young people with its commu- to the fullest freedom." offer "counsels of perfection." nist plots and its bandit in- While removing the myth of Yet the volume contains many vasions, yet it makes one under- Christian allegiance from Mr. valuable papers, such as those on stand without explanations why Gandhi, whose true Hindu status the Inquiry as a whole, Major China is in chaos today. One is clearly presented, the biog- Problems of China Evangeliza- closes it with the impression that rapher admits him to be in many tion, Church and Mission, the with the fine idealism that is at respects "a follower of Jesus Missionary, Relations with Gov- work the forces of good will win. Christ as a 'teacher from God'" ernments, Rural Reconstruction, The book ends a little abruptly. and a man whose religion might Industrial Problems, Leadership, There are situations one would be called "Christianized Hindu- Education, Religious Education, have liked to have seen carried ism." In a revealing letter Medical Missions, and China's farther and it lacks a bit of the (printed in facsimile) from Women and Work for them. In charm of Lady Fourth Daughter, Mahatma Gandhi to Mrs. Chiswiftly changing China, .statis- Mrs. Brewster's Mission Study tambar, giving reasons why he tics rapidly lose value, but there Book, but her characters are still remains a Hindu, are three is much in this volume which real. The book is valuable to challenging questions: "Why do will not prove ephemeral. everyone who wishes to under- you think that an orthodox C. H. FENN. stand China. The reviewer is glad to have read it. Hindu cannot follow out the Ser- The Protestant Churches and the In- mon on the Mount?" "Are you dustrial Crisis. By Edmund B. JEAN C. CORRAN. sure of your knowledge of an Chaffee. 8 vo. $2. Macmillan. New orthodox Hindu ?" "Are you York. 1933. Mahatma Gandhi, His Life, Work sure that you know Jesus and and Influence. By J ashwant Rao his teachings?" This book is a challenge to the Church to study the industrial Chitambar. 266 pp. $2.00. Wins- Mahatma Gandhi has done ton. Philadelphia. 1933.

conditions and to apply the Gos- This account of the outstand- much to bring Jesus' teachings pel of Christ to their betterment. ing Indian character is so read- into world prominence. As The Labor Temple, New York, is able, so full of the rapid move- Bishop Chitambar says: "His in the center of industrial unrest ment of current happenings, that acknowledgment of his indebtedand is the subject of criticism one reads on unaware of the ness to the Christian religion because of the radical and even clock. It is a fair and accurate should act as a stimulus to the atheistic element that is per- account of the stirring activities Christian workers to make Jesus mitted there to express opinions of India's greatest leader, com- Christ and His teachings known and to carryon propaganda. ing from the pen of a Christian everywhere." The attitude of The pastor of the Temple doubt- nationalist who is the first Indian the Christian Church should be less makes mistakes of judgment Methodist Bishop, a much loved one of friendliness towards the and in the lack of evangelistic figure to many also in America. Mahatma and the Nationalists. preaching but he writes with Dr. Chitambar makes frank Moreover Mr. Gandhi's emphasis understanding and sympathy avowal of his conviction that on religion will help to meet the gained from his knowledge of India's political future lie s wave of materialism and secularthe industrial problems. His within the British connection, ism now in evidence in India. twelve chapters deal with the re- with responsible self-government ,Dr. Chitambar finds in -this lation of religion to economics, on a dominion basis. But the unique Hindu's life-work and the unemployment and crime. The author shows that he is com- new spirit abroad in India a author's view of the Kingdom of pletely sincere in his devotion to challenge to the C h r i s t ian God is social and economic rather India's welfare and in his ad- Church "to demonstrate by her than based on individual regen- miration for Mahatma Gandhi. life that in Jesus Christ India's eration but he points out the In his preface he says: "I lay problems will find their solution need to manifest Christian love this biography of her selfless son and that the Christian religion and sacrificial service. But the as a humble tribute at the feet both satisfies and works ….. . Cross of Christ is the manifesta- of Mother India." This is the time to move fortion of God and the Way of Life. Bishop Chitambar's estimate ward."

Maidee of the Mountains. A Story of of the man and his work is one In the final chapter on "The Present Day China. By Mary of discriminating admiration. Brewster Hollister. 153 pp. $1.50. Admitting that Mr. Gandhi's po- Indian Outlook," Dr. Chitambar reveals his concern for the ex- Revell. New York. 1933. litical plans have ended in com- ample set by the West. "What "Maidee of the Mountains" is parative failure, he nevertheless the world needs today is not a refreshing book. Moreover it hails him as one who has "made more battleships and airships, is intensely interesting. It is re- an indelible impress on the na- but more friendships." He

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

pleads that in the "Land of the tached to each chapter are ex- city of 150,000, and the terminus Free," the colored races shall ceedingly rich. Comparatively of an important caravan route "enjoy the public privileges and little space is devoted to Chris- from Lhassa, the Tibetan capbenefits which are his by right tian missions and little to the ital. Here he made many of his character and citizenship." Boxer Uprising, or even to Sun friendly contacts with peoples Yat Sen and his reform move- who could not be reached Christian missionaries in Asia ment. We might have expected through the Chinese language. will be grateful for the further each of these topics to be dealt There were Mongols coming on evidence of this book that Chris- with more fully on account of tian leaders in the younger their influence on Chinese life pilgrimages to the famous Kumchurches are no less ardent and history. A tremendous bum monestary; wealthy Mopatriots than are the leaders of amount of valuable information the older indigenous religions; has, however, been collected, hammedan traders from Kansu; and that the sacrificial message skillfully arranged and packed and chiefly Tibetans whose exof the Cross has awakened new into small space. For the genmultitudes in India. eral reader and any who desire tensive lamasaries surround the a reliable introduction to things city – Sining, known as "The B. C. HARRINGTON. Chinese, these volumes will take the place of Dr. S. Wells Wil- Door of Tibet." The author The Chinese – Their History and liams' "The Middle Kingdom"- Culture. By Kenneth Scott Latour- long the most reliable and com- writes: "I had noticed the Tib- ette. 2 vols. Maps. 8 vo. 506 prehensive work on China and etans, going and coming, but be- and 389 pp. $7.50. Macmillan. the Chinese, in English, but now yond gifts of Christian literature New York. 1934. out of date. in their own language nothing These are two unusual vol- Dr. Latourette's valuable vol- was being done to bring the Gosumes of an unusual race. The umes are too condensed to be in- Chinese and their history are teresting reading but they are pel to them." It was with this unique and wonderfully interest- rich in information. Many of burden on his heart that Mr. ing-and perplexing. Like their the facts-as to dynasties, his- Learner went on furlough to picturesque and difficult lan- torical events, divisions and deguage they need a skilled inter- velopment might be made more England where he presented the preter, and they have this in Dr. easily accessible in charts. There need and opportunity so effec- Latourette, the Willis James are almost no annotations giving Professor of Mis s ion sand authorities for statements but tively that he returned with Oriental History of Yale Uni- these will be found in the text funds for a Gospel Inn at Sining versity. Formerly he was a mis- and may be looked up in the sionary in China and later edu- bibliographies. The index is and permission to devote himcational secretary of the Student very complete and sixteen pages self to work for the Tibetans in Volunteer Movement. A pre- are devoted to proper names and their own language. vious volume, "The History of Chinese words with their corre- Missions in China" gave us the sponding Chinese characters- This small book makes no premost complete and up-to-date valuable only to students of Chi- tensions to literary style but it is and the sanest record of the nese. The outline map in Vol- clearly and interestingly writ- Christian movement in China ume II shows only the political and now these two monumental boundaries and divisions, the ten, containing information volumes give a clear and reliable principal rivers and railroads, about this remote people and picture of the Chinese. The first the Grand Canal and a very few volume deals with the people leading cities. their strange customs. The themselves, their home, their author shows a real appreciation origin, their history from 221 As the reader studies this his- B. C. to 1933 A. D. The second tory and culture of the Chinese, of the personalities residing in volume takes up their racial he is impressed by their remarkcharacteristics, the i r govern- able character and is filled with these unwashed nomads, clad in ment, their economic and social hope for the future. sheep skins worn fur-side in, life, their religion, art, lan- "and verminous withall"; their guages, dialects, education and Rusty Hinges. A story of doors being faces reeking with the rancid literature. The whole study is opened in N. E. Tibet. By Frank a masterpiece-accurate, up-to- Doggett Learner, F. R. G. S. 150 butter as protection against the date, interpretive and well writ- pp. 28. China Inland Mission, Lon- cold. Their ready hospitality ten. In such a condensed record don, and Philadelphia. 1933. of facts there is little room for enabled him to know them intithe personal narratives and inci- The China of the missionary's mately, as he sat with them dents that add human interest. labors is Tsinghai, an adminis- The author has evidently done trative area founded in 1928 out around the tent fires, drinking an immense amount of work in of parts of North Tibet and buttered tea, thrusting his hand research, and the bibliographies West Kansu provinces, with its of Chinese and foreign books at- provincial capital at Sining, a into the common pot for the in- evitable mutton stew, and sleep- ing on the tent floor with the family at night.

Mr. Learner writes not solely as a missionary but also as a traveler in an unfamiliar part of the world. One chapter tells of a trip to KokoNor, the beautiful inland sea into which seventy- two rivers drain their waters, making the exploring of its sur- roundings a task not to be lightly undertaken. Another chapter describes the two great religious festivals held yearly at the

. famous Kumbum Monastery, the lay them aside without reading them The Day's Worship. Edited by to the end, because he is m;ade to feel, Charles B. Foelsch. 16 mo. 385 pp. Devil Dance and the curious as never before, his worthlessness and 75 cents. United Lutheran Publica- helplessness-the worthlessness even tion House. Philadelphia. 1933. Butter Festival for which the of the best that he thinks and does. Not only the sinner but the righteous These excellent devotional idols, great and small, are man is brought to judgment and must readings include Scripture pas- cry for mercy. Therefore the reader sage, comment and prayer for formed of the always useful and may say to himself: "Can I do noth- every day in the year. Each ing that is acceptable to God? Noth- day's selection will take less than plentiful butter. The Tibetan's ing that is worth while? Does not five minutes to read but the re- this lead to hopeless despair? Am I sult may make an eternal differreputation for being the most re- not robbed of all power of moral en- ence. The daily readings are deavor?" grouped under general headings ligious people in the world is for each week – The Eternal That is precisely the effect that the God, Salvation, Providence, Sin, well shown, not only by their preachers intend to produce in the Conscience, the Atonement, reader or the hearer. For man must Prayer, Meekness, Christmas, long and difficult pilgrimages to be overcome, humbled to the dust, be- etc. All are Biblical, reverent, fore God can lay hold of him, lift him practical. An index shows the various lama-services, where the up, mould him; to and for His eternal many authors of the comments purpose. -mostly American Lutherans. rapid turning of prayer wheels It is good to see the Barthian New Books may win them untold merit, but theology at work in this way in actual evangelization, but one Civilization of the' Old Northwest. every act of every day, in tent feels that there is more to the Beverley W. Bond, Jr. 543 pp. Gospel than here appears, more $3.50. Macmillan. New York. or saddle, is performed to the joy and freedom and fellowship, and one turns again to the The Church Looks Ahead..Edited by constant accompaniment of their wealth of the New Testament Chas. O. Schofield. 400 pp. $3.00. and its fulness of life and truth, Macmillan, New York. one prayer formula, "Om maui as from shadows to sunlight. padme hum," as the rosary beads Kidnapping the Constitution. Lucy R. E. S. W. Peabody. 110 pp. N. A. Lindsey slip ceaselessly through their & Co. Marblehead, Mass. Sangre Judia. By W. M. Montano. fingers. 82 pp. Lima, Peru, San Agustin. The Larger Parish-A Movement or 1933. an Enthusiasm. Edmund deS. With this natural religious- Brunner. 95 pp. 50 cents. Insti- This remarkable little book, tute of Social and Religious Reness, Mr. Learner found his by a Bolivian writer and pub- search. New York. lisher, Dr. Walter M. Montano, Tibetan friends disposed to is called forth by the recently The Trail of Life in the Middle renewed Jewish question in Ger- Years. Rufus M. Jones. 250 pp. listen with interest to the Gospel many. The author looks upon $2.00. Macmillan. New York. the Jews as God's "chosen peostory, as they heard it from ple" and approaches his subject Annals of an Indian Parish. Stephen from the Biblical standpoint. Neill. 68 pp. Is. Church Missiontheir host in the hospitable at- He gives a history of Jewish per- ary Society. London. secutions throughout the world mosphere of the Gospel Inn; and and shows that they were fore- "Lu Taifu." Charles Lewis, M.D. told in Holy Writ. He devotes Robert E. Speer. 216 pp. $1.00. many were quick in recognizing considerable space to the Zion- Board of Foreign Missions, Presby- istic contentions, to which he terian Church, U. S. A. New York. the better way even when not at seems sympathetic, and also treats of the final judgment, the The Pilgrim Path: A Story of an once prepared to break with the Coming of the Messiah, the African Childhood. Godfrey Calla- Israelitic Restoration, the hope way. 153 pp. S. P. G. London. old. of the Liberator. He closes with a prayer to Christ, as follows: The Eclipse of Christianity in Asia: The author's expressed aim is "Blessed Christ, my eternal From the Time of Mohammed Till King, lead me by the hand to that the Fourteenth Century. Laurence "to create a keen missionary place of everlasting splendor, the E. Browne. 198 pp. lOs. 6d. Cam- home of Thy Father, which Thou bridge University Press. London. interest in the mysterious land hast promised to Them that are Thine, saying, 'Let not your India and Oxford: Fifty Years of the of Tibet." ALICE FENN. heart be troubled, ye believe in Oxford Mission in Calcutta. 79 pp. God, believe also in me. . . . .. I Is. S. P. C. K. London. Come Holy Spirit. By Karl Barth am the Way, the Truth and the and Eduard Thurneysen. 287 pp. Life; no one cometh to the Fa- "To What Purpose?" Matshal Broom- $2. Round Table Press. New York hall. Illus. 88 pp. Is. C. I. M. City. 1934. ther, but by me.' " London.

It is not clear whether all the THEODORE BENZE. Japan Illustrated. Illus. 958 pp. Y15. sermons gathered in this book Nippon Dempo News Agency. were by Barth, selected and ar- Tokyo. ranged by Thurneysen, or whether some of the sermons are Suggested Methods for the African Thurneysen's, as is probably the School. Harold Jowitt. Illus. 304 case. As President Richards, pp. 6s. Longmans, Green. London. one of the translators points out, all represent the Barthian school. He says: The sermons are not popular, clever, eloquent pulpit discourses such as the modern audience is accustomed to hear and to applaud …… They cannot be easily cOllljprehended, because they are so different in form and content from any sermons that have ever been published in this or any other age. They must be read and pondered again, until the truth in them becomes spirit and life in the reader.

The aim of the sermons is to give God's answer to man's primary needs -his deep, inward, spiritual needswhich must be satisfied before any other needs can be satisfied. The sermons, therefore, do not soothe or please or flatter the reader. He may

China's Geographic Foundations: A 5 NEW AND SECOND-HAND

Survey of the Land and Its People. THEOLOGICAL BOOK George B. Cressey. Illus. 423 pp. $4.00 McGraw-Hill. New York. LARGEST STOCK IN AMERICA. Over half a million THE- OLOGICAL BOOKS. Classified by subject. CATALOGUES The Dutch East Indies: Its Govern- free. Correspondence and "Want Lists" invited. ment, Problems and Politics. Amry Vandenbosch. Map. 385 pp. $3. Please Mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW. Erdman. Grand Rapids. SCHULTE'S BOOK STORE The Empty Quar.ter: The Great South Desert of Arabia Known as Rub' al Obituary Notes Mrs. Thomas Moody, for forty- Khali. H. St. J. B. Philby. Illus. four years an American Baptist mis- 457 pp. 218. Constable. London. Robert A. Long, lumberman and sionary in the Belgian Congo, died on philanthropist, of Kansas City, Mo., November 17th just as she and Mr. Tanganyika and Its Future (World died after an operation on March Moody were about to leave the field Dominion Survey Series). Julius 15th at the age of eighty-three. Mr. and to retire from active service. In Richter. 112 pp. 38. 6d. cloth; 28. Long was president of the American the past thirteen years more than 6d. paper. Christian Missionary Society, the 10,000 Africans in this mission have Brotherhood of Disciples of Christ, been won to faith in Christ. The Republics of South AmeriCL the Christian Board of Publications Ke~eth Grubb. 153 pp. 38. Royal and a trustee of Bible College of Mis- *** InstItute of International Affairs. souri. He gave at one time over a London. million dollars to the Christian Mis- Rev. William Ellsworth Strong, sionary work of the Disciples of D.D., for 24 years a secretary of the {odem Samoa: Its Government and American Board of Commissioners for Changing Life. Felix M. Keesing. Christ. **• Foreign Missions, died March 7th aft.. 50.6 pp. 168. Allen and Unwin. er a long illness. Dr. Strong began London. The Rev. Dr. James Boyd Hunter, work with the A. B. C. F. M. in 1907 since 1920 editor of The Christian In,.. following his father, Dr. E. E. Strong. Taming Philippine Headhunters: A telligencer, New York, died of a heart He was editor of the Missiona7'1l Study of Government and of Cul- attack at his home in River Edge, Herald, then editorial secretary, then tural Change in Northern Luzon. N. J., on March 18. foreign secretary. His book "The Felix M. Keesing and Marie Kees- Dr. Hunter was born in Scotland, Story of the American Board" is rec- iug. 288 pp. 108. 6d. Allin & Un- on April 5, 1863, and was brought to ognized as the official record of the win. London. the United States at the age of 4. He first 100 years of its work. was graduated at Princeton in 1889, West African Culture. O. T. Faulkner and from the Union Theological Sem- **• and J. R. Mackie. 168 pp. 88. 6d. inary in 1892. Cambridge University Press. Lon- After holding various pastorates in President Gintaro Daikuhara of don. New York and in Jersey City he be- Doshisha University, died on Friday, came editor of the official weekly of March 9, at the Prefectural Hospital, South and East African Year Book the Reformed Church in America. Kyoto, after an appendicitis opera~ and Guide, 1934. Edited by A. S. ••• tion. and G. G. Brown. Atlas. 1193 pp. Miss Ella Cecilia Shaw, who died 28. 6d. Low. London. in Nanking, China, December 22, President Daikuhara was born on 1933, at the age of seventy-one, went January 4, 1869, in Nagano Piefec- Jesus Christ and World Evangeliza- as a missionary of the Methodist ture, he was the son of Shinichi and . tion. Mis s ion a r y Principles: Church in 1887. Her first interest was was later adopted by Koichi Daiku- direct evangelism for women. In city hara. He was graduated from the Christ's or Ours? Alexander Mc- and country, she spent the best years Agricultural College, Tokyo Imperial Leish. 188 pp. 28. and 38. Lutter- of her womanhood going from village University, in 1894; appointed Engi- worth Press. London. to village, taking a Bible woman with neer of the AgriculturalExperitn~ntaI her, but always herself teaching from Station in 1895; Lecturer of the Ag- The Use of Material From China's house to house, and praying in the ricultural College, Tokyo Imperial , Spiritual Inheritance in tbe Chris- homes of the people. She was the sis- University, 1909; became Professor ter of Dr. W. E. Shaw, member of the of the Kyushu Imperial University in tian Education of Chinese Youth: Methodist Board of Foreign Missions. 1921 and the President in 1926-1929. A Guide and Source Book for Chris- He was elected president of the tian Teachers in China. Warren Doshisha on November 1, 1929, thus Horton Stuart. 202 pp. Oxford succeeding Joseph Hardy Neesima, , University Press. New York. the first president and found~.

The Doctor Abr:;oad: The Story of W'inona Lake School ff Theolc-g the Medical Missions of the London WINONA. LAKE, INDIANA. Missionary Society. Ernest H. Jeffs. Illus. 80 pp. lB. Livingstone Evangelical, Scholarly, InterdenolDinationai Press. London. COURSES: Old Testament (Isaiah). Engli.h New Teltament (Romani. Gal.). Church History; CcI__ Religious and Cosmic Beliefs of Cen- paratiTe Religions and Mi••ions, Ministerial and Church Efficiency, Greek New Tatalllent. tral Polynesia. 2 Vols. R. W. Wil- liamson. 309 pp. 258. Cambridge Two Semesters of 15 Days each: July 5 to Aug. '11 University Press. London. Work leading to regular Theological Degrees. The Living Religions of the Indian People. N. Macnicol. 108. 6d. Stu- For Ministers, Teachers, Mi••ioDllriea aDd Laymea dent Christian Movement Press. London. Almost a 1C0re of state. (beside foreign countries). and an equal number 01 chore.

Pagan Survivals in Mohammedan represented each year. Civilization. Edward Westermarck. 188 pp. 88. 6d. Macmillan. New ADMINISTRATION: DR. W. E. BIEDERWOLF, Director: C. Eo SAWTELLE. Prelident: DI..I, York and London. A. HUFFMAN, Dean.

Life Berond Death in the Beliefs of FACULTY: SAMUEL M. ZWEMER. KYLE M. YATES. GAlUS J. SLOSSER. J. <;A"P~ Mankmd. James Thayer Addison. WHITE. J. A. HUFFMAN. . .. 308 pp. 88. 6d. Allen & Unwin. London. Send lOt' a 12·Page FTee prospectus at once to MARION, 1Nb1AN,:A Communism and the Alternative. A. DR. J. A. HUFFMAN J. Penty. 128 pp. 38. 6d. Student Christian Movement Press. London.

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BY USE OF THE GOSPEL IN PRINT The Good News of Christ, interpreted to Moslems through the Christian Life and literature, is winning a hearing for the Gospel in many lands.

Will you help to supply this needed Christian literature for millions who have never heard the Gospel in Egypt Syria 1r.1e Chine Pem. Jav. Morocco P.lestine Indi. Sum….. AI,ien Turkey M.laysi. South A&lc:a Tunis Ar.bi.

Send your help to the missionaries in these countries through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems Cooperating with Interdenominational Committees on the Reid.

BOARD OF MANAGERS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President n Delavan L. Pierson, Dr. Robert E. Speer, of N~ York, Vice-Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice-President Dr. James untine, Corresponding Secretary Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.O., General Secretary Miss May S. Blanvelt Dr. John H. Raven Rev. Robert W. Searle, D.O. Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Rev. Thomas S. Oonohugh Wilbert B. Smith Rev. A. C. Snead Rev. Mills J. Taylor, D.O. Mrs. J. M. Montgomery John W. Wood, O.C.l.

Gifts may be lent to Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Trealurer, at 116 East 68th St., New York City Apply for information to THE SECRETARY, 25 East 22nd Street, New York City Look for Our Special Numbers This year THE REVIEW plans two special numbers dealing with the study topics for 1934-5.

THE ORIENTALS IN AMERICA The home mission topic is up to date and will be dealt with in our JUNE number and will include articles, illustrations and statistics concerning Chinese, Japanese. Koreans, Filipinos and East Indians in America. Among these articles are the following: Who Are the Orientals in America-A. W. Palmer Intimate GIimpaes of Chinese in America-PhilipF.Pa,ne Oriental Viewlof American Life-Various Orientals Oriental Students in United States-ehas. D. HU7Te:Y How Can We Understand Orientals 7-Chas. R. Shepherd Some CInistian Orientall in America-Various Authors Outstanding Work for Orientals-Various Authors CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN, TODAY AND TOMORROW The foreign study topic is most timely and interesting and will occupy our October number. Among the subjects to be discussed there are the following: The lnOuence of Christianity in Japan-S. H.Wainright Some Outstanding Japanese Christians-H. W. M,e-rs Japan—A Problem or a Challenge-chas. W. Iglehart Present-Day Religioll in Japan-A. K. Reischaue-r AJapanese View of Christian MiuioDl-E. C. Hennigar Christ and the Yoath of Japan-W. C. LAmott Order Your Copies in Advance-NOW! 25 Cenl3 a Copy, $20.00 per hundred THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY Third and Reily Streets I: Harrisburg, Pa.

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1934

MARCH,1934

Medical Missions in Arabia W. Harold Storm Challenge of the Present Crisis Charles R. Watson Education and Religion in Mexico John A. Mackay Experience of the China Inland Missiol1 Robert Hall Glover A Century of Bible Work in China Eric M. North Aboriginal Medical Practice T. Theodor Webb

To Remember One book you must NOT miss! icine in Korea. Of the 500 taking

examination, only 16 were successful March 8-IO-Medical Missions Con- JOHNR.MoTT in passing. ference under the auspices of the Medical Committee of the Commit- WORLD CITIZEN *** tee of Reference and Counsel. New York. by Keith Song, graduate of Chosen Christian College, Seoul, has invented April 3-5 – Federal C 0 u n c i 1 of BASIL MATHEWS the first practical typewriter for the Churches, ,Department of Evan- Korean language. gelism. Columbus, Ohio. An avalanche of praise for this ex- *** April 26-May 7-General Conference, traordinary book. "Will take its Methodist Episcopal Church, South, The Rev. Dr. William Raymond Jackson, Miss. place among the really great biog- Jellifi.e, former associate pastor of the May 20-26–Church Conference of So- raphies." (S. M. Cavert.) "A great cial Work, Kansas City, Mo. Madison Avenue Presbyterian Church, picture of a great man." (Paul has been elected president of the New August 21-24-Tenth National Con- York City Mission Society, succeeding vention, Evangelical Brotherhood, Hutchinson). "Again I say, possess the late William Sloan Coffin. Other Evangelical Synod of N. A., Mil- officers elected were Philip W. Henry, waukee, Wis. and read this book." (Bishop J. C. vice-president; Edgar C. Leaycraft, treasurer, and Luther H. Lewis, secre- Personal Items Baker). Illustrated. $3.00 tary.

Motoichiro Takahashi, Dr. Kagawa's HARPER & BROTHERS *** companion in peace work, whose poems have appeared ,ftom time to 49 East 33rd St., New York Mrs. Hume R. Steele, for fifteen time in American journals, died last years the beloved and honored Wommonth and leaves an aching void in Dr. Catherine L. Mabie, for thirty- an's Candidate Secretary of the Board the hearts of his friends. His was a five years a. Baptist medical mission- of Missions of the Methodist Episcosimple, lovable and powerful spirit. ary in the Congo, has been honored by pal Church South, has recently been the Belgian Government with La Croix retired in the process of reducing the *** de Chevalie1' de l'Ordre Royal du Lion. budget. Mrs. Steele has rendered out- standing service to the missionary Dr. Kagawa, in response to repeated **• cause. In 1914 she became Educationinvitations, left Japan the latter part al Secretary of the Woman's Missionof January for a month's trip to Miss Soon Chun Park, a graduate ary Cquncil, planned missionary'study Manila and the Philippine Islands. of the Chosen Women's Medical Train- courses and new literature. As Can- ing Institute, was the only woman who passed the recent Government ex- didate Secretary she pioneered a new amination for license to practice med- department in her Board and was also an effective member of the Executive Committee of the Student Volunteer Movement and the North American Student Council, and a member of the Committee of Reference and Council of the Foreign Missions Conference.

cIIn Assured Income Starting Now Investments, seemingly safe, may vanish over night leaving one without support in old age. Many individualsrealizirig the difficulty of selecting safe income-producing securities have adopted the Annuity Plan of The American Baptist Home Mission Society.

PROTECTED FOR LIFE A woman who received a yearly income of $2,500 from the Society wrote as follows when making an additional annuity gift: "It gives me pleasure to place the above amount with The American Baptist Home Missictn' Society, for I know from long experience what care the investment will have under the management of the Society. I wish you to know, too, what a comfort it has been to me to feel sure of a certain amount of income:'

Many others who have adopted this annuity plan are most happy in knowing that they have made sound investments; are absolutely protected for life; and have the added satisfaction of knowing that their money will go on serving Christ's cause indefinitely after their earthly requirements are ended.

DOES NOT LESSEN OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS As gifts ~n the annuity plan represent the investment of funds that would not ordinarily be contributed toward church support and benevolent objects, they do not lessen giving to the local church. Your annuity gifts as well as your contributions to the unified denominational budget, through the local church or otherwise, help to maintain the work of this Society that is the agent of Northern Baptists in carrying the gospel message to spiritually destitute places in the United States and Latin America.

Further information furnished upon request THE AMERICAN BAPTIST HOME MISSION SOCIETY SAMUEL BRYANT, Treasurer 22 East 26th Street •. New York City

MISSIONARY article by Stanley Jones; reports of SPEED· COMFORT·

REVIEW OF THE WORLD addresses at the Florida Chain of Missionary Assemblies; articles on Empress ofJapan …pride ofthe Pacific DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor "Present Opportunities in Home Mis- "GO EMPRESS" … to Honolulu, sions." Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, VOL. LVII MARCH, 1934 No.3 Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila. *"* Swift sister ships, Empress of Asia Publication and Business OIDce and Empress of Russia, reach Y0- Third and Relly Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. The special numbers this year will kohama in 10 days flat … via Direct include one on "Orientals in America" Express Route. Empress of Japan Editorial and Executive OIDce -a very rich and interesting theme; (blue-ribbon Pacific liner) and Em- and one on "Japan As a Mission Field press of Canada reach Honolulu in 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Today." We have a remarkable series 5 days, and Yokohama in 8 days of papers promised for each of these more. Entered as second-class matter at numbers. Send your orders in ad- FREQUENT SAILINGS . .. from Van- Post OIDce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act vance. Previous special issues were couver (trains to ship-side) and of March 3, 1879. soon exhausted. Victoria. Luxurious First Class,out- standing Tourist Class, low-priced 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. *** Third Class. Orient fares include Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. passage from Seattle. Published monthly, except August. We continue to receive encourage- Reduced round trip fam. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. ment from readers who find the RE- Booklets, information • •. from any VIEW stimulating and valuable. Here Canadian Pacific agent: New York, MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- are some recent comments- Chicago, San Francisco, Montreal, LISHING CO., INC. Vancouver, and 30 other cities in "I want to tell you how greatly I United States and Canada. BOARD OF DIRECTORS appreciate the recent issues of THE ROBERT E. SPEER, President REVIEW, especially the January copy. WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President I have heard a great many favorable WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer comments from pastors and people in DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary the church." FRANK W. BIBLE, SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Secretary for the Central Area, WM. B. LIPPHARD Board of, Foreign Missions, ERIC M. NORTH Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. MILTON T. STAUFFER A. L. W ARNSHUIS "Might I take this opportunity to SAMUEL M. ZWEMER say how valuable I find the REVIEW. Some magazines I read quickly, clip Editorial Chat from with impunity; then toss away. Not so the REVIEW. I copy from it Our Annual Meeting but keep it intact; it is invaluable for reference." MAMIE C. G. FRASER, An interested group of friends gathered at the Annual Meeting of Editor, Women's Missionary THE REVIEW at 156 Fifth Avenue, Society of the Presbyterian New York, on Thursday, February 8, Church in Canada. at 3 o'clock. Reports of the Treasurer and Secretary for the year 1933 were And here is a letter written, not to read and approved. These show great the REVIEW, but to pastors of Ohioreason for thanksgiving and encour- a good deed: agement, but there is need for continued cooperation in making THE "The January issue of THE MIS- REVIEW effective. More adequate sup- SIONARY REVIEW OF' THE WORLD is so port is required through gifts to the chock-full of splendid material, so per- Maintenance Fund, through advertis- tinent to missions, that I just had to ing and by increase in circulation. An send you this letter to call your attenimpressive address on the "Present tion to it. If you are looking for ma- Opportunities and Responsibilities in terial stimulating to your own life Home Missions" was given by Dr. and rich in sermonic helps, this is the William R. King, Secretary of the issue you should get. Send 25 cents Home Missions Council, and a very to the Evangelical Press, Harrisburg, stimulating address by Dr. S. G. In- Pa., for a copy of this magazine. man, Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, who G. M. GORDON, has recently returned from Monte- Chairman of Poreign Missions video. He pictured effectively the progress of the Gospel in Latin Amer- Committee. Dayton Presby~ ica and the new opportunities there. tery. The President of THE REVIEW, Dr. Robert E. Speer, called attention to "In my work as chairman of Missome of the present issues that affect sionary Education the REVIEW is inthe missionary cause and that show valuable. The articles, the helps in the need for such a magazine as THE planning programs, the book reviews, REVIEW, one that stands for the best and announcement of books, all blend and that will keep readers informed to make my work a definite unit of as to the urgent needs and encourag- procedure." MRS. D. B. KRAYBILL, ing progress of the work. Montgomery, W. Va., Chairman The Board of Directors was unani- of Missionary .Education of mously re-elected for the ensuing year. the Women's Missionary Fed- eration, American Lutheran DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary. Church.

*** "The February REVIEW is a fine issue…. You have been improving the Coming numbers of THE REVIEW REVIEW right along." will contain some remarkable papers and addresses that you and your FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL, friends cannot afford to miss – an Secretary, Missionary Education Movement.

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ARAB "AMBULANCE" AND PATIENT BEING CARRIED TWENTY MILES TO THE AMERICAN MISSION

MUSCAT, ARABIA, LOOKING TOWARID THE GULF OF OMAN SCENES IN THE GREAT MOSLEM PENINSULA Here the Reformed Church In America has been working for over forty years and is practically the only mission seeking to give the Gospel to the Moslems of "Neglected Arabia." REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER THREE MARCH,1934 Topics of the Times IS THE CLOCK BEING TURNED BACK? schools, and India would probably follow the same In many lands the lines are being tightened to course if she were wholly independent. limit religious freedom. Five hundred years ago the Papacy controlled most of Europe; the Greek What are the causes of this reaction against re- Church ruled Russia and Greece; Islam ruled ligious liberty and the right of propaganda? An Turkey, Persia and North Africa; the priests of article in a Turkish magazine, Birlik, representvarious cults were in power in Asia and Africa. ing the Students' Union in higher educational in- There was little or no liberty to teach religion or stitutions of Turkey, throws light on the mental to worship out of harmony with the established attitude of the modern young Turk toward fornational or racial religions. Later, when Central eign schools. Here are some extracts, freely translated: and South America were settled by the Portuguese (1) Foreign schools cannot develop the kind of children and Spaniards, intolerance spread to the Western Turkey desires as citizens. . .. They are not nurseries of real education and culture but are producing young men Hemisphere. But the past two hundred years, of no patriotism and nationalism…. The aims of educaand particularly the past one hundred, have felt tion are determined, not by individual desires, but by so- the influence of a constant campaign against bigo- cial necessities. Education is the process of developing try and intolerance and there has been steady men in the ideals of society .[the National mold]. … In order that this socialization [nationalization] may be progress toward freedom of conscience in life and healthy, it should be carried on by its own citizens ….

worship. Most Roman Catholic countries have The aim is first of all to develop citizens .[nationalists] now thrown off the papal yoke-too often taking and then a blacksmith, soldier, etc.

on instead the license of agnosticism. Africa and (2) Missionary schools operate under foreign religious Asia and the Islands have responded to the light organizations and therefore their influence on the develop- ment of the child produces foreign modes of thought and of modern knowledge so that large release has life. Such education develops not a Turkish citizen, but a been gained from superstition and the domination cosmopolitan type-in language, in customs, in philosophy, of heathen priests and sorcerers. Even Moslem in literature, in religion…. Though they may not give lands, such as Turkey and Persia, have decreed religious instruction, these institutions emphasize "char- acter building" in moral education, in sports, in discussion the separation of Church and State, have opened groups and by personal influence…. The path that leads their doors to modern science and have permitted to these virtues [honesty and purity] is always through Christian preaching and teaching. Russia, the Christianity. While national holidays receive only per- chief Greek Catholic country, for some years al- functory attention, Christmas is a day for which great lowed evangelical preaching and worship and en- pporempparaantidoncsereamreonmy.ade and it is celebrated with much couraged Bible distribution. (3) The Near East College Association says that they Today the clock is apparently being turned are serving as a medium for the better expression of back. Not only does Russia forbid all religious American idealism by ingrafting the students with Westteaching of youth under eighteen years of age, ern ideas. While missionaries in Turkey are not working in old ways, yet they are endeavorng to load the Moslems but the Soviet authorities confiscate churches and with Christianity. The spirit hidden behind the concealed discourage all recognition of God. Turkey forbids religious and humanitarian teaching is the spirit of propa- religious instruction of minors; Egypt is seeking ganda for "American nationalism"; students are hypnoto prohibit all Christian missionary activity; Per- tized to consider Americans the best people on earth. These teachers are commissioners for Western imperialsia, Japan and China are endeavoring to exclude ism…. Their purpose is not to increase the numbers of religious teaching from both public and private believers in Jesus, but to promote their personal aims ….

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Those who send their children to foreign schools are not America. A weak nation, or one in a period of good Turks. If you love your children keep them out of these houses of exploitation. transition like Persia, is much more fearful of un- due outside influence than is a strong, well de- The objections to Christian institutions in non- veloped nation like Great Britain. Also a country Christian lands are said to be mainly on these like Russia, that has suffered agonies because of grounds-"Christian missionaries take advantage counterfeit Christianity, is naturally afraid to of our need for education to establish their sample any brand of religion.

schools; they take advantage of our sickness to Christians are persuaded that Christ is the introduce their hospitals; they take advantage of only true and full revelation of the one God-the our poverty to establish industrial missions; they God who is the creator and personal ruler of the take advantage of our misfortunes to gather our universe, the God who is characterized by Light children into orphanages. All this they do to pro- and Life and Love. They are convinced that only mote their own ideas of capitalism, of imperial- as men recognize and obey this God, who is reism, of Western culture, of the Christian religion." vealed in Christ, will they enjoy the blessings of The modern revolt against religion and against this life and enter into the Life beyond. Chrisforeign institutions in these lands seems to be due tians have no selfish aim to serve in missionary to four main causes: propaganda, unless the effort to promote universal (1) The failure of many so-called Christian peace and goodwill can be said to be selfish. True leaders and teachers-as in Russia-to truly re- Christian missionaries enter the service out of veal the God of love, the Christ of sacrifice and love and loyalty to Christ; because they have a service, the Holy Spirit of truth, purity and message of infinite worth to pass on, an experience of untold value to offer to others, and because they power. (2) The close association of Western Christian- see the poverty, the ills, the ignorance, the many ity with foreign militarism, capitalism, control handicaps from which multitudes are suffering; because they are moved by the love of Christ to and culture. People, like the Chinese, cannot relieve the burdened ones. It is not a sense of understand why American Christians lavishly spend money in a foreign land unless they have superiority that moves to this service but a sense of debt to Christ and to fellow humans. It is the some selfish objective. motive that actuates one who has been cured of a (3) The growth of nationalism has developed dread disease and would share the proved remedy a strong determination to control all national with other sufferers; or one who has found a education and to promote national culture and treasure and is moved to use it to relieve the povcustoms. Each country naturally desires to train erty and hunger of those in dire need. The same its future citizens according to its own ideas. motive, intensified, prompts to missionary service as actuates those who offer food to the hungry and (4) Some missionary representatives, Cath- clothes to the naked, in times of famine and flood. olics and Protestants, have undoubtedly made use of unwise or unfair methods of propaganda. A May it not be that the present reaction against few may have sought to win converts by some missionary institutions in nations like China and form of bribery, coercion, fear, or subtle influence. Persia and Turkey, together with the decrease in One instance of such tactics. is enough to give a missionary conributions in America and England, false stamp to the whole enterprise. The moun- and a general call to revise our missionary methtain of good that missionaries do is buried under ods, all point to the wisdom and necessity for such one mole hill of un-Christlikeness. a revision? Has the time come to withdraw from the general and elaborate educational work, and (5) The present day retrogression in religious even from much medical and philanthropic work liberty is not so much due to the power of any in established centers, and to re-emphasize the special cult or to intolerance of a foreign religion as it is due to a tendency to discredit all religion evangelistic and pioneer work in fields where the or a desire to stamp on the nation a purely na- people are still without the Gospel of Christ? tional philosophy and culture. This is true in Mission hospitals and schools have done a great China and in Turkey. work, where they have truly represented the spirit THE SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM and power and message of Christ, but many of them have outgrown their definite missionary What is the way out of the difficulty for mis- purpose and program. They are looked upon as sionaries and for Christian churches in non-Chris- institutions for secular training and service. Do tian lands? The same policy should be accepted we not need to move out into the rural and unoc- for American and British teachers and preachers cupied regions with simpler forms of material in China, for example, as would be acceptable for equipment?

Hindu, Moslem or Mormon propagandists in Christ and His apostles "turned the world up-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

side down," but they never established large in- that the presence of the American Mission, with stitutions with elaborate physical equipment, with its schools, impedes the nationalization of the As- foreign funds and under foreign control. They syrian people of the region. The request for with- went everywhere preaching the Word, healing the drawal has been presented in a friendly way and sick, proclaiming liberty to the captive and recov- the Government has made it clear that, should the ering of sight to the blind. They did it in the face mission so desire, other points in Persia may be of misunderstanding; they endured suffering, occupied by the missionaries leaving Urumia.

persecution and death; they did it without salary The Government has also offered to purchase the and without pensions; they did it in faith and buildings and grounds relinquished by the Mission.

their one purpose was to lead men everywhere to Some missionaries have already left Rezaieh turn to God and to become true followers of Jesus and others are to follow at the close of the present Christ. year of the Persian Calendar, about the twenty- Multitudes of Christians at home are as eager first of March. The closing of this work which as ever to give of themselves and their substance has long been dear to the church in America, sacrificially to make known this Gospel. They be- brings sorrow to many. It was here that many of lieve that it may be proclaimed and lived with the great missionaries to Persia lived and worked; such power as to transform men and to enlist and here many of them lie buried in the historic them in the service of Christ, but they are not little cemetery on the mountainside at Seir, a few interested in making sacrifices to support insti- miles from Urumia. What will become of the tutions that give chiefly secular training or that churches which will now be left to depend largely are well equipped and endowed but that do not upon their own resources? It is our prayerful produce adequate results in winning men and hope that they may receive added strength from women to Christ. the emergency caused by the withdrawal of the Mission.

PRESENT SITUATION IN PERSIA The official who has been carrying on most of The Persian picture today presents both high the negotiations is the present acting Minister of lights and dark shadows. The wave of nationalism which has swept over most nations of Asia Education. He is a graduate of the mission colhas also engulfed Persia. Reza Shah Pahlavi has consolidated and strengthened the Government lege in Teheran and is thoroughly sympathetic to and has brought to the country more stability and security than it has enjoyed for hundreds of years. the mission work. He recently appointed two The policy of the Persian Government made it members of the mission on committees that will necessary to concentrate large forces of troops in the region of Rezaieh, formerly known as Urumia, make recommendations for the revision of the where the first Protestant mission station opened in Persia nearly a century ago. The first Amer- primary and secondary curriculums for schools ican missionaries took up their residence there in throughout Persia. Registration has recently been granted to mission schools so that the re- quest to close the Urumia station should not lead to the conclusion that the present Persian Gov- ernment is opposed to the Christian mission work as a whole. J. CHRISTY WILSON.

the year 1835. During the World War all mem- NEW PROJECTS FOR THE PHILIPPINES bers of the staff were forced to leave Urumia for other fields and the physical plant was demolished After a third of a century under the friendly with the exception of the "Sardari" compound, upbuilding control of the United States, some formerly used by the American School for Boys. restless spirits are champing at the guiding bit This building remained standing because it was and are clamoring, not only for freedom but for used as headquarters for the police. When the independence. When the United States Govern- station was reoccupied after the war this com· ment took over control from Spain, after the pound was turned over to the Girls' School. Other Battle of Manila, the Filipinos were uneducated, buildings were reconstructed by the Mission, in- weak and poor. Many parts of the islands were cluding a new plant for the Boys' School, a new still savage, unsubdued and untouched. Super- hospital, a recitation building for the Girls' School stition, ceremony and ignorance were the chief and several residences. characteristics of the religion promoted by cor- Recently the Persian Government has requested rupt Spanish friars. The people generally were the American Mission to withdraw from Rezaieh illiterate and there was no liberty of religious and the Urumia region, before the first of April. thought and life. Foreigners, other than Spanish This is a border point and the ever-present prob- and some Chinese, were unwelcomed.

lem of the Kurdish tribes in the mountains of the Great changes have taken place under Amer- Persian-Turkish border no doubt justifies military ican protection and tutelage. The islands have concentration there. The Government also feels been brought under control of civilized laws and

despotism has been supplanted by democracy in sionary Boards Related to the Philippine Islands." representative government. This plan became effective on January 1, 1934, with the following Boards cooperating- The physical life of the people has been rejuvenated by sanitation, medical care, new roads, American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions business prosperity and peace. Intellectual life Methodist Foreign Mission Boards has been stimulated by free schools, the press and Presbyterian U. S. A. the great increase of literature. Religious liberty United Brethren is assured and a trained leadership developed for United Christian Missionary Society Church and State. American Bible Society World's Sunday School Union But the Filipino leaders are naturally not satis- American Baptist Foreign Mission Society (probably) fied. They want independence and full authority to determine their own destiny-in spite of men- This American Missionary Council will study acing dangers without and within. As a child together the problems and needs of their field, will supported and trained by his parents, is ambitious review the work, ~nd plan together more effective to strike out for himself, so these Filipinos are methods of promoting the Kingdom of God in the calling for self-determination and control. They Philippines. do not wish to be cut off from the advantages of free trade with America, or the protecting arm On the field this American Council will work of Uncle Sam's Navy, but they are eager to make through the National Christian Council of the their own laws, administer their own courts, select Philippines whose full-time missionary secretary their own rulers and spend their own funds- will be the Rev. E. K. Higdon, who has been the and as much else as they can get. representative of the American Bible Society. It is hoped that, in the interests of unity, economy The Independence Bill presented at Washing- and efficiency, plans may be developed to improve ton has not proved acceptable to the Filipinos. and extend the work of direct evangelism, Chris- Whether any other bill can be drawn that is ac- tian literature and education, medical work, the ceptable to both parties remains to be seen. rural and social program, stewardship and the training of Christian leaders. In the meantime the Protestant missionary agencies at work in the Philippines have been In every mission field the need of the people for preparing to advance their program of coopera- Christ and the blessings of His message of Life tion. About thirty-five years of evangelistic, edu- inspire various missionary-minded societies to cational and medical work have produced wonders undertake to meet this need. This they attempt in spreading a knowledge of the Gospel, in edu- independently, regardless of what others are docating the people, in the distribution of literature, ing. Then, because of differences in theology, in improving health through hospitals and clinics forms, worship, organization or history they find and in the training of Christian leaders. There themselves engaged in competitive missionary are now seventeen evangelical societies at work work. When ideas of comity begin to take hold in the islands-under nine denominations and the efforts are made to divide the territory (as in three interdenominational societies. From the Korea and Puerto Rico), or to form union or cofirst there has been an attempt to divide the ter- operative institutions, as in China and elsewhere. ritory and to promote cooperative effort. A Na- The last step for those not too widely separated tional Christian Council has been formed to in- in doctrine and method is to consolidate churches clude Filipino leaders and representatives of most and institutions, as has been done in some denomof the Protestant missions. inational families in India, China and Japan. After all the aim of Christians is to be so united Now an effort is being put forth to promote to Jesus Christ, and to be so completely under the still further unity and cooperation among the leadership and power of the Holy Spirit that the evangelical missions on the field and among the prayer of Christ may be realized "That all may Mission Boards in America. It is hoped that this be one"-in spirit, in purpose, in the fellowship will not only help to advance the cause of Christ of worship and service. in the Philippines but will be an example of what can be done in other larger and more complex "You young missionaries who desire to fields. put your whole lives into Christian service in A conference on cooperation was held in East Orange, N. J., last June with thirty-five repre- rural Japan should not talk religion at first. sentatives of eleven Boards present. This has been followed by other committee meetings on One whole year-just be kind. The second September 6th and December 15th. As a result a plan was launched with the approval of nine whole year just love the farmers. The third Boards to form "The American Council of Mis- year you may preach Christ-and they will listen to you." TOYOHIKO KAGAWA.

Medical Missions in Arabia?

By W. HAROLD STORM, Muscat, Arabia A Medical Missionary of the Reformed Church in America AT THE close of the sixth century after the Arabian Mission, issued in 1893, we read the fol- .r.. birth of Christ, the Arabian peninsula be- lowing: came the birthplace and cradle of Moham- The one greatest need of the Mission is a medical mismedanism. Succeeding generations witnessed the sionary staff. Medical work is the one phase of missionary phenomenal spread of this new religion from the effort which meets with no opposition, but for which there Arabian desert as the center out over three con- comes a fervent plea from the people. tinents until it reached the shores of the Atlantic on the west and far-off China on the east. Today Bertram Thomas, the great English explorer, there are some 250,000,000 followers of Mo- in his recently published book entitled, "Arabia hammed who bow five times daily towards Mecca, Felix," writes: "My medicine chest has acquired the pilgrimage city in west Arabia. for me a spurious fame and, as ever, afflicted hu- manity was brought to me."

When I paid my first visit to Sur in 1932, no medical missionary had ever been there before. The lame, blind and fevered were brought to me at once. A great crowd had assembled on the sea- front, even before I had landed from our sailboat. No questions were asked. It was enough that here was a doctor and here was suffering hu- manity.

A CARAVAN RESTING OUTSIDE A DESERT TOWN Medical missions have played an important part in advancing the cause of Christ in Arabia Today many parts of the Mohammedan world by the relief of human suffering and by the reare changing very rapidly. Arabia stands alone moval of prejudice, fear and superstition. As a almost adamant and irresistible to change both result the access is gained to minds and hearts from within and without. True, some changes are taking place even in this neglected peninsula. TYPICAL ARAB BEDOUIN OF DHUFAR The next decade will undoubtedly witness many startling transformations in life and habits and that would otherwise be inaccessible. The history customs of the inhabitants of Arabia. The Im- of the Arabian Mission clearly shows that the adperial Airways of Great Britain, the Standard Oil vancement of the Gospel has followed very closely, Company of California and the recent explora- step by step, the path of the missionary physician. tions of Bertram Thomas and St. John Philby have opened this hitherto isolated desert to the There are now seven missionary hospitals in Western world. Commerce is insistantly knock- Arabia (not including Iraq and Syria). On the ing at its doors. Thus far these rapidly develop- east coast the Government also conducts dispening changes have aff~cted but little the mental attitude of the people.

Into such a pioneer field the Arabian Mission of the Reformed Church in America came fortyfive years ago with its message of hope. The medical work of the Mission has been emphasized from the very beginning. The intolerant attitude of the Moslem mind towards the non-Moslem, especially toward a Christian teacher or preacher, gives way to a much more tolerant attitude towards a physician. In the fifth report of the [119 ]

saries at four ports. These hospitals are in per- was Peter Zwemer, one of the pioneers of the manent stations where the early doctors of the Arabian Mission. After thirty years those doors, mission have labored through years of patient long closed, are now being opened for the itinertoil. Slowly prejudice, fear and superstition have ating medical missionary. been broken down as, year after year, people from the towns and Bedouins from the desert have In 1931 a letter came from the Amir of Ja'alan come to the hospital to receive treatment – and asking us to come and treat his brother. For a have returned to their friends and homes with long time the Mission had been praying for such grateful hearts and a new vision of life. Their an opening. Ja'alan is a small section of southexperience was so different from anything they eastern Arabia but the leading tribe there, the Beni Bu Ali, is among the important tribes of A WAYSIDE OPERATION ON THE RUNNING BOARD southeastern Arabia. This call from the ruling Sheikh opened that section for the first time to had known that, after seeing the doctor at work, missionary work. Friendships made at that time they would often ask the reason for his coming are bringing patients into the hospital with among them to do this work. One Arab said to greater confidence and understanding. me one day in the hospital: When the doctor arrived great crowds gathered "Why do you do this to me? I see you are not that had never before seen a trained physician. here for any political reason or for personal gain. Caravans, with their burdens led by wild, greasy Why do you do this for me and my people?" Bedouins, came in great numbers and offered the finest opportunity to spread Christian knowledge I explained the reason and told him that back and influence. of our work was God's love for the Arab people. His eyes opened and I could see that there had In 1932 we made our third tour into unknown dawned within his mind a different conception of territory within three successive years. This us and our Message. Fear and prejudice no longer time we visited Dhufar Province and the desert held sway over him. between there and Muscat. Thousands of Bed- ouins and many tribes saw and were treated by a Opening Closed Doors doctor for the first time. Oh! the thrill of meet- Much of inland Arabia can only be visited oc- ing such groups and thus expressing to them the casionally from the coast towns where our per- spirit and teachings of Christ. manent stations are located. By these tours closed doors are opened, friendships are won, and At present the shortage of men and funds preinaccessible minds are made accessible. vent any further follow-up of these tours, but the In 1930 we made a tour inland to the top of doors stand ajar and Arab friends are shouting: Jebel Akhthar (Green Mountain) where for over "Come and help us." thirty years, the door had been closed. On coming down the mountain side we halted at noon to WAITING TO SEE THE DOCTOR-DISPENSARY CROWD rest while my hospital helper prepared our meal AT JA'ALOU of kabab (meat cut into small pieces and roasted over an open fire). An old gray-bearded Arab The more proficient the doctor, the greater will came up and said: "Thirty years ago I guided be the weight that his message will carry. There another of your people over these same hills." are wonderful opportunities for the medical mis- He could not remember the name of the man but sionary to investigate some of the many diseases he said that the stranger would often sit down and problems that confront him. Thus, from the with them beside the campfire and read to them wealth of clinical material, he can make worthout of his book about Esa (Christ). The man while contributions to his own field of science.

There is also the great field of hygiene and pub- lic health. Come with me to Sur, a city of several

WHY MEDICAL MISSIONS IN ARABIA?

thousand population and a great nomadic center. noon, two Arab men came and said, "Are you not Only one house in Sur has any kind of drainage going to have a service in the hospital this aftersystem. Large dumps are located at the intersec- noon as you do in Muscat? We want you to have tions of street corners, and are higher than the it." native huts surrounding them. These refuse heaps are the play ground for children and the feeding In a field like Arabia, there is the finest opporground for goats. Attempts are being made to tunity to link the medical side of the work up with the whole missionary program. Some critics of A SUR CITY DUMP HEAP AND PLAYGROUND missions are prone to pigeon-hole, almost cate- gorically, the different phases of mission work, combat ignorance and superstition and thereby attaching to each a separate "Modus operandi." to promote better living conditions. Some even treat them as individual entities rather than units having a centralized motivating force We have also the responsibility for safeguard- and working towards one common goal. It is ing the health of fellow missionaries. This is of true that each phase of work has its own peculiar inestimable value in helping to advance the cause requirements. To the medical missionary is asof Christ. A mission station must be healthy to signed the relief of human suffering, scientific rebe efficient. searches in his own field, and the building up of an efficient and workable public health system. To Some would advise medical missionaries not to the agriculturalist is given the problem of makspeak to sick folks about Christ lest we offend ing two blades of grass grow where only one grew them or prejudice their sensitive natures. before. The teacher faces the common problem of teaching the rudiments of learning and the Recently an outstanding Christian worker in task of developing and promoting an efficient edu- America was expressing to me this fear and was cational system. Each has something definite to criticizing missions for doing religious work in contribute to the general program of missions but their medical practice. She 'said that in this country such things were not done. I had been an in- A TYPICAL SCENE~THE SHIP OF THE DESERT tern in one of the large city hospitals, a church hospital of her own denomination. I told her that each should undertake to use his opportunities there compulsory religious services were held in and talents to win men to Christ and His service. each ward as the order of the day. Not only were the patients expected to listen but the nurses as Any ambassador of Christ must have chiefly a well. In Muscat we begin the day's work with passionate, devoted and intense loyalty to the One prayers, but they are in no sense compulsory and whom he represents. We who represent Christ anyone may leave whenever he desires. Personal in Arabia must have a passionate loyalty to Him work is done as the Spirit leads and as oppor- whatever may be our special line of work. tunities offer. As John the Baptist said of himself, "I am the Will the Mohammedan patient be offended if voice of one crying in the wilderness, make he be told about Christ? One morning I was straight the way of the Lord"; so medical misspeaking to the clinic crowd. The theme was sionaries in Arabia can say, "We are helping to Christ's words, "Come unto me and I will give pave the way for the Lord and to declare His you rest." In the midst of the service a very message of peace, joy and salvation." prominent Arab interrupted saying, "That is what we need, go on and explain what Esa (Christ) means when he says that." Several others nodded assent and showed their interest. Certainly no one was offended. In Dhufar, one Sunday after-

Laymen's Inquiry

Disbands n..A FTER over three years of work, resulting in Although the Laymen's Committee has been the publication of "Re-Thinking Missions" deeply concerned to have "Re-Thinking Missions" and the seven supplementary volumes, the understood by the supporters of the missionary Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry Committee has enterprise, it has at no time indulged in any efdecided to disband. While we do not agree with fort to further adoption of the recommendations their conception of the basis and main purpose of contained in the Report. Neither has it ever atforeign missions, we concede that they have ear- tempted to defend them. The position of the nestly endeavored to present the foreign mission committee has been that it was its duty to present enterprise as they see it and have shown more the Report with the Supplemenary series to the Christian spirit and courtesy than some of their American people and let it speak for itself. It opponents. We believe that the Report has been has on request, however, arranged for commisdiscredited because of its departure from the New sioners and fact-finders, as desired, to address Testament basis but that many of its practical groups in different parts of the country who were recommendations will be accepted and put into interested in having the report explained and operation. The Committee's statement is as fol- amplified ….. . lows: Our earnest hope is that the Report will be- The Laymen's Committee, organized to conduct come more and more effective as the inevitability an inquiry concerning foreign missions, feels that of its major recommendations is recognized by the purposes for which the Inquiry was organized an enlightened Christian public. The committee have now been achieved. These purposes were to perceives clearly the rising tide of interest in the make a fair and impartial study of the mission new viewpoint on missions and is profoundly situation in India, China and Japan to aid laymen grateful for the part the Report has played in to determine their attitude toward Foreign Mis- arousing such interest. The committee believes, sions, by reconsidering the functions of such mis- however, that the time has now come when the sions in the world today, with this general aim: program for making the Report effective should be in the hands of another group, with new leader- (a) To make an objective appraisal of their activities ship. in the fields visited. In order to clear the way for this new leader- (b) To observe'the effect of missions on the life of the ship, the committee, after careful consideration, peoples of the Orient. has decided to dissolve. In coming to this decision the committee wishes to express its deep convic- (c) In the light of existing conditions and profiting, tion that the truth in the Report will ultimately though not bound, by missionary experience, to work out prevail. Because of this conviction, they are a practical program for today, offering recommendations willing to leave the Report with the American as to the extent to which missionary activities of every people and disband with the consciousness of havsort should be continued or changed. ing performed their task with honesty, fidelity and a deep desire to serve the cause of missions. Their further duty was to present to the American public the findings of the commission and ALBERT L. SCOTT, Chairman. the facts gathered by the Institute of Social and Religious Research by the publishing of "Re- Thinking Missions" and the seven supplementary volumes. This task has now been accomplished.

AN AFRICAN'S THANKSGIVING I know that it is Jesus who redeemed me from sin. I want to thank the missionaries for enduring the'difficult things of our country. You came to us with joy even though we were so repulsive, and living in little houses one had to crawl into. Now we live in real houses and worship the living God and the Lord Jesus Christ who has saved us. They found us almost naked; now we are clothed. Now we know how to write, to make chairs of the bushrope of our own forest, to make shoes, to sew clothes, not to mention the things of the machines and the many other accomplishments of my brothers. We surpass in giving you thanks.

Silas Nna AbOlO.

[122 ]

Challenge of the Present

* nDo New World Conditions Call for Changes in Missionary Method and Policy?"

-.. ~ By the REV. CHARLES R. WATSON, D.D.

I President of the American University at Cairo, Egypt A WIDELY prevalent view persists that we sionary boards of America, in their financial years are living to-day in critical and changing which ended in 192'9, received $21,489,089; four conditions. There are those to whom the years later, namely, during the year ending in word "new" arouses reactions of anxiety, if not 1933, they received but $15,007,540, or 69 per cent of fear or hostility. It represents fundamentally of their former high water mark. We compare to them discontinuity, loss, the the American staff under ap- imperiling of the assured val- pointment (including wives) ues of the old. It spells risk. The outstanding paper pre~ and find a reduction of 10 per It is not in that sense that we sented at the Foreign Mis~ cent for the same period, al- conceive of the unfolding of the sions Conference at Garden though the effort was generally aty is the one printed here world's development, or the made to avoid reductions in opening up of new chapters of in a slightly condensed form. personnel. In some boards the world's history. To us, the there are only half .as many old is ever in the new; it is It created a sensation and missionaries on the field as carried over; the new grows there were ten years ago. Nor out of the old; yet it is new and prolonged applause, for it does the financial barometer different, and if different, it faces the facts frankly, con~ show any sign of rallying; no calls for different attitudes and siders the causes for the ap~ one knows when it will stop methods, different approaches dropping. parent recent recession in missionary interest, the les~ sons and the remedy. It is a statesman ~ like presentation and policies. and every Christian will be The results of this financial There are three places in the encouraged to see the evidence stringency in the mission field missionary enterprise which of wise planning on the part are striking and tragic. Varimay call for corresponding of missionary executives to ous stages have been passed changes. The first is in the through. The first was a mere foreign field, in the method of follow the guidance of the pruning without actual loss. It conducting the missionary en- Spirit of God and to accept is remarkable, whether in a terprise abroad. The second is HThe Challenge of the Pres~ family budget or a mission's at home in the method of ad- ent Crisis" courageously, in~ budget, how a considerable ministering the work. The financial reduction may be ac- telligently and sacrificially. Keeping first things first, we must advance to victory in the third is in the form of the ap- name and power of Christ. cepted without loss of essential peal to the supporting con- values. But quickly missions stituency at home. were required to pass to a sec- New Financial Stringency ond stage of relluction, where salaries were cut 10 per cent, replacement of missionaries ceased, First among the new world conditions affecting native workers were discharged, certain instituthe missionary enterprise is the financial strin- tions were closed. Nor was it possible to stop gency. For certain boards the high water mark here. A third stage had to be entered where of missionary receipts was reached in 1920 or soon a second cut, sometimes a third cut, in salaries was after, so that for them the downward trend pre- inflicted-as much as 33 per cent. Missionaries at ceded the financial crisis of 1929. But the decline home on furlough were not returned to the field, was slight and we will note only that marked financial decline which has accompanied our na- all furloughs were postponed one year, mission- tional financial crisis. Eight major foreign mis- aries were even recalled, in some cases properties were sold. As a result in many areas discourage- * Condensed from an address delivered at the Foreign Missions ment has set 'In; health'IS. be'Ing endangered ; Conferene", Garden City, L. 1., New York, January 4, 1934.

[123 ] ' ..

morale is none too good; while outside the mis- financial but maximum spiritual program, based sionary circle we hear talk of missions having had on available resources, but which will indicate at their day, being at the end of their cycle. the same time special directions in which unex- pected resources might be invested. Meanwhile at the home base, boards are distracted with banking problems, board secretaries Seventh. If the foregoing plan were adopted, are absorbed in promotion activities if perad- it would become obvious that where two or more venture by one more speech another dollar or thou- boards are operating in the same area, these consand dollars may be secured. We have no inten- ferences on field policy should be coordinated. tion of picturing the situation as one of panic or Thus there would emerge a united mission policy of rout. Faith and courage have triumphed but for the entire area, where the funds and forces strong language is needed to portray adequately and activities of all the missions will at least be the sense of strain and the degree of damage consciously related to each other in one unified wrought. field program, even though holding to their sepa- rate mission organization. Nothing would chal- False inferences of all sorts might be drawn lenge unity on the field so much as to have the from this picture. But we are discussing the situ- representatives of the several boards visit a given ation for purposes of diagnosis with a view to field at the same time, conduct their investigations cure, so that we do well to face up to its implica- and study the problems of the field in collaborations. The implications of this situation seem to tion with each other or even together. Perhaps us to be as follows: the greatest achievements in missionary states- manship, the greatest increase in missionary ef- First. Missions are in for a reduced scale of fectiveness, the greatest economies in missionary operations amounting to from one-third to two- administratioll and the greatest inspiration in thirds of their former financial budgets. Christianity unity may yet come out of this de- pression if it results in the adoption for each mis- Second. The period of financial stringency seems sion field of a unified missionary program, in likely to last in the case of foreign missions for which church and boards and missions already at least three more years and possibly five. working in that area shall pool their men and their money, their minds and their hearts, their policies Third. The need of the hour is a program of and their methods, in one plan, to bring Christ to missionary activities in each field which will con- that area. sist not in a proportional reduction of the various elements of the former program, but a program We have been thinking of new policies for the completely recast and conceived in terms of the sake of their value to the field, but it is to be noted resources of money and men available; as also in that there are values of enormous significance to terms of other new conditions. the home Church in any such developments: for the example of such Christian unity and the chal- Fourth. The working out of a constructive pro- lenge of such comprehensive and creative thinking gram adapted to the new financial situation would will not be lost on the life of the Church in Amerbring to each field a sense of strength and security, ica, and might move it as nothing yet has done. of courage and hope, contrasting sharply with the sense of uncertainty now observable in many The New National Consciousness places. Weare witnessing to-day in almost every mis- Fifth. The working out in each field of such a sion field a national or racial consciousness and new program is justified by the probable five-year sensitiveness that introduces a new factor into continuance of the present financial stringency, both our missionary problems and our missionary and because five years from now, we shall be opportunities. Fifty years ago, the Egyptian with facing conditions so greatly changed that the ad- whom my father dealt was merely a human atom. vances we shall wish to undertake will lie in direc- He thought of himself as a poor man or as a rich tions quite other than in any mere revival and man, as a man of rank and power or as a man of extension of suspended activities. no honor, but he was just an unrelated individual, unless indeed he thought of his religion and was Sixth. The working out of a new program for thus related to his religious group as a member each mission field constitutes an undertaking so of the Islamic brotherhood or as a member of the difficult that it is going to require the combined Coptic Church. This was the only group consciousbrain and heart power of the boards at home, the ness that came to him. To-day his consciousness missionaries abroad and the native leaders both is, "I am an Egyptian; my country is Egypt."· lay and clerical. To this end, it would seem neces- This national consciousness has brought with it sary for each board to allocate at least one of its a whole set of feelings, of ambitions. The rise of strongest minds to visit each mission during this coming year, 1934-35, so as to sit down in conference with missionaries and native leaders on the field and to work out a five-year minimum

1934J THE CHALLENGE OF THE PRESENT CRISIS

nationalism has imparted to certain groups of allowing them to germinate in the life of a people humanity a consciousness of national egoism and producing what they may of theological interpre- egotism, national aspirations and attitudes. This tation, of social outworking, of ecclesiastical or- is something new: a new dynamic made available ganization, we bring in our foreign conceptions, and a new problem to be reckoned with. For il- so that, as Dr. Richter complains, in almost every lustration, listen to the recent complaint of a land the Christian Church is felt to be a foreign Turkish national as he passes in review your mis- church, however much we call it indigenous. Is it sion schools. The following appeared a few months any wonder that the emerging nationalistic con- ago in the Birlik representing the Students' Union sciousness should find in the work and methods of in the new higher educational institutions of missions something inimical and objectionable, Turkey: not because it is Christian but because it is alien "For long years the harmfulness of the foreign schools and foreign? One thinks of how Christ has slipped for the country has been emphasized over and over again, into our Western life with none of these disabilat conferences or through newspaper articles. . . . To un- ities, Oriential though He was. Must we not derstand the harmfulness of the foreign schools, we should modify our missionary enterprise so that it will first define the function of education. . . . 'Education is permit Him, with equal inoffensiveness, to slip into the socialization of the young generation.' … Who is it the life of China and Arabia, India and Japan, to- day? What, then, are some of the implications of that, in a foreign school, influences the development of the child? . . . It is a Catholic priest, or a 'Miss from New York,' or an Italian fascist, or a German nationalist, a this new world missionary situation?

member of another society-in short, a foreigner. . . .

When we pass to its educational function, we meet first What Must We Do? of all a moral education. You are constantly lectured about 'character building.' This work of 'character build- First. That we clothe the entire missionary en- ing' is without exception undertaken by American teach- terprise with a new spirit of humble, deferential ers and all the activities of the school are centered on this service. If the Christian missionary be a superior point. . . . The material for the inculcation of 'character being, or the bearer of a superior culture, let it building' is usually taken from the Gospels, without, how- not be his lips or bearing that will proclaim that ever, telling the student at the start what the source of the selection it. Another important activity of the schools fact, nor even his consciousness of it that will is the student discussion group. These are directed very keep alive a knowledge of this fact. Let it be those ingeniously and the student is always led in a certain to whom he goes who will bear testimony to it. As definite channel of thinking. This may be, for example, for the missionary, let him be the servant of Jesus such a virtue as honesty or purity of heart. But the striking point is this, that the paths that lead to these Christ, ever ready to be all things to all men: let virtues, though concealed at the start, all pass through that suffice for him. Christianity." However, the new day calls not merely for a Nor do such attitudes and feelings limit them- new spirit in the missionary, but a new spirit in selves to mere words. They take the form of gov- the sending churches. These foreign peoples to ernment decrees and legislation limiting the lib- whom we go are within hearing distance to-day erty of action of the missionary. In Persia, all as our missionary achievements are being reported elementary schools are forbidden to the mission- to the home churches. They read our promotion ary. In Turkey, all religious work is banished literature, our mission study textbooks, and they from the schools. So great is the national sensi- say, "We do not like the way you speak of us; it tiveness that, as a missionary from Turkey said is often harsh and unkind, sometimes even un- to me, "They do not want us to do anything for true; we do not like the way you glory in your them; they want to do it themselves. Even if it spiritual achievements among us; we thought you be a beneficent activity-an industrial school, an were serving us disinterestedly and, 10, we find orphanage, social welfare-they are jealous of our you nailing our spiritual scalps as trophies upon very success in operating such centers." the walls of your home churches; you glory in Missions, of course, were not primarily responsi- the breakdown of our culture and social fabric ble for the appearance of nationalism, yet one asks and time-hallowed traditions; you boast of numwhether missionary policy has not aggravated bers drawn out of the social life of the country and the situation and in certain quarters brought incorporated into your foreign organizations, inupon the enterprise the hostility that has been en- stead of rejoicing in the reconstruction of our gendered. Alas, to this emerging nationalism, how native life itself by the purifying spirit of Christ."

obvious is our Nordic superiority attitude! How Allowing for an oversensitive nationalistic spir- manifest our foreign character! How insistent we it, is there not much force in what they say? If are upon our foreign ways, our architecture, our so, must we not impart a truer Christian spirit to organizational forms, our ritual, our hymnology our missionary addresses, to our appeals to the and our theology! How impatient for results, so home Church, and awaken a living passion for that instead of planting principles and ideas and missionary service in some more loving way, so

that the legitimate rights of this new nationalistic forms, our social conceptions, instead of constantly consciousness and sensitiveness shall be respected challenging him to take the spiritual content, and not only on the field but at home? to do creative thinking in his own racial terms, Second. A further implication of the national- following his own racial spirit and temper. And istic development is that we must transfer ad- because human nature for the most part is willing ministrative responsibility and leadership to nat- to be told what to believe and what to do, our ive shoulders wherever possible, even at some missionary Gospel yields to the temptation and be- sacrifice of administrative efficiency. In several comes dictatorial and dogmatic, where it ought to countries there are Christian nationals, or even a remain spiritual, ever challenging to creative native Christian organization, to whom responsi- thinking. Where Christ preached principles, our bility may be transferred. The emphasis placed evangelism inclines to lay down rules. Where He upon this policy of transfer carries implications in generated life, we tend to create organization. two opposite directions. On the one hand ther~ Against our error, this new racial and nationalistic are many situations where progress in the direc- sensitiveness is an unconscious protest.

tion of such transfer has become deadlock; strong The Rising Generation personalities or tenacious Western policies rule the day and it will be one of the tasks of the new policy A third factor in the present-day mISSIOnary makers, to see that this principle is adequately ac- situation is the attitude of the rising generation cepted in practice. But in the very opposite direc- toward Christian missions. No more vital or more tion, provision must also be made, simultaneously serious question can be raised than this: Are and by way of compensation, for a new type of foreign missions commanding the interest and almissionary service. Where leadership is given to legiance of the younger generation? If not, then a reasonably equipped native leader, he should be we may go on for a while, with the financial gifts given a helper-may we call him "the new day of a loyal but diminishing group of the old guard missionary"-who will forever obliterate himself, and with the support of legacies registering the as he persistently helps, guides, reenforces, ad- interest of a by-gone age, but, for all that, the vises the national who has been put into the place handwriting on the wall marks the impending end of leadership, so that the latter will not fail, will of the enterprise. This problem, we believe, is a not cease advancing, will not give up creative world problem, but each country has its own pecuthinking. How difficult is this task! How hard to liar mentality characterizing its rising generation. find this ideal missionary for the new day! Yet At three points we find a changed outlook in this the new day has sounded the challenge and ulti- younger generation.

mately all our missionaries must be of this type 1. The first is in their attitude toward nonand all work must be conducted in this spirit. The Christian religions. The sacred books of other repronoun of the future must be not "our," but ligions have been translated and are seen to con- "their." tain many praiseworthy spiritual truths. Amer- Third. Another implication of this wave of na- ican education assumes the evolutionary principle tionalistic feeling is that we must modify our evan- in the physical world and this concept naturally gelistic methods and make them more spiritual. pervades all other spheres of thought. The wide- I use "evangelistic" in the widest sense of our spread philosophy of values and the value ap- total presentation of Christ to the non-Christian proach to all problems have tended to legitimize world. Our presentation of Christ has not been non-Christian religions. The deep discontent with adequately spiritual and creative. It has not been the achievements of Christianity itself in dealing adequately spiritual in that it has not emphasized with social, economic and international relations spirit, but form. We have been too certain of just has weakened the sense of assurance about its what He would spell in the life of these peoples, value to the world. This attitude toward nonwhose historic background ~nd culture is so dif- Christian religions may lead to a syncretistic view ferent from ours and is to-day asserting its nation- of religion or to a maudlin sentimentalism about al and racial character. We are in a hurry, so we the beauties of Orientalism. However, its values impose our ready-made interpretations. We are are not to be denied.

also afraid that other significanes of Christ may 2. Another feature in the changed outlook of not be quite correct, so we suggest to them what youth is the indifference to organized religion, or Christ has signified to us, as the only significance actual distaste for it. It is conceded that all good possible. Thus we block creative thinking and cre- causes must take form and maintain a measure of ative living by the very methods we use and the organization, and that religion will need a measure very spirit we display in our evangelism. We chal- of organization, but such organization must only lenge the inquirer to take our theological formulas, be allowed an instrumental value, not an intrinsic our ecclesiastical organizations, our ritualistic value. The church is regarded as one more great

THE CHALLENGE OF THE PRESENT CRISIS

domineering organization that has built itself up your young missionary leaders and administra- to the point where its organization exceeds its life. tors ?" History records the inspiring rallying of All of this explains a general falling away of youth young life in America to the cause of foreign mis- from the church, and it must be confessed that to sions that followed hard, over forty years ago, some extent foreign missions seems to youth open upon the appearance in the ranks of leaders and to the same criticism. Missionary reports with missionary administrators of two young men, their emphasis on churches established, communi- John R. Mott and Robert E. Speer. The word ran, cants enrolled, fail to interest him. It all sounds among the youth of this country, like the whisper like mere organizational development. What he of a breeze foretelling a great and mighty wind, wants to know is how society has been changed, "This is our movement. This is a challenge to our what influence is being exerted upon the com- generation." Is it not time for history to repeat munity, what difference is really made in the life itself?

of a non-Christian when he becomes a Christian. New Intimacies of Contact 3. A third feature of youth's outlook centers in A fourth factor in the world situation has to the question, What are the issues that really mat- do with the new intimacies of contact between soter to-day in respect to world progress? The an- called Christian and non-Christian lands. Formerswer of American youth seems to be, "Three ly the government's diplomatic representatives things: economic and social justice, race and inter- and the Christian missionary constituted the two national relations, the abolition of war." Up these chief contacts between East and West. Now, with three roads goes the idealistic thought life of the facilities of travel, the extension of commerce American youth. The question therefore asked, and the numerous forms of inter-communication, implicitly or explicitly, is, Are foreign missions one might almost say that Shanghai is in New serving these three ends, or is it just an artificial York State, Cairo is in France, and Bombay is in movement, a bit of propaganda for setting up Sussex County, England. Who is it who is inchurch organization in foreign lands to the glory fluencing Egypt, for example? The Englishman of the Church at home. in the Residency, the foreigner in the commercial The Implications of This Situation house, the tourist at Shepheards Hotel, the mis- The first implication of this serious situation sionary, the foreign press, the latest book from has to do with the appeal and message to youth. Paris, the movie from Hollywood, the radio mes- The missionary movement must learn to speak the sage from anywhere? Which is speaking the loudlanguage of youth and to view the world from est, making the deepest dent upon the life of the youth's point of view. The theological statements country? Gone are the sheltered days of comparaand language of a generation ago do not as a rule, tive isolation, and the missionary enterprise is segrip the youth of to-day. The missionary message riously affected thereby. Upon his nation and relifor them must be concrete and factual. It must gion are heaped the odium of the iniquitous stress the humane side of non-Christian religions capitUlations of the Near East, the use of gunand show a spirit of appreciation of all that is boats in China, the scandals of the exploitation of good. It must elaborate not the organizational de- natives in the Congo, the abuses of the mining revelopment of the work, but its practical outcome gions of Rhodesia, the spread of intemperance and in life. It must be able to trace the vitalizing narcotics with centers in Switzerland, the white power of the spiritual truth which the mission- slave traffic promoted from Greece. Gone are the ary carries to foreign lands, so that youth may see old barriers of ocean and language and timidity. the connection between it and the transformation The world is one great neighborhood. What are of social conditions. It must have a spiritual qual- the implications of this new situation? We name ity and be pervaded with a consciousness of a liv- but two.

ing God at work in the world. Can we who advo- First. We cannot shirk responsibility for the cate missions be sufficient for these things? The moral quality of our so-called Christian world.

prize is worth the effort, for unless foreign mis- Where it is unworthy it will hamper us in our sions capture the imagination of the rising Chris- task. We must, therefore, do what we can to re- tian generation, they will not support it, but will move the offenses of Western civilization. We seek some other expression of world service. may repUdiate the capitulations and all gunboat The other implication is that Christian youth protection, as was done at Jerusalem. We may must be given a larger and more responsible share protest until Belgian Congo injustices are ended, in the leadership of the foreign missionary move- as we did. We may appeal to high-minded officials ment. A veteran in missionary service, when to treat natives with justice and humanity by asked to express his opinion about the missionary making such high grade studies of conditions as situation in Great Britain, focussed his entire Mr. Merle Davis has recently made in Central criticism in one devastating question, "Where are Africa. We may do what we can to Christianize

Hollywood for the sake of the ends of the earth economic upheavals for the foreign missionary enwhose imaginations it is polluting. All this we terprise? must do and much more, but to do it successfully we must pay the price. And the price is a unity First. The foreign missionary enterprise should which will enable us to speak with one voice and certainly not allow itself or its message to be idenheart. tified with any particular economic system. It has supporters among those whose present activi- Second. The missionary movement must work ties lie within the capitalistic system, since this out some constructive and positive program which has been the only economic system of the past. will make use of these more intimate contacts of Some of these personalities are sincere defenders East with West. It is not enough to try to check of capitalism. Others are laboring to modify its the evil. These contacts afford new opportunities form, if not to displace it altogether. On the other whose cultivation may possess greater significance hand, there are idealists who would identify the than older methods. For example, there is a place Christian message at home and abroad with what to-day for a great program of interchange of they describe as the pure altruistic spirit of a thought between East and West through visits of communistic world. The reason why Christian men of world reputation. Why should Chinese missions must hold aloof from identification with Christianity be left without any defender in high either capitalism or communism is not to lay places against the insidious anti-religious philos- claim to support from both sides, but because, like ophy of a Bertrand Russell? Has the Christian Christianity itself, it has no business to endorse Church no men or ability through whom to counter concrete political or economic programs and orsuch influences? So, too, with literature. The ganizations, but only to set forth Christian princistreams that are flowing from West to East under ples of love and justice and truth and Christian purely commercial guidance are to a large extent service, all of which must take form through the polluted streams. Where is a Christian literature creative judgment of men, everywhere subject to agency sufficiently well organized and well in- error and even self-deception. formed and representative to serve this phase of the new intimate contacts of East and West? A Second. Another implication is that in this richer and more practical unity among the Chris- great economic upheaval Christian missions, even tian forces is the price of such a service to the as also the Christian Church at home, should world. speak forth in unmistakable terms those great Christian principles of love and justice and service In these and other ways, the new intimacies of and human brotherhood, and condemning with contact between East and West challenge us to equal courage every denial of these principles in new lines of approach and new methods of work. whatever system such denial is found. Nor does any mere declaration of principles suffice; it is the New Economic Upheaval function of Christianity to breed a generation of leaders and reformers who with patience and per- The fifth factor in the world situation is the sistence, with wisdom and with boldness, will seek world-wide questioning of the economic order. It to find the best way for enthroning Christ in the has been well said that all other world changes economic and social life of the nations. It speaks find their rootage in this: the financial stringency ill for the Christian Church, if it cannot heartily quite obviously, the accentuated nationalistic feel- support such men as Kagawa, who are baptized ing, and the changed attitude of the rising genera- with the Spirit of Christ even unto sacrifice and tion. Capitalism, as it has functioned hitherto, crucifixion. has evidently been weighed in the balance against a number of varieties of human good and has been Third. A last implication of the present ecofound wanting. The drift is away from capitalism nomic situation has to do with the future support and individualism toward some form of collectiv- of missions. It may be that, as never before, the ism. Meanwhile at the opposite extreme beckons foreign missionary enterprise must appeal to the communism. Many who endorse the collective rank and file of Christians of small means. It has ideals of communism, draw back with horror always been true that the bulk of missionary from its proposed violent methods for realizing its monies has come from small gifts, yet the future ends. As a method of government, pure democracy may show markedly diminishing returns from inalso has suffered a severe setback, and while Amer- vestments, from legacies and from living donors ica is yielding voluntarily to a wholly unpre- of great wealth. This work will remain the recedented centralization of power, other lands- sponsibility of that circle of Christians whose love Italy, Turkey and Germany-have submitted to can fly across the ocean and whose experience of fascist rule. On these stormy seas is tossed the Christ makes them believe in His ability to save frail bark of foreign missions. What course shall the world. But this circle needs to be broadened, it steer? What are the implications of the present for one only needs to see the wanton expenditure

of money to-day, even in these times of supposed tianity itself: for the foreign missionary movedepression, in pleasure, in social life, in luxuries ment has been the most spiritual, the most dynamand in amusements, to realize that it is not lack of ic and the most vision-creating element in the money that makes for retrenchment in missions, Church's life. If new life does not gush forth but the fact that we have not yet begun to give here, the whole life of American Christianity is Christ's world-program a serious place in our con- in for a moribund period. Our greatest enemy is ception of Christian duty and Christian life. complacency, inertia, apathy-an apathy which stands over against great cataclysms and says, Can We Do It? "Where is the promise of His presence? for, from the day that the fathers fell asleep, all things con- I verily believe that what matters most is not tinue as they were from the beginning of creawhether the five world conditions described as tion." On the other hand, if we take the pilgrim new are the only ones or even the more important attitude of pressing on to the discovery of the ones, whether the implications suggested are the Eternal Creative Mind, there are ahead of us hard correct ones or not. The chief point is whether disciplines, severe sacrifices of cherished ways, the foreign missionary enterprise is capable of long and thoroughgoing studies of difficult probbreaking forth with new creative energy and new lems, but also inspiring discoveries of God's will -spiritual power in this great moment of crisis in and glad surprises of His love and power. the world's history. It is not foreign missions alone that is at stake, it is the Church and Chris- THEORY AND PRACTICE By PROFESSOR M. C. McFEETERS, ASSIUT COLLEGE, EGYPT "It is suggested that before missionaries undertake further experiments in cattle breed~ ing, the problems involved be carefully analyzed by a committee consisting of a livestock geneticist, an animal nutritionist, a veterinarian, an agricultural engineer, and an agricultural economist …… The results up to date are disappointing, but adequate to show that nothing short of a large scale (at least a thousand head of cattle) and long time (at least a hundred years) experiment, under the best genetic, nutrition, and health experts. working on a plan in harmony with economic needs, is likely to yield dependable results."-From "Re-Thinking Missions," page 222.

Since such an extremely "large scale" experimental program is demanded as a prelim- inary to any cattle improvement on a mission field, we are prompted to wonder how any of the improved purebred cattle of Europe and America have managed to arrive at their present degree of productiveness and perfection. In the case of none of the prominent breeds of cattle does the history af agriculture make record 0f any such concentrated and extensive program of development.

At Assiut College, although not one of the college committee of seven could qualify either as a specialized geneticist, nutritionist, veterinarian, agricultural engineer, or economist, we imported four purebred Jersey cattle during the summer of 1928 …… None of these imported Jerseys has died or become worthless. On the contrary, they seem to be in fine fettle and the three cows are out-milking an opposing row uf eight native Egyptian cows. The young pure- bred Jersey stock, born and reared in Egypt, is refusing to be in the least handicapped by its unusual climate and environment. They are uniformly giving promise of possessing dairy char- acteristics and a productive capacity well up the scale toward that of the purebred Jerseys …..

Financially the dairy depends upon its income and is a success. After paying all current expenses for feed, labor, etc., the dairy has been building itself up both in numbers and in needed equipment. Of total livestock, young and mature, there are now over 50 head ….. .

Thus far, proceeds from the sale of stock have been negligible, yet credit for the success is due in large measure to the persistent productive capacity of the Jerseys themselves.

Constantly increasing interest in the experiment, its methods and its possibilities, is being manifested by all Egyptian observers. . . . .. The ultimate aim of the experiment in dairying is not just to demonstrate the superior value of the Jerseys. It is to show that, given produc- tive stock and proper management, Egypt, with the possibility of her twelve or more crops of alfalfa each year, possesses ready resources for a profitable and permanent dairy industry, supplementary to cotton growing. With the economic handicap on the majority of our people thus lightened, they will be more able to give their children at least a Christian elementary education, more able to support their own churches, and more able to advance our aggressive Egyptian home mission enterprise. -The United Presbyterian.

Experience ofthe China InlandMission

Testimony and Observations on the Present Situation By the REV. ROBERT HALL GLOVER, D.D., M.D.

Home Director of the China Inland Mission, Philadelphia, Pa.

T HE China Inland Mission has naturally felt een new central stations and forty-six outstations the effect of the world-wide economic depres- were opened. sion, in common with all other missionary The total income of the China Inland Mission agencies as well as with Christians and non-Chris- for the five completed years (1928-1932), as comtians everywhere. It is only right that the Lord's puted in U. S. currency, was an increase of 6% children should share in such testings along with over that of the preceding five years (1923-1927), those around them, and thus be while the income from North enabled to sympathize and to America showed an increase of show how such trials can be Have all mISSIOns suffered 26.4 % for the same period. Durfaced with equanimity through alike in the present financial ing the first three years of this trust in God. depression? Is retrenchment last five-year period the income inevitable? Can the situa~ steadily rose. Receipts in 1929 These conditions have com- tion be remedied; if so, how? were the largest for any year pelled us to keep constantly in These are some of the ques~ in' the history of the Mission, prayer, have led to deep heart- etmiaoirnnndsesstthaaadntvdaorcetahteeosccopurfpaytyhienergsmithso~ef and these were again almost searchings and to a careful sionary cause. That human mistakes have been made, all equaled in 1930. The income scrutiny of financial policies will acknowledge. How can during 1931 and 1932 fell off and expenditures, and have considerably as compared with taught us spiritual and prac- they be remedied? Have we the two preceding record years, tical lessons of great value. leaned too much on the arm and that for 1932-at least as But they have also afforded a expressed in U. S. currencyfresh opportunity of proving of flesh? God's arm is not was the lowest in several years. the unchanging faithfulness of shortened that it cannot save. our covenant – keeping God, THhisepunerpedosetohacsarnroyt cohuatngHedis. These comparative figures, whose promises are not affected program is as great as ever. however, fall far short of tell- The experiences of one mis~ by altered conditions in the ing the whole story. To begin world, and whose power and with, the constant fluctuations resources continue infinite and sion may help to answer some of international m 0 n e y exavailable. To His glory let me of our questions. change constitute a very impor- testify that the actual needs of tant factor. For example, the the China Inland Mission have total income of the C. I. M. in heen supplied right up to the present time. No 1932, while showing a decrease as compared with debt has been incurred, no old workers have been 1931 in U. S. currency, shows an actual increase withdrawn, no new recruits have been declined or when expressed in English sterling. Even more held back for financial reasons. In the last five important is the relation between all Western years more than 400 new workers have been sent monies and the silver currency of China. While out, and at the beginning of 1933 our list of mis- the Mission's gross income in 1931, reckoned in sionaries in active service stood at 1,326, the U. S. money, was $300,000 less than in 1930, yet largest number in the history of the Mission. the smaller amount remitted to China in 1931 Far from suffering any setback, the work of the actually yielded almost as much in Chinese cur- Mission on the field has, during these very years rency as did the larger sum in 1930. The vital of depression, made one of the most aggressive bearing of this fact upon the support of the Mis- advances in its history, both in extension into new sion is obvious, inasmuch as all expenditures for territory and in the development of the indigenous the work and workers on the field are in Chinese church in areas already occupied. In 1932 eight- currency.

[ 130 ] These instances show how inconclusive, and China Inland Mission but solely upon my personal even misleading, may be a mere study of com- conviction and responsibility. parative figures in anyone particular currency. The only true criterion of estimate, after all, is Some Practical Observations the measure in which the needs of the work are actually provided for. These needs fluctuate from 1. Since only a vital Christian experience can year to year. There have been instances in these beget true missionary concern and zeal, and such recent years of exceptionally heavy financial de- Christian experience is usually the product of mands for much needed buildings or other special sound evangelical preaching and teaching, it is objects, and the Lord, who has foreseen every inevitable that in the large and increasing numsuch need, has graciously provided for it in His ber of churches in which such preaching and own way, whether by increased gifts or by un- teaching have ceased missionary interest has usually favorable exchange. waned; hence missionary giving has declined. People give to that which they believe in and con- God's ways of dealing with the Mission have not sider worth while, and only those to whom Jesu:-; always been the same. In one recent year the Christ is a living reality will be enthusiastic to larger portion of the supplies came from North send His gospel to other lands. America, while in the succeeding year the bulk of income was contributed in Great Britain. Some- 2. Back of the churches are the theological semtimes the needs have been met by a .large number inaries which train their leaders. It is common of small donations, at other times mainly by large knowledge that a large number of these semgifts or legacies. When the exchange has been inaries no longer teach the truths of New Testaagainst us God has given us a larger income in ment Christianity, but instead they teach human home countries; when it has been in our favor doctrine and philosophy. Can anyone fail to see this has been His means of meeting our need. It the logical effect of this in blighting the spiritual has been deeply impressive to observe how an all- life of the churches under such leadership and knowing and faithful God has repeatedly over- thus weakening or destroying their missionary ruled conditions of every sort and adjusted both interest? gifts and exchange to the meeting of the actual needs of the work from year to year. 3. Even in theological seminaries which are still sound in doctrine the subject of Christian mis- As to the cause of decreased contributions, there sions is either not dealt with at all or is given can be no question but that this has, in large meas- altogether inadequate attention. Hence the gradure, been due to economic conditions. Many let- uates of these seminaries do not volunteer for this ters from former donors express their deep re- service and are not qualified to instruct, guide and gret at being unable to continue giving, or having inspire their churches regarding missions. to reduce their gifts. The number of donations during the last five years has fluctuated in about 4. It is high time that "modernism" and evanthe same ratio as the amount of the total receipts gelical Christianity should be recognized as two and although appeals for funds are never made, distinct and irreconcilable systems of belief. Conevery year a considerable' number of new donors firmed modernists place little or no value upon has been added-for example, more than 500 in evangelistic missionary work of the old order, and North America in 1932. This is a most cheering hence are not eager to support it. It is equally illustration of how God provides from one source clear that true evangelicals strongly disapprove or another, regardless of circumstances. of modernistic doctrines and policies, and hence hesitate to contribute toward missionary work of Throughout a long series of C. 1. M. autumn which they have any suspicion on that score. Bemeetings held at more than a score of centers in tween the two classes it is not hard to see how eastern Canada and the United States, as well as missionary support is restrained. The only satisin contacts and correspondence with other parts factory solution would seem to be a clean-cut sepof this continent, we have found unabated mis- aration of these two. wholly different missionary sionary interest on the part of spiritually minded enterprises, leaving each to be supported by those and missionarily enlightened Christians. This is who believe in it. ,; irrespective of their present ability to contribute financially. The number of enrolled intercessors 5. It would seem that many church members in our Prayer Union has steadily increased, and have never seen world evangelization in the true the spirit of prayer among these several hundred scriptural light as the primary aim and task of groups never was finer. the Church to which all else should be subsidiary and contributory. Simply to regard it as one In venturing a few remarks bearing upon cer- among a dozen equally important (or unimportain questions which the present situation has tant!) things means that in a time of financial raised, let me say that I am not speaking for the stress missionary support will be diminished or dropped as something which can be slighted in

favor of other claims. A true conviction as to the to put on special drives for funds, or to resort to primacy of missions is needed to make their continued support, at any cost or sacrifice of other new mechanical schemes or devices. The root of things, imperative. the trouble must be recognized and dealt with. But we need to be reminded that God never intended this work to be carried out easily; sacri- There is no depression in heaven. God's power fice and self-denial are at the very heart of missions and should characterize missionary giving and resources remain unchanged and are still no less than missionary going. God has never provided so that His people can gratify every selfish available. Hudson Taylor claimed that "God's desire and evangelize the world. They can only choose to do the one or the other. If the carrying work, done in God's way, will never lack God's of the Gospel to the whole world burdened the heart of the Church today as it did the heart of supply," and God vindicated this claim. the Apostolic Church, I dare to affirm that there would be no missionary retrenchment even in the I am convinced that our problem at root is face of the present financial conditions. spiritual rather than financial. What is needed If these observations are correct then obviously the solution of the problem lies in the righting of most of all is a heaven-sent revival which will the wrong spiritual conditions. It will avail little bring with it a return to the convictions as to the authority of the Word of God, obedience to His revealed will in the missionary message and pro- gram, the whole-hearted consecration, the prayer- ful and sacrificial spirit of the church at Pente- cost. This, and only this, will effectually solve the problem of missionary support, as well as every other missionary problem, by giving God an op- portunity to show His mighty power. .

Follow Christ and Carry On One large mission in China, hearing that their fifty-eight churches that have hitherto supported Board at home was considering the necessity of withdrawing some workers from the field because individual missionaries, have now so reduced or of lack of support from the churches in America, sent word offering to take a fifty per cent cut, cut off their gifts that some fifty of these workers and to adjust it in reduced salaries and other expenses on the field, rather than have the work -some of the best on the field-are in danger of curtailed and some missionaries withdrawn. being stranded and may be withdrawn. While there are doubtless benefits that are coming from the present financial distress-benefits In addition to the need for standing loyally by in economies, readjustments, a careful study of priorities, and the promotion of self-support, a the ambassadors of Christ who have left home keener realization of our dependence on God, there is also danger of serious loss, inefficiency, and kindred in obedience to the Great Commisand loss of ground. The faithful representatives of Christ on the mission field have been working sion of our Saviour and Lord, there are needs of and praying to promote friendly understanding, to make God known through Christ, to witness to the work and of our fellow Christians in these the power of the Gospel to give life and to transform. They have won spiritual victories and have mission fields. A Mission Board lists some of the laid the foundations for Christian churches and communities. Now the work is threatened, and work which must be given up if the church at they are in danger of being shelved, because American Christians cannot keep up their gifts to home withholds support-for the native churches missions and at the same time maintain their automobiles, enjoy their luxuries, send their chil- are still too weak and poor to carry the whole dren to high-priced schools and indulge in expensive tastes in their homes, in their churches burden. Here are some of the important projects and in amusements. Many Christians in America are suffering from a decrease of incomes but the that gifts of from $25 to $2,000 will make posneedless expenditures by Christians would more than maintain all the missionary work that is now sible of continuance – a mission boat, Sunday threatened for lack of support. Think what this curtailment means. One Board reports that over schools, Christian literature, Bible institute, chil- dren's meetings, evangelists, teachers, Bible wom- en, schools for the blind, schools for boys and girls, theological seminary, kindergarten, medical work, nurses training school, medical supplies.

Humanity, self-interest and patriotism would stir us to carryon at great sacrifice rather than desert our soldiers at the front in a military cam- paign to defend home and country, though this in- volves the destruction of life. Shall we desert our representatives at the front in the spiritual cam- paign to advance the Cause of Christ, involving the saving of life and the redemption of hu- manity? In failing to carryon the missionary work in these needy fields we are not only desert- ing the soldiers of the Cross at the front but we are failing to follow the forward moving Christ of the Cross. D. L. P.

and Religion in

Some Proiected Changes in the Mexican Constitution By JOHN A. MACKAY Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

THE course of Mexican history since the coun- character, as will also be the elementary and higher pri- try's revolutionary dawn in 1910 has won for mary education which is given in private institutions. this republic the honor of being the most original in the Latin American group of nations. No religious corporation, nor minister of any faith, may Many reforms carried out in Mexico antedate establish or conduct primary schools. similar revolutionary tendencies which have swept Private primary schools can only be established subject to official supervision. In the official institutions, primary education will be given free.

the world since the Great War. Two facts are to be observed: first, that no re- Mexico does not consider that her revolution ligious instruction of any kind can be given in any government school or in any private school of prihas come to an end. Here is a country in which mary grade; second, that no religious corporation the word "revolution" has become sacred. The or minister of religion has any right to conduct highest honor that can be paid to a Mexican is to primary schools. say of him that he is a "true revolutionary." The worst disgrace which can be attached to any Mex- Two years ago a new minister of education of ican's name is that he is not a "true revolution- ·hyper-radical tendencies refused to incorporate ary." This means that the present-day Mexican into the national school system any secondary ideal of life, in official circles at least, is one of school in which religious instruction was given or constant revolutionary tension. The name of the which could be shown to have been founded by a party in power is "The National Revolutionary religious organization, even if no such religious Party" (Partido Nacional Revolucionario). Under instruction were being given. The projected rethe dictatorship of this party the national life is form of Article 3 goes far beyond this. Its text now being developed and new reforms are pro- is as follows: jected. Article III. The orientation of education will be social- A reform project has recently been incubated ist, that is, it will recognize as a fundamental principle by Mexico's Revolutionary Party which, if ap- the formation of the spirit of human solidarity based on proved by Congress, will be one of the most revo- the progressive socialization of the means of economic lutionary measures adopted by any modern state production; it will struggle for freedom from any and outside Soviet Russia. What is projected is noth- every prejudice and dogmatism, providing a culture based ing less than to change the strictly lay character on scientific truth, and it will adjust the ideals and activiof the present educational system in Mexico and ties of youth to the service of the people as a whole. to substitute for it, both in the schools, run by the State and by private individuals and organiza- It will be the task of the State (Federal, State and tions, the "socialist" school, one of whose func- Municipal) to impart, under the character of public servtions, according to the latest draft of the proposed ice, primary, secondary and normal education, the first bereform, will be to combat "religious dogmatisms." ing compulsory.

The State will control the orientation of primary and secondary education which is given privately, in accord- ance with the following standards: The Proposed Change I. By means of the formation of plans, methods and programs of study containing the principles expressed in The full significance of this reform can only be the first paragraph of this article. understood by considering the attitude of the State towards the teaching of religion in schools II. The principals and teachers shall be of a kind who, since the present constitution was adopted at in the opinion of the State, are intellectually and morally Queretaro in 1917. Article 3 of this constitution capable. Their ideology shall also be in accord with the reads as follows: tendencies of this ruling.

The right to teach is unrestricted; but that which is No religious corporation nor minister of any faith may establish, conduct or be a teacher in primary and second- ary schools.

III. By fixing the pedagogical conditions to which the given in the official institutions of education will be lay in schools should conform.

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IV. The State will grant authority for the functioning in mind that in the official statement of the Naof private schools, and will suppress them at its discre- tional Revolutionary Party, which culminates in tion, when, according to its judgment, they violate the the projected reform of Article 3 of the Constiabove mentioned standards. There shall not be any ap- tution, it is explicitly stated that this new tendpeal or any judgment proceeding against such a ruling. ency is being followed deliberately, after a com- parative study of a number of modern national The Executives, the Municipal Presidents, and educa- constitutions, such as those in operation in tional officers will be directly responsible for having these Czecho-Slovakia, Turkey, Germany and Russia, in rules complied with, and for any violation of the same, in which the State arrogates to itself the right to the form and terms which are indicated in the By-Laws make education, in a supreme sense, one of its own issued by the Congress of the Union, and to which the fol- functions. Mexico, it is alleged in this document, lowing signatures are affixed. does no more than carry out this principle to its logical conclusion. According to an article written by a distinguished Mexican Christian publicist, Pedro Grin- A new approach is needed to the spiritual probgoire, and appearing in "Excelsior," one of the lem of Mexico, as of many other States, in which leading dailies in Mexico, on January 4th, the the same ideas prevail as in Mexico. Our opinion words "will struggle for freedom from any and is that here, as in other lands in the same revoevery prejudice and dogmatism" are being sub- lutionary mood, the school will cease to be an efstituted by "will struggle for freedom from any fective instrument for presenting a full-orbed and every religious prejudice and dogmatism." Christian view of life. That being so, other means In other words, what was implicit in the original must be found whereby that view can be presented draft becomes explicit in its latest form. Reli- to youth. Meanwhile, the souls of youth are begious dogmatism is the real bete-noire. A main ing conscripted by the most contrary crusading function of the school will be to combat religion. forces. Boys and girls who have been taught to read and write in our Mission schools, who have The Implications of the Reform received there what we call a liberal education, who have been moulded according to the prin- We here observe the inner dialectic of contem- ciples of Christian character building, when they porary nationalism working itself out. Education cross the threshold of the school and mingle in a is to be a function of the State in the most abso- revolutionary world find no books or sources of lute sense, officializing and promoting the par- ideas to help guide them or steady them in the ticular economic theory in which the State is in- swirling eddies. The time has come when the terested, and at the same time inculcating into the same attention must be given to providing an ademind of youth that attitude towards life and the quate Christian literature that has hitherto been spiritual world which most harmonizes with the directed to providing educational facilities for official viewpoint. This is an example of the youth, a function which the State in so many apotheosis of the State, its virtual transformation countries now regards as its own special prerogainto a church and its assumption of full religious tive. At the same time when, as in Mexico, so prerogatives. In a word, here, as in other con- little can be done directly from the outside, every temporary states, the nation becomes God. In the effort must be made to strengthen the nascent case of Mexico there is fulfilled, in addition, the evangelical community in the country and to dictum of the great Spanish writer Unamuno, that make the members feel that they are part of a a Spanish or Spanish-American radical is "a Christian fellowship which transcends all fron- Catholic upside down." He conserves the formal tiers. aspects of Spanish Catholicism, including its fanatical intolerance, while substituting its dog- One bright gleam at least shoots across the matic content by another. One might go further present situation. In the last few months there and say that the possibility of&uch a violent anti- has come into being in Mexico a new organization religious tendency in Mexico is largely due to the called "The National Union of Christian Youth." fact that the great majority of the country's pres- It is a purely indigenous and spontaneous moveent intellectual leaders have passed from a posi- ment and is of a spiritual crusading character. tivistic to a Marxist philosophy, without having Its membership crosses all the present evangelical passed through the liberal stage. denominations. It is not a federation nor has it any ecclesiastical objective in view. Its members It is perfectly clear that if such a reform be- have a place within the organization, not as repcomes law, it will be made impossible for any or- resentatives of denominational groups, but as free ganization of religiously minded people to carry men and women anxious to express their unity in on education because to do so would involve ac- Christ and their devotion to Him in terms of their cepting the letter and spirit of the new constitu- country's spiritual need in this most critical and tional article. Some are of opinion that the decisive hour. elections in June may put a government in power which will be less radical than the present. No evidence supports this fond hope. L~t it be borne

Impact of Christianity On China*

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY Author of "The Tinder-Box of Asia"

T HE impact of Western civilization was in- The leader and organizer of the Hankow anti- evitably disruptive (of the ancient Chinese Christian week was George Hus-chien, a former regime) because it created a new social and secretary of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, who had been a economic environment to which Chinese civilization could only offer a passive resistance. It in- Christian pastor, then joined the Kuomintang, volved not only the application of the industrial then become a communist and latterly denied that revolution to China, but also the introduction of he had ever been a communist. such revolutionary ideals as Protestant Chris- Christianity and Communism tianity, political democracy, so- Protestant Christianity has cialism, and latterly, commu- been at once the most compel- nism. In Europe these ideas George E. Sokolsky was lingly destructive and construcwere of comparatively slow de- tive force hurled at China from velopment and even slower for some years the corre- the West….. . penetration; they fell upon spondent of The New York China all at the same time and Times in the Far East. He If one views the effectiveness with astounding suddenness. has lived in China for many of the work of the Christian China was left breathless in the years, is a Jew and married a missions only as so much coldpresence of conflicting opinions Chinese wife. He is a bril- blooded statistics, the results as to what is wrong with China look bad, but if one deals with and what should be done about liant writer and as Herbert this question from the standit. Adams Gibbons says, 44He point of the emergence, because stands in a class by himself as of Christian influence, of a spe- a commentator on contempo- rary events in the Far East!'

The Kuomintang, a Force Paul D. Cravath calls him cial type of human being in Hthe best qualified man in the China, more alert, more keen, Gen. Chiang Kai-shek had world to write a fair and dis- more modern, more socialized risen on the shoulders of the passionate book on Man- in his outlook, then Christian Russians; he now wanted to churia." It is interesting to missions have on the whole rid China of them. Therefore read what he says about bee n startlingly successful. he brought on a schism. The Christian missions, commu- more Chiang moved to the nism and the Soong family. Missions have accelerated the right, the more communistic his processes of substituting for opponents became. In Hunan the characteristic intensive in- and Hupeh provinces, particularly, the commu- dividualism of China a social outlook and a com- nists organized a terror, aimed at landlords, in- munal interest.

dustrialists, and foreigners, which stirred a In the field of education and public health the frightened opposition to the Kuomintang through- American missionary has accomplished more in out the country. Whereas they had been wel- the interest of the Chinese people than any other comed as saviors, they were now being feared as force, Chinese and foreign, during the past fifty terrorists. It was in this atmosphere that the years. In fact it is no exaggeration to contend surprising anti-Christian week was organized to that during the decade from 1920 to 1930, were it take place during the Christmas of 1926. The not for the Christian missionary, the lamp of slogans of the anti-Christian Movement were': learning would have burned very faintly indeed, Christmas anti-Christian week while public ·health activities would have been al- Close or take over Christian schools most nonexistent. There has been considerable Urge students to leave Christian schools criticism of the missionary schools, particularly Organize students for vacation anti-Christian work among the nationalistic educators. In the first Disrupt Christian organizations from within Forbid participation of Christian students in national place, it has been contended that these schools undertakings denationalize the Chinese youth; that they teach * Extracts from "The Tinder-Box of Asia." Doubleday, Doran Co., more English than Chinese, more Bible than Con- New York.

[ 135]

fucius, more about George Washington and his "tars" had taught him to make cord hammocks, "cherry tree" than about Sun Yat-sen and his and he worked his way through the Southern "Three People's Principles"-all probably true. states selling them. He came into contact with But the missionaries have proved themselves cap- Christian influence in the city where he landed, able of readjustment to the demands of their en- and was baptized there in the Fifth Street Meth- vironment ….. . odist Episcopal Church, South.

The Present Chinese Communist Party General Julian S. Carr, of Durham, N. C., grew deeply interested in the young Chinese from the From its inception, the Chinese Communist island of Hainan, the southernmost place in Party adopted the following tactics: China, and saw him through Trinity College, 1. Anti-imperialism is a slogan about which all which is now Duke University. He received an Chinese, including non-communists, can rally. English theological certificate from Vanderbilt in Therefore, when an anti-imperialist issue is 1885. When he returned to China it was as an evoked, activities may be pursued on a wide front. English teacher and a Southern Methodist mis- …… Anti-imperialism is not only part of the sionary. He married a Miss Ni, who became a communist thesis because the foreigners possess pillar in the Southern Methodist community in special rights in China, but also because they Shanghai. He opened a printing establishment either control or dominate invested capital. The to publish Bibles in Chinese; he built a church; principal industrial organizations are under their he was on the organization committee of the first direction. By attacking the foreigner's position Y. M. C. A. in China. He taught English to small directly, the capitalistic structure of the country Chinese boys. He eventually joined Sun Yat-sen, is attacked indirectly. becoming his secretary and treasurer. Soong Ai- 2. Christianity is the second object of attack. ling, the eldest daughter, became the wife of Dr. This is part of the general anti-religious phase in Kung, wealthy Christian leader and a descendant the communist ideology. But in China anti-Chris- of Confucius; Soong Ching-ling, the second tianity has a special meaning. Christianity, to daughter, was married to Dr. Sun, became the the communist, means the cultural penetration of leader of militant womanhood in China, and is China by the United States. The Christian mis- today held in veneration by the youth of the counsionary is therefore looked upon as the fore- try; and Soong Mei-ling, the youngest daughter, runner of the American capitalist. Christianity married General Chiang Kai-shek.

is to be opposed generally because it is an opiate The Soongs represent psychologically and so- for the masses. Wherever the communists go, cially a wide variant from the usual natives of they attempt to drive out the missionary, Catholic South China. Every member of the family was and Protestant alike. They do not always succeed educated abroad: Mme. Kung and Mme. Sun at because some American missionaries refuse to be driven out. Few of them are killed if they re- Wesleyan in Macon, Ga.; Mme. Chiang there and main, but their presence is unwelcome in com- at Wellesley; T. V. Soong and a younger brother, munist territory. T. A. Soong, were educated at Harvard; another younger brother, T. L., at his father's college, 3. Although the communist program for the re- Vanderbilt. At one time all the members of the construction of the political and social life of the family bore Christian names, but these have been country is complex, they concentrate on the re- dropped in recent years. All are Christians, and distribution of land, which pleases the tenant some of them are church-goers. The mother was farmers and the surplus population, known as a strict Southern Methodist who objected to danc- bandits. This gives them local strength. ing, gambling and other things on the Methodist The Soong Family list of vices. The Soongs have much in common- keen minds, devoted to study, thought, and action, During this period one family dominated the stamp them all. The "three Soong sisters" are all Nanking Government. Often called the "Soong of retiring disposition-in the sense that they Dynasty" by their enemies, this group achieved have preferred to act through their husbands almost dictatorial authority in Nanking. The when they could. But they cannot all be drawn Soong family consists of three outstanding men- over a single pattern. Mme. Kung seems to have Chiang Kai-shek, T. V. Soong and H. H. Kung, inherited a special capacity for hard-headed comand three brilliant women-Mme. Chiang, Mme. mon sense from her mother. Not only do the Kung, and the widow of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. other members of the family recognize her intel- The origin of the family was lowly. Charles lectual superiority, but even friends of the family Jones Soong, its founder, arrived at Wilmington, come to her for advice. In her quiet and unas- N. C., from somewhere in China as a sailor aboard suming way she has succeeded in bringing ele- the United States cutter Colfax in 1880. The ments together in support of the "family." ….. .

THE IMPACT OF CHRISTIANITY ON CHINA

Dr. Kung, her husband, is the most character- military officers and politicians upon whose supistically Chinese member of the family, and also port the success of her husband has depended. the richest. Inheritor of a chain store system of general shops, produce-purchasing agencies, small T. V. Soong, the eldest brother, represents in banks not unlike pawnshops, in North China, Mon- China the revolutionary concept of government as golia, and Manchuria, and medicine shops in significant as any idea which the revolution has South China, he finds himself the merchant in brought to the surface: modern administration politics. He devotes himself not only to govern- as a substitute for the mandarinism that has ment problems of commerce and labor, but to pub- plunged China into her present condition. Unlic charities. Whereas most of the Soongs have willing to compromise with old-fashioned methfew direct contacts with the general public, Dr. ods, he has made himself unpopular with a very Kung, as they say in China, is in everything. large part of Chinese officialdom, although mer- chants and foreigners in China swear by him …. The second of the sisters, Mme. Sun Yat-sen, is a distinct type by herself. Sweet, gentle, and of The Missionary and Cultural Interests unquestioned beauty, she radiates such warmth of personality that one sometimes wondered, in the Many Americans grow ferocious at the thought days when Dr. Sun was an exile in Shanghai, of any other American going to a foreign country whether the atmosphere of their home on Rue to "force down the throats of the citizens of that Moliere was due to the presence of the great man country ideas that are perhaps repugnant to or to the little woman who made one feel so much them." Such American critics may save their at home. While her husband was alive she kept ferocity for a worthier cause, for the American much in the background, helping him in his missionary has not forced his ideas down any studies and often acting as his secretary. After Chinese throat. He has preached and taught and his death she forged to the front of Chinese poli- educated and healed, but he has not forced. He tics, for she regarded it as essential to China's has spent some $200,000,000 in China in a century welfare that there should be a strict and literal of activity. Has this expenditure been beneficial to interpretation of Dr. Sun's wishes. She became China? No one can demonstrate with any posian orator and an active member of the Central tiveness the value of as complex a movement as Executive Committee of the Kuomintang; she led missionary work in China ….. . China's women in the social revolution ….. . To the missionary the question as to the value When her sister, Mei-ling, was married to of his work must be perplexing. At worst he may Chiang Kai-shek she did not go to China to attend have wasted his time and money. From a national the wedding, but when memorial services were standpoint he has created an atmosphere of held for Dr. Sun in Nanking in 1929 she attended friendship for the United States. He has taught them. She has made no peace with her family the Chinese people that some foreigners can serve and the government it controls; instead, she con- China unselfishly and that a large number of them tinues to insist upon a fundamentalist interpreta- are Americans. He has gone into the interior, tion of her husband's doctrines. A woman of studied the language, lived among the people as strong principles, capable of intense sacrifice for one of them, brought up his family among his a cause, she has suffered privations out of respect Chinese students without giving vent to evidences for the memory of her husband. of racial superiority. He has kept learning alive during the dark days of revolution. He has served On December 1, 1927, Mei-ling Soong, the as a general practitioner and has opened hospitals youngest sister, was married to Chiang Kai-shek. and medical schools. He has played the most sig- Before her marriage Mei-ling was active in public nificant role in the change of a civilization. and church work, and occasionally translated Chinese poetry into English. After her marriage It is the American missionary, whose home is she retired from public activities altogether, ap- always the most modern residence in any Chinese pearing only with her husband. She has opened city, who has opened the eyes of the Chinese to the Western world to General Chiang, who knows this difference in degree. He has made the Chinese no foreign language well. . . . .. She often acts as dissatisfied; yet is not the American economic inhis interpreter in confidential talks with foreign- terest in such dissatisfaction enormous? He has ers. Mme. Chiang is neither as keen nor as ex- shown them how others live so that they may perienced as Mme. Kung, nor does she arouse af- want to live differently. He has brought to their fection as does Mme. Sun. Her shyness has often homes a living example of a civilization which did been mistaken for haughtiness. Yet a quickness not glorify foot-binding or tolerate opium-smokat repartee enables her to enliven heavy political ing; a civilization that substituted the steel madinners, and her adaptability has allowed her to chine for the human coolie. He has studied their form friendships with the old-fashioned wives of problems sympathetically and has opened the realities of Chinese life to the world.

A Century of Bible Work in China*

By the REV. ERIC M. NORTH, Ph.D., D.D.

Secretary of the American Bible Society, New York I N A LETTER written from Canton, China, No- the Bible Society was carried on almost solely by vember 7, 1831, the Rev. Elijah C. Bridgman, the missionaries themselves. They translated and ' the first American missionary to China, after published the Scriptures and, by their own efforts, comparing spiritual conditions in China to Eze- distributed them free of cost. The American So- kiel's vision of the valley of dry bones, points out ciety furnished the funds.

the power and responsibility of the followers of Then, in a short time, two fundamental changes Christ for this one-third of the human race. Per- took place. The outreach of ·the missionary was haps, in our own day, we need his challenge! very greatly extended by the large use of colpor- "Are not the abilities of the people of God now teurs,-the men with the pack who go from vil- superior to those enjoyed by the church militant lage to village and from house to house, persuad- in the age of Moses or of John? There is no longer ing those whom they meet to buy the priceless any need for miracles. The truth has been estab- truth. The second measure was the adoption of lished and sealed with the blood of the Lamb. The the principle of sale rather than of free distribu- disciples of Christ now need faith, and zeal, and to tion-not only conserving resources and avoiding offer themselves as living sacrifices. Then will the waste, but carrying an assurance that the books Almighty work with them, and Jesus receive the were worthy of personal investment. Since full heathen for his inheritance, and the uttermost costs were far above the capacity of the people to parts of the earth for his possession. There is pay, prices were fixed-and still are-far below another fact that gives the Chinese a strong claim manufacturing cost; and the loss has been borne to the attention of your Society. They are a read- by the gifts to the Society. These principles of ing people. In this respect, they are probably method have been supplemented in the last twenty superior to any pagan nation of ancient or modern years by that of voluntary distribution, in which times. There are, indeed, many considerations to the aid of Chinese churches and parishes is en- urge onward the missionary; but, in spite of all listed in the sale of Scriptures in their own towns he can do, the Bible will find its way into the in- and near-by villages.

terior of the Empire before him. . . . . . Many may A further change was the establishment, in fall in the conflict; but complete success and 1875, of the Society's own Agency for the super- triumph are sure. Changes that have caused joy vision of the work. This soon resulted in the in heaven have already taken place,-(he esti- transfer to the Agency of the whole of the work mates that twelve or fifteen thousand copies of the of publication, much of the collaboration with the Bible, the New Testament, and the Psalms have translators, the direct supervision of a large pro- been distributed in the twenty years since Mor- portion of the colportage, and all the manifold rison began) ,-and, instead of one station and one elements of organization and administration that missionary, there are now five stations and eight must be carried on. Now there are five great sub- missionaries. . . . .. We feel ourselves alike im- agencies in China-North, East, South, Central, pelled and encouraged to ask for the interposition and West. One of them-that at Peiping-has of the American Bible Society. We ask for their more than once exceeded a distribution of a mil- prayers and their charities. Our voice is indeed lion copies in a year.

distant and feeble; but the cry of these millions, In his letter Mr. Bridgman states that, a few like the slain in Ezekiel's vision, reaches up to years before he went to China, Christians, as if heaven. It must, too, be heard on earth; and to exculpate themselves for their neglect of their what answer shall be given?" missionary responsibility, debated the question The past century of service in China is part of whether the Bible could be translated into Chinese.

the answer. Again ~he century is the answer. In the produc- For the first third of the century the work of tion and publication of the translations of the Chinese Scriptures, the Society has shared in the Ne~S¥-~~~~nce of an address given at the China centenary dinner In cooperation with mission boards, missionaries, [138 ] Chinese scholars, and with the British and For- ings brought out over 3,200 people; and there eign Bible Society, and the National Bible Society were eight other meetings. In several cities, pag- of Scotland. A rapid review of the decade shows eants and exhibits have been held. Many prom- the Society to have published or subsidized in inent persons have spoken at these meetings. A whole or in part six versions in Wenli, seven in telegram was received from Madame Chiang Kai- Mandarin, and various versions in nine colloquial shek, whose father printed thousands of Gospels.

dialects, not including editions in Roman letters It is in these meetings that the foundations are and editions for the blind. Seven colloquial dia- being laid for the new era of Bible work in China.

lects received their first Scriptures from the So- In 1932, at a conference of the British, the Scot- ciety. The first reference Bible in Chinese-that tish and the American Societies in London, the of Bishop Schereschewsky-was issued by the So- Societies agreed to work together with a view to ciety in 1908. . . . . . , encouraging the formation of a China Bible So- Jointly with the British and Scotch Societies the ciety, deeply rooted in the life of the Chinese Society supported the great Union versions in Church and the nation, and sharing in the world- Wenli issued in 1919, in Mandarin also issued in wide work.

1919, and in Canton Colloquial in 1926,-each of Not only has an advisory council been created, them representing many years of work by sep- but the British and American Societies have al- arate committees. One of the achievements of the ready started the amalgamation of their opera- century is to have shared in the production of tions. The editorial forces and periodicals of the these monumental and noble books through which three Societies have been combined ….. .

the spirit of God is seeking the hearts of men. But, this is not all. In South China, there has These translations and others in many editions been, prophetically, a local Chinese Bible Society and forms have been distributed by the Society for several years. Now there is in formation a through the colporteurs, the missionaries, and local society in Central China. Others are ger- voluntary helpers. It is thus that the circulation minating. All will be looking to the advisory of the centllry has been brought about-a total for council in Shanghai for guidance, and to the fu- the Society for all China of some 69,690,000 vol- ture when they shall become auxiliary to a na- umes of Scriptures, of which some 439,000 were tional Bible Society of China.

Bibles, 1,944,000 were Testaments, and over 67,- How soon that will be no one knows. But, it is 000,000 were portions, single books, almost en- to that outcome that the American Bible Society tirely Gospels. These have gone all over China, looks in every land where it is at work. Then it -from Canton in the south to Mukden in the shall be our function to assist them in their and north; from Shanghai in the east to the far our prodigious task. "We shall hope," said Pastor borders of Tibet; among the mountain tribes in Shen Wen-ching at Hankow, "by the end of anthe western passes; among the boat-dwellers on other century to have put the Bible in every home the rivers; in the newer industrial cities, and in China, and to have given every Chinese an opamong the hundreds of thousands of villages ….. portunity to read these Scriptures for himself."

This work is not done without sacrifices. A Not even in America have we reached that goal; little less than four hundred years ago, William and, in China, the combined issues of the three Tyndale was strangled and burned for his efforts Bible Societies in the whole century and more do to give the English-speaking people the Scriptures not equal one half of the present population of in their own tongue. Thirty-three years ago, dur- China.

ing the Boxer rebellion, eighteen colporteurs were Therefore, however valiant a new Chinese Bible summoned to the Agent's office, warned of the Society may be,-and we know they will be valiant risks of their work and sent into the less disturbed even though the Christians in China are outnum- areas. They said, "We go. God's will be done." bered 125 to 1,-we of the West must put our- Over the unknown martyrs' graves of fourteen, selves shoulder to shoulder with them. Here and and, of many others elsewhere, it could be writ- there and in every land where we work, we must ten: "Slain for the Word of God and for the testi- give this book its chance to make and maintain its mony which they held." relentless pressure against every evil and shame- Weare here, however, not to erect a memorial less thing; against every item of man's inhu- monument, but a milestone. The road still manity to man; against the evil without and the stretches far before us. But, in a sense, it is a sin within ;-that humanity's weakness and fail- new road. The signs of that are already here. ure may be transformed into the glorious stature There have been celebrations of this centenary in of Jesus Christ our Lord. Again we hear the more than a score of China's cities. The throngs words of Elijah Bridgman: "The cry of the mil- attending have surprised the committees in lions reaches up to heaven. It must, too, be heard charge; in the Wuhan cities, the four main meet- on earth; and what answer shall be given 7"

Medical

By REV. T. THEODOR WEBB, Milingimhi, North Australia Mr. Webb has written a most valuable account of his by the "mali" (grosser spirit) of some "Morkwoi" researches into the medical practices of the Aboriginals (dead person). I have seen such things as small of North Australia. His careful work has considerable stones, pieces of charcoal, small bones, and bits of scientific and anthropological interest and his descriptions wood thus apparently extracted. are being published in "Oceanic" by the School of Anthropology in Sydney. Mr. Webb states in an accompany- The foreign body is shown to the patient, who, ing letter that he has left out some of the ugly details; nothing doubting, immediately declares himself but even then the Editor has felt it necessary to excise cured, and cheerfully pays the "doctor" his fee. some portions which might offend those of our readers who are unfamiliar with the stark conditions of North The virtue or healing magic believed to be con- Australia. – Reprinted from The Missionary Review tained in the water of the ceremonial or totemic (Australia). "mangotchi" (well or pool) of the horde is made available by a ceremony known as "Wontjurr." AS WOULD be expected among so primitive a In the ceremony a representation of this well is 1i. people, the operation of magic, both in caus- made by scooping out a circular hollow in the sand. In this hollow the patient is placed, while ing and in relieving sickness, is largely be- all round sit his fellow-tribesmen and. friendly aslieved in. But apart from this, there is found a sociates. A certain chant, differing for each tribe, fairly extensive use of certain vegetable products, which are at least believed to be of medicinal is then sung, to the accompaniment of "bilma"

value. (clack-sticks) and "Yiraki" (drone-pipe), over One of the complaints from which these people and over again, and as it is being sung the patient frequently suffer is muscular rheumatism, par- is washed from head to foot by having water ticularly in the lumbar region. In such a case, poured over him.

should there be a "Marrngit" (magician) in the The most elaborate treatment I have knowledge neighborhood, his aid will be sought, and he oper- of is that followed out in cases of extreme con- ates in the following way: Presuming the patient stipation or for a severe attack of indigestion, is suffering from backache, the Marrngit has him leading to a distension of the stomach, which is lie face downward in the sand, and then proceeds called "worba." , to feel carefully all over his back. He then arises, First of all a rough platform of sticks is conbreaks off a small leafy branch, and begins to structed. On this platform is laid a thick coverdance round the patient, swishing vigorously with ing of leafy branches of "maipin" (iron-wood the branch. Presently he dashes away to a con- tree), and on these leaves a covering of wet grass siderable distance, as though in pursuit of some- from some freshwater pool or swamp. The sand thing, and still swishing his branch. This is done beneath the platform is then scooped out and a to drive off the evil spirit which is responsible fire made; this fire must be wholly of maipin, the for the man's condition, and which the Marrngit leaves, bark, gum, and wood being used.

alone is able to see. Having accomplished this When the fire is well burning the patient is purpose, he returns to the patient. placed face downward on the platform already He now selects one spot on the man's back, prepared, a covering of boughs, paper-bark, or which he presses and kneads thoroughly, after the like, is placed over him, and there he is left to which he massages the surrounding area, working steam. After several hours he is turned over on all the time toward the spot selected. After a his back and thus spends several more hours.

good deal of massaging, which no doubt affords At the end of the day he is bathed in cold water, some relief, he applies his mouth to the spot, and and will almost certainly feel relieved; but if not, sucks vigorously. Next he takes a mouthful of the process may be repeated the following day. In water from some vessel placed in readiness, blows cases where no relief is afforded, it is known that some of the water onto the affected part, and then the patient's condition is the result of evil magic.

convincingly ejects from his mouth some foreign This distressful condition is produced by some substance, which has been injected into the man sorcerer getting hold of something belonging to [140 ]

ABORIGINAL MEDICAL PRACTICES

the patient, his loin-cloth or "balara" (pubic Bleeding is resorted to in cases of severe headshield) being considered particularly effective. ache, and less frequently for backache. For the This article the sorcerer "sings" over. He then former a deep cut is made above the brow, usually scrapes open the coals and ashes of his fire, and by a single stroke of an iron or flint spear-head. in the centre digs a small hole, into which he Another method is to take a splinter of glass or crams the article, covers it over with earth, flint, and with a flick of the wrist, to make a cut scrapes back the coals and ashes, and once more, in the inner corner of the eye. Another is to take over it sings his evil chant, naming the man he a piece of "baku" (wild cane), split it and shape wishes to injure. This operation results in a stop- it to a sharp point. This piece of cane is then page of the man's bowels, and so produces a con- thrust up one of the nostrils, and is kept there dition which nothing can relieve, and which ulti· with the finger plugging the nostril, until a throbmately ends in death. bing sensation begins. It is then quickly with- drawn and is followed by profuse bleeding. Apparently nothing approaching effective treatment for snake-bite has been discovered by the When a man is speared with a barbed wooden aborigines, and nothing more futile than that fol- spear, great difficulty is often experienced in exlowed could well be imagined. A man who has tracting it, particularly if the wound be near some been bitten is made to sit down beside a fire while vital organs of the body. If speared in one of the another man blows on him smoke through a hollow limbs, the spear is usually pushed right through branch or dry pandanus stem. As the smoke and withdrawn at the side opposite to the entry. comes out the other end of the tube another man In the case of a body wound, this, of course, cancarefully watches, and if in the smoke he sees the not be done, so the spear is cut off close to the "mali" (non-material form) of a snake, it is body and a dressing of "jalkor" (tree orchid) is known that a "Ragalk" (sorcerer) has brought applied, and the man is bound with paper-bark. about the misfortune, and the man will die. If no such form is observed the man will recover. This dressing is said to penetrate along the Frequently this ceremony is performed after the spear-head and loosen it. When, however, I asked man has died, and merely serves to corroborate a how long it would be before the spear could beconviction which has already been definitely withdrawn, the reply was, "Bamantna. Narnak reached. In such a case imagination never fails barrpamiri." (A long time. When the flesh beto create the mali of the snake. comes putrid.) It would therefore appear that the "medicine" does not help matters very much. Another curious method of procedure is as follows: If a person is bitten and is able to capture Burning, owing to the habit of sleeping in very the snake, he does so by pressing a stick across it close proximity to fires, is of very frequent ocjust behind the head, and then binding the snake currence, and is treated in the following way: If to the stick at that point. With the snake thus the skin is not destroyed, an orchid stem is held he returns to the camp. There the snake is crushed between the teeth until it is soft and left until it is seen to pass all the blood it has ex- glutinous, and then dabbed on the affected part. tracted from the person bitten. When this occurs If the skin is badly broken the burn is painted the person begins to recover, and soon all ill- with "miku" (red ochre). effects have passed away. The snake is now released, not killed. If it were killed the person A person suffering from the circular raised would undoubtedly die also. sores which often accompany yaws goes out on a reef or sandbank when the tide is low, and finds a For the poisonous stab of a catfish, stingray, or "Yanungani" (sea anemone), which is lying open. other fish, a live "borok" (wood cockroach) is He quickly presses the sore into the open centre taken, held between the finger and thumb, and its of the creature, whose tentacles immediately coninside is squeezed out over the wound. Another tract, and cause a certain amount of suction. The form of treatment is to place hot ashes on the member is held there for a considerable time, and wound. Still another is to apply the leaves of the when withdrawn, the raised exterior is said to "Rorgor" (a long trailing plant which grows in have been removed, and clean bleeding flesh exthe beach sand). These leaves are heated on the posed, which will soon heal over. coals and pressed onto the wound. Very large use is now made of the Mission Dis- In treating pustular sores, boils, or swollen pensary, and very many of the people come with glands, a piece of charcoal is wrapped in a thin only the most trifling complaints. Even the sheet of paper-bark and placed on the sore. This simplest of our prescriptions prove, in the majoris then bitten either by the man himself or by an- ity of cases, wonderfully effective, while the magother person. The sore, hearing the noise made ical results of the injection of bismuth tartrate by the crunching of the charcoal, learns that some- for yaws is a never-ending wonder to them. So one is fighting it, and so takes its departure. the work goes on and much relief is given in the name of the Great Physician.

~I I

Effective Ways of Working • 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO A Forward. Look cally written, these details are Do you think missionaries them- readily detachable leaving the selves think it is worth while? How can we develop in the outlines and the educational fun- Why do they go when they can younger generation the mission- damentals which are universal. be so much more comfortable at Only the most meager features home? After some discussion, a ary motivations and the dynamic of one lesson can be given here- number of quotations from mis- to renew or replace those so no- with, but it will serve to illus- sionaries' writings and sayings ticeably on the wane at the pres- trate an approach and an appeal bearing on the subject were read, ent time? It has become evident that may well be made general followed by the telling of a fasci- with a new and very straight- nating story about Dr. Clothier to many of us that the movement thinking generation. Miss Wer- entitled, "Why One Man Went." must not be "back to" but "for- ner writes: On one side of the blackboard ward towards" ; for no living or- was written, "The things this ganism can be static: and if old Teaching is to learning as selling is man gave up to go to Africa," motivations fail we must face to buying. Since that is true-since and on the other, "What he we have failed to teach unless some- found there," the children them- the facts with a fearlessness thing has happened within the chil- selves supplying the items. The ~ born of supreme faith in our dren themselves–this unit is con- story and a picture of The Good structed on the principle that Samaritan were next brought Leader and our Cause and con- teaching, going far beyond the mere out and discussed. It was noted sider whether we are not having imparting of information, involves that Dr. Clothier loved and cared "growing pains" preliminary to the stimulation of the children to for the bodies just as the Samar- active participation in some under- itan did, but in addition he also an advance. taking that in their eyes is both in- cared about the Africans' hearts teresting and worth while. To that being happy and their coming to The answer to the opening end this study has been centered Jesus. question is yet at the fragmen- around the question, "What Differ- tary, experimental stage; but ence Does it Make?" and resolves it- The leader next asked how we your Department Editor believes self into a serious evaluation on the that among a number of worth~ part of the children and the teacher could obey Jesus' command as while projects, that of Emily J. of the missionary enterprise, as one Werner, Professor of Religious supplementary question after another Dr. Clothier did. It was eventual- Education in the Biblical Semi- is considered. nary, New York, is worth con- ly decided not only to pray and sidering. In "What Difference Previous to the first lesson, the African study books, stories, give money for Africa but to Does it Make?" a unit on Africa pictures, etc., were attractively prepared. for children's groups, placed on a little table where the make bandages for hospitals incoming children eagerly ex- she has outlined a series of amined and began to read them. there, the boys agreeing to make twelve lessons shaping them- The children were moved to ask selves about these queries: (1) innumerable questions – which at home the frames to wind the Why Do Missionaries Go? (2) afforded receptivity. After the gauze on. Plans were laid to col- What Difference Does Knowing initial excitement died down, all lect materials for a little African God Make? (3) What Difference gathered about the table and dis- museum at the meeting place, and Does Knowing Jesus Make? (4) cussed Africa in general, the to construct a frieze each time What Difference Should Know- leader saying that as the parents which would answer the ques- ing Jesus Make in Us? (5) How were considering "Re-Thinking tions raised at the successive Do Missionaries Make a Differ- Missions" the children had – a meetings. (Scrapbooks and oth- ence? (6) What Difference Do right to ask, "Why do we need to er projects might be substitut- send missionaries to foreign ed.) Some children cut from an People Who Know Jesus Make countries?" After that the chal- old calendar letters to form the in the Home? (7) What Differ- lenging query was thrown out, main question, "What Difference ence Do Those Who Know Jesus "What difference does it make?" Does it Make?" Others practiced Make in the World? (8) How this question being printed on drawing a large question mark Can We Make a Difference? the blackboard in large letters. or the map of Africa, the best ef- While incorporating some mate- forts being used as patterns for rials of the United Lutherans, [142 ] the outlines on the frieze. Still for whose Women's Missionary Society the pamphlet was specifi-

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

others cut out heads of mission- recognizing that pastors and Give a poverty luncheon–cut out what you crave aries, etc. When finished, the other church leaders must often And serve only that which you need. frieze contained the comprehen- proceed conservatively in educat- Put into your gift box the money you sive question on the left, the map ing their people up to the ideal of savein the center with the subordi- purely voluntary giving for be- The results are surprising indeed! Now measure your waistline, and nate question, "Why Do Mission- nevolences and that time is a carefully, too, aries Go?" printed on it by the prime factor in the process, we Every inch earns a cheerful fine; leader, the picture of Christ on are glad to pass along sugges- And your age~a coin for each year the right over the words, "I came tions that have come in from will do. that they may have life," and time to time, urging that no plan Gray hairs are a hopeful sign!

just below the cutouts of the be used without a spiritualized The Baptist women at Santa Ana, California, have an all-year missionaries under the words, atmosphere and adaptation. birthday plan which brings in many a missionary dollar. Little "Go ye into all the world," these Proper motivation is quite pos- yellow bags with a torch sten- ciled on each and the following texts having been chosen by the sible in any of the following: jingle enclosed are given out at the beginning of the season: children after the preliminary Moccasins and Gifts. After presenttalk. ing an Indian program, one mission- Please put within this little bag A dime for every year A frieze was developed at each ary society distributed small moccasucceeding meeting and the sec- . sins made of dark red cambric. These The Lord has blessed and spared your ondary questions similarly an- were stitched with yellow and life swered. Near the close of the trimmed with colored beads. Inside was a rhyme requesting the recipient To work for Him down here. series, matters were so shaped to place' in the moccasin a sum equal to five times the size of her shoe and Or if you cannot spare that much, up that the children planned a to bring the moccasin and its con- Please give a less amount closing program at which par- tents to the next meeting. The enents and other children might be suing program opened with a short To spread the Gospel of our Lord So that your life may count. told all that they, themselves, devotional service based on the Indian version of the Twenty-third Psalm. Tell us the month your birthday's in had learned at the meetings and This was followed by six three-minute (The year we do not care), at which the series of friezes speeches on Indians who had chosen might be explained. This was the Jesus Road. A tepee with a camp Then you may sit within that group fire and fir trees placed on standards And in its fun you'll share. carried out to the last detail, the formed an attractive background. A children even staying to clear up woman and a girl dressed as Indians At table we'll collect the bags. all paraphernalia after the in- sat by the side of the tepee, the' for- And tUrn the money in, spiration was gone. Questions mer reciting an Indian poem wliile the To spread the Gospel o'er the earth, 1, 5, 6 and 8 were answered by pianist played softly, "By the Waters Christ's victories to win. means of vivid shadow pictures of Minnetonka." At the close of the thrown upon a sheet from the meeting two ushers gathered the moc- At each all-day meeting of the rear, children not only doing the casins with their offerings, and the women's society a birthday table acting but certain ones serving Indian girl gave in the sign language is arranged with a candleas announcers and explainers in the benediction, "May the Great Spir- crowned cake in the center, all a prologue and an epilogue. The it Mystery make sunrise in your the members whose natal days details of this series are most heart." At the accompanying mother fall within the current month be- and daughter banquet, little brown ing seated together and handing suggestive and inspiring.* It is paper canoes filled with spice drops in their offering bags. were used as favors. A heavy card The Hyde Park Baptist inconceivable that young people with a slit in it served as an easel Church, in Chicago, reports it~ conditioned thus in early life birthday party thus: should grow up with the indif- to make the canoe stand U"'. There In response to a charming jingle ference or the apathy toward were also little brown Paper tepees announcing the plan and the hope for with the program inside. The meet- an attendance of Methusalehs, all women in attendance upon the first ing was called "The Council of the meeting in April assembled in the so- cial room at the close of the afternoon foreign missions which, in their Squaws." program and were seated in a large parents, affords the present-day obstacle to the activation of The (The above-mentioned psalm in the Great Commission. sign language may be obtained from The American Baptist Publication Society, 1701 Chestnut St., Phila., Penna.) -Adapted from Missions.

How Shall We Finance the Capitalizing Natural Phenom- Church ena. When financial receipts de- Some of our readers are ask- clined so sharply last year, the circle in the center of which was a dainty table with birthday cake, dafing for more definite money-rais- Baptist women gave out little fodils and tall yellow candles. By ing plans than were given in this "silver boxes" bearing the in- previous connivance, one member department last month. The Edi- scription, "Every cloud has a sil- whose birthday fell in each of the suc- tor has long advocated the old ver lining. On every cloudy day cessive months had been supplied with a tiny candle and requested to act as formula: To raise money-first put in a piece of silver." These gift boxes were to be opened at leader of her group when called. The put your hand deep down into Christmas and Easter for spe- chairman then announced that an apyour pocket, get a good grip on propriate reading, instrumental or the money and then raise it. But cial gifts over and above the reg- vocal selection would herald the suc- cessive months as the calendar was * What Difference Does it Make? Litera- ular budget. Some of the sug- reviewed. This gave opportunity for gestions for raising extra money delightful entertainment, with the ture Headquarters of the United Lutheran merry carols of December, the bells Church, 723 Muhlenherg Bldg., Phila., Pa. follow. Price, 25 cents.

of January, the patriotism of Febru- electricity is stored power, and it is David McConoughy ($1.00 Presby- ary, the proverbial winds of March, only a question as to where that pow- terian Board). the showers of April, the flowers of er is to be loosed . . . Do you see For Women, "Stewardship in the May, the brides of June, the fire- what a blessed, what a solemn thing Life of Women," by Helen Kingsbury works of July, etc. When the musical this giving is-this giving of my Wallace (Revell Co., price, cloth, or literary keynote of a month was stored self to my Master? . . . When $1.00; paper, 50 cents); "Women thus given, its name was called; and we think of money that way and give and Stewardship," by Ellen Quick led by the key-woman for that month it that way and tell others of it, then Pierce (Westminster Press, 25 cents). (bearing her candle to be lighted at we shall have the Church of God say- For young people, "Stewardship in the central one), all present whose ing: "Hasten the collection in the the Life of Youth," by Williamson natal days fell within the month church. Quick! Let the ushers pass and Wallace (Revell Co., cloth, $1.00; marched around the table and deposit- down that we may loose ourselves for paper, 50 cents); "Stewardship for ed their Methusalean pennies in its Jesus' sake and send out stored power All of Life," by Luther E. Lovejoy dainty receptacle. At the close the the world around for the sake of Him who gave Himself for us. That is (Methodist Book Concern, 75 cents). birthday cake was cut and each per- consecrated use of money.-The New son received a small piece. The funds Christian. For children, "Stewardship Stories," were used as an offering for the Eas- by Guy L. Morrill (Doubleday, Doran & Co., price, 50 cents); "More Stewter objective. ardship Stories for Boys and Girls,"

The Methodist women ob- Attention, Pastors! by Emma A. Robinson (M. E. Book Concern, price, 35 cents):; "Junior served Calico Year last year Have you made any definite Stewards of the Bible," by Helen K. (and are repeating it in spirit as drive in your church toward the Wallace (Revell Co., 75 cents).

well as practice), the spirit of goal of Stewardship Education? 3. Use popular devices for sacrificial economy being visual- If so, write us for publication serving up the material, particized by a small calico pocket con- about the plans used. If not, ularly with youth. Essay containing a suitable leaflet with the ponder carefully the following tests, reading contests for points, request that a self-denial offering suggestions and act at once upon poster contests, debates on such be accumulated therein by a giv- those best suited for local con- questions as "Resolved: That the en date. At the end of the period ditions. The matter is a para- practice of the stewardship of it was proposed that not only the mount, basic one under present money is superior in financing gifts be turned in but that the conditions. the church to commercial moneycalico pockets and similar dress- 1. Organize the endeavor. raising methods," an experience es, freshly laundered, be brought Some churches have a School of meeting of tithers, a stewardship to the meeting and relayed to Stewardship with graded classes intelligence test in which statemissionaries on the field. It was meeting for six successive weeks ments concerning stewardship suggested that a nice handker- as in a School of Missions. The are to be marked as true and chief or other suitable gift be meetings may be at the Sunday false, dramatizations, etc. Hometucked away in the pocket. school or the young people's made sketches may be arranged· hour, at the time of the regular on anyone of several books. In "A More Excellent Way" midweek service or as otherwise addition, one leader recommends determined. Others arrange "Farming Eden," "Not Exempt" Paul has told us that while cer- stewardship classes as a part of and the old but ever good tain practices were good and de- "Thanksgiving Ann." sirable, "Yet show I unto you a the School of Missions. Somemore excellent way"-which times the studies form a part of 4. By all means have the study proved to be the way of love. the annual program calendar of eventuate and activate itself in When church leaders succeed in the Women's Society, the Young a project. Among these may be convincing the membership that People's Group, the children's mentioned tithers' leagues; an money is stored power in the ex- every-member canvass; Chrispending of which we loose our missionary societies. Sometimes tian Americanization calls; the very selves, and that back of it the pastor uses successive prayer working out of family and perall there is an obligation of stew- meetings for lectures or discus- sonal budgets in which a Chrisardship under the impulse of sions by qualified leaders. In any tian balance shall be established love, church treasurers will cease event, do not make the matter between necessities, luxuries and to turn prematurely grey and random or occasional. amusements on one hand and missionary administrators will Kingdom-building on the other; sing the Doxology all day long. 2. Select the best material for reading, study or as a basis for visualizations of the denomina- My definition of money for this exposition or demonstration. In tional or the church budget; purpose is simply this: Money is my- teaching children how to keep acself . . . At the close of the week I addition to specific denomina- counts segregating an amount get $12.00 and put it into my pocket. tional publications on steward- for benevolences; working out ship, books on the following list will be found excellent: What is that $12.00? It is a week's For mixed groups of adults, "Work- plans for them to earn the money worth of my muscle put into green- ers Together," by Frederick A. Agar they give instead of passing along parental hand-outs, etc. backs and pocketed; that is, I have and Harry S. Myers (Fleming H. What church commercialism can got a week's worth of myself in my Revell Co., $1.00); "Stewardship and pocket. Now the moment you under- Missions," by Charles A. Cook (Amerstand this, you begin to understand that money in your pocket is not mere- ican Baptist Publication Society, furnish the needful funds as ly silver and gold but is something cloth, 50 cents; paper, 35 cents); profitably and as well as an eduhuman, something that is instinct with power expended. Money like "The Stewardship of Life," by Julius cational campaign like the fore- Earl Crawford (Cokesbury Press, going?

$1.00); "Money, the Acid Test,'; by BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, H)5 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~II=–"–==–==—==-~=–==–====—–==–=—-=~=-===I~ HOME MISSIONS TODAY AND TOMORROW The Annual Meetings of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions, were held January 8-11, 1934, at the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church in New York.

"Builders of a New World" Digest of the Meeting of lege, and with three years of graduate work, but in his own Theme taken from the book of Leaders of Young People. Miss thinking he had never connected that title, by Robert M. Bartlett. Sue Weddell, Chairman of the current movements and the Committee on Young People's Christian teaching with which These are quotations from the Work, presided, and brought to he was endowed. The churches devotions of the Annual Meeting the group a statement from the have given the individual an unof the Committee on Young Peo- Foreign Missions Conference. derstanding of the Christian life ple's Work, conducted by Miss Three characteristics are notable but have not been able to make Nona M. Diehl, Secretary for in young people today;-they are the connection between that rich- Young Women, Women's Mis- searching for a faith; they are ness of life and the individual's sionary Society, United Luther- wanting to do things; they are place in society. The result is an Church in America. needing something to take the that many of our most aspiring place of the Student Volunteer young men and women of today 1 Corinthians 3: 10-13, Wey- appeal in a day when the church- when they want something with mouth Translation. Paul says: es are not able to send many which to ally themselves choose missionaries to the field. It had projects that may have grown In exercise oj the grace given me also been noted by Miss Weddell originally from Christian ethics, by God, I, like a competent master- in contact with young people but the leaders of which are no builder, have ladd a foundation, and that they were greatly chal- longer Christian in any sense of others are building upon it. But let lenged by such movements as the everyone be careful how he builds. Oxford Group and communism. the word." For no one can lay any foundation Dr. Daniel A. Poling felt this other than that which is already laid, "The whole problem of the namely, Jesus Christ. And whether to be the heart of the problem the building which anyone erects on present day," said Dr. Mary E. and said the underlying reason that foundation be of gold or silver, lay in the fact that the psycholor costly stones, or of timber or hay Markley, in reference to the ogy of youth is advance, whereor straw-the character of each in- as the psychology of the Church dividual's work shall appear. youth of the Church, "is that we today is withdrawal. He finds have no method of making tangi- that emphasis needs to be placed This poem used as a prayer: ble and efficient the connection first of all upon attitude. between the Christian dynamic God grant us wisdom in these coming and the thing that is going on in Three ways were suggested by days, the world about us; the nexus Dr. Poling to give the young peo- needs to be made between the in- ple a place in the home mission- And eyes unsealed, that we clear dividual Christian life and the ary enterprise:- visions see social situations in which the in- dividual finds himself." As an 1. To have more adequate represen- Of that new world that He would example, Dr. Markley who is tation of youth on our Mission Boards. have us build, secretary of the Board of Edu- cation of the United Lutheran 2. To have a compuls·ory retiring To life's ennoblement and His high Church spoke of a young man be- age for Board secretaries. ministry. longing to the Student League for Industrial Democracy, who 3. To have a re-statement and re- To pledge our souls to nobler, loftier came into her office one day to definition of our missionary enter- life, talk. When asked if he found prise that will make it possible for anything new in this movement people to believe that we mean to stop To win the world to His fwir sanc- which he could not find in the overlapping and rivalry and denomi- tities, New Testament, his answer was: national divisions. "I never thought about that." To bind the nations in a pact of peace, "Reared in a Christian home, Opening S e s s ion, Annual And free the Soul of Life for finer graduated from a Christian col- Meeting of the Council of Wom- loyalties. en, was a fellowship supper on [145 ] January eighth. Mrs. Daniel A. I Poling presided, and her opening Not of our own might can we hope to rise Above the ruts and failures of the past, But with His help Who did the first earth build With hearts courageous may we fairer build this last.

-John Oxenham. message was "Love one another, Tuesday Evening, with the new realization of missions and as I have loved you." Mrs. An- Home Missions Council. a dependence upon God.

son Spotton of the Un it e d At a well attended dinner The summary address by Dr. Church of Canada was one of meeting, Dr. Henry W. A. Han- Albert W. Beaven, President of our honor guests, as was Mrs. son, chairman of the Committee the Federal Council of Churches Howard Wayne Smith, president on Review and Forecast, gave an of Christ, stressed the value of interesting address. He said: cooperation. of the former Federation ')f Women's Boards of Foreign Mis- The Home MisSions task of the Weare conscious of the tradition sions. This organization is now Church is not one which could be com- for which we stand,-the cause of integrating its work with that mitted to a small group of men and Christ. In reviewing our home misof the Foreign Missions Confer- women as theirs alone, it is the task sion task, no one has the sense of h!1vence. of the whole Church, the task of mak- ing done it as it should be done, we ing America Christian, of driving the come with a sense of inadequacy. That Miss Weddell presented the pipes out into the desert lands of is not due to not reaching our goal, findings of the Young People's America. merely that the nearer we came to Committee, and the Executive the goal, the broader, the finer, the Secretary, Miss Anne Seesholtz, The Church has three great responsi- deeper, the project seemed to become. in her report, marked for us bilities: We have conquered ground and de- veloped resources and must now turn month by month, the major tasks (1) The slum areas, out of touch them into a blessing. We of the accomplished this year. Miss with everything worth while. Church are realizing we have not Seesholtz is serving on the fac- counted as we ought to count if we ulty of the Florida Chain of Mis- (2) The second great "'roup are in are as we profess to be. sions from January 20 through our educational institutions. There February 15, speaking in church- are thirty million boys and girls, men If curtailment will move in the dies, schools and clubs several and women enrolled in various types rection of cooperation it will accomtimes each day. of educational institutions. What plish much. Cooperation that is in the are the churches doing for them? form of emulation, is an advantage. In the absence of Miss Sees- Education must have at its heart "that It must be fitted to the needs of the holtz we are happy to prepare mind which was in Christ Jesus." people participating. Denominationalthis account of the annual meet- Student pastors are like flowers here ism as it exists, implements our: selfings. The executive secretary and there in a great desert. We are ishness. We cling tenaciously to little related a story told by Alex- turning out students with Rolls-Royce loyalties to the exclusion of bigger ander Irvine of his mother Anna, power and Ford brakes, growing up ones. who when he was a lad put two with everything but spiritual earnestsmooth sticks in his hands, told ness. America needs a generation of The Joint Sessions of the him to hold tight, close his eyes, young people coming into her pulpits, Councils. Our Supreme Enand see the tree at the end of a who are spiritually earnest about their couragement, 0 u r Available field, in which he would plow a tasks, asking to supply the place of Companionship, 0 u r Watchstraight furrow. She concluded greatest missionary need. word for the Hour, the s e her lesson by saying:- thoughts on which Dr. Ernest (3) Group of the political burden M. Halliday centered our wor- Listen dear, ye've put yer han' t' bearers. ship during the three days, were the plow; ye must niver, niver take truly helpful in setting a high it away. All through life ye'll have The Church of today is like the level for our considerations and thim plow handles in yer han's an' Mount of Transfiguration, where the discussions. superlative found divine expression. At the foot of the mount is an infinite "Home Missions Today and need, a confused and baffled disciple- Tomorrow," the book prepared ship, needing the infinite power from the top to give them a magnificent ob- session.

ye'll be going down the furrow. Ye'll With a contagious sparkle, and by Rev. Hermann N. Morse, crack a stone here an' there, the freshness, Miss Lena Gillian, of D.D., was presented under four plow'II stick offen and things will be Annville Academy, in Kentucky, headings. (1) Interpretation, out of gear, but ye're in the furrow giving the underlying point of all the time. Ye'll change horses, ye'll and now in training as a nurse, view of the report, its purpose, change clothes, ye'll change yerself, spoke of the influence (in her the spirit and scope of it. (2) but ye'll always be in the furrow, years at school) of Christian Adequacy of the present proplowin', plowin', plowin'-ye're God's women who had stirred her am- gram. (3) Relationships of peoplow man. bition to make her life count too. ples, of agencies, Church groups In 1933 we too have been "God's plowmen." Miss Florence Another splendid contribution and non-church groups. (4) Tyler, Secretary of the Commit- to our evening was made by Dan Next Steps-specific recommentee on The World Day of Prayer, Poling of Princeton. His topic, dations to focus attention on the gave us a vivid picture of the "The Need of the Young People major forward steps. World Day of Prayer observance of the Church for the Mission Dr. Morse in his opening presin many places, and the realiza- Field," was illustrated by his entation, pointed the fact that tion of the length of the observ- own experience in teaching in "all of our problems are not due ance around the world, forty Daily Vacation Bible Schools in to this economic depression," it hours! the coal fields of South Dakota. has but accentuated the problems The Council of Women met in He sensed in it an opportunity, we already had, thrown them inseparate session on Tuesday and sensed also his poverty, felt to. bolder relief. "Weare forced morning in order to receive the he had nothing to give to boys to adapt the whole structure of reports of our standing commit- and girls who walk six miles home missions to the changed tees. every day to class. It brought a Meeds of this new day."

AMERICA Mexican Outbreak Against ferences for Christian

Religion people have been held with ex- United Evangelical Church of After an interval since the last cellent success for three years. Puerto Rico outbreak against clericalism in Tlanextepec, an Aztec word Mexico, recent events indicate which means "the hill where the the beginning of a fresh, cam- The Evangelical Union of new day breaks," is the mean- Puerto Rico, organized in 1916 paign further to eliminate the ingful name given the young as a coordinating agency for people's camp where a new day Baptist, Disciples, Methodist and influence of the Church from the in reality is breaking for the Presbyterian churches, and the youth of Mexico. United Evangelical Church of life of the State. It is not merely Puerto Rico (Christian, Congre- the Roman Catholic Church Contagious Enthusiasm gational and United Brethren), which is the object of attack, but have reorganized under a new all churches and all religion. The Central American Indian name and constitution. Mission reports the following in- Speakers at the convention of stance of loyalty: This new organization's policy the National Revolutionary party (the party now in power VVhen the question was brought up will be to make grants of appro- as to whether the little lukewarm con- in Mexico), lately in session at gregation in San Antonio Palopo priations to the aided churches Queretero, shouted "Down with could support their Zutugil student religion! Down with God !" pastor and family, there was a tendrather than directly to their min- ency to fall back upon the arm of the Hostility to all religion is shown isters. The local council of the in declarations like the follow- United Church will apportion ing: mission. But one member arose and the grants from the mission The revolutionaries are not ene- said, "Brethren, we have very little Boards, instead of having indi- mies only of the Roman Catholic money to give, but we can give what vidual grants made by the Board Church but of all churches, because we have. I offer one acre of planted committees at the home offices. they deform men's brains, transfo~m­ land for the use of our pastor." It is hoped that the Evangelical ing them into instruments for servmg Churches of Puerto Rico will capitalism. Another Christian eagerly anthus be able to enjoy independ- nounced, "I give two acres of land ence with fellowship. There is no God except in petrified ready to plant." hearts and books. The priests are Haiti Becomes Hispaniola like bartenders who exploit mankind. A third jumped to his feet and promised, HI offer one acre of my The second largest island in VVe must sacrifice even respect for timber plot, so that our pastor may area and population in the West our mothers' beliefs for the sake of be assured of enough wood for his Indies, Haiti, which comprises the younger generation, giving the use." the Republics of Haiti and of latter socialist, rationalist and un- Santo Domingo, is making its prejudiced education. The enthusiasm charged the whole appearance on official United congregation. Several agreed to States maps and in publications The Mexican government is a furnish foodstuffs, while others promas Hispaniola, thus having its "revolutionary" government, and ised small sums of money. That en- some of the leaders, who are thusiasm still continues unabated, most influential in it, are con- with actual fulfilment of their prom- vinced that the revolution must ises. grow more anti-religious. -Moody Institute Monthly. -Christian Century. "No Crisis With God" in Chile William M. Strong, of the name restored to that given it by Mexico's Sunday Schools Soldiers' Gospel Mission of Columbus when he discovered it in 1492. Haiti was the original More than 500 Evangelical South America and stationed at Sunday schools)n Mexico have a Concepcion, Chile; was inspired Carib name for the island. This total enrolment of about 40,000. with fresh hope by the receipt change was made because it has This is an increase of sixty per been difficult to distinguish the cent over the report made last of a letter enclosing a check, and whole island, and the Republic year at Rio de Janeiro. Mexico the words: "There is no crisis of Haiti, which occupies only also leads the twenty Latin with the Lord."

Many new homes have been opened to the Gospel through the one-half of it. It was also an American nations in vacation tent services and vacation Bible injustice to Santo Domingo, Bible schools, with the possible Schools. The work is branching which occupies the other half. exception of Brazil. Camp con- out to include 100,000 Mapuchi [147 ]

Indians, who are largely within EUROPE the loss of her wealth and social a circle 120 miles in diameter. Buddhism Bold in Britain prestige, and the persecutions to These Indians are now en- which she is subjected-has been thralled in a system of witch- Buddhism is preparing to to increase her attractiveness craft. make its first bid for an impor- for the Jews. Under the Czar it Mr. Strong points out the tre- tant place in Europe. It is not is said that the Jews who turned mendous opportunity in the an Easterner who is leading the to Christianity did so for very rural districts of Chile. The movement, but a Jew, named worldly reasons, and few paid Mission has recently purchased Trebitsch Lincoln, who before any real attention to the Gospel 25 acres of land in a thickly pop- donning the gray and yellow- message. It is different today. ulated rural district, where the brown robes of the Abbot Chao Under the official harrow an people are a sturdy, serious Kung, was a cleric of the evangelical movement is spreadminded type, but unreached by Church of England, member or ing and deepening within the the Gospel. the British Parliament, then a Russian Church, whose simple spy for Germany during the primitive Christian doctrine and sincere spirit of brotherhood are Sowing the Seed in Brazil World War. He is now the drawing the Jews within its in- fluence as no church movement Baptist mIsSIonaries, who leader of a band of twelve dis- ever did before." have labored in the Amazon ciples, drawn from leading counvalley of Brazil for over forty -Watchman-Examiner. years, have seen great changes tries of Europe. Undaunted by take place. The most important his exclusion from Great Britain Scandinavian Missions is the number of people from almost every class of life, who and Sweden, and expUlsion from The Lutheran Church in the have come to know Jesus Christ Belgium last year, Abbot Chao Scandinavian countries reports as their personal Saviour. Over Kung is determined to return to its foreign mission enterprise in five hundred belong to the Bap- Europe with his twelve disciples the following figures: tist churches scattered all the way from Para (or Belein) to and several Chinese monks to Denmark Norway Sweden the borders of Peru and Colom- establish a monastery. bia, on the Amazon River; to the Missionaries . 240 400 700 southwest on the Madeira River If he is not allowed entry to to Bolivia; to the north on the any country in Europe he Contributions (crowns) . 1,750,000 3,000,000 4,250,000 threatens that all Christian mis- sionaries in Buddhist lands must Baptized In go home. 1930 ….. 1,900 11,000 6,000 Native Chris- -New York Times. tians …. 29,000 156,000 85,000 White River towards British New Conditions in Spain AFRICA Guiana. Spanish Protestants are still a Abyssinia's Crusade Against Presbyterians also have sta- feeble folk, numbering less than Slavery tions and doing good work in 20,000, but among them are men Brazil. The British Bible So- of ability and consecration, who Antislavery reform measures are dreaming of a strong Evan- in Abyssinia, to bring slavery to ciety maintains a staff of col- gelical Church of Spain. Several an end within a period of twenty porteurs, who use their own foreign churches – American, years, have been making proglaunches and canoes, traveling French, Swiss, German, Dutch, ress since they were put into English, Irish, and Scottish are force over a year ago. A Slavery up and down the many rivers helping toward this end. In Department was established in and sowing the Word of God. 1932, the Evangelical Church of August, 1933, and first concen- St. Paul was dedicated in Bar- trated on preventing slave raids Forty years ago there was one celona, a city of 1,000,000 peo- and the trade in slaves. It was ple. Less than two years pre- revealed that some of the highlone Methodist missionary and vious, evangelical forces were est officials were involved in wife working Para. They were not permitted even to hold a con- these affairs; one of them was self-supporting, but had to put ference in Barcelona. The open- Sheik Khojali, whose wife had ing of this church is said to be actually established a slave deup a hard, brave struggle to without a parallel in Spain. pot in the Sudan, through which manage a living. had passed 600 slave children. Persecution Adds Strength She was imprisoned, and is now The Christian natives make in a Sudan jail. active soul winners but being World Dominion states that, young in the faith and having no in spite of unceasing attacks -Literary Digest. upon all religion in Russia, the previous knowledge of the Bible facts tend to prove that Chris- After Twenty-eight Years and the Christian life, they are not always stable without the oversight of the missionary.

We greatly need reinforcements and support to keep those who are on the field from being called home.

MRS. E. A. NELSON, tianity is far from being a spent Nearly 4,000 Christians, many Caixa 84A, Manaos, for force. According to a German of them second generation be- forty-one years a mission- writer: "One consequence of the lievers, dedicated their new ary in Brazil. Church's temporal misfortune- Lolodorf Church in Ngumba,

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

West Africa, last July. Large riage and divorce, education for Saoud, powerful ruler 9f Arabia, girls, etc. Other questions were including the Hedjaz and Mecca. delegations from five daughter brought up by the women them- Riadh is in the very heart of churches were present to rejoice selves. These were the principal Arabia 300 miles west of Bahwith the mother church in this findings of the women: rain, the Persian Gulf port, and first permanent church home 450 miles east of Jidda, the port since the organization twenty- 1. A believer ought not to marry an on the Red Sea through which eight years ago. The building unbeliever, and the Church must not letters reach us. sanction such marriages. is a credit to all who had a part The following brief letter, in fulfilling a long-cherished 2. It is the duty of women to rear dated Riadh, October 11, 1933, their children in Christian homes, and from Mrs. G. D. Van Peursem, dream – dignified, compact, yet to allow their daughters equal oppor- of the Arabian Mission of the commodious; with a main audi- tunities with the boys for schooling. Reformed Church in America, torium, three gallaries, choir loft gives a fascinating first glimpse 3. The wife of a teacher should al- of the king's household as seen and session room. It is built of ways go with him to live in the village through the eyes of a Christian brick, cement and tile. where he teaches. (It is far too com- woman. mon for a wife to let her husband go Two dedicatory services were alone to the new village where he has Who had faith enough to believe been sent as teacher.) that on Dr. Dame's fourth visit, he held to accommodate the crowds, would have his wife, an Indian nurse and the seating capacity was all 4. Wives of teachers ought to be and myself along and so open wom- taught too, so that they can help their en's work in the very center of the taken by church members only. husbands. They should have teaching Islamic world, in the palace harem in hygiene and mid-wifery as well as of the King, Bin Saoud? Old Man Burns Gods in elementary school subjects. We have been here almost three On one of his tours from 5. Christians must not drink fer- months. Permission to leave has been mented drinks of any kind, whether tentatively granted for October 20 Moanza, in Belgian Congo, made of the juice of sugar cane or but we doubt that arrangements will pineapple, mashed corn, or the sap of be made for that date. As guests of Africa, a Baptist worker visited the palm tree. the King, we naturally are not inde- pendent; as a matter of fact no a village set on a high grassy 6. Christians should not indulge in European or American ever comes to heathen customs of mourning for the Riadh unless invited or permitted to hill. As he entered he heard dead. come by the King, and is his guest during his stay. songs, and soon over five hun- -Missions. Both Mrs. Dame and I have been dred people were gathered and New Afrikaans Bible adopted as members of the family as far as social position is concerned. he began to examine a large In the British and Foreign Bi- The King holds a Mejlis (reception) ble Society's magazine, Rev. A. every Friday for his women relatives, number of candidates for bap- H. Wilkinson says that the new sisters, aunts, wives, daughters and Afrikaan's Bible has "veritably daughters-in-law. We have been intism. The first to be examined proved best seller. The English vited to attend these. Everybody sits Shilling Bible sold half a million according to rank, the King's own full was an old chief, Tawamba, who copies in a year. There are prob- sisters by his own mother, sitting ably fifty times more people nearest to him. We have been placed during the past year had given speaking English than there are next to the youngest of thes.e three speaking Afrikaans, yet, al- sisters and ahead of the other nine. evidence of a change of life and though the Afrikaans book is Wives do not rank as high as sisters. two and a half times the price of The King introduced us to those who had been leading his people to- the English, we have expecta- had not met us previously, by telling tions of selling a quarter of a them we were the only Christians he ward Christianity. While he was million within the first year. would invite to Riadh, that we were Seldom in the history of the So- real true Christians, missionaries, being examined there lay before ciety has a new version of the whose purpose is to spread their re- Bible had such instantaneous ligion, and that we were doing everythe little church a smoldering success. During the past fifteen thing we did in the service of God. years the language has been reheap of fetishes and images, the made. The vocabulary has been JOSEPHINE E. VAN PEURSEM. standardized by the publication last of his idols and fetishes. -Neglected Arabia. of official dictionaries and gram- When· the old chief made his mars. Afrikaans has ousted Persecutions of Moham- Dutch from the schools as a medeclaration of faith in Christ, dium of instruction." medans the native pastor turned to -The Presbyterian. The activities of the Soviet Government in Turkestan are whisper to the worker: "Tata, WESTERN ASIA causing many Mohammedans to leave the country. Many of you. can't appreciate what this At the Cour,t of Bin Saoud them reach the Panjab and Delhi. The Statesman, published all means to him. There are his For the first time American in Calcutta, reports that the re- women have been invited to strictions of the government beold gods outside smoldering, and Riadh, capital city of Sheikh Bin gan with the prohibition of all here he, an old man, has dared to say they are powerful in life no longer!" -Forward.

, New Day for Congo Women To a conference of native church workers, held at Sona Bata, each station sent two women delegates. This is the first time Congo women have organ- ized for business and discussion. Sessions for men and women were held separately but all joined in devotional periods. The men proposed what they considered proper questions for the women to consider – mar-

religious instruction in the drivers. One driver sleeps while BOMBAY PRESIDENCY: schools as well as of all mission- the others are in charge. ary activity. As the influence One missionary to every 37,575 Inof Moscow increased, the Koran Back of the front baggage dian Population. and other religious books were compartment is a bulkhead taken away. In order to prevent carrying two spare wheels and UNITED PROVINCES: the attendance at the mosques, tires, and back of this bulkhead the officials compelled all who is a complete buffet, with a re- One missionary to every 66,956 Inwent there to pray, to pay high frigerator holding 500 pounds dian population. taxes and the preachers and of ice and accommodating ample heads of congregations who op- food and drink for the trip, a CENTRAL PROVINCES: posed these regulations, were double plate burner for cooking, imprisoned, shot to death or sent and complete serving equipment. One missionary to every 42,639 Into Moscow, from where no Serving and recreation tables dian population. further word ever reached their and other conveniences are furfriends. Religious schools were nished. A telephone system con- PUNJAB: closed and Mohammedan chil- nects the driver in the tractor dren were compelled to attend cab with the crew of the pas- One missionary to every 60,690 Inschools where atheism was senger coach. dian population. taught. They were taught to despise the religion of their par- The second class section of the BURMA: ents. Those who wanted to make coach is located at the rear. pilgrimages to the holy places Underneath is the water supply One missionary to every 37,700 Inreceived no passports and fast- tank holding 90 gallons. At the dian population. ing for religious reasons was forward end of this section is a declared a criminal offence. lavatory compartment. MADRAS: This presents a close parallel It is this service and similar One missionary to every 41,124 Into what was and is still experi- ones that have opened up the dian population. enced by Christians under the Near East to the tourist and same government! have enabled many Bible stu- CEYLON: dents to visit the sites of ancient A New Ship of the Desert Biblical cities like Babylon, Ur One missionary to every 32,973 In- of the Chaldees and Nineveh. dian population. A recent interesting and sig- Along with this has gone the denificant development in the East velepoment of air travel, which RAJPUTANA: is the transportation by motor has made it possible to reach bus from Damascus and Haifa ancient Babylon from England One missionary to every 14,363 Into Baghdad across the desert. in a few days. dian population. This service was established by two brothers named Nairn, and -The Evangelical Witness. CENTRAL INDIA: is today one of the recognized feature"s of Eastern travel. Re- Service in Kabul One missionary to every 75,171 Incently there has been constructed dian population. for this service by the Bender Not since 1879 has a Christian Body Company and Marmon- service been held in Kabul until Even these figures do not tell Herrington Co. of the United last fall. The chaplain at Pesh- the whole story, since half of the States the largest motor bus in awar was asked to come to the missionaries are engaged in medthe world. legation that the staff might ob- ical, educational and industrial serve the Lord's Supper. A work, thus giving to each evan- This caravan coach is seventy medical missionary from the gelistic missionary twice the feet long and eleven feet high. C. M. S. hospital accompanied number of population above It has both first-class and second- him, but not as a missionary, specified. class passenger compartments, for it was specifically agreed with front and rear inside stor- that there should be no preach- -United Church Record. age spaces accommodating 6,100 ing apart from the Sunday servpounds of freight and baggage. ices for the legation staff. This Fifty-three Confirmations The rear fish tail end holds 3,100 chaplain was probably the first pounds and the space at the British missionary to enter Dr. Azariah, Bishop of Dornafront over the fifth wheel 3,000 Afghanistan for a hundred kal, had fifty-three confirmations pounds. Interior luggage shelves years. -Alliance Weekly. within a year, confirming 3,054 in the first-class compartment persons. Massachusetts, New accommodate 2,500 pounds. Ad- INDIA York and Pennsylvania are the ditional luggage may be carried only American dioceses of the on the roof. The crew consists One Among Many Thousands Protestant Episcopal Church in of conductor, steward and three which this number of persons Here is the percentage of confirmed was exceeded. The missionaries to the population of first baptism in Dornakal took India, as found in the latest Mis- place, after several years' of sionary Directory: work, in 1906. As a diocese, the field has just come of age, as Bishop Azariah celebrated the twenty-first anniversary of his consecration on December 29, 1933.

But the most impressive fact is that the Indian clergy are growing. They have put con- version in the quality of one's living as the first essential to a Christian life, and have made this their primary responsibility. Teaching is put next in impor- tance. One young Indian teacher thus reports his work among vil- lage people: They used to drink toddy but when I told them of the disadvantages that

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

come and that it was a sin in God's for consolidating small uneco- and the injection "Sala," with sight, they stopped the habit. They nomical holdings. its old gun rack seats, was used used to poison cattle (to get their for all kinds of meetings. There hides) but they are now all right. I The Guardian also points to beg you to pray for the work to go on great social progress as coming has been great need for a suit- victoriously and that I may be true from the new cooperative socie- able House of Prayer. The and faithful in my work. ties which have long been India's young women's Philo Christo From Jungle to School one real hope of overthrowing Bible Class of McKeesport, Pa., the old power of the money- heard of the need and have do- A Baptist missionary of Nal- lender. Twenty-four years ago nated a beautiful building to the there was not one cooperative service of Christ among lepers. gonda, South India, writes: society in India. Today there One hundred and nine lepers The other day a man brought in his are more than one hundred thou- assembled for the joyful dedicasmall son and asked that we take him. They had walked thirty miles through sand, and the number is still in- tion service. Their "thorn in the jungle, and when they reached us and were informed about the fees re- creasing. the flesh" is recognized as given quired for entrance they were dis- A Faithful Convert in Assam to them to bring them to Christ, mayed. The lad was his eldest son, the only One who could say, with and had been dedicated to God in Far up in the northeast sec- love and authority, "I will, be prayer and hope that some day he tion of Assam Christian work is might be the preacher-teacher of the being carried on among the thou clean." Five more lepers village. The father is the only Chris- were baptized in the Christian tian there, a light to the glory of God Kachari peoples. Dr. A. J. Tut- faith. in that village. How could we turn him away? When we finally told him tle writes of an outstanding con- The building is of brick with that we would try to make provision vert, Demphla, who used to be a for the boy the father made his bitter enemy of the Christians. reenforced concrete pillars and salaam.s of thanksgiving and walked Early last year he accepted concrete floor and will seat two silently away. The father's earnings Christianity and being a leader hundred: The arcade which amount to about ten cents a day, and in his village his stand has atthere are eight others in the family. tracted others. Eighty-one new runs around the building will accommodate nearly a hundred – Watchman-Examiner. converts in his and a neighbor- more. ing village are reported. The "Villager the Real Indian" supervising pastor receives loyal The Home is struggling finan- support whenever he visits in The Manchester Guardian that area. cially as political disturbances claims that "the villager is the have delayed the granting of essential Indian," and that the -Watchman-Examiner. life in India's half million vil- promised aid from the Govern- ment. It is earnestly hoped that adequate help may come to tide over this real crisis.

lages will continue to dominate Burman Agricultural School More than nineteen thousand that country's 330,000,000 peo- of Siam's twenty thousand lepers ple. For this reason the Guardian The Agricultural School at still remain without scientific reminds the British Government Pyinmana, Burma, has com- treatment for their disease. that reform must begin with pleted its tenth year. The Gov- This constitutes tremendous village improvement. A plan ernment cooperates heartily and challenge to the Government, to toward this end was promoted makes a generous annual grant. the Church and to the friends of by Sir Frederick Sykes during Special features of the school lepers everywhere. DR. McDANIEL. his presidency of Bombay, ac- are the Annual Rural Recon- cording to which the village struction Institute, held each CHINA councils were urged to become spring, and the Workers' Instiinstruments of voluntary better- tute, held each autumn. There ment, and each to make their have been 342 students enrolled. Light in Darkness own village a "model." Of the graduates 58% have gone One is impressed with the fact The possibilities are almost back to farms, and 88 % are en- that while the material condition endless. In health matters every gaged in some form of service b of the people in Manchuria has villager could be taught to have rural communities. Student ac- never been worse, the spiritual himself vaccinated regularly tivities are reaching out to help condition of the church there against smallpox, to keep the as many people as possible. The has never been better. The new village water supply pure, to school farm occupies approxi- spirit which has awakened is build village incinerators and mately 200 acres. opening more doors for the Gostrench latrines, to drain stag- -Agricultural Mission Notes. pel than adverse material condi- nant pools, and to build his house tions are closing.

under by-law regulations which SIAM This spiritual impetus could the Council will have power to A New Chapel for Lepers be discerned at least four years enforce. Schools could be built before the Japanese political and illiteracy sharply cut down. At the Nakon Leper Home in coup d'etat of September, 1931.

For the farmer there could be Sritamarat, Siam, a new chapel About two years ago in Liaoyang advice and instruction for im- was dedicated on November 5. City Church 66 adults were bap- proving the yield of crops, and The Home was opened in 1927 tized at one service. In that dis-

trict there are at present over for Christian scholars to win the edu- evangelistic team were stoned by 500 inquirers preparing for bap- cated classes. Nearly all the members a prominent man from the welltism. In Moukden East Church of the present senior class are Chris- to-do section of the village, and during 1932 there were 165 tians. There is no reason for the Marcia in trying to escape, fell adult baptisms, with 200 in- University to continue unless it is a and narrowly missed being quirers receiving definite in- definitely Christian school. We need killed. The man who threw the struction. In a small village help in training leaders, in supporting stones was frightened. He ofchurch south of Moukden mem- such strategic institutions as ours, in fered to set off firecrackers, give bership was doubled in one year. encouraging us to attempt daring ex- a feast – anything Pastor Go Similar reports come from all periments in order to adapt our work might suggest as a formal apolsections. One striking evidence to the new day. Send us your best ogy. Both Marcia and Pastor of spiritual growth is the in- teachers and above all make your own Go refused to approve such repcreasing number of Chinese re- Christian life a center of power. aration. He couldn't undervival preachers. stand their attitude. When he – Watchman-Examiner. insisted on doing something to Rural Rehabilitation make amends, Pastor Go said Success of Chengtu Hospital they would accept a statement, Though embroiled in many signed by himself, that never political upheavals, government Notable work has been done again would he or his friends in officials are not overlooking the by the Eye, Ear, Nose and the village molest the Christians necessity of rural rehabilitation. Throat Hospital in Chengtu, of the village, nor would he ever General Chiang and his col- China, in training and inspiring again exact money from the leagues intend to set plans in Chinese young men to become Christians for idol worship and operation in Kiangsi and Fukien specialists in fields greatly needed showy idol processions. as soon as possible after they re- by China's millions. This Hos- -Woman's Missionary Friend. capture territory there from the pital in the capital of Szechuan communists. They are definitely Province is under the Methodist JAPAN-CHOSEN seeking the aid of Christian Board and is superintended by forces in this plan. Anglicans Dr. R. A. Petersen. Dr. Lu Christianity's Superior and Methodists in that region Djong-lin, after special training are quite sympathetic. A com- there, has just returned from a Teaching mittee of Christians has already twenty months' scholarship in been organized in this connec- England. He is one of the first The Japanese Government tion. The National Christian Chinese to take an advanced de- gave recognition of the National Council of China, whose aid was gree abroad and now holds an Christian Council of Japan by also requested, sent representa- assistant professorship on the sending two representatives 9f tives to Nanchang to confer faculty. Others have made no- the national Department of Eduabout the matter. Government table records. cation. One of the representaauthorities have offered to sup- tives stated that "Christianity ply a considerable part of the -Christian Advocate. has rendered a service to Japan funds needed. which is far out of proportion to Seventy New Centers the number of its adherents. -Christian Century. The superior character of its It is reported that at least teachings and the fact that it in- Need for Christian Educators seventy new centers in China troduced a new culture into have been occupied by the mis- Japan has made this possible. In Dr. Herman C. E. Liu, Presi- sionaries of the China Inland its present situation, however, dent of the University of Shang- Mission since the beginning of Japan is not so dependent on forhai, said in an address before a the forward movement in 1928. eign thought and influence as meeting of Baptists in Chicago: During the first nine months of formerly, and it is incumbent on last year 3,699 baptisms were Christianity to become indig- The business man, the diplomat and reported, more than 1,000 above enous to the soil and soul of the the traveler may have hostile views of the number reported for the nation." The representative of missions, but the Christian outlook same period last year. Japan's bureau of religions alone can be true to the real situation. pointed out that everything that The Christian churches in China are -Watchman-Examiner. has been taken into Japan's culan effective evangelizing agency, and ture in the past has been incorin spite of difficulties they are making An Adventure for Chris,t porated into the genius and life marked success. At the Christian of the empire; and that Chris- University of Shanghai there are Marcia D. Uong, a graduate tianity, if it is going to make its forty buildings, 2,500 students, and of Hwa Nan College and at pres- largest contribution, must also 1,500 in the extension courses. There ent a member of the faculty of develop within the national are 1,000 alumni of the University the Women's Biblical Institute spirit. Forty-four communions scattered throughout China. All the at Foochow in charge of the field and national Christian organizaleading Baptist ministers are grad- evangelistic work, returned from tions cooperating in the Council uates, as well as the leaders in all a twelve-day series of meetings were represented. Christian movements and many public on Haitang Island bruised and officials. injured, but smilingly recounted an adventure which paralleled The University is an important that of Paul when he was stoned evangelizing agency and there is need by the people of Lystra. The

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

New Kyo Kwan ill-treatment of children. Ten missionaries are needed and de- prefectures had rules for the sired by the Korean Church. On December 15, 1933, the proper treatment of children There is change of status and new building of the Christian which were enacted to prevent function, there is transfer of re- Literature Society and the cruelty on the part of foster par- sponsibility and control, but American Bible Society on the ents. In the rest of the prov- there is no loss of influence and Ginza was opened in Tokyo in inces it was left to the police to opportunity. the presence of 300 Japanese admonish guardians or parents, and foreign residents. Mr. and to inform the Prevention Says Bishop Welch: "My re- Hampei Nagao, Chairman of the Society when children had to be port on Korea is one of progress. Board of Directors, presided taken away from home. The progress in material things over the service which was ad- impresses one as soon as he dressed by Mr. Joseph Clarke Boys' Work in Korea enters the country…… This Grew, the American Ambas- widespread material change, if sador, and by Mr. Ryutaro Dr. E. T. Cho, prominent not equaled, is at least accom- Nagai, the Japanese Overseas Korean educator with a staff of panied by a striking advance in Minister. five workers, has undertaken a the Christian forces at work." piece of neglected philanthropy The new building stands on in the establishment of a Boys' -World Outlook. the same site occupied for 35 Work Association, a volunteer years by Christian publishing organization interested in the ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC organizations. practical and spiritual regenera- tion of Korean youth through Gospel Ship in Philippines Enthusiasm and vigor in spir- the extension of educational and itually uplifting the people to- Christian facilities. According Capt. Ellis Skolfield, comward a higher plane of life were to Dr. Cho, a vast army of Ko- mander of the Gospel Ship in the urged by Mr. Nagai whose rean boys and young men of Philippines, writes of increasing speech stressed that spiritual school age are at the mercy of interest among the p e 0 pie food is a fundamental necessity seemingly insurmountable bar- reached by this work. Bibles to the life of a people. riers in their search for educa- are sold and the proceeds used tion and their choice of a life to distribute the Scriptures The closing address was de- vocation. It will be the purpose among those too poor to buy. livered by Dr. Daikichiro Tag- of this Association to make these Capt. Skolfield writes of a man awa, President of Meiji Gakuin. barriers less hazardous through who came to him and said: "Do Christian teaching. The plan you have any of the words of Je- Protection of Children calls for night schools, special sus on this ship ?" We informed lectures, training in the arts and him that we had. He replied, "All Social legislation in Japan crafts, religious direction, physi- my life I have been wanting to made a forward stride on Oc- cal and athletic activities and hear some of the words of Jesus. tober 1, when an act for the pro- pursuit of world fellowship I have no money to buy them, tection of children from ill-treat- through correspondence and ex- but I have a good pig that I will ment and employment in certain change between nations. give you if you will let me have occupations harmful to their some of Jesus' words." To test moral or physical development A Bishop Looks at Korea the man we said, "Is this all that came into force. Some difficulty you have to exchange for the was anticipated in the enforce- Last June, Bishop Herbert words of Jesus?" He replied, "I ment, as interference with pa- Welch, of the Methodist Church, have a small house, a few cocoarental rights is contrary to J ap- made his first visit to Korea nut trees and some rice that I anese tradition. The need for since the reorganization of Meth- shall harvest next month. This legal protection had, however, odism in that country. On a is all that I have in the world." already been felt for some time, Conference Sunday in Pyeng- Then we told the man that the for, on account of the rapid in- yang he saw in operation some Lord Jesus wanted his heart and dustrialization of the country outstanding characteristics of not his pig or his land; and we and the consequent change in the the reorganized Church,-a gen- gave him the words of Jesus. social structure, the number of eral superintendent of limited destitute and ill-treated children term and powers; one order and Medical work is heavy. Nearly had increased. Furthermore, only one in the ministry; equal 800 people were given treatment since the coming into force of rights of women in all church in one month, more than half bethe Reformatory Act in 1900 and relations; and the more com- ing malaria cases. -Letter. the Juvenile Court Law in 1923 plete recognition of laymen in closer attention had been paid to matters of legislation and ad- News from ,the Philippines the causes underlying juvenile ministration. He found both delinquency which were often spirit and activity full of prom- Japan's Christian Graphic has found to be ill-treatment in ise. been used since July as a picchildhood, neglect, illegitimacy, torial supplement to five Philippoverty, bad neighborhoods, etc. As much as ever he found that pine religious newspapers. From 4,500 to 10,200 copies have been So far there had been no uni- circulated each month. formity in dealing with cases of

Within the last month two that binds the average church were held on the Pacific Coast church buildings have been dedi- within such narrow limits," and during November, under the cated in Manila, one by the there is needed "a thorough co- auspices of the Federal Council's United Evangelical Church, the ordination of all the agencies." Department of Evangelism. The other by a group of the Disciples Certain things can be done by testimony of many leaders in of Christ. The first cost ap- the denominations together to Seattle, Portland, Sacramento, proximately $12,500, the second demonstrate the i r essential Oakland, Fresno, Los· Angeles about $4,500. Both are attrac- unity, with efficiency, economy and San Diego was that a great tive edifices and contribute and good will in the promotion stimulus was given to the evan- greatly to the Protestant cause. of the total task. gelistic spirit of the churches.

Similar buildings erected any- Home Mission Advance In each of these cities there was where in the United States would a large attendance of pastors.

doubtless cost three or four As a result of the work of the Beginning January 3, a simtimes the amount invested in Five-Year Program Committee ilar series of conferences was these churches. The Union and the Committee on Review held in Eastern and Southern Church of Manila with 316 mem- and Forecast, the Home Missions cities, reaching from New York bers has raised a budget of more Councils have projected a pro- to Miami. than $16,000, half of which is gram of advance. The objective for the operation of a hall for is to make use of their resurvey Two Denominations to Unite children of mixed American- Filipino parentage. of the American home mission The organic union of two fields, to readj ust their lines of -Christian Century. work, to effect closer coopera- large denominations, the Re- formed Church in the United Putting Faith to Work tion between the denominations S tat e s and the Evangelical and to acquaint the churches A boy who had been trained in with the present needs and op- Synod of North America, will be an English mission in Borneo portunities so as to enlist their effected next June. Both these and had returned to his distant fuller cooperation. denominations are outgrowths country home, later reappeared of the Protestant Reformation at the mission with five friends A Joint Committee on Planwhom he had prepared for bap- ning and Strategy has been con- of the sixteenth century in tism and who had come with stituted, made up of representa- Europe. The Reformed Church him the three-days' walk to the tives of the Home Missions mission. The boy said simply, in the United States has 350,- "I am trying to do something for Council, the Council of Women 000 members in more than 1,700 God who has done so much for for Home Missions, the Federal churches, largely in Pennsylme." Council of Churches, the Inter- vania and Ohio, but it has con- national Council of Religious gregations throughout the West NORTH AMERICA Education, the Com m u nit y as far as the Pacific Coast. The The Home Mission Task Church Workers and the Mis- Evangelical Synod of North sionary Education Movement. America, with 325,000 members The average annual expendi- This Joint Committee is to meet in nearly 1,300 congregations, ture for Home Missions the past June 4 to 10 for a week's study five years was $24,893,888 by 22 and planning. It is proposed to has its largest membership in Protestant denominations, as re- Illinois and Indiana and in the vealed by a survey completed by hold a series of regional threethe Home Missions Council. day conferences in various parts Southwest. The new denomina- The total number of enterprises tion, to be known as The Evanrecorded is 29,653, including of the country, followed by three gelical and Reformed Church, one-day conferences at strategic will be represented in almost points. These local conferences will be provided for by local or- every state. -Christian Intelligencer.

missions, Sunday s c h 0 0 I H, ganizations but teams of effec- Ten Years' Advance churches, schools, community tive speakers will tour the centers and hospitals. The country. The Missionary Education Delargest denominational annual There is need for a careful re- partment of the Presbyterian expenditure, $5,078,669, is that alignment of the whole home Board of Christian Education reof the Presbyterian Church in mission program so that the un- ports a steady increase in the the U. S. A., which conducts finished task may be completed, number of classes held and the 6,847 enterprises. The Meth- the Church may be awakened to number of persons enrolled durodist Episcopal Church has 4,428 a keener sense of responsibility ing the past ten years. The reworkers-the largest number of and that Christians may coop-. port for 1932-33, while incomany denomination. The five- erate more effectively under the plete, shows a slight decrease in year survey reports that the guidance and power of the Holy classes and attendance over the "Protestant Church needs a new Spirit. previous year in all but one invision of its entire national task as affected by the changes of re- To Stimulate Evangelism stance; Schools of Missions were more numerous than in the year cent years." It needs "to break Seven interdenominational con- before. The total number of through the shell of parochialism ferences for spiritual advance classes in Missionary Education

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

reported for all age groups are: Episcopalian, Baptist, Presby- iah 53: 5; Daniel 9: 26; Isaiah National Missions, 5,720; For- terian and Methodist-have been 53: 8; Zachariah 12: 10; Zacheign Missions, 7,413; J 0 i n t carrying on work among the In- ariah 13: 6; (7) Urge him to Board, 2,070; total, 15,203. Five dians of the reservation. After carefully study Isaiah 53; (8) hundred and ninety Schools of years of negotiation they have Explain that the rejection of Je- Missions were held. The aver- agreed upon the parish plan, sus by the Jews does not disage attendance reported for all with the purpose that the "min- prove His Messiahship, but is classes was 316,190. istry shall include worship, so- predicted; (9) Tell the Jew he cial service and religious activ- is a sinner and needs the atone- -Presbyterian Advance. ity as primary activities." The ment for sin; (10) Answer his parish is in charge of an Indian questions about Jewish laws and Students and the Gospel pastor, the Rev. W. David Owl, ceremonies by using Jeremiah and Miss Helen Royce as direc- 31-33; (11) Ask the Jew to read Over 100,000 young students tor of religious education. the New Testament; (12) Comin America have recently signed mit the result to God. up as members of a Pocket After Many Years Testament or School Bag Gospel -The Presbyterian. League, agreeing to carry and Rev. and Mrs. J. B. Lehman read the Bible habitually. It is have recently retired from active New Church for Ute Indians a part of the movement, pro- service. Forty-two years ago moted by George T. B. Davis, to they started a small school Last November a large comlead people back to the Bible as among the Negroes at Edwards, pany of Utes and Navajos gaththe source of wisdom, strength Miss. Prejudice was very strong. ered in the assembly rooms ()f and inspiration. In this way If they went to a white church, the Towaoc Indian School for many have been led to accept no one would sit in the same pew the purpose of meeting a com- Christ as their personal Saviour, with them. If they went into mission from the Presbytery .)f more than 1,000 ministers are the store to trade, even the Ne- Pueblo in response to a petition cooperating in the distribution groes were waited on first. Their by a large number of Utes for and follow-up work. In some little school has become a large the organization of a Presbyplaces revivals have resulted, plantation, supporting a commu- terian church. After a full disand Jews, Japanese and others nity grade school, a high school, cussion of the matter on the have been led to Christ. a junior college and a training part of the Indians and the course for Negro ministers. It visitors, and after a confession For further information ad'dress The Mil- has become a center for colored of faith in Jesus Christ made by lion Testament Campaign, 1505 Race St., people. Many of its graduates those who were willing to unite Philadelphia, Pa. have become teachers and min- with the church, and the baptism isters, lawyers and doctors. A of those who had not already Washington Has Mormon I a r g e number have become been baptized, the Towaoc In- Temple farmers, mechanics and commu- dian Presbyterian Church was nity leaders in the practical arts formally organized with eighty Who would ever have expected by which their race must earn charter members. Fourteen to see a Mormon church building a living. During these 42' years, were baptized. The eighty in the nation's capital? Yet one not one of their long list of charter members do not include has been erected there on a graduates has been arrested. To- all those who would like to unite prominent corner, and was dedi·- day the whites outdo the blacks with the church. A large incated on November 5. It ap- in doing them honor. They are gathering is expected during this pears that Reed Smoot was not honored in church and commu- year. The Utes are too poor to only a United States Senator, nity enterprises. provide funds for a church but a persistent propagandist building, for which there is great for his faith. By the use of all How to Point Christ to a Jew need as a center for further efkinds of influence he secured po- fort among them. sitions of one sort or another for Miss Ruth Angel, of the New Mormons in Washington. Quiet- York City Gospel Mission to the Japanese Students' Christian ly and persistently he kept on Jews, has prepared the follow- Associa.tion until several hundred members ing outline to suggest a method of that faith came to the city, of approach to the Jews: (1) The Japanese Students' Chrismany of them in government Let the Jew know that you have tian Association of North Amerservice. He is one of the highest a genuine love for his race; (2) ica was launched at Indianapolis, Mormon officials and was pres- Tell the Jew why you love his Indiana, December 26, 1923, and ent at the dedication. race; (3) Use a direct-method has therefore completed ten witness for Christ; (4) Use the years of activity. The need for -Presbyterian Advance. Scriptures; (5) Point out very a national organization among carefully Old Testament Mes- Japanese students in America Demonstration for the Indians sianic prophecies, viz., Micah 5: was keenly felt for many years 2; Isaiah 7: 14; Psalm 2: 7 ; previous to its organization, and The Cattaraugus Reservation Psalm 2: 12; Isaiah 9: 6; Isa- one or more attempts had failed. Parish, Iroquois, Central New York, is something new under the sun. Four denominations-

The J. S. C. A. stands for char- of the one Christian in every with this, the circuit about Engacter building among Japanese thousand of population in China; land of the first regularly ap- students in America who, away of the restraint Christians have pointed mission from the Chrisfrom their homes and burdened shown during the Sino-Japanese tian churches of India.

with academic responsibilities, trouble, and of the way the Na- 3. The rounding out of a are liable to forget that char- tional Christian Councils of quarter century by the Federal acter, not wisdom, makes the Japan and China have kept in Council of Churches in America man; it has advocated the life of touch with each other; of rural "brought American Protestantservice, individually and col- reconstruction in India, with ism as a whole to a new day of lectively, nationally and interna- which the Christian Church is reckoning." tionally; it has labored to bring closely identified; of the joint "The past year," the magazine America and Japan closer to- conference of Europeans and continues, "has seen an increase gether by cultivating sympathy. colored people in South Africa; of the tendency in local com- Especially useful have been its of road building in Madagascar munities to organize their reliservices rendered in meeting and hitherto inaccessible re- gious institutions to meet their manifold personal problems of gions. Other notable advances own needs, in complete indiffer- Japanese students all over the have included the Union of the ence to the appeals for funds to country, and even in Japan. Methodist Churches in Great keep great denominational over- Britain; the publication of the head machines functioning." American Laymen's Report; the 4. The repeal of the Eight- MISCELLANEOUS visit to Great Britain of the In- eenth Amendment.

One Hundred Years' Growth dian Mission of Fellowship; the Under the caption "One Hun- Centenary of the Abolition of Cause and Cure of War dred Years Ago," the New York Slavery and the coming into Evening Post reprints in each force of the League of Nations The second largest attendance Convention for limiting the in the history of the Conference issue an item from its files of a on the Cause and Cure of War century previous. Recently the manufacture, and regulating the was recorded at its ninth assemfollowing item appeared: "In distribution of Narcotic Drugs. bling in Washington, D. C., Jan- the American Quarterly Register Baptist World Strength uary 16 to 19. The total regisfor November, 1834, we find a tration was 566, of which 558 long and elaborate summary of Baptist world strength at the w ere delegates representing foreign missionary operations close of 1933 is reported as fol- eleven interested national orall over the world. From this lows: ganizations. view we gather that the total Members Sunday Interest naturally centered in of number of missionaries is not Europe Churches School the brief informal talk which the far 'from 560. Of these con- Asia ………. Pupils President made to the delegates siderably more than half are 666,683 when they were guests at a tea supported by different English Africa …….. 397,667 626,239 in the White House Wednesday America: 94,516 179,366 societies, exclusive of about a afternoon. The President ex- 34,946 dozen supported by the Scotch." North 9,704,421 5,808,352 pressed his belief that the Con- Central and Even in the face of diminish- West Indies 69,346 54,776 .ference on the Cause and Cure ing personnel, many Boards now 49,979 40,213 of War is doing an outstanding have more than that number at South piece of education in the United work. In 1925, which was prob- Australia and 39,741 ably the peak year of giving for 52,642 States. He urged that the women New Zealand. missions, the total number of Protestant missionaries exceeded do not stop with this country 29,000. -Congregationalist. Total ….. 11,022,353 6,796,534 however, but aid similiar move- No statistics were received ments in other countries where such movements have not pro- from Russia. gressed as far as here. During the entire session the Whole World Surveyed Four Major Religious Events remarkable personality and lead- ership of Mrs. Carrie Chapman The International Review of The Christian Century lists Catt, the founder of the Confer- Missions for January presents a f 0 u r outstanding religious ence on the Cause and Cure of survey of present world condi- events of 1933, three of which War, and all through its nine tions, taking each country sep- took place in America and one years its chairman and Honorarately. Political and economic in Germany. Here is this paper's ary Chairman, were evident. conditions are used as a back- rating: ground for the work of the 1. The defeat of the Nazi at- Next year's plans call for more Church, and it is shown that tempt to reduce German Prot- round tables to set at least 10,- missionary activities are exert- estant churches to a branch of 000 more people to thinking on ing an increasing influence to- the Government. the peace aims of the Conferward betterment of world con- 2. Publication of the much de- ence; to strengthen all peace orditions. For example, the sur- bated laymen's mission report in ganizations; to keep peace (and vey tells of the growing influence the United States, and linked war) facts before the public. Our Missionary Bookshelf Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information I ~,,-===================~,~ 'Christian Mass Movements in India. are frankly faced. Probably backing of his group-which is A Study with Recommendations. the greatest objection to the usually a caste group. It is all By J. Waskom Pickett. 8 vo. 382 movement is expressed in the but impossible for the individual pages. Abingdon Press. New York. term "rice Christians." Are the to break from his group. When motives worthy? Do these peo- the group joins the church all the 1933. ple profess conversion in order old integrities and unities are to escape caste limitations, to preserved for individual sup- It is competently estimated avoid degrading work, to obtain port and he is protected against that eighty per cent of the pres- aid when oppressed, and so on? social dislocation. Thus the ent members of the Protestant The study, while recognizing the mass movement is "the most Church in India are the result of extreme difficulty of assessing natural way of approach to group decisions to embrace motives, gives little ground for Christ," and in the opinion of Christianity. It is believed that the assertion that secular mo- these students of the Christian during the ten-year period 1921- tives have been the chief reasons enterprise is the only way likely 31, an annual average of 125,- for embracing Christianity. It to succeed in most cases and 000 additions (ninety per cent of does, however, recognize such most areas. They believe too all additions) to India's Chris- dangers as neglect of personal that thus the danger of Westerntian population of all faiths, religion whenever church en- ization is reduced; greater aid came from group or "mass" trance is chiefly by groups; the given to the conversion of others movements. maintenance within the church than would be the case under of the old caste barriers, due to different methods; and even These mass movements are not the fact that each entering that the group conversion of new in India. But they have de- group is practically always from lower classes directly aids in veloped so rapidly during recent a certain caste; and a tendency work among the higher classes. years and are found so largely for the group to become satisfied among the depressed classes, or with church membership and The authors are optimistic re- "outcastes," that many people slow to respond to Christian nurhave questioned their value as a ture and the appeal for Chris- garding the strengthening of the factor in "Christianizing" India. tian service. Some five or six years ago the Indian church through· mass National Christian Council of The churches, and the mission India resolved to promote a care- forces as well, are charged with movements, but indicate clearly ful study of the mass movement, certain weaknesses on their and cogently certain requirewith a view to a clearer under- part: Underestimating their re- ments for greater achievements, standing of the requirements for sponsibilities for care and nur- such as ministering to temporal better quality of work done by ture of the converts, often pre- needs, while giving primacy to both churches and missions. The ferring to try to win new con- the spiritual aim; better leader- Institute of Social and Religious verts; too much use of Western ship; a more adequate program; Research furnished both finan- rather than indigenous methods far better supervision; a much cial aid and technical oversight. of church organization and larger measure of cooperation The director of the study, Dr. J. work; low standards of expec- among missions and churches; W. Pickett, is a seasoned mis- tation and demand for spiritual continued study of the many sionary, and was assisted sub- progress; and inefficient admin- problems that exist and that stantially by Bishop Azariah, istration. will continue to arise. There is one of the great Indian Christian abundant evidence in the book leaders, and by Dr. Warren H. But the study brings out that a policy of decided concen- Wilson, of long experience in clearly the inevitability of the tration of work is highly imporrural church studies in the mass movement if Christianity tant, although more emphasis United States. The results of is to make substantial headway might have been laid upon the this careful and objective study in India. The individual, espe- development both of local parare embodied in a book that can cially in the villages, is gov- ishes, and of Christian work be heartily commended for meth- erned, and gladly prefers to be areas or clusters of parishes, as od, style, and significance. governed, by the opinion and effective procedure for securing adequate concentration. The dangers involved in a mass movement into the church KENYON L. BUTTERFIELD.

Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

r 157] John R. Mott-World Citizen. By nized as a Christian statesman work in leading others to Christ. Basil Mathews. Illustrated. 8 vo. 469 pages. $3.00. Harper and and his influence is felt in busi- He gives his guiding principles Brothers. New York. 1934. ness, in Church and in State. He at this early age for building up Energetic and ambitious youth was offered an ambassadorship a strong spiritual life. They inof today are eager for leader- to China; he has had close ac- clude – eight hours sleep, daily ship, recognition, responsibility, quaintance with many of the exercise and bathing, orderlipower. They are impatient with rulers of Europe and the Amer- ness, vigorous university work, the "older statesmen," with their icas ; he has been called into good reading, business habits in consultation with business mag- correspondence and in keeping conservative views, and think nates and Church leaders and accounts; regular observance of that there is need for a change has headed up multitudes of the morning watch for Bible to correct the errors of the past. world-wide enterprises that have study, meditation and prayer; The record of the life and work changed the course of history. intelligent and systematic givof John R. Mott is especially val- To discover the influences that ing; soul winning. As to the uable as showing one path to molded his career, the path last experience he wrote to his which he took to leadership- mother: "The Christian work recognized leadership. It is not this alone makes a careful read- in the jail at Ithaca has brought an easy path to be taken by self- ing of his life story worth while. me nearer to God than anything confident and self-assertive else in this world. I shall always youth, who ignore the past and John Mott was born in the look back to it with feelings of think that any change will be home of a pioneer Christian joy, for it was there that I led better than the present order. farmer in Iowa, on May 25, 1865. my first soul to the Master." His mother was a woman of The Church and the State, at strong character, energy and All through this life record we least in America and England, ability, dominated by a spirit of find references to such men as have always been looking for loving service. John went away D. L. Moody from whom Mott young men who will become from home at sixteen, attending received spiritual help but quoleaders, not by virtue of their Fayette College where he came tations show clearly that his own desire for self-expression into contact with Christian strength and success were built and self-determination, but by virtue of their ability, consecra- teachers and learned to study, to on direct contacts with God by tion, vision and readiness to sac- think, and to debate. Later at the cultivation of his spiritual rifice self-interest for the sake of Cornell University, from which life, by personal work with service to others. he was graduated in 1888, he others and by a faithful use of John Mott was a young man came face to face with the prob- all his time and talents.

of only twenty-three when he lem of his life work. His board As a man John Mott has be- was called into leadership in and room cost him only $4.75 a come skilled in organization; as Christian work. Robert Speer week for he was obliged to econ- a leader of men and a master of was twenty-four when he be- omize in every way. Here he assemblies; he is a wizard in came secretary of the Presby- heard an address by the Cam- securing large gifts, not for him- terian Board of Foreign Mis- bridge cricketer, J. E. K. Studd, self but for Christian work in sions – with grey..;bearded col- of England, and this had a de- many lands. His speaking is leagues. Robert Wilder was ciding influence on his life. vigorous, intelligent and clear about the same age when he be- Three sentences from the Bible cut. Many Christians do not came one of the founders of the went straight tq the motive agree with him in some of his Student Volunteer Movement springs of his life: "Seekest thou projects and his methods, in his which has called 13,000 young great things for thyself? Seek emphases and in the wide extent people to foreign mission fields. them not. Seek first the King- of his cooperative efforts, but all The same road to influence, dom of God." Friends helped who read this biography will be power, and true leadership is Mott to surrender fully to Christ convinced of his Christian faith open to the youth of today. The as Lord – but it was not easy. and character and his devotion vision does not come through the At Cornell he learned parliamen- to the service of Christ. door of the modern drama and tary rules in the guidance of asmotion picture; the training is semblies; he gained experience Mr. Mathews has had access not found in trashy sex-novels, in organization in the Y. M. to Dr. Mott's letters and to a false philosophy and material- C. A.; he became a Student Vol- mass of notes and other files. unteer at Mount Hermon in After describing with interestism; the comrades are not those of the midnight dance and wine 1886, and raised his first large ing detail the development of the boy and young man, he pictures cup; the path is not the broad sum of money for a new Y. M. the extending horizons, his many and easy one of greed for gold C. A. building at Ithaca. world travels, his leadership of and self-indulgence. But more than all else the youth, his evangelistic work The road to constructive lead- foundations of Mott's spiritual among students, world-wide mis- ership followed by John R. Mott life were made strong and true sionary enterprises, in coopera- is open to all who will pay the through habitual daily prayer tive movements, war work, his price. He has become recog- and Bible study and by personal methods in the training of lead-

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

ers, and in the securing of large The Health and Turnovex: of Mission- ed and the unclassifiability of financial gifts. aries. By William G. Lennox. 216 pp. 75 cents. Foreign Missions Christ and Buddha is, in our Mr. Mathews has done a conscientious piece of work but Conference. New York. 1933. view, not adequately appraised. since this book was written in Dr. Motts' lifetime it w 0 u I d This unique study brings to- But the book is a fresh and inhave been much more satisfying as an autobiography. Since the gether a large body of health teresting setting forth of some author has only known the subject personally during very re- data with a view to guiding the of the great religious issues of cent years, he naturally does not try to express a judicial estimate health policies of board medical the present day contacts and, of the man's character and work; mistakes and failures are officers, examiners, administra- whether we like it or not, the innot recorded; there are some strange omissions in references tors, and medical missionaries. evitable conflict of Christianity to personal friends and helpers, to whom Mott would acknowl- The advisory committee, and the religious conception of edge his great debt. There is no mention whatever of the Inter- which initiated this study, con- Asia as it was and as it is be- Church World Movement and some of the many other enter- sisting of the medical officers of coming. R. E. S. prises in which he has had a part. There is no record here of four of the larger boards, was American S·eIf-Contained. By Samuel many interesting experiences Crowther. 340 pages. Doubleday and contacts. The lessons he fortunate in securing the serv- Doran, Garden City, New York. has learned in dealing with men 1933. and movements are not recorded, ices of Dr. Lennox, who has such and there is no summoning up Mr. Crowther's gospel is one of his convictions and his esti- unusual qualifications for this mate of what has made life most of economic, political, and social worth while. But the volume is purpose. He has had wide ex- nationalism. He is convinced a careful chronicle of rewarding that America is now able to take achievements, written by one perience with similar studies in who is deeply impressed by their care of all of her major needs number and importance and by China and Japan and is keenly and should undertake to do so. the bigness of the man. International trade, in the old interested in the problem. His The biography rewards a care- sense, he says, is gone -forever. ful study, particularly for the in- former and smaller publications He does not consider it even desight it gives into the foundations on which Mott built, the in this general field are also sirable, unless there be some virideals he kept before him and tue in giving manufactured the principles and methods that classics. guided him. We see that every- The objective in mind has goods a trip at sea. Autos can thing is planned to the minutest detail; nothing is left to chance; been successfully carried out and be made in China or Africa as for John Mott is notably a man well as in the United States. of large ideas and high ideals of a mass of useful information, exservice, a master of organiza- Before the World War, Amertion, a courageous but diplo- tending far back into the previ- ica was not in this supposedly matic leader and one whose purpose has consistently been to ous century, and from numerous enviable position. She still seek first the Kingdom of God. lacked the foundation for certain As the author says: agencies, and practically all mis- basically important industrial This book is not primarily an at- sion fields, has been assembled processes, but now all that is tempt to tell the life story or to paint changed. America can raise or the portrait of a man; but rather to and interpreted. The result is 11. look at the greatest and most splendid manufacture what she needs, of all world tasks through his eyes. book of great interest that will and she must be the chief con- In the perspective of his life devotion to that work, we ask whether earth serve as authoritative reference sumer of her own products. Mr. provides a nobler ambition for youth Crowther would, however, carry today than that of carrying a stage and valuable source material for his theory still further and defurther the campaigns of this spiritual world war, on whose issues all years to come. It should be in velop a political and social na- tionalism. He sees,· as the total our destinies depend. the possession of every mission result of nearly two decades of board in North America, and insistent meddling in the affairs of other nations, a United States should have as wide distribution with no friends among the na- as possible among all those who tions and some very bitter ene- mies. "Weare back from the have special responsibility for crusades," he says, "richer, per- the health program of mission- haps, in the experience, poorer certainly by upward of 20 bil- aries. E. M. DODD. lions." "Fortunately, we need no The Buddha and the Christ. Burnett friends; fortunately, we need Hillman Streeter. Pp. 336. $2.00. Macmillan, New York. fear no enemies." The book falls partly into the realm of inter- The background of immediate pretation and partly into that of contact in these lectures was a prophecy, but always the author stay of five months in India and Ceylon in 1913, a brief visit to is an advocate of a cause. He Japan and China in 1929 and the believes that our "salvation" lies autumn of 1931 in Japan, when along the path of nationalism, Canon Streeter was lecturing in and he is very eager to have us various Japanese universities. There is very little reference to walk in that path. the vast literature on Buddhism, save for a short bibliography at the end of the chapter on Evolv- ing Buddhism which makes no mention of Lloyd, Reischauer, Richard, Eitel or Monier Wil- liams. The issue between south- ern and northern Buddhism is perhaps not adequately estimat-

We cannot look with enthusi- Victorious Lives of Early Christians immortality, not so much in what man is or desires, not in asm upon this advocacy of a phi- lin Korea. By M. W. Noble. Illus. scientific or philosophical argu- 12 mo. 174 pp. Yen 2. Christian ments, but in God – His charlosophy which, only a few years Literature Society of Korea. Seoul. acter, sovereignty, and loving- 1933. purpose. He says: "Eternity ago, we thought we were out- ultimately resides in God alone, and accordingly it is much more growing. We have heard much This collection of autobiog- by thinking of God than by thinking of ourselves that the about the world becoming a raphies of some of the early assurance of our immortality is, likely to be born within us." neighborhood, and about the in- Protestant Christians of Korea The book covers a wide range, terlocking of national interests. was originally published in the including the various concep- tions of the future life that have Mr. Crowther's book, to some Korean language. Mrs. Noble, been held from the earliest times, in different lands and extent, represents the right- the compiler and translator, has among all classes of people from primitive to intellectual types. about-face, in public thinking, worked for more than forty Dr. Baillie holds that the Chris- tian belief in eternal life, which which has taken place, quite sud- years in Korea, and the early is described at length, is not a development from the animistic denly and very recently. It is Christians, whose life stories are belief in the continued existence of one's ghost after death, but is difficult to imagine the nations told here, were personally known "a clean break," a new begin- ning, although not without more of the world moving back into to her and became well known or less faint preparations and adumbrations. their separate compartments, leaders in the Methodist Episco- In so wide a field and in a subsufficient unto themselves. It pal Church. Being autobiogra- j ect regarding which there are many differences of opinion, will be even more difficult to de- phies they give most interesting- readers will challenge an occa- sional statement or position; but velop and· maintain a religious ly the Korean point of view and no one can question the ability and scholarship of the volume, and missionary international- background and are valuable tes- the clarity of the argument, the literary charm of the style, and ism, if the nationalistic philos- timonies to the saving and trans- the loyalty to evangelical truth that is everywhere evident. ophy dominates in other spheres forming power of the Gospel. ARTHUR J. BROWN. of life. JAY S. STOWELL. Bishop Welch in his introduction The Inadequacy of Evolution as a Robert E. Lee, the Christian. By says, "These vivid life sketches World View. By Chester K. Leh- William J. Johnstone. 8 vo. 301 pp. man. 8 vo. 255 pp. $1.25. Men- $2. Abingdon. New YQrk. 1933. should touch the heart and stir nonite Publishing House, Scotts- dale, Pa. 1933. Every available source of in- the zeal of Christians every- Professor Lehman is declared formatioh regarding Lee, includ- where." Dr. Ryang, Superin- by Dr. Leander S. Keyser to be a scholar whose standing is "in ing sixty books, magazines and tendent of the Korean Methodist the front rank." After studying evolution by the laboratory papers, have been drawn upon to Church adds, in view of present method he is convinced that the known facts are against the set forth the Christian faith and day criticism of Gospel preach- popular theory of evolution and character of one of the noblest in favor of the Bible record. His, men ever produced either by his ing by missionaries, "The ap- work is careful and scholarly, own State of Virginia or by the not hortatory or vituperative. It American nation. There is no pearance of this little book may is worthy of serious attention attempt at a biography or at a for it recognizes the value of study of Lee's life or character. be a timely production to illus- scientific research and at the There is simply the trustworthy same time acknowledges the autestimony of those who knew Lee trate what the Gospel of Jesus thority and truth of the Word in the different stages of his ca- of God. reer as to his Christian convic- Christ means to the people of the tion and his noble and beautiful manner of life as a true, humble, East." WALTER C. ERDMAN. loyal and faithful follower of His Master. "Who is that white And the Life Everlasting. By John haired gentleman who is going Baillie. 350 pp. $2.50 Scribners. about so constantly and per- New York. 1933. suasively inviting people to the service this morning?" asked a It is an interesting fact that, guest at the White Sulphur in this alleged materialistic age, Springs Hotel in Virginia one men are not only writing books summer Sunday morning when on immortality but publishers Dr. Broadus was to preach. are finding a public demand for "Oh," was the reply, "that is them. The present volume, by General Lee." "Won't you come the professor of theology in into the service," he would say, Union Theological Seminary, "Dr. Broadus is going to speak New York, contains the lectures to us." Few could resist the in- on the Ayer Foundation given in vitation from such gentle and be- the Colgate-Rochester Divinity loved lips. And this was what School. He expresses "the conhe was doing all his life-com- viction that a large part of the mending Christ to men. current discussion of the prob- lem of eternal life proceeds on ROBERT E. SPEER. entirely iwrong lines," and he has "tried to be of service in the none too easy task of cutting through the tangle of conflicting opinions, ancient and modern, with which every phase of the subject is surrounded." He has succeeded in doing this, and finds the real ground of faith in

If you use Facts and Mysteries of the Christian game rooms, bank, tailor shop

Faith. Albertus Pieters. 213 pp. office and meeting hall. There are PRINTING $1.25. Eerdmans. Grand Rapids. similar institutes in other seaports but the New York Institute has made Y OU will profit from an ac- God at Work. Wm. Adams Brown. its influence felt around the world. quaintanceship with us. We $2.50. 300 pp. Scribners. New do the job complete in our own York. *** plant, whether it be large or small. God and the World. J. T. Mawson. Rev. William Shedd Nelson, D.D., 18. Pickering & Inglis. London. for forty-five years a missionary of While our specialty is Books, the Presbyterian Church in Syria, Maga.tines and Pamphlets, yet The Hand on the Bridle. K. M. Mac- died on January 24, and was buried we have a variety of modem Leod. 256 pp. 28. Pickering & at Tripoli. Dr. Nelson was born in equipment to meet all the re- Inglis. London. St. Louis, Missouri, January 25, 1860. quirements of your particular His father, the Reverend Henry A. job. You will find our service The Home of the Aylmers. Marjorie Nelson, was for many years editor of prompt, careful and courteous. Douglas. 320 pp. 28. 6d. Picker- the Church magazine, The Church at ing & Inglis. London. Home and Abroad. William Nelson Will you allow us to estimate was graduated from Amherst College on your next printing? We be- Japanese Women Speak. Mishi Ka- in 1881 and from Lane Theological lieve you will be delighted with wai. 200 pp. 50 cents, paper; $1., Seminary in 1888. In the same year our product, price and service. cloth. Central Committee on the he sailed under appointment as a mis- United Study of Foreign Missions. sionary to Syria. His dominant in- The EVANGELICAL PRESS Cambridge, Mass. terest was Evangelism and his in- fluence reached throughout the whole Printe… of Mixed Pasture. Evelyn Underhill. Syria field. In 1904 a Boys' Boarding The Missionary Review of the WOTId 233 pp. $2. Longman's Green. School was established in Tripoli and New York. Dr. Nelson was assigned to its man- PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE agement. In 1914, Dr. Nelson was third end Reily Slreets Harrisburg, Po. Pioneers of· the Kingdom. Part II. requested by the American Govern- Phyilis L. Garlick. 150 pp. 28. 6d. ment to take care of its consular work. New Books Highway Press. London. During the war this involved the care of a dozen other consular of- The Abyssinian at Home. C. H. The Sound of Trumpets. Arthur J. fices. In 1917, the Turks took posses- Walker. 220 pp. $3. Macmillan. Moore. 78 pp. Methodist Epis- sion of the Mission premises in Homs New York. copal Church, South. Nashville. and ultimately arrested Dr. Nelson and removed him first to Adana and Karl Barth and Christian Unity. C. T. Studd, Cricketer and Pioneer. then to Constantinople where he was Adolf Keller. 316 pp. $2.75. Mac- Norman P. Grubb. 256 pp. 38. 6d. kept as a prisoner until October 18, millan. New York. Religious Tract Society. London. 1918, when he was at last released by order of the Grand Vizier, never Crucifying Christ in Our Colleges. They Went Forth. John McNab. 210 having been brought to trial. In Jan- Dan Gilbert. 260 pp. $1.75. Alex. pp. $1., paper; $1.50, cloth. Mc- uary, 1919, Dr. Nelson resumed his Dulfer Printing Co. San Fran- Clelland & Stewart. Toronto. missionary work, taking up work also cisco. under the American Red Cross, until Women: of the Old Testament and his next furlough. In all his relation- The Christian Message for the World Women of the New Testament. ships, both in Syria and at home, Dr. Today.-A Joint Statement of the Abraham Kuyper. 2 Volumes. $1., Nelson enjoyed the implicit trust of World-Wide Mission of the Church. cloth and 60 cents paper, each. all with whom he was associated. He Various Authors. 202 pp. $1.50. Zondervan Publishing House. Grand was characterized by sound judgment, Round Table Press. New York. Rapids. deep and unswerving conviction, ac- companied by kindly Christian toler- Career and Significance of Jesus. Chinese Destinies-Sketches of Pres- ance, by indefatigable and unwearied Walter Bell Denny. 466 pp. $1.60. ent Day China. Agnes Smedley. energy of his work; by steadfastness Nelson & Sons. New York. 315 pp. $3. Vanguard Press. New and sincerity; by all the qualities of York. a rich and noble Christian character. Day's Worship. Chas. B. Foelsch. 385 pp. 75 cents. United Lutheran Christianity in a Changing India- *** Publishing House. Philadelphia. An Introduction to the Study of Missions. Clifford Manshardt. 248 The Dalai Lama of Tibet, supreme The Divine Programme in Human pp. Rs. 2 and Rs. 3. Y. M. C. A. temporal and religious ruler of the History. F. John Scroggie. 206 pp. Pub. House. Calcutta. Tibetans, died December 17, at the 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- age of 60. This event is of significant don. Ibn Sa'ud-The Puritan King of Ara- importance in both the political and bia. Kenneth Williams. 299 pp. religious world. Throughout Buddhist Deep Snow-An Indian Story. C. 88. 6d. Jonathan Cape. Asia, he was regarded as the reincar- Kuipers. 152 pp. $1.00, cloth; 60 nation of Buddha. cents, paper. Zandervan Publish- ·Modern Industry and the African. J. ing House. Grand Rapids. Merle Davis. Maps. 448 pp. Mac- Sunday School millan. Excavating Kiyath-Sephers' Ten Cit- Supplies ies. Melvin Grove Kyle. 203 pp. South American Memories of Thirty $2.50. Eerdmans. Grand Rapids. Years. E. F. Every. Illus. 210 pp. SounD. s/,,;ilul/l 78. 6d. S. P. C. K. London. ~iJns oI'l!Je Famous Friends of God. Mott R. IM~OO~reS~(161~1 -I/unr~olrlInknounmMiIIlll/IiHIl~s Sawyers. 190 pp. $1.50. Revell. Obituary Notes New York. Dr. Archibald R. Mansfield, for thirty-eight years superintendent of the Seaman's Church Institute for New York, died of a heart attack on February 11th at the age of sixty- four. Dr. Mansfield won world-wide renown through his work in behalf of seafaring men. The work is housed in a thirteen-story building which provided employment bureau, dormitories, restaurant, gymnasium, swimming pool, reading room, library,

Boys and

NEED Christian Leadership and Training A LARGE percentage of the varied leadership in our national life has always come from the country. The sturdy qualities of character which life in the open spaces on the farm and amid the rigorous duties of rural life seem to build in the characters of country-bred men and women, are not so frequently the product of the metropolitan atmosphere and environment. Countless leaders in the educational, business, and religious world today had their start in life in the country.

H OW important that country boys and girls have properly supervised Christian teaching and training! The future of the nation depends on the foundations of character that are today being laid in the lives of our youth. No other real foundation material for character building exists, save that which the Bible reveals. Boys and girls must know the Bible and its teachings if they are to have any true perspective of life and its responsibilities. Without Bible truth as a dominating factor in human convictions, there is nothing but chaos ahead for the world!

O UR missionaries are trained in Bible truth. They believe it is a revelation of God's plan and purpose in human life. They are convinced that every individual needs Jesus Christ as a personal Saviour. In other words, they believe in and preach His Gospel.

"IF They also live it. They are men of faith. WE had had a Sunday School here this would never have happened," was the cry that greeted one of our missionaries in Kentucky, when he visited the prisoners arrested after a mother had been slain by her son in the name of religion. Today we have a Sunday School in Tomahawk, Kentucky, where this tragedy occurred. The enrolment is over the one hundred mark and the interest is growing. Missionary work of a similar sort Ais being done in forty-four states of the union. The need is tremendous. RETIRED foreign missionary of one of the leading denominations who had served for thirty-five years in India, recently visited some of our fields in our Middle Atlantic District. During a later visit to our national office, he stated it as his opinion that no finer and more consecrated Christian work is being done in the land, than that which is being carried on under the direction of the American Sunday School Union. The opinions and criticisms of such an observer would have been highly valued, even though they had not been favorable.

We are greatly limited, not by lack of zeal or because God's power is depleted. We need financial assistance in maintaining our forces on the front lines of our work in every part of the land.

W ILL you help? With your check or money order, ask for a copy of our field maga- zine, "The Sunday School Missionary." It will be sent to you for one year following your subscription date. Your gift will be credited to the work in your state. Address- The Department of Missions THE AMERICAN SUNDAY SCHOOL UNION 1816 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1934

1934

The Red Man Speaks Coe Hayne The South American Crisis John A. Mackay Egypt—What Price Progress Charles R. Watson Preaching and Practicing in Africa Mrs. John M. Springer Buddhist Priest to Christian Witness Albertus A. Pieters An Experiment in Christian Friendliness Mrs. Edwin H. Kinney

to Remember Ceylon, died December 18, at his home If you

in West Medway, Mass., in his 80th January Z3-February 17-Annual Cor- year. PRINTING nell School for Missionaries, Cor- nell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Professor Hitchcock first went to YOU will profit from an ac- Ceylon in 1880 as a tutor at J affna quaintanceship with us. We February 4-8-Founder's Week Con- College, Vaddukoddai, was later given do the job complete in our own ference, Moody Bible Institute, Chi- life appointment under the Board, plant, whether it be large or cago, Ill. and placed on the retired Roll of Hon- small. or in 1925. He is survived by his wife February 7-17-International Council and three sons. While our specialty is Books, of Religious Education. Chicago, Maga:dnes and Pamphlets, yet Ill. * … .. we have a variety of modern equipment to meet all the re- February 8, 3 p. m.-Annual meeting Mrs. Adaline S. Ashe, a Presbyte- quirements of your particular of the MISSlONARY REVIEW OF THE rian missionary in Chosen since 1922, job. You will find our service WORLD, 156 Fifth Ave., New York. died in Butler, Pa., Dec. 13. She had prompt, careful and courteous. returned to this country last May on February 16-World Day of Prayer. health furlough. In 1922 Mrs. Ashe Will you allow us to estimate became matron in the school for for- on your next printing ? We be- February ZO-ZI-Committee of Refer- eign children at Pyengyang. She al- lieve you will be delighted with ence and Counsel, Foreign Missions so taught music to Korean women in our product, price and service. Conference. New York. a large class and in the mission's Bi- ble Institute at Pyengyang. The EVANGELICAL PRESS March 8-IO-Medical Missions Con- ference under the auspices of the * … … Printer. of Medical Committee of the Commit- The Mi..ionary Review of the W ….ld tee of Reference and Counsel. New The Rt. Rev. Joseph Lofthouse, a York. pioneer missionary of Northern Can- PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE ada and former Bishop of Keewatin, Third end Reily Str.ets Harrisburg, P•• April 3-5 – Federal C 0 u n c i I of died December 15th at his home in Churches, Department of Evan- South Devon on his 78th birthday. Campbell of Germantown, and they gelism. Columbus, Ohio. sailed for India that same year. In 1900 Bishop Lofthouse traveled April Z6-May 7-General Conference, 7,000 miles, including 5,000 by canoe Dr. Orbison's first station was at Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and snowshoes, when he went on the Lahore, where he became a professor Jackson, Miss. expedition sent by the Canadian Gov- in Forman Christian College, of which ernment to survey the country be- later he became vice-principal. For FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSIONARY tween the Great Slave Lake and Bak- several years he was president of the AsSEMBLIES er Lake. Born in Yorkshire, he went Lahore Y. M. C. A. to Canada in 1882 and was sent to January Z8-31-Palm Beaches. Moosonee, the following year. He re- … * … February l-Z-Bradenton. tired in 1920 and returned to Eng- February l-Z-Ft. Myers. land. Bishop Lofthouse wrote "A Dr. T. L. Scott, for sixty years a February 3-9-St. Petersburg. Thousand Miles from a Postoffice." missionary of the United Presbyte- February 4-6-Clearwater. rian Church in India, died in Gujran- February 7-11-Tampa. … … … wala on January 4 at the age of February 11-13-Gainsville. eighty-seven. He was a versatile mis- February 13-15-Jacksonville. The Rev. Dr. Leander Whitcomb sionary, having served as a senior Munhall, noted Methodist evangelist, professor in the Theological Seminary, Obituary Notes died in Philadelphia on January 7 superintendent of buildings, publish- at the age of ninety-one. He was ing a Commentary in Urdu on the The Rev. Franklin F. Fry, D.O•• born in Zanesville, Ohio, served Old Testament, and at the age of throughout the Civil War with the eighty-seven being in charge of a Executive Secretary of the Board of Federal Army, and began evangelistic school for boys. American Missions of the United work in the Methodist Episcopal Lutheran Church, died suddenly of Church in 1874. For half a century Ten Ways to Fill Mission Boxes heart attack in New York City on De- he preached in all parts of North cember 13th. Dr. Fry was born in America and was intimately asso- 1. Self-denial-offering part of in- Carlisle, Pa., on. November 1, 1864, ciated with the late Dwight L. Moody come or earnings; price of enand was graduated from Muhlenberg and other evangelists. tertainment or other luxury; College and the Lutheran Seminary, saving carfare or auto ride. Philadelphia. After occupying pas- … … … 2. Selling missionary books or magatorates in Bethlehem and Rochester, Samuel R. Boggs, former President zines. he became Secretary of the Mission of the Gideons of North America, a Board in 1927. He was a delegate to member of the Boards of the Africa 3. Selling household necessities-can the Lutheran World Congress in Ger- Inland Mission, the New Guinea Evan- openers, waxed paper, vanilla, many in 1923 and was an effective gelization Society and of the Eastern brushes, kitchen utensils. worker in home mission circles-in- State Penitentiary Board of Trustees, cluding the Executive Committee of died suddenly of heart failure at his 4. Baked goods sales. the Home Missions Council. home in Melrose Park, Pa., on Jan- 5. Getting orders for Easter plants uary 4. Mr. Boggs was born in Phil- … * … adelphia in 1872 and was president of or flowers. (Many florists pay the Model Mills (Carpet) Co., but de- commissions. ) BiShop Apolo Kivebulaya, mission- voted much of his time to Christian 6. Cutting lawns, gardening. work with prisoners, young people 7. Cleaning brass and silver. ary to the pigmy race of Africa's 8. Caring for children while parents and business me…n. … … are busy. forests, a successor of Bishop Crow- 9. Errand service, marketing. ther, died on May 30. The courage of The Rev. John Harris Orbison, 10. Free-will offerings. M.D., for nearly half a century a misthe early martyrs in the days of sionary under the Presbyterian Board Alexander Mackay led him to become of Foreign Missions, died suddenly on Jan. 4 at Hoshiarpur, India. He was a Christian, and he became known born seventy-four years ago of misthroughout Uganda as a saintly sionary parents at Rawalpindi, India, attended schools in the United States, leader. … * … was graduated from Princeton in 1879, and from the Medical College William E. Hitchcock, for 40 years of the University of Pennsylvania in under the American Board of Com- 1886. He married Miss Lillie E. missioners for Foreign Missions in

MISSIONARY "Concerning the January issue of If the

REVIEW OF THE WORLD the REVIEW. The articles are so help- calls you East DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor of Suez … sail ful and interesting that I think I shall VOL. LVII FEB., 1934 No.2 subscribe for a copy to be sent to my Publication and Business Office home regularly as well as the one we Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. receive here at the office. The article Editorial and Executive Office by Miss Picken is stirring and very 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City gratifying." REV. A. C. SNEAD, Entered as second-class matter at Foreign Secretary, Christian and Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act Missionary Alliance, New York. of March 3, 1879. "I will not renew my subscription. 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. …… I am tired of the way you put in modernists…… I do not care to Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. read anything by……or…… Clear out of Sodom and Gomorrah!" Published monthly, except August. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. C. C. S.

MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- North Carolina. LISHING CO., INC. "I allowed my subscription to ex- BOARD OF DIRECTORS pire but, having been a subscriber for 41 years, I am lost without it. I en- ROBERT E. SPEER, President close check for subscription and would WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President like to have it retroactive to the time WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer my subscription expired." DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT REV. A. C. DOUGLAS, MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHARD United Presbyterian Church, ERIC M. NORTH San Francisco, Calif. MILTON T. STAUFFER A. L. W ARNSHUIS "For some time I have been wish- THE ROUTE PREFERRED SAMUEL M. ZWEMER ing to drop you a line in regard to SINCE 18401 Editorial Chat what I consider the greatest mission- Cross Cunard to England. The missionary outlook is, we be- and embark at London in a great lieve, more encouraging than the ary magazine published – THE MIS- ship of this Line that traditionfinancial. The Foreign Missions Con- ally and for nearly a century has ference, the Home Missions Council SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD ….. . carried the vanguard of the and the Mission Boards are being Church eastward to all the lands stirred up anew to more prayer, to Single articles in the December and beyond Suez. P & 0 Liners, of greater sacrifice, to increased em- January numbers are well worth the transatlantic size and comfort, phasis on evangelism and to the need stand for the Progress ofthe West for educating the Church and the subscription price for the year. Had in scores of tropic ports and teemyouth on Christian faith and life. ing harhours of the Indian Ocean Read the "Topics of the Times" on I the money I would put the magazine and the Pacific. Natives measure the recent forward looking confer- time by their swift and sure ences. in the hands of every pastor in our arrival. Low rates and new, fast, church and every missionary on the luxurious ships make the voya ge *** an exceptional value. field." FREDERICK G. COAN, The Florida Chain of Missionary Assemblies has begun with greater Formerly of Persia. prospects of success in arousing new interest in the work of God through- Personal Items Regular sailings from London, out the world. A new series of United Gibraltar and Marseilles to India, Foreign Missionary meetings is to be Dr. E. S·tanley Jones, who has been Ceylon, Burma, Straits Settlestarted this spring with a strong in America since last February, ments, China, Japan, Australia, group of speakers. Home mission speaking and holding Round Table New Zealand, Egypt, Sudan, groups are considering a similar move. United Missionary Conferences in Persian Gulf, East and South Plans are under way to conduct a many cities from the Atlantic to the Africa, etc. more systematic campaign for the Pacific, is returning to India on education of the Church and the ris- March 1, by way of England, Hol- Complete information from ing generation. land, Scandinavia, Russia and Tur- You, Local Agent or key. *** ~UNARD~LINE *** All this points to the need for a GENERAL AGENTSNew York wider circulation for THE REVIEW. Dr. Adolph Keller of Geneva, 25 Broadway It is evangelical, and evangelistic in Switzerland, Director of the Central its emphasis and convictions; it is Bureau for the Relief of Evangelical world-wide in its outlook, interdenom- Churches of Europe, has recently deinational in spirit but stands true to livered the Stone Lectures at Princefaith in Christ as the only Saviour ton Theological Seminary, and has and the Bible as God's revealed and conferred with many leaders to ininfallible word. terpret developments in European Protestantism. Will you help spread the knowledge of human need for the Divine Saviour *** and the news of God's work in the world today? Here are quotations Ethan T. Colton, formerly Foreign from letters to show what some of Department Secretary of the Internaour readers think. Not all are of one tional Committee of the Y. M. C. A., mind. has made a personal study of condi- tions in Europe. He is now giving lectures in various cities on outstand- ing world problems, with such topics a~"Where Is Germany Going-and Why?" "Is the Soviet Union Heading for War or Peace?" "Why There Is No God in the Communist's World."

(Concluded on Third Cover.) [65 ]

A MOSLEM PILGRIM'S RECORD OF HIS MERIT-MAKING TRIP TO

H!s wall is decorated with drawings of his home town mosque, Mecca Mosque, quotations from the Koran; boats, dogs, geese, camel and other objects met on the pilgrimage.

EGYPTIAN STUDENTS AT THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY AT CAIRO Here the students learn other ways of making merit and of using science to make their lives count for service.

MOSLEM RELIGION AND MODERN SCIENCE IN EGYPT (See page 71)

NARY

REVIB 'ORLD VOLUME LVII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER Two FEBRUARY, 1934 Topics of the Times A FORWARD LOOKING CONFERENCE Communism, Fascism and the ethnic faiths in the In spite of reduced incomes, increasing deficits light of Christianity. It is of great importance to and large cuts in budgets, the annual Foreign Christian missions that correct jUdgments shall Missions Conference at Garden City (January be formed. The Laymen's Commission Report 3-5) was forward looking, upward looking and has divided the Church. The need today is for a full of encouragement. It was marked by the forward movement based on living faith in Christ union of the Federation of Woman's Boards of and on sacrificial service. People today are deeply Foreign Missions with the Foreign Missions Con- interested in the putting of Christ's teaching into ference to form one body, after over thirty years practice by the realization of Christian ideals of of separate activity. The conference was pre- peace, right race relationships, social justice and sided over by Dr. Wm. 1. Chamberlain, Secretary economic improvement.

of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed The conference-which represents the leading Church in America. The president elected for the foreign mission agencies of the United States and coming year is Mrs. Thomas Nicholson, President Canada-revealed its sympathy with efforts to of the Woman's Board of Foreign Missions of the reduce overlapping to a minimum on the mission Methodist Episcopal Church. fields; to unite the institutions serving the same Some of the important topics that received the territory in the same field; to allow missionaries chief attention at the conference were: to concentrate on the tasks for which they are best fitted; to send out the best equipped mis- (1) How to promote more effective cooperation sionaries possible; and to cut down to the miniat home and abroad; (2) how to bring expendi- mum overhead expense at home. The need of the tures within a constantly decreasing income; hour is to bend all our united energies to making (3) and how to plan the work for the next five effective the redemptive work of Christ. Men years so as to make it more effective on a cur- everywhere are looking to see if there is power in tailed budget.

Dr. E. Stanley Jones gave the opening address Christianity to save individuals and to save soon January 3 (his 50th birthday), speaking on ciety. Jesus Christ has the power to solve our "The Present Attitude in America Toward For- problems, to purify society and to establish peace eign Missions." As a result of his recent mis- and justice on earth.

sionary tour in forty cities and his round table The outstanding paper of the conference was conferences with church leaders he reported that by Dr. Charles R. Watson, President of the Amerwhile he had come back to America expecting to ican University in Cairo, on "New World Condi- face discouragement, he returns to India greatly tions, a Challenge to Changes in Missionary Poliencouraged at the evidence of vitality in the cies." A digest of this paper will appear in a Church and the deep interest in the foreign mis- later- issue. Dr. Watson pointed out the necessity sionary movement. Five years ago the principal for recasting the missionary program for the next topic of discussion in religious circles was "Fun- five years in view of the present diminished indamentalism vs. Modernism." Now the battle comes. He advised that boards, missions and seems to have moved on from a theological or national Christians cooperate in finding a soludoctrinal basis to consider the nature and value of tion by united study and united action. Increas- [ 67]

ing nationalism has brought many difficulties and (4) To assist in providing institutions and service for curtailment of religious liberty. Our missionary the handicapped and under-privileged. . . . methods must be made more spiritual and added responsibility must be put on the younger (5) To bring the Christian impulse to bear upon the churches. The youth of today call for practical social and civic questions of the ·day. evidence of truth. They must be invited to share in shaping future policies and in the responsibili- The first period of home mission achievement, ties of leadership. Jesus Christ must have first as described by Dr. A. W. Beaven, was chiefly place in our life at home and on the mission field. concerned with pioneer work, giving the Gospel Not only is the future of foreign missions at stake of Christ to new settlements and unevangelized but the future of our whole Christian program. areas. The second period was largely devoted to The price of progress is faith in the work and the building and strengthening of churches, power of Jesus Christ, shown by sacrificial serv~ schools and other Christian institutions. The ice in following Him to the uttermost. period now before us should emphasize the mak- ing of Christian life more effective in personal, The conference favored the suggestion that economic and civic affairs and to bring about united conferences of board, mission and church larger cooperation in our common tasks as disrepresentatives be called on various fields-such ciples of Christ. as the Congo, Japan, the Philippines and various districts of China and India-to settle missionary "Home Missions Today and Tomorrow" repays policies for those fields. The first step was taken study and reveals the diversified character, the in planning for such a conference in the Belgian magnitude and the importance of home missions. Congo in June with Dr. John R. Mott and such The progress made is encouraging; while the ter- Board representatives as can be present. ritory yet to be possessed is not so large as for- merly, the problems to be solved are immense and The present difficult situation may lead to bless~ challenging. Thousands of American Indians ing if we learn to go· forward under the leader- are still unevangelized, many mountainous, rural ship of Christ, using our resources of men and and urban districts are still under-privileged, and money, of mind and heart and spirit, to bring the many phases of American life show little eviliving Christ and His Gospel to all men. dence of the impress of Christian principles and the power of the living, reigning Christ. One of the most fruitful features of the con~ ference was the daily devotional period by Dr. The work of home missions is far from com- Richard Roberts of Toronto. "We do not need a pleted. As was remarked by one speaker, "The new philosophy of foreign missions," he declared, problems are difficult but allY difficult situation "but we need a new obedience to the old impera~ may be used as an excuse for quitting or may be tive of Jesus Christ. . . . The Church must be looked upon asa challenge to undertake it couthe continued incarnation of Christ." rageously and to go forward to victory in the name and power of the living Christ." THE NEXT STEPS IN HOME MISSIONS The Committee on Review and Forecast pre- The twenty-sixth annual meeting of the Home sented the following suggestions for an advance in Missions Council and the Council of Women for program: Home Missions was chiefly occupied with the report of the Committee on Review and Forecast 1. To make a determined effort to complete the occuthat presented its findings in a volume entitled pancy of the home missiQn field. "Home Missions Today and Tomorrow." This report, unlike the Laymen's Inquiry, does not seek 2. To face conscientiously the problem of eliminating to recast the theological basis or to revise the chief duplication and competition in Christian work. aim of the home mission task but studies the achievements of the past hundred years and sug~ 3. To take steps to increase interdenominational coopgests the next steps to be taken. eration so as to complete the home mission task more speedily and effectively. The main objectives on home missions is stated to be: 4. To make new surveys of the field and to follow up those already made so as to bring the facts to light, to (1) To win men and women to Christ, tQ unite them meet the needs of each field, and to recognize the changed with other disciples in the fellowship of the Christian conditions that require new methods. Church and to educate them for worship and for service at home and abroad. . . . 5. To make the home mission administration more effec- tive, the quality of the personnel more adequate for new (2) To make the Church and its ministry available tQ tasks, and the spiritual standards of work higher. those sections of America which lack its ministry. 6. To bring the church of today and the youth, who will (3) TQ supply adequate Church leadership. . . . be the leaders of tomorrow, to recognize the challenge of the task and to enlist in the work more enthusiastically and sacrificially.

Joint committees of the two Councils will take up the responsibility of a further study of these projects so as to carry them forward to comple- tion.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF CHURCH Twenty-five years ago the Protestant churches could not COOPERATION have used unitedly a great new force like radio. Today, a nation-wide network of stations broadcasts every week, The Federal Council of Churches of Christ in from coast to coast, eleven programs sponsored by the Fed- America celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary eral Council. in Washington, D. C., on December 6th and 7th when President Roosevelt delivered an address Twenty-five years ago there was no way of expressing on the social idealism of early Christianity, which the collective Christian conscience on social problems. challenged the pagan ethics of Greece and Rome. Today the statement of "Social Ideals," as revised and He declared that the time has come to "challenge expanded last year, constitutes the most widely recognized the pagan ethics that are represented in many platform of Christian social effort, and the Council is recphases of our boasted modern civilization." He ognized as one of the forces working for social justice and pointed out the dominance of "greed" in our eco- international peace. nomic life and the resurgence of lynch law and other evils. He declared that "the churches are Before the formation of the Federal Council there was the greatest influence in this world to overcome no general organization for rallying church influence the present tendency toward greed." against racial prejudice or in behalf of mutual under- standing., Today the Federal Council is engaged in a The Rev. Albert W. Beaven, D.D., President of campaign against lynching, a campaign which recent the Federal Council, gave his views as to the sig- events show to be necessary; unjust racial discrimination nificance of the Council for the religious life of in our economic and civic life. America and the world, showing how through the Federal Council great values of unity are being It is impossible even to list all the other achievements increasingly secured without the sacrifice of right- brought about by church cooperation through the Federal ful freedom. The moral and spiritual needs which Council, but they have been important and far-reaching. the Church must meet today include the menace It offers an agency through which we can achieve things of competitive armaments and the exploitation of which no one communion would attempt alone, and it great numbers of the people for private gain. Dr. makes for a clear and unified message. Beaven declared that the nation needs "a free and courageous pulpit and an unfettered Church, that At this anniversary the discussions of contem- porary problems were built around the following it may have the advantage of such insights as may seven questions, which are related to both the be given to those who ask counsel of Almighty spiritual and the economic or social problems: God and seek to bring into human relations those enduring principles which are revealed in Jesus 1. What is required for a spiritual advance in the Christ." Moral and spiritual values are the foun- relation of the churches to world peace? dation of society. All too easily men have fallen down to worship the gods of gold, to admit that 2. What can we learn from the struggle for spiritonly in profit can we find such forces as will enable ual freedom in German Protestantism? us to make our machinery operate. Now in a dazed fashion we have awaked to find that the 3. What is required for a spiritual advance in the very temples of our selfishness come crashing relation of the churches to the liquor probabout our heads. We are discovering that it is lem? morally and economically true that righteousness exalteth a nation, and that sin is a reproach to any 4. What is required for a spiritual advance in the people. As Dr. Beaven pointed out- relation of the churches to the economic crisis?

During the past twenty-five years tremendous strides 5. What is required for a spiritual advance in the have been made in eliminating weaknesses, in achieving in- relation of the churches to the race problem? fluence, and in directing the combined force of Protestantism toward wholesome ends. Twenty-five years ago denom- 6. What is required for a spiritual advance in the inations rarely conferred with each other; the Federal relation of the churches to labor? Council includes twenty-five denominations of North America and there are federations of churches in nearly 7. Why is fuller cooperation essential to spiritual fifty major cities, and councils of churches in seventeen advance? states. The Hon. Henry A. Wallace, Secretary of Agri- Twenty-five years ago there was no world-wide organi- culture, gave a most impressive address on zation of Protestantism binding the churches of different "Statesmanship and Religion," pleading for nations together; today, as a result of the work of the "changed hearts" as the only ultimate cure of our Federal Council and the World Alliance for International economic situation. Ministers and teachers must Friendship, cooperating with the Christian forces of eagerly seek to make unselfish hearts eager and Europe. The new spirit of international cooperation willing to serve the common good, while others in among the churches culminated in the formation of the public life develop the changed social machinery Universal Christian Council, a world federation of the to match the changed hearts. Protestant churches. The Federal Council of Churches represents the cooperative efforts of twenty-two of the great Christian Communions in North America, with a membership of twenty-two million people. Its purpose is "to express the fellowship and unity of the Christian Church and to unite Christians for the service of Christ and the world." With so many different elements and varied leaders, it is natural that many of the activities and utterances

of the Federal Council are criticized, some justly, pIe, who have always been taught that the Bible but in the past twenty-five years it has accom- was a closed book to all but the priesthood of the plished much in bringing Christian forces to- Roman Church. The plain Cross sets forth the gether to solve some of the problems of the day in Christ of the Cross; the word "Gospel" is not a America. Faith in Christ as the only Lord and current word of the Roman Church and "Believe" Saviour, and loyalty to the Bible as the message is a strong contrast to the doctrine of salvation of God to men should unite and not divide the by "works" as taught by the Church of Rome. Christian Church for fellowship and for service. An official message has also gone out to the EVANGELICAL PROGRESS IN ITALY Regi Proveditori agli Studi, the highest govern- Two strong forces, yes three or more, strive to mental educational authorities of every province, mold the future of the Italian nation. The present which is in strong contrast to the attitude of the Pope is an aggressive, missionary-minded leader Turks and the Russians on religious education. who seeks not only to strengthen the papacy in This message quoted in Beyond Alpine Snows Italy but to extend its control abroad. He has al- reads, in part: ready laid plans for the domination of the Belgian Congo and other districts in Africa. Nonreligious "All teachers and schoolmasters should read the New materialism is also spreading in Italy as in other Testament and should explain this divine Book to the chilparts of Europe. A third force to be reckoned dren and see that they learn its beautiful passages by with is the small but influential Evangelical heart. The Book must not be missing from any school Church. Mussolini and the Fascist Government library for it is ever new through all the centuries. It is are working to build up a strong political State the greatest of all books, the most necessary book because and the Government has recently taken some ex- it is divine. traordinary steps that should advance Evangelical Christianity. "The National Government desires to reconduct the chil- To celebrate the tenth anniversary of the Fas- dren, and, by means of the children, the soul of the Italian cist Government, Signor Mussolini has issued a people, by this Book, to the finding of the safe way which series of new postage stamps. Among them, the will lead the fatherland to the most sublime and the truest thirty centesimi stamp is of very special interest, greatness."

and has caused much comment and strong opposi- That is magnificent. . . . When we know the powerful tion from the Vatican, expressed in most violent forces which are at work in Italy, under the stern, insistterms in the L'Osservatore Romano. ent, and precise orders of Rome, for the suppression of the Word of God, such a circular as that is a proclamation This stamp sets forth the open Bible standing which shows fine courage and splendid resolution on the on a lectern with the wings of an eagle, the sym- part of Signor Mussolini. bol of inspiration. On the open page of the Book is inscribed the word "Evangelium," which means "These are days of wonderful opportunity," "Gospel." Below is the word, "Credere"-Be- says the editor of the Spezia Mission paper. "We lieve-and behind the open Bible is the Cross, not are working in the midst of the Fascist Revoluthe crucifix. tion it is true, but on every side doors are open wide before us. The people are realizing more Before the Bible and the Cross, the flags of than ever the full meaning of the law of religious Italy, and the emblem of the Fascist regime, are liberty. There is a greater eagerness to read the reverently lowered in salute. The circulation of Word of God, in spite of the efforts of the Church this stamp will preach a great sermon to the peo- of Rome to prevent it. Young men and women seeking help and satisfaction are crowding our halls in such a way as to tax our accommodation to the utmost."

Prof. Doride Bosio of Rome also writes in Life and Work that the Italian Parliament has passed a law regarding "religious communities per- mitted in the State" which allows freedom in the discussion of religious matters, grants autonomy to "all religions which are not contrary to good order and morals," sanctions the opening of all places of worship and recognizes clergy of all permitted faiths as legally entitled to celebrate religious marriages which are recognized and reg- istered by the State.

Prof. Bosio concludes: "Italy's Protestants are a powerful advance guard of Protestantism which has been posted in one of the most difficult positions. They rely on the sympathy and love of all the Protestants in the world."

Egypt-What Price Progress?

By the REV. CHARLES R. WATSON, D.D.

President of the American University at Cairo, Egypt T HE shortest way to reach Egypt from Amer- high standards of morality and even vital concep- ica is to take the steamer which holds the tions of religion. It is the feeling that if only the record for trans-Atlantic speed, and in seven human race could hold its gains, would not slip days you will be in Naples. In three days more back, how much further we might have advanced.

you reach Alexandria and then two and a half But we cannot dwell upon the richness of our hours later you are at Cairo, the capital of Egypt, archeological treasures, for I am carrying you to a city of a million and a quarter. Egypt, neither for the sake of its climate nor for In normal years some fifteen thousand Amer- the sake of its historical significance, but because ican tourists visit that part of the world. Some it is a strategic centre of a great world. I mean come to enjoy our wonderful the Moslem world. Here in climate. In February and Egypt we are at the intellectual March when North American Egypt is still experiencing centre of that great civilization weather is drizzly and snowy the birth-throes of intellec- which we call Mohammedan.

and cold, Egypt is being flooded tual and spiritual rebirth. Do you realize how vast an with sunshine. However, this Old and obsolete conditions empire this Moslem world is?

delightful climate is not alto- and ideas are hindering the If you go around the world, it gether an asset. It is debili- advancement of new life and will greet you at Gibraltar. On tating for those who live there liberty. But Egypt is ad- the right hand, as you travel year in and year out. UYhen I vancing – at what cost Dr. the whole length of the Medi- Watson, a son of Egypt, . clearly shows. Are we ready terranean, you have the forty first went to Egypt, I was told as Christians to make the million Moslems in North there were three rules of life. sacrifices necessary to make Africa. At the East end of the First, "Never do anything to- this progress possible? Chris- Mediterranean, you are face to day that you can possibly put tians in Egypt are helping to face with the Near East of off till tomorrow"; second, pay the price. Are we at Asia with forty million more: "Never do anything yourself that you can get anyone else to home ready to stand by them? in Palestine and Syria, in Tur- do"; third, "Never do much of key, Mesopotamia, Arabia and anything anyho~ Persia. If you could run up to Of course many visitors come for more serious Russia you would find some ten million more, or purposes. They wish to see the archeological visit China and find another ten million. On your treasures of a past civilization. What a thrill it way around the world you go through the Red is to live in that past; to reconstruct in your Sea, across the Indian Ocean, and come to India.

imagination the millenniums of ancient Egypt. Here is the largest single block of Moslems in any The pyramids and obelisks and temples and one country-sixty million. Go on and come to sphinxes carry one back some six thousand years, Malaysia where you find forty million more. You not to the beginnings of history but to a period do not leave this far-flung Moslem empire behind which was even then the golden age of Egyptian until you have passed the Philippine Islands civilization. It deepens in one the consciousness where the Moro Moslems are under the American of the great price that has been paid for human flag.

achievements-the millenniums and centuries of The significance of Egypt in this great empire discipline and labor that have given us our present lies in the fact that it is the intellectual centre of attainments. This is particularly good for an Mohammedanism. Here is its great Mohammedan American who lives dynamically in the present, university, the Azhar. Here are printing presses and imagines that civilization began with him and that carry the thought life of Egypt to every part will be crowned by him. A deep feeling comes of the Moslem world. Here, too, is the cradle of over one who finds in these early millenniums the Arabic journalism. "As goes Egypt, so will go the knowledge of astronomy, engineering, agriculture, Mohammedan world."

[ 71 ]

What Price Progress in Health? women out of the life of the nation. If she is on the street she is veiled. In the home she is in the First as to Health: Clearly there can be no harem. To be sure, thousands are now breaking progress without higher standards of physical away from these strict social rules, but it is only health. The first thing that impresses the casual where West meets East. The law of the harem is tourist is the extent of eye trouble. Egypt has still the law of the land and of its social order. the unenviable distinction of having a greater We follow woman into her seclusion and ask: IS percentage of its population blind or afflicted with she educated? Egypt affords us government staeye trouble than any other nation in the world. tistics which tell us that in the country at large A leading authority placed the number of those twenty per cent of the population can read and suffering from trachoma at ninety-five per cent. write. But do the women get their share? No, This disease of the eye keeps a man out of Amer- only four out of a hundred Egyptian women can ica. It does not always spell blindness but it does read and write. Clearly, the price of progress is represent impairment of eyesight. Why should the elevation of woman. ninety-five per cent of the people have this affliction? Our four children lived for years in Egypt. Then we observe the precarious position of None of them had trachoma. It is not necessary woman in the home and in society, for the Moto have it. It is entirely preventable, but super- hammedan law allows a man to have four legal stition tells the mother that it is unlucky to wash wives. There is always at the heart of every wife her baby until it is forty days old. In America, a the dread of the possibility of a second wife, and baby's eyes are washed at birth. After forty days a third and even a fourth. Meanwhile, the law of the damage is done, for the disease has set in. divorce attacks woman's position and prestige Clearly one price of progress is the elimination of perhaps more than anything that has been menphysical diseases. tioned, for all that a man needs to do to divorce his wife is to say, "Woman, thou art divorced." Nor is eyesight the only point attacked. There is bilharzia and hookworm. These three, with As we face this social order and observe its other diseases in their train, stalk up and down working, we do not need to be missionaries nor the country causing infinite suffering to women, even to be Christian to see that it must change if dreadful mortality among children, and weaken- Egypt is to make progress. Nor is it the Westing the efficiency and shortening the lives of men. erner alone who is saying this. The Egyptian young man is also saying it, and is insisting that Sir Wilfred Grenfell, of Labrador, came to see the next generation of women shall be better eduus one day in Egypt. He said he had been visiting cated and shall have greater freedom. the hospitals and I asked him what he thought of them. "They are doing magnificent work," he Moral and Spiritual Conditions:' Even more said "but it is hopeless. The flood of disease is fundamental than physical health and social concoming down at such a rate that no hospitals can ditions, are those conditions that have to do with overtake the damage done. What is needed is for the moral and spiritual life of a nation. How some one to go upstream and check the disease at shall we appraise these conditions? Our attitude its source." He strongly endorsed the work which to non-Christian religions in our day is marked by we are doing in the American University at Cairo, a new sympathy and appreciation. For this I am where we are endeavoring to change public mis- thankful. My own appreciation of non-Christian conceptions on these very points We believe that religions grew out of my jealousy for God and if we can arouse the people to the great national His character as a God of love. It seemed to me evils, they themselves will effect the cure. To be unthinkable that the God of love, revealed to us conscious of a limitation or of an evil is to be well by Jesus Christ, would not have been deeply conon the way toward its removal. So we have lec- cerned for His children in other lands across the tures on health which go from our platform to the long millenniums of their history. Surely someprinted pages of the journals of Cairo. We have where one would find the token of His interest in also prepared the first educational film on the care their spiritual and moral development. As a child of the eyes, with an Oriental setting. Last year of God it behooved me to look for His hand of it was used by the Palestinian Government in the love in the lives of these non-Christian people. cinemas of Palestine. Yes, one price of progress Looking thus with sympathy and appreciation inin Egypt, and in the Moslem world, is health-the to the Moslem religion, I found much for which recovery of physical health. one is glad.

The Social Order: The casual observation of First of all there is the spiritual conception of the tourist who visits Egypt is "Where are the God iri Islam. We must remember that Mohamwomen ?" Of course, many know the Moham- medanism came up from a background of idolatry. medan law of seclusion which practically lifts Upon that background we see it as a religion with a spiritual conception of God. This came home to

EGYPT-WHAT PRICE PROGRESS?

me one day in Benares, India. We had been going two things I want from my religion. One of these from Hindu temple to Hindu temple and my soul is fellowship with God. I am conscious that I am felt fairly defiled by the coarse representations of here on earth-helpless, weak, sinful, and God is the creative principle on every hand. Then we in His glory and power and perfect holiness. Who swung around into a Moslem mosqu.e. It seemed will bridge this great gulf and bring me to Him?

like breathing fresh air. There was not an idol I know that Jesus Christ can do it. Moham- in sight. Only upon the walls was the name of medanism seems to lay such stress upon one single Allah. I thanked God that day for this feature of attribute of God, namely, His sovereignty, that He Mohammedanism. seems to be pushed farther away, up, up, ever higher, until He is yonder behind His cold grey clouds and your heart cannot touch Him. He is too great. I have been told that Moslem theolo- gians declare that it is blasphemy to say that God is love, for how can perfect self-sufficiency and sovereignty be touched with the feeling of mortal infirmity.

The second thing that I want from my religion is moral undergirding. I have temptations and I have tasks. I am unequal to both. I want moral reinforcement and undergirding. I need ideals that will break out ever with fresh significance.

WHERE NEW IDEAS OF PROGRESS ARE PUT I find that undergirding and those ideals in Christ. INTO PRACTICE Does the Moslem find them in Mohammed? As I read what Lord Cromer says about the modern A village where students go to teach lessons in social progress.

Again I am deeply impressed with the note of Moslem and his moral shipwreck, I sense that submissiveness in Mohammedanism. That is there is a need to be supplied, there is a Christ what Islam means-submission. "Moslem" means that needs to be shared. So, as I look at the moral "the man who is surrendered." Christians believe and spiritual situation and ask myself, What in the surrendered life. Of course, it makes a Price Progress, I see that there must be a new. world of difference what one surrenders to, but .moral and spiritual dynamic.

the act of surrender is there and the spirit of sub~ Who Is to Pay the Price? missiveness is there in any case. I have often marvelled at the resignation and quiet submission We now come to the most important question: to the will of God manifest in Mohammedan lives Who shall pay the price of progress? There are in the presence of great loss and awful tragedy. three parties that must pay the price. of this prog- Sometimes I dream of Egypt becoming Chris~ tian. I do not think of the mosques being de~ stroyed with the loss of the Moorish architecture.

I love it, although I love the Gothic, too. I do not think of the minarets being destroyed and church steeples being built with their crashing bells call- ing to prayer instead of the call of the human voice from the minaret. There are many things that I believe Jesus Christ, with His loving appre- ciation of all that is good and all that has been de- veloped in the good providence of God in every race, will preserve. I believe that He will gather up these values, developed in other races and na- WHERE THE PRICE IS BEING PAID FOR PROGRESS tions, and will build them imperishably into His The American University at Cairo eternal Kingdom.

What Religion Should Supply ress. There is some part of this price which only' Egypt herself may pay to achieve her own prog- But this appreciation of the good in Islam must ress. There is another part which I would say, in not impair our judgment. There are deep and all reverence, only God may pay. Finally there is fundamental inadequacies in this religion which a part of the price of progress which it falls to only Jesus Christ and His spirit and teaching and us to pay.

work can supply. Let me ask here, What is it that What is the price that Egypt must pay? I you want out of a religion? Personally, there are cannot touch on all that is included under this an-

swer, but certainly one part of that price is the laborious planfulness. Some of these are high in pain of readjustment. Let me illustrate. Some the Government; many are in humbler walks of years ago when I was living in a Moslem neigh- life. They see the new day. They are seeking to borhood, I heard the sound of weeping in a large usher it in. Some are trying to reform the law establishment back of our house. 1 knew what of the country. Some are improving the educa- had happened: there was a death. According to tional life. Some are reforming the social order.

custom the family would erect a large pavilion of Some are instituting health campaigns. To every beautiful tent work and during three days friends one of these forward-looking Egyptians and Mos- would come to express their sympathy. Should I lems, we should extend our sympathy and a help- go? I did not know the family. They were my ing hand. • neighbors but the house fronted on another street. But there is a part of the price of progress that The family was of pasha rank. The head of the only God can pay. The uplift of a nation, the house was a Nationalist. The difficulties seemed progress of humanity, whether in the East or in to increase as I investigated. But 1 finally decided – the West, whether among Arabs or Americans, to go, scarcely hoping to be able to talk anything cannot even be hoped for without reliance upon but Arabic, or at most, French. What was my God. I am not thinking only of that price which surprise when I was greeted at the entrance by a was paid by Him centuries ago on the Mount of young man, speaking perfect English. He said, Calvary or on the Pentecostal morn when spir- "It is my brother who has died. He died in Cam- itual forces were released that have no end in the bridge, England. I was studying in Oxford, Eng- history of the world. I think, also, of more recent land, and I brought the body home." He then took providences that are clearly from the hand of God.

me to a seat of honor alongside of himself. He Within the last twenty years we have seen the seemed to hold on to me. I sat there quietly, hav- entire Moslem world lifted out of its isolation and ing expressed my sympathy, for one does not talk swept into the current of world thought and much. I listened to the Sheikh chanting passages brought into touch with world movements, as not from the Koran that were beautiful, and in all in centuries before. In the Great War, we re- sincerity, 1 said to him: member that of all non-Christian areas it was the "That is beautiful chanting." Moslem world that was affected chiefly by this "I hate it," he said. great war. What was the campaign at Gallipoli "What is the trouble?" I asked. and the Dardanelles but in Moslem territory!

"1 was living in the quiet and the peace of Ox- That in Mesopotamia, on Moslem territory! That ford," he explained, "and then I came here at this of Egypt, Moslem territory! The recruiting of tragic moment; in my home the women were the labor battalions from NoI:th Africa, Moslem screaming and tearing their clothes and pulling territory! The awakening of the whole Moslem their hair. I stood it one night; then I got out world that began so significantly with the Great and went to the hotel." War has gone on steadily in more recent years so I was sorry for the young man. I was sorry that today the old complacency and self-sufficiency for his father and mother who would not under- has passed away. All of this has been wrought by stand. I was witnessing the contact of two dif- none other than the hand of God.

ferent cultures, two different religions, two dif- Another mighty force that I believe has been ferent immortal hopes. I was witnessing a veri- directed by God to influence mightily the Moham- table collision of ideals and where these contacts medan world is Nationalism. This is of greater and collisions take place, there is pain-the pain significance in a Moslem land because of a pre- of adjustment. Would God that there were al- vious conception which had to be overcome. The ways mediators at those points, sympathetic per- old Mohammedan conception was not that of Na- sons who might explain, who might take up the tionalism at all. It was that of Pan-Islamism, in shock of the collision. But even so, there is always which all Moslems would be united in a religious pain, the pain of readjustment to new ideas and empire. There would be no Moor, or Algerians, new truths, and Egypt will have to pay that price, or Tunisians, or Egyptians, or Palestinians, or and in many instances she is doing it with courage Arabs; they would all be members of one reli- and with calmness. But at times there are the gious faith, happening to live here or there. Now fanatical outbreaks, the indignant rejection of Pan-Islamism has exploded into bits and every new ideas and new thought. bit is a national bit. There is today a Turkish Another price that Egypt herself must pay for nationalism and a Syrian nationalism, and an progress is that of initiativeness in reform. I Iraqian nationalism, and an Egyptian National- wish I could describe the forward-looking Egyp- ism. These countries would not dream of uniting tians, increasing in number every year; men of together and losing their nationalities in order to wisdom, men of courage, men of persevering and form a Pan-Islamic empire once again.

EGYPT-WHAT PRICE PROGRESS?

But what is nationalism worth? Many condemn price of grass in a country so hot and dryas it as an accursed movement throughout the world, Egypt? Is it a little sprinkling of water now and making for hatred and hostility. This was the again? Not at all, that would never do. The en- opinion of the Indian poet, Tagore. But we do tire field is banked up all around; then the field not find it so in Egypt. It is a new force indeed is flooded, almost a foot deep, and the water is in the life of the people and while it may have its allowed to stand there all night until the ground evil manifestations, it is also in many cases a is thoroughly· soaked. That is the price of grass force for good, for progress, for eagerness for in a hot and dry climate. It is a parable of what knowledge and education. It puts a nation on its we Christians must do in the Moslem world. We tip-toes of expectancy. It awakens the mind to have tried the sprinkling processes. Here and inquiry. It softens the will and enables the there there has been a little manifestation of love people to a c c e p t and sympathy. But changes that make it is not en 0 ugh.

for improvement. There must be the As we see this force drenching 0 f the working in the life Moslem world with of Egypt and ad- Christian love and Jommg countries, sympathy. Only so we feel that, under can we achieve the the hand of God, it results we desire may prove to be a and the progress we mighty power for want.

progress. And then there Lastly, . there is m u s t be service.

that portion of the Whatever it is that price w h i c h we Christ has given us Christians, friends we can give to them.

of Egypt and of the Spiritual service, Moslem world, must moral service, social pay if progress is to service, intellectual be achieved. The A NEW MOSLE'M WOMAN ADDRESSING A CAIRO CROWD s er vic e, physical first price we must service – imparting pay is that of sympathy. There has been too much not merely the fruits of Christianity'but the roots ill-will across the centuries between the Christian also. We must share all the living springs which camp and the Moslem camp. There has been we have found in Christ. That is what we are suspicion and hatred. This cannot be the last trying to do at the American University at Cairo.

word. The last word must be love. You ask, how It is only one of many forms of service, but it is much love? Let me answer with a parable. Just indeed one of the most practically useful, one of on the edge of Cairo is a country club, on a beau- the most spiritually penetrating, one of the most tiful island on the Nile. One can there watch the morally undergirding, and one of the most life- polo games played on beautiful turf. What is the transforming methods for promoting progress.

Christianity has to do, not with man's quest for God but with God's gift to man…… It is not a question of ou!: sharing with others the deeper spiritual values of our lives,which for the most of us are not very much to share, but of bearing witness to a grace and truth outside of ourselves…… The Christian mission ….. stands or falls with the question whether it is the bearer of a word from God.

-J. H. OLDHAM.

Evangelism-what is it? Are we afraid of it? Do we think it cannot be effective in our day with its emphasis on the social gospel? Society can be changed by changing the individuals that compose it. Dr. Mott's words find an echo in our hearts: "Evangelism consists in making Christ known, loved, trusted and obeyed in all ranges of life, by individuals and by society; and an intense passion to have Christ's kingdom widened, to ca:11 out the best in personality, to share with others, to be unselfish and to give to others those things of Christianity that have helped us. This larger evangelism is the work most needed now in the world, yet most neglected. We are in a time when we need great affirmationsaffirmations that nothing has changed our belief in Christ or in his power in the world."

Mrs. Thomas Nicholson.

WHY I BELIEVE IN CHRISTIAN MISSIONS* By DR. DONALD W. RICHARDSON, Richmond, Virginia 1. I am a Christian. To be a Christian is to be a missionary; I can't be a Christian and be indifferent to the needs of others.

2. I have seen some of the need of the non-Christian world. Back .of its physical, intellectual, economic, political and social ills, I have seen 'the need for a knowledge of Jesus Christ and the God whom He reveals.

3. I know from experience and observation that among the many panaceas and saviours which are being .offered to the world today Jesus Christ alone is actually saving men and women.

4. When I entered the Christian Church I thereby became a life-member of a divinely estab- lished missionary society. If I did not believe in missions I would be false to my membership in this missionary organization.

5. I believe that the words of Christ when He told His disciples to "go into all the world to teach and heal and p'reach the Gospel" are to be taken literally. We who are within the Church manifest our love and our loyalty to the Lord by the measure in which we carry out His command. In neglect- ing the hungry and thirsty, and naked and sick and imprisoned of the world I am neglecting Christ.

6. In Christ and His message I have a vision of the possibilities of people. I see them not only as they are, but also as they may be. I see not only their achievements, but also their capacities for achievement.

7. While recognizing the many elements of value to be found in other religious faiths, I have ,seen that these other systems at their highest and best do not supply the value which is found in the Christian faith and Way of Life. Their essential inadequacy lies in their ignorance of Christ, the Revealer of God and Redeemer of man.

8. I believe that in Christ alone is found the solution for the needs of the individual, of society, of civilization and that around Him alone center the noblest, the most unselfish, and the most endur- ing activities of man. '

9. I believe in the possibility of a world in which people of every race and nation may live as the children of God-in a social order characterized by righteousness, peace, and gladness. I believe that this better world must be built of men and women who have been redeemed in every land and brought into the Kingdom of Heaven by the grace of God in Christ.

10. I have seen some of the results of Christian missions-glorious transformations in character, marvelous restorations of lost mental and moral and social and spiritual order. I have seen pagan minds enlightened, bodies healed, souls saved, societies regenerated; and an atmosphere of gloom changed into one of gladness.

11. I believe that the Church and the Christian need mission work as an avenue of expression for the Christ-life within, as a field of service and sacrifice. By engaging in this work they them- selves become enriched and fruitful.

12. I believe that Christ's purpose and program call for cooperation on the part of His followers. He has placed His own cause upon the hearts and in the hands of His disciples. The completion of His will for the world, His method, His Church, His ideal for man, is by the way of foreign missions.

13. With such a God as Christ reveals, with such purposes of grace and love as the Christian Scriptures proclaim, the foreign missionary enterprise is a moral necessity. I should be ashamed to be so spiritually obtuse as not to see the logical issue .of my fellowship with Christ.

14. The best which 1 have I desire to share with humanity; selfishly to keep it for myself and my own community would be un-Christian. That best is not some theory of government, not some system of culture, not some program of social uplift, not science, not the veneer of Western civiliza- tion, but the knowledge of a loving and saving God. Not to share this knowledge would indicate a pathetic lack of faith in my own religion.

15. I know missionaries whom the Churches have sent out-most of them humble, courageous men and women, whose names may never be written in human history; but who are the agents of God for the establishment of His Kingdom. They are in the line of God's great succession .of Kingdom build- ers. I would share with them, to the limit of my opportunity, in the divinest, the most daring, and the most gloriously fruitful enterprise of all the ages.

16. Finally, I believe in Christian missions, because "This is life eternal, that they might know Thee, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom Thou hast sent." The greater part of the world today does not yet know, and can come to know God only through messengers whom the Chri,stians may send out to tell the Good News.

• From the Ohristian Observer.

South American

By JOHN A. MACKAY, New York -··~Z1 Author of "The Other Spanish Christ"; Secretary of the Board f.lc-..- of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

A S I LOOK back on my recent wanderings in this at a time when millions from the Magellan ..l'.. South America, I find that three main im- Straits to the Hudson Bay are suffering hunger, pressions have crystallized in my mind. I it is clear that what is in crisis is man. Can we have become conscious, if not for the first time, at not pardon the modern pessimist, who in the least to a much greater degree than before, of light of facts like the above, raises a question three major realities in the contemporary life of whether after all man is anything more than an that continent. The first of these is the reality of unsuccessful experiment of nature!

crisis, the second the reality of religious oppor- This is one side of the economic crisis. For- tunity, the third the reality of the evangelical tunately, there is another. Who can doubt that community. the fact of being united in one great fellowship of In the present article, I am going to deal with pain predisposes the nations forming the Pan- my impressions of the reality of crisis, leaving the American Union to regard one another in a much other two realities for treatment in subsequent friendlier way than they hdve done for decades articles. past. Nations which suffer fogether find it much Happily, it is not now so common as it was easier to think and plan together, and common some years ago, to regard all crisis as a simple pain has undoubtedly been one of the factors mak- projection of a state of mind, a state of mind that ing possible the great and unusual comity that has thrusts its own disorder and dread into the world reigned in the recent Pan-American Conference around it. It has become evident that changes of at Montevideo.

a major order are taking place in the life and Political Upheaval thinking of men, and that major decisions must be made. Thus the perception grows that crisis Everywhere I was conscious of the reality of is the only word at all adequate to describe condi- social and political crisis. Early in 1928 it had tions such as exist in many parts of the world. been my privilege at a Latin-American banquet The old is going. Something new, whether better in New York to share the program of after-dinner or worse than the old, is in the throes of birth. speeches with a distinguished diplomat, Dr. Carlos Davila, then Chilean Ambassador to the United Coffee Bonfires States. Both of us lived on the peaks that eve- .

It is not surprising that I found South America ning as we discoursed on things South American.

in the grip of an economic crisis. Let me give but Last May, I was in Santiago, the Chilean capital.

one representative illustration. I had arrived in There I was told how the erstwhile ambassador the Brazilian port of Santos, and was speeding in had headed a revolution, occupying the presiden- a friend's car across the great plateau. As we tial chair for several weeks, after which he was approached the city of San Paulo, I said to my ousted from power by another. One evening, companion, "What is that haze on the horizon?" after an address in the "Instituto Ingles," a Pres- At first it seemed to me to be a Scotch mist. But byterian mission school in Santiago, a man in his no, it was evidently smoke. "Some great building early fifties came up to speak to me.' There was in the city must be ablaze," I said. "No," was his a look of great kindliness in his face, and a strange reply, "they are burning coffee." mystic flash in his eye. "I am Colonel Grove," he said, as he shook my hand warmly. "Colonel During my three months in Brazil, I discovered Grove!" I involuntarily replied. This was the that in the last two or three years, 16,000,000 best-known communist leader in Latin America! sacks of Brazilian coffee have been burned. He was the man who had ousted Davila from Crisis! And not a purely economic one, either. power, occupying, in his turn, the presidential When one reads of the destruction of sheep in chair for several weeks. Then he, too, passed southern Chile, of the slaughter of pigs in Kansas, from the helm of State. In the recent political of the burning of wheat in Wisconsin and Min- elections in Chile, at which the new President nesota, and of the coffee bonfires in Brazil, and all [77 ]

Alessandri was elected, thirty-three political bridged in the interests of creative action and parties went to the polls. Among these were creative personalities. Appreciation of the existtwenty shades of socialism. Crisis! The new ele- ence of this chasm is part of the present crisis. ment in the situation was that social and political Will the abyss be widened or will it be bridged? ideas had become real and people were following That is the really critical question, as we look ideas and not, as formerly, ambitious personali- down the coming years. ties. The transition from interest in personalities to interest in ideas is an element in the social and Idealism and the Chaco political crisis of South America. In the international realm, crisis was equally I crossed the Andes in a raging blizzard on the apparent. The press in all the capital cities I last train to cross for some weeks, and sped over passed through was full of news about the undethe marvelous Argentine pampas. I came finally clared war between Paraguay and Bolivia. At to a much loved city by the sea, Montevideo, the Buenos Aires in June I found that, according to capital of vigorous and progressive little Uruguay. estimates, at least 40,000 men lay. dead in the Crisis met me there – in a city where legislators malarial marshes of the Chaco. Some have put had given themselves to the task of banishing the estimate of the victims to date at anything crisis and revolution forever, and sincerely from 50,000 to 100,000 Bolivians and Parathought they had succeeded. A dictator was in guayans. That awful holocaust to the god of war, power in the most democratic of South American that bloodiest and most sinister of episodes in countries, a country which had earned for itself modern Latin American history, is red with crisis. the name of the New Zealand of South America. And perhaps the most crimson part of that crisis is not that so many thousands of men have died, Some few decades ago, Uruguay set itself to but that South American idealism lies in those solving the problem of recurring revolutions, by swamps. How often had it been said, since the creating a new collegiate form of government, in World War, by leading South American statesmen which both of the traditional political parties and writers, that theirs was the only part of the should be represented in the executive council of world where war would be forever impossible bethe nation. One of the men largely responsible tween sister nations, because all South American for the new system was ex-President Brum. Fif- countries had loyally pledged themselves to solve teen years before, I had listened to him speak in their conflicts by arbitration! South America was Lima, when as a young man of thirty-five, re- committed to the principle of arbitration for the cently elected to the presidency of his country, he settlement of all international disputes. Then was touring the other American states. Brum came the undeclared war in the Chaco, which all was a natural enemy of the new dictatorial gov- the diplomacy of the Pan-American Union and of ernment. He found, however, that the majority the League of Nations could not prevent. Not of the people were in favor of it. They did not only that, but a similar situation had almost been rally to him or to his ideas, as he had hoped. One created in the Putumayo, on the boundary between day he received word that the government was Peru and Colombia. Had it not been for the asgoing to arrest him. He prepared himself for the sassination of a Peruvian president in the month event in a very dramatic way. Throwing open, of April, those two countries would have repeated early one morning, the wide doors of his residence, on the Putumayo what Bolivia and Paraguay have he seated himself on a chair facing the entrance, waged in the Chaco. South American statesmen a revolver in either hand. He expected that one and idealists are in a chastened mood. They of two things would happen-that the government recognize that all nations have sinned, that "there would arrest him, or that the people would rally is none righteous, no, not one." Some recognize around him. The hours passed. Neither of the that mere idealism and sentimentality are insuffitwo possibilities was fulfilled. In utter loneliness, cient when confronted with primitive human nadenied even the opportunity for a dramatic ges- ture and the new doctrine of the State. ture, he shot himself. He had been a brilliant political leader. He had sincerely and consistently Spiritual Crisis opposed religion of all kinds, but in his utter loneliness and isolation, at a moment when true re- But the reality of crisis is still deeper. There is ligion nerves a man to stand alone with God a spiritual crisis in South America. It is true, of against the world, he could not endure blank soli- course, that every crisis in human affairs has a tude and preferred to put an end to his despair. spiritual aspect. This we have seen to be true in In a crisis such as he had never anticipated, his the various phases of crisis already considered. heart became a sepulchre of dead illusions. He proved incidentally, by his suicide, that the tradi- A crisis takes place in the inner life of a countional gulf between religion and politics must be try when it is willing to remake its whole life and tradition in the light of the conclusion it reaches

THE SOUTH AMERICAN CRISIS

after loyal self-examination. Then anything may reached the places we aspire to, become our old happen. Self-criticism is of the very essence of true selves again, rejecting all opportunism and crisis. It is not too much to say that South Amer- untruth." When a well-intentioned and altruistic ican countries have entered this stage. Spain young man asks himself seriously whether it is entered it after the Spanish-American War, and worth while or possible to be good under all cir- the way was prepared for a really creative revo- cumstances then we have crisis of a serious order.

lution by the wholeheartedness with which thou- We are not surprised to learn that the new sands of men and women in the country gave mood gives greater reality to religious ideas. This themselves to the task of knowing themselves and brings into crisis the old South American radical- of discovering wherein their great faults and ism. "It would appear," said a Peruvian radical failings lay. It is interesting to observe that at and freethinker, "that God had handed over poli- the very time when new appreciation for Latin tics to men and kept religion for himself." But America is being expressed in North America, now a new phenomenon meets us throughout those there begins to appear in South America a tend- lands. It is not rare to find earnest young men ency to rigorous self-examination. of the new generation ready to take to themselves A second aspect of South America's spiritual the words of that young Spanish writer who said, crisis has already been hinted at. It consists in "I have Karl Marx in my head and Jesus Christ the change of interest from persons to ideas. in my heart." I am not interested in discussing, South America passed through a stage in which at the moment, whether this is or is not a possible ideas regarding life and God were given only an combination. What interests me is to point out academic or resthetic value. It was considered that for many young South Americans it is per- that to identify oneself passionately and absolutely fectly valid, however illogical their position may with anyone idea was to become sectarian, and seem to us. They have awakened to the discovery cultured South Americans have dreaded nothing that Jesus Christ is not the "poor Christ" whom so much as to be called "sectarios." Now, how- they have thought of, but a being whom every ever, that is changing. The new tendency or man must face if he would fairly and squarely mood began to appear with the revolt of university face himself and life. Their social imagination youth in 1918. It received its finest expression in is being captivated by the "Christ of the Whip."

Peru, among the members of the Apra party. I Among a people for whom a "poor beggar" or a have just read a remarkable pamphlet entitled "poor devil" has been practically synonomous "Aprism and Religion," in which the writer, a with a "poor Christ," illimitable vistas of oppor- young man who, in my time in Peru, was regarded tunity open up for the reinterpretation of Jesus as a consummate bookworm and cynic, confessed Christ.

that he had been saved from sterile intellectualism We need not be surprised to find that the sense by identifying himself with the great ideas em- of crisis prevails in the traditional church of those bodied in the program of his party.* When countries. The Roman Catholic Church is fully teachers, and intellectuals in general, are expected alive to the seriousness. of the present situation, to be crusaders, a complete break has taken place and so we discover here and there things which with the traditional attitude of detachment which are quite foreign to the tradition of that church, characterized South American culture. Accord- as known hitherto in those lands. We find ser- ing to the old view there could be no such thing as mons being preached in theatres and in churches, a crisis for an educated man, who viewed the without any ritual accompaniment. We find lay- world from his detached balcony. men who give lectures on the Bible and Catholi- There is still another element of crisis in this cism. We find more attention being given to the current drift from personalism. One discovers reading of the Scriptures in public, and in certain among the younger generation a great loss of faith areas to the distribution of the Gospels. If this in men. What a Mexican student once said to me process goes on long enough and thoroughly would be typical of many others in South Amer- enough, anything may happen in the' old church, ica. "We have become totally disillusioned," he and we might even witness another reformation.

said, "in the men to whom we looked as leaders. Meantime, the spiritual issue becomes sharp- We now ask ourselves if, continuing to live in ac- ened. Spiritualism, theosophy, occultism, not to cordance with our ideals, we shall ever reach speak of many other cults, have begun to dom- places of power where we can do the work we inate the minds of thousands throughout the con·· think should be done. So we wonder if for the tinent. Some years ago, an Indian philosopher, a present we ought not to take up a Machiavellian high priest of theosophy, and a Doctor of Phi- attitude towards life, and then, after we have losophy of the University of Cambridge, made what was practically a triumphant tour around • The Apra Party. See article, "A Voice from a Peruvian Prison," the whole continent. In South America, the East in the December REVIEW.

and the West, which it was thought would never opportunity to present the heart of the Gospel. meet, are coming strangely together. Nobody, I Interpreting Nietzsche's famous parable of the believe, would make such a profound impression camel that became a lion and the lion that became on the spiritual life of South America as an Indian a child, I followed modern man along the road of Christian, for South America looks wistfully to- his measureless passion for knowledge, and his wards the East and feels her need of a faith. iconoclastic drive towards freedom, into a fresh new childhood with wonder in its eyes and a life- An illustration of the reality of spiritual crisis affirming accent on his lips. The following mornis a question which was put to me by a student ing an engineering student came to see me. "I of the University of Santiago during my recent have passed through the stages you described last visit to Chile. One evening in the National Uni- night," he said in an agonized tone, "I have been versity I gave a lecture on "Nietzsche-the Crea- a sceptic. But I cannot live on scepticism and pertor of Superman,"-the idol of more than one gen- petual rebellion. I need a faith. Do you think I eration of South American youth. From him they can ever get a faith ?" had derived their conception of life and Christianity. A discussion of his personality and This was crisis in its most creative stage, in thought offered me the best possible point of con- that phase in which anguish becomes vocal and tact with my audience. Never did I have such an craves a religious answer. (To Be Continued.) The Red Man Speaks* By COE HAYNE, New York Author of "The Red Man on the Big Horn," etc.

A l"'.M. OcaNmGp, the boys o f Black Bear's hunting supernatural powers that were supposed to con- Red 'Neck, a member of the Crow trol the destinies of fighting men. The boy's votive offering was placed with similar ones in a tribe by adoption, was superior in feats of shallow hole in the earth that nourishes and pro- tects. Then Chief Blackfoot of the Crows prayed: skill and endurance, including horseback riding, "Dear sun, we give you this as a sacrifice from our bodies that those who are away in wars may long-distance running and shooting with bow and be victorious and return safely." A little later Red Neck was again honored by being adopted by arrow. From both his father and mother he had Chief Blackfoot as his own son.

inherited great physical powers. A far more terrible as well as determining ex- perience awaited Red Neck in his training as a Red Neck's father, murdered by the Sioux when member of his tribe. The time had come for Strong Face to dedicate him to a life of bloodshed the boy was but six months old, had been a sur- and plant in his soul forever the spirit of revenge in memory of the murder of his father by the geon in the Union army and, like many other rest- Sioux.

less young white men after the Civil War, had On a hill overlooking the Crow camp Strong Face stood with her son. They were alone. Just gone to the Western Frontier to take up land and as the sun tinged the eastern horizon with the golden light of a new day, the Indian woman begin life anew. Among the Blackfoot Indians lifted her arms in a gesture of adoration of the blazing manifestation of a power her tribal trahe had chosen Strong Face as his bride. ditions had taught her to fear rather than to love. As she chanted a song of mourning, tears flowed The youthful Red Neck with his mother wor- down her face unchecked. In utter abandonment the Indian widow surrendered to her grief. Alshiped the force that resided in the sun, the light- ternately weeping and praying, she gave expres- sion not only to grief but to her hatred of those ning, the 'rivers, and the rocks. He was initiated into all the ways of the Indian and learned the Crow and Blackfoot legends. He learned to shoot expertly with rifle as well as with bow and arrow, and to track deer and bear that were plentiful in the Bighorn Mountains.

One day while some of his mother's family were absent as scouts for the United States troops dur- ing the Nez Perces and Bannock uprisings, Red Neck was taken by Strong Face to a hill for fast- ing and prayer and was asked to contribute a small piece of flesh from his arm to appease the • From "The Mocassin Trail," by courtesy of The Judson Press,

THE RED MAN SPEAKS

who had killed her husband. Her mourning was ponent, whom he felled repeatedly by short-armed a part of a religious ceremony as are many jabs to the chin. To pay his vow and still the common activities in the life of an Indian. Her wails of his mother now aroused him to white devotions on this occasion were to be marked by heat. Memory spurred arms and hands for dread- a supreme sacrifice-the consecration to hatred of ful action. A voice called him back to the present a child of tender years. She prayed that he might and prevented a catastrophe.

become a warrior of courage and sure marksman- "Come to my office, John," ordered Captain ship, that he might kill his enemies. Pratt.

Above the boy towered Strong Face that morn- John Frost, known among the Crows as· "Red Neck," believed that he was about to be expelled ing, neglecting no sign or word that might burn from school. He was asked kindly how the fuss began. He told how it started in 1871 when the into his heart the spirit of hatred. Sioux under Sitting Bull raided his homeland; he spoke of the vow made to avenge the murder of "Promise me," she urged, "that some day you his father.

will kill a Sioux that the death of your father may "Your father was a good man, John," said Cap- tain Pratt. "I knew him when he served as a surbe avenged." geon in the Union army. We'll not discipline you for this." With his arms extended toward the sun, the boy made the vow and Strong Face invoked upon him the blessing of the orb of fire that climbed the eastern sky. .

During the following decade Indian influence in the boy's life continued to make deep and abid- ing impressions upon him. When rather late in life he began his elementary education in the gov- ernment school at Crow Agency, his Indian heart almost rebelled. Vivid memories of the unham- pered life in the Indian country made him long to return to it. Stealing away from the school one evening, he saddled his favorite pony and rode to the top of the divide between the Little Big Horn and the Big Horn rivers, where he could view the distant Pryor Mountains, the hunting grounds of his people. He was Indian; in Crow lodges he was at home; on the hunting trails of his people he knew the way; why try to penetrate the mysteries of the white man's world? He had WESTERN INDIAN ROUND HOUSE ridden forth with the thought that he would allow For Hold time" Indian ceremonies.

Buck, the pony, to take him back beyond the John continued at Carlisle and became captain Pryors to the place where the smoke columns from many Indian camp fires joined above the pines of Company A by acclamation. He played on Car- lisle's first football team before Bemus Pierce and that shaded the Stillwater. But the impulse to Mt. Pleasant, two of his teammates, became naleave the school at c'row Agency passed, and with tionally known for their brilliance on the gridiron. its passing he wept. He knew that he was saying By consecrated women teachers he was given good-bye to the hunting grounds of the Crows and Bible lessons, and was taught the simple courtesies that are considered important in well-directed to Buck. homes and public places. His record at the insti- A few months later Red Neck was transferred tution won for him a job on the Crow reservation, to the Carlisle School in Pennsylvania, where he first as disciplinarian in one of the dormitories in the government school at Crow Agency and then developed rapidly under Captain Pratt and a staff as scout and interpreter at Fort Custer on the of teachers who had faith in the inherent good- high mesa above the juncture of the Big Horn ness of live Indians. and Little Big Horn rivers.

Red Neck was at Carlisle when he learned of the shoting of Sitting Bull during the so-called uprising under the leader of the Ghost Dances in South Dakota that culminated in the "Battle" at Out of the entire group of twenty Crow men Wounded Knee. The Crow yelled in savage glee who returned to the reservation, John was the and volunteered the opinion that the old Sioux only one who did not again take up with the old warrior got what he deserved. Big Horse, a Indian ways. Yet this youth, fighting to keep nephew of Sitting Bull, sprang at him. Both lads himself clean, came in time to see failure ahead were good in a rough-and-tumble fight, but Red for him unless he broke away from the reserva- Neck was more skilful as a boxer than his op- tion. The colonel gave the Indian permission to

return to duty after a ninety-day furlough. But would cut their legs and arms, stab their head~, John Frost did not return until years afterward. When the ex-scout came back to his tribe with and chop off the ends of their fingers, wailing and wife and children he found that Baptist churches, crying, "I shall never see you again; no never! under the leadership of men and women sent to Oh! What shall 1 do?" them by the Home Mission Societies, had been organized among the Crows. At first he kept away Thank God, these terrible things are not seen from the Gospel services but gradually the brave any more. Great changes have taken place and and sincere Christian living and achievement on many of the Crows are rejoicing in a Saviour's the part of the missionaries and their converts love, and climbing the trail to that happy land turned the heart of this Indian toward Christ. In above. There have been nearly five hundred bap- 1927 he was ordained to the Christian ministry tisms; we now have five Indian churches and our and is now pastor of the Indian church at Pryor, own Indian Association. There is so much to be Montana. Strong Face, his mother, is numbered thankful for. among the Christians of the tribe. Not many months ago, at the dedication of the new Chivers Shot-in-the-H~nd, one of the oldest members of Memorial Chapel for Indians at Lodge Grass, th~ tribe, just before he passed away prayed: "0 John had occasion to refer to the terrible vow of God, forgive me for cutting and scarring this his boyhood, body you gave me. Grant, 0 Lord, that not one of my children will do as I did in worshiping the The Testimony of John Frost wrong gods. I did not know any better."

Delegates to the Northern Baptist Convention Bear Claw, another old Indian who walked held in Chicago in 1927 will remember the testi- faithfully in the Jesus Road, said to me just bemony of John Frost that follows: ~ore he died, his face beaming with light and joy, The Indian is naturally religious; when he be- Brother, please do not pray for my recovery, for lieves he believes with all his might. If you had I am anxious to go to this place the missionaries come among us when Drs. Petzoldt and Kinney have told about, where there is no sorrow, and no did you would have found us worshiping idols. tears, and no good-bye, and I want to see the won- We believed in a Great Spirit, and we believed derful Jesus." that the mountain lions, the bears, the wolves, coyotes, and in fact all animals, birds, streams, These are some of the many things your misand springs were messengers of the Great Spirit. sionaries have brought to my people. Oh! If I When we used to roam the prairies and had to were a master of all the languages I could not find cross a creek or river, we gave some offering; if words to express my gratitude today for what the a river, a choice piece of meat or pemmican; if a Gospel has done for my people and for me. I can creek, beads. only say, God bless you, God bless the work and the workers among the Crows. In order to gain favor from these many message-carriers of the Great Spirit, worshipers Indian Reverence would go to the mountains and choose some high point, then fast for days, neither eating nor drink- With the life sketch of John Frost and his striking. In some cases they would chop off the index ing testimony in mind as recorded above, one may finger at the first joint as a sacrifice, or tear the more readily understand a statement by Henry strips of skin from the body as an offering. Again, Roe Cloud concerning the Red Man's spiritual histhey would set a post in the ground on some high tory and present attitudes. point, and on top of this post, which was nearly ten feet high, fasten a buffalo's or bear's head. Henry Roe Cloud, full-blooded Winnebago In- Two rawhide ropes which hung to the ground dian, newly appointed field representative of the were fastened to the post just below the head. Then the man who was to make the sacrifice had ~ureau of Indian Affairs, * is regarded as parhis breast bared and two strips cut in the flesh on each side. A stick was put under the flesh on each tIcularly fitted to act as an interpreter of the Inside of his breast, across, and fastened to the two dian to the Government and the Government to ropes from the post. He went around and around the Indian. He was born on the Winnebago Indian this post, pulling backward and blowing a whistle Reservation in Nebraska, attended the reservamade from the wing bone of an eagle. He went tion boarding school, and later went to a nonuntil he broke himself loose. After all day, if the reservation boarding school in Nebraska, to which skin refused to break, he was pulled loose by a come pupils from tribes such as the Omahas friend. When a dear one died, the relatives Winnebagos, Sioux, Cheyennes, and Assiniboins: By his own effort he secured a Master's Degree from Yale in anthropology, was graduated from Auburn Seminary, and was ordained a minister in the Presbyterian church. Each summer while attending school he returned for contact with his • Now Superintendent of Haskell Institute.

people, and after completing his education he entertain a living Person in ourselves. With that stayed for several years on the reservation, work- sort of a conception we attain what we call our ing with the Indian simply as one interested in spiritual development. We discover our incentive their welfare. The past seventeen years he has for life and we are forever hungry and reaching spent at the American Indian Institute which he after a certain nobility of soul. This all comes established at Wichita, Kansas. This is an ac- from that wonderful· fact that we have a living credited high school specializing in agriculture Being in us. God is so near to the consciousness and higher training for Indians. Said Mr. Cloud of the Indian that when he prays most of the time at the North American Home Missions Congress he says "My Father." He is so near, so present. in Washington, D. C.: I think the Indian has a distinct contribution to It is not hard for an Indian to grasp the teach- make to the Christian Church. It grows out of his ing that God is a Spirit and is living today as a centuries of experience in worshiping the Great personality in the hearts and lives and souls of Spirit. We have no absentee God; he is present men. Even I as a small child was taught to wor- always with us. That's the teaching of our peoship according to the teachings of Animism. The ple. The Indian through experience knows that conceptions of Animism, in brief, are these: Yon he is present, and out of that intimate contact personalize the forces of nature, give them a spir- with the unseen Father which is the great reality, itual personality, and then turn around and wor- he has developed this spirit of reverence which ship these forces of nature. You've got a God we all know that he has. Another thing that he right near you. You worship the thunder, the can contribute to the Christian Church according lightning, the water, the fire,· etc. You have a to my idea, is that when he confesses his sins, he spirit at your hand whichever way you turn. Take confesses his sins. He doesn't say as the white a race of people who believe in that, and it is not man does, "Oh, Lord, forgive my sins." The Indifficult for them to pass from that conception to dian goes right straight to his sins and tells the the other conception that God himself, through whole world what they are. There's a species of the teachings of God and the Bible, is living today sincerity and forcefulness in his confession to the with us, in us. We do not entertain high thoughts Great Spirit which might be of value to the Chrisand cultural ideas, and that sort of thing, but we tian Church.

CHIEF PLENTY COUPS CONFERS NAME "PLENTY CR,OWS" ON REV. JOHN FROST AT THE HOMESTEAD WILLED BY PLENTY COUPS AS A PUBLIC PARK FOR INDIAN'S AND WHITES

CHURCH AND SCHOOL AT

All the teachers are now natives but Mr. Morrison is the man in command and very efficiently so. He is In the front rank to the left.

Preaching and Practicing in Central Africa By MRS. JOHN M. SPRINGER, JadotviIle, Belgian Congo Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church I T WAS high noon and intolerably hot when we Not knowing which road to take on the other arrived at the Lubilash pontoon just as it side, we pulled up to a lad who wore an infini- loosed from the shore and slowly made its way tesimal piece of calico as his sole wardrobe and to the other side. The boat was loaded to the was lunching on a huge piece of sugar cane.

water's edge with natives and their loads of cotton "Where is Bibanga?" we asked. Without a word to be sold at t-qe Cotonco warehouse some miles and without stopping his mastication, he pointed further on. For two days the road had been full to a distant hill on which could be seen a light of cotton growers taking their loads to markets spot. It was the roof of the new Bibanga church.

from which the cotton would be shipped to Bel- Twelve kilometers of winding, narrow road lay gium. An hour later, the pontoon was back and ahead of us and as we rounded the hairpin turns our car rolled down the perilously steep bank and and looked down the precipitous sides into the onto the battered craft which was evidently valley hundreds of feet below, we wondered what stronger than it looked. would happen if we should meet another car. As [84 ]

PREACHING AND PRACTICING IN CENTRAL AFRICA

we rounded another sharp bend the new church when brought to the hospital; 110,000 intervenus was seen in its simple beauty and soon we were injections, and only 407 deaths, it is nothing short honking outside the McKees' door. of a miracle. Only a few years ago sleeping sick- In this Southern Presbyterian station at Bi- ness carried 98 % of its victims to the grave. bango there is a fine large school under Mrs. Mc- Kee's direction while Miss Allen was on furlough. During the past ten years there have been a total The new church will hold a thousand people and of 53,000 patients in the hospital. Of this num- ber, 11,000 suffered from hookworm. Most of us humans are as lazy as circumstances will allow, but the laziness of the African has been prover- bial. The truth is that much of his disinclination to do hard work was due to this insidious little worm which is in process of being vanquished, as well as the tsetse fly which causes sleeping sickness. What astonished me most was the amount of surgery done in the poorly equipped operating THE BEAUTIFUL NEW CHURCH AT BIBANGA CAN SEAT 1,000 PERSONS AND IS WELL FILLED EVERY SUNDAY is well filled every Sunday. But on our first visit to this station four years ago, the nurse, Miss Rogers, was bravely carrying on in the absence of Dr. Kellersberger. Now the doctor had returned and our main interest was in the medical side of the work.

Heathenism Is positive and not neutral as some suppose. For centuries babies whose mothers died at birth were buried alive with the mother. But for the arrival of the missionary. that would have been the fate of little Marco.

Photo by Mrs. J. M. Springer. theatre. A new government doctor remarked with scorn that he certainly would not try to operate Mary Is a beautiful Christian character and teacher. She has with such out-of-date instruments as those used worked hard and kept up with her husband through four years at Bible School and was the first woman to graduate from that in the hospital. school. Do missions pay? I'll say they do. Look at Mary. "Well," replied the doctor, "these are all I have Throughout Central Africa, Bibanga has be- and I've performed 35,000 operations with lumbar come almost synonomous with sleeping sickness. injections in the last ten years and have never had Dr. Piper, the Methodist medical missionary; con- a death; so matters might be worse." siders Dr. Kellersberger the greatest authority on sleeping sickness in the Congo, or at least in the We were taken into the "surgical ward," which Katanga. When one thinks of 9,735 patients of the doctor said that he was ashamed for us to see; this dread disease, many of them already insane and yet, it was the only place he had for these cases.

It was a small room not over 15×15 and so crowded that it was difficult to get through the door. Most of the beds were side by side and the patient whose bed prevented the full openirig" of the door had been brought in that morning with

a foot badly clawed by a lion. The man had this colony but the victims cannot be taken in climbed the nearest tree but it was not quite high faster than provisions can be made for them. enough for him to get entirely out of the maddened beast's way. Nearly a day had elapsed be- Many have been led to Christ and thirty-five fore the patient was brought to the hospital and have been admitted to baptism after giving proof the odor was .decidedly unpleasant. of their genuine conversion. This means a gen- uine turning to Christ from a life of sin. In every In the far corner lay another man who had also part of the manifold work the evangelistic spirit been in the hunt and the lion had badly chewed has been kept foremost. These people were his arm, but in both cases the doctor pulled them formerly wild and bloodthirsty tribes, many of through. Another patient had had a huge goiter them cannibals. The missionaries knew that removed and was doing well. It would be a bless- there was but one hope for them – that which ing if someone would give the brave doctor a new would come through the preaching and teaching surgical ward! of the Word of God and through belief in the sav- ing power of the Lord Jesus Christ. It is this that Another new feature is the leper colony only has transformed the whole section. three years old. Here 350 lepers and their families are in camp and live a normal life, seeking to Two weeks later we passed the old Luluaberg win their way back to health, so far as possible. Post where lies the body of the first missionary in This colony is in temporary huts but it has its this region, Wm. Summers M.D., a Methodist who own self-governing tribunal, fields at the foot of came out with Bishop Wm. Taylor's band in 1885 the ridge for raising grain. We marveled how to Loanda. The storms had erased his name on the cripples could get up and down the hill. The the tiny cross which the Government had placed colony also has its own church and school, with over Dr. Summer's grave, but neither time nor trained teachers and pastors, who have become eternity will wipe out the work done by those who keen voluntary workers as soon as they have be- not only preached Christ but lived Christ and died come lepers. There is a long waiting list to enter for Him in these villages of Central Africa.

Photo by Mrs. J. M. Springer. DR. KELLERSBERGER AND SOME OF HIS LEPER COLONISTS He thinks he, has every phase of leprosy and every specia ever discovered in this Colony.

Buddhist Priest to Christian

A Story of the Old Fukunaga-and the New By the REV. ALBERTUS PIETERS, D.D. The Reformed Church in America; Formerly a Missionary j§.- to Japan MANY years ago, in a hotel in the town of rank.as a samurai. This lasted, however, only a Usuki, on the east coast of Kiushiu, a short time, for presently, by order of the new group of Christian workers were chatting government, the clan forces were disbanded, and together when the conversation turned to the we, the two-sworded gentry, were disarmed. As black art. compensation I received a sum of money not real- ly very large, but a much greater sum than I had "Mr. Fukunaga," said I to a representative of ever had before. It was a great misfortune to the Bible Society, "Is it true that the Japanese me, for I had not the least idea how to use money people think we Christians deal in magic?" properly. I went at once to the brothels, and spent it all in riotous living. After that, I sank "Indeed it is," he replied, "and what is more, lower and lower, until I became a runner for a that idea led me first to listen to the preaching house of prostitution and a servant to a band of of the Gospel." 'geisha' (dancing girls). In this occupation I made it my business to tempt young men to their That evening Mr. Fukunaga told the story of ruin, and received a commission on the amount his early life before an audience that listened of money they spent in the brothels. Lust and. spellbound. In the main the tale was as follows. strong drink were my delight, so much so that if He said: I had no money to buy drink I would go about the banqueting hall when the guests had left, and "I had the misfortune to lose my mother when guzzle the few remaining drops left in the bot- I was very small, and was given over to a very toms of the cups. As I think of it now, I was cruel stepmother. One day, when I was five or just like one of those maggots that breed in rotsix years old, angered by something I had done, ten flesh; I lived in the midst of unspeakable she stripped me naked, bound my hands and feet, filth, and I thought it fine." and laid me among the bamboos where the mosquitoes were thickest. I would have died that Fukunaga's simile of the maggots,-which I have night, if the neighbors had not rescued me. never met elsewhere, seems most terrible and yet most appropriate description of a life of lust "Growing up under such care, I became a very and drunkenness, without reproaches of conbad boy. In my early teens my father decided that science, and before satiety has set in. "A maggot nothing good could be expected of me, so that I in a piece of putrid flesh!" What a picture of filth would better become a Buddhist priest. He ap- and enjoyment combined! I wonder whether it is prenticed me to a temple, where I remained for possible for a man brought up in a Christian several years. Under the tutelage of the priests community, however abandoned he may become, I learned to intone the prayers from memory, but to enjoy vice as heartily as a heathen does. I also learned from them many vices. Not one good thing did they teach me. To frighten me Fukunaga's redemption was drawing nigh. they told me that the idols would see and punish While living this kind of life, one day he called me if I disobeyed them. One day, in their absence, on a friend, who was a lantern maker. One form I scratched the back of one of the idols with a of advertising in Japan, much used also in evanknife, to see what it was made of. I found noth- gelistic work, is to hang out large lanterns, with ing but wood under the paint, so I replaced it on an inscription, advertising the wares in which the the shelf, and was afraid no more. merchant deals, or giving an invitation to a meet- ing. Fukunaga's friend was finishing one of these "When I became a young man, I ran away from large lanterns, and was writing certain large charthe temple and joined a band of men who lived acters on it. Fukunaga could not read, and asked by gambling and robbery. This kind of life was favored by the disturbed state of the country, it being about the time of the great revolution. When the authorities became too watchful to make that sort of life safe, I enlisted as a soldier. him what they were. The lantern maker read it I was very proud of my two swords and my new to him: [87 ]

"Makoto no Kami no Hanashi, 0 hairi nasai"- his pocket, no trade, and no place to sleep. He "A Talk about the True God, Come in." "Very had no idea how great a thing he had done, but he strange," said Fukunaga, "I've heard of all kinds had made the grand venture; he had taken his of gods, but I never heard of this one before. 'The place with the heroes of faith. "He went out, not True God,' what kind of a god is that?" knowing whither he went." He had chosen "rather "I do not really know," replied his friend, "a to suffer affliction with the people of God than to man came in and ordered it made this way. That's enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season." As he all I have to do with it. I think it is to be hung walked along, he remembered that the temple out in front of a place where they are going to priests had taught him a simple form of massage, teach Christian magic. You know the Jesus doc- practiced in Japan by men called "amma," usually trine, what a vile thing it is, and how long it has blind men; who announce their coming by blow- been forbidden; but now everything is going to ing on a whistle, that customers may call them in.

the dogs, and they are letting it come in again. I He bought a whistle, and that night he had five or say, Fukunaga, you'd better go in for it. There's six clients. At dawn he sought a lodging, jingling no telling how much money you may make if the coppers he had earned. "That jingle," he said, you're good at magic, and I guess it won't trouble "was the sweetest music I ever heard, for that was you any, no matter how bad it is." the first honest money I had earned in all my life."

Fukunaga thought that this was a good idea, The real business of his life became the telling so he went to his first Christian service. "There of the story of Jesus and His Salvation to all who were not many people present," he said; "just a few of us sitting on the floor around the sides of would listen. For several years he pursued the the room. Presently a young man came in, with calling of an "amma," in order that, like William a foreign shirt and drawers showing under his Carey with his cobbling he might "cover exkimono. Aha! I thought, here is the man wear- penses." So persistent and earnest was he that ing the magic garment! He distributed little the people of his community thought that he must hymn-books, which I took to be full of magical be a paid agent of the missionaries, and that he formulas. Then he stood behind a table, bowed pretended to be an "amma" in order to gain adhis head, shut his eyes, folded his hands, and be- mittance to their homes! He took a special intergan to talk in a low voice. I held my breath, for est in the "Eta," who are the outcastes, or pariahs, I thought he was repeating some incantation that of Japan. These poor people are not distinguishwould tUrn us all into cats and dogs, or that would able in appearance from the rest of the Japanese. produce some other wonderful result. But noth- Their legal disabilities have been removed by the ing happened, and I went away much disap- Government, but there is little relaxation of the contempt with which they are regarded by their pointed." countrymen. Since they are constantly increasing Later Fukunaga got acquainted with the in numbers, wealth, and "class conscious" resent- preacher, who was a theological student from the ment at the social ostracism to which they are Doshisha, in Kyoto, the famous school founded by subjected, they are a growing danger to the peace Joseph Neeshima: Mr. Fukunaga did not remem- and national unity of Japan. It is said that they ber a single thing he taught, but he made a won- are more ready than any other class to lend a lis- derful impression for all that. "He was the first tening ear to socialism and bolshevism.

young man I had ever met who lived a clean life!" In spite of all the earnest and persistent evan- It was my business to tempt young men to vice, gelistic work which Mr. Fukunaga did for several and I did my best on him, but he stood firm. This years in the province of Oita, there was little perwas a miracle to me. I had no idea that there ceptible result. In Korea a Christian worker of were such men." this kind leaves a trail of converted villages be- Little by little, Fukunaga felt himself drawn to hind him wherever he goes. In Japan the diffi- the Gospel, although at first he only dimly under- culty of Christian work is very much greater, stood. It was as if God had stretched out His compared with Korea. The mass of Japanese still hand, and was firmly, gently, irresistibly lifting feel profound fear and hatred towards the Gospel him up out of the slime in which he lived. The of Christ. entire Bible was not yet translated into Japanese, but he secured one of the Gospels, and was fired Mr. Fukunaga later became a Bible colporteur, with the ambition to learn to read it. All the time and rendered excellent service. Later still he rehe was continuing to lead his sinful life. ceived some training and became an evangelist. At the time of the great eruption of Sakurajima, Finally, one day, the inward struggle grew too near Kagoshima, some years ago, large numbers much for him. He yielded himself to God, and of peasants were rendered homeless because the walked out of the brothel, never to return. There lava overflowed their fields. To these unfortunate he was on the street, with only a few pennies in people the Government assigned waste lands in the

AN EXPERIMENT IN. CHRISTIAN FRIENDLINESS

province of Osumi. As they were entirely with- giving them the .excellent advice with which his out religion, no Buddhist priest even caring to wide experience of the world and his native isolate himself among them, Mr. Fukunaga under- shrewdness supplied him, and making friends with took the task of carrying them the Gospel, and the children. He has thus succeeded in gaining a there he lives today. At first he was not a wel- foothold for the Gospel where probably no other come addition to the community. He had expected man could have done it. He has won the cona certain amount of opposition, but noticing how fidence of the people, and converts have rewarded terrified the people appeared to be for the first self-sacrificing labor. day or two of his stay among them, he inquired about the cause, and found that the immediate Cheery, patient, hopeful, brave, pure in life and trouble was due to a small quantity of brown conversation, having a heart full of love to God onions which he had brought for seed. The com- and man, the new Fukunaga stands in the sharpmon people of Japan are firmly convinced that it est contrast to the old. It is not without reason is a regular Christian practice to steal or buy hu- that he is a firm believer in the Christian docman livers and use them for medicine. These trines, especially in the new birth. The first time little onions looked to them like dried livers! I saw him I asked how old he was and soberly he answered: "Ten years old last spring." With such a situation the first thing to do was to win the friendship and confidence of the people "What do you mean by that?" said 1. "You seem by Christian living. It was no time for preach- to be at least fifty." ing, but for practice. He went about, talking with them in a friendly way, relieving their bodily ills "Oh, to be sure," he replied, "if you ask about with his simple massage and homemade remedies, the first time I was born, that took place more than fifty years ago; but that first time doesn't count. I reckon my life from the time I was born again."

An Experiment in Christian Friendliness , By MRS. EDWIN H. KINNEY, Chicago Secretary of the Christian Americanization Department, Woman's American Baptist Home Mission Society T WELVE churches within one Baptist Asso- In so large a territory numerous tasks call for ciation in Michigan have carried through a a variety of talent. The use of a typewriter, abil- novel experiment in friendliness. The pas- ity in decorating, poster making, and managing tors and church members undertook together to games were a few of the ways through which the find out what Christ means for them in the com- cause of friendliness was served. One lady, not mandment, "Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thy- able to be as active but eager to work in a personal self." They recognized that he referred to no way, gave the daily use of her automobile for simple haphazard achievement. others to go calling, to attend meetings, and to transport foreign guests. The Secretary of the The territory of the Association covers eighty Michigan Baptist Convention drove one hundred miles in length. One evening each week for a and forty miles to take a party of Mexicans to a month, young and old, deacons, pastors, high nationality tea in one church, and to a prayer school stUdents, women's leaders, teachers and meeting in another. He does not speak Spanish pupils worshiped, talked, planned and played to- and not one of the people in his car could speak gether. They learned that friendliness can push English. But they worked out ways to cross the through age barriers, can cross the dividing so- language barrier. After that ride no doubt recial, educational and occupational lines. In ad- mained in the minds of the Mexican group redition to this All-Association evening each week, garding the approachableness of the Secretary they carefully planned activities in each local and his genuine appreciation of them. church-nationality teas; special Sunday morning services, sometimes with a speaker from out- Attendance increased at the weekly evening of side; midweek prayer meetings conducted by study and fellowship. The courteous attention Polish or Mexican or Russian Baptist guests. which marked the opening night deepened to an Frequently an interpreter was needed to translate earnestness, a longing to learn from the experithe words but there was never any need to inter- ence of others, a feeling of Christian fellowship pret their radiant faces. in the face of a common task. The evening meet-

ings opened with a brief wor:ship service and tries was a special feaure. The program opened closed with an hour of social games. For both of with everyone singing together What a Friend We these periods everyone stayed in one group. Then Have in Jesus, each person using the language the Secretary of the Christian Americanization most familiar. With the same variety in language Department of the Woman's American Baptist the song was followed by the Lord's prayer- Home Mission Society met with the pastors, while taught so long ago to non-English speaking disthe Missionary of the Department led the discus- ciples. This proved to be a happy reminder of the sion in the other section. Ignorance, the willing- fact that there is no difficulty over languages when ness to accept a passive well wishing as a substi- we come to the Father. tute for active good will, and everyday selfishness were discussed along with specific remedies pos- Then followed contributions from the various sible of immediate application. groups – music, vocal and instrumental, and a short play. A children's chorus, representing five The pastors' group took up the question as to nationalities, sang This Is My Father's World how the church can profit by increased friendli- and one of the pastors offered a prayer dedicating ness. After full discussion the idea of profit to the young life of the Association to a life of good the church was given up as a motive. Christian will. The national anthem of the Kingdom of courtesy was described as primarily concerned God, All Hail the Power of Jesus' Name, closed with the lives of people regardless of whether they the program. ever can or will do anything for the church. How the church can keep its true position in the loyalty There are three important results of the project. of its members without endangering loyalty to First, lessening of the feeling of separation, which God our Father, and His son Jesus Christ was one each of the churches had struggled under. These of the questions. churches are a cross-section of the Baptist con- stituency, English and foreign language churches, Much time was devoted to a consideration of large and small, city, village and rural. Informal ways in wliich active friendliness can be promoted acquaintance among the members has deepened among people of different national and religious the realization of how many Christians love the backgrounds. The more urgent need seemed to be same Lord and are eager to serve Him effectively. the choice of ideas and words with which to discuss religion or comfort in grief, meeting temp- Second, there is a better mutual understanding tation, or living without fear. Actual experiences between English and non-English speaking with those of Jewish and Roman Catholic back- churches. Several weeks after the conclusion of ground were described. There was no opportu- the month of Christian friendliness emphasis, the nity to establish confidence in a church and help pastor of the Russian Baptist Church came to the had to be immediate, specific, Christian and pastor of the nearest English-speaking church to warmly personal. discuss the problem of his Russian young people. He realized the inadequacy of his own church pro- At the end of the four weeks it seemed natural gram and he wished to see if the program of the to have a social gathering at which each person English-speaking church was adapted to his was tagged to indicate what language or lan- young people. Together they sought a solution guages he spoke. Eleven nationalities were rep- for the problem. resented. Of the five hundred present over one hundred could qualify for more than one tag even Third, there is an increased willingness to use though English was not always included. An ex- Christian friendliness as a way of finding life hibit of articles from thirty-three different coun- through losing it in the service of others in the name and spirit of Christ.

EXAMPLES IN MISSIONARY GIVING 1. A lady sent a conditional gift for $10,000 in the name of her sister who had loved the work of missions throughout her life. This investment will yield good returns.

2. A friend turned his life insurance and accident policies into an annuity gift at his death, to furnish a safe and high-yield income to his widow through her life.

3. Every family in a native Christian community in West Africa, is giving one month's aver- age income to support their church budget, the hospital service, their schools, and one full quarter to their missionary work for others in greater need.

4. One church, finding it necessary to decrease the missionary gifts in its budget, at once voted two special occasions in the year for extra offerings for missions.

"Reichskirche" in the New

r- By the REV. JULIUS RICHTER, D.D., Berlin, Germany Author of "Missions in India," etc., etc.

WE ARE living in Germany through a spiritual movement, has been appraised quite gen- quiet and bloodless yet thorough-going erally, particularly because the promise was defi- revolution with kaleidoscopic changes in nitely pledged that this unification does not change the situation almost from day to day. As a whole the denominational status.

the American public is better informed on the The gigantic task before this "Reichskirche" is daily events than the average German, as free to win back the estranged masses to the church. publicity is not allowed under the present condi- In the United States, according to a generous tions. I can only attempt to give a bird's-eye view statement, only about fifty per cent of the popof the main spiritual forces remolding the church ulation have any connection with the church. In life in Germany today. Germany-except the few millions of dissenters- The National Socialist revolution faces great all belonged nominally to the church, were bap- possibilities and gigantic difficulties. Adolf Hitler tized as babies, were given a thorough religious is attempting a reconstruction or regeneration of instruction and have been confirmed at fourteen.

the nation on the basis of Volksgemeinschaft, Many of them have maintained a very loose conthat is an altrustic fellowship of all nationals in a nection with the Church during the rest of their common social, national, economic and racial re- life. Yet about four-fifths of the population have construction under the overruling principle of become spiritually estranged from the Church, leadership. Hitler's aim is to fit together all na- and materialistic philosophy has planted into the tional resources in this gigantic attempt to rebuild hearts of the millions of laborers an antipathy, if the broken down states on a basis quite different not hatred, to the Church which has been accen- from the liberal democracy of the Anglo-Saxon tuated lately by godless communistic influences. nations. His aim is to establish a totalitarian A thorough-going success in reclaiming these state, one in which aIr efforts in the diverse fields masses to the Church would be acclaimed with of religion, education, economics, politics and so- gratification. Three main difficulties stand in the cial life will be coordinated under one unifying way. There is a strong group of devoted, con- will with one preconceived goal. The Christian servative pastors who have cultivated the church Church is looked upon as the soul of this totali- life for generations on the basis of the Bible as tarian state, to supply it with the indispensable interpreted by the Lutheran and Reformed con- religious and moral stamina. This definitely is fessions. Six thousand pastors have united as part of Adolf Hitler's program. an emergency federation of church leadership, The first step for its realization was the unifica- and offer formidable opposition to the "German Christians." It is said, perhaps not without reation of the twenty-eight territorial churches into son, that this group of the Church Christians or one united "Reichskirche" which is supposed to be "Young Reformers" have inherited achievements an independent church with scarcely more legal connection with the State than the free churches with little likelihood that they will succeed in of America. In Germany there is little of the reaching the estranged masses. Some of them widespread denominationalism so well known in may be regarded as reactionaries and opponents the United States. Thirty million Protestants are of the Hitler state-a very awkward position al- enrolled in the so-called "United Churches" (that most regarded as high treason. is churches in which Lutheran and Calvinistic The ruling group, or "Faith Movement of Gercongregations were united in one administrative body more than one hundred years ago). There man Christians," is hardly more than two years are also eight million orthodox Lutherans, two old, yet it has developed an unusual organizing power and has usurped a seventy-five per cent million Calvinists and other groups of Episcopal majority in all synods, church courts and other Methodists, Baptists, United Brethren, Christian official positions. They form an easy majority in Science, Mormons and others. This unification in the church, and their idealism and a strong power one "Reichskirche," though not the result of a leads them to make the best of their commanding [91 ]

position. Their program is good and the buoyant mind and soul of the ancient past is becoming vital nationalistic enthusiasm sweeping through all dis- again. Philosophers of the nationalistic move- tricts and classes calls for a similar movement in- ment will argue that after all the racial character side the Church. It is working according to the of the nation is finding its genuine expression in principle of communicating test tubes-when the definite types of ethical ideals and of national cus- water is rising in one tube it will rise correspond- toms and later superimposed religions, such Chris- ingly in the connecting tube also. tianity in the Teutonic tribes, have either subli- The great danger is that this spiritual revival mated that indestructible national ethic or have under nationalistic influence may mean a "nazi- seriously impaired and crippled it. Nobody will sation" of the Church, a leavening of the church be surprised that in Germany flaming nationalism life with the ideas and ideals of the Nazi state. has shown a racial trend so that groups have Take for example the application of the Aryan emerged who longingly look back across and be- paragraph to the pastors and other officers of the yond the Christian era to the almost forgotten church; or the attempts to dissolve Christian vague past. The heroic genius of the Nordic race youth organizations into the political "Hitler has a curious attraction for many young Nazis.

youth" ; or the attempts to eliminate the Old There are plenty of types and groups of attempted Testament from the Bible or even the crucifix reconstructions of the ancient German past. The from the altar. These are extremist demands of aim of some of these leaders is to constitute this the radical wing of the German Christians and German neopaganism in one or other form as they have already resulted in splits of the move- "the third confession" with equal right and possi- ment. Evidently the way of the German Chris- bilities side by side with Roman Catholicism and tians is not clear. Protestantism. It is not easy to say what is the These various groups are maintaining their relation of Christianity to this modern national church connection and are basing their program socialistic view.

on Christian foundations. Yet in a nationalistic These are some of the perplexities of the situa- revolution of such thorough-going character as the tion of the "Reichskirche" in the modern national National Socialist movement, it is easy to see that socialistic State. We are living in a period of more radical revolutions may develop. There are thorough-going revolution. Changes are as rapid enough parallels in other countries. In Persia as surprising, and everything seems to be in a the nationalism has attempted to revivify ancient state of flux. Yet after all the religious tradition Parsiism; in Turkey the legendary "grey wolf" of two thousand years of church history and the is getting new sympathies. Usually the religious memory of the Reformation is strongly in favor conceptions are lost sight of in the ethical move- of the decidedly Christian and Evangelical char- ment. The subconscious ethical structure of the acter of the German church of the future.

HOW A GREAT WORK BEGAN The Rev. Charles H. Posnett, the Medak missionary who has had such a remarkable work among the caste people of India, tells the following story: Miss Harris, on a jungle expedition to villages in Hyderabad State, encountered a very old man begging her to do something for a sick man on a litter. No response had come from years of work in that district by Dr. Posnett, his sister and Miss Harris. Here was a man dying of cholera. She reasoned: "If I do any- thing for him and he dies people will say that I have poisoned him."

Nevertheless she did not resist the call of human need. She tended him, knowing he was dying, doing all the disagreeable things a nurse has to do for a cholera patient there in the jungle. The villagers came around and, pointing at her scornfully, said: "She must have been a scavenger" (the lowest occupation known in India).

The man died, and Miss Harris received no thanks from anybody. She was avoided and criticized and thought, "I have done more harm than good." But six months later the old man came to see Dr. Posnett and called to his memory that night: "I heard the scornful remarks about her being a scavenger. It was wonderful that she should go through all that to help my son who was dying. I have now brought all my family. We want to have the religion that could make her do that."

That was the beginning of the great mass movement in which these Indian outcastes have become so sure of Christ that they are making a tremendous impression on caste people so that they too are coming to Christ. They see that the outcastes who become Christians have the same principle of life and service as Miss Harris revealed.

Dnyanodaya.

Indian Ashramas*

-o!fl By N. }OARDAR, M.A., Lucknow Coll.g. II~ A SHRAMAS are growing in number in India. Our society is full of ills out of gear. Its prob- In 1930 I heard of seven of them; last April, lems are many and complicated. Their solution I came to know of nineteen, of which eight presupposes close observation, collection of facts, are only a year old. What makes them grow so analysis, formulation of a hypothetical solution fast? What function do they discharge? and then bold experimentation. It needs above all In ancient India, the ashrama denoted the four- clear, sincere thinkers who have a message to give.

ford division of ljfe-studentship, householder's But a man who has a message to impart has to life, retirement, and life of sharing and teaching. accept the twofold challenge of the day; firstly, After initiation, at the age of eight or ten, boys he has to demonstrate that it is practicable; sec- repaired to the house of a teacher and lived the ondly, he has to prove that he is sincere. The life of discipline, controlling their tongues, stom- former implies that he should show the usefulness achs, and arms. Spending at least twelve years in of his message by trying it, with a group of peo- the guru's home and vigorously studying the dif- ple under more or less normal social conditions, ferent branches of knowledge, the youthful stu- while the latter involves that the preacher him- dent left the gurukul to marry and start life on his self must practice what he is willing to preach.

own account, while the more studious ones kept on If the first condition is not satisfied, the message following their lone quest. is ruled out by the sceptically minded as fantastic The Aryan householder, in the second stage of and when the second is not fulfilled, the charge of life was enjoined to live not for himself but for insincerity is brought to the door of the preacher.

God and His creation. When his children grew The institution of the ashrama lends itself to the up and were able to take care of themselves, he re- effective preaching of a message today. The entired with his wife from the active management of thusiastic earnestness of the people who gather in his home to the outskirts of the forest to watch the an ashrama together with that of the people who actions of his offspring and pray for himself and come to share, insures the condition of sincerity, the world. while the scrutiny of a strong group, along with This life of watching and praying in the third the practical success achieved in the working of stage was succeeded soon by the fourth when the the program in an ashrama, satisfies the ques- Aryan retired with his wife to the heart of the tion of practicability. Thus people who have a forest to live in leafy huts, meditating and impart- message to give start with an ashrama today. ing truth to the friends and students who gathered round him. Tagore has one at Shantiniketan, Gandhi at Sa- barmati, Aurobindo Ghose at Pondicherry; Va- This was the conception of the ashrama in the swani at Rajpur; Jack Winslow at Poona; Stanley heroic age of India. It expressed a view of life J ones at Sat-Tal.

which was ultimately based on spiritual values. An ashrama is not a medireval monastery. Its Life spent in the forest was the climax for which usefulness in the modern world increases with the every other stage existed. Naturally, within a emphasis it lays on practice along with the inshort time, the word ashrama came to indicate the tellectual comprehension and mental vision of the fourth stage in life, given to quiet meditation and solution of a problem. An ashrama should deal realization of God. In course of time, the mean- with real problems, with the whole of life. The ing took a material form and came to denote a danger is, the ashrama has a tendency to assimilsylvan retreat, a place of meditation. ate to the old monkish ideal of asceticism and monasticism which has to be closely guarded When I think of an ashrama, I look for a place against. Withdrawn from the work-a-day probof quietness and natural beauty for they induce lems of life, absorbed in the contemplation of abcontemplation and thought of God. But more than struse things, the pull towards medirevalism is that I think of an eager band of people who are great. The ashrama should face the real probgiven to that form of life. It is the human interest lems of life as the corrective to this gravitating that dominates my conception of an ashrama.

• From The Indian Witness, August 3, 1933. force .

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No ideal "is greater than the ideal of building itual values. It is above all a place of ceaseless the Kingdom of God in the world. It challenges prayer and infinite strivings. our artistic, scientific and commercial activities, both social and personal. It calls forth all our How is an ashrama to be financed? An ashfaculties to examine the different values of life. rama ought to be self-supporting and self-propa- It deals with real problems. It gives scope to the gating. But in the beginning it has to be endowed. dreams of a visionary and the practical idealism A few acres of land should be an adjunct to an of a far-sighted statesman. Above all, it is the ashrama. The inmates should work. " Some will center and core of the teachings of Christ. farm, some will teach the children, the rest will do some other useful work in the colony. The The building of the Kingdom of God is to me ideal ashrama is a self-contained unit. It should the ideal that should be kept before every ashrama. be able to supply the simple needs of the colonists A group living together, accepting Christ as the as far as possible. It may even supply the wider center and measure of things, and trying to solve needs of other people. No work is unwholesome the problems of life as they present themselves, to an ashrama. Every work is God's work if based honestly and courageously, in the light of the on spiritual values. The ashrama should preach teachings of the Master-this is the vision I have the dignity of labor and spiritualize it. of a Christian ashrama. Now comes the information that Mahatma The ashrama not only deepens one's Christian Gandhi's Ashram at Sabarmati has been disconviction in life, but it also effectively spreads it. banded, without any previous warning. No ade- It is an instrument of evangelism. It has been quate reason has been given and it may be taken pointed out already that the acharyya (instructor) for granted that Gandhiji has reached the conreflects the glory of the master. People, corning clusion that at present this Ashram served no very in touch with Christ and in contact with one an- well defined purpose. Gandhiji has been able to other, kindle the flame of their lives and grow in spend very little time at his Ashram for a number spirit. Thus the ashrama colony soon becomes of years 'and it is impossible for anyone to cona tingle with a new light, a new vision. Life be- duct an Ashram effectively except the one who gets life. It never remains confined within nar- has been led to found it. Many are willing to imrow limits. The spirit of the ashrama spreads. mitate Gandhiji in his every attitude and action New conversions are made; fresh groups are but imitation does not produce life. formed. Thus the ideal of building a newer and braver world progresses. Thus an ashrama effec- This act will be a severe blow to the Ashram tively evangelizes. method of social and religious work. Mr. Gandhi himself has said that he expects each inmate of The evangelistic method of an ashrama is con- his Ashram to become "a walking Ashram." centric. The message goes from the leader to the These 'walking Ashrams' are to be responsible for group; the group spreads it to newer and wider "realizing the Ashram ideal" wherever they may circles. The message thus spreads in ever-widen- be. He also is reported to have said that breaking ing circles. This is the special method of India up the Ashram and scattering the members abroad and probably has a justification in the considera- "would be greater incentive to greater effort, tion of methods of evangelism in this country. greater dedication and greater sacrifice." Does Hinduism is deeply entrenched. Thousands of this mean that his Ashram has been a school for years have encrusted its shell. Whirling cam- training and that now those who are trained need paigns produce a ripple on the surface in India; no further guidance but are to be sent forth to and soul remains undisturbed. Qualitative work exert their influence upon others by "realizing the is needed to effectively preach the message, spe- Ashram ideal"? If, as we have been told, the cially, to the educated upper classes. An ashrama Ashram method is a complete answer to all our problems in social and religious work, then w~ is a helpful instrument in this respect. may well ask why the premier Ashram should be disbandoned. An ashrama is thus a colony of men and women, living in a quiet place and solving the problems Service is not primarily a matter of technique of life as they arise in their lives. It is a place but of self-sacrificing devotion. Plenty of folks in where frankness, sincerity and humility are the the world are willing to run around seeking new essential conditions. It is a powerhouse of intel- and miracle-working methods. The sacrificial delectual and spiritual strength that flows into hu- votion which has produced results in the face of man lives when they are surrendered to God. It unlimited difficulties is what the world needs tois an abode of peace where nature brings quiet- day as it has always needed. The 'Ashram ideal,' ness and beauty to enrich human conceptions of the 'Ashram method,' are nothing in themselves life and death. It is a place where the daily prob- when separated from self-sacrificing devotion that lems of our world are lifted to the plane of spir- is not concerned with imitation or with popularity.

Ways of

rr'ested Metlwds for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~,–=–==–===—=================~,,~ A SUMMONS TO THE The Atmosphere ment or a side room of the PRAYER LIFE Ruth Esther Wheaton, writ- church, offers a resisting barrier The approach of the World ing in The New York Christian to the sense of worship. When Day of Prayer (February 16th) Advocate under the caption of that is true, bring in rugs, floor brings us anew not only to the "Think on These Things," says: matter of adequate preparation lamps and flowers to make the for that service and for mission- "In planning the devotional ary devotionals in general but to service, the leader should re- place more attractive. Then the paramount necessity for member that women' coming undergirding all our endeavor from various types of homes have lighted candles on the table with prayer. The dynamic of bring diversified experiences to or a picture of the Christ or the meeting. Their minds are some symbol to focus the atten- tion and lend help in guiding the thoughts.

the Master's life, the practice full of their own affairs. Some The Music through which He invariably come flurried and out of breath tapped the reservoir of power trying to keep up with an over- "Music is a rich medium for for service or redemptive suffer- crowded program. Others are helping to create atmosphere.

ing, must not be allowed to de- filled to the brim with thoughts Quiet music may be employed generate into an accepted form of their aches and pains, real with telling results as an apfor opening a religious meeting and imaginary. A few may or shunted into second place carry in their hearts ill will and proach to the devotional lesson whenever life crowds heavily resentment more fatal than the to further the mood and the deupon us. Our present spiritual ill health. . . . . . . If the spiritual sire for prayer. A wise choice depression has a complexity of needs of this group are to be must be made of the hymns to sources, but the tap root of them met, the women must grow calm be sung. Every devotional servall is the neglect of the practice and relaxed. Rushing into the ice should be built around a of the presence of God. The devotional hour with no prep- theme, with all factors in accord combined creative activity of all aration of the heart and mind so that there is some relationthe political economists in ship between the different parts Christendom cannot bring real will leave them mere listeners or of the devotions. Hymns should prosperity amidst this tangle of onlookers. The task is to unify be selected that will aid in the problems old and new until we the thinking of this group and to carrying on of the thought. open the clogged channels of di- bring a sense of the presence of vine wisdom and power to blaze God, which after all is the real · ….. Last – minute hun tin g a trail to a more Christlike social purpose of a worship service. through a hymn book for a song will seldom result in a happy "A reverent atmosphere is es- order. Why talk of restoration sential. But this atmosphere is contribution to the program.

or return of prosperity? We an elusive thing. It is sensitive. · ….. Very often our singing is never have been a "Christian It is subject to change. It is meaningless because we have nation" or had a social order re- perishable. . ….. If it is pro- dropped the stanzas containing motely approaching the ideals of tected and not shattered by ir- the heart of the thought ….. .

the master Economist of them relevant matter it will adhere Sometimes a careless announce- all. This "new deal" will have and continue its inspiration in ment that we will sing the first to be prayed as well as planned memory. . ….. It is well to and last stanzas of a hymn may and worked through. So be it make a ruling that no one is to mean a repetition of the same clearly understood that none of be admitted into the room dur- words. . ….. We defeat one of the following suggestions for de- ing the devotions. If the meet- the purposes of singing if we do votionals will be more than me- ing is in a home where doors not use familiar tunes ….. .

chanical devices unless they are cannot be closed, let someone be 'Study the hymn book' is sound energized by spiritual power and stationed at the outer door to advice to the devotional leader.

met half way with the recep- warn late-comers to be silent. · ….. Prayer hymns make an tivity of recognized need for "Sometimes the meeting place, effective beginning for the Divine Wisdom. if it happens to be in the base- prayer season."

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Planning the Meeting dramatized, if reverentially han- 3. Why? The Wise Men, to wor- dled. A correspondent writes: ship; the frightened disciples, for A service leaflet by the Wom- safety; the lepers, for healing; the Wanting to feature the book "Prayer sisters, for comfort; the thief, for an's Board of The United and Missions," by Helen Barrett Mont- salvation; Simon and his companions, gomery, we selected five women to rep- for others. They had already found Lutheran Church says in sub- resent, respectively, the Spirit of Mis- Him for salvation, for healing, for sions, the Spirit of Service, the Spirit safety and companionship. Now their stance: of Love and the Spirit of Prayer. To quest is for another purpose-for make attractive tableaux, they were others. Their first word on finding "Choose carefully those who simply draped in white, light blue, Him is, "Master, all men seek Thee." take part in the program. corn color, rose and lilac or grey re- spectively. The Spirit of Missions Having found Him daily for our Prayer week is not a place for summoned the others to give a record own comfort, companionship and heal- of the women of the churches during ing, we need most of all to find Him practice. The feeling of un· the past year in their endeavor for for others; for consciously or uncon- missions. The Spirit of Giving told of sciously they do want Him or what He broken "together-communion" is the League of Tithers, of sacrificial only can give. We are in danger of giving, drives and other ways of rais- neglecting this as we rush from one helped by omission of names of ing missionary funds. The Spirit of meeting, conference, committee to anindividuals giving word and song Service described White Cross work, other, forgetting in our multiplicity missionary boxes and barrels filled, lo- of occupations that we must follow messages. Have printed slips cal needs supplied, etc. The Spirit of closely ourselves if we would proffer announcing meetings or an- Love told of friendly contact with Him to others. That is what our mis- New Americans. The Spirit of Prayer sionary work means-Christ for nouncements after close of meet- very mee~ly said she could tell noth- others, in our home, our community, ing. Leaders making their own ing that she had done but wished to our country, our whole wide world. meditations and providing their tell what the Lord had done in answer This ideal gives a glow and a value to own material for prayer will to prayer, her part being gleaned from all tasks-raising money, reaching recognize the value of using the Chapter 3 of the book. Then she sum- strangers, teaching, awakening the in- Scripture given; of simple, di- moned missionaries, Orientals, etc., different-all efforts at extending His rect messages; of positive, con- who gave instances of wonderful an- Kingdom. structive material; of making swers to prayer taken from Chapters music and all parts of the serv- 4 and 5. At the close the spirits Making Money Talk ice into a unity; of reverent agreed that the Spirit of Prayer had rendition. Short periods of accomplished more than all of them Next to the matter of spiritual silence properly placed deepen combined could have done without her. enlargement, the greatest quesdevotional feeling. . ….. Pre- tion confronting our missionary vious to meetings, mail or deliver A Good Devotional Service organizations today is that of topic announcement slips to all finances. It cries out like a shut-ins. Urge them and all "Finding the Mas t e r" is hungry wolf at the door of every who cannot attend in person to abridged from a service of that board room and every treasread Scripture and pray daily title in a set of six devotional urer's office. Many who formerly during the week." outlines published by the Baptist stood like Gibraltar for spiritual- Board of Missionary Coopera- ized benevolences versus com- Miss Grace Jessop, of Petos- tion. It may be expanded into mercialized plans have apparkey, Michigan, sends this ap- an effective keynote talk or as- ently been driven into retreat by preciation of THE REVIEW: signed in its subdivisions to sev- economic necessity. It is not for "During the services on the eral speakers who furnish the· us to dictate the details; but we World Day of Prayer, to fill in entire program. can at least insist on giving a the empty spaces, we used ar- spiritual atmosphere and content ticles on the different countries Scripture: Mark 1: 21-38. for every device used in church from THE MISSIONARY REVIEW 1. Where? The Wise Men found finances. The following excerpts magazines of last year, taken Him in a manger; His parents in the from. many sources may prove from the public library. As Temple; the lepers, on the common suggestive in accomplishing this. there were to be prayers for cer- highway; the disciples, on the stormtain countries, we would have a tossed sea; Mary and Martha, in their Programs on money in "The five-minute article on each of home of sorrow; the thief, on the Window of Y. W. A." (Young these precede the prayer. Many cross; two of His disciples, at a Women's Auxiliary) of the remarked that they enjoyed the humble supper table; Simon and his Women's Board in the Southern program." This is as it should companions, in the early morn a great Baptist Convention, mention the be – informed instead of rote while before day, in a solitary place, use of: prayers to conform with a pro- praying. Is there anything we need gram. Certain women's circles more in all our work than to find the Posters: "Money – a Force" follow the custom of giving out Master? -sketch of large pile of money a topic at each monthly meeting 2. How? The Wise Men found Him or cut-out pictures of same to be investigated or studied so by a long journey; the disciples by pasted on cardboard, with the that all may come to the ensuing fear of shipwreck; the lepers, wearily question, "What Can It Do?" meeting prepared to pray intel- waiting by a dusty roadside; the followed by time and place ligently about the person, field thief, in bodily pain and anguish; where one may find out. Or or movement to be considered. Simon and his companions, by follow- fasten a coin to a poster and ing after Him. Is there any way by print, "Is It Yours? Enter Devotional services other than which we as missionary workers can claim at (time and place)." those on the World Day of find Him save by following after Him? Prayer may occasionally be And is it not true that the closer we follow the more quickly and surely we find Him?

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Programs: Three members Money" (Mary with her ala- ture, "The Hope of the World," give talks on "Money-a Force," baster box, the rich young ruler, this being also the subject of the a fourth impersonating money and the widow with her mite) ; sketch. Summoning boys and and being claimed in turn by the injunctions to giving, etc. Bible girls of Britain and a variety of three for evil, for good and for teachings about money might foreign lands, he appeals to them the Kingdom. Or a trial of center around the three ques- to spread the message of the picmoney may be arranged with ac- tions: ture in order to rally new workcusation that "money is evil" ers for the Lord Jesus Christ. and witnesses called for prose- "Why isn't this money in my While its music, I written in the cution and defense. Or have a hand mine?" English Sol – F a symbolism, debate on the proposition that a would be unfamiliar to us in Christian's use of money is a "May I not keep it stored America, its message is univerfair test of his religious profes- away for awhile?" sal and awakens hearty resp~nse. sion. Topics for elaboration The sketch is suitable for mismay be: "How must I give?" sion bands and Sunday school "Thought Questions" are con- (1) "How Money Talks," one sidered thus: gatherings.* A free program impersonator saying, "Hold me and I will, etc."; another, Turn out all lights except a on "The Band of Hope and the "Spend me for self-indulgence strong flashlight or spotlight World Outlook" gives excellent and I will make you, etc."; a trained on a blackboard or temperance programs for six third saying, "Give me away for poster on which the following months. the benefit of others and I will appear in turn, one minute bereturn in streams of spiritual ing permitted for consideration Capitalizing February: The revenue to your soul," etc. of each topic: month lends itself to services featuring patriotism, birthdays, (2) "Examining a S i I v e r If you ever have wealth what an adaptation of valentines, etc. Dollar" – explaining how the will you do with it? How do One missionary organization date on a dollar held up to the you know that you will ? writes that it held its February audience shows how many years meeting in connection with a have passed since Jesus came to Salvation is God's gift to you chureh dinner, with puzzles the world and gave the Great but its increasing value to you written in white ink on red, Commission; the word "liberty" will be largely determined by the heart-shaped cards and laid at suggests texts expressing Jesus' price you pay to demonstrate its the plates as ice-breakers and proclamation of liberty to those power in world salvation. relishes during the meal. The bound in sin; the laurel wreath puzzles were all based on the calls to mind the crown that Will you rearrange your life names of well-known missionshall not fade away; the words, activities, your expenditures, in aries of the denomination, little "In God We Trust" make us the light of the Great Com- clews or additional facts about think of "Lo, I am with you al- mission? the names played upon being way"; the eagle suggests those added. Here are some samples: For Christ's sake help thy fellow men, (1) One who makes bread. who shall have their strength re- And make thy gold thy vassal, not thy What is his field? (Baker, in newed day by day; "E pluribus India.) (2) Perhaps -long in unum" (from man y- 0 n e) king. Africa. (Dr. Katherine Mabie.) stands for the unity of all na- (3) A builder in stone. (W. G. tions in Christ; the bunch of Timely Tidbits Mason.) arrows in one foot of the eagle makes us think of the speed with The Christian Mission in The ensuing missionary toasts which the Gospel message should America, by Hugh T. Kerr were in valentine terminology. be broadcast; and the olive (cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents), The parallel between Washingbranch in the other foot typifies is characterized as "a great book ton and Lincoln, as American the way in which every Chris- for preachers written by a great patriots, and such world statestian should be a messenger of preacher." In addition to its men among missionaries as Livpeace. use in study classes and discus- ingstone, Paton, Judson, etc., is sion groups, it may well become easily worked out if the patriotic (3) "World Traveling Dol- the basis for sermons which aim keynote is to be taken. lars" would be a good topic for to present the great issues facan address on the fields to which ing the Church today, showing Growing Old our missionary money goes, or how the Gospel has transformed the manner in which it is sub- individuals and renewed society Let us grow lovely growing old; divided for the support of a co- wherever it has been presented So many fine things to do. operative plan. and "challenging the Church to undertake with deeper devotion Laces and ivory and gold and silks A good devotional service may and united strength the Chris- Need not be new. include Bible readings on the use tian mission in America." or abuse of money: "Three New And there is healing in old trees, Testament Characters and Their Rev. Watcyn M. Price, Or- Old streets a glamour hold; ganizing and Traveling Secre- tary for Foreign Missions in the Why may not I, as well as these, Presbyterian Church of Wales, Grow lovely growing old? has published a dramatic mis- sionary sketch for children cen- • c. M. Book Agency, Caernarvon, Wales. tering upon the celebrated pic- Price, three pence.

~' ~

i BULLETIN OF I I The Council of Women for Home Missions : I ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK !

~"=============I~ Pray for the peace of Jerusalem. tenance. In the times of eco- By Courtesy of Religio'lS nomic depression, prayer for Are we praying for peace? these special groups of children J[o.t-ion Pictu'J-c Foundation. When? How? and young people has increased. The offerings have decreased YAKIMA RESERVATION, VASHINGTON Are we acting for peace? somewhat. It has been reported When? How? before in these columns how in captive orphan children of the some lands fruits and vegetables Apaches with whom they fought The Trail Is Beautiful. Be and the like ( … such as I have, and won. Papago mothers re- Still. I give you) have been dedicated ceiving the children and caring and then sold in order to realize for them made a song which The old man, with his face still the money gift. was: serene after years of hardship, smiled at his little Chipmunk. The four missionary enter- Men shouting "brother," "Repeat the words I have taught prises, thus maintained, are Men shouting "brother," you, shi yazhi. Repeat them Christian Literature for Chil- Among the mountains they have every morning when you greet dren of Other Lands, Christian the sun. Repeat them now." Service Among Children of Mi- taken little Apache children grant Laboring Families, Union where the sun went down in Na Nai said in a low voiee: Christian Colleges of the Orient, sorrow, and Religious Work in United All women, what shall we do to Put your feet down in peace. States Indian Schools. realize this? Put your hands down in peace. Put your head down in peace. THE INDIAN AMERICAN -Source Unknown. Then your feet are peaceful. TODAY Then your hands are peaceful. CHRISTIAN LITERATURE Your body is peaceful. We of the Church who work Your mind is peaceful. with the Indian Americans are How happy are the little chil- Your voice is peaceful. learning that ours must be a dren in our land for whom there For, my children, remember this, ministry to the whole person- are story books, picture books, The trail is beautiful. Be still. ality-the religious education of children's magazines and li- an individual is a process of braries; but in many lands there "Yes, the trail is beautiful," growth within. Our pattern for is no such provision for the hapsaid uncle, "even though there this is "the beauty and grace of piness of little children. So we are rocks which crush the seeker the Lord Jesus Christ." Weare who have known the joys of of light, reeds that cut him to working with the Indian as a libraries and books are providpieces, cactus that grows thick unified self, knowing that his re- ing for the publication of thirlike forests, to tear with its ligious education may not be teen magazines in eleven differthorns, and terrible boiling separated from his family life, sands that engulf. Even though his tribe, health conditions, opthere be dangers like these, still portunities for recreation as well the trail is beautiful." (p. 193.) as education, economic and mental well-being. As Protes- Quoted by permission of Longmans, Green tant groups we endeavor to make & Co., from "Dark Circle of Branches," b,' a united approach to Indian Laura Adams Armer. youth in the government day and boarding schools in a religious In the observance of the education program suited to World Day of Prayer, there is their various needs, and desires place for free-will offerings and dreams. which by agreement of church women promoting the observ- Sorrows of Mothers ance of the Day are designated for missionary enterprises, two Long time ago Papago Indian in the homeland and two in other warriors returned with little lands. This has been done for enough years to make each of [98 ] the enterprises dependent in part on these gifts for main-

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

GIRLS REPRESENTING NATIONS, DAY OF PRAYER, 1933 UNNECESSARY Taken in Front of the Church SUFFERING Dr THE PANJAB MISSION "The case that caused greatest concern was a little child of five Key to snapshot, reading from left to right: years of age. She had a badly contracted knee which was prob- Standing: England, China, Africa, South America, Japan, Europe, North American In- ably of tubercular origin. The dian, Islam (in burqa), Spain, India, knee had been bad for some two years, had only been to a doctor Seatecl: Maori, Eskimo. MRS. J. H. ORRISON. once when it started and he 'put medicine on it,' evidently to keep ent languages and many books been built; the colleges have in- it draining. The child could that the children in mission creased in enrollment and have scarcely touch her toes to the lands may have wholesome and broadened in scope. They have ground and walked with the aid helpful reading. Bible stories been strengthened by the leader- of a crutch that was about five are in demand. The children of ship they have produced. inches too short for her. An orthe Philippines want a maga- thopedic surgeon in San Franzine. The mothers of Persia are SCHOOL GIRLS IN INDIA cisco became interested when he asking for a manual on child heard of the case and arranged care. There are priceless oppor- Twelve girls represented the hospitalization for her. He tunities for the expansion of this nations. Each held in her hand agreed to do the necessary surwork. A book or magazine can a small candle. A large clock gery without cost to the parents. carry the Christian message face made of cardboard was set Everything possible was done to where a missionary cannot go. in front of the pulpit. On a save the foot and leg, but in table were set a small globe, an January her leg was amputated UNION CHRISTIAN COL- open Bible and a tall lighted above the knee. LEGES OF THE ORIENT candle. A bell was used to strike the hours. The minute hand re- "She came through the second The story of the Seven Union mained at twelve. At the stroke operation very well, but contin- Christian Colleges of the Orient of one on the bell the hour hand ued to run a temperature. An is well known to the women of was set forward to one o'clock examination revealed an abscess America, who have followed and the globe turned so that the in the other hip. The attitude with interest the organization of light of the candle shone on that of the family had been very fine the colleges, five of them during part of the world where the day war years and two as they have begins, the islands of the South CHILD OF A MIGRANT FAMTLY developed from high schools over Sea. A girl representing the San Joaquin Valley, 1933 a period of twenty-five years. primitive people of those islands They are graduating more than (Maori) with tousled out hair throughout. Since they have 200 young women each year, and and grass skirt, came forward left the camp, they have correthe influence they exert is felt and lighting her small candle at sponded with me and expect to throughout the Orient. the large one on the table, she go to 'peas' in the section where turned to the congregation and I shall be. What suffering could The story of the campaign said, "Jesus says, Follow Me." have been avoided if there had when the women ~ of America She then went and stood in front been a nurse to follow up the raised two million dollars and on one side, holding her lighted case two years ago!" claimed a third million from the candle. La u r a Spellman Rockefeller H. EVA BARNES, R. N. Fund to secure buildings and A few words, or some special equipment for these colleges is fact was mentioned about each equally familiar. The years country in turn, and short have passed; the buildings have prayers were offered.

young women were graduated letters have come expressing deep con-

from the Karen Woman's Bible cern for the cause and enclosing from Missions on the Air School more than 500 have fol- one to five dollars. lowed in their steps. During the A world-wide radio hook-up, last twenty-five years the num- 3. There were some large gifts. One destined to reach Eskimo land ber of b apt i zed Christians of $25,000 was made directly to the as well as the African jungle, among the Garos of Assam has board-$20,000 for the support of mishas been arranged in the inter- grown from 4,000 to 15,000. sionaries and $5,000 for an institution. ests of Christian missions in the There are now 325 churches Another friend gave $7,000; another Eastern and Western hemi- among these people. The Wom- $2,650. One person, not a Methodist, spheres. Four Protestant de- an's Hospital, Suifu, We s t sent $5,000. nominations – Baptist, Method- China, is 1,800 miles from the ist, Presbyterian and United coast and was established fifteen 4. Drastic reductions in expendi- Presbyterian–cooperate in Sun- years ago. It is estimated that tures during the year helped balance day night broadcasts on the 173,315 Chinese have come in the budget. Every missionary and fourth Sunday of each month, contact with this Christian in- every officer and worker at headquar- November 26 to May 27, from stitution. ters, in addition to drastic salary cuts, Station KDKA, Pittsburgh, (11: relinquished one month's salary. 30 to 12: 30 E. S. T.) Informa- Y. P. S. C. E. tion regarding missions is given 5. The closing of work, especially in to home constituencies and per- "There are over 80,000 Chris- Europe, has made it possible to sell sonal messages from friends and tian Endeavor societies in the property and apply the proceeds to relatives in this country are. in- world today," says Carlton M. previous debts. cluded to the m iss ion a r i e s Sherwood, general secretary, abroad. Each program is ap- "In the last two years 2,300 have On the mission field there has been proximately one hour long and been organized. China has 1,200. curtailment of personnel and of work includes a brief worship service, The number in New Zealand has to the point of slowing down the whole an address and messages to mis- increased ten f 0 I d in eight missionary program. At home an outsionaries. years." From the International pouring of generous gifts by churches Society's headquarters, there are and individuals, plus drastic cuts in Forty-nine Facts now being issued "Youth Train- expenditures, and considerable pay- ing Courses," covering not only ments of debts through property sales, The Northern Baptist Foreign the societies' technical methods are helping to win through with a bal- Mission Society has issued a but also "Recruiting youth for anced budget. folder containing 49 brief mis- Christ," "Recreational Leadersionary facts about their work ship," and "Social Issues"-love -The Christian Advocate. in distant fields. They report and· marriage, alcohol, race prej- 681 missionaries and 10,514 na- udice, the economic system, and NORTH AMERICA tive workers. Their churches in peace or war. non-Christian lands number 3,- The Menace of Communism 112 of which sixty-six per cent How to Balance a Budget are self-supporting. The total Communism's rapid developmembership is 328,126. There Dr. Ralph E. Diffendorfer, ment in the United States is not are still 610,000 villages in India corresponding secretary of the generally realized. So serious without a resident Christian. Methodist Episcopal Board of have been its political activities The American Baptist Telugu Foreign Missions, was asked that the House of Representa- Mission was established in 1835, what brought this Board within tives created a special commisand plans are being made for the reach of a balanced budget. He sion to investigate its character celebrating of the centennial. replied: and propaganda, and special There are 55,822 pupils under hearings were held in all parts Christian instruction in Baptist 1. Increased number of World Serv- of the United States. The Comschools in the Belgian Congo. ice offerings in the closing month of mission reported that "the sur- Last year 18,000 patients were the fiscal year. The October, 1933, in- est and most effective way of treated in Shaohing Hospital in come was only 6% % below that of combating communism is to give China. Since the first nine October, 1932. the fullest publicity to the fun- damental principles and aims of 2. A large number of people have the communists, which are the made small but sacrificial gifts. Many same throughout the world." These principles are: [100 ] 1. Hatred of God and all forms of religion.

2. Abolition of private prop- erty and inheritance.

3. Absolute social and racial equality; promotion of hatred of capitalistic classes.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

4. Revolutionary propaganda, initiating positive action in the great Plans for Methodist Union stirring up communist activities work of proclaiming the Gospel of in foreign countries in order to Christ, and surrounding it with every Plans for the consolidation of cause strikes, riots, sabotage, circumstance of compelling, constrain- the three great divisions of the and civil war. ing, convicting and converting power. Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States are to be dis- 5. Destruction of democratic The primary furpose of this pro- cussed at the sesquicentennial at or representative governments, gram is spiritua enrichment through Baltimore next October. The including civil liberties, such as a unified effort without any i~crease Board of Bishops has announced freedom of speech, of the press, of machinery, personnel or budget. It plans for consideration of the of assembly and trial by jury. is an effort to use all the machinery proposal to merge the Methodist and all the forces we now have in our Episcopal Church in America, great denomination. the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and the Methodist Prot- 6. The final objective is by Back-to-Church Movement estant Church. Leaders of these means of world revolution to es- three branches and representatablish the dictatorship of the Under this name an organiza- tives of thirteen other Methodist so-called proletariat into one· tion has been effected with na- groups will attend the celebraworld union of soviet socialist tion-wide membership. Its head- tion, which commemorates the republics with the capital at quarters are in New York. It is founding of the denomination in a united movement of Roman this country by Bishop Francis Moscow. Asbury and Bishop Coke in 1784. In a word, its objectives are Catholics, Protestants and Jews, the abolition of other govern- and it has among supporters a Bible Society Anniversary ments, private ownership of large number of eminent minproperty, inheritance, religion isters and laymen in all these The American Bible Society communions, including s tat e recently celebrated its one hunand family relations. governors, congressmen and dredth anniversary of beginning -D. J. Fant. Bible work in China. During the other civil officials as well as last 100 years the Society has spent $2,897,383 in printing and Call to Spiritual Awakening leading ecclesiastics. The move- distributing 70,000,000 volumes ment is being publicized as "one of the Christian Scriptures in the Chinese language. A great spiritual awakening of the greatest efforts ever put throughout the Presbyterian forth by laymen in this country Dr. John R. Mott, vice-presi- Church, U. S. A. is the hope of in the interest of the Church." dent of the society; Dr. Eric M. the Presbyterian General Coun- The program of publicity in- North, one of the general secre- cil from a promotional endeav- cludes the use of the radio, daily taries, and Dr. T. Z. Koo, of the or, launched by the Moderator, press, magazines, church peri- national committee of the Y. M. Dr. John McDowell, in a mes- odicals, street car signs, bill- C. A. in China, spoke at the an- sage sent to 10,000 ministers. boards and a national mailing niversary dinner. in New York. The message reads: seal symbolizing the Church aft- Dr. Koo, a Chinese Christian, er the manner of the Blue Eagle; said that Christianity had The General Council's suggested the seal will be distributed brought to the people of China program for the quickening and en- throughout the country for past- a vital and personal religion richment of the spiritual life of the ing on the back of envelopes. which made it easy to describe churches is the response to certain Mass meetings will be held in the attributes of the spirit or of challenging facts in the present situa- many of the large cities. God. tion which are of vital importance to ministers of Christ, to the Church we -Presbyterian Banner. Indian Century of Progress love, and to the Kingdom we serve. A Presbyterian Merger Prompted by the Century of First, the supreme need of the hour Progress in its portrayal of the is spiritual power. Other needs, great The plan for the merger of past hundred years' achieve- as they are, sink into insignificance the Presbyterian Church in the ments, Miss Lucille Dewey, Bap- beside this challenging and imperative U. S. A. and the United Presby- tist missionary at Carson Indian need. It is true that our age has more terian Church of North America School in Stewart, Nevada, has comforts, but it lacks satisfaction; it is making definite progress. This been trying to discover the prog- has more ease, but it lacks peace; it plan will involve a combined ress of the Indian 'people in Ne- has more science, but it secretly hun- membership of 2,200,000. Rep- vada and the neighboring terri- gers for God in Christ. resentatives of the two denomi- tory during the last century. nations will suggest amend- They have changed from wan- Second, the time has come when as ments to the plan before it is dering tribes, living wherever a Church we must heal our divisions, voted upon at general assemblies food, water, shelter and friendly combine our resources, and unite our of each church in 1935. The relationships with neighboring forces in a unified, cooperative effort merged church is to be named to meet the spiritual needs of our day. the Presbyterian Church of North America. No changes Third, the present situation consti- are to be made in the form of tutes a great trumpet-call that is bid- government, in the spiritual • ding all who care about the present ideals or in doctrine, discipline world-wide crisis to rally to Christ, or worship. bidding them renew their hope, en- thusiasm and power at the one great Source, and then throw themselves heart and soul into a deeper and larg- er spiritual ministry for the regenera- tion of the individual, the nation and the world.

This is preeminently a time for tak- i)1g bol<1, strong, vigorous steps; ;for

peoples made it expedient, to a first or second grade. This esti- responsible for fine weather; people established in fairly per- mate was made two years ago and an evil one, who brings manent homes. Once the Indian by an American expert at the about bad weather and epidem- worshiped God as a Great Spirit request of the government, and ics. The Goajiras do not believe revealed through everything in since then the situation has be- that these spirits have any influ- life, and surrounded by many come even more serious. ence on their personal lives. As superstitions. Now the majority The Presbyterian Board of they never pray to them or try in this state have received the National Missions operates nine to propitiate them these spirits fuller revelation of God in the schools in Cuba, all being day can hardly be classed as gods. Bible and in Christ. Many have schools, with the exception of La They believe in a life after death, accepted Jesus as their Saviour Progresiva at Cardenas, which but not in another world. The and have left their old supersti- has a boarding department dead, they believe, continue to tions. The progress at the Car- drawing from the whole island. wander about the country they son School is shown by seventy- A reduced budget necessitates have lived in during life, but in six girls and boys who accepted curtailment, and the little school an invisible form. Christ as their personal Saviour at Sagua la Grande, with an enand were baptized. Formerly rolment of 70, has been closed. -New York Times.

only a few of the older children -Presbyterian Advance. Varginha Field, Brazil went to town to take commun- Varginha is the commercial ion, but last year nearly every Believers in Honduras and geographic center of a vast Protestant child abo v e the fourth grade took communion. On October 1, 1933, the small area in the southern part of the Some are inquiring what they .group of believers at Brus, Hon- great State of Minas Geraes, may do to help their own race. duras, were constituted a Chris- East Brazil, and has a popula- There has also developed a high- tian congregation. Two adults tion of approximately 250,000 and seven children were bap- people. A Presbyterian missioner standard of morality. -Watchman Examiner. tized, and two more adults ad- ary, A. L. Davis, writes of the mitted by confirmation. Of these progress and the needs of this The Negroes Progress four adult communicants two field. "Until 1921 there was no resi- For the past ten years the can read the Scriptures in Mis- dent missionary in this l;Lrea; kito. As yet there is no church general mission boards of all de- building, but a "doorkeeper" has some of the principal towns renominations have been gradual- definite responsibilities, seeing ly withdrawing white superin- that the place of meeting is ceived an occasional visit from clean; that there are enough missionaries and native pastors. tendency from missionary work seats; that Christians come to Twelve years ago there was only done among Negroes, as it was service clean in body, with hair one organized congregation and combed and, as far as possible in one Sunday school, belonging to felt that the best way to develop present circumstances, in suitleadership among the Negroes able clothing; that behaviour the "Christian" Church. Our during services is reverent. Still (Presbyterian) Mission was was to place on their shoulders later, the eight, communicants, the burden of responsibility. The with two from San Carlos on the asked to take charge of this Wangks River, one from Kruta, latest federal.census figures de- and one from Kaurkira, met for work and now we have three clare that the professional group the first celebration of the Lord's church buildings with organized Supper at Brus. congregations, eight Sunday among Negroes now numbers 104,711. This group is made up -Moravian Missionary. schools and abo u t twenty preaching points. Ten years ago of 54,439 school teachers, 25,034 Indians with No Religion ministers, 10,583 musicians and there was not more than six be- It has often been said that teachers of music, 5,728 trained even the most primitive and sav- lievers in the town of Lambary; nurses, 3,805 physicians and today we have a church with a surgeons, 2,146 college presi- lot on which to build a manse. dents and professors, 1,746 den- The adult membership of the tists, and 1,230 lawyers, judges church is 101, and 77 children and justices. were baptized in infancy. Two – Watchman-Examiner. years ago the Gospel had never LATIN AMERICA age of tribes have their religion, been preached in Dores da Boa but the Weston-Carr expedition, Esperanca. Now there are now exploring the Goajira Pen- twelve baptized converts, a large Cuba's Need for Schools insula in Colombia, has reported number of catechumens and Cuba, in the midst of political that the Goajira Indians have no scores of persons are regular in strife and economic depression, evidence of religion. They not their attendance at church and is not advancing rapidly with only have no priests, temples nor Sunday school services. Almost her educational problem. Only idols, but they reveal nothing as many towns and villages are 500,000 of her 'million children akin to these religious essentials. without the Gospel as those that of school age are enrolled in any They do believe in the existence hear it occasionally." -The Presbyterian. school; 250,000 of those are in of two spirits; one good, who is

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

EUROPE while another is stationed at Too Late Coming Bourgas on the Black Sea. Oth- Anti-Religious Congress ers work chiefly from village to Writing from Lusambo, Bel- village, on foot, with a donkey gian Congo, Rev. J. J. Davis, During the past summer there to carry the books. missionary of a g r 0 u p of was held in Paris, France, an churches in Kentucky and North Anti-Religious World Congress, -Bible Society RecoTd. Carolina, sends home this chalattended by 2,700 delegates from lenge: France, Spain, Holland, Bel- Russia and the Bible gium, England, Russia, the We must, as good soldiers of Christ, United States, and several South In the 1933 Report of the Brit- follow up the brave efforts of pioneers American republics. It was re- ish and Foreign Bible Society, who have gone before, and open the ported that there are now 1,800 under the title "Russia and Si- way for the evangelization of this peoanti-religious newspapers pub- beria," is the statement: "Once ple. Lift up your eyes and look upon lished in the world, 21 of which again we must report the impos- a hundred thousand souls with eager are issued in France; also that sibility of any circulation of the faces begging for the saving Gospel in the last few years the mem- Scriptures in Russia. As stated of Christ, thousands of children, who bership of these various anti- last year, it is illegal either to have no day school, to say nothing of religious organizations repre- print or circulate the Bible, or a Sunday school, thousands who have sented in this congress had in- indeed any religious book, in the been caught in the grip of unknown creased from five and a half Soviet Union. Though unable to diseases. millions to thirteen millions. work in Russia, the Bible So- ciety widely circulates the Scrip- Sometime ago a big, fine-looking Revival Gains Momentum tures among Russians in the young man sat on my veranda and Baltic States, in Poland, in startled me as he put the question In the Drone Valley of France, France and wherever Russian "Why did you people of God not come where the population is predom- refugees are to be found." to us sooner?" And before I could aninantly Protestant, is a some- swer he said, "My father used to say what loosely organized group of Its former reports show that that he believed there must be a great Protestant pastors and congre- in European Russia, for 1913. Creator back of all the wonderful gations. ·The chief town is Dieu- over 521,000 copies were circu- things we find in this beautiful world, lefit ("God Made It"), founded lated; in 1912, over 510,000; but my father died in the dark and by Huguenots. About ten years and over 482,000 copies in 1911. went out into the unknown world withago a new interest in religion out ever hearing of Christ the Saviour began to spread, originating in -The Presbyterian. of all mankind." regular monthly meetings of the pastors, most of them young AFRICA -Congregationalist. men in whose hearts was a deep longing for the power of God. A Challenge to Witch Doctors Endure Hunger for Christ The revival began in one village and spread rapidly to others. The Christian Council of the Sixty teachers who came into An annual convention has been Missions of West Africa are of- Mondombe, Central Africa, for established and a Bible school fering a reward of fifty dollars the "ekitelo" brought with them founded. Much attention is giv- to any witch who can eat a pa- 252 enquirers, many of them en to the distribution of evan- paw at a distance, remove an ob- young boys, some older men with gelical literature, and districts j ect from a locked box, or their wives, and one grandfafar removed from the Drone change anybody into a fish, bird ther. All have lived with, or Valley have been greatly influ- or beast. They hope to demon- near, teachers of their villages. enced by the movement.-Life strate that these witches are ut- and all the younger ones have of Faith. terly powerless to do what they been in school. Each afternoon claim. -Indian Witness. they were given special training Bibles for Bulgaria and later were examined by na- In God's Debt tive elders to be sure that they The eight colporteurs of the understood what they had been American Bible Society who When the church records in taught. One hundred and ninework full time in Bulgaria con- Tondo District, Belgian Congo, ty-five passed this examination tend with a great variety of ob- were read, Martha Nzali Nkoi and were baptized. The others stacles and persecution. In spite was mentioned with the nota- were advised to return with of modern railways they must tion: "In debt to God for twen- their teachers. use other means of travel in or- ty-seven months." During all der to reach all parts of their that time she had contributed Many enquirers came long disfield. One works exclusively in nothing to the work of the tances and could bring little food Sofia, another chiefly on trains Church, and it was considered with them, so at the end of the and at railway stations, thus time to count her out of active first week they began to commeeting people of all classes; fellowship. She was accordingly plain of being hungry. Local suspended until she squares her gardens could not supply food account. for all this crowd, so the elders were asked if it might not be a – Watchman-Examiner. good thing to advance the date set for baptisms, and allow them to go home at the end of the first week rather than the second. They replied that they would

think it over and announce their bearing the provisional name of tine. A million dollar Y. M. C. A. decision at the evening service. Universite. The old teaching in Jerusalem was dedicated It was decided that the baptisms body was discharged on July 31, during the Easter season. Jeruwould take place on the day scarcely a third being retained. salem now has paved streets, originally planned; they said, "If Thirty-eight foreign professors postal delivery, British police, there is anyone here who cannot were added, mostly of wide rep- traffic officers and a few buildendure hunger for two weeks for utation. At the beginning of ings with central heat. The Iraq the sake of the Saviour he is not every year each professor is Petroleum Company is rapidly worthy of baptism at;ld his faith bound to deliver a lecture sum- laying its pipes from ancient would not last if he were bap- ming up all the progress made Nineveh across the desert to tized." Not one left. in his particular field throughout modern Haifa on the Mediter- the world during the preceding ranean. Ten thousand men are -World Call. year, and to add his personal at work and are receiving large criticism. The new university is wages. A splendid harbor at Day of Prayer, South Africa composed of faculties of letters, Haifa is nearly completed. law, medicine and science, of the The following call to prayer schools of dentistry, pharmacol- A recent census of Palestine from the Prime Minister of the ogy and foreign languages and reveals that whereas Canada, Union of South Africa, was pub- of the institutes of Islamic re- during the years 1906-1911, lished among official "govern- s ear c h, Turcology, national added to her population at the ment notices" emanating from economy and socialogy, geog- rate of 298 per 10,000 every the department of the Prime raphy, morphology, chemis"try, year, Palestine surpassed it with Minister dated September 8, electro-mechanics and the Turk- an annual increase of 354 per 1933. ish Revolution. 10,000. The recent census re- corded a population of 1,035,821. Whereas most serious conditions -The Near East and India. Of these, 759,712 are Moslems, prevail in various parts of the Union 174,610 Jews, and 91,398 Chrisin consequence of the continued St. Sophia's Ohristian Art tians. The ancient sect of the drought and depression; Samaritans now numbers 182, Revealed an increase of 30 since 1922. And whereas an earnest desire Since 1922 the urban population widely exists that under the circum- The w 0 r k of uncovering of Jerusalem has increased by stances the people shall appeal to the Christian mosaics has been go- 44 per cent, Jaffa by 59 per cent, Almighty; ing on in the mosque of St. So- Haifa by 104 per cent, Tel Aviv phia, Istanbul. In two years the by 202 per cent. And whereas the Government, after whitewash and painted decora- -Dr. Zwemer, in The Presbyconsultation with the chief represen- tions which pious Moslems tatives of the principal churches, have spread over the Christian sym- terian. decided to call the people to humble bolism after taking possession prayer; of the former Christian edifice, School Proves Its Worth had been cleaned away from a Therefore I appoint Wednesday, large section of the walls by Although character building 20th September, 1933, (and for American director of the Byzan- is the chief aim at the Presbytechurches or congregations unable to tine Institute of America. Much rian Mission School in Hama, participate on that day, Saturday, more surface remains to be un- Syria, it was the only school in 23d September, for Hebrews, and Sun- covered, but the area now re- the city where every student who day, 24th, for Christian congrega- vealed presents a wide expanse took the recent government extions) to be observed as a day of hu- of extraordinary beauty and his- amination passed. One of the miliation and prayer; and I invite the toric significance. boys was given the highest ratpeople on that day to beseech Al- ing over students of other mighty God with the greatest possible In bringing to light these mo- schools. One of the girls in the unanimity to give relief from distress, saics, Mr. Whittemore is seeking highest grade conducted a vacaand further to evince towards Him to preserve what is left. He has tion Bible school in her home vilthat sincerity and humility, and to- had the constant support of the lage. Her father told a missionwards their neighbors that spirit of savants and rulers of the new ary that while his daughter had justice and love which He requires of Turkey. Ghazi Mustapha Kem- been the least promising of the us, and which alone can exalt our aI, President of Turkey, is fol- family who had gone to school, nation. lowing the work with keen inter- she had returned much more de- est. veloped than any of the others. -Presbyterian Advance. The formal unveiling of those -Presbyterian Advance. WESTERN ASIA already uncovered took place on November 5. INDIA Turkey's New Universite Palestine Today Unrest and Disconte~t The reorganization of Istanbul University is the most recent It is often stated that the de- One of the ablest of Indian of Turkish reforms. A Swiss pression has not reached Pales- women in active political life educator, M. Albert Malche, was called to Turkey as advisor, and acting upon his recommendations the National Assembly passed a bill abolishing the existing Is tan b u I University (called Darulfunun) and replacing it with a new institution

1.'9'34] OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

·during the past few years has Definite Advance a fool to speak His name ir- been Mrs. Kamaladevi Chatto- A study of the latest census reverently. – padhyaya, who presided at the report for all India gives cause third Conference of the Youths for encouragement. The figures -Christian Intelligencer. ·:of Berar on Oct. 7. In her ad- for one decade are: dress she said: "Today, politi- Month of Special Evangelism 'cal unrest in India is greater, Hindus ……. 239,195,000 ++106..42 and economic distress keener. Jains ……… 1,252,000 The Met hod i s t Episcopal The bitterness and discontent Buddhists ….. 12,787,000 +10.5 Church has had encouraging rehave sunk deeper, but due to va- Sikhs ……… 4,336,000 sults in a month of special evanrious circumstances the fire ++33.9 gelism throughout India. For burns silently within, waiting to Parsis …….. 110,000 7.8 example, in round figures, 800,- burst forth into gigantic flames Moslems …… 77,678,000 +13.0 000 people have listened to the shaking the country with a vol- Christians …. 6,297,000 Christian message; 13,000 are ~anic fierceness." Jews ……… 24,000 +32.5 under instruction; there were Tribal …….. 8,280,000 +10.9 1,900 baptisms; there were 3,900 Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru has -15.3 professed conversions; 1,200 written three articles, published were received into full church inmost of India's leading pa- Encouragement is confirmed membership; and 42,000 Gospel pers, in which he advocates by such facts as (1) a growing portions were sold.

movement of cast-people towards Jesus Christ, a movement in- itiated not only by Indian work- throwing over the present social, ers but also by the compelling A Bible Woman's Examination economic and political system. influence of the transformed "Class warfare outside, with characters and lives of out-caste Who can measure the influence hunger and want as its driving Christians; (2) the increasingly of an unlettered Bible woman as force, and furious discord with- pervading influence of the prin-· she goes about telling the life of in;..is the prospect he opens up. ciples of Jesus upon many pub- Jesus and His atonement? A But he does not take into account lic movements in India; (3) the missionary was examining a that if the religious, social, eco- ever-growing number of those group of these women, among nomic and political systems are who make Jesus Christ their them one with very little educaall overthrown simultaneously, moral example, though remain- tion. She could write very little, the people of India would re- ing outside the Church. so was given an oral examinalapse, at least for the time be- tion, for she was earnest and ing, into the nomad stage from -The Presbyterian. very anxious to pass. She was which it has taken long centuries asked to relate the story of the for mankind to emerge as or- Non-Christians Revere Christ trials and crucifixion of Jesus. ganized societies. She told the story in the simple, Dr. Robert E. Speer tells of :l vivid manner of the Indian peo- -Dnyanodaya. Bar Association banquet at ple, but when she came to the Delhi attended by all the lawyers 'Moral Evils in India of that city, all Hindus"":"not a climax and was describing the Christian in the group. Christ on the Cross, she broke The Bombay representative down and sobbed. When she Christian Council passed a num- They had engaged a j ester to could speak again she said, "I ber of resolutions at its meeting entertain them and he was doing don't care if I never pass the last October. Three of these so by making jokes about the examination. I cannot tell more. protest against present-day de- escapades of the .traditional gods He died for me!" moralizing tendencies. (1) In- of the Indian people, at which dian motion pictures should be sallies the lawyers roared with -Woman's Missionary Friend. laughter. Soon the actor made censored by the government to a joke about Jesus Christ, but Possibilities of the Radio prohibit films that exhibit or nobody laughed. At the second 'Suggest obscenity, murder, rob- such remark, there were mur- Mr. J. H. Whitley, at one time bery and other degrading fea- murs of dissent. Finally, the Speaker of the House of Com- tures of modern life. (2) A man ventured a third "wise- mons and more recently Chair- protest is made against immoral crack" involving the name of man of the Royal Commission and obscene literature and pic- Jesus, whereupon the diners on Labor in India, declares, that tures exhibited for sale in shops arose from their seats, seized if some friend of India would and bookstalls. Christian lead·· him by the collar, ushered him vouch for broadcasting, covering ers are asked to take steps to to the door, and kicked him down 500 villages a year, he would do instruct their Christian commu- the stairs. more for India than by found- nities in social hygiene and in There was not a Christian in ing half a dozen universities.

the basis of moral health for the the crowd, but the character, Authoritative figures are given individual, the family and for personality and teachings of the showing that the whole equip- the community. (3) A resolu- Master had created in the hearts ment to cover 1,100 Indian vil- tion was passed against gam- of these Hindu lawyers such re- lages would cost only £43,000.

bling and in favor of adequate spect and reverence for Jesus If each village could have a very education as to its evil influences. Christ that not one would allow simple receiving set the ad-

vantages from the viewpoint of "There are in India about 300 been some marvelous delivereducation, entertainment and medical missionaries, almost all ances and many instances of government publicity, would be of them with the highest med- great bravery and loyalty. incalculable in their effect on ical qualifications. They staff When life runs smoothly a man India's 353 millions of people. 250 mission hospitals, and about does not realize what Christ 300 dispensaries. About 180,- stands ready to do for Him. It -Dnyanodaya. 000 in-patients are treated every is when we are baffled that year, and about 2,560,000 out- Christ shows His possibilities, if Caste System patients. In the fight against we will only give Him a chance." leprosy and tuberculosis mis- A thesis presented to Cornell sions are especially prominent. -Christian Advocate. University's Graduate School They maintain 11 tuberculosis lists the following objections to sanatoria, containing a total of Trouble in Fukien 'the caste system as found in 580 beds, while in the whole of North India: India, there are only 1,220 other The Nationalist Government beds for such cases." Dr. at Nanking early in January re- (1) Its segmental division of so- Moller emphasized the fact that quested foreign powers to withciety is fixed by birth, and does not attendance at all religious meet- draw their nationals from dantake account of individuals of differ- ings and devotions is entirely gerous zones in Fukien Province ent ablities born into the different optional. – The Presbyterian. to places of safety. castes. (2) Its hierarchy fixes the Brahman at the apex and the un- CHINA AND TIBET Most of the 144 Americans touchable at the base, irrespective of living in and near Foochow, the individual 1. Q.'s. (3) Its food tabus Hope Amid Difficulties capital of Fukien Province and and pollution by touch prevent inter- center of a revolutionary movedining and a free intercourse of hu- Addressing missionaries and ment against the Nanking Govman beings who may be intellectual members of the Methodist Epis- ernment have moved to Nantai equals, as in the case of a low caste copal Church in China, Bishops Island in the South Min River, man with a Brahman intelligence. Herbert Welch, John Gowdy and but many of the missionaries are (4) Its civil and religious disabilities C. P. Wang sent the following remaining at their posts in prevent men of all castes from mixing letter on September 14: Futsing, Han Kong, Haitan, freely in the use of public services. Pinghwa, and Sienyu. They do (5) Its lack of choice of occupation "During the past year our not ask for Government protectakes no cognizance of potential skills Church in China has faced diffi- tion. of various kinds of a given caste, but culties almost too great for huarbitrarily fixes the occupational man endurance. Through the Newspaper Evangelism status of each by birth. (6) Its mar- Japanese advance into North riage restrictions prevent intermar- China, thousands of people, in- A China Inland missionary riage on the basis of intellectual cluding many of our own mem- reports in The Presbyterian: equality. (7) Its religious sanctions bers, have been rendered homeoffer nothing for those born in the less. There has been great dev- The work of newspaper evangelism lower castes in this life. astation and suffering in the in Central China has continued and wide territory flooded by the God has used this means for spread- – Congre gationalist. Yellow River.. In Southern ing the Gospel and the salvation of Kiangsi our people have lived in souls. There have been over a hun- Evangelism in Telugu Area constant fear of communist in- dred responses to the daily tract vasion. In Szechuen the civil placed in the paper, and several de- Dr. Azariah, Bishop of Dorna- war has continued, and to main- cisions for Christ. Some have gone kal, reports a week of united tain the warring parties the peo- away but three have enrolled as enevangelistic effort in the Telugu ple have been taxed almost out quirers and are preparing for baparea last May, in which the of existence. Within the past tism. Two of these, one a teacher of Anglican, the Methodist and month practically all the terri- English in a law school, the other a S. 1. U. C. Telugu Council tory of our Yenping Conference Middle School graduate, were conunited: "Altogether 2,480 vil- in Fukien has been seized by templating suicide when they read the lages were visited during that Reds. Pastors and church mem- tract. Both are, we believe, genuinely week by 23,567 Christian volun- bers have been driven from their converted. The latter, a young man teers. Of this number 20,932 homes and left utterly destitute. of twenty, has broken with his past were lay members. This figure There have been many deaths sinful life, and has been enrolled in represents about one-sixth of and at this present writing the Bible School. His change of life the total baptized community. many families seem to be hope- and disposition, keen delight in God's The total number of people who lessly separated, perhaps lost. Word, readiness to testify, all point heard the Gospel during that Once again the missionaries have to a definite experience of salvation. week was reckoned in hundreds had to flee from Yenping. He has yielded his life for God's servof thousands. Nearly 60,000 ice. The tract that arrested the handbills were distributed, 8,560 "In the midst of all these un- teacher's attention is on the Lord's Scripture portions and religious speakable difficulties, there have Second Coming. This doctrine has books sold, and 341 new villages become the most precious truth in asked for Christian instruction." this man's life. The contract with the same newspaper has been renewed for -Dnyanodaya. another year.

Medical Missions The Way Out Dr. C. Frimold-Moller, speak- Dr. T. T. Lew, of the faculty ing at a Calcutta Rotary Club on of Yenching University, Peip- Medical Work in India said: ing, recently said:

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

China is in a panic. There have to see Christian institutions," is a church of 265 Russian mem- been great failures in education and and during a two-year period 236 bers in Harbin. They have en- democracy. Militarism has eaten into tourists took the mission tour dured serious privation, and the life of the nation. Young people in Peiping, as well as ten United their condition has been aggra- are cornered in their thinking. Some- States Army officers and their vated by the flood of a few how we are all wrong. We cannot families, and six others. The months ago and by the preva- save ourselves. vVe are helpless. The itinerary includes hospitals and lence of war. The world-wide first requirement of religious educa- churches, schools and kinder- economic depression has also af- tion is the willingness to learn. The gartens, industrial work, a bean- fected Manchuria. In Sinkiang Chinese people are now in that mood. mil k station for mothers and there is a Russian Baptist com- babies, and at certain times emer- munity of over 600 refugees. The experiences of recent years gency institutions for wounded They were, according to the last should lead us to confession and re- soldiers through a visit to the report, settling down and en- pentance of many ways in which we Y. M. C. A. recreational hut and deavoring to find a living in the have walked. a Red Cross hospital. The Chi- country. The Baptist World Al- nese feast arranged at the con- liance is in contact with both When some mission leaders are will- clusion of a tour, usually by the groups, and has been able to ing to be taught of God and not of Y. M. C. A. or Y. W. C. A., pro- transmit a certain amount of big business magnates and unevan- vides an opportunity to meet and money from contributions given gelical specialists, confidence will be talk with some of the finest Chi- specifically for their assistance. restored and progress made. nese Christians. Mr. Pyle says, "My faith has been strengthened -Baptist Missionary Review. Whether Chinese or American, if in the interest of American laywe will humble ourselves truly in the men in missions." A layman Forty Years in Northeast Tibet sight of the Lord, he will lift us up. from Wellesley Hills said, 'When I left home I was skeptical of In the nineties the Christian -Presbyterian Advance. foreign missions. India partially and Missionary Alliance occu- converted me. Now I am com- pied a section of northeast Tibet, Retrieved from Communism pletely sold.''' but such intense hostility was encountered that the only con- Dr. Hugh L. Robinson, of -Foreign Missions Bulletin. tact maintained was at Tao- Tunghsien, North China, tells in chow; and until about 1920 only the Congregationalist of a plan Self-Support in Annam slight impressions were made that is full of possibilities. He upon nomadic Tibetans who says: Self-supporting churches are came to Taochow to trade. A increasing in Ann a m, Indo- second period, extending to Last week I went to Peiping to at- China. During 1932 seven mis- 1927, was marked by the arrival tend a meeting of Christian leaders. sion churches graduated in t 0 of a number of reinforcements A dozen counties in central China this class; 17 outstations be- designated specifically for Tibethave been recently retrieved by the came independent churches, and an work, and the three lamasery central government from communist seven new outstations have been centers of Labrang, Hehtso and control. Mrs. Chiang Kai-shek, a ope ned by the independent Rongwu were opened as regular Wellesley graduate of a third-genera- churches themselves. On Janu- stations; while what may be tion Christian family, has suggested ary 1, 1933, 55, or more than called the third period of work that the National Christian Council half the churches in the entire on this border had its beginnings organize and execute a rural recon- field, were under native church when the Chinese churches in struction plan for the area-a study government. In these years of southwestern Kansu were orof land tenure, agricultural improve- unemployment and deficits fif- ganized on a self-supporting ment, organization of cooperative teen new church buildings have basis, thereby releasing workers credit societies, dyke repair, adult been put up by Annamese Chris- and funds for Tibetan work. At literacy campaigns, better communi- tians.. The Annamese National present, the Alliance Mission occations, village industries, epidemic Church Conference, which met cupies three additional points, control, recreation. She has held a at Faifoo, in May, pledged it- which are suitable centers for series of conferences with Christian self to raise funds and sen d work among the nomads. Itinleaders; the University of Nanking Annamese missionaries to the eration is carried on from all will be asked to help with the pre- tribes people, and the Cochin- these points, all of which is a liminary survey; and a local commit- China District Conference took seemingly fruitless undertaking, tee is already outlining plans. The its first ann u a I missionary since in all the territory newly Christian churches of China will be pledge for the same work of opened and worked in the last asked to spare some of their most evangelism. -So S. Times. ten years there is not a single experienced personnel if this work is open believer among the Tibetundertaken. This great opportunity Russian Baptist Refugees ans. Beyond doubt there are has been presented to the Church be- some secret believers and many cause in no other organization can be Groups of Russian Baptists interested ones. The odds are found the experience in doing these are located in Manchuria and in against those who openly confess things, the personnel who know how, the province of Sinkiang. There Christ .. and the devotion to the task.

Mission Tours in Peiping Rev. Stephen D. Pyle, pastor of Union Church in Peiping, reports on mission tours for tourists in that city, arranged for round-the-world travelers who wish to see something of missions in action. A printed sheet announces, "Peiping American missionary groups offer opportunity to S. S. Lurine tourists

JAPAN Nations, he maintained, and is As in an age of railroads, automobiles and flyi~g machines, we have scrapped Kagawa and Kingdom of God not to be isolated from other na- palanqUInS and horse carriages, not Movement because they are bad, but because tions. Here he emphasized the be~ter conveyances have come into eXIstence; so ethical and religious need at this critical time for systems implying special and heredi- tsaerrfydomprivainldegems,assc-iagsnteo,ranacbesoaluretismn~ Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa has not leadership of the right kind. longe~ suitable in an age of liberty, equalIty and fraternity. Our motto abandoned the Kingdom of God "Unless," he told Doshisha stu- m1:1st always be: "Behold, I make all Movement. While he is disap- dents, "the leadership comes thmgs new,t (Rev. 21: 5).

pointed that the churches have from students such as you who not accepted a "broader eco- ~re .for~unately studying in an mstI~ut.IOn where there is an apnomic outlook" and social vision preCIatIve understanding 0 f as. a part of the program, this wester n ideas and c uerlteur~eayespbe~e faIlure has challenged him to cially American, th Clubs for Korean Children make further experiments in dan~er of our nation returning Children's Bible Clubs have Christian cooperative and re- agam to the age of feudalism."

formative enterprises. He has -Overseas News. flourished until there are now 13 been encouraged by American such schools in Pyengyang and friends and supporters whose How Is Christianity in Your a half dozen more similar schools contributions have enabled him Country? in other places with an enrol· to undertake these projects and So asked a young Japanese ment of over 2,000 poor children. woman of an American college at the same time to give :Uuch sister. "Is it," she further mOf1.. thi sI. work F rancis Ki ynaslnegr,' queried, "treading an ascending ss o,r; a r in Pye ng time to the interdenominational or descending curve, measured ~ in the degree of faith and enevangelistic campaign of which thusiasm of your people com- wrItes: SerVIce for others is pared with, say, fifteen or ten he was the founder though never years ago 1" The world's worst emphasized, and this year there enemy in the opinion of this the official leader. Japanese girl student is "a mer- developed a work of charity for cenary spirit sweeping all over In recent months funds from the world." She declares that the poorest class of people in the "men and nations are forgetabroad have so fallen off as to ting God and trying to wor- city. The coldest day last ship Mammon." And she comes make necessary some drastic ac- firmly to her conclusion that winter it was suggested that our ti~m on Kagawa's part to save "unless we repent our sin now and humbly return to our God Club rooms be used to shelter hIS own institution. He has the world will be wrecked and our civilization totally wiped beggar boys over night. So our therefore been obliged to decline out." This from Christian Nippon. -Overseas News. leaders and children scoured the to travel and speak widely for streets and by evening had seven the Kingdom of God Mhiomvseemlfentt~ and instead is giving such boys, an old drunk – who writing, public lectures and would have frozen to death if other emergency measures to left alone-and an aged grand- support these projects of social mother without food.

and economic reform so vitally "In one place we found a a part of Mr. Kagawa's Chris- young man forced to beg for tian faith. He is still interested some time past who lived in a in the Kingdom of God cam- one-room hut with three beggar paign, though much less active boys he had already accumu- than formerly. lated, and he had a Bible and a hymn-book for his furniture.

Japan a Mediator? We proceeded to put our seven Japan as mediator between Mixturing Religions beggar boys with his and they East and West was a dream of the late Dr. Inazo Nitobe. Ad- Says a missionary of the Re- passed the winter in our beggar dressing Doshisha University formed Church in the U. S.: stud~nts he declared: "Weare home in charge of the Christian a mI~ed rac~. . . . .. Being thus a n~tIOn whIch represents in its beggar. Government officials racIal blood practically all of the ra.ce~ of the world, the great . As tar as our knowledge of condi- have commended us for the good mISSIOn of Japan should be world-wide in significance. Ge- tIons In Japan goes, native Christians work we are doing." ographically we are of the Orient; but psychologically we do not concern themselves particularly -Presbyterian Advance. are nearer the Occident. The mission of the Japanese race is about salvaging the useful elements to act as the mediator between the Orient and Occident." Ja- in the religions they have atbhaenidronneed~ ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC p~n, thou~h o1:1t of the League, finding all needed good in Nguna Church stIll remams III the family of faith. The fact is that seemingly i~entical ideas in the minds of Chris- tIan~ and, no~-Christians upon care- The mission cishuthrcehcaetntTeralfooa~ f1:11 mvestIgatIOn prove to be radically New Hebrides, dIfferent, because of the implications.

After all, pagan pantheism and Chris- the Nguna mission work of the tian :rheis~, though caP!lble of being Presbyterian Church of New combmed m a mechamcal mixture, Zealand. It was erected by the cannot coalesce after the manner of a chemical compound. The man-cen- late Rev. Peter Milne in 1897 tered, prudential, hedonistic morality with accommodations' for 600 of paganism will not fit into the same worshipers. The people not only s~he!lle ~it~ the God-centered, altruis- tIC, IdealIstIc morality of Christianity. helped in the building, but made

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

7,000 pounds of arrowroot to black art. In that village also right type of literature to this pay the costs. two women and a girl, sitting in intelligent and eager people.

Rev. Frank Paton gave the the same house, suffering from They have sent a call to Amerifollowing description when he sore eyes and unable to attend ca to aid them by sending them visited Nguna in 1913: "In the the meetings, sent for the old books to be read and enafternoon we had a service in teacher and requested him to joyed-good story books, discusthe b e aut i f u I cathedral-like write down their confession of sions of present day problems, church at the Nguna home sta- sin, to be read before the con- religious books, classics or books tiim. There was a large congre- gregation. At the close a chief on handicrafts and popular scigation, and the singing was led assembled all the people in the ence. Magazines are also of by a woman who is paid the church grounds and earnestly value if they are of high type. magnificent salary of five shil- exhorted them to heed what the The enthusiasm with which lings a year for this service. The preachers had said. . these books will be received can Nguna people are a fine race, and -Missionary Review (Aus- readily be appreciated from the the Gospel has done much in tralia) . report of the secretary of Chris- elevating them intellectually and tian Literature Committee of the spiritually. They have also a At a Fair in the Celebes National Christian Council of very fine record for native the Philippines: teachers, and many of them have A Missionary Alliance worker laid down their lives on foreign in Makassar, Celebes, describes "We have received no books soil for Christ's sake and the a "Pasar Malam," or Night from the States for more than a Gospel's. Fair, held in Makassar, each year. We have had many re- afternoon and evening for two quests for books which could not -On Continent and Island. weeks. be filled. When I was on the truck going to Malay-balay, I fell into New Guinea's Needs We rented a lot, erected and dec- conversation with a young man, orated a small booth, and got ready and happened to say something In New Guinea there are at for business. Our students went all which gave him my name. Imleast 300,000 souls who have not around the grounds spreading tracts mediately he began to thank me yet heard the message of the and books written in eight different for the books which I had sent love of God in Jesus Christ; languages, English, Dutch, Malay, to him, saying that they were probably it will be found that practically the only books in his there are half a million, as there Makassar, Boegis, Arabic, Javanese part of the country, and that is a very large area not yet and Chinese. All the missionaries everyone had read them, and he visited by white men, and there took their turn selling literature; but had read some of them several is no means of knowing what most of the work was done by stu- times."

the population is. In large areas, dents from the Bible School, hence it widow strangling is still prac- was a real indigenous work. ticed, and it is even dangerous During the fourteen days thousands for white visitors to venture. attended the fair, coming from miles Churches are urged to set As late as 1926, four innocent around. Approximately fifteen thou- aside one Sunday when they will white men were slain by primi- sand guilders (about $9,000) was taken in for entrance fees alone. We receive books and forward them tive Nakanai natives.-The Missionary Review (Australia). sold over a thousand Bibles, Gospels post-paid, to the nearest mission and religious books and distributing board depot: nearly ten thousand tracts. Manyop- The Philippine Book Depot, The portunities were offered for personal American Board of Commissioners of witness. Foreign Missions, 14 Beacon Street, Team Work in New Britain Books for the Philippines Boston, Mass. The Philippine Book Depot, The A series of evangelistic serv- In the Philippine Islands a ices were held last year through- great amount of money and ef- Methodist Episcopal Board of Foreign fort has been expended on edu- Missions, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

The Philippine Book Depot, The out the Kabakada Section of cation. Thousands of people are United Christian Missionary Society, New Britain, with some success Missions Building, Indianapolis, Inin soul winning. Later it was being taught to read annually, diana. but the tragedy of the situation resolved to make use of outstanding cases among those re- is that they have little or noth- Christian Literature for Dyaks ing to read. Many are too poor cently led to decision, by letting to buy books, others live in iso- The sea Dyaks of North Borthem accompany the preachers lated sections where books are neo have practically no Christo give their testimonies. Up-to- hard to get. As a result there tian literature in their own landate, about a dozen of these team is a tendency for the people to guage. Until recent years they missions have been conducted, slip back into illiteracy. And the had not even the Gospels and two villages usually coming to- missionary movement is missing Prayer Book. These they now gether for the purpose. the opportunity of bringing good have, and to them is being added At one place, notorious sor- influences to bear upon these a Dyak version of Pilgrim's cerers and others, to show the people through books. Progress, illustrated by draw- genuineness of their repentance, The National Christian Coun- ings from photographs taken in made away with all the para- cil of the Philippines sees a Sarawak posed by the Dyak peophernalia connected with their great opportunity to furnish the ple. -Lutheran News.

~'~.========~~~~~===-~=============I~

Our Missionary Bookshelf Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information @~(iAi ~I'~===============================I~ 1 China Year Book, 1933. Edited by H. church members and 60 per cent go in 1889 and went to Africa in G. W. Woodhead 8 Vo. 786 pp. $12.50. U. S. Agents. University of the teachers are Christians. 1892. Preaching, teaching and of Chicago Press. 1933. It is surprising that there is healing lead to conversions and congregations and schools were China not only offers the di- no mention made of Cheloo Uni- established. This is a stirring versity of a continent in climate, versity, only two lines of ref- narrative of miracles of grace. resources, customs and condi- erence to Peking Union Medical There are also stories of hunttions, but also contemporane- ing and travel adventure. The ously presents the stages of College and no reference to Mo- account of "Bwanika, ten times progress as seen in ancient, hammedan uprisings in Kansu a slave," is worth repeating. medireval and modern civilizations. This wide variety, the since 1906. There is much land in Africa rapid changes and the great im- The Year Book is carefully yet to be occupied for Christ and portance of Chinese affairs few missionaries cannot reach makes an authoritative year compiled and especially useful millions of the unevangelized. book essential to all who wish to and rich in information on mat- When Mr. Campbell proposed to keep informed. In this fifteenth the people, among whom he had issue of the Year Book, many ters of politics, trade and finance. worked for seven years without Chinese have collaborated – in- The personal notes on "Who's a convert, that he would leave cluding Dr. M. T. Z. Tyan, Dr. Who in China" cover sixty and establish a station in an- S. G. Cheng, Mr. C. C. Hsiang pages and include over 600 other place, the chiefs had a and others. The topics treated pow-wow and then one of them in the twenty-seven chapters and names of Chinese leaders, "cour- arose and said: tesy names" and English render- ings but it would be useful also to state their religious beliefs or affiliations and to include more of the Chinese women leaders.

six appendices number over 400. Blazing Trails in Bantuland. By Du- "White man, all you say is They range from general statis- gald Campbell. F.R.G.S. Map true …… but you do not know tical information as to the coun- and Illus. 8 Vo. 228 pp. 3s. 6d. everything. Listen. Since you try and people, to products and Pickerin~ & Inglis. Glasgow. 1933. came among us, and as a result trade statistics, public health, The Bantu-speaking people live of your teaching, the secret sopolitics, the Japanese invasion, in South-Central Africa, a land ciety camp has been broken up. finance, education, international for the blazing of trails. Dugald Children are no longer taught relations, justice and religions. Campbell is a pioneer, a Scotch- those evil things as before. No, Two pages are devoted to Con- man, one of the Brethren who teacher do not leave us; we do fucianism, Taoism and Bud- went 'out to Africa nearly forty not yet understand the meaning dhism, forty pages to Roman years ago with Fred Arnot and of your message. When we do Catholicism (with a large sta- Dan Crawford. The other two we will believe. You have been tistical chart) and five pages to well-known pioneers have been among us only seven years. I Protestant Missions including called Home but Mr. Campbell have finished." Mr. Campbell one and a half on the Laymen's still carries on his pioneering. did not leave and from that time Report. The Protestant statis- He is now connected with the saw a great change take place tics are not up-to-date, as the National Bible Society of Scot- and soon there were conversions. figures go to 1925. Conditions land and has recently completed Pioneering is difficult but it conhave greatly changed since then. a trip across the Sahara Desert. tinues to bring worthwhile re- Aspects of growth noted include His story of pioneering, told sults.

the work of the China Christian in the present volume, relates in Home Missions Today and Tomor- Council, the "Five-Year Move- the main to his early experiences row. A Review and For.ecast. Edited ment," Dr. Stanley Jones Evan- by Herman N. Morse. 8 vo. 419 gelistic Campaign and extracts in Africa. They are well told and well illustrated with photo- pp. $2. Home Missions Council from. the Laymen's Commission graphs. He describes the days New York. 1934.

Report. Of the 4,516 students of deep ignorance, slavery and This volume is the result of a in mission colleges, and tech- cannibalism, the witch doctor, united study of the progress, nical schools, a little over one- sorcery and crude customs. the present situation and the third are reported as Christian Mr. Campbell heard the call to next steps to be taken in home Any of the books noted in thesll columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[110 ]

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

mISSIOns. It is the most valu- offer a detailed program for the The Finality of Jesus for Faith. By able general study of the subject solution of the modern problems Alexander Martin, D.D., LL.D. Pp. in recent years. First the re- of slavery, prostitution, bootleg- 217. $2.00. T. & T. Clark, Edinport sets forth the true aim of ging, intemperance, g r aft, burgh. Charles Scribner's Sons, home missions as "the effort, in racketeering, capital and labor New York. 1933. the Spirit of Christ and in ful- problems and international filment of His Great Commis- strife. Jesus Christ presented Principal Martin of New Colsion, to win to Christian disciple- the truth and the Way of Life lege, Edinburgh, entitles these ship of the people of North which, if accepted and lived will lectures "An Apologetic Essay." America and to christianize the transform our relationships to They deal with the problem of life of our nation." Over four God and to our fellow men. The the "Christian Faith and Hishundred pages follow to set Kingdom – or God-ruled life- torical Relativity," with five forth the scope, the agencies and which He presented, He also striking chapters on Jesus, the the special fields of the enter- made possible by a divine dy- Rabbi, the Messiah-Son, the Sinprise; the program and policy namic. Purity, self-control, less one, the Saviour and the of the work, the outlook and pro- truth, wisdom, love, sacrifice for Judge. Their method is described posed program of home mission the benefit of others, are the in Dr. Martin's words: work. foundation principles of His Kingdom. No attempt has been made here to As Livingstone said of the re- define the person of Jesus. The maxlation of the geographical feat Prof. Taylor presents the im adopted has been the sound metato the missionary enterprise, so principles clearly in their rela- physical one that a thing is what it the end of the review and fore- tion to industry and he gives an does, and the functions which He fulcast is the beginning of the new abundance of facts which should fills have been taken as a sufficient missionary forward movement. be taken into consideration in clue to His significance. So construed Here are the facts in regard to the adjustment of labor difficul- He is found, unless the whole histor- ,agencies, finances and plans, the ties. Wage conditions are per- ical records are not merely worthless general surveys of the various plexing and agreement between but intelligible, to assume supremacy fields and projects – Alaska, capital and labor and consumer in the spiritual order of life. West Indies, Indians, Mexicans, is difficult but adjustments must Orientals, Mormons, Jews, Ne- be made with a view to justice Dr. Martin handles the recgroes, New Americans, Moun- and the promotion of human wel- ords with great critical freedom. taineers, cities and rural areas. fare. The greatest difficulties Indeed one wonders what is left The problems relate to intellec- are due to selfishness on the one of any doctrine of inspiration. tual, social, economic and reli- hand and to shiftlessness and But his conclusions are the congious progress, to unoccupied waste on the other. clusions of the historic faith in fields, elimination of overlap- Jesus Christ as the unique Son ping and cooperation. The place of women and chil- of God and only Saviour of man- kind. The argument is reassur- The size of the problem is seen dren in industry shows great ing to faith. It is intended to be from the fact that there are in persuasive also to unbelief, the United States 13,366,401 for- need for improvement-with 55,- though it declares that "the afeign born Europeans, 1,422,533 firmations of spiritual experi- Spanish-speaking people, 250,- 000 in textile industries-mostly ence never are logically demon- 000 Orientals, 12,000,000 Ne- strable….. The evidence of spirgroes, 6,750,000 Mountaineers, in the southern states at wages itual experience is itself and in 750,000 Mormons and 350,000 its outcome and asks no other Indians. Alaska and the West from $5.00 to $10.00 a week. It attestation. Faith has always Indies are special fields. had its reasons which the reason is not a modern problem for 100 did not understand; and in these Christianity and Industry in Amer- it rests and is content." ica. By Alva W. Taylor. 12 mo. years ago cotton mills in Eng- 212 pp. Reading list and Index. R. E. S. $1 and 60 cents. Friendship Press. land employed 84,000 children New York. 1933. under 18 years of age. This em- William Carey of India. By Percy ployment of women and children H. Jones. 223 pp. 2s. net. Picker- Here is a mission study book is one of the causes of unem- ing & Inglis, London. by the professor of social ethics ployment of men – the natural in Vanderbilt University, Nash- wage earners for families. Many In this thrilling biography of ville, Tenn. He is well known executives are largely overpaid the founder of missions in India and highly respected as a stu- while manual workers are we have a most delightful tonic dent of ethical and industrial underpaid. for lagging missionary zeal. The problems, is a clear thinker and book is admirably suited to adowriter. He recognizes the dif- For the solution of the prob·· lescent boys and girls. Carey's ference between the simple in- lems Dr. Taylor recommends an continuous adventures will dustrial life of the first century awakening of the public con- quickly capture the youthful and the complex problems of our science, a recognition of the mind and hold it to the last. machine age. Jesus did not right of both labor and capital, closer cooperation in place of The author lays the foundation conflict, arbitration in place of for the rest of the book by in- retaliation and the promotion of sight into the beginning of a well informed and true Chris- Carey's life. His famous slogan, tian spirit of honest justice and "Expect great things from God, brotherhood.

Attempt great things for God," family an entire month's in- huge rock, the "Enchanted is the heart of each chapter. come." Funerals for husbands, Mesa," three hundred feet in the The difficulties in getting started to India the never-to-be- wives, mothers cost their fam- air, dwell the Acomas-in comforgotten five-months' trip on the "Kron Princessa Maria," the ilies from $96.50 to $279. The plete isolation "unimpressed by story of the first converts, Carey's prodigious labors as a most expensive funeral recorded either missionaries or Henry translator of the Bible into thirty-four different languages, required an expenditure equiva- Ford." Here in the oldest conafford thrilling reading. His great work in Bengali is con- lent to forty-five months' income! tinuously inhabited city in the sidered by many even now unsurpassed. For the invested In the final chapter we have a United States, are houses of rock $2,400 in Carey, he gave back not only the founding of missions summary of the findings in aver- that were standing four centuin India, but over a quarter of a million in money. age expenditure for food, cloth- ries ago and are still in use.

What a life! Will twentieth ing, rent, etc. The author has In one of them was born James century Christianity dare treat such a glorious heritage lightly? furnished thirty-one excellent Paytiamo, the author. He invites HOWARD A. ADAIR. illustrations, twenty – one dia- us to listen while he revives How Chinese Famiilies Live in Pei- grams, a glossary of Chinese memories of a boyhood spent in ping. By Sidney D. Gambel. pp. 348; $3.00. Funk & Wagnalls, New terms, and a bibliography of this "Sky City" and in the sur- York. 1933. similar studies carried on in rounding deserts and mountain There is a proverb current among the poor in China which other fields. Altogether this is forests. He tells us how his peosums up the background of this most interesting economic sur- a noteworthy contribution to a ple prepare food and describes in vey: "Seven things to worry about when you throw open your better understanding of Chinese detail the ceremonies carried on door each morning-fuel, rice, oil, salt, soy, vinegar, tea." All daily life in a great city. during the hunting seasons. The students of social and home economics will welcome this study Dr. Arthur W. Hummel, head severe tests that Indian boys of household expenses in Chinese families at Peiping. Mr. Gamble, of the Chinese Department of must endure before they are alwho is Research Secretary of the National Council of the Young the Library of Congress says: lowed to participate in the cere- Men's Christian Associations, is well known as the author of "A " ….. Behind these figures, so monial dances are portrayed in- Social Survey of Peking" prepared some years ago. conscientiously and intelligently timately. These tests are more The book shows how the fam- gathered, lie concealed tales of taxing than the exercises inciilies with the lowest income, of eight silver dollars per month, amazing endurance, of individual dent to the "initiation of the spend an average of less than eight cents silver each person and family cooperation that braves," doubtless because the per day for food. The budget for clothing, heat, light, etc., is also would do justice to any novel. Apaches, the ancient enemies of given in detail, based on a survey of 283 families with incomes He has given to historians a re- the Pueblos, are no longer roamnot over 550 Chinese silver dollars per month. The expendi- liable yardstick by which to ing the plains at will. Eight tures for weddings and funerals are extraordinarily large and a measure the economic changes colored drawings by the author heavy drain on family resources. Many households go into debt to that life in Peiping, along with are representations of various secure funds for the display on these occasions. "The feast to the rest of the world, is under- costumes worn by ceremonial celebrate the engagement of a son, together with the gifts to going." S. M. ZWEMER. dancers. Many of the superstithe prospective bride cost one tions that still enslave the Acoma Flaming Arrow's People. By James Indians are mentioned. While the Paytiamo (An Acoma Indian). Illustrated with 8 colored drawings author has no harsh word for by the author. 178 pp. $2.50. Duffield and Green. New York. the medicine men other than the 1933. declaration that they are a hated A full-blooded Acoma (Pueb- 10) Indian, grown to manhood clan, he describes some of the and appreciative of the educa- tion he received at Haskell Insti- traps young Acoma men must tute, has written sympathetically concerning the daily life and shun. COE HAYNE.

tribal customs of his people that Follow the Leader. By Winifred have remained unchanged since Hulbert, 12 mo. 125 pp. 50 and the time of Columbus and long 75 cents. Central Committee in the before. Along an obscure road United Study of Foreign Missions. branching off of the Santa Fe Cambridge, Mass. 1933. Trail, sixty-five miles west of Albuquerque, the reader may These attractive stories for travel in imagination with this Juniors tell of life in North and Indian author as guide, through Central Africa, in India, in the forests of juniper and pinon and Philippines and Japan and on across alkaline flats to the "big the Mexican border. They de- valley" where the Acomas in scribe, incidentally, various prehistoric times cultivated their phases of missionary work but corn and beans and squash-just emphasize the promotion of as they do today-and finally to friendship and understanding the Acoma Mesa. On top of this between humans of different races rather than the turning of men to God through a new understanding and relationship to Jesus Christ. Both are needed.

I Items New Books Sunday

(CO'nCluded from page 65.) Objectives, Principles and Program Supplies of Y. M. C. A.'s m Orthodox Coun- Dr. C. L. Hsia, First Secretary of tries. 20 pp. World's Committee, S~oQu~ndo. isP!llnJmeu/ the Chinese Legation, has recently re- Y. M. C. A. Geneva. turned to China. Mr. W. S. Lao, /lilernultiJnu/Il'SSIJIIS formerly chief of Telegraph Section of Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Nan- The S'hi'ite Religion. Dwight M. king, succeeded Dr. Hsia; he arrived Donaldson. 393 pp. 15s. Luzac. ·/orullIkntHlllimlillls in Washington early in December. London. Dr. Hsia was very active during his Charlotte R. Willard of Merzifon. tile for student days as the secretary for the Edited by Ernest pye. 210 pp. $2. Chinese Students' Christian Union in Revell. New York. and Waiting Upon God. Harvey Farmer. Great Britain. • • * 31 pp. 25 cents. B. I. C. Assn. Chicago. The Rev. Lindsay S. B. 'Hadley, formerly a missionary in China, and for seven years Candidate Secretary Japan Christian Year Book-1933. for the Presbyterian Board of For- 428 pp. Kyo Bun Kwan. Tokyo. eign Missions, resigned on January 1, Light from Darkness. Takeo Iwa- John McNeill. Alexander Gammie. to accept a unanimous call to the pas- 276 pp. 58. Pickering & Inglis. torate of First Presbyterian Church hashi. 103 pp. $1. Winston. PhiIa. London.

of Cortland, N. Y. Rose From Brier. Amy Carmichael. Day's Worship. Chas. B. Foelsch. 205 pp. 38.6d. S. P. C. K. London. 385 pp. 75 cents. United Lutheran •** Bishop John McKim, presiding Pub. House. Phila. bishop of the Japanese Episcopal Almanacs and Calendars. Published Epistle Messages-Sermons on the Church for 37 years, has resigned be- by Pickering & Inglis. London: cause of failing health. His successor Epistles. Edited by Herman E. is Rt. Rev. Samuel Heaslett of Yoko- Daily Meditation Calendar, lB. 6d. Miller. 252 pp. $1.50. United hama. Golden Grain Calendar, 18. 3d. Lutheran Pub. House. Phila. *•• Golden Text Calendar, lB. 3d. From Sabbath to Sunday. Paul Cot- Grace and Truth Calendar, 18. ton. 184 pp. Times Pub. Co. Beth- Mr. Robert L. Latimer, Treasurer Daily Manna Calendar, 18. lehem, Pa. of the Board of Foreign Missions of Young Folks Calendar, 18. 1000 Wonderful Things About the the United Presbyterian Church, com- Bible Almanac, 2d. Bible. Hy Pickering. 228 pp. 28. pleted 40 years of service in this very Daily Light Almanac, lB. 5d. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London. responsible position September 29, Our Home Almanac, 1d. Them Also. Mary Warburton Booth. 1933. When Mr. Latimer began the 253 pp. 38. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. treasurership there were 18 stations God and the World Through Chris- London. abroad, now there are 34; the num- tian Eyes. Various Authors. 48. To What Purpose? Marshall Bromber of the missionaries of the Foreign Student Christian Movement Press. hall. 88 pp. 18. C. I. M. London. Board, not including wives, was 31, London. Victorious Lives of Early Christians now 87. The annual budget of the Board was $106,800; now it is $303,- John R. Mott, World Citizen. Basil 444. But during those 40 years the Mathews. 78. 6d. Student Chris- tian Movement Press. London.

amount annually raised on the fields The Story of the Student Christian in Korea. M. W. Noble. 174 pp. has increased from $11,418 to $517,- Movement. Tissington Tatlow. M. Noble. Seoul, Korea. 863, and the number of communicant 128.6d. S. C. M. P. London Young Fu of the Upper Yangtze. members in the churches abroad has Elizabeth Foreman Lewis. 265 pp. grown from 10,641 to 65,712. Mr. Christian Mass Movements in India $2.50. Winston. Phila. Latimer declares that it has been a -A Study with Recommendations Let the People Praise Thee. R. L. privilege and an inspiration to have J. Waskom Pickett. 382 pp. $2. Abingdon Press. New York. shared in such work. Whytehead. 100 pp. 18. paper; 28. 6d. cloth. S. P. G. House. Lon- *** Mahatma Gandhi-His Life, Work don. Mrs. Thomas Nicholson, of Mount and Influence. J ashwant R. Chit- Vernon, Iowa, was elected chairman ambar. $2. 264 pp. Winston. A Chaplain in India-His Life and of the Foreign Missions Conference Phila. Labours. G. M. Davies. 320 pp. of North America at the recent Garden City Conference. Canon S. Ann H. Judson-Missionary Heroine 58. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. Gould, of Toronto, was elected first of Burma. E. R. Pitkin. Pickering London. vice-chairman; Bishop A. R. Clip- & Inglis. London. pinger, of Dayton, Ohio, second vice- The Livingstone of South Americachairman; Leslie B. Moss, of New Jothy. Charlotte Chandler Wyckoff. The Life and Aventures of W. Bar- York, and Miss Florence Tyler, of 302 pp. $2. Longmans Green. New brooke Grubb Among the Wild Aurora, N. Y., secretaries. York. Tribes of the Gran Chaco, Para- guay, Bolivia, Argentina, the Falk- • *• Japanese Festival and Calendar Lore. land Islands and Tierra del Fuego. William Hugh Erskine. 209 pp. R. J. Hunt. 247 pp. 78. 6d. Seeley, The Rev. Percy Stevens, late of $1.25. Kyo Bun Kwan. Bethany Service. London. London but with twelve years' experi- College Book Store, Bethany, W. ence as a missionary in the Chinese Va. Elizabeth Mary Newman, 1855-1932 diocese of Kwangsi-Hunan, is to be -The Florence Nightingale of Bishop of that diocese for the Church Light Out of Darkness. Eleanor In- Kashmir. Illus. 18 pp. 6d. _Seeley, in China. His predecessor, Bishop gle Pilson. 88 pp. Revell. New Service. London. Holden, becomes Bishop of the western York. World Tides in the Far East. Basil diocese of Szechuan, whose late Robert E. Lee the Christian. Wil- Matthews. 160 pp. 28. Edinburgh Bishop, Dr. Mowll, has become Bishop liam J. Johnstone. 300 pp. $2. House Press. London. of Sydney and Archbishop of the Abingdon. New York. Province of New South Wales. China. U. K. Shebbeare. (S. P. G. Kwangsi-Hunan is a southern diocese, The Mystery of Jordan Green. Mar- Handbooks. New Series.) Illus. Bishop Logan Roots' neighbor on the garet R. Seebach. 222 pp. $1. Map. 105 pp. 18. S. P. G. London. southern border of the diocese of United Lutheran Pub. House. Phila. Borneo. L. E. Currey. (S. P. G. Hankow. These foreign bishops have My Year in Rhodesia. Fr. Andrew. Handbooks. New Series.) Illus. been developing Chinese leadership. 64 pp. 18. S. P. G. London. Map. 96 pp. lB. S. P. G. London.

IN INCOME, SPENDING AND GIVING fROM 1925 TO

or PEP.CfNTAGE:S 7o——–+———-r——~_r——–~,~,———r———+——–~·70 ,,-' ". INCRf:ASE: ~.——–+———4——-~–O-~r–,-,–,,,,L, '-'–+–".'"~.~—-~——–~——–~~~ 1r5O0 ——–+———~a~.~.t.C~a,V..~-t-.'~-''~—'-y~~———-~—–,-""~&———4———~'n 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 While the decline in church giving between 1929 and 1933 ",as 42%. the drop in national income during the same period u:as 56%-greater by 14%. Figl/res/rom Marls & Lundy, Inc., reprinted/rom December, 1933, "EveryoM".

Help Win the MOSLEM MILLIONS BY USE OF THE GOSPEL IN PRINT The Good News of Christ, interpreted to Moslems through the Christidn life dnd literdture, is winning a hearing for the Gospel in many lands.

Will you help to supply this needed Christian literature for millions who have never heard the Gospel in ESypt Syrle Irak China Morocco Penia Pelestine India Java Aisiers Turkey Malaysle Sumatra Tunis Arabia South Afria.

Send your help to the missionaries in these countries through The American Christian Literature Society For Moslems Cooperating with Interdenominational Committees on the field.

BOARD OF MANAGERS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President c» Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice-Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice-President Dr. James untine, Corresponding Secretary Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.O., General Secretary Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Dr. John H. Raven Rev. Robert W. Searle, D.O. Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Mrs. J. M. Montgomery Wilbert B. Smith Rev. A. C. Snead Rev. Mills J. Taylor, D.O.

John W. Wood, D.C.l.

Gilts may be sent to Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treasurer, at 116 East 68th St., New York City Apply for information to THE SECRETARY, 25 East 22nd Street, New YorkCity

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1934

1934

An Unrepentant Missionary Lillian L. Picken Donald Fraser of Livingstonia Millar Patrick Every Missionary an Evangelist Donald Fraser Shall We Abandon the Missionaries?

George Innes _ Jesse R. Wilson Frances Shunk Downs William Bancroft Hill _ Mrs. Thomas Nicholson Cleland B. McAfee Milton T. Stauffer The Fate of Missionaries' Children Dan C. Brummitt

Printin

When You Require It The Bible Family Magazine for More Than Twenty Years PASTORS, Sunday School Teachers,. and Bible Students say they We wish to filxtend to you an invi- cannot afford to be without it. Contributors for 1934 include tation to become acquainted With outstanding preachers and writers of America. Every issue contains: THE EVANGELICAL 'PRESS of Hamsburg, Pennsylvania. STRIKING EDITORIALS AND ARTICLES OF VITAL INTEREST JUNIOR KING'S BUSINESS Thousands of institutions andindivid- uals have accepted a similar invitation, NOTES ON CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR and have enjoyed a profitable printing SUNDAY SCHOOL LESSON HELPS association for years.

One of the leading features is the International Sunday School Les- Our specialty is :Sooks, Magazines and son Commentary. Many say they cannot teach without it. It pro- Booklets. We have modem equipment vides for each lesson a simple and comprehensive outline and valuable to meet all the requirements of your exposition by Dr. B. B. Sutcliffe, a usable blackboard lesson, a Golden particular job. Our .ervlce is quick, Text illustration, and a children's division. An additional feature careful and courleous. has just been added. Why not allow us to e.timate on your AN OBJECT LESSON FOR EACH WEEK next printing? You will be delighted with our product, price, and .ervice. By ELMER L. WILDER The Evangelical Press This easy-to-use material will insure attentive auditors in the Sunday School, junior church, Daily Vacation Bible School, summer camp Printers 01 or wherever boys and girls are gathered for religious instruction. The Missionary Review of the World PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE: Third and Rail,. Str. .t. Huriaburg. P..

Money Saving II Combination Offer 1,198,000 Bibles Placed by The King's Business, • • • • • • $1.50 (Stve $1.25) THE GIDEON. The Missionary Review of·the World, 2.50 $2.75 in Hotel Bedrooms for the (Twelve Numbers of Each) $4.00 For the Two o Benefit of Those Who Travel NOTE: Each magazine will be mailed to subscribers direct from its You are invited to have a part fa this own office of publication. important work by sendintl a coblribu- ~'m~re.the Bible Fund. $1.00 will place Postage extra to Canada-and foreign countries— The King's Business, 25 cents Eligibility for Me~bership Make Remittances Payable and Address Orders to The field of the work havill. now aur- rounded the globe, haa caued the open- THE MISSIONARY REVIEW of the WORLD THE KING'S BUSINESS ing of membership to Third and Reily Streets 558 South Hope Street All Christian Business Men Harrisburs, Pa. Los Anseles, Calif. THE GIDEON MAGAZINE. $1.00 per year. Write for particular. to THE GIDEONS The Christian Comm.,.cial Men'. Association 0/ America. International 202 So. State Street Chicatlo, II1inoia Florida. Missionary Assemblies – city is making extended preparation and Turkey, in the Arcot Mission and with the American Board. for missionary speakers in the public Mrs. Esperanza A. Cuyugan, jl Winter visitors in Florida will wel- schools, open park forums, colleges young Filipino girl. come. the announcement that twelve and universities, men's civic clubs and Rev. McCoy Franklin, of the BIu!,! cities will this year be included in the before the radio, in addition to the Ridge Mountains. : Chain of Missionary Assemblies, to be popular meetings in a central Church. Rev. Ralph Hall, "Missionary Cowheld from January 20th to February The World Ambassadors will in- boy" from Mexico. 15th. The first week will be in Or- clude: Dr. W. Harold StO'l'm, medical mislando, Winter Haven and Deland; the Rev. E. Stanley Jones, of India. sionary at Muscat, Arabia. second week, the Palm Beaches, Rev. Oscar M. Buck, professor of Rev. Isaac Yonan, Assyrian, born Miami, Fort Myers and Bradenton; Missions at Drew University, who will in Persia, Professor of Urumia Col~ the third week, St. Petersburg, Clear- lecture on "The New Day in Miswater and Tampa; the fourth week, sions." lege. Gainesville and Jacksonville. An in- Miss Elisabeth W. Conklin, missionterdenominational committee in each ary among women and girls of India

MISSIONARY MINISTER'S

REVIEW OF THE WORLD 'CONTRIBUTORS JOSEPH M. Editor CONTRIBUTORS DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor AIKI1I5 I T IS unfair to compare the new ROBERISOJI BURRELL Annual with any previous volume. ROBBIIiS VOL. LVII JAN., 1934 No.1 BUIIRICK A wealth of "signed" preaching SIIAIlIIOIl CADMAII material, unequalled, from the nation's SIIOEMAKEa Publication and Business Office CIIAPPELL great preachers, church service ma- SOCKM.II Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. GRAY terial, illustrations, etc. SIIDGER GILROY 510llE Editorial and Executive Office I7A New Low Price, $2.00 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City 1I0UGII~etc. YAIICE~ etc. Entered as second-class matter at F. H. REVELL co.. 158 Filth Ave., N.Y.C. Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published monthly, except August. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 19'34.

MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- LISHING CO., INC. BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President WAL1'ER McDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH MILTON T. STAUFFER A. L. WARNSHUIS SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Editorial Chat The regular visits of THE MISSION- Dr. Rockwell Hannon Potter, dean ARY REVIEW have been a great pleas- of Hartford Seminary, has been A truly happy New Year is the ure and profit to me. Each number elected president of the American heart-felt wish of THE REVIEW for all seems just a little finer than the one Board of Commissioners for Foreign our subscribers and friends and for which preceded. I greatly appreciate Missions. the friends of our Lord Jesus Christ all the splendid articles which you are 'in every part of the world. We are from month to month providing for *** planning and praying to make THE us. REVIEW more interesting and valuable Miss Theodora Chitambar, daughthis year than it has ever been. This MRS. J. M. BROUGH, Church Li- ter of Bishop J. R. and Mrs. Chitamis difficult in these days when the brarian, First Baptist Church, bar, has been appointed to a post in shortage of funds has caused so many Los Angeles, Calif. the Government Girls' School in Barof our contemporaries to discontinue eilly, India. Miss Chitambar secured publication. God has already an- "I cannot afford to take it, neither her M.A. at Columbia University, and swered prayer in many ways. Will can I afford to do without it. while in the U. S. made many adyou join us in the prayer that our dresses on Christian work in India. Heavenly Father will continue to "The articles by W. H. T. Gairdner guide and bless our efforts to make and Mrs. Peabody in last issue put a *** the RElVIEW a real factor in promoting feeling of cheer and fresh courage in the Cause of Christ throughout the one's heart." Dr. Julius Richter, who has recently world? been visiting America in the interests MRS. WARREN F. GOFF, Fox Lake, of a better understanding between *** Wisconsin. America and Germany, has returned to Berlin. You can help during the New Year Personal Items in many ways-by continuing to read Coming Events and subscribe; by sending gift sub- Dr. and Mrs. Webster E. Browning scriptions to your friends; by recom- returned to South America in October, January 2-February 8-Rural Trainmending THE REVIEW to others; by after a nine months' furlough in the ing for Christian Workers Course. sending to the Editor your suggestions United States. Dr. Browning has Scarritt College for Christian lived in South America since 1896. Workers, Nashville, Tenn. f?r improvement; by using the artIcles and news in your missionary *** January 3-S-Annual Meeting, Forsocieties, conferences, Sunday schools eign Missions Conference. Garden and church services; by seeing that Wilfred T. Grenfell, Jr., son of Sir City, N. Y. the magazine is available at confer- Wilfred T. Grenfell, M.D., has been ences and other missionary meetings appointed first secretary to the head January 9-11-Annual Meeting, Home you attend. Will you help? of the Chinese Commission of the Missions Council and Council of League of Nations. Women for Home Missions. Fifth Occasionally *frie*nd*s criticize THE Avenue Presbyterian Church, New *** York. REVIEW. This is understandable and constructive criticism is always wel- The Rev. W. S. and Mrs. Gould of January 23 – February 17 – Cornell come. Others commend the magazine the American Presbyterian Mission, School for Mssionaries. Cornell -perhaps at times too enthusiasti- India, have a son who claims the dis- University, Ithaca, N. Y. cally. We find that our best friends tinction of being a 5th generation are our regular readers. Those who missionary; his grandfather is Rev. February 16, 1933-World Day of do not read it are naturally not in- A. B. Gould of Ambala, his great- Prayer. terested! Here are a few recent com- grandfather was Dr. F. Newton of ments-quoted to show why our Firozepore and his great-great-grand- February 20-21-Committee of Referfriends are ready to help maintain father was Dr. John Newton of La- ence and Counsel, Foreign Missions and promote this organ of Christian hore-:-al~ of the American Presbyte- Conference. New York. missions. rian Mission. April 26-May 7-General Conference, [ 1] Methodist Episcopal Church, South, Jackson, Miss.

OF THE SPEAKERS TEAM FOR THE UNITED FOREIGN MISSIONARY

Seatea, Left to Right.~Dr., E. Stanley Jones, Dr. Yi-fang Wu, Miss Lillian Pioken, Dr. Herman Chen-en Liu. Sta,nding.-Bishop Logan H. Roots, Rev. Walter Getty, Mrs. Lydia DeSeo, Dr. Charles R. Watson, Rev. H. F. Laflamme.

INTEREST IN FOREIGN MISSLONS MANIFESTED AT THE CHICAGO STADIUM Part of the 21,000 audience who gathered to hear missionary a ddresses by Dr. E. Stanley Jones and others on November 5th. REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER ONE JANUARY, 1934 Topics of the Times A NEW BEGINNING – WITH GOD sionary work is neglected and discredited by m~ny, and is lacking in the fruitfulness we have a rIght "To begin is poetry; to continue is prose," said to expect. Was there ever greater need for a new beginning – with God? Edward Judson to a parishioner who offered to Great victories have been won through the censtart a good work for others to carryon. A new turies, by such new beginnings – with prayer and study and consecration. Such were the new bebeginning involves difficulties, but it is easy com- ginnings in the Apostolic Age, in the Reformatio? days, in the modern missionary era, in the relIpared with the drudgery of continuance. This is gious awakenings in England, in Wales, in Amer- ica. Prayer is still the channel of power. The true of New Year resolutions, of new government Word of God is still living and powerful. Is it not the Church that is out of harmony with God and programs, of the Christian life, of. ch.urch m~m­ His program – of evangelism, of world peace, of righteousness, of love? It is a good time to begin bership, of marriage, of any SaCrI?CIal serVIce. the New Year – with God.

A good beginning does not in itself msure a good ending. This has been evident in the story of Cinrethaetioren~oirnd the history of the Hebrew kingdom, of the Apostolic Church, in the prog- ress of the Protestant Reformation, in the annals of the American nation, and in the work of mod- ern missions. But to begin well has never been enough to win "In the beginning – God." This is the only a victory _ in war, in the Church or State, in edu- true beginning – for the earth, for the Church, cation, in character, or in a career. Continuance for the St aYte~afro.r the home, for the individual, for is difficult. It requires a definite and worthy goal; the New During the past eighty-eight it demands faith and courage and patience; it years it has been the Christian custom to begin the calls for cooperation with men and with God.

New Year with a special week of prayer. January Will the end of 1934 show any definite improve- seventh to fourteenth has been designated by the ment over the closing days of 1933? It should World's Evangelical Alliance as the Universal show improvement in international relations, in Week of Prayer for 1934. It will be an auspicious economic conditions, in social justice, in spiritual beginning if it can be made a week of real prayer, life in missionary service _ if we begin the New of renewed surrender to God, of definite Bible Ye~r and continue with God. "Jesus Christ is the study, of the guidance of the Holy Spirit. same yesterday, today and for ever." The prom- Was there ever greater need for this new be- ises of God have not been revoked, nor have the ginning – with God? The world – east, west, conditions of fulfilment been changed. "Repent north, south – is torn by war and threatened by and do the first works-or else …… " is the mes- the gathering clouds of more war. Many gov- sage of the Spirit to the churches. "Let us not be ernments – Germany, Spain, Russia, Italy, China, weary in well doing, for in due season we shall Isneedkiai~gGnreewat Britain, America – are frantically reap if we faint not," is the word of the Spirit to solutions for their perplexing prob- those who begin-and continue the New Year- lems. Human society is undermined and cor- with God.

rupted by greed, injustice, terrorism and vice. Being confident of this very thing, that He who has The Christian Church is divided, and many sec- begun a good work in you will perfect it unto the day of tions show little signs of power, faith, love. Mis- Jesus Christ. (Philippians 1: 6.) [3]

THE ASSYRIAN-IRAQI OUTBREAK This incident started the so-called "Assyrian Rebellion." The Government hurried extra police The presence of the Assyrians within the area and troops to the area and formed a force of speof Iraq-strangers within the gate-is one of the cial police from among the Kurds. Thereupon unhappy sequels of the Great War. It is accounted Kurdish and Arab tribesmen started to loot Asfor by the fact that these Assyrians cast in their syrian villages. Around Dohuk, the northernlot with the Allies and were consequently driven most station of the United Mission in Mesopofrom their ancestral homes north of Iraq in the tamia, some individual Assyrians were murdered, Turkish and Persian areas. They were given or spirited away, and Assyrian prisoners were shelter by the British who were then occupying taken as hostages. Thus far the Iraqi Government Iraq. When the British Mandate was terminated, seems to have handled the situation fairly well, the Iraqi Government undertook to settle the considering the traditional feud between the homeless Assyrians on unoccupied lands in North- Kurds and Assyrians. But in the following month, ern Iraq. A Land Commission was appointed by August, there occurred an inexcusable incidentthe Iraqi Government to deal with the disputes a reversion after the manner of the worst days of arising out of the division of Government lands in the Turkish treatment of the Armenians. tribal areas, and a special member of the Commission, Major Thompson, was given the over- Defenceless Villagers Massacred sight of the Assyrian settlement. A short distance from Dohuk is an Assyrian Mar Shimon, the Assyrian Patriarch, opposed village, SumeiI, one of a number of villages that the efforts of the Iraqi Government and refused did not belong to the disaffected group. Many of to cooperate in settling the Assyrian claims. This the villagers were Iraqi citizens and had remained attitude naturally embarrassed the Government, loyal to the Government. Many had given up their as the whole weight of his influence was exerted arms to the police and later the remaining arms against the acceptance by the Assyrians of the were collected so that the village was incapable of Government settlement scheme. This attitude any kind of resistance. This defenceless village, seems to have been dictated by mistrust of the packed with refugees, was then attacked and all good faith of the Iraqi Government and by the the men, with the exception of two or three who fact that the proposed settlement would not leave had left the village, were killed. The small Arab the Assyrians intact as a geographical and polit- population of the town was untouched. Estimates ical unit, with Mar Shimon as the recognized head. of the number massacred vary from 350 to 700.

However, the majority of the Assyrian tribes The Iraqi Government claims that this was the agreed to accept the proposed settlement, but a work of Arab and Kurdish tribesmen who were party of malcontents refused cooperation. They looting and did the killing, and that the troops retired to the mountains with an armed force and hurried there for the defence of the villages. But threatened trouble. The discontent was princi- these claims cannot be accepted as the evidence pally confined to two tribes and can hardly be said points to the Iraqi Army itself acting under to have represented the attitude of the whole As- orders. syrian nation. Last July the Iraqi Government called a meeting of the Assyrian leaders in Mosul, Mar Shimon, the Patriarch of the Assyrians, at which it was announced that the original was deported to Cyprus, and proceeded later to scheme of settlement would be adhered to and Geneva to present this attack upon his people to that, if any group of Assyrians did not like that the League of Nations. plan, the Government would be ready to expedite their emigration. A few days later it was reported At the outbreak of the troubles the members of that these malcontents had appeared in the north- the United Mission in Mesopotamia were at their eastern corner of Iraq and had crossed into Syria. usual stations. Following upon the Assyrian- Shortly after this a body of men, estimated at Iraqi outbreak, the United States Minister reabout 1,500, left their families in the villages and quested those within the troubled area to gather moved across the Tigris River to Syria. The Iraqi in Baghdad. This they did, but since the excite- Government dispatched soldiers to the boundary ment has subsided they have returned to their with orders to disarm all Assyrians who desired stations. to return to Iraq. A large party started to come back across the border, promising to give up their This uphappy incident, following so soon after arms. Either by accident or by intent, shots were the British were relieved of their Mandate by the fired and a general engagement took place between League of Nations, would seem to justify the fear the Iraqi forces and the Assyrians and about 100 that the Iraqi Government is not able to safeguard Assyrians were killed, and half that number of the minorities, and seems to give strength to the Iraqi soldiers. position that British policy should have provided for the Assyrians before relinquishing their Man- date. It seems hardly fair to put such an involved and difficult problem as the Assyrian question into

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

the hands of a new and inexperienced government. government, parliamentary procedure is excluded It is understood that this matter will be taken up and the so-called "principle of the leader" pre- at the January meeting of the League of Nations vails, whereby those in authoritative positions and its action will be awaited with interest. (e. g., bishops) are surrounded by councilors, but ultimate decisions are to be made by the leader THE CHURCH SITUATION IN GERMANY* alone. The entire organization appears to be, not a church, but rather the most concentrated form Visibility is low for the religious situation in of a federation of churches which has ever been Germany. Many earth-born conditions create a conceived. This along with the "principle of the heavy fog. The developments are far from com- leader" provides something new to study in plete and are being constantly readjusted. A cen- church government.

sorship is exercised, and opposing reports have Causes of Religious Agitation partisan backgrounds. Even those who have been on the ground and have conversed with leaders Whatever the value of these plans for a church cannot know all about the purposes and the tend- of the people, they have been greatly hindered and encies ; as these words are written, Washington confused by the second leading fact. Nothing is is not telling us Americans its financial intentions; more interesting and perhaps more confusing in Berlin also keeps its silences. Some religious the long history of the Christian Church than the manifestations in Germany repel us and warp our influence of free movements or societies which judgments. It is not necessary however to give arise within the Church, such as Monasticism, the up the puzzle, for certain leading facts are clear. High Church Movement, the Y. M. C. A. It is a Two are of supreme importance and enable us to strongly organized, free movement which causes discern the meaning of most of the news. the religious excitement today in Germany. Sev- eral years ago a group developed within the Ger- In the first place we can see with reasonable man churches calling itself "German Christians." distinctness the kind of church that Germany aims It was strongly sympathetic with the National to establish. If attained it will give us something Socialist (Nazis, Hitlerites) political party, and new to study in church government. It is not to like that party became pronouncedly anti-semitic. be a State Church. The desire is primarily to It attracted other nominally Christian groups that realize the ol~ ideal of a Church of the people denied the value of Old Testament religion and (Volkskirche). The multitudes that have been in- were developing a religion from Teutonic myths. different are to be reclaimed. With the exception As the Nazi political power grew stronger many of the Roman Catholics, whose special rights are more conservative Christians were attracted to covered by a concordat concluded with the Pope, the "German Christians." They hoped conscienall baptized Christians are included. Materialistic tiously to see a better day, through the establishatheism is repressed along with the crushing of Communism. All moral filth found in the theatre, ment of a single Protestant Church in the nation the movies, literature, etc., is banned. In this peo- and through the overthrow of atheism and of gross ple's church the religious genius or individuality immorality. They expected also to be able to reof Germany is to find a manifestation, just as we sist the radical elements within the "German desire to see national individuality manifested in Christians." When the Nazis triumphed politithe Christianity of India, China and other lands. cally, the "German Christians" claimed the sup- The three chief groups (Lutheran, Reformed, port of the victorious national government in the Unionist) are to maintain their confessional stand- establishment of the new Church, became arroing, and the initial purpose was to include all free gant, maneuvered against the unorganized conchurches (Methodists, Baptists, etc.) under some- servative forces in the Church, secured control, thing like the American "codes" of the N. R. A. filled many of the new bishoprics and other places Everything of a religious nature in the Reich is of leadership, and proclaimed their most radical to be incorporated in this church under "codes," views as though they represented the views of the such as the foreign and inner mission work hither- new Church. to conducted by free societies, the youth move- The "German Christians" overplayed their part. ments like unto the Y. M. C. A., etc. Cults like The reaction has set in forcefully, and became ef- fective when the 450th anniversary of Luther's Russellism are banned. But the organization of this church of the peo- birthday was celebrated. The m e m 0 r y of ple is not democratic. As is true of the national Luther's free and fearless conscience lives vig- orously in Germany, but the opposition as mani- • The Rev. W. O. Lewis, the American Baptist Foreign Mission fested was not directed against the national gov- Society representative In Europe, takes strong exception to the brief article In our November number (page 548) by Pfarrer Thom a ernment, except so far as that government was member of the Executive Committee of the I"tGwearms afrnanCklhyriswrtilatnt~sn" supporting.the "German Christian" party in the :YIr. Lewis views this as "pure propaganda." from the "German Christian" point of view. Dr. Knubel's state- church. It W3,.S not directed against the idea Qf ment will help to clear the situation. 1ilD1TOl!.

the new Church but against the control of the Membership Day when those won were taken into the local churches. A youth rally and united "German Christians," against their machinations, communion service was held in the afternoon for all who had participated in the movement and ::t against their exclusion of Jewish Christians, large ent"husiastic audience heard an address by Dr. Hugh Thomson Kerr who sounded the note: against their radical religious views. Some not- "We have not finished, we carryon."

able success has been attained. The chief suc- The results were encouraging. Over 600 churches were invited to cooperate in the move· cesses will be secured if the national government ment which included eleven denominational and inter-denominational youth organizations. Over recognizes the danger to itself when it supports 1,200 young people attended the training classes where the leaders reported unusual interest. The a party in the church and particularly a party with witnessing evangelism brought in many accessions to the local churches. heathenish views; if furthermore pastors are The primary aim of the movement was to enlist aroused to heed their regular bishops and not the young people to win other young people to Christ but no effort was made for "numbers" at rallies or leaders of a party in the church; if finally the classes. The difficulties of the task and the sacri- fices necessary were fully emphasized. excesses of anti-semitism are checked. Unless The weaknesses of the movement were inadesuch results are gained we shall see the growth of quate financing, unresponsive groups, churches and pastors, lack of ministerial supervision in the free churches in Germany. Let us prayerfully local churches, and a lack of interest on the part of many young people individually. In all local remember that God is alive and that the Church church youth groups where there was leadership, a sense of personal responsibility and a sympain all lands is His. F. H. KNUBEL. thetic pastor, there were definite results and con- versions. YOUTH WIN YOUTH FOR CHRIST The response to this challenge has thrilled With youth on the march in political and social youth leaders and pastors and the age-old belief that youth will respond to Christ whenever the movements all over the world it is encouraging to task is made "hard" enough has again been proved.* find youth also on the march to win youth for THE LAYMEN'S INQUIRY AND THE Christ. This movement in Allegheny County, CHURCH Pennsylvania, is an evangelistic endeavor spon- The Laymen's Foreign Missionary Inquiry is apparently losing sight of its original purpose sored by the Allegheny County Youth Council and and is developing more and more into a propa- ganda. The tendency of this propaganda is, we the Pittsburgh Council of Churches. believe, to split churches and further divide mis- sionary forces, rather than to unite Christians or Preparations were started months in advance to promote missionary work on aNew Testament basis. Recent statements sent out from Chicago and committees of youth leaders, young people, by the National Committee for the Presentation of the Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry show and pastors were appointed to care for promotion, that a determined and systematic effort is being made to win support in all churches for the views finances, rallies, courses of study and training expressed in "Re-Thinking Missions." It is called "a nation-wide educational program for extendclasses. ing knowledge of the Report into the very heart On October 2 (1933) ~one-day evangelistic con· of America's churches under the direction of the National Committee for the Presentation of the ference was held and ov~r 300 pastors attended. Inquiry." The committee offers to send speakers, Speakers were Dr. Wm. F. Klein, Dr. Bernard C. * Wm. S. Wise, President ot the Allegheny County Youth CounCil, Clausen, Dr. H. B. McCormick, Dr. Jesse M. and Dr. S. M. Laing, Chairman of the Commission on Evangelism Bader, Dr. Hugh Thoms~n Kerr, Miss Miriam of the Pittsburgh Councll of Churches, headed the movement in thp Pittsburgh area. The plan was originally projected by the Federal Peters and Mr. Henry B. Lindstrom. The eve- Coullcil of Churches of Christ in America.

ning session was a large youth rally.

From October 3 to Noyember 5, the entire youth program of local c~urches was centered upon evangelism under theipersonal direction of the pastor. On the last day a youth rally and mass meeting was held to :pear Dr. Walter B.

Greenway on personal worJ< and responsibility.

Then followed four days during which twenty-five training classes in personal evangelism were held in twenty-five centrally located churches of the county. These were taught by capable pastors.

A four-chapter study course entitled, "Youth for Christ," was studied and the young people were given practical training for personal work.

An exchange of youth speakers in local Young Peoples' Societies and Leagues was carried out on the evening of November twelfth.

During the next two weeks the young people, having been trained in the classes, were asked to go out and witness for Christ under the local pastor's supervision. November 19 was Decision Day in the local churches and November 26 was

without expense to the churches, to fifty or more norm-the authority for our missionary purpose, cities. The purpose is to see that the views ex- principles and methods. pressed in the Report "become imbedded in the thought of the local churches." They, though never It is right that tlie results of the Laymen's Inthemselves engaged in active missionary work, quiry should be presented fully to the churches but now seek to "guide the missionary enterprise to would it not be more likely to bring out the truth new levels of dignity and service." To gain a if both views-those of the New Testament and of wider reading they not only offer a special edition modern philosophers–could be presented to the of "Re-Thinking Missions" at twenty-five cents a same audiences at the same time? Already the copy but have prepared a "Digest" of the report Christian forces are seriously divided on the Rein 6,000 words which they offer at four cents a port-as to its statement of facts, its interpretacopy. The National Committee which is sponsor- tion of Christian truth and its recommendations ing this propaganda is large and representative as to missionary methods. Appraisers and others of many churches; it contains some surprising sympathetic with the findings of the Report elonames of prominent pastors and friends of For- quently present their arguments for acceptance. Should not the same audience hear the objections eign Missions. raised by such recognized leaders as Robert E. There is no question as to the honesty and abil- Speer, E. Stanley Jones, Toyohiko Kagawa and Bishop Badley? Many who read the Report do ity or Christian character of the members of this not know that a large majority of the missionaries Inquiry and of the sponsors and members of this and National Christians on the mission fields and National Committee. There are, however, grave many of the leading advocates of missions in reasons to doubt the value of the Report, as a America, in England and on the European contiwhole, to the promotion of Christian missions, nent, deny the accuracy of some statements in the and the wisdom or helpfulness of the present Report, refuse to accept its doctrinal basis and method of presenting it to the churches. Chris- question the wisdom of many of its recommendatians believe in liberty of thought and expression; tions. we believe in freedom to investigate and to present the results of investigation so that those inter- In these days when Christians are earnestly ested can know the facts and can be free to choose seeking greater unity and power under the bantheir course of action. But everything should be ner of Christ, the active propaganda carried on to judged by its own merits. promote the views expressed in this Report will split asunder churches and denominations. In Has the Laymen's Inquiry stood on its merits? fact this is already taking place. Many conscien- If could never have been undertaken had it not tious Christians refuse to support missions on the been generously subsidized by one man. The Re- basis of this Report and threaten to withdraw port could not have been so wigely distributed and their support from Boards that accept its philosthe present propaganda could not have been con- ophy and some of its recommendations. Even ducted without the support of these same private Boards are divided and so find it difficult to carry funds. When missionaries and Mission 'Boards with them a divided constituency. While the memare in sore financial straits so that it has been bers of the Appraisal Committee and the sponsors necessary to recall workers and close stations, no doubt desire to promote Christianity, and have over half a million dollars have been spent to in- no wish to divide the Church, the evidence seems troduce a new and wholly modern philosophy of clear that they will fail in what they would do but mISSIOns. There could be no valid objection to will succeed in what they would avoid. this if the new is also true and based on the work and teachings of Christ and on the New Testa- THE GERMAN CHURCH AND THE JEWS ment ideals for which Christians stand. Should not a sympathetic inquiry into Christian mis- In the pursuit of his policy of national unificasions be in harmony with ideals and methods of tion, Adolf Hitler, the National Socialist dictator Christ and should not recommendations and re- of Germany, has sought to bring the ecclesiastical sults be studied in the light of the New Testament forces of the country into accord with Nazi which is the Magna Charta of Christianity? On policies. A concordat was signed with the Roman the contrary this inquiry seems to be based on a Catholic Church. Plans were also formulated to new philosophy of life and religion. The work of unite the Protestant forces in a German Evan- Foreign Missions apparently was not studied by gelical Church under a Reich-bishop, with a cabthis Commission to see if it harmonizes with the inet of three bishops and a legal adviser to repre- Spirit and teachings of Christ and His Apostles sent the three synods of the new organizationbut to discover whether it coincides with modern the old Prussian Union, the Lutheran and the thought and methods. In other words, the teachings and examples of Christ and the New Testa- Reformed. ment are nowhere definitely recognized as the It was inevitable that in a Church so highly na-

tionalized the anti-semitic policies of the State erecting a racial law as a prerequisite of Chrisshould find expression in its administration. The tian communion. But in doing so, i~ loses Christ sudden rise to power of a group within the Ger- Himself who is the goal of even this human purely man Evangelical Church, known as "Deutsche temporal law. The Christian Church cannot deny Christen," or "German Christians," brought into to any Christian brother the Christian communion the church the Aryan or Teutonic principles which he seeks." adopted by the government. The resentment of the protesting pastors was The Nazi program of "racial purity," designed further intensified by a meeting of the "German to eliminate non-Aryans – more specifically Jews Christians" in Berlin on November 15, when ex- -from positions of leadership and to install Ger- tremists within the group voiced their purpose to mans in their places, was adapted to the Church, rid the German Christian religion of everything and this policy found formal expression at a meet- distinctively Jewish, which included the rejection ing of the Old Prussian Union Synod on Septem- of the Old Testament, the bringing of the New ber 6, 1933, when the following article was placed Testament into accord with German ideals, and in the new constitution: the restoration to the German people of their own ancient folk religion as more in keeping with the "Persons of non-Aryan descent or married to German spirit. persons of non-Aryan descent may not be admitted to the office of pastor or employed in the A New Protestant Movement general church administration. Pastors and officers who are married to persons of non-Aryan The celebration of the four hundred and fiftieth descent are to be released." anniversary of the birth of Martin Luther on No- vember 19, furnished the occasion for 3,000 Ger- The hardship of this regulation is greatly en- man Evangelical pastors to voice their open relarged since "persons of non-Aryan descent" in- bellion against the dictatorship of the State in clude all who have one parent or grandparent of matters of faith, and their protests against the Jewish blood. All such are classed as Jews, and "pagan" pronouncements of the "German Chrissuffer the disabilities meted out to the Jewish peo- tians." Through their organization, the "League ple. Already three hundred pastors who come of Opposition Clergy," which embraces the most within this category have been released. distinguished, most scholarly, and most respected pastors in the German Evangelical Church, an But not all Lutheran and Reformed pastors ultimatum was presented to Reich-bishop Ludwig have been swept from their traditional Protestant Mueller demanding the removal of Bishop Hosmoorings by the tidal wave of anti-semitic hysteria senfelder, head of the "German Christians," for that has taken possession of the ruling party in permitting the Berlin meeting, and especially for Germany. Three thousand pastors of the Ger- failing to rebuke the "pagan" utterances of those man Evangelical Church have refused to sur- who participated. render to the State the essential Protestant prerogatives that have obtained in Germany since the An unparalleled element of surprise in this days of Luther – freedom of conscience and the spiritual autonomy of the Church. Especially is struggle for the maintenance of the Evangelical the exclusion of Christian Jews from the fellowship of the Church condemned as a betrayal of faith in Germany has been the support received Christ Himself. from the leaders of the Roman Catholic Church. Superintendent Dibelius, speaking in the Garrison Church at Potsdam on the occasion of the Sweeping aside age-long grudges, the Roman assumption of power by Hitler, said, pointing to the figure of Christ on the altar: "If He who is Catholic newspaper, Germania, declared: "This represented on this cross on this altar is not the Son of God, but merely the representative of the fight is not an internal Protestant matter. We Nordic race, then take away this cross, pull down this church, we remain lost mortals chained to our Catholics cannot afford to sit coolly or gloatingly humanity." by. Belief in Christ-the thing that Protestant- Dr. Karl Barth, the eminent theologian, declares: "If the German Evangelical Church ex- ism and Catholicism have in common – is at cludes Jewish Christians, or treats them as inferior, it is no longer a Christian Church." In stake." an appeal to the ministers of the Old Prussian Union by the leading divines of Berlin, the fol- What the outcome of this new battle for Protlowing statement was made: "The exclusion of Jewish Christians from our communion of wor- estant principles in Germany will be cannot now ship would mean that the excluding Church is be foretold. A crisis is imminent. The revolt against the "neo-Germanic heathendom" has be- come so tense and far-reaching that some of the leaders of the Evangelical party feel that a new Reformation movement has already come to birth.

The sympathy of evangelical Christians through- out the world will be with the intrepid band of German Evangelicals who are fighting nobly for the right to preach the Gospel of Christ without limitation. J. S. CONNING.

Fraser of

-.-I!!{ By the REV. MILLAR PATRICK, D.D., I Edinburgh, Scotland Vice· Convenor of the Foreign Mission Committee of the Church of Scotland T HE missionary cause lost one of its brightest sionary Movement, which was deeply moving the ornaments by the death on August 16 of the colleges of America. It was in the nature of Rev. Donald Fraser, D.D., organizing secre- things that Fraser should be one of the first to be'

tary for foreign missions of the Church of Scot- caught in the net which Wilder cast. For he was land, ex-Moderator of the Church, chaplain to the a Celt, imaginative, romantic, keen of vision, and King, but best known as one of the most outstand- deeply spiritual. There was wonderful material ing of missionaries to Africa. A Scot of the Scots, in his nature, just waiting for the kindling spark he was yet an international figure, well known in that would set it ,gloriously aflame for God. Be- the churches of three con- fore he heard Wilder speak tinents, and beloved wher- the spark had fallen. With ever he was known. other students he had gone Donald Fraser was born to Keswick for the Conven- in 1870 at Lochgilphead, a tion there in 1891. His little town nestling in a faith was still somewhat in- nook of Loch Fyne, which is definite, but before the pro- one of the long arms which ceedings had far advanced, the Firth of Clyde thrusts he heard God speak to him far up into the highlands of and went through a deep Argyll. In his early years spiritual experience t hat Scotland was being swept prepared him for his call.

by one of the most fruitful Through Wilder the call of all the revivals it has was heard, and at once his ever known. His father, life was surrendered to God a minister of the F r e e for missionary service.

Church, was heart and soul Fraser's divinity course in the movement, and his was never completed. In fervid eloquence was one of 1893, on the suggestion of the chief means of spread- J. H. Maclean, a fellow-stu- ing it in the west. So dent, now a distinguished Donald saw, in the congre- DR. DONALO FRASER missionary and protagonist gation w her e he was of Christian Union in South brought up, such fruits of the Spirit that there India, he was appointed traveling secretary of the was born in him that unbounded faith in the Student Volunteer Union for Great Britain. At quickening and renewing power of God which was once he was recognized as a man of rare power.

one of the forces that governed him to the end. He had in a high degree the Scotch fervor which Sent to Glasgow for education, he passed distinguishes the finest of his race, intensified by through the high school and the university to the the pure fire enkindled by the Divine Spirit. He theological college of the Free Church, then had signal gifts of leadership, energy, courage, thronged by brilliant men who" were afterwards tact, determination, and the golden tongue of an to attain high distinction in the home Church and orator. He had need of these gifts, for he faced in the foreign field. Distinction in his classes a difficult task. Heads of colleges were unwilling there was none, but from the first it was recog- to encourage a religious movement which had not nized that he was a man of rare endowments. yet had time to justify itself, and students were When he was midway through his divinity course, unresponsive. Sometimes Fraser would a,sk in a Robert P. Wilder crossed the Atlantic to tell college for a Christian student who might be used British students of the Student Volunteer Mis- as a leader, to be told that so far as was known [ 9]

there was not one. But in spite of discouraging dent's conference at Stellenbosch, the Dutch stucircumstances he did notable work in laying dent centre, and to carry the torch of evangelism soundly the foundations of the now great and and missionary enthusiasm through the student trusted Student Christian Movement in Great communities of that land. That experience made Britain. This part of his work was crowned by his name one to conjure with in the sub-continent, his chairmanship of the first great Quadrennial so that when he returned nearly thirty years later International Conference of the Movement at (in 1925) for a united missionary campaign, he Liverpool in 1896. His presidency was a triumph. found all doors open to him and all pulpits at his He revealed himself as a master of assemblies, service. The Bishop of Johannesburg said: "He gracious, dexterous, humorous, conquering every- was one of those who by their very life bring the body by the winsomeness of his spirit, and above union of Christians nearer. I could never find in our discussionsthat our views varied in any essen- MRS. DONALD FRASER tial matter. He had as strong a sense of the real presence of the Lord as 1. But then he was always all by that indefinable, magnetic, spiritual quality conscious of Him, for Christ was his life." in which others recognize the indubitable touch of God. Donald Fraser was a born missionary. From the beginning of his work in Livingstonia his After the Liverpool Conference he visited the unique power made itself felt. He had uncommon continent of Europe – to France, Switzerland, intellectual gifts – imagination, a power of sym- Germany, and the Scandinavian countries – stir- pathetic understanding amounting almost to diring the stagnant spiritual life of the universities vination, constructive ideas and courage to turn and awakening missionary interest. His visit was them into action, and a persuasiveness of speech so quickening that it has been definitely ranked as which few found it possible to resist. He was an historic event in continental religious life. "one of nature's gentlemen" but he was more; his was the courtesy of Christ. To young mission- Later in the same year (1896) he set out for aries he used to say, "The more you can observ~ Livingstonia, the great mission in Nyasaland the Golden Rule, the greater will be your chance which had been undertaken by the Free Church of success." He had earned the right to say that, of Scotland in direct response to Livingstone's for he had tried the Rule out in every kind of cirhistoric appeal for the unevangelized and slavery- cumstance, and found it to be the law of practical ridden natives of Central Africa. On the way wisdom_ But his power lay also in a charm which Fraser was detained in South Africa, whither his was of the very essence of his spirit. The most fame had traveled before him, to preside at a stu- fastidious of European audiences and the most re- fractory of African chiefs alike fell under its spell. The natives called him Chisekeseke, "the man who smiles with everybody." The smile was an emanation of personality, the outward and visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace. All who saw it beam on them were aware of a warmth of kindliness flowing out to them and enfolding them. Even before intelligible speech was possible be- tween them, the Africans understood that here was a man who had them in his heart.

First stationed at Ekwendeni to relieve a mis- sionary on furlough, Fraser found himself among "the wild Ngoni," a warlike, virile, intelligent, at- tractive people, physically superb, and responsive to friendliness. An early experience suggested another spirit. Out in the bush one day he en- countered a band of warriors, in the full panoply of their fighting array, coming towards him. If he guessed that their intention was hostile, who could blame him? But it was really pacific. They came as messengers from their people at Hora to ask why he had not come to settle among them, since their need was great.

Such an appeal was irresistible, and as soon as he was free. to do so, to Hora he went. There had

DONALD FRASER OF LIVINGSTONIA

been a mISSIOn station there before, but it was people unless it were translated into the idiom of derelict, and he had to build everything up from their own modes of thought, and interwoven with the foundation. But it was not there that his their own traditionary practices. Song and game great work was to be done. The people under eco- and tribal dance were not tabooed, but were nomic pressure had to move. In search of grass- cleansed, born anew, and baptized into the cult of land they left that district and trekked southward. Christ. In this way he secured that the Church that was growing up under him would not be alien THE CHURCH AT LOUDON to the people, but molded by their own genius, The whole cost of the building, which accommodates about having distinctive African elements in its wor- 2,500, was less than £1,000 and was mostly erected by free ship. Thus it has become in the best sense a na- labor. tive church. Already it has come, through the fires of great spiritual awakenings, to have its Fraser went with them and settled where they own definite spiritual inheritance and its own roll settled, founding among them the great station of saints. which he called Loudon, in memory of a friend of David Livingstone, and now inseparably asso- Fraser's marriage in 1901 to Dr. Agnes Fraser, ciated with his own name. daughter of one of Scotland's missionary states- men, greatly increased his usefulness. She han One of Fraser's first tasks was to make the been a secretary of the Student Movement and desert blossom as the rose. In the dry season he was wholly one with him in spirit, able also, and got the people to throw a dam across a dry tor- rich in attractive personal gifts. Under her, the rent bed, and when the rains came the water hospital at Loudon flourished. She bore her husformed a beautiful lake. Here was a permanent band company on many of his journeys, caring for water supply in what had been a dry and thirsty his own health and ministering to the people, beland. Next he carried out a simple but effective sides undertaking many necessary professional system of irrigation. Trees were planted ann journeys of her own among the villages, where the fruits grew luxuriantly. Seeds were brought rate of mortality was very high before she came from the coast and sown, and for the first time the to heal and teach hygiene. natives saw gardens producing flowers and fruit. It is said that the missionary's children, in due THE CONGREGATION A,SSEMBLING OUTSIDE THE CHURCH time, grumbled at having strawberries and cream A congregation of 7,000 can be addressed without much effort. every day, and asked for rice pudding by way of a change. A new breed of hens was introduced Fraser's own toils were unceasing. His field and the natives, to their amazement, saw the size was continually expanding and covered 2,000 of eggs doubled. square miles, with a population of 150,000. Con- stant itineration was necessary. He had nearly Donald Fraser was the sanest and most prac- 200 schools to visit, and it cost him 3,000 miles of tical of idealists. Frontal attack' on the pagan marching to go round among them once a year. ideas of the people was not enough. Their minds There were 370 teachers in the end, and over must be patiently besieged on every side. Every 10,000 scholars. The Christian community grew civilizing influence must be called in to support to 11,000 souls, with a church session of 70, and a the central appeal of the Gospel, if the garrison deacons' court of 70 more. The great church he of superstitions in possession of the people's hearts built accommodated 2,500 people, but at comwas to be conquered and cast out. There must munion times it was quite inadequate. A platform also be discrimination between hurtful things in the ideas and customs of the people, which must of necessity be discarded, and the relatively innocuous things, which might be purified and preserved. It is never good mission policy to make the rupture with tradition too sudden and complete. Fraser realized that the new faith he wanted to commend would not capture or hold the

had then to be built outside, and round it as many evident, too, that his health could not much longer as 7,000 people would gather, seating themselves stand the strain of unsparing labor in the midas our Lord's audiences did, on the green grass. African climate; he was with increasing fre- quency prostrated by malaria. So, in 1925 he was The influence of the mission, however, was not called to Scotland to spend the remaining years of to be measured only even by such remarkable fig- his life in such work as only he could do for the ures as these. The whole community responded quickening of the home Church's spiritual life and to it. Gradually the evils associated with polyg- the deepening of its missionary spirit. He was amy, magic and drunkenness diminished, and the inexhaustible in ideas and had the rare faculty of general standard of morality rose. It was owing getting others to believe in them and support to the great influence of Fraser and his colleagues them. In two directions his unique power over that in 1904 the annexation of Ngoniland was people was particularly evident. Hard-headed peacefully accomplished. Till then the people had business men had an unlimited belief in him, and been grievously exposed to wrongs for which there were willing to back him with liberal financial was no redress at the hands of unprincipled help. To this persuasive influence was due the traders and filibusters. Protection against these Lovedale Bible School and the development of was secured when the country was brought under medical missions in the Church of Scotland'l;l the reign of law. It is significant of the complete South African field. No less marked was his intrust which the chiefs and their people reposed in fluence with young people. He was inextinguishthe missionaries that the annexation was accom- ably young in spirit, and his humor and gaiety, as plished by the British Commissioner unattended well as his romantic record and his manifestly by any kind of escort, standing alone among thou- consecrated spirit, gave him a kingdom over the sands of tribesmen armed as though for battle. heart of the youth of the Church which was all his own. The physical strain of Fraser's labors was tremendous. He toiled habitually far beyond his His last great enterprise was a Forward Movestrength. Yet when his furloughs came, they ment in the reunited Church of Scotland. Organ– meant no rest for him. He had sometimes books ized with all his unequalled thoroughness and skill, to write; entrancing books in first-rate English, it made a wide and deep impression. Only last with a journalist's unerring eye for picturesque June it closed with a great Church Congress at detail. His first book, "The Future of Africa," Troon. There, though illness was upon him, his was followed by "Winning a Primitive People," face shone with happiness. The closing address, "African Idylls," and "The Autobiography of an given by himself, was on Christlikeness. Every- African Chief." He also produced many pam- one felt that better than even his own eloquent phlets, and was a frequent contributor to British and moving speech, his personality let the listeners and American periodicals. His vivid letters from see the beautiful and subduing thing signified by the field whetted the appetite of people at home for that word. To the present writer Dr. T. R. Glover what he could tell them in equally vivid and en- turned one day and said, "Did you ever know a thralling speech. No missionary could command man of such perfect charm?" So everyone felt such great or eager audiences, and none was so about him, and equally everyone knew that though little able to withstand appeals for his services. there were natural elements in it, in a singular On one furlough he visited America, and came combination of attractive gifts, the ultimate exback so much on fire with enthusiasm for the mis- planation of that charm was that Fraser was a sion study movement that he was kept at home great Christian, and that it was the Christ in his for a year to propagate it among the Scottish heart that gave the winsomeness and the beauty churches. In another furlough he organized a to his life. great nation-wide missionary campaign, in which he brought all branches of the Church in Scotland Scotland will long remember Donald Fraser as into harmonious cooperation. one of the most lovable and beloved men of his generation; as a man great in his friendships and These activities made a deep impression on loyalties; as one whose name deserves to rank Scotland. Fraser became a national figure and the with the most distinguished of the missionary feeling grew that a man of such proved powers heroes of his race, and above all, as a valiant was needed at home to organize his own Church's soldier of Jesus Christ. missionary interest and effort. It was becoming NEW STRENGTH FOR NEW TASKS Fifty years ago it was not as difficult as it is now to keep the church members spiritually minded. There were not the modern distractions to keep people from church or to divert their thoughts from spiritual impressions made when they did attend. There were no automobiles, no movies, no radio, no apartment houses, no Sunday excursions, no golf courses, no baseball or football, no Sunday newspapers that had any remote resemblance to the mammoth sheets of today. If, from a spiritual point of view, the times in which we are living are worse than they were fifty years ago our safeguard lies in strengthening our souls with greater power of spiritual resistance and counteract- Charles L. Fry. ing prevalent evils by the power of Christ in us.

Missionary an Evangelist*

I -e{ By the late DONALD FRASER of Livingstonia Ji- EVERY effort to present Jesus Christ to men of drudgery, than in spiritual fashion to present is, I judge, an evangelistic attempt. But we Jesus Christ. And yet I am quite sure that the must be very careful that it is the whole daily presentation of Jesus Christ in an honest Christ whom we are presenting to the non-Chris- fashion never interferes with our efficiency. I do tian world, and not part. I do not think the whole not believe, for example, that a man engaged in Christ is presented simply by the proclamation of training apprentices has any right to interrupt His Gospel through the lips. When Christ is pre- the work by reading the Bible during working sented and received, the whole individual and so- hours; but when a man is full of the spirit of cial life of the person will be affected. We should Christ, he will find opportunities all day long and never hinder any free expression of the spirit of every day for presenting Christ to those who are Jesus Christ, or put any limit on philanthropic under his care.

work. I cannot think that any hospitals are There was a carpenter who worked at my sta- started merely as a means of getting men to come tion for a year, and he had thirty apprentices in where we may preach to them or that schools under him. When he went Home, there was not are started that scholars may be compelled to one of those apprentices who did not profess al- listen to Bible lessons. When Jesus Christ comes legiance to Christ, and yet he did no less efficient into a man's heart, He creates such a spirit of or less earnest work as a carpenter than the best brotherhood with the whole world, that we can- commercial carpenter who was working only for not bear to see suffering and ignorance without money. I think of two institutions in Africa for an attempt to relieve that suffering and enlighten the training of teachers, both well developed edu- that ignorance. "The works that I do in my Fa- cational institutions. In one I do not think proper ther's name," said Jesus Christ, "they bear wit- emphasis is laid on the presentation of Jesus ness of me." I think that a free expression of Christ to the pupils. In one of the out-stations the spirit of Jesus Christ, day by day, should al- supplied with teachers from this institution the ways be encouraged, and if there be any that are missionary in charge told me that he had just sick, that is sufficient reason for philanthrop"ic sent to it for a few more teachers, but was com- work. pelled to add: "Don't send us any drunkards."

But philanthropic work by itself cannot evan- The other institution is even more efficient edu- gelize the world. There are government colleges cationally, but here the men are impressed with in India, where education of the best sort may be the conviction that there is no permanent char- had; and yet they only turn out moral theorists acter except that which is founded on Jesus and philosophic visionaries; a sort of speculative Christ: that the only efficient teacher for the re- philosophy is about all they attain in the way of a generation of Africa is the man who has come religious system…… Neither education, nor into living touch with Christ. A man from that philanthropic effort, nor even the strongest dis- institution is inspired with missionary zeal and cipline will regenerate a nation. These things are is qualified in every way to teach. He not only right, and they must be done. It is not the expres- teaches his classes thoroughly, but he uses every sion of the spirit of Christ that regenerates, but spare moment for spreading the Gospel. I do not the Spirit Himself. We have to see that in all believe intense religious fervor hinders efficient our efforts there is no hiding of the living Christ; work; on the contrary, it renders men more faith- let it appear plainly that we try to bring men and ful and more competent, and it develops in them women into touch with the living Christ. higher qualities than they would otherwise have.

I fear that this is often forgotten. We become The apostle Paul was consecrated to the idea of so busy with the details of our work that we for- preaching continually the Gospel of God's forgive- get the main object. It is ten times easier to be ness. He preached publicly and daily from house faithful in business than it is to be spiritually to house, but that put no limit on the type of work faithful. It is ten times easier to do the hard work he did. He himself, in speaking of his manual labor, says that he did it in order that he might vil~e~~:ndn~~e~: ~~~x~red at the Student Volunteer Convention, Nash- be an example to them in all things, and he speaks [ 13]

of his life so being spent that he might be a man of the life he led-how he was not only a preacher approved of God. He did not think that his mis- and evangelist, but a teacher with a vast number sion was finished after the mere theoretical ex- of subsidiary schools under his supervision; a pression of the Gospel of forgiveness; but he pre- translator of the Scripture into the native dialect, sented in every way-by his words and by his life toiling with grammar and Hebrew roots and Greek -the unspeakable riches of God. His Gospel goes tenses; a big-game hunter to provide meat with on with the presentation of Jesus Christ, until his gun for his followers while on his endless jour- Christ is formed in man. neys (he had to travel 2,000 miles to visit all his If we keep strongly before us the purpose to schools); a magistrate and representative of the present Jesus Christ day by day, we will find that British Government to put down slave-raiding and the whole day is full of marvelous opportunities to preserve law and order; a mechanic to instruct to do evangelistic work – among the fields, in the natives in all manner of useful crafts, an engi- schools, among patients, we will find opportunities neer to build a reservoir to provide a perennial constantly of dropping a word here and there, of supply of fresh water (his knowledge of how to saying something and doing something which will build the dam, he confessed to me, was derived help to reveal the living Christ to those who come from an article in "The Encyclopredia Britan- in contact with us. Our days will be full of op- nica" 1); an agriculturist and farmer to increase portunities for presenting Jesus Christ to an un- the food for the great native population (he ar- evangelized world. It is when men have forgotten ranged with the chiefs to wring the necks of every this, that the loving Jesus alone regenerates- scraggy fowl in the country and to receive in ex- then they begin to leave mission work and turn change a breed of hens which would double the into ambassadors, or traders, thinking they can output of eggs t); a Plague Inspector and Health do more for the world by entering into some sec- Officer, introducing modern methods of stamping ular profession. They become shriveled up. But out disease, a task in which he was nobly assisted when a man is wholly dedicated to God, there is. by his wife, who was a qualified doctor, etc., etc.

no limit to his opportunity of preaching Christ. He made full proof of his ministry, and in this He can live Christ day by day, so that his life be- way he made a deep mark on Africa. By his help comes a daily proclamation of the attractions and in delimiting frontiers, and in winning the con- power of Christ to everyone who come into con- sent of the natives to be included in the Nyasa- tact with him. This, after all, must be the true land Protectorate, he earned the gratitude of suc- fulfilment of our evangelism, that we shall seek cessive Governors, notably that of Sir Alfred to live in Jesus Christ, so that those who meet with Sharpe.

us may learn to know our Lord. His statesmanlike wisdom and comprehensive A Tribute by Rev. G. A. Frank Knight, D.D. outlook brought him into close contact with leaders in the political world who were dealing with the Donald Fraser was one of Scotland's ripest problems of the native races. With General Smuts saints, exhibiting a passion for Christ and a con- and General Hertzog he conferred on matters afsecration of life and character that humbled me fecting white and black in Africa, and his experiand filled me with a reverent wonder. The frag- ence and sanity of judgment did much to shape rance of his gracious spirit and the beauty of his public opinion. His influence on the Dutch Re- Christ-filled life made him universally beloved. It formed Church of South Africa was profound. was given to him, more than to any other Church If today that Church is full of missionary fervor, leader, to inspire despondent hearts with a new the transformation of its inner spirit is due not a trust in God, to invigorate the missionary energies little to the strenuous pleading of Donald Fraser. of congregations, and to fan into a holy flame a new zeal for upbuilding the Kingdom of God. The secret of all his abounding zeal and fruitful When he entered on his missionary career in toil is traceable to the fact that in his early Glas- Livingstonia his work was increasingly remark- gow days Donald Fraser passed through a pro- able. His buoyant spirit carried him through the found spiritual experience. From the whole- hardest tasks, and he soon proved himself to be hearted dedication of his soul to Christ there one of the "great" missionaries of which Africa sprang all the rich fruitage of a life that has has possessed so many. I have heard him describ- brought blessing to multitudes.-From the "Brit- ing in his inimitable way the wonderful variety ish WeeklY."

"It takes mighty good stuff to be a missionary of the right type, the best stuff there is in the world. It takes a good deal of courage to break the shell and go 12,000 miles away to risk an unfriendly climate, to master a foreign language, to adopt strange customs, to turn aside from earthly fame and emolument, and, most of all, to say good-bye to home and the faces of the loved ones, virtually forever." THEODORE ROOSEVELT.

Unrepentant Missionary*

By LILLIAN L. PICKEN, B.~ Jilc-~- Satara, Bombay Pres., India I ONE question comes up again and again: asked to do ushering, arrange recreation, plan ex- Why are you a missionary? Twenty-five cursions, etc.; but this girl said, "We will have years ago when I was in a Y. W. C. A. meetings every day at noon, do our business, and Student Conference in Colorado, a young lady then have prayer." She had written to every said to me, "You can't be a student volunteer; state secretary in those ten states and had a list you're no pious stick; why do you want to be a of the leading girls from each state who came up missionary?" Five years ago, when I was on a there with no idea of a religious conference. We train from Boston to New York, a gentleman, prayed for those girls that they might find Jesus about sixty-five years old, sat down beside me. Christ; we prayed day by day and we saw mir- He found out that I was a mis- acles happen right there. There sionary and said, "Heavens! were two girls at that first con- What are you a missionary Why do well educated, am- ference, one was a professing for ?" bitious, attractive young men Christian, and the other was and young women leave their 1 am a missionary first and not. There was a prayer room foremost because when sixteen friends, homes and good op- but everyone took their quiet I saw a life transformed. A portunities in America to hour out in the woods. These friend, who was a little older work among foreign peoples, two girls thought it was too re- than I, was an attractive girl with many hardships in diffi- ligious and they decided to but was self-centered and self- cult fields? Are they moved leave. Every leader begged ish. She went away to the Uni- by a spirit of adventure, by a them not to go and asked us of versity and came back in her moderissiwgreuhiadtteo?d ascSeqonumtiierme aermneetarreiltsi,tslmebsys- the Recreation Committee to junior year, shining and ra- pray for them. We all prayed diant. I hardly knew her; I and disappointed. What is that they should not leave, but looked to see if she wouldn't the secret of the difference? they packed their suit cases, snap back to the old Susie, bilt Read what an ambitious and went right past where we she was a new Susie. She had young woman says of her ex- were praying for them and on- something to tell me. She had perience. You will find there to the train. They got on the brought home a Bible outline an answer to these questions. train, but before it pulled out, and had come in contact with the girl that was not a Chris- Christ and wanted me to have tian turned to the other and the same experience; but 1 wasn't going to do it. said, "I can't go." They got off that train and When she had gone back to the University, 1 came back. We went on praying for them. When couldn't get away from the fact that she was dif- those two girls got into their room, the girl who ferent. Finally one day 1 knelt down and said, was not a Christian said to the other, "Does Jesus "God, if there is any power in Heaven or earth mean anything to you? We've been friends for that will change a life as that girl's has been two years and you have never mentioned Him to changed, please give me that power." me. If He means anything to you, tell me about You can't pray a prayer like that, if you mean it." The other girl said, "He does mean some- it, without something happening. 1 was pretty thing to me, but He hasn't meant enough to me to self-conscious about prayer and Bible study every talk about Him. These other people seem to have morning but 1 got something-yes, and Christ got something in their lives, so let's find out what it me, too. 1 went to a Y. W. C. A. conference the is." Those two girls went away from that con- next year and 1 saw this work by the laboratory ference radiant. for they had found Christ.

method of prayer, Bible study and personal work. At that conference 1 heard J. Lovell Murray The next summer 1 was on the Recreational give a series of lectures on the need for teachers, Committee with a big girl from Texas. We were doctors, nurses and social workers in America as —~ compared with the need in the Orient and in the Moslem World 1 was quite dumbfounded' he Oct•oAbCI l' a2d9d,re1s9s33g,-iven in the rnited :Iissionary Conferences, Sunday, ., [15 ]

had some simple charts with the number of pupils we could find. When we finished this study I per teacher, and the number of patients per doc- found that I could pray. In the third chapter of tor. In America the number of doctors was one Ephesians, 14th to 21st verses, is the most satisin a hundred so that everybody could get to a fying prayer I know to bring anyone into contact doctor if they needed one. The number of teachers with God. was enough so that everybody could go to school if they wanted to study. In China and India there Next, I studied the promises. I wrote down were a million women to every woman doctor. It every promise Jesus made so as to see what He seemed to me that if I had just one life to invest, wants a life to be. Then I looked at my life and I naturally wanted to invest it in the place where I thought: What's the matter? I went back and it would count the most. After I heard those lec- found that a condition is attached to every promtures, I went into the woods and read the sixth ise; so I began trying to fulfill the conditionschapter of Isaiah where the young man told of I am still learning. his vision of God and heard the voice of God. I had never realized before that God had need of us A friend of rhine was worrying about the deity to do His work. We can't hear His voice when of Christ. I said to her: "Why take other peowe are so busy thinking about ourselves. We must ples' words; let's see what Jesus Himself said. let Him cleanse our lips and lives with fire. When So we wrote down everything Jesus said about Isaiah had received that cleansing he said, "Here Himself. Any man who could make such claims am I, send me." I gave that same answer that must be either a fool, a deluded man who thinks morning; there didn't seem anything else to do. he can do all this, or a cunning deceiver, who hopes I heard God saying, "Whom shall I send and whp by his deception to lure men to higher levels of will go for us," and I merely said, "Here am I, living, or else He must be what He says He is. send me." You can take your choice; I took mine! I have gone on with that method of Bible study and find I wanted to go to China for six years, and I it the most helpful thing in my experience; measended up in India. I loved the Chinese people; uring my life constantly with that Life which is they have so much backbone; the Indians have the very window in the heart of God. some other good qualities. If God shuts one door, that is all right. The point is to be willing to go In India, a group Of us were in the villages dowherever He wants you to go. ing evangelistic work, giving out medicines, going to homes, singing these wonderful hymns of Tilak, Bible Study that Means Something having meetings, showing pictures of the life of Christ. Somebody in our group quarreled; every- Something that has meant a great deal to me one took sides; but then we would go out and through these years, both before I went to the mis- preach and come home and not speak to each sion field and after, is the kind of applied Bible other. One day I said, "We are not going out tostudy suggested by Louise Holmquist some years day; we are not going to do any teaching, give any ago. It is this: "Take your need, whatever it is, medicine, or anything. Get your Bibles and we and go to the New Testament with it and you will will read through the four Gospels and see what find light on it." I think there is no human prob- we can find about forgiveness." I had often read lem that can come into your life on which you can- the whole New Testament but I had never seen not find some help in that way. You do not need forgiveness in the light I saw it then. Later we anything but a Bible, notebook, pencil. time, and went around to visit some villages. The mud was an open mind. If you will take those five things a foot deep but finally it dried up and we packed and go to the Bible, you will get help. our tents and went on to the next place. The next day the Christians were down where the Brah- But what I needed most was prayer. I was :it mans wash themselves and some of the Brahmans very young Christian; I felt foolish when I tried said to them: to pray; I hadn't any prayer vocabulary, so my cousin and I started to study prayer. We got up "We are sorry you are going; you have given at five in the morning and read for an hour. We us medicine; you have helped take care of our copied all we could find in the Bible about prayer. children; you have showed us pictures of your First of all, we studied the praying people: What Christ and told us wonderful stories about Him. kind of people were they? What kind of prayers We will probably forget much of what you have did they pray? What results did they get? Am told us; we may forget kind things you have done; I using that kind of prayer '/ Then we studied we may forget the medicine you gave us, but one Jesus at prayer. If Jesus needed to pray, I must thing we cannot forget." need to pray, too. After that we looked up and wrote down all the teachings about prayer in the "What is that?" we asked. New Testament. We wrote down all the prayers "We shall never be able to forget how you Christians love one another," they replied. "We have watched you for three weeks in this hard,

AN UNREPENTANT MISSIONARY

difficult time and we have never heard a cross belated copy, fourteen strong men came to the door word spoken among you. The men carry the of the tent and said, "Peace be to you." I am water for the women, and you are all so happy to- afraid I said a little impatiently, "Peace be to gether." you; will you sit down in the shade of the banyan Do you think that Bible study was worth while? tree for a little bit, then I will talk to you." In I assure you that it was. If there is any bitter- India they are usually willing to stay all day, and ness among you, I commend that Bible study to night too for that matter. They said, "Peace be you. to you. We can not sit down; we are farmers and In India the doctors tell us that we must lie this is harvest. We have left the men in the field down for one hour during each day, if we are to and have walked ten miles. We hear you are tell- keep from breaking down. One day I was inter- ing about a God of love."

rupted six times in my rest hour. Then a seventh That article I was writing never reached the man came and wanted to see me. I threw the printer that year. I talked until after midnight door open and said, "What do you want?" There with strong men who can only earn four or five was a villager who had something on his heart 'or six cents a day but who still felt it worthwhile that he wanted to ask me, but he just stood there. to· come ten miles to talk to a woman who knew Then he asked for something or other; I got it about a God of love. India cares more about God for him; he said, "Salaam," and away he went. than anything else.

After he left, I had a vision of my Lord whom I India is asking of us: "Do you know God 1"

was representing in India, and I had a feeling of What is our answer? Can we honestly give them deep contrition. I went to the Gospels and copied the joyous answer, "Yes, we do know God; He is down every time our Lord was interrupted. I the power in our lives, the motive force"? If found that those who interrupted him were of we have not had such an experience, how dare we three kinds: those who knew what they wanted go as missionaries?

and came for it; those who didn't know what they Are we passing on our knowledge of God to wanted, but were curious and groping; and those everybody that comes into contact with our lives?

who came to badger him, to trip him up. I noticed We bear the name of Him who said, "The water that nobody ever interrupted Jesus without get- that I give unto thee shall be a well of water ting something good; they either got the power springing up eternally." Have you had that ex- of God to heal, cleanse or forgive, some teaching perience? You can get it. of God, or some real value straight from the heart of God. Then I started in to treat my interrup- What kind of Christians do the people of India tions in Jesus' way and I have learned much. become if they come into this vital contact with That kind of study is tremendously helpful. Go Christ? I want to tell you about a little group to Jesus and you will get light; if you are willing of Christians in Satara. There are about one hun- to obey it, you will grow. dred in the group. A third of them are too young Is It Worth While? to be earners; the others earn from twenty to forty dollars a month. They have a self-support- I have been a missionary for nineteen years. Is ing church; they give money to the British and it worth while? A lot of young people today are Foreign Bible Society and when there is a special asking what right have we to send missionaries need, they give to that also. They have even sent to lands that already have such wonderful philos- money to America to the Mississippi Flood Relief ophies? I assure you I go there with deep respect· and have sent money to Japan to help the earth- in my heart; India has much to give; they have quake sufferers. How do they do it? They tithe.

much to teach us. We are apt to be so self-satis- They believe that God should have at least one- fied with our inventions and machines; we are tenth of everything we get. I never tithed in possessed of our possessions. In India, they America; never had it put up to me by any know how to put what they believe to be first church; but I went there and saw people earning things first. An Indian business man in my town $4.00 a month who were tithing and I felt like a has made a fortune selling motor cars and trac- cheap paper doll. But later I learned the joy of tors; he is nobody's fool, but if you go to his tithing.

office between 11: 00 and 1: 00 you can't see him, That little church in India has a special service because that man is at his prayer and meditation. every Christmas; they put two candles on the I know other business men, lawyers and teachers, table and two candles on the pulpit; then they who get up at 4: 00 a. m., climb to a tower or to stand up and repeat the twenty-third Psalm; a hill in order that they may be there to worship then the procession starts coming up to the altar; God's sunrise. maybe it is led by a little cinnamon brown kiddie Out in a village where I was typing away with with his fist full of rice; the next one has a few the hunt and peck method trying to get out some eggs; one man dumped a bag of peanuts; one man

brought a chicken with its legs tied; he put it be told and these Christians said this is unthinkdown on the peanuts and the chicken started eat- able. The pastor gathered them for prayer every ing the peanuts; the next woman tied a black morning, and when they had prayed for a month, nanny goat to the table – and in India to give a the pastor said I will give another ten per cent. goat that gives milk is a real sacrifice! When Family after family came forward saying, "We they have given their sacrifices, each lights a will give our full tenth and this much more for the candle and then they go out into the side aisles district work. When the sacrifice began, then the singing Christmas carols. Those people heard songs began. If we want to know the glory of that the Board that sends me to India was getting sacrifice, we must share in it. A little widow who too poor to support a missionary in India. The gets about two cents a day brought a half rupee. missionaries had written to their Boards asking The woman who cleans the place for $2.50 a month that salaries be cut. The people in India said, brought a dollar. Finally, a little woman who "We want to be in on this," and they began to teaches sewing, who lost her only son in the give. One little woman, the mother of seven chil- plague of 1923 and is desolate, brought a little dren (nine of them live on $9.00 a month) pledged pink bag. She is not particularly Christian, but a dollar. She came to me last October and said, you may judge what her heart is like. She re- "Give me work during my ten days' vacation so ceived her wages that morning, nine silver rupees that I can earn money to send back to America so and she gave five of them, five-ninths of her sal- . they can keep the missionaries in India." The boys ary, to help the American Christians pay their defin one school hadn't any money but they gave up icit. She said, "Tell them how grateful we are; their dinners for two days a month and sent that how we sympathize now that they are so poor that money to America. Last June they heard that the they can't go on with the work. Somehow I believe worst had come-that missionaries must be with- that God will help them to go on with it." drawn. This meant that the Good News wouldn't How about it? Are we too poor to go on with it?

EXCUSED FROM GIVING TO MISSIONS Those who believe that the world is not lost and does not need a Saviour.

Those who believe that Jesus Christ made a mistake when He said, "Go ye into all the world, and preach the Gospel to every creature."

Those who believe that the Gospel is not the power of God, and cannot save the heathen.

Those who wish that missionaries had never come to our ancestors, and that we ourselves were still heathen.

Those who believe that it is "every man for himself," in this world, and who, with Cain, ask, "Am I my brother's keeper?"

Those who want no share in the final victory of Christ.

Those who believe they are not accounta'Jle to God for the money entrusted to them.

Those who are prepared to accept the final sentence: "Inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye did it not to me." Horace Bushnell.

GO YE THEREFORE By THE LATE AMOS R. WELLS Since the world is dead in sin, go ye therefore; since the Cross has power to win, go ye therefore; since the Devil and his host madly vaunt and ever boast, warring to the farthest coast, go ye therefm·e. Brief the years of mortal life; go ye therefore. Timeless issues end its strife; go ye therefore. Men are passing, early, late, passing to eternal fate, and the season will not wait; go ye therefore. Christ has come, the crucified; go ye therefore. To the souls for whom he died go ye therefore. All his words, his toil, his pain, once are given-not again; let them not be given in vain; go ye therefore. Yours the power to do the work; go ye there- fore. Yours the order, do not shirk; go ye therefore. Christ your comrade goes with you, ever able, ever true; he will see the journey through; go ye therefore. Yours will be a high reward; go ye therefore. Yours the "w.ell done" of the Lord; go ye therefore. Yours the blessed, sweet I renown of the jewels in your crown, yours the home in Glory Town; go ye therefore. GO!

-The Sunday School Times.

We Abandon the Missionaries?

A Variety of Views on the Cause and Cure of Depleted Missionary Support EVERY mission Board reports an alarming de- Are the churches at home going to abandon us and the crease in gifts to missions-both at home and abroad. In some the decline has been as high work? as fifty per cent in the past five years. This means Have they grown tired of the task of supporting fornot only reduction in the living support of the workers on the field but a closing of some stations eign missions? or activities, a lessening of efficiency and a de- Have they lost faith in us as their missionary reprecrease in educational and promotional work in the home church. sentatives? Have they lost faith in Christ and the worthwhileness What is the cause? Is it a general decline in missionary interest, a lack of ability to give or of His work? what? The Rev. A. A. Scott, B.S., of Indore, Have they lost confidence in the Boards that administer India, a missionary of the United Church of Canada, says in a recent letter: the funds?

We can and will endure sacrifice. Weare not afraid to These questions the Editor sent to a number of carry heavy burdens. But we want to know: pastors, business men, women and Board secre- taries in America, with a request for the replies gathered from their knowledge of the home church. The following are some of the answers received to date. They are interesting and il- luminating. Will they help to solve the difficulty and to stop the retreat? EDITOR.

A Call for Courage By GEORGE INNES, Bettendorf, Iowa W E HAD a feeling that all was "quiet along "Yes." the Potomac" last Sunday evening at "How many years have you been an elder?" nine. We had taught a class in Sunday "Thirty-one."

school in the morning, gone to church at eleven, "In how many different congregations have you the minister had preached on "The Perpetuation held that office?" of Calvary." We were at church again in the "Four." evening and heard an eloquent bishop, as a guest "How many people have been adrpitted to mem- speaker, preach hopefully and helpfully. There bership by those four boards of which you were a was no sound in our spiritual ears, that evening member?"

at nine; save the "rush of the river" all was peace- "Oh I couldn't say exactly; probably two thou- ful and good. sand."

Shortly, however, a young man came in; he is "How many of those who are members of our a member of our church. We talked of the oc- congregation now have come into the church currences of the day. He asked: while you have been an elder here?"

"How many were at church this morning?" "Well I would say about a thousand, more or "About three hundred and fifty." less."

"Did you have a good audience for the bishop "What percentage of them attend church, say this evening?" fifty Sundays a year?" .

"Yes, there were about two hundred and fifty." "Oh I would guess maybe ten per cent."

"How many members have we?" "How many are there in our usual morning "About fifteen hundred." audiences ?"

"Well, 'good night.' Two hundred and fifty is "About two hundred and fifty in the summer not a good audience out of fifteen hundred!" months and about three hundred and fifty in the Then this representative of youths' imperti- winter months."

nence proceeded completely to upset our sense of "Well," he said, "that is an average of twenty well-being. He asked a lot of annoying questions, per cent of all the members. What percentage of such as: the members come half the Sundays of the year?"

"You are an elder in our church, aren't you?" "About forty per cent."

[19 ]

"Then we have a real membership, attending nasiums. These things we thought were good, and worship and carrying on, of about six hundred they were. We were having a high old time, Dr. out of fifteen hundred; the other nine hundred Scott, from 1921 to 1929. We went into debt; we rarely ever come and do but little. Is that right?" had to; we couldn't allow the Episcopalians and Methodists and Baptists and Lutherans to get "Yes, I am afraid it is." ahead of us with fine churches and parish houses. "Do they give?" "Some, not a great deal." But the storm came. These debts are hanging & "Are they interested in benevolences?" around our necks yet, $40,000; $50,000; $75,000; "Apparently not much." $100,000; yes, some as high as $200,000. Inter- "Well, what are they good for in the church?" est, $2,500; $3,000; $4,500; $6,000; some can't "I fear they are not much of a help." pay it; few can pay when due. And on top of And here is where this young whipper-snapper that, so far as helping pay debts is concerned, gave me the meanest dig of all: "Did you ever sixty per cent (let us call them the sixty for conturn down or vote against anyone who applied for venience and those that stay be the stuff, the membership ?" forty) have faded out as far as helping on these "No." debts is concerned. In addition to that, the big "Do you think you have been much of an elder toads in all our puddles are "broke"; in some or have done a job to be proud of when, on your cases all of them and in all cases some of them. own admission, two out of every three you have We of the small financial fry never dreamed that admitted are 'flat tire' members?" we would have to pay the debt at all; at least no By nine forty-five we did not feel as we did at great portion of it. We thought that the big felnine last Sunday evening. We didn't even get Seth lows would always be big and they would pay it. Parker; he might jump on us too! Really we in the churches in a degree, were play- ing the same old game that business and politics What are we going to say to your letter of Oc- were playing, namely that thinking we were havtober 2d, Mr. Editor? How can we speak for the ing a grand time spending the other fellow's monmillions of church members in America in answer ey. Now that the bump has come we find it was to such questions as Dr. A. A. Scott of India our own money we were having so much fun with, asks: "Does the failure of the church to give and we never had that much money. more adequate support to missions mean that its members have not money to give? Have they We do not like to think about it. We" like to grown tired of the task? Is the church losing faith talk about "the fool things the big business man in the missionaries? Is the church losing faith in did" and the politician! We like to watch Wall the Boards and the officers of the Boards?" Street squirm. Isn't it wonderful the way we made that goat Wall Street squirm? We would You ask us to help in answering these questions. like to think that our sins in the church were all Will you Mr. Editor, as Moderator, permit us to burned up with that goat too. But you came along, speak directly to Mr. Scott? Twenty-five years Dr. Scott, with this bunch of questions. Is your ago we paid a short visit to India. Among other name really Scott or is it Pecora? Well, at al1 places we were entertained at the home of one of events, we might just as well confess to you as the great missionaries of that day, Dr. Arthur anyone and we will feel better after a good con- Ewing of Allahabad. He sketched to us the way fession. he had seen the work of missions move during the years of his service. Especially do we recall that Maybe, if we had been good elders and wise he told us of the surges that, under certain lead- stewards, we would never have taken on these ers, swept large numbers of people into the church. burdens of debt and overhead. Maybe, we would That was followed by recessions, as other and not have taken into the church two out of three more exacting leaders took charge, and large pro- who strike for cover in the storm; but on the portions of those numbers were swept out again. other hand we all recall that we too at one time It has been somewhat that way in America during were "unprofitable servants." Therefore here we the late long prosperous period that ended four are and we might as well face it. We have three years ago. Church membership increased. You big tasks: To keep our altars here from breaking will note above it did not seem hard to get in. down; to help you missionaries make Christians The wealth of the church increased, or at least from Hindus; and to help our ministers make we thought it did. The scope of the church's ac- Christians of all our church members. Which do tivity tremendously broadened-physically, social- you think is the biggest task of the three? ly, esthetically and athletically. We built beautiful buildings, really cathedrals although not so named. Have we of the forty per cent lost faith in you We set our musical standards high; our artistic -our missionaries? No, not a bit of it. sense was expensive too; we equipped large gym- Have we lost faith in our Boards and leaders? Not at all.

SHALL WE ABANDON THE MISSIONARIES?

We know that there has been sniping from the the four seas and say "Scott, we believe in you." bushes at both of you. Those on the left have It may be quite a while before we can do as much sniped; one understands that; they naturally as we used to do; we may not do as much as we would. And there has been sniping from the right ought to do; but, God helping us, we will do what too, but they really are not sniping at you. We we can. Now, Dr. Scott, give us a helping hand. are not fooled. "They hated Me before they hated Tell us what we can do for the sixty per cent. We you." believed them, when they came before the session and said that they accepted Christ as their Sav- To the sixty per cent, it may have served some- iour. We trusted them when they took the vows what as an excuse, but it is not in any real meas- at the altar. We still believe that they meant it. ure, the cause for their deflection. You ask: "Is We still believe that "no man can pluck them out it that they have not the money to give?" Well, of My Father's hand." Should all the Church of we made quite a case in the earlier part of this Christ have another Jerusalem Conference? Is talk with you on the matter of our financial lim- there a St. James who can pronounce the requireitations, but we still have money for a lot of things ments of church membership for this day? Will that are not as worthwhile as the things you offer he say to them "abstain from meat offered to us. It is very difficult now to measure our devo- idols"? Will they then turn from the meats of tion accurately. Its cross sectional dimension opulence? If he says to abhor "things strangled," would be especially difficult to give but the vertical will they cut the strangle hold of selfish desire? line is as long as ever. It extends from the lowest If at that conference St. James says, "Abhor forlevel we know of human need, to the highest as- nication" will we all find a way out from the lust pirations of our souls, to know the resources of of the world and the pride of life? Take courage, our Saviour. you are not forgotten, Mr. Missionary, and we need you even more than you need us. Weare not "tired of the task." We are not tired of love or of trust or of grace. For our own Have you come to the Red Sea place in your life, sakes we hope that God will never release us from Where, in spite of all you can do, our sense of our need for "the task." Where could we go; what would we do? There is no way out, there is no way back, There is no other way but-through? I live in a city of 60,000. Fifteen years ago the city held the record for the highest bank deposit Then wait on the Lord, with a trust serene, per capita of any city in the United States. Now Tilf the night of your fear is gone. the only unique record we hold nationally is of having the greatest number of suicides of any city He will send the wind, He will heap the floods, in America-50% higher than any other city! I When He says to your soul: "Go on." think it can be shown that not one of these poor victims of despair (and there have been scores of And His hand will lead you through-clear throughthem) were active supporters of Christian mis- Ere the watery walls roll down. sions. No foe can reach you, no wave can touch, We need your faith in us, as we never needed it No mightiest sea can drown. before. Every year about this time for years we made a trip to New York. There we met the late The tossing billows may rear their crests, dear Dr. Harlan P. Beach of Yale. He would Their foam at your feet may break, grasp our hand; his kindly eyes would look into ours; his face was a wreath of smiles; and he But over their bed you will walk dry shod always said: "Innes, I believe in you." It was In the path that your Lord will make. worth a trip to New York for those fifteen seconds of greeting. We want to grasp your hand across In the morning watch, 'neath the lifted cloud, You will see but the Lord alone When He leads you on from the place of the sea To a land that you have not known.

And your fears will pass, as your foes have passed; You will be no more afraid.

You will sing His praise in a better place, A place that His hand has made. -A. J. Flint.

HENRY VAN DYKE'S LAST MESSAGE We must turn to our divine Saviour, Christ. Materialism, gross or refined, is certainly the besetting sin of this age, and to it we owe most of our troubles. Christ attacks the fundamental and harm-working heresy by calling attention to the inevitable fact of death, which strips us· of all material possessions and leaves the soul naked. God says to the foolish man: "This night thy soul shall be required of thee; and the things which thou hast prepared, whose shall they be?" We cannot find or invent a better question than this to put to the souls of men today.

The only lasting values are spiritual. If we lose these, we lose everything. There is no way of recouping that loss, even though a man should gain the whole world for a brief possession and lose his own soul at last. If the preacher no longer believes in the possibility of losing the soul, he is certainly not entitled to call himself a disciple of Christ. It was to save the human souls, great and small, that Jesus came into the world and gave Himself as a divine sacrifice on the cross of Calvary.

Cause and the

By the REV. FRANCIS SHUNK DOWNS, D.D.

Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, Berkeley, California SOME years ago I was sharing in the Founders' On the other hand we see the streets filled with Day Exercises at Lafayette College. The brand-new automobiles. Seventy-five thousand chief address was given by the Marquis de people paid to see the California-Southern Cali- Chambrun, direct descendant of the Marquis de fornia football game in Berkeley in October, at a Lafayette, and at that time acting Ambassador rate per capita nearly twice as large as the averfrom France to the United States. Later, at a age gift per year to foreign missions in the Prot- dinner given by the Trustees of the College, in the estant Church. Weeks before the opening of course of our "table talk" together, the Marquis grand opera in San Francisco, every seat was sold. suddenly asked me a question: "What do the peo- There is still money available for selfish pleasure, ple with whom you come in contact, and who are yet one must say that the lack of it among Chris- interested in such things, really think about tian people interested in foreign missions is one France's mandate of Syria? I replied: "Do you of the causes of decreasing missionary budgets.

want me to be polite or to tell the truth?" With a But I would call attention to the fact that the de- most expressive gesture and a ring in his voice, crease began when the country was at the peak he said: "The truth, sir, the truth!" of its material prosperity and not after depression In writing briefly about the decrease in contri- began. One could write an article on this phase of butions to foreign missions, the causes and the the subject alone. remedies, one may follow many writers and 2. Is the decrease due to a lack of interest in spokesmen on foreign missions and be polite with- missions? Yes, in part. Foreign missions have out telling the truth,-or may tell the truth with- always been supported by a minority group. In out being polite. One can try, however, to tell the recent years, the development of the Budget Systruth as he sees it and in a polite and Christian tem and the Every Member Canvass have led spirit. many people to give to the cause chiefly from de- Contributions have fallen off to such an extent nominationalloyalty. Their gifts went merely to and for such a period of years now, that the ques- the "Benevolences of the Church" and were not tions asked by the Rev. A. A. Scott of India are the joyous expression of mind and heart thorboth pertinent and timely. I will confine my dis- oughly informed and enthusiastically committed cussion to the causes and remedies of the present to the Cause itself. The business of making a situation. small fortune through the Stock Exchange or, now 1. Is the decrease due wholly to a lack of mon- that the bubble has burst, the necessity of making ey? No, it is not. But that is partly the cause. a living, has absorbed the energies and interest Everybody has been affected by the depression. of many. Social, economic and industrial ques- If incomes have not suffered, faith and confidence tions near at home, growing out of the crash and have. Thousands of church members who are on the efforts at rehabilitation, have pushed "the small wages and salaries have lost their positions. most Christ-like" cause of the Church off the Others have had to care for relatives and friends center of the stage. Many churches, by action of and they cut "benevolences" first to meet this ob- their trustees often abetted by their ministers and ligation. People of larger means have found their sessions, have centered the interests of the people incomes greatly reduced and have had to reduce chiefly on local self-support. The spirit of local- their gifts considerably. For many in church life, ism, which has always been with us, is in the the law of self-preservation began to operate, and saddle and riding furiously down the middle of the benevolences have been sacrificed for the sake of road. the running expenses. The emphasis on "home Such a spirit hinders the onward march of needs" has seemed to justify the withdrawal or Christianity across the earth as much as anything cutting down of gifts for "foreign needs." The I know. It is the parasite that feeds on the vitality whole psychology aided by the N. R. A. has been of the Church, the drag on its progress, the spirit "national recovery," not international redemp- that hinders its cruising radius, one of the factors tion. . that prevents a church from achieving its world [22 ]

SHALL WE ABANDON THE MISSIONARIES?

mission. Intelligent backing of the missionary 4. Is the decrease in gifts due to lack of confi- cause must be rooted in missionary knowledge; dence in the Boards? Yes, undoubtedly so. It the fires will burn steadily only as they are fed by pains me to say this. It is difficult to write about the proper fuel. it and be just and fair to everything and every- There is much criticism of some of our mission- body. It is easy here for a loyal church-man to be ary textbooks. Until this criticism is corrected polite and not to tell the truth. But, sorrowfully and its cause removed, large areas of our constitu- and regretfully, I am convinced that an important ency will not study missions, will not be informed, element in the lack of funds in recent years has will not be interested and so will not give. Too been a growing lack of confidence in our Boards.

much of the material in many of these textbooks The reasons for this are not one, but many. The has been of the kind that does not deal with the constant criticism of certain groups within the main work of the missionary, but only with the church has unsettled or destroyed the faith of not by-products of the missionary enterprise. Too lit- a few in their administrative agencies. The pubtle emphasis has been given to the religious, the lication of the Laymen's Missionary Report added spiritual, the soul-saving, the distinctly church fuel to the flame and deepened the lack of confi- and Christian work. Too often the emphasis has dence. While the Boards insisted that this investibeen of the "modernistic" and not of the "evan- gation was independent and not under their ausgelical" representatives of the missionary cause. pices, nevertheless the impression persisted that Until a more satisfactory type of mission study it had their "moral support," that they could have book is given that costs less and is read more, the stopped it or cleared their skirts of it in the beginaverage church and the average Christian will ning if they had been so minded and that the personnel had the tacit if not official approval of not increase their gifts to foreign missions. 3. Is it due to lack of faith? Yes, decidedly so. the Boards. More than a lack of money, there has been a lack Divided Councils of faith. And first of all I mean that kind of faith Another cause of the growing lack of confidence which Christ had in mind when He said: "And has been the Church's belief that in recent years when the Son of Man cometh, will he find faith on some Boards have expressed their loyalty to the the earth?" Church's creed, or constitution, yet at the same Modern "liberalism" has taken away the faith time have called into their councils and have of many and has cut the nerve of missionary giv- worked together with those who apparently hold ing in many lives. The undermining has gone on other beliefs. Likewise, there are many who feel for years. Some theological seminaries have con- that, in the selection of their personnel, the "Modtributed to the deadly work, some Presbyteries ernistic" as well as evangelical group have been have preferred to be polite rather than to tell the represented, and that oftentimes the controlling truth; the "buck has been passed" from court to influences at work on our agencies have not been court, from Boards to National Assemblies and in harmony with the declared position of the back again. We have made decisions but when we Church whose representatives they are. Union came to execute the decisions, the hearts of men with other agencies has led some Boards to comhave failed them. So the poison of disloyalty to promise their position, or soft-pedal their convic- God's Word, the use of evangelical terminology to tions, and for the sake of going along with others, cover entirely different meanings, has continued; they have not clearly and courageously stood for another gospel has been substituted for the re- what their own Church stands.

deeming Gospel of Christ and His cross. Yes, There has been an increasing belief among that faith in the inspired Word of God, faith in Chris- army of devoted supporters of our Boards, that tianity as the final, absolute and only true religion, the policy and practice of the Boards has been to as the one full and true revelation of God to man, balance Evangelicals with Modernists-to say faith in Jesus Christ as the Only Saviour and Re- "yes" to both, to have their own personnel thus deemer of Men, the only Name under heaven given represented, rather than to stand squarely and among men whereby we must be saved, has been openly for the Church's creed and constitution and eclipsed, compromised, ignored or denied. The re- to see that all who serve the Board as members sult has been a weakening of faith, a lessening of and secretaries, or who serve under it as mission- conviction, a feeling that the whole work of mis- aries, are unmistakably sound in the faith as held sions was neither obligatory nor desperately ur- by the Church to which their loyalty is given. The gent. When faith goes down, contributions go effort seems to have been to maintain a balance of down. When faith burns brightly and God and power rather than to express clear, unmistakable His Word are honored, contributions go up. The loyalty to the declared beliefs of the church itself.

missionary cause lives by faith, whatever may be I know the arguments for catering to both sides our interpretation and expression of it. and realize the difficulties involved in representing

the whole Church, but I maintain nevertheless, hitherto untouched or inadequately worked. Many that this policy and practice has done as much other things come to mind, but space forbids. gradually to destroy confidence, and to lead to hesitancy and withholding of support as much as 3. In the Administrative Agencies. Though any other one cause. they may have done it in the past, let the Boards declare today, clearly and unequivocally, their It is difficult to get at this problem and to deep and sincere loyalty to the standards, constistate it fairly, but the fact that it is here is the tution, creed,-call it what you will, of the Church chief cause for the lack of confidence in the whose creature they are. Boards, and until the Boards clear it up thoroughly and unmistakably, the confidence of many peo- Let every Board appoint on its directorate or ple throughout the Church will not be restored. to its secretaryships only those who are in thor- Diagnosis is important, but what about the cure? ough sympathy, intellectually and spiritually, with the creed or standards of their Church; with mis- What Shall We Do About It? sionary policy, program, personnel and practice to be in harmony therewith, who not only say so 1. In the Church at Home. A revival of biblical but in their addresses and writings, in their deand evangelical preaching-ministers who will cisions at the council table within and in their not only take a whole Christ for their salvation witness in the religious world without, are known but will take a whole world for their parish. How- to be such and what is most important, actually ever hard the going financially, pastors and of- have the confidence of their church constituency. ficers must put the cause of world missions in the Until some of our Boards have the courage and forefront of their church program and keep it the frankness to see that part of the present trouthere. Adequate missionary education all the year ble is with them, and that "judgment must begin round from the pulpit to the cradle roll; faithful, at administrative headquarters," confidence will specific prayer, public and private, for the varied not be regained or restored. interests of the missionary cause; taboo captious criticisms and blind, wholesale commendation of A Condition-Not a Theory missionaries and mission Boards. Deepen loyalty to the established and accredited Boards of the We face not a theory but a condition-a situa- Church, but frankly welcome criticism and con- tion. We must recognize what large areas of the structive suggestions as to how to correct any- church are thinking. We must no longer like thing in personnel or policy of the Mission Boards ostriches, hide our heads in the sand, and believe that is discrediting the cause in peoples' minds, that there is no storm on the way; Boards must fix the mind and heart of the congregations on the no longer be suave and polite to hear criticism and good, the great and the glorious things that are then just keep on in the same old way, going on being done on the mission fields and confront them the principle that the administrative agency must with the real issues, needs and opportunity of to- protect itself, that the Board must always appear day. Informed, wise, passionately enthusiastic as right and never as wrong. It will help to releadership, full of faith and hope, wholly con- store confidence when Boards will stop trying to vinced that Christ is the only Saviour and that please or curry favor with groups or parties withthe sharing of His Gospel with all the world is the in the church and will be known as only loyal to Church's first obligation, is one of the primary Christ, regardless of consequences. needs in the home constituency today. Let us not miss this further point, viz; that the 2. In the field. Take immediate steps to bring lack of confidence in the Boards mayor may not more of the churches to self-support. Demon- be the fault of the Boards; in fact, it doubtless strate to the home church more than ever that arises from various causes. But the important every missionary in the field is animated with an thing to remember is that this lack of confidence evangelistic motive and whatever the kind of serv- exists and is steadily affecting support of the misice he is in, is really doing evangelistic work and sionary cause. bringing Christ as Saviour to individuals. To find ways of assuring the home church that the money Confidence must be restored if gifts are to init gives to missions, is being expended on the main crease. Other factors enter in just as in the napurpose of the Church in the world and not on the tional recovery movement, but confidence is the by-products and purely humanitarian objects. primary factor. I am of those who believe in standing by our Boards, our Church, our mission- Put the chief emphasis on building a strong, in- ary enterprise and correcting what needs to be digenous church; training a loyal consecrated corrected from within the family. But I am also leadership, freeing missionaries to do distinctively of those who believe that fearlessly and lovingly religious and spiritual service, and reshaping poli- and immediately, we should address ourselves to cies and programs so that more missionaries the matters that need correction and thus do our might be sent into unoccupied areas and fields part to invite and reestablish the confidence that, under God, will issue in renewed support.

Women Believe in

By MRS. THOMAS NICHOLSON, Mt. Vernon, Iowa President of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church CONTRIBUTIONS of the Woman's Foreign section, women gleaned in cotton fields at thirty Missionary Society of the Methodist Epis- cents a day, and hundreds have observed "sacri- copal Church for the past five years total fice year," joyously giving up cherished aims, that $11,948,997.92, distributed as follows: they might not fail in support of our missionaries.

1928 …………………….. $2,415,693.77 Our Methodist women believe in this enterprise. 1929 (Anniversary year) ……. 2,795,199.54 They have seen the hand of God directing it. 1930 …………………….. 2,396,073.75 They believe that the Lord Christ is the World's 1931 …………………….. 2,085,112.23 Redeemer and that if the world ever needed a 1932 …………………….. 1,692,227.37 Saviour it is now. They believe in their mission- 'fhere has been a decline in membership from aries and in their Board. Our constituency is 487,581 in 1928 to 377,899 in 1932. loyal, devoted, dependable. We have a closely articulated system and working plans are quickly A corrective statement needs to be made re- communicated to the last auxiliary woman. Nagarding these figures. For a number of years, tional, branch and district meetings are repregroups of Methodist missionary women in other sentative and responsibility is shared. We believe lands, particularly in Europe, have sent their con- much in corporate prayer, in dependence on spirtributions to the Society in America to be admin- itual resources and on intensive cultivation. Our istered and these gifts have been pooled with the workers from national officers to auxiliary comfunds raised here. Their members have also been mittee members are voluntary and count it all joy included in our home base totals. In 1929, we to have a part in this task. urged these women to organize their own units, to raise and disburse their own funds, keep their Sadly enough, faith has wavered and zeal has own membership records, train and send out their waned in some quarters. Widespread criticism own missionaries. We organized an International of mission work, and a psychology of defeat and Department to encourage indigenous missionary depression, have combined to produce this effect; activity abroad and to act as a medium of ex- selfish, not to say pagan, nationalism has dulled change between the various national units. This the sense of obligation to those "not of this fold," Department exercises no. administrative control. without increasing it with regard to our own The action has given a great impetus to mission- "nationals"; the merging of women's church ary activity in our parish abroad but has cut into groups has submerged both the home and foreign our own receipts and membership totals. We missionary interests. It has cut down the number transferred at once 7,310 members to the Scandi- of those carrying official responsibilities, has curnavian Unit, and 7,350 to that of Central Europe. tailed time given to missionary information and Methodist women of twenty-one countries are now has decreased contributions. In many cases, such affiliated with us in this missionary task and are united groups only raise for the combined misgiving themselves with great zest to their new sionary agencies what one agency received before responsibilities. Membership and receipts have amalgamation. Other activities, clubs, and social increased rather than declined in these new uplift groups claim the servic~ of some church groups, even in these difficult years. As one unit women, while trivial interests, amusements and reports: "We would rather hunger a little than fads have created an appetite for the superficial not to support our missionary." in others.

There are other reasons for our decreases. The home is not the center of regenerating in- Many supporters have lost everything – incomes, ftuence which it once was, and professional reliprincipal, positions. They have been unable even gious education has been too broad, too entertainto pay dues, and we count as members only those ing and too thin to create missionary passion in whose dues are recorded. In some cases, women those on whom the future of this enterprise dehave sold "first fruits" of their jelly and canning pends. The colleges have not been cultivated as season, to meet their pledges and dues. In one formerly by missionary societies. Student volun- [25 ]

teer and mission study groups are rare. Students on the study of the Gospels and the Acts of the are uninterested and misinformed regarding for- Apostles, on the power of prayer. A rebirth of eign missions. They are idealistic and have a pas- faith in Jesus Christ, not only as Reformer, but as sion for social reform, but only a dim sense of Redeemer of individuals, and of societies; as the responsibility for the individuals composing so- revelation of what God is and what man, through cial groups, and meager understanding of the Him, may become. If this conviction fades out of true' implications of the Gospel. Christianty the missionary motive fades out also, and with it goes the very life of Christianity. The pulpit today seldom treats the heinousness More publicity should be given to the positive reof sin, and in the pew complacency has taken the sults of missions-to the miracles wrought in the place of concern for the sinner whether African lives of individuals and to the changes the Gospel or American. Material interests-the building of is working in group and national attitudes. Demagnificent temples-and the debts thus incurred served criticism must be met with reform. Dupli- -have pushed missionary claims to the rear. The cation and lack of cooperation on the field, inade- "comfortable Gospel of Christ" is more appealing quate personnel and equipment must be corrected to many than the doctrine of the Cross. -and are in process of correction. But no amount of cooperation, union or tolerance can take the The remedy? A spiritual renaissance. Re- place of the aim to KNOW CHRIST and to MAKE emphasis on the things of the Spirit, on the fact of sin, on the office and work of the Holy Spirit, HIM KNOWN.

Some Reasons Why By JESSE R. WILSON, New York Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions T HAT there has been a great falling off in Sophistication.-For a hundred years, from the gifts to missions in recent years is well close of the War of 1812 to the outbreak of the known. No figures are available for all the Great World War, the United States lived its life Boards, but we do know that contributions to the fairly isolated. We were self-sufficient, self-pos- Protestant churches of the United States for all sessed, and complacent in a splendid isolation purposes decreased from $581,000,000 in 192'8 to which we were foolish enough to believe would be $378,000,000 in 1932-approximately forty per our portion as a nation forever. Then the war cent.* The percentage of decrease for strictly came, and we reluctantly discovered that we were foreign mission causes would probably be not far involved in it simply because we were a part of from this figure. the world. All of us, whether we went to France or not, were lifted out .of ourselves and began to Why should there be such a decrease? Is it due scan the papers daily for news from other lands. wholly to a lack of money~ I do not think so, even Our chrysalis had been broken and we had flown though the national income did fall fifty-four per afield, feeling all the thrills of sophistication as cent between 1929 and 1932.* Giving to foreign part of the whole world. Unfortupately, the missions began to decline sharply during the years knowledge we gained was still quite superficial of financial prosperity. The decline is traceable and did not always make for respect and concern in its origin not to declining incomes but to declin- for others. The reaction that finally came was the ing interest. It has been accelerated by the world- desire once again to settle somewhere between the wide economic depression and also by the in- Statue of Liberty and the Golden Gate and be at creased cost of carrying on the work, but if inter- peace in "God's country." est had been maintained, the boards would certainly not be financially where they are today. Disillusion and Cynicism.-Whatever else can Why, then, has there been a decrease in interest be said about the United States' participation in in foreign missions since the peak years of 1920 the war, when we went into it we went with a and 1921, after which the loss of gifts began to high idealism. We went out to win a war to end manifest itself. We can give here little more than an outline analysis of some of these causes. The war for the best interests of the whole world; but following forces seems to have been at work bring- within two or three years after the war had closed, ing about the change. Most of them, in one way we discovered that we had only helped to sow the or another, had their rootage in the Great War. seeds of other wars in terms of hatreds, jealousies, fears, and suspicion. The world did not appreci- • From a research study on trends in church finance by A. C. ate what we had tried to do, and having come out Marts, of Marts & Lundy, Inc., N. Y. C.

1!:):J4] SHALL WE ABANDON THE MISSIONARIES?

of the war a creditor nation, we were receiving and always must be the nidus of Christian misnot thanks but vituperation. Our idealism dis- sions. What else could have come out of the war solved utterly and we decided to let the world stew with its hatred, selfishness and materialism? The in its own juice without at all realizing that soon- strain was too much. If Christianity could not er or later we ourselves would be stewing in the prevent such a war, why bother with religion at same juice. all? For some, all faith went. Others continued to go through the forms of religion, but the spirit Blurred Consciences.-A change from idealism was lacking. Even those whose faith was most to cynicism is bad enough, but something deeper real and most deep were not unaffected. A flower, still happened to the spirit of many as a result of no matter how perfectly rooted, will show some the war. Consciences became blurred. Mechan- discoloration if the atmosphere around it is ized slaughter, hatred unto death, vilification and tainted. The Christian faith that will go to infideceit-all were organized and glorified. We w~re nite pains to reproduce itself continued to exist no longer our brother's keeper; we had become or else Christian missions would have died utterly, his destroyer; and in destroying him, we had de- but there was not enough of this kind of faith to stroyed within ourselves that fine sensitiveness of overcome all obstacles and to go forward triumspirit necessary to make us responsive to another's phantly. needs. Christian missions cannot flourish when such a spirit is wide-spread. Restlessness and Criticism.-It was only natu- ral that a period of little faith and great prosper- Reaction to Realism.-An accompaniment to the ity should have produced restlessness and dissatisdulling of men's consciences was observed in the faction. Things really do not in themselves satisfy. unwillingness of people to listen to the presenta- This restlessness had many manifestations. One tion of human needs. If any missionary tried to notable evidence was that everything was up for make his work vivid by referring to the poverty, review. Nothing out of the past could be taken disease, and degradation of the people among for granted. Had not missions served their day whom he labored, the cry went up immediately. and generation? Is it not all a foolish expenditure "That's a sob story and we refuse to sob." Many of time and money? Some of this criticism was missionaries, knowing this and having a growing serious and well-meaning and has helped the missensitiveness to the feelings of the people among sionary enterprise to see its way more clearly. whom they worked, dropped almost entirely from Much of it, however, was merely an expression of their speeches stories of desperate need. When the critical temper of the day which, with a jaunticarried to the extreme this took much of the punch ness which belied its avowal of serious purpose, out of the plea for missions. The Church began was "debunking" history and biography and was to forget that missionaries were really meeting singing "life is just a bowl of cherries." the dire, objective needs of the people of other lands. Reaction to Man-Made Movements.-Even among those most determined to carryon foreign An Absorption of Things Material.-James missions, there was some dissatisfaction, though Truslow Adams points out that financial panics its source was quite different. To this group, such and depressions always follpw wars. The Great efforts as the Interchurch World Movement were War is no exception, but, unlike other wars in man-made affairs. They were efforts to hurry which the United States has engaged, a period of God. Missions would adopt the methods of big unprecedented prosperity intervened between the business, and then big business itself would sit up close of the War in 1918 and the decline of the and take notice and give its support in large terms. stock market in 1929. During this period almost The quieter processes of the Spirit of God were all of us became surfeited with things.. As Mr. too frequently neglected. But the plan did not Adams so well points out, we were in the way of work, and there was a consequent loss of confisubordinating honor, truth, integrity, and social dence in some of the missionary leaders. concern to the ability to achieve wealth, and were thereby selling our soul for a pot of gold. During The Tide of Nationalism Abroad.-While these the years 1927-1929, in the face of a tremendous forces were at work at home, in missionary reincrease in national income, there was actually a ceiving countries there was a rising tide of nathree per cent decrease in contributions to the tionalism. Each nation had begun with new vigor to determine its own affairs, and groups within churches.* In such an atmosphere the things of these nations began to magnify their own impor- tance. Christian Nationals, catching this spirit, the spirit went glimmering and missions suffered. insisted that they be given a larg~r place in the leadership of their own churches and institutions. Loss of Christian Convictions.-The chief fac- In this insistence they were often led to say things tor causing a falling off in missionary support has which, when reported in America, gave many a been the loss of a deep conviction concerning God and Christ and the world which always has been • Ibid, Marts.

new excuse for not supporting the missionary sions. If there had been a fuller transfer of en- cause, on the ground that "if they do not want us, ergy and passion, this would not have been so why should we offer to help them."* regrettable. However, with the exception of some Nationalism at Home.-Even more serious in individuals and small groups, the question became this connection was the spirit of nationalism at academic and did not command much personal home. Even loyal supporters of the missionary commitment to the task of making America more enterprise have felt that perhaps for too long a Christian. Positively, in terms of missions, the period we had neglected our own interests. Con- best result lay in the fact that many missionaries sequently, we entered into a period of building did go out with a fuller consciousness that they new churches, parish houses, hospitals, and were leaving many sore-spots in their own land schools. Some of these were needed; others were and therefore they went in a more humble spirit.

only an expression of the desire to "keep up with They had honestly to answer the question "Why the Joneses." . leave non-Christian America?" Those who went Another expression of this spirit of nationalism, only after having found an adequate answer, and while more wholesome, was myopic and therefore because the love of God in Christ was constrain- adversely affected missions; that was the deter- ing them, were in the way of having much of the mination "to clean up" America first. The ques- spirit which must mark the new day in the Chris- tion was raised, "Why go abroad for missionary tian missionary enterprise.

service when right in our own land we find eco- These, in my judgment, are some of the deeper nomic and industrial injustices, wrong race rela- reasons why in recent years the church has not tions, and the seed-beds of war?" stood back of the foreign mission boards as ade- quately as the needs of the work demand. My It was, undoubtedly, high time for the blasting faith is that God himself is working through the away of whatever measure of self-righteousness present world crisis, and in other ways, to overand complacency had crept into the missionary come these forces and that as we are called back movement, but it was accompanied by a slowing to the deeper values and realities of life, yes, called down of interest in and support of foreign mis- * Real transfers of work and authority from missionaries to back to God himself and to a new appreciation of the significance of the life and death and resurrec- Christian Nationals have been made on all mission fields. Before long, tion of Jesus Christ for the whole world, we shall however-with a becoming Christian humility-these same fine Chris- again go forward with the Church's supreme task tian Nationals, feeling the weight of the load they had begun to of making Him who is valid for the world's needs carry in a new way, made it quite clear to the churches of the inescapably available to the whole world. West that their demand for a larger place of leadership was not meant to disavow any further need of help from the West. They only meant that missionaries should be fellow-workers rather than leaders, and that for years beyond their knowing there would be a need for help from the West in terms of both men and women.

J. R. W.

As Seen by a Board Secretary By the REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D.D., New York Secl'etary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions THE treasurer's Annual Report for the income cause it began before the economic depression of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Pres- came on the world. The decrease in income does byterian Church, U; S. A., shows the follow- not indicate a loss of interest so much as a failure ing figures for the past five years: to gain new interest. I do not think it indicates 1928 $4,696,966.95 a lack of faith among those who give and, so far 1930 4,705,776.24 as we can tell, the lack of confidence in Boards is 1931 4,368,063.52 not great. The largest explanation I can find is 1932 3,989,474.90 simply lack of attention. There are not enough 1933 3,129,026.09 people who think foreign missions. There is so The figures for 1929 are omitted because there much else to do and there are so many other de- was a very large gift included in that year which mands that it is necessary to keep a constant bell puts the whole series out of balance. As we do ringing to hold attention. We have not done that not record the number of contributors, we cannot of late. I think the weakest point in the present say whether the number of gifts has fallen off situation is that we have allowed our sermons to proportionately. be so occupied with other matters that we have No one explanation can be found for this de- not been able to fix the attention of our people on crease. It is not due wholly to lack of money, be- the world work of the Church of Christ. This has

SHALL WE ABANDON THE MISSIONARIES?

made people ready to give any excuse for failing the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel: to undertake seriously what they really do not "To the laity through the clergy." It seems to me care much to do. of great importance that the Mission Boards be instantly ready to deal frankly with any criticism The Presbyterian Board is sending to all our that is offered or any question that is asked. The pastors a booklet appealing for a larger element time has come for a definite and positive and conof missionary preaching. Weare working on the structive missionary program. motto of Bishop Montgomery, late secretary of The Most Important Inquiry By PROF. WM. BANCROFT HILL, D.D., Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

President of the Board of Trustees, American University in Cairo H ow shall we explain the alarming fact that is that gifts to foreign missions have not suffered the receipts of the Foreign Mission Boarel an even greater cut. of the Reformed Church in America* have diminished more than 40 per cent in the past two The effect of recent criticisms upon Mission years? The diminution has not been gradual, as work and Boards has been small in our denominaif caused by a slowly dying interest; on the con- tion. Because we are a comparatively little group trary, the receipts of the eight years preceding we know our missionary force intimately —.: their 1931 were the highest in the history of the Board; caliber, their theology, their evangelistic spirit and those of the fiscal year ending April 30, 1931, and the work they are doing. Confidence in them surpassed most of the predecessors. Then came a cannot be shaken by censors who have less op· severe drop in 1932, and another in 1933; and portunity for such knowledge. As a member of the fear is that 1934 may show yet another decline. our Board I can say that I have seen no lack of confidence in it. Naturally and profitably it has This decrease in the support of the work has its critics-some intelligent-whose counsel is alcaused dismay at home, and distress abroad. ways highly valued, and some ignorant whose While we have not yet had to beat a retreat, we suggestions or censures are of the same worth as have been forced to call a halt. No work of our their praises. A Board is the appointed agent of Board has been abandoned, and no missionary the church; and if its policy or practice is not summoned home, but the work has been cut to the acceptable, the means of changing its membership bone; sacrifices have been voluntarily made by are simple and always at hand. all the missionaries on the field; those at home on furlough are not being returned. As we consider the future, one feature in the present situation causes us serious thought and Beyond question the main cause for this deplor- apprehension. The younger generation, who soon able situation is the financial straits of the donors. will be the men and women to support foreign They are giving less because they have not the missions, are not developing an interest in it. income from which to give more. This is equally One reason for this is that the old methods of true of the few who once contributed large sums, attracting them have largely lost their force. To and of the many whose small but consecrated gifts us in our childhood the scenes in far-off lands and have always been the main support of the work. the stories of missionary experiences were thrill- Moreover, the cries for help at home are so loud ing; but to the sophisticated youngster of today and persistent as almost to drown the cries from they are puerile. I have great sympathy for the foreign lands. Here are neighbors out of work returned missionary who, with a few familiar and almost out of food; colleges and seminaries pictures enlarged from his kodaks and with the are appealing for aid to survive; churches are simple account of what he has seen and done, struggling desperately to meet ministers' salaries tries to interest an audience of youth accustomed and other expenses, already greatly reduced. With to the movies and the lurid tales of modern fiction. such demands upon diminished means the marvel Evidently we need a new approach and method of appeal; and what these shall be is a problem to • The Reformed Church in America is a minor member of the be solved by those who best know the psychology Presbyterian group; but for more than a hundred years it has held of present-day youth. a major place in devotion to foreign D;!isslous. Indeed, as it has no shibboleth of creed or peculiarity of cult to keep it froD;! D;!erging When considering the falling off in gifts tofor- eign missions, it is well to look at domestic misin some larger denomination, I may say that a deep interest in its sions also. There is the same shrinkage there; mission fields and wor){ers, and a belief that intimate acquaintance with them cannot be maintained so well in a great body, have con- stituted one reason for continuing its separate denominational existence. W. B. H.

and the other Boards of the Church are suffering power of the Holy Spirit; and in the present days likewise. If, therefore, lessened receipts indicate of distress we find little of heart-searching and a decline in interest, the decline exists in all our true repentance, but rather a feeling that, if the N. R. A., C. C. C., R. F. C. and all the rest cannot church work, and must have a common explana- save us, there is no salvation. The most important tion. That origin is not far to seek: it is the inquiry for laymen and for ministers in the presspiritual deadness of the Church itself. In the ent hour is not what improvements can be made Great War we prayed to the God of vengeance in missions abroad or at home but what change is and not to the Prince of Peace; in the days of needed in our own hearts and lives. There is the seeming prosperity that followed we sought and crux of the whole matter. rejoiced in the might of the dollar and not in the From a Pastor's Viewpoint By the REV. MILTON T. STAUFFER, D.D. Pastor of the South Reformed Church, New Brunswick, N. J.; Formerly a Missionary in China SPEAKING for my own church, we have not phere in which the critic has felt free to speak his grown tired of our missionary task, nor have mind. It has clearly demonstrated to the church we lost faith in our missionaries. During the that foreign missions is a thing of life and growth, last five years we have registered a slight increase and that to the extent that we depend on the in the number of those regularly contributing to human element in it, we must expect mistakes and foreign missions. This increase has come, not limitations. It has emphasized the need and the only from new accessions to church membership, certainty of change in missionary methods and but also from members who until recently were policies. It has awakened hope and has reclaimed not sufficiently interested in our various benevo- confidence in the future of missions. Our church lences to contribute regularly to them. members realize today as never before that they are not supporting an impersonal organization or The general economic situation naturally has machine, but that the missionary movement is a had its effect upon gifts to local and to foreign movement of the Spirit of God in and through work, reducing the total annual amount by some the hearts of men. ten to fifteen per cent. However, no contributor within my knowledge has reduced his contribution It is my conviction, after limited experience in to missions without at the same time reducing his a local church, that the marked decrease in miscontribution to local church support in the same sionary giving which we have experienced in reor even greater proportion. A few of our people, cent years is almost wholly the result of economic while obliged to cut their contributions to local conditions and of general religious indifference. It church support, have steadily maintained their is not the result of any appreciable loss of faith giving to benevolences at the level set three and in the commonly declared motives or objectives of more years ago. The annual remittances of our missions. Nor is it due to any lack of interest in two women's missionary societies to domestic and and sympathy for the program of missions as at foreign missions have continued at approximately present outlined and carried forward by our more the same high level as before 1929-such drops as creative and progressive missionaries, however may have occurred in any single year being less in much room for change and improvement there proportion than the accompanying drop recorded may be in certain of our mission areas or groups. in receipts for local church support. Nor does it reflect diminishing confidence in our administrative boards at home or in our mission- The Laymen's Commission Report, and par- ary or church councils on the field. Rather, the ticularly the news releases preceding its publica- willingness on the part of our missionary forces tion, served to raise questions in the minds of to be the object of critical analysis and appraisal some and to bring out into the open certain mis- has strengthened the confidence of the home givings and criticisms of the foreign missionary church in the essential soundness of the whole program, which may have been entertained for missionary enterprise. It has given proof of the years, but which hitherto had remained unex- missionary's sincere desire to adapt himself and pressed. This has challenged us to re-think and his methods to changing circumstances. re-affirm the fundamental aims which must characterize the missionary enterprise if it is to be Possibly the chief cause of diminishing interest truly Christian and is to continue to receive in missions and of the decrease in missionary in- Christian support. It also provided an atmos- come is not economic but religious. Christian

SHALL WE ABANDON THE MISSIONARIES?

missions are essentially redemptive in their mes- ary," said Dr. John A. Broadus. Christianity in sage and program, but we in our home churches have ceased to appreciate this redemptive purpose action is Andrew going after Simon; Philip findin Christianity as we once did. Our evangelical zeal has been dissipated. We have surrendered ing Nathanael; the woman, leaving her waterpot our religious distinctiveness. In consequence, our enthusiasm for the place and value of religion in at the well, running to tell the populace of a city the on-going life of the world has suffered. Here is the explanation of the diminishing financial re- that she had found Christ and leading them out turns from our churches. Missionary intercession has suffered equally. Weare less interested, to meet Him. Paul's missionary enthusiasm was so we pray less; and when we pray less we give less. Weare less interested because Christ means not kept alive solely by the command of his Lord. less to many of us today in our pulpits and in our pews. We need a more positive religious experi- He felt another urge within his own soul, "The ence. We need lives more fruitful in Christ-like qualities to impress us with their values. Is love of Christ constraineth us." The mainspring Christ really life to us? of missionary enterprise and enthusiasm is the Thirty years ago we were more enthusiastic for the Christian faith. We stressed its redemptive regenerated heart of the believer. Perfunctory elements. Our slogan was "The evangelization of the world in this genel'ation." The social elements obedience to a command is not the most worthy were present but they were not stressed. There was urgency and immediacy then in our mission- impetus to service. The spirit and life of Christ ary program and appeal. All this suggests assets and liabilities. Ten years ago enthusiasm for in the disciple is the real compelling force. The personal evangelism shifted to an enthusiasm for Christian solutions of social problems that offered satisfaction and joy which the Christian finds in a corrective and promised a better balance. his glorious Lord creates the desire to carry the But today we are marking time. We are with· out commanding enthusiasms. We greatly need a Good News to others. If a man finds a bag of reaffirmation of moral and spiritual certainties in our local churches. Before missionary interest gold, a treasure hid in a field, a pearl of great can increase so as to produce intelligent sacrificial missionary giving, we must develop enthu- price, he grasps it for himself. But when a man siastic, grateful men and women in every church. We must have more men and women who have finds Christ, there immediately arises in his soul experienced a new type of life in Christ and who cannot bear to think of men either living or dying the impulse to impart Him to his fellowmen. anywhere without a similar experience of Him. Scores of examples show that this is the secret Where ought we to begin in any attempt to recover missionary enthusiasm? It would help (1) of the foreign mission work of the Church….. . if seminary students were to come into our churches equipped and on fire for an evangelistic It is foreign mission effort that preserves the life ministry; (2) if, from the younger churches abroad, we were to receive fresh affirmations of of the home Church. It gives a purpose, an enterthe distinctive values of Christianity; (3) if in America and everywhere the unsatisfied religious prise, which draws out her dormant forces and hungers of our day could be realistically set forth and if the ability of Christ to satisfy these hungers capabilities. As exercise develops the body, miscould be convincingly restated and reexperienced. sionary activities bring vigor and strength to the A MISSIONARY RELIGION Body of Christ. Thomas Chalmers said, "Foreign By REV. G. WILBUR SHIPLEY, in The Christian Observer missions act on home missions, not by exhaustion, "Christianity is nothing if it is not missionary. but by fermentation." Alexander Duff said, "The Your Christianity is nothing if it is not mission- Church that is no longer evangelistic will soon cease to be evangelicaL" The responsibility of a great enterprise begets in a man creativeness, initiative, and the spirit of adventure. The su- preme task of the Church, seriously accepted and earnestly undertaken, will energize and empower our drooping and flagging life. Expansion is the very essence of Christianity. "It is a commodity, the more of which you export, so as to share freely with others, the more you have for use at home."

The supreme overtowering mission of the Church, the design of our Lord in its establish- ment is the evangelization of the world. It is not a mere incident in her life-a side issue, a pious diversion-it is her chief business. It is the Mas- ter's great concern. It filled His mind, flamed in His heart, tingled in His nerves, throbbed in His blood, thrilled His soul when He walked in Galilee and it is no less dear to Him now. His love im- partially girdles the globe. His great heart yearns for the redemption of all nations. It lays para- mount claim to the energies of the Church. It rises above all other obligations, eclipses all other service, and stands supreme in its demands. Our duty is not optional. It is unalterably fixed. It cannot be changed by tastes, prej udices, opinions, likes, or dislikes, It is Gog's speciffc for s~tving ~ lost world, . . —

Universal Week of Prayer*

Sunday, January 7, to Sunday, January 14, 1934 Sunday, January 7, I9,34-Suggested Topics For those Who guide national life and international affairs. "The Divine Judgment" (Romans 1: 18, 24, 25; 2: 1; 1 Peter 4: 17). SCRIPTURE READING: Psalm 96. Eph. 2: 11-22.

"Fear and Faith" (Mark 4: 40; Psalms 27: 3; 112: 7). Thursday, January ll-Social and Economic Life "Our Need of Repentance" (Mark 1: 15; Mat. 18: 3). "Beginning and Continuing with God" (Gen. 1: 1; 2 THANKSGIVING: For God's gifts to man. For the discoveries of science and their possibilities. Chron. 31: 21; Phil. 1: 6). CONFESSION: The sins of our economic and social life.

Monday, January 8-The Need of the World Lack of brotherliness and love. The failure of the Church to promote a Christian THANKSGIVING: economic order. That God reigns and the future is in His hands. REQUESTS: CONFESSION: That Christian people may bear their economic re- sponsibilities. Man's confidence in himself and rebellion against That workers in the scientific field may consecrate God and open denial and rejection of Him. their gifts to God.

REQUESTS: That wisdom and courage may be given to econo- mists to solve the economic problems. That God may save peoples from their blindness and For the multitude of the unemployed in all lands. hardness of heart. SCRIPTURE READINGS: For repentance and for living faith in the Lord Jesus Gen. 1: 24-31. Mark 10: 23-27. Luke 12: 13-21.

Christ.

For those who bear the burdens of responsibility.

SCRIPTURE READINGS: .

Psalm 97. Romans 1: 18-32. Luke 1: 67-80. Hosea 14· Friday, January I2-Christian Missions Tuesday, January 9-The Church THANKSGIVING: For the extension of the Church of Christ. THANKSGIVING: For evidences of new spiritual life. For its continued transmission of the Gospel of For the devotion and faithfulness of missionaries. Christ. For signs of a revival among all nations and races. CONFESSION: The inadequacy of our efforts; the narrowness of CONFESSION: our vision; the feebleness of our faith; the lack For failure to utter the divine and commanding mes- of sacrificial giving. sage. REQUESTS: For inability to confront men with the necessity for For all who labor in Christ's Name – among the regeneration, and complete surrender to Christ as Jews; in Japan, Korea, China, Siam and Malaya, Saviour, Lord, and King. India, the Near East; in Africa, Latin America, and the Southern Pacific; in Russia and Europe; REQUESTS: in North America. For grace to recognize and proclaim God's Word for For new workers and their equipment with natural our time. and spiritual graces. For deliverance from bondage, and for grace to move forward in the spirit of fearless faith and obe- SCRIPTURE READINGS: dience. Romans 10: 12-18; 15: 30-33. Eph. 1: 15-23. For a spiritual awakening in the Church. Saturday, January I3-The Family and Youth SCRIPTURE READINGS: Eph. 3. J er. 2: 4-13. Luke 12: 35-40. THANKSGIVING: Wednesday, January IO-National and For the divine institution of the family; for parents and teachers. International Life THANKSGIVING: For the courage and hopefulness of youth.

For the achievements of past generations. CONFESSION: The lack of understanding of youth. For the mutual enrichment of peoples. Conditions that destroy the life and purity of the CONFESSION: family.

The prevalence of suspicion, distrust, and enmity, REQUESTS: and of national selfishness. That God's ideals for the family may be apprehended anew. The tendency to destroy social unity through violence. That a vision of Christ Jesus as Lord and Saviour REQUESTS: may come to the youth of the world. For all workers among youth. For a new vision of the true meaning and purpose of national life.

* Adapted from the Topics sent out by the World's Evangelical SCRIPTURE READINGS: Alliance, 19 Russell Square, London. Mark 10: 1-16. Mat. 18: 1-14. Joel 2: 23-32.

[ 32 ]

CHURCH, DISCIPLES OF CHIUST, SAN ANTONIO

Success Among Spanish Americans By E. T. CORNELIUS, San Antonio, Texas -eEl Superintendent of Mexican Missions, U. S. A. for Disciples of Christ T HE tides of immigration have ebbed and The agricultural areas of central Mexico were flowed many times during our American his- devastated by the social upheavel initiated in 1910 tory and one of the most significant of these by the Madero Revolution against the dictatormovements has been the Mexican immigration of ship of Don Porfirio Diaz. Great. "haciendas" recent years. were left without live stock or crops by the sol- diers, rebels and bandits that pillaged the land; The World War stopped the flow from Europe, property and life were made unsafe, and thouwhence so many millions had come to overflow the sands of peons found themselves unable to eke industrial areas of the East and to spread over out a miserable subsistence. They had been bound rural areas from ocean to ocean. The checking of to the "haciendas" by economic bonds as strong European migration brought about two very sig- as those of ancient feudalism. No sooner had nificant movements-migration of the Negroes these thousands of farm laborers been shaken from the South to the North, and the creation of loose from their old life than our labor shortage a labor vacuum in the Southwest, accelerated by attracted them to the southwestern United States. certain conditions arising out of the War. Mining and rural industries found their labor short- A conservative estimate of the total number of age acute-the seasonal occupation of various Mexicans within our border, at the end of June, types, from cotton to sugar beets, from lettuce to 1929, is about two and one-half millions, including grapes, all had to turn to the nearest supply. This the American born and the small Spanish-Amerhad been made ready by revolutionary conditions ican population of New Mexico and Colorado. in Mexico. There is also a considerable population of Spanish- [ 33]

speaking peoples from the West Indies, Spain and teries are filled with those babies that die of un- South America on the Atlantic seaboard from dernourishment and intestinal disorders. Our New York City to Florida. visiting nurses grow haggard attempting to min- What the Mexicans Are Doing ister to the needs of these great areas. Your writer, who lives in the midst of one of the larg- The Southwest particularly has felt the effect est of these colonies, can recall hundreds of such of the many thousands of Mexicans. States like cases, and our earnest efforts to meet the prob- Texas and California, while differing to a marked lems of health when the great majority of mothers degree in their seasonal occupations, have had to know practically nothing about the care of their assimilate nearly one million Mexicans into their children.

agricultural and industrial economy. The cham- The Mexican in American Life bers of commerce of these cities furnished the 1. Economic adjustment-It must be taken for principal opposition to placing Mexican immigra- granted that we are here discussing the vast tion on the quota basis, largely because an over- majority of Mexican immigrants and their famabundant supply of Mexican cheap labor would ilies-both Mexican and American born. Political mean little immigration restriction. exiles and other minor elements in our Spanish- Mexican laborers are in large numbers in most language population are quite aloof in every way of the industrial and agricultural occupations of from the rest of their people, seldom living in the the entire Southwest, and have filtered into al- colony and meeting the others only in' a profesmost every other section of the United States. sional way. The production of cotton, in south Texas espe- The Mexican colony in our American Comcially, is dependant upon Mexican labor. The munities usually has most of the distinguishing production of sugar beets in Colorado and other characteristics of a Mexican community in their areas, is mainly dependant upon Spanish-Ameri- own land. This was especially marked during the can labor; the cultivation of citrus orchards in period of accelerated movement, when thousands Texas, Arizona and California, is carried on by of immigrants reached the Southwest every year thousands of Mexican laborers, scores of seasonal -to scatter later into the North and East wheroccupations of California, from the Imperial Val- ever attracted by the economic demands of sealey north, utilize the Mexican laborer and his sonal occupations. Ten years ago, these colonies family; the mines, railways, and factories of the were housed in little more than makeshift shacks, great Southwest could scarcely operate were it not constructed of all kinds of nondescript materials, for the Mexicans, both skilled and unskilled, who tin cans, dry goods boxes, grass roofs, with no have their shoulders under the economic growth pretense of cleanliness, sanitation or beauty. Two of this vast country. very characteristic colonies of this type were the All of America has been enriched by the con- Belverede District of Los Angeles and the South- tribution of these people not only to our economic west District of San Antonio. In other cities, such advancement but to our art and music. On the as Kansas City, Chicago or Dallas, these immi- other hand, hundreds of thousands of unassimilat- grants were forced by circumstances to seek the ed peoples of another race, another language and most squalid sections of the city, and too often another background of life, creat new responsi- they have been unable to improve their lot, be- bilities and problems. The great majority of these cause of the situation in which they have existed people have come from rural areas of central for most of their stay.

Mexico. They were underprivileged there with- The districts in Los Angeles and San Antonio, out adequate educational advantages, their chil- as well as cities like EI Paso and Phoenix, have dren growing up in the midst of squalor and improved in a very remarkable way, keeping step misery. The families sought relief believing that with the adjustment our people are making to our the United States, the great land of opportunity, American economy. Certainly much improvement provided a paradise. They brought with them could yet be made, and the cities could enforce their crude ideas of sanitation and of healing, their in a stricter way their sanitary regulations, could ignorance and superstition and their absolute sub- they realize how vital the need is for more health- servience to the Roman Catholic church. The saving conditions.

Mexican people are very gregarious and they The masses of our immigrants changed very form large colonies in our centers of populations. little their previous e~onomic status, if we judge Because of their background, they have created by outward appearances. I was living in central a mighty problem for the boards of health; their Mexico when this modern race movement began, homes are ravaged by disease, such as tuber- and marvellous accounts of the utopic opportuni- culosis and skin diseases, their children are under- ties in the North began to filter into our area. In nourished. During the midsummer our ceme- those days a family could secure work quickly,

SUCCESS AMONG SPANISH AMERICAN

then would send word to their relatives and own enterprises, leaders in CIVIC organizations, friends to the effect that they had been able to buy such as Rotary, Kiwanis and Lions Clubs. This shoes for all the children, that while living costs younger generation has also been forming fra- were much greater than in Mexico, they were ternal organizations and clubs that have as their able to live on a level only possible for the upper object the better adjustment df the American classes in their homeland. Who but the rich born Latin American. Mexican government merchants and "hacendados" could afford auto- sponsored organizations are also putting forth mobiles; but. most of these poor families boasted every effort to hold the loyalty of these groups of relatives who had left Mexico with only what to the mother country. Often our young folk do they could carry rolled in a blanket and were now not know their own mind, as they are swayed by living in such opulence that they traveled from the influence of the family toward Mexico and in community to community in their own cars. Such the opposite direction by almost every other in- stories spread like fire and American Consulates fluence.

were filled with hundreds of Mexicans seeking It is sad to note that the youth are assimmilatadmittance into this paradise. ing some most undesirable customs and attitudes, With the exception of two periods of depression, without being influenced by the most wholesome the first one causing terrible suffering in the Mexi- of our environment. Because of their adoption of can colonies of our northern cities, and the present our customs, especially in the contact of the sexes, depression, most Mexicans have been able to secure friction is caused in the homes. The adults still employment during a considerable portion of the cling to the restrictions and inhibitions of yesteryear, and have gradually risen in the economic day in Mexico. In the old days in Mexico, no scale. The piano, the phonograph, the radio and modest girl was ever seen in public in the company the automobile have made a vast change in the of a young man. Their courtships were carried economic outlook and status of these people. While on under very different circumstances. Now they these changes have in some slight degree come to have adopted our custom of courtship, etc., with- Mexico herself, they are so great here as to change out all of the necessary self-restraints. The transthe whole outlook, in spite of depression, suffering formation has been entirely too rapid and too and despair. Even in these hard times, those who many disasters have befallen the youth. Latin frequent our institutions dress better, keep their passion has not necessarily been restrained behome surroundings more attractive and in many cause of changed environment. Some of our ways demonstrate that they are being assimilated greatest problems arise just at this point. We be:- into our economy-especially those who have re- lieve that within a few more years, with the com- mained while thousands have returned to Mexico. ing of a new generation of young people from the 2. Social adjustment-The adult Mexican popu- homes of those who have already become adjusted, lation has resisted social change more strongly the problem will not be so acute. This is condi- than almost any other immigrant group. They tioned upon the continuance of present stringent have been so gregarious and so intimately related immigration restrictions-when our Mexican to all of the processes of life of Mexico-very population is decreasing rather than increasing, largely because of territorial proximity-that and there is no great mass of young people to their response to custom and environment has absorb.

been quite insignificant. Only a small percentage No institution of the States has functioned so are familiar enough with the English language to well in these matters of economic and social ad- use it in business or social contacts. Thousands justment as our Public Schools. Our southwestern of Mexicans have been living in the United States cities have recognized the great opportunity and for ten, fifteen or twenty years and do not under- have met it with great success.

stand even the simplest and most common English phrases. Other thousands of young people, born What Evangelical Churches Are Doing and reared in the States, are equally unfamiliar Mexico has been for a number of years the with the language, which is the first step toward scene of very rapid changes in the relations beadjustment to our American social order. tween certain social elements and the Roman A great transformation has come to the thou- Catholic Church. The modern movement away sands of wide-awake children and young people from the Church had its origin in the beginnings that have been attending our public schools for of the movement for independence from Spain be- the last ten years; hundreds of them finish our gun in 1810. The Church opposed every move- junior schools and high schools each year and are ment that tended toward liberty for the country, adjusting themselves in a splendid way to the life political, religious and social-exemplified in the of our communities. We find them in stores, shops, movement led in 1810 by Fr. Miguel Hidalgo y offices, and in the professions, conducting their Costilla, the Reform Laws of 1857 under the lead-

ership of Don Benito Jaurez, and the recent revo- Forsythe Memorial School (Pres. U. S. A.), Los Angeles, lution of 1910 under Francisco I. Madero and California. other famous leaders of the period. Lately the Church has been placed in a most embarrassing Lydia Patterson Institute (Methodist Episcopal Church, situation because of the defection of a great mass South), El Paso, Texas. of the rural or agrarian elements. The unskilled labor, as well as syndicalized labor, has been bitter Wesleyan Institute for Boys (Methodist Episcopal in its opposition to the "rule by clergy." Most of Church, South), San Antonio, Texas. (Now closed.) these people have retained nominally their religious allegiance, but have not restrained their Holding Institute, co-educational, (Meth. Episcopal opposition to the political action of the church. Church, South), Laredo, Texas.

The Mexican immigrant, released from the eco- Texas-Mexican Industrial Institute for Boys (Pres. U. nomic fetters of the old system of Mexico, has also S.), Kingsville, Texas. lost much of the respect and most of the loyalty that he formerly held for the Roman Catholic Presbyterian Industrial School for Mexican Girls, Church. He learned that his parish saints could (Pres. U. S.), Taft, Texas. not do everything for him, and in his new environment in the United States, he did not need Valley Institute for Girls (Methodist Episcopal, South), to be so submissive to the rulers of his faith. The Pharr, Texas. majority of our Mexicans, while maintaining their nominal relation to the Church, are Catholic in Effie Edington School for Girls (Methodist Episcopal name only. The freedom with which they attend Church, South), EI Paso, Texas. Protestant services and frequent Protestant institutions, is a marked contrast to the attitude of the The only institutions for the preparation of masses of the people eight or ten years ago. ministers are The Spanish-American Baptist Seminary, Los Angeles, The Training School at Most of the major Evangelical communions are the Plaza Christian Center of the Methodist Episcarrying on successful work among the Spanish- copal Church in Los Angeles, and the Spanish Despeaking people. There are about one thousand partment of the Presbyterian Theological Semidifferent Evangelical projects scattered from the nary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S., Austin, Pacific to the Atlantic, and from the Mexican Texas. The other religious bodies train their Border to Canada, although the greater number workers in their regular denominational instituof these projects are in Texas, Colorado, New tions. Mexico, Arizona and California. New York City has flourishing Evangelical congregations, the The Plaza Schools of New Mexico have made members of which are in their majority Porto for many years a very distinctive contribution to Ricans, Cubans, South Americans or Spanish, al- the development of the rural areas of Northern though there are also many Mexicans in these New Mexico serving the thousands of Spanish congregations. There are also strong Spanish- Americans that live in that area. Almost all of the speaking congregations of various religious bodies students in Menaul School, Rio Grande Institute, in the State of Florida. Edith McCurdy School, Allison-James are Spanish American and must be distinguished from the 1. Education–There are numerous primary and Mexican immigrant. high schools conducted by several of the communions; some of these schools are boarding All of these schools are serving our Spanish-lanschools. The most outstanding schools are: guage population in a very wonderful way; hun- dreds of their graduates are occupying places of Allison-James School for Girls (Pres. U. S. A.), Santa influence in the Southwest. Fe, New Mexico. 2. Christian Community Centel·s.-The Chris- Menaul School for Boys (Pres. U. S. A.), Albuquerque, tian center movement has been very successful, New Mexico. and many of the evangelical communions are con- ducting important enterprises in scores of Amer- Edith McCurdy School (United Brethren) Santa Cruz, ican cities. The most outstanding Christian cen- New Mexico. ters are: Rio Grande Institute, (Congregational) Albuquerque, The Plaza Christian Center of the Methodist Episcopal New Mexico. Church, Los Angeles, California.

Mary J. Platt School for Girls (Methodist Episcopal) The Belvedere Neighborhood House of the Presbyterian Tucson, Arizona. Church, U. S. A., Los Angeles, California.

Harwood Boys School and Harwood Girls School (Meth- The Rose Gregory Houchen Settlement of the Methodist odist Episcopal), Albuquerque, New Mexico. Episcopal Church, EI Paso, Texas.

Spanish American Institute (Methodist Episcopal), The Baptist Christian Center, Phoenix, Arizona. Gardena, California. The Presbyterian Home of Neighborly Service of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., San Bernardino, California. Frances De Pauw Industrial School (Methodist Epis- The Wesley Community House, Methodist Episcopal copal), Los Angeles, California. Church, South, San Antonio, Texas. The Mexican Christian Institute (Disciples of Christ), San Antonio, Texas. The Home of Neighborly Service (Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.), San Antonio, Texas. St. Anne's Mission (Protestant Episcopal Church), El Paso, Texas. There are more than a score of other efficient 1918 was 250-in 1930 it was 3,500-a 1,300% Christian Centers that carryon programs of re- increase. ligious education, kindergartens, supervised recreation, clinics, employment and legal departments, Two greatneeds are outstanding in the developboys' and girls' clubs, as well as a multitude of ment of our Spanish-language churches, mainly, other types of unclassified service. These Chris- a better trained ministry and a more adequate tian centers cooperate in a very wonderful way program of religious education. Those of us who with the rest of the Evangelical program and are are engaged in this enterprise are well aware of helping to meet the very difficult problems of eco- the problem and plans are being formed that we nomic and social adjustment by which our Span- trust will have their effect in improving condiish-language colonies are confronted. tions some time in the near future.

3. The Church.-The growth of Evangelical 4. Interdenominational Fellowship. – Perhaps Christian churches has been phenomenal, from a the most interesting and successful example of cofew hundred members twenty-five years ago to operation is to be found in the Interdenominationabout thirty thousand at the present time, not in- al Council on Spanish Speaking Work organized cluding the membership of the various Pente- about twenty years ago. Through this fellowship costal groups, Seventh Day Adventists, etc. Many devoted to the elimination of overlapping and comchurches have suffered a loss of membership with- petition and a very adequate occupation of the in the last year because of the repatriation pro- field, we have been able to overcome many of the cess; thousands of our Mexican Christians have difficult problems of such an enterprise as this. joined the throngs that have gone back to Mexico There are still occasional points of friction, and we have not been able to take all of the desired during this period. In spite of the loss of mem- steps in the allocation of areas, but we have bers, many of our churches are reporting an in- learned to trust one another and to work together "conscious that basically, our cause is one." creased attendance in the church schools, an in- Nueva Senda, a monthly interdenominational crease of the ever widening sphere of influence in journal, is published under the auspices of this the churches. A splendid example of this growth Council and has had much to do in molding the may be seen in the Spanish-language work of the sentiment of our Evangelical forces in the matter Northern Baptist Church. Their membership in of cooperation and closer fellowship.

The Fate of Missionaries' Children* By DAN B. BRUMMITT Editor of the Central Christian Advocate, Chicago "TELL about your children's education; what Appraisal Committee, the record would have been it has been and where they received it; and better I"

what they are doing now." These missionary families have averaged be- This request went to every Methodist foreign tween three and four children. Practically all of . missionary who had been at work twenty years or the children received their early education in the longer. lands where their parents were laboring. Most Most of the answers are definitely astonishing. of them prepared for college before leaving the More than eighty families have reported, with a field.

total of 283 children. Of these, 273 are still liv- The ages of the children included in this report ing-an amazing fact in itself. Six died by acci- range from four to fifty-two. About one hun- dent and one was killed in war. Only three are dred are twenty years of age or under so that reported to have died from ordinary causes 1 The they have not yet had their full education.

six who died by accident were the children of the Eighty-six children have from one to three col- Rev. and Mrs. D. H. Lee, and met death one ter- lege degrees and the average is one and one-half rible night, when their home was swept down a college degrees per family. Candidates in sight Himalayan mountain-side in the landslide known may raise that to two and one-half per family. ever since as the Darjeeling disaster. Thirteen children are doing graduate university work. Sixteen are on the mission fields, and five In the light of that record, as well as of others, more would be there if funds were available. the notation on one missionary's report is worth Twelve are planning to go to the mission field quoting: "Had the Board been 'more careful in when they finish school. Twenty-two are teachthe selection of their parents,' as suggested by the • Condensed from The Indian 1Vitnes8, Lucknow. ing in the United States in mission fields and nine-

teen are in other professional work. Nineteen parents' vocation, and many accept it for themhave gone into business. selves. But their great distinction seems to be, so far as our study goes, that these missionary In the noble army of students working their parents, who are so often misunderstood, and way through school, the child of missionary par- sometimes underestimated, who are so poor in ents has been a conspicuous, persistent, and re- this world's goods and so lavish in their spending sourceful figure. of life, have given their children the finest educa- tional preparation that comes to any group of This simple inquiry, though its modest scope American boys and girls, rich or poor. does not justify any sweeping statement, points plainly to the conclusion that to be doubly advan- We turn from this study with one conviction taged in the race of life, first, the candidate should more than ever fixed: whatever disappointment be born in a minister's home; and, second, the the foreign mi~sionary enterprise may have been parents should be among those who are accepted in other respects, and however the blame may be for foreign mission service. apportioned, something real and important has been going on under the roofs of missionary fam- The children of missionaries learn from many ilies. These people seem, in the ancient phrase, teachers outside of school. They tend to become to have deserved well of the commonwealth. cosmopolitan in their interests. The great majority of them have a profound respect for their The Cost of Being a Missionary* By the REV. EDWARD M. HAYMAKER, D.D., Guatemala City, Guatemala For Fifty Years a Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions THE average American home stands higher in on intimate terms with them, are wretched, dirty, practical comforts than any other. We live unsanitary and repugnant to you after your so less frugally than in Europe. Our boarding different life. Their food is the food of poverty schools, colleges and seminaries have been well very different from what you have been used to, endowed and there seems to be a rivalry among and is at first distasteful and even repugnant, them in the matter of student comfort that puts especially when you see it prepared. the best at the service of all. In the educational world this is carried still further by fraternity If you are going to get close to them you will and sorority life. After living most comfortably have to sacrifice your appetite, your taste, your from birth to ordination or its equivalent, and sense of cleanliness, your foreign manners, your having developed what non-Americans would call exactions of comfort in sleeping, eating, travela pampered life, the young missionary comes to ling, speed, relationships and what not. his field with the expectation of some sacrifice it is true, but you will necessarily find a great dif- You must be prepared for nonappreciation of ference between the sacrifices you have imagined your benevolence and the kindness of your misand are braced for, and the ones you really meet sion. You must expect to be misunderstood, and that catch you quite unprepared. misinterpreted, calumniated, suspected, accused falsely, lampooned, mobbed. Sometimes mission- Where the new missionary is likely to weaken aries have actually been unjustly jailed under is in the extent and scope of his sacrifice and its accusation of murder, revolution, fornication, perrelation to his main object. Are you burningly nicious activities, subversion of morals and faanxious to get into sympathetic touch with those naticism! They have been suspected by the people you want to reach, and will you sacrifice comfort, they came to bless with the Gospel and have been health, money interests, individual tastes, repu- maliciously accused of theft, fraud, political intation, ambitions, family …… anything at all trigue, spying and horse-stealing. They have been that stands in the way of that closeness and sym- threatened by people in authority with imprisonpathy that marks the Spirit of Christ and that ment in the national penitentiary, with a fine, and alone will attain the results you are after? with all sorts of indefinite punishments that took it for granted that we were either degenerates or Most of the people that need you most, that you criminals of the lowest order….. . want to reach, live in out-of-the-way country districts. Their houses, where you will often have The principle is a simple one: Have you a conto put up and where you ought by all means to get secration that will balk at no sacrifice that helps you to sympathetic identification with the people * From Guatemala NeW8. you came to save?

Are Christian Missions

While? * By L. G. H. SARSFIELD, M.Sc., M.LE.E., A. Inst. P., London, England H ow is activity in any sphere justified? One when the risen Christ met His disciples after the may look to at least four lines in order to resurrection. The Galilean meeting, it is signifi- draw some valid conclusions-demand, cant to note, was by appointment made before authority, precedent, and results. the crucifixion. He said to his chosen apostles: These four lines of inquiry may be profitably "All power is given unto me in heaven an.d in examined in the case for Christian missions. earth. Go ye therefore and teach all nations, bap- What are Christian missions? What is their tizing them and teaching them to observe all aim? This is set forth in the magnificent mes- things whatsoever I have commanded you; and sage which Christ, catching the prophetic word of lo! I am with you alway."

Isaiah, used when He announced His program in Compelling as the command is of itself, it is the Synagogue of Nazareth- not an isolated dictum born of a spontaneous idea.

To preach the gospel to the poor; It is the crystallizing into a definite instruction To heal the brokenhearted; the principles for carrying on the work which To preach deliverance to the captives; Christ during His ministry inaugurated with the The recovery of sight to the blind; same universal aim. His message was: "For God To set at liberty them that are bruised; so loved the world that he gave his only begotten Son that whoso believeth in him should not perish To preach the acceptable year .of the Lord.

The Christian missionary's task is to continue but have everlasting life." the preaching of the Good News-the revelation of God's manifestation of Himself in Jesus Christ, The Christian missionary movement is not the message of redemption from sin through the based only on one single passage from the Found- Cross and the hope of eternal union with God. er of the faith. The missionary enterprise is The Christian missionary knows and declares woven into the very fabric of Christ's teaching, that Christ's "touch has still its ancient power" personality, and work, and in addition to the colto heal, to deliver, to give sight and to set. at lective command after Christ's ascension specific liberty. instructions were given to individuals. Two ex- amples will serve. First, Paul, at his conversion, Christ Himself originated Christian mISSIOns received his call to missionary service through and thrust forth His disciples with stirring Ananias to whom the Lord had said, "He is a words. Christ then is our authority. chosen vessel unto me to bear my name before Authority for Christian Missions the Gentiles and Kings and the children of We accept the Bible as the Word of God, Jesus Israel." Christ as the unique Son of God, and the Gospels Second, Philip, when released from his duties as a true record of the facts concerning His life, teachings, death and resurrection. as deacon in Jerusalem, went down to Samaria and in the middle of a successful preaching cam- Christ gave definite instructions to His dis- paign had a most interesting foreign missionary ciples: "Go to the lost sheep of the House of call to go "unto Gaza which is desert." There a Israel, as ye go preach, . . . heal the sick, cleanse man of Ethiopia was converted. Thus Christian the lepers, raise the dead, cast out devils, freely gladness was first brought to Africa's Negro ye have received, freely give." Christ's purpose of mercy included the Gentiles. "He shall show races.. judgment to the Gentiles … and in his name How could the Apostles and early Christians shall the Gentiles trust." forbear to embark on the missionary enterprise After the crucifixion the scope of the commis- which has in greater or lesser degree continued sion to the disciples is widened to the whole world ever since? Does this command to spread the Gospel apply to disciples in a later generation? Does it confer • A paper read before a philosophical and religious club lu London. any obligation upon Christians of the present The club includes Protestants, Roman CathOliCS, .Jews and Agnostics.

[39 ]

day? Yes. First, the task set was of stupendous of his life to inauguration of Christian missions magnitude, such as could not be accomplished in in Japan and parts of India?

the lifetime of those who received the message Then Carey in the eighteenth and nineteenth and therefore would have to be carried on by suc- centuries became the leader of modern Christian cessors. Indeed, it is not yet finished. Second, missions in India.

the promise, "Lo! I am with you alway, even Frederick Stanley Arnot, himself a missionary unto the end of the world," carries the quality of for 30 years in Central Africa, says of Living- perpetuity, i. e., it is not restricted to personal stone, whose work he continued: "Everyone limits but it is a universal promise for all time. looked upon him as a benefactor and his sermons The call to Christian missionary service still were learned off by heart by the Africans." What comes from the same source as of old, and is con- sort of sermons were they? David Livingstone straining men and women now to carry the Gos- told the natives of God's love, but did not forget pel to dark and needy places of the earth and to to tell them of sin and the need for repentance.

suffer many things for Christ's sake. The com- Here is a bit of a Livingstone sermon recited by mand "Go ye," sounding over the Galilean hills a blind old native: "You people of the Makalolo, 2,000 years ago, echoes down the ages, and is you great men and warriors, I tell you you are heard by servants of God today and is born in not great men. You are bad and mean…. This on the consciousness by the Holy Spirit who was is a great evil. The Evangel has gone into all the sent, as Jesus Christ Himself said, "to teach … world to teach men that to be great is to be good."

to bring all things to your remembrance." How many Chinese trace to Hudson Taylor and The Christian Evangel has gone forth. The the China Inland Mission their knowledge C1f God history of missions brings us into contact with and emancipation from traditional and religious heroes of the faith; we see the records of epic bondage?

adventure and mark the tale of sacrifice and pri- Do we envy James Chalmers, the Scottish mis- vation by which the light has been brought to sionary to New Guinea and the South Sea Islands, them that sit in darkness and the shadow of that which led Robert Louis Stevenson to say of death. As I understand these things the author- him: "He is all gold, a rowdy fellow but a hero– ity is definite. you can't weary me with him, he is as big as a The Precedent for Christian Missions house and far bigger than any church"? C. T. Studd, leader of the famous Cambridge It would be outside the scope of human power Missionary Seven, founded the Heart of Africa to judge the validity of any particular call to mis- Mission. Studd, a cricket blue and representative sionary work or to assign the ultimate value of of England, turned from the life of security at that work. We can, however, view the historic home which opened up to him and devoted him- background so as to draw some broad conclusions self to the proclamation of the Gospel in darkest on fairly accepted principles. This subject of Africa.

precedent admits of interpretation from another Space does not permit us to dwell on Hanning- point of view-that associated with the example ton of Uganda, Grenfell of Labrador, and a hun- of men and women who have borne the message. dred more. They call the Church of Christ today We cannot look back at those who have now laid to follow in their train. These are men whose down the torch without observing that they were challenge should receive some reply. They say to characterized by spiritual power, indomitable us now words like St. Paul's: "Be ye followers of courage, strong character and lofty purpose. As me, even as I also am of Christ." The precedent we review the noble army I think we achieve a is a strong one.

certain maturity of thinking which is construc- The Need for Christian Missions tive.

Let St. Paul come first. What tireless feet, Let us consider the present-day need in a two- what burning zeal, what loyal devotion, as he fold way.

journeyed in Asia, sailed the seas, pressed on to First, how do we see the moral and spiritual Athens and nome-now declaring his new life to need of China and Japan, India and Burma, the Jews, now laboring for his daily bread, now Persia, Russia, Africa, South America? China is eloquent among the Greeks-always uplifting now rocked by internal and international quar- Christ who had revealed Himself to him. rels, the despotism of the paternal rule which Who can tell the debt which under God we owe found its maturity in ancestor and spirit worship, to Saint Augustine who organized the early the Tauism which started as a philosophy and Church in England? developed into idolatry, the dead ethical code of Was it not Francis Xavier who, in the middle Confucianism, the pantheistic supineness of Bud- of the sixteenth century, followed up the pioneer dhism have left the millions of China uneducated, Portuguese merchant mariners and devoted years superstitious and a prey to action and counter-

WHY ARE CHRISTIAN MISSIONS WORTH WHILE?

action of faction – armies and organized ban- touchables, 80 million Mohammedans and five milditry. lion Christians.

The Chinese youth grow up dissatisfied with The Hindus are bound in the inflexible caste religion and government (or the lack of it) ,- system by which, as Sir George McMunn says in nationalist influence is strengthening. his new book, "The Underworld of India," every form of social life and occupation means a rec- Has Russia, in its present reconstructional ognized place high or low stamped and sealed by tantrum, any need of missionary effort? Russia religious laws. This exclusiveness distinct enough has nominally thrown over religion, and now is between caste and caste is shown up most sharpbeing organized on an anti-God basis. Draw back ly in its ostracism of the poor outcast whose lot the curtain of agnosticism that hid the heart of is a very terrible one. He is consigned to the Russia's late hero, Lenin, and we see that even meanest tasks, he must not be near a caste man, he betrayed symptoms of man's universal desire his children may not enter into schools and his to bestow worship on some object? Basil Mat- contact with a caste man must be paid for by the thews writes: "One day he led a group of revolu- latter with heavy religious penalties. tionaries on a pilgrimage to Karl Marx's grave at Highgate. There, with hat off, Lenin mur- Mr. Gandhi says, "The outcaste untouchables mured a prayer to Marx." Is there not to be are treated as if less than beasts. If it were posfound here something of the incurably religious sible to deny them the privileges of the other spirit in man? Russia has lost its sense of per- world it is highly likely that the defenders of the spective and has been blinded to the essential monster (caste) would isolate them in the other relativity of spiritual and temporal values. world." Then within the caste system itself con- ditions are incomprehensible. The insecurity of The Bolshevist achievement and program are womankind, the universal child marriages, the staggering in their greatness but they are short horrors of childbirth, the shame of widowhood, of greatest, without God. How many thousand the exhaustion of manhood, the prevalence of diswords have been devoted lately to "Russia To- ease, the lack of education-these things and day" ? One aspect which seems to emerge, is that more give ample reason for such facts as this that authority and routine is exercised with rigidity, every generation sees the death of three million harshness bordering on cruelty. The Master of mothers in the agonies of childbirth and this, that the Temple once wrote, "Christianity is democ- the average life of Indian inhabitants is 23 years. racy touched with revelation." Russia's democ- To this the Hindu answers "Karma-Kismet"- racy needs the touch of Christian revelation, the an enigmatic fate. newness of life that follows vital union with Christ. There are thousands of temples to Kali, the goddess of destruction, and to Vishnu and In Japan we see a populous educated people Krishna. When every allowance is made for the full of inquiry, restless, unsatisfied either with Hindu religion by which the continuation of the age-old superstitution, Shintoism, Buddhism, or world, the procreation of the body, is an absorb- Marxism. In these countries their historic reli- ing duty so that things of sex and human passion gions have failed and this fact is being grimly at- are worshipped there is much in Hinduism which tested in a very practical way in China, reverting is difficult to defend. Robert Bernays, reviewing to China for a moment where the governments are McMunn's book, says, "Personally I find Benares commandeering religious temples for offices and quite nauseating. All its untidy splendor and its similar general purposes. Individuals are every- eerie fascination do not obscure the sadism and where declaring the insecurity of their old beliefs, unasochism, vice and ignorance-every form of still trying almost hopelessly the tricks of the bestiality masquerading as a religious exultation. fortune tellers, still escaping obligation by death I do not think," Bernays continues, "that any at their own hand. These things loudly declare man who has studied Hinduism at close quarters a need. In the Christian message there is the would ever report the popular fiction that one re- "sure and steadfast hope." Instead of insecurity ligion is as good as another." there is faith in Christ who said "I am the truth." Instead of accommodated truth of Buddhism Katherine Mayo, whose book, "Mother India," there is forgiveness of sins through Christ's sac- paints a picture in darker colors and with bolder rifice. Instead of fatalism, there is a call to fight strokes than I would reproduce says: "The Indian the good fight, instead of the divorcing of the wields and hugs his chains and with violence detheory of moral belief from moral practice. fends them. No agency but a new Spirit within his own breast can set him free." That new India-what a tale of need she can tell! A sub- spirit is exactly what Christ gives. Jesus said to continent with over 350 million native people Nicodemus: "Ye must be born again," and goes speaking 200 separate languages. There are ap- on to tell him that this new and everlasting life proximately 240 million Hindus, comprising 2,000 born 'of the Spirit is a mysterious but no less different castes, and 80 million outcasts, or un-

positive possession received in response to belief worships afford him no other inspiration than in the Son of God. fear and to appease them the toll of life is a long The Mohammedans of India, says a recent and sad one.

government census, are the most backward peo- I want to picture two scenes. In the center of ple of all the provinces of India. Though freed the first is an open grave. On the edge of the in a measure from infant marriage and enforced grave sits a tiny child. In the grave is the dead widowhood Mohammedan women have little but body of the mother, victim of some plague.

purdah with its demoralizing influences, its un- Around the grave is a large party of natives who healthy conditions, its restriction in every form are singing, shouting and making the rudest din.

to look forward to. Yet the Mohammedan or- While this progresses they are watching to see ganization has vast resources, a very full litera- whether the child will fall upon the body of the ture, a comprehensive system of missionary en- mother. If so, the child has been called by the terprise-how can it countenance these things? spirits to join the mother in the spirit journey This question is easier to put than to answer. and it is buried alive. This, alas, too often occurs.

Islam is a religion asserting the unity of God, In the second picture we see a native household the power of His will and in possession of a in mourning. A native king has died. His spirit mysticism which has held the emotions and hearts will need company in the spirit world so a hun- of millions. Noone will deny that it has elements dred, perhaps more, of his retinue must die to of strength, vitality and truth. In spite of this join him.

Islam has proved itself inadequate to meet the Do not these things declare a need?

social, intellectual, moral and spiritual needs of These people need deliverance from their bond- humanity. "This failure," says Dr. Zwemer age.

speaking from the Christian standpoint, "is the We recall Christ's words: "To preach deliver- justification for missions to Mohammedans…. ance-to set at liberty them that are bound."

Islam has failed to meet the needs of childhood; These people need to be educated.. The various it is content with low ethical standards; it has governments seem very slow to undertake the through the example of Mohammed himself, his task either for financial or other reasons and so companions and Moslem saints, undermined hu- the missionaries must and the missionaries do.

man happiness by its well-known teaching re- But is ordinary education enough? These people garding polygamy, slavery, and the inferiority of need a knowledge of God and His love as revealed womanhood." I am aware of the championship in Jesus Christ. They need an understanding of of Mohammedanism by men such as the Aga right and wrong, a knowledge of forgiveness and Khan whose wealth backs considerable mission- a vital link with God. God is love and perfect ary enterprise in Western India where he is re- love casteth out fear.

garded almost as a deity, but I do not think he Why not teach ethics only? Because ethics can could deny the statements of R. E. Welsh in his only show a material ideal. Union with Christ book, "The Challenge to Christian Missions," that gives man assistance in his struggle. Welsh says Mohammedanism has arrested the development of that "The method of drilling in purely legal ethics every race it has won. was tried by Bishop Colenso experimentally in Islam has about 100 millions of adherents in Natal. He withheld the full Gospel from his Africa. It was here that Livingstone gained his Zulus and taught them the law of commandments, impressions of the Moslem, and they were most training them in simple morals and industry.

unsatisfactory. I wonder what it was in Islam When his preparatory work was completed his that made him say, "Mohammedans are unmiti- "School Kaffirs," set free to go their own way re- g-ated liars . . . worthless." Lunt says, "Islam turned to their old paganism again, reverting to has met men on their own level and has left them type. On the other hand the full Christian faith where they were." proved itself most powerful for the moral de- Time forbids our consideration of many types velopment of immature races. It has certainly of Africa, the Arab, the Zulu, the pigmy, the to be taught by missionaries who have Moses'

black giant. May I, however, direct thought for gift as much as St. John's.

a moment to the great central belt, comprising We have not mentioned South America-a land Angola, French Equatorial, Congo BeIge, Tan- nominally Roman Catholic but actually outside ganyika Territory, Kenya, where the people, the Church and in many cases observing religious saturated with animism, live in constant fear of rights incorporating a mixture of Roman and spirit enemies and where the witch doctor wields pagan ideas-nor the islands of the sea, isolated undisputed sway. The African native adores and often forgotten.

nature and is an expert at natural history, but The same principles hold in the need of all he has no weapon with which to combat disease primitive native races all round the globe.

and pests which assail him. The spirits that he It has been said that while pagan religions may

not be utter illusions they are often so imperfect results are obvious. Critics have advanced many and corrupted and so distort the truth that arguments against missionary effort in view of wherein they have hints of good they must be ful- what are in their opinion unsatisfactory results.

filled and consummated in Christ and wherein Lord Salisbury once said, "At the Foreign they are false and debasing they must be sup- Office the missionaries are not popular." Lord planted by Christ. "Some better thing" justifies Curzon has said of missionaries that "It is im- His Church in superseding pagan faiths. Noth- possible to ignore the fact that these missionaries ing is so important to the races of mankind as are a source of political unrest," but he also said moral regeneration. "that governments should fight or that interna- Although these conditions constitute and ex- tional relations should be imperilled . . . would hibit a need, many cases can be cited in which strike him as but a feather's weight in the scale pagan races themselves articulate the call. compared with the final issues at stake, viz., that An interesting instance recently given publicity spiritual regeneration of a vast country and a by a broadcast by the Rev. Murray Walton of the mighty population plunged in heathenism and Church Missionary Society is that of Japan where sin."

evangelistic work has been actively prosecuted If Christ's missionaries are accused of produc- through the medium of the press.. The Rev. Mr. ing social and civic unrest they are only calling Walton takes advantage of one of the finest news- forth the same comment as did those of old of paper organizations in the world for spreading whom it was said, "these men have turned the the Gospel message by articles, advertisements of world upside down."

meetings, etc. Over 100,000 people have written On the other hand, however, the work of the for instruction and spiritual advice. Study Christian missionary is often of the greatest help courses for which the students pay a nominal fee to government officials in foreign countries. The are being largely taken up. By means of tens of missionary's skill in the fight against disease, the thousands of letters Japanese (mostly young peo- missionary's house as a place for parley in a dis- ple) are expressing the inability of their old re- pute, the missionary's wisdom in settlement of ligions to meet modern problems, an intense long- tribal quarrels, are all things of definite value.

ing for guidance in life, a desire for knowledge Traders frequently complain that missionaries of the righteousness of God, the message of the "spoil the natives" for productive work. This ac- Cross of Christ and Christian discipleship. cusation may be partially true, but it is generally News comes from all over China telling of in- unfair for two reasons. First of all the trader vitations to overworked missionaries to visit vil- rarely credits the missionary with opening up the lages with the Gospel. country in which he is getting his gains; second, From India goes up the cry of thousands of the native who has been influenced by Christian- needy men and women, boys and girls, for love ity and finds a new responsibility in home and and care, for truth and light. Mothers are be- village life will not be free for the exacting con- seeching for entrance to Christian maternity ditions, indiscriminate trekking and various ir- homes, men are knocking at the door of Christian regularities attaching to getting difficult jobs hospitals and medical establishments. done in the cheapest and quickest way.

"A shower of rain does not water the earth." A case lending support to the missionary's posi- That was said by an African chief recently to a tion is recorded of an English trader in Africa missionary of the Sudan United Mission. The who, finding the work of evangelized natives so chief was pleading for more frequent visits to his much superior to that of raw native, and finding people, who hear the Gospel only once a year or the former so much more contented and fearless, even more seldom. Missionary doctors all over has organized Christian missionary effort among the African continent are writing home saying his own men on his farm where facilities for that they cannot cope with the demand for their regular worship and religious instruction are ministry of healing and their teaching of the good afforded.

news. The late Dan Crawford, missionary and trav- And so throughout the world instances can be eler in Africa, tells in his book, "Thinking Black,"

multiplied of the same sort of thing. of the clearing of the "long grass," the planting Opposition there is and always will be for the of gardens, the building of orderly villages and Christian advance must meet the forces and the establishment of comparatively prosperous vested interests of ignorance and evil-but the domestic communities as a direct result of Chris- demand for Christian missions is urgent. tian witness, example and cooperation. Dr. Mof- The Results of Christian Missions fat's dream of Christian homesteads, railways traversing Mrica and steamboats plying its The ultimate value of Christian missions is im- lakes, has come true.

possible of assessment, but some of the immediate Only a month or so ago a missionary of the

African Inland Mission told me of an illuminat- These things have come in a thousand ways ing conversation between a trader and a native. through lives being changed, vision being given, The trader, seeing an old man outside his hut purpose being ennobled, by Christ, and we are reading his Bible while besidE:: him a communal reaping the fruit of His toil and that of His dismeal in a vast vessel was in process of cooking said, "What are you reading that silly old book ciples. for?" The old man explained that in it he found In the mission field at this moment lives are comfort, instruction, good news about God, and besides, he continued, "if you'd come here 20 being changed by the power of Christ. The facts years ago before we had that 'silly old book,' you are unassailable. Names and labeling may differ would probably be in that silly old pot to make us from observer to observer, but associated with our silly old supper." the preaching of the Gospel heathen men and women are receiving new experience and are en- In connection with the getting rid of witchcraft tering a new heritage which is both uplifting the work of the missionaries was commended only and expanding. recently by Lord Buxton, the President of the African Society. Christian missions are not merely Westerniz- ing the East, but they are returning to the world The words of Lord Lawrence years ago still with the gift of the Middle East. Nor did Christ have abiding value: "Notwithstanding all the omit instructions in decorum when he said, English people have done to benefit India the mis- "When ye enter a house salute it." Obviously no sionaries have done more than all other agencies methods of force are permissible. The evangelist combined." must go forth in the Spirit of Christ.

An important factor in the development of Whatever the collective results of Christian mankind is its literature. In scores of cases the missions may be the essential product in the in- Christian missionary has opened up the possibili- dividual is the thing that matters and men are ties of reading to backward native communities being led to contemplate and in small measure who could neither read or write. He has given to approach unto "the stature of the fulness of them as their first literature the Bible-or parts Christ." of it-in their own vernacular. There are about 26,000 Protestant Christian Returning home for a moment, perhaps it is missionaries now on the lists of active service and humiliating to recall that only 1,500 years ago annually some $50,000,000 is spent in the enterin this island of ours cannibalism was still ex- prise. We canot gauge the work by the money istent. Happily we have made strides since then. spent nor by man-hours or missionary-years. A Education had its nursery in the Church. Admit- missionary doctor friend of mine in the Congo ting all the failings of modern civilization, as we writes: "If the teaching of Christ is of more know it in England, who can dispute the amazing value (i. e., in terms of the absolute, truer) than progress which has been achieved down the cen- what 'heathen nations' use for the basis of their turies? I think it is impossible to divorce our living, then to bring it by word and example to enlightenment today from Christian influences. their notice is not only justifiable but to omit to do so is criminal selfishness."

CHRISTIANITY AND JUDAISM-TRUE AND FALSE Rabbi Ferdinand M. Isserman, Temple Israel, St. Louis, Missouri, spoke in his synagogue on Good Friday a year or so ago on the topic: "Can the Synagogue Accept Jesus Christ?" He said: "It is true that Christianity, as a religion, is not responsible for the persecution of the Jew. Those who persecuted Jews, those who hated, those who oppressed, those who massacred, even if they did it in the name of Christianity, did so in violation of its spirit. That national- ism animates Christians today, that our unjust social order is tottering, that wars are in the offing in states dominated by Christians, in civilizations controlled by Christians, is not a re- flection upon Christianity but rather an indication that its ethical and spiritual message has failed fully to permeate the hearts and souls of those who subscribe to it. Just as it is unfair to hold Judaism responsible for the sins of a few Jews in Hollywood or in Berlin or in New York, so it is unfair to judge Christianity by those of its sons who, by their brutality, have been treasonable to its genius and to its spirit. If Christian civilization is at the present mo- ment characterized by social injustice, by the threat of war, by race prejudice, it is not because of, but in spite of, the Christian message. Christianity is no more responsible for the machina- tions of Hitler than Judaism is responsible for a few exploiters who happen to be Jews."

~"~==–=""""""",~—–"""""""-=—-""""",,,,,-,~

1 Effective Ways of Working i I 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO @tcilll=~- – – = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = – – – '

THE CHANGELESS CHRIST seriously wrong – not with our "practice of the presence of IN A NEW YEAR methods but with our dynamics. God"; the results of that per- We need not only to "Re-think sistent practice will be divine Seeking "Effective Ways of Missions" but to re-think the leadership in forming our plans, Working" in the task of making whole matter of our personal their infilling with the activating Christ known to the world is a Christianity and our public Power, and the outgoing of noble endeavor. The old Mes- church life. Apropos of the pro- Christ-born love of the uttermost sage, to be acceptable, needs to posed changes of the organiza- parts, as the much needed motibe cast in the mold of present- tion in Baptist missionary ma- vation. All this may be done in day thinking, aligned with new chinery, the editor of Missions modernized "ways of working." social trends and thought cur- says: There is no virtue in harking rents, garbed in the best mode of back to old trends and methods. the day and given a flavor assur- All proposals made at Washington Christ was the greatest iconoing its palatability. The com- (where the annual meeting of the de- clast and reformer of history. mendations received by this De- nomination was held last year) con- Instead of merely crying for "an partment editor, from the for- cern mechanics, whereas our primary old-fashioned revival of relieign as well as the home con- need is one of dynamics. Of what use gion," inclusive of missions, why stituency, testify to the keen are blueprint surveys of a machine, not drop the "fashion" as negrelish with which contributions gear shifts or wheel changes, or more ligible and concentrate on the to this department are appro- accurate articulation of cogs, if the Leadership and the Power? priated by missionary workers in power in the machine is lacking? We These are the needed dynamics. all divisions of church life. We have lost a dynamic. There is no Instead of juggling with the are endeavoring to do our mis- longer among us a driving urge to "old" and the "new," let us all sionary tasks in a more attrac- share the Gospel with the world. We earnestly seek an infilling with tive, pedagogical way than ever have lost an impelling conviction so the unchanging Spirit of God for before. finely expressed by the missionary our New Year's endeavor. conference at Jerusalem five years What is the reaction to the ago: Today I am more than ever conpragmatic test, namely, how does vinced that Jesus is indeed the Way, it "work"? While we are hop- . "We cannot live without Christ; the Truth, and the Life. History, ing much from the younger gen- and we cannot bear to think of men which has so often vindicated Hini, is eration now in training, we can- living without Him. Christ is our mo- certainly vindicating Him now. They not at present deny that the tive and Christ is our end. We must that took the sword are perishing with "Great Depression" seems to be give nothing less. We can give noth- the sword. They that sought selfishly at its maximum in the matter of ing more." to save their own lives and investmissions, and that the motiva- ments are losing them. A society ditions by which we have pre- But how can we give the world vided against itself is not standing. viously energized the enterprise something that we ourselves no longer A society which laid up for itself are failing us. Dr. H. Paul have? It is futile to attempt to re- treasures upon the earth_nd none in Douglas, of the University of organize the denomination if its moti- heaven-is going to pieces. And be- Chicago, sent out a questionnaire vating missionary spirit is no stronger hold what is being added unto a so- after reorganization than it was be- ciety that sought first not the King- fore. As Baptists we will make no dom of God but wealth, pleasure and further progress until that missionary power! Jesus is no longer on trial. urge and that impelling conviction are What is on trial is a civilization which recovered. Stanley Jones summarized piously called him "Lord, Lord," but it well: "We cannot go farther until refused to do the things which he we go deeper." commanded.

to 12,000 persons in twenty- What denomination facing its ERNEST FREMONT TITTLE.

eight denominations inquiring facts dares assert that the prob- THE MESSAGE OF THE their attitude toward foreign lem referred to above is limited MONTHS missions. Fifty-one per cent of to anyone? Think ye that these Baptists on whose world-wide The following program was those who replied indicated that endeavors the depression has given at a New Year's meeting they would hesitate or refuse to but may be adapted and used at support even the foreign mis- fallen were sinners above all men any time by having the year be- that sat in the church pews? "I sions of their own denomination. tell you, nay; but except ye re- If we face these facts with the candor which is a prime char- pent, ye shall all likewise perish."

acteristic of modern youth, we The supreme need of this day must admit that something is is for an intensive personal [45 ]

gin with the month of the meet- deemed obsolescent, any line of tion and beginnings of Baptist Chrising. In the introduction one per- endeavor or study which serves tian Centers. 5. Immigration. A woman gowned son represented the Old Year and to anchor faith to Jesus Christ in flowing white robe holds a Bible in a young mother and her baby the is a life-saver until the new day one outstretched hand and an elevated New Year. As they passed from dawns when Christianity shall light in the other, while a group rep- resenting a variety of foreign folk the platform, others dressed in come into its own supreme place kneels before her during the singing appropriate costumes appeared, the world over. The entire Year of "Send Out Thy Light" as a solo. each one bringing a missionary Book of 35 pages gives evidence message. January told of unoc- that its planners have put first 6. Christian Education. Tableau of group of college young people in caps cupied fields in which the denom- things first, but our space limi- and gowns with local college banner ination had no work. Feb- tations will admit of only a few and Christian flag displayed, the pianist playing softly a medley of colruary's theme was love gifts. comments on its mission pro- lege songs. March told of St. Patrick. April gram features. described the rainy season in 7. White Cross. Mission hospital At all of the monthly meetings scene with nurse opening box of sup- India. May suggested scatter- -part of which open in the plies and talking to herself on the ing in the missionary's pathway usefulness of the contents. mornings and part in the afterflowers of appreciation, love, 8. India. The actual mother of a support and prayer (fine for the noons-an industrial session for missionary in India reading aloud a devotional service). June was "Dorcas work" is followed by a letter from her son, this being fol- feature luncheon, supper or din- lowed by a few feet of moving picdressed as a bride and told of the ner as the case may be, then a tures appropriate to the theme. child brides of India. JUly business session, "Songs of The postlude presented two young brought a patriotic Home Mis- Praise," "Prayer Light" (devo- women in white, one seated and the sion message. August told how other kneeling, while they gave as a tionals), and a missionary pro- dialogue "The Other Mary" (by the missionaries spend their va- gram fostered by one of the decations. September described partments of activity. The pro- Esther Wood and Anna Swain), in- school days in America and clusive of "WomanhQod made the light other countries (an opportunity gram year opened in October a rich and glowing thing." After to present missionary educa- with a unique service called "A pledging many to carry the light, the tional work). October gave a Tournament of Lights," the pre- ceding luncheon having been pageant closed with a solo, "0 light, that lightest all my Way"-this being the second stanza of the familiar summary of the work of the mis- termed a "Twilight Supper." hymn, "0 Love That Will Not Let sionaries. November described The service proved to be a pag- Me Go." the landing of the Pilgrims in eant previewing all the forth- This pageant is serving as a America and the first Thanks- coming programs. The chairman "table of contents" for the meetgIvmg. December's theme was of the committee writes: the birth of Christ. ings of the year, the topics to be The leaders for the entire year, each presented month by month in the The above, adapted from "Program costumed in harmQny with her pro- consecutive order of the epi- Pointers," by Elizabeth I. Fensom, has great gram and carrying a lamp, lantern or sodes. Thus, in November, after possibilities for a missionary presentation in torch, formed a procession down the a "Shadow Luncheon" with any department of the Church life, even at a Sunday evening service, sides of the hall and proceeded to the African decorations of crepe platform where they formed a chorus A NEW PROGRAM SERIES singing the theme song. With the paper foliage, jungle scenes, etc., room in darkness except fQr the foot- the "distributors" fostered a pro- The Rainbow Programs, con- lights, it afforded an impressive be- ginning. The following episodes were gram on "Sunbeams in a Dark tributed by the Woman's Society then staged: Continent," Africa being the speof the First Baptist Church of Santa Ana, California (Feb., 1. The Children's World Brigade cial topic for children this year. (the younger children). In an African In December, "the followers of 1933), have spread courage and setting, a group of little "home-made" the gleam" (W. W. G. advisers) cheer among our readers, judg- darkies sat about a camp fire while "NQbody Knows the Trouble I've Seen" sponsored the program on "The ing from the number of inquiries was sung as a solo. Light of the Star" given by the and comments received by your Department editor. A fresh key- 2. The World-Wide Guild (young young women, the luncheon hav- women's organization). A large star ing been termed "Starlight"- note, which seems most timely in in the center of the stage shed its carried out in the Guild colors this bewildered period of mis- radiance. A blue candle in graceful sionary thinking, is sounded in holder was lighted. Guild girls off and soft shaded lights suggestive the new program booklet of the stage sang their theme song, "Follow of the Star. For the "Sunshine the Gleam." Breakfast," in January, the comsame organization – "Light on 3. Civics department. Two leaders mittee suggests breakfast dishes Life's Highway"; "The spirit of seated at library table containing a to justify the title-eggs, sauman is the candle of the Lord"- globe of the world; the click of a the year's motto being, "Jesus, mailbox and receipt of a letter from sage, etc. The program, by the the Light of the world" and the the Book Reviewer accepting her place Civics Committee, will be on on the program, and then a brief dia- "Dawning Light for Industry"- theme song, "The Light of the logue regarding the study book, a book review with two "tenders World Is Jesus." With "founda- "Christianity and Industry." 4. Christian Centers (for Amer- of the light" in charge of the tions afloat," religious thinking icanization work). Costumed leaders, confused and the missionary one Japanese and the other Mexican, meeting. February, with its enterprise either under fire or give a sketchy talk on number, loca- "Beacon Lights" in charge of the "keepers of the light," will bring

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

a meal, "Una Comida de Esti- senting workable p I a n s for institutes, church family discusmo," prepared and served by teaching Christian world friend- sions and conversations, cooper- Mexican women, the church folk ship in concentrated form or by ative community service, etc.

paying by the plate. This was a the once-a-month method. Great "Working for Causes that great source of delight last year. variety is suggested all the way Count" covers the answer to the The immigration topic in March from the best use of a guest practical query, "What have you will be "Lanterns in Their speaker; a spicy question box in done about it?"-translating the Hands," directed by two "lan- which pertinent questions such foregoing ideas into action.

tern lighters," the "Feast of as "Why are some missionary Among these suggestions are Lanterns" preceding featuring meetings "so dull, while others thoroughly practical plans for lanterns as table decorations and are among the most interesting promoting better race relations, some foreign dish as a piece de of our meetings – culling from dealing with the major problems resistance. Christian Education your own personal experience?" before our country and the world has its "Candle Light Dinner" World-fellowship soc i a I eve- today and mapping out young and its "torch-bearer leaders": nings; missionary dramatiza- people's especial part in meeting White Cross its "Spotlight Lun- tion, etc., to projects in which the important issues of the day cheon," its theme of "Service the members divide into groups, both at home and abroad.

Lights" under the direction of each group presenting in an One of the most important three "senders of the light": the original way one of the projects. chapters in the book is on "Our India meeting a "Lamplight "The Sunday Morning Ses- Church Projects-and Money." Luncheon"-old-fashioned lamps sion" is the next topic. The in use, its topic, "Our Lamp- tried-and-proved-good plans of a This deals with unobjectionable, lighters in Assam," and its "re- live World Friendship class in spiritualized methods of moneyflectors" as leaders. July will Oak Park; the Chinese festival; raising. Chapter VI brings the have a "Firefly Luncheon" (but- the World Service Plan; the spe- whole discussion to a focus in terflies, crepe paper fireflies and cial use of discussions; the di- "Why Do We Do These Things ?" dainty light effects), its topic rections for study courses and of "Flashlights," and the society the all-school projects are prom- This last topic reaches to the officers as conductors. inent topics. Here is a sample of roots of missionary motivation, the last item in the way of an demonstrating that "our major NEW WAYS FOR NEW India World Friendship project: DAYS modern motives can arouse as Our church school actually became much enthusiasm and consecra- It is a truism universally ac- alive. Classes voluntarily came to- tion as the old motive of 'saving cepted that" the hope for the fu- gether during the week to work on the heathen from hell.' " the project. Many were not ready to The concluding appendix gives ture of missions is with the leave when closing time came on Sunyoung people." But its recogni- day morning. I heartily believe that a down to date list of books, many of our boys and girls will have plays, courses of study, pictures, tion falls short of its activation, a friendly attitude toward the people maps, treatises on methods of missionary education for young people, etc. This little pamphlet for which a program of develop- of India as long as they live. During can hardly fail to awaken ":real those six weeks each department made ment acceptable to these young concern for others, respect for its own distinctive approach and personality, the desire for the people is necessary. John Leslie fullest possible life for all peo- Lobingier has recently made a everyoody worked hard. Some of the young people's groups made a study worthy contribution to the enter- of handicaps to progress in India and ple, and a world in which justice in the United States. Some considered prise in his little pamphlet, What the religions of India and worked on and good will hold sway."* Shall We Do About Missions? notebooks in the form of letters about THE SPIRIT QUICKENTH Plans and Methods for Young Christianity. Some of the older young People. This pUblication is people considered the position of wom- After all, it is the spirit in meant for use in a six-session en in modern India and also India's which religious work is done course for young people in sum- history, poetry, literature and philos- which really is important. Only mer conferences, local churches ophy. When the closing day of the men and women in personal reor training institutes, or as an year came, Children's Day, most of lationship with the Holy Spirit informational hand book for pas- the members of the school felt that to receive His teaching, feel His tors, Sunday school superintend- an unusual extent they had realized power and become His effective ents, or merely as a basis for their aim – an understanding of this agents. Without these they are group discussion among the great land and its people. but sounding brass and tinkling young people themselves. While cymbals-sound but no reality, some of its points are familiar, Deeming it necessary that noise but no power. Neither its well arranged subject matter part of our young people's activ- plans, however clever, nor orcannot fail to improve young ity should be in participation ganizations, however efficient, people's missionary education with the rest of the church mem- can accomplish spiritual results activities and vitalize their bership, the next chapter is giv- unless they are spiritually conworld-friendship program. en to "Members of Our Church ceived, inspired and supported. Family," including detailed de- The first discussion is on "Our scriptions of an all-church proj- * Published by The Pilgrim Press, Boston Sunday Evening Meeting," pre- ect, dinners conducted by the young people, world friendship and Chicago. Price, 25 cents.

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BULLETIN OF I The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~I~~~~======================I~'

Grant me Thyself, 0 Saviour kind, ever shall receive me receiveth friendly world in which the in- Thy Spirit undefiled; Him that sent me: for he that is terests of all nations are closely least among you all, the same is intertwined. By these cards the That I may be in heart and mind great. Committee on World Friendship As gentle as a child; among the Children, 287 Fourth *** Avenue, New York, N. Y., in- That I may tread life's arduous ways vites American boys and girls to As Thou Thyself has trod, The Annual Meeting of the join in a great world fellowship of friendly boys and girls. Ar- And in the might of prayer and praise Home Missions Council and the rangements have been made with Keep ever close to God. the Departments of Education of Council of Women for Home certain selected countries to re- -Source Unknown. Missions will be held January ceive these cards. Other projects 8-11, 1934, in the Fifth Ave- promoted by the Committee in- In the beginning God . …. . nue Presbyterian Church, New clude World Goodwill Messages, In the beginning was the York City, with preliminary the idea of which originated in Word ….. . Wales and now are exchanged by meetings January 7-8. Two full children of many countries on The young p r inc e Isaiah days will be given to the consid- World Goodwill Day, May 18, prophesied, eration of the report of the Com- 1934.

The people that walked in mittee on Comity and Five-Year WORLD DAY OF PRAYERdarkness have seen a great Program of Survey and Adjustlight: they that dwelt in the ment. The report of the Special FEBRUARY 16,1934 land of the shadow of death, upon them hath the light shined. Committee of Review and Fore- Two of the leading newspapers of Helena, Montana, in 1933 car- For unto us a child is born cast will also be presented and ried good editorials concerning unto us a son is given; and the discussed. This Committee con- the annual observance of the government shall be upon his sists of eighteen outstanding World Day of Prayer on the first shoulder; and his name shall be clergy, laymen and laywomen, Friday in Lent of each year-a call e d Wonderful Counsellor, day of meditation and prayer Mighty God, Everlasting Father, and has been at work during the promoted jointly by the Council Prince of Peace. Of the in- last six months. The book, of Women for Home Missions, crease of his government and of "Home Missions Today and To- the Federation of Woman's peace there shalt be no end . …. morrow," containing the reports, Boards of Foreign Missions, and and upon his Kingdom, to estab- will be available in January. the National Council of Federlish it, and to uphold it with jus- The book, "Religion in the High- ated Church Women. One editice and with righteousness from lands," which concerns a study tor wrote: henceforth even forever. The physician Luke wrote that Jesus made by Elizabeth R. Hooker of Whatever else we may think of the when there arose questioning "Native Churches and Mission- idea of prayer, even the man on the among his disciples as to which ary Enterprises in the Southern street must recognize that the source of them was greatest, took a of endurance of many stalwart souls, little child and set him by his Appalachian Area," may be or- courageous in times of greatest trouble side and said, Whosoever shall dered now. The theme of the and stress for themselves and others receive this little child in my Annual Meetings has not been is the same as with the Psalmist of name receiveth me: and whoso- old who sang of the help which came determined but it will be one ex- from "the Lord who made heaven and pressing religious vitality and earth."

plans for advance in the building And the other wrote: of the Kingdom of God in America. Prayer has been the comfort of our mothers and fathers from the time A WORLD OF FRIENDLY civilization awoke. In times of stress BOYS AND GIRLS they rested their faith in the power of prayer and were made at peace. In "If I had wings I would fly to these modern times, we have strayed visit you. Instead I send you this Friendship Picture Card.

Your new friend ."

This message in French, Span- ish, and English, is found on five beautiful, color e d friendship post-cards prepared to portray a [48 ]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

far from the wholesome institutions Migrant Families. This year saw, wipes away his tears when and beliefs of the founders of this only about 4,000 of 200,000 chil- he tumbles and bumps his head, nation. dren of the families who move helps him eat his vegetable soup in search of work are cared for. without spilling, and lies down As a united interdenomina- beside him and puts his arm tional Day for both home and (4) Religious Education Di- around him as they go to sleep foreign missions, the first ob- rectors in Government Indian in rest hour. servance was in 1920, but the be- Boarding and Day Schools; they ginnings were really long before need Christian neighbors and MIGRANT MOVIES then. The observance became friends especially during the world-wide in 1927. In the days of national crisis. The above is just one snapshot United States, the Day observed of activities at a migrant center. at first only by women, now is Offerings should be sent to the Council of Because so many friends of the kept by an increasing number of Women for Home Missions, 105 East 22d migrant children have been young people's groups and chil- Street, New York City, or to the Federation wanting to see where the midren, for whom special programs of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions, 419 grants work, how they live, how are wepared. The theme for Fourth Avenue, New York City, If sent the Council nurse is their conmeditation and prayer on Feb- undesignated to either headquarters, the con- stant friend and counselor, and ruary 16, 1934, the first Friday tribution will be divided equally among what happens at a migrant in Lent, is Pray for the Peace of these four missionary enterprises. center, moving pictures of the Jerusalem; and the Call has migrant laboring families and gone out to all the world. In the FRANKIE, A LITTLE the nationwide interdenomina- U. S. A. alone 450,000 Calls to FATHER tional program of the Council of Prayer have been distributed. Women for Home Missions Committees to prepare for the Clean-up time at the children's among them, are being prepared observance on March 8, 1935, center in the migrant camp "in and will be ready for use by Janwill be named in many places on cranberries," New Jersey, is at uary 15, 1934. February 16, 1934. hand. With the utmost care Frankie is washing his small NOMAD NEIGHBORS Free-will offerings are re- brother's face so as not to hurt ceived on the World Day of because the impetigo sores are so A new play in three acts has Prayer. In Portuguese West sensitive. Almost from the time been prepared by Miss Adela J. Africa, "the women came with these children are old enough to Ballard, depicting the problems baskets of corn, beans, cornmeal, play, they become "little fathers" of the migrant families and how eggs, chickens, and only a few or "little mothers" to the next the work of the many denominabrought money. When the of- younger child in the family. tions through the Council of ferings were counted and meas- Frankie watches over Jimmie Women for Home Missions is ured and sold, the gifts amounted constantly, sees that he has his helping them meet these probto ten dollars. Now I know, share of toys when they are dis- lems. Acquaintance with Mrs. (wrote the missionary), that ten tributed for playtime, watches Shott and her family brings a dollars from a group of two hun- that he has his turn on the see- realization of what the migrant dred and sixty women does not mother and each member of her seem much to you at home, but family face. Groups wanting to when you consider that the bring this situation of the chilweekly offering of about 500 peo- dren of migrant laborers to the ple scarcely averages one dollar attention of the public, and to you can see how well they did help in the work for the migrant do." By agreement of the families, are planning to present three national cooperating or- this playas a benefit, the proganizations (named above), the ceeds to be used in the Migrant interdenominational enterprises Work of the Council of Women chosen for the offerings given in for Home Missions. the U. S. A. on the World Day of Prayer are: Characters: In addition to a group of children, there are eighteen char- (1) Christian Literature for acters, though, with adaptation, it Women and Children in Mission would be possible to use a smaller cast. Lands; a book or magazine can carry the Christian message Time: 45 minutes. where a missionary cannot go. Price: 15 cents. There is no royalty charge. (2) Women's Union Christian Ready: January 15, 1934. Colleges in Foreign Fields; these colleges are graduating more "Am I a thief.?" than 200 young women each It is said that Mahatma Gandyear, and the influence they exert hi's definition of a thief is one is felt throughout the Orient. who has more than he needs when he knows of anyone who (3) Christian Service Among has less than he needs. Our W orld,wide Outlook ~ ~~~=== A M=iss=ion= ary~Ne~ wsp~ ape~ r o= f Cu=rre=nt E=ve= nts =~~~I~ GENERAL year $15,000,000 was the output ing that life unreservedly to the serv- from the cocoa bean industry in ice of foreign missions, and how great Missionaries-a World Asset Nigeria. a blessing has flowed into all Chris- tian churches through the interna- "Wherever the missionary H. B. Hunnicutt, of the South- tional character of that Church. works it is discovered that com- ern Presbyterian Church, pracmunities which had been a world tically revolutionized agricul- Baptis,ts to Meet in Germ• any liability have become a world tural methods in Brazil, and asset."-This is the observation Sam Higginbottom has done the The Executive Committee of of a business man. same for part of India. the Baptist World Alliance, has accepted the invitation of the In China the largest printing -Presbyterian Advance. Baptist Union of Germany to press in Asia grew out of the hold the Fifth Baptist World Presbyterian Mission Press at The World's Debt to Luther Congress in Berlin, Germany, Shanghai. Nanking University, from August 4 to 10, 1934. a union Christian institution, Upon the 450th anniversary There were present at the meetconducts laboratories for experi- of Martin Luther's birth one is ing representatives from Engmentation in improved cotton reminded of the contributions land, Germany, Canada, India, and sericulture w h i c h have which he made to the world, and from Northern, Southern, greatly increased the quality, either directly or by giving im- German, and Negro Baptists in output and demand for the prod- pulses which later developed into the United States. ucts. Animal husbandry experi- blessings. ment stations at Lingnan Chris- Startling Figures-Why? tian College have been the means 1. The open Bible. of making animal-breeding a 2. Supremacy of the Word. The six great powers, excludpaying industry. At Chuchow 3. Justification by faith. ing G e r man y, are spending municipal reports give mission- 4. A live religion. sixty-five per cent more on their aries credit for getting the first 5. Right of individual conscience. armies, navies and air forces, macadamized streets, building 6. Freedom of thought, speech and than they did in the year before public lavatories, cleaning up press. the World War. The United streets, planting trees, raising 7. Religious emancipation. States leads them all in the inflowers, and building railroads. 8. Civil liberty. crease of her expenditures, hav- An immense fruit shipping busi- 9. Direct approach to God-Priest- ing enlarged by 197 per cent ness has grown up on the coast hood of Believers. what she spends for military since Dr. Nevius, a Presbyterian 10. Popular education. purposes. Her total military and missionary, introduced Ameri- 11. Recognition of public opinion. naval expenditures for army, can varieties of fruit and im- 12. Nobility of life and labor. n a v y and aircraft advanced proved the native varieties. 13. The Evangelical Parsonage. from $244,600,000 in 1913 to 14. Worship in native tongue. $727,700,000 in 1930. Common American fruits, now 15. Congregational singing. profitable products of Japan, 16. A treasury of hymns. The United States apportioned were introduced by a Methodist 17. A great confession. 65.2 per cent of her 1932 budget missionary. Sugar-cane grow- for military purposes and for ing as an occupation for the na- A Great Missionary Church the costs of past wars (includtives of Natal, South Africa, ing the National Debt, which was introduced by Dr. James The Moravian C h u r c h has represents sums borrowed in Dexter Taylor, of the American probably been the greatest mis- war periods). This expenditure Board. This now provides eco- sionary force for its size since was divided as follows: nomic independence for hun- apostolic days. Says a writer in dreds of natives. National Defense …… $ 699,081,812 the InternatiorwJ Review 0/ Mis- War Pensions …….. 1,060,853,180 The native agricultural show Service on National Debt 1,010,682,563 at Old Umtali, South Africa, has sions of Moravian missions: grown out of the industrial mis- This makes a total expendisionary school of the Methodist The years are marked by unheard- ture caused by war and military Episcopal Board, where boys are of energy, untiring faithfulness and purposes of $2,770,617,555, or given practical demonstrations never-failing patience, always exer- more than the ordinary receipts in gardening and the keeping of cised among the poorest, most insig- or income of the United States, goats, sheep and fowls. Last nificant, broken and scattered peoples, which total only $2',121,228,006. races faced with extinction, and one does not know which deserves the greater admiration and thanksgiving: the burning, heroic love of the early days or the quiet, self-denying service carried on through the centuries…. The history of the mission shows how a tiny Church has preserved her life through two hundred years by devot- [50 J

HJ34j OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

In other words, the above means similar organizations have been which numbers not less than that for these war purposes awakening to the necessity of 400,000. This army of criminals every citizen of the United doing something more than con- is three times the size of the States over twenty-one years of ductmg prayer meetings, im- standing army of the United age must pay annually $46 plus portant as that activity is, and States. It costs the American before any of his tax is taken to some aspects of Christian dis- people not less than $13,000,- for the odinary purposes of gov- cipleship which go beyond the 000,000 annually. "Every year," ernment. Most citizens pay this obhgation to "take some part in says the Secretary, "12,000 pertax indirectly in the higher costs every meeting aside from sing- sons are murdered in the United of food and clothing. ing." They have become aware States; 3,000 are kidnapped; -Christian Advocate. of the problems of an imperfect- 100,000 are assaulted; and 50,- ly christianized society, and of 000 are robbed." The conquer- the responsibility of Christian The Bible in Many Tongues young people both to give a bet- ing of this army is everybody's ter ordering to their own social war. -Watchman-Examiner. The Bible or some part of it relationships and to bring their has appeared in 936 languages Cornell School for Missionaries and dialects. This figure, in influence to bear for the better which no duplication of lan- ordering of the whole social fab- The Fifth Annual Cornell guages or dialects occurs, repre- School for Missionaries will be sents the pUblications of the ric. held at the New York State Colthree major Bible Societies of As illustrative of this develop- lege of Agriculture at Cornell the world: American Bible So- University, January 23 to Febciety, British and Foreign Bible ment, the International Society ruary 17, 1934. Each mission- Society, National Bible Society of Christian Endeavor has given ary student in this school will of Scotland, and other mission- its sanction to a youth-training be given personal help in dealary organizations. The latest program which is "deSIgned to ing with the problems in which are the Gospel of Mark in Mun- inform and equip young people he or she is most deeply interdang, an African dialect, and ested. Several courses in fundathe Gospel of Matthew in Keres for more effective service in the mental subjects, the Sociology society, the church and the com- munity."

for a tribe of Indians in New Prohibition and Government of Rural Life, Agiculture, Rural Mexico. Control Education, and Nutrition and Health will be given in the fore- NORTH AMERICA Here is what happened after noons, leaving the afternoons Emphasis on the Spiritual the United States voted in the for specialized study, round-ta- bles and trips. Regular course Eighteenth Amendment: work is followed for the first The "Youth Spiritual Empha- (Statistical Abstracts U. S., 1923- three weeks. The fourth week sis Committee" of the Presby- 1931) Decreased is devoted to Farm and Home terian Church, U. S. A., has the Deaths from alcoholism …… 42% Week lectures. following objectives: Alcoholic insanity ……….. 66% General crime from drink … There is no tuition charge. 1. That young people who have Drunkenness ……………. 540/0 The only expense will be the cost of living. Announcements giving never surrendered to Christ yield *Auto wrecks (deaths) …… 70% themselves to Him. 50 % detailed information will be sent tDrinking ……………… 77% upon r e que s t to Professor 2. That young people, who have Charles A. Taylor, Cornell Unipreviously surrendered to Christ, ex- Here is what happened in Can- versity, Ithaca, N. Y., or to the amine their lives and rededicate ada under legalized liquor: themselves to Him.

3. That the personal religious ex- perience of Christian youth be vital- (Dominion of Bureau Statistics, Executive Secretary, Agriculized and deepened. tural Missions Foundation, 419 1928-1929) Fourth Avenue, New York, N. 4. That Christian youth aggressive- Increased Y. Missionaries who expect to ly challenge others to surrender their attend are asked to notify Prolives to Christ. Deaths from alcoholism 100% fessor Taylor as early as pos- sible. ·5. That Christian youth examine General crime …………. . 89% present social ills and seek to apply All People's Church the principles of Christianity to their Drunkenness …………… . 55% solution. For the past ten years All Dru.nken drivers ……….. . 830% People's United Church in Sault 6. That Christian youth share in Ste. Marie, has served a combuilding up a wise and enduring Immoral crimes (Ontario) .. . 76% loyalty to the Church in its local program, and to the great causes to *Auto wrecks (deaths) ….. . 42% which the Church is committed at home and abroad. * P.er 100.000 cars. t As admitted by the liquor forces' own figures.) -American Issue.

-The Presbyterian. "The Scarlet Army" munity of some 8,000 people of eleven different nationalities and The Secretary of War in an of different denominations. It The New Christian Endeavor address under the auspices of was formed in 1920 by the union One of the "intelligentsia's" the American Flag Association of the Methodist All People's mistaken ideas is that Christian speaks of the "Scarlet Army of Mission and the Presbyterian Endeavor is dead. This, and Crime" in the United States Italian Mission. In 1922 there

was added a chapel, gymnasium, will be paid from the proceeds and influences of Christian boys' and girls' club rooms, pri- of properties which we have sold young men and women now livmary rooms, library, kitchen and in France. ing in Utah whose parents were office, giving the Sault one of the Mormons. Boys and girls, Morbest equipped church buildings Protestant Italians mon and non-Mormon, attendin Canada. In 1912 the Sault ing our academies and Westminhad the largest proportion of In the United States there are ster College, return to their non-Anglo-Saxons per popula- approximately 300 Protestant home towns changed in charaction of any city in Canada; churches and missions among ter and deportment. there are English, Ukrainian, Italians. This phase of Protes- Finnish, Polish, Croatian, Rus- tant church work was begun Oklahoma Indians sian, Syrian, French, Italian, about fifty years ago. The Prot- Austrian; and Lutheran, Greek estant constituency is estimated Twelve churches of seven In- Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and at 25,000. dian tribes and one Mennonite many other Protestant denomi- church form the Western Oklanations are found. Each group Though the Italian people as homa Indian Association. To works separately, yet together, a whole are nominally Roman these thirteen churches has now in unity of aim and purpose. Catholics, by far the larger part been added the church at Bacone of the 5,000,000 Italians in the College. The churches of this -United Church Record. United States are not devoted association, with help from Ba- Catholics. D uri n g the past cone, have given $425 toward Facing a Deficit thirty years no less than 60,000 the salary of Rev. Hugo Bon- Italians have become members naha, who is working among his Rt. Rev. James De Wolf Perry of Italian Protestant churches, own tribe (the Yavaipai) as estimates that the missionary and other hundreds have en- missionary of the Arizona State appropriations of the Episcopal tered the fellowship of English- Convention. For three years Church for 1933 will show a speaking churches. they have helped support this falling off of a million and a half effort. The churches reported dollars from the annual budget Hundreds of Italian converts seventy-six baptisms during the of four and a quarter millions have attained a new spiritual past year. set by the Denver triennial con- and intellectual life. In the early vention. To maintain mission days of the Italian work the – Watchman-Examiner. work on the same basis as this membership of the I t a I ian year, $400,000 more will be churches was made up of un- LATIN AMERICA needed in 1934. There has been skilled laborers. Many of them a natural increase in personnel could not read or write. Today Seed Sowing in Mexico and in the families in the fields, there are in the Italian fellowand every available dollar of the ship, doctors, lawyers, teachers, Elgon Harris· went to Mexico reserve funds has been used up engineers, social workers, col- from England many years ago in meeting the deficit of 1931-2. lege professors, ref 0 r mer s, as an engineer in the construc- statesmen, Young Men's Chris- tion of railways. He became in- "From 1925 to the present tian Association workers and terested in Christian w 0 r k moment the National Council, ministers. among the Mexican people and said the Presiding Bishop, "has established a press in Orizaba closed its books every year with- -Watchman-Examiner. for the publication of evangeliout a deficit." cal literature. By 1928, when the Is Utah Being Chris.tianized three hundredth number of El -The Living Church. Sembrador ("The Sower") ap- Hans P. Freece says, in the peared, he had issued a total of Methodist Finances Presbyterian Banner, that the ninety million pages of evangel- younger generation of Mormons ical literature. In this way the The Board reduced its dis- are saying less and less about Gospel found its way over contibursements over $200,000 dur- Joseph S mit h and Brigham nents and oceans into homes, ing the year, by making drastic Young, and more about Jesus prisons, hospitals and schools, cuts in salaries of our mission- Christ; that they are reading resulting in the conversion of aries, officers of the Board and less from the Book of Mormon hundreds. In the Orizaba dismembers of our office staff. and more from the Bible, and trict alone there are now seven Everyone who is on the payroll that Mormon people are turning companies of Christians, the of the Board was obliged to take more and more to the Christians fruit of his work; in various one month's vacation without of Utah for companionship 'and points of the states of Vera Cruz salary. In addition to this we association. One of the Chris- and Puebla, some thirty more also withheld appropriations for tian workers remarked: "I be- which have sprung up in the the work budget on the field for lieve that the Mormons will wake of his personal evangelone month. We used the pro- eventually turn from the absurd- ism. Mr. Harris received no salceeds from the sale of proper- ities of the origin of Mormon- ary and never asked help for his ties, amounting to $49,000, to ism, and finally embrace Chris- publication work save from God reduce the disbursements. tianity in all its fulness." alone.-S. S. Times.

At the close of the year we Mr. F r e e c e believes this had a deficit of $102,000 which change is largely due to the lives

1~)34J OUR WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK

First Union Work and the meetings were well at- ica Missionary Union, plans to tended. Then a difficulty arose. have a night Bible school for In Santo Domingo, Metho- The hall was too small, too poor, young believers in Iquitos, to dists, Presbyterians and United too out-of-the-way. The better function abo u t four nights Brethren set up the first effec- class of people, who had attend- weekly, with two classes each tive union work on a mission ed at first because of the novel- night. The purpose is to give field. The spirit of Christian ty, ceased to come. It seemed systematic training to those who unity which prompted this un- obvious that a better building in four or five years will become dertaking was seen in the sec- should be erected and friends in leaders of the Church. These ond Institute of Religious Edu- the United States would doubt- Indians make constant visits to cation held in· San Pedro de less have supplied the funds, but the mission station. They come Macoris, Dominician Republic, it was decided to teach a lesson for various purposes-for Scriplast August. The slogan "to in independence. A testing time tures; for medical aid; for old study, to learn and to rejoice" followed; some who had pro- clothes; to tell of some sick bewas realized in the experience fessed conversion proved faith- liever, or a death; to bring of the forty-three registered del- less, and the work which had someone to accept the Lord; to egates rep res e n tin g every started so auspiciously dwindled sell lace; to make a social visit, church working under the Board to an insignificant wit n e s s and still others come for purfor Christian Work in Santo Do- among the poorest people of the poses never articulated. They mingo, and including four del- town; but at last faithful con- have something on their minds, egates of the Free Methodist verts are working hard to real- but apparently are very reticent Church working in the north of ize their ambition. One has in disclosing it. the Island. given a present of 10,000 bricks and a promise of more when -Inland South America. -Presbyterian Advance. work begins. Others have given lesser quantities, and all the ma- EUROPE Evangelical Progress teriaJ seems assured. Mr. Dun- can says: "A new quality has World Alliance Remonstrates Political and military disturb- come into the lives of the people ances in South America have not and things are different. The Representing the 37 national prevented missionary e f for t demands we make on our Chris- councils of the World Alliance from making progress. Chris- tians are higher than ever be- for International Friendship tian Indians in Peru are being fore, and, strange to say, the throughout the civilized world, added to the i n dig e n 0 u s response is greater. There is a the international executive comchurches there. At J oazeiro, steady stream of conversions, mittee of the Alliance has sent Brazil, crowds are hearing the and all kinds of people are be- to the Protestant General Synod Gospel and baptisms are numer- ing saved."-South America. and other synods representing ous. Brazilian settlers in Ba- the churches of Germany a fornanal are proving responsive. In Peru mal protest against Germany's The Paraguay-Bolivia dispute ban against ministers and other interferes with meetings, but a A missionary, who has spent church officers of non-Aryan group of Christians at Yhaca, much of his life in a region of birth. Paraguay, are forming an in- Peru called Gran Pajonal, dedigenous church. The Irish Bap- scribes the Indians as follows: The resolution is in part as tist Foreign Mission Sodety is follows: planning to occupy unreached They live in temporary huts sprinareas in Argentina. Quillabam- kled here and there in the jungle, As members of many churches repba was recently visited and Gos- given over completely to laziness and resenting different cultures and c?mpel services were crowded w,ith vice. They are constantly drunk, ing from many lands, but all umted Spanish and Quechua-speakmg lying by their campfires with~)Ut in a common allegiance to our Lord people.-World Evangelization. worrying in the least about coverIng Jesus Christ, we confess with shame themselves. Their women and chil- our many sins of transgressions Indigenous Methods dren wear the inner bark called lZan- against our brothers of other races chania, wrapped about them. Those and color. In a feeling of brother- The story of the development that inhabit the margins of the rivers hood and responsibility with all the of the work in Joazeiro, Brazil, eat fish, yuca, wild fruits or ~ame. churches of the world, the Alliance, proves the practical outcome Those in the inland parts, and m the while recognizing the right of every from adoption of indigenous Gran Pajonal, live on toads, ~izards, country to safeguard the integrity of ideals and meth.ods. snails, fungi, frog eggs and msects. its own national life, is nevertheless Their character is destructive. They deeply concerned by the trell;tment. i~­ It was in May 1931, that Mr. cannot see any important object, nat- flicted upon persons of JeWIsh orIgm Dun can, of the Evangelical ural or artificial, that they do not and connection in Germany. Union, first entered J oazeiro, destroy. They search out birds' nests, bringing a message entirely new, eating even the smallest eggs, and We especially protest against th?se and there was a ready response roast alive the little fledglings laugh- measures taken by the state WhICh to his efforts. Soon he had to ing like demons at the suffe!ings of bear so heavily upon large numbers look about for a preaching place, the victims, which after roastmg they of the German citizens, and put the rented the best hall available, devour. Jews into an inferior class of society.

Rev. Edwin Laurialt, field sec- Against these actions and measures retary for Inland South Amer- we earnestly protest, believing them to be, in their conception of race and race relations, contrary to the ex- plicit spirit and teaching of the Gos- pel of Jesus Christ.

-Presbyterian Advance.

The New Germany .and The National Church is impelled separation of the Jewish Chris- Foreign Missions to this recognition largely be- tian communities from the Ger- cause the missionary leaders Dr. Siegfried Knak, the Di- have emphasized the fact that man communities is urged. "Pastor Loerzen, leader of the rector of the Berlin Mission and the national character of nonmember of the German Protes- Christian peoples should not be German Christian Movement, tant Foreign Missions and of obliterated. stated that the Jewish Christian the International Missionary faith would be fully respected, Council gives an illuminating The responsibility for mis- but that Jewry must adopt the sionary work remains in the new German spirit which restatement of the present state hands of the societies, but the quires the strictest separation of of the foreign mission cause in heads of the Church will require the different Christian churches Germany. He says that projects fro m clergy and parishes a along racial lines. This separahave been put forward for the tion would lead to reconciliation regulating of the relationship greater interest in foreign mis- between all the churches and sions, without exercising com- create a feeling of brotherhood, between foreign missions and pulsion in the matter of giving. he declared. the German Church. Sugges- Certain difficulties arise because "The lot of these German Hetions, which would involve a a large part of the constituency brew Christians is tragic. The complete alteration in the life Nazis regard them and perseof German Protestant Missions, of some societies, such as the cute them as Jews. WorId Jewry have been put forth by private ostracizes them and refuses to Basel Mission, is outside the bor- include them in its relief activipersons but the leaders of the ders of the Reich. Not all Ger- ties as it regards Hebrew Chris- Church have not yet accepted or tians as traitors to the cause of pronounced upon them. man missions have been mem- Jewry. bers of the Missions Federation Two representatives of the or the Missions Committee but "It is estimated that there are hereafter the Federation is to approximately 2,000,000 Ger- Committee of Protestant Ger- be succeeded by the German mans who, though non-Jews, are man Foreign Missions have, in Protestant Missions Assembly treated as Jews by Hitler becooperation with two represen- cause one or more of their an- (Deutscher Evangelischer Mis- cestors were Jewish. These have tatives of the national leaders sionstag) in which all independ- organized into a National Assoof the "German Christians," e n t missionary organizations ciation of 'Non – Aryan Chrisdrawn up a proposal for the re- tians.' " will be represented. This has organization of the missions for already led to the merging of a Scandinavia's Blind and Deaf the future, a proposal duly con- number of smaller societies, The Salvation Army has a sidered at a meeting of the Fed- either with larger ones or with work for the deaf and blind of eration of the German Protes- others of a kindred spirit, thus Scandinavia. It is difficult to tant Missions at Barmen last resulting in a greater unity. The gather the deaf and dumb at October, when another set of meetings, because they often live proposals was adopted. deliberations this far have been at distances widely separated, characterized by a brotherly says one of the adjutants in Ej- The first result is that the spirit but it is impossible to missionary societies p I a n, as prophesy as to the final outcome heretofore, to conduct the i r until that part of the Church work on their own responsibility constitution, which deals with and to defray the costs by free- foreign missions has been finally will offerings. Second, the heads drawn up and confirmed. of the Church are to be repre- sented on the committees of the To Convert German Jews jata, the Army's organ in that societies and at elections within country: "We must hunt them the societies these leaders should The Jewish Daily Bulletin out, one by one, in their homes. be consulted, but the elections gives the following information When I have a long way to cycle will be entirely controlled by the regarding Jewish Christians in or walk to get to a single deaf societies themselves. Germany: and dumb person, remembrance As to the independence of the "Despite the fact that Jews of our Lord spurs me on. He missions, Dr. Knak reports a de- who have embraced Christianity went long ways to reach a single cided movement toward greater do not enj oy any more rights soul, and his example has taught unity, and a strong desire of the than unconverted Jews, mission- me the value of souls." Adjutant Church to share the responsi- ary activity among the German Lonnfors and her assistant Capbility of all the German Protes- Jews will continue. The Ger- tain Krushe make similarly long tant Missions. This is all the man Christians are the Nazi journeys in Denmark to meet more noteworthy, sin c e the group within the G e r man the isolated blind and dumb. The movement for missions in Ger- churches that has just gained Tysta Skolan ("school for the many from the outset has taken control and 'coordinated' the still") teaches weaving and em- the form of independent soci- church with Hitlerism. The aim broidery, and the skill of the eties and has grown to such a of German Christians in their blind girls in preparing food is commanding position that the policy towards the Jews was to remarkable. Their acute sense Church as a whole now desires establish a religious ghetto for of smell guides them. One of to have a part in this enterprise. Jew ish Christians. Complete these afflicted ones, a blind man,

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

says pathetically, "When we are The Only Evangelical Mission Selassie I, and the kindness of the tempted to say Ack, Swedish for in Albania American Mission to Lepers, a hos- 'alas,' we must put a T before pital has been built for you. It is it and say Tack, Swedish for The Apostle Peter was called near to the Jimma Road, up above 'thanks.' "-S. S. Times. to take the message of Christ to Dr. Martin's Mill. a Roman centurion. Albania to- Paganism in Rumania day is like Cornelius, seeking There is a doctor there, called Dr. light but without knowledge of Hooper and some nurses, also. Huts Rumania is reported to be the way of Life. Marked po- have been built for lepers to occupy, suffering from a wave of semi- litical changes are taking place in order to be near to the doctor. paganism, even devil worship. and the nation is seeking to Whole districts have been given unify her 615,000 Moham- Men and women both shall be reover to strange vagaries of reli- medans, her 200,000 Greek Or- ceived into the Hospital for treatgion. In one village near the thodox and her 100,000 Roman ment. If you are rich, then you must Jugoslav border there are num- Catholics. Others are inquiring pay, but if you are poor and can bers of women prophets. A min- the Way of Salvation. The lone bring a guarantor who will prove you ing engineer tells of "chanting" evangelical mission is trying to are poor,. then you can be treated witches-women who fall in fits point the Way and is dependent without pay in the hospital. in the streets, intoning weird upon voluntary offerings to make prophecies which the peasants it possible to maintain the work. A report has been spread about write down. Hundreds of peas- The Rev. Phineas B. Kennedy, that lepers are going to be kept prisants repair to South Serbia, who has given forty years to Al- oners in this Hospital, but this is not where a fourteen-year-old girl bania, is now in America speak- true. Patients who wish to stay in claims to be inspired and gives ing on the work but expects to the hospital for treatment, may, but advice regarding harvests, busi- return to the field October 1I. those who want to come each day for ness and love affairs. In the meantime he may be ad- treatment at the clinic are just as dressed at 178 Kensington Ave., welcome. -Evangelical Messenger. Plainfield, New Jersey. The American European Fellowship, Everyone cannot be cured, but per- The Novi Sad Council 1213 North Franklin St., Phila- haps six or eight out of ten can be delphia, Pa., is sponsoring the cured. The Universal Christian Coun- mission and will receive and forcil for Life and Work met at ward gifts or information. Dr. Hooper is a good doctor. With Novi Sad, Jugoslavia, last Sep- his help and by prayer and faith in tember. The consciousness that AFRICA God and medicine, if God wills, you the world is too strong for a may be healed. God grant it. Amen! divided church was in all minds, Difficulties Solved in Abyssinia but the vital question was: How -Without the Camp. can that degree of unity already Dr. Tom Lambie, United Presattained be preserved in the face byterian missionary at Addis Thoroughly Converted of recent revolutionary changes Ababa, writes: "Work on our in German church life? Long new Leprosarium had about Mama Yangu is a convert of and earnest discussions were come to a halt because of lack the Heart of Africa Mission, a held. Fortunately those who of funds. "I did not know where former hemp-smoker, polygatook part were accustomed to to turn, when His Majesty, the mist and all-round sinner. He working together. Finally there Emperor, paid a visit to the col- gave his heart to Christ, taught was developed a crystal clear ex- ony. I explained our predica- himself to read, abandoned his pression of purpose which won ment, and His Majesty gracious- vices, organized a little church practically unanimous approval, ly headed a subscription list in his home, which has grown and marks a turning point in with 5,000 thalers ($1,250). into a church with its own build- European church relationships Two of his chief officials have ing, and goes every market day which may prove epoch making. promised to make contributions, to preach the Gospel in a market It means that despite deep con- so that work is again going for- town five miles away. He does cern and many misgivings of ward." not confine his preaching to the certain features of that trend, natives, but speaks to traders and despite the temptation to Rumors had been spread that and officials who highly respect separation based on that criti- the new hospital would keep lep- him. He is a blacksmith by trade, cism, the policy of a united study ers prisoners. Dr. Lambie print- and with his earnings sends out of the task of the churches has ed and widely distributed a cir- evangelists to surrounding vilbeen deliberately chosen by a cular of which the following is lages. Often he rises in the night, responsible body of highly in- the translation from the Am- lights a lamp, and searches the ternational and interconfession- haric language: Scriptures to find out the way al character. It paves the way of salvation more perfectly. to an interpretation of the Ger- To all the Lepers of Ethiopia. Peace man situation in a spirit of be to you. God has caused you to be -So S. Times. brotherly understanding. sick with a dreadful disease, but now, praise our Lord, there is a cure for Some Missionary Results -The Churchman. this disease. The Africa Inland Mission has By the help of His Majesty, HeiIa 220 missionaries with 1,000 na- tive colleagues who are preach- ing at 50 stations and healing the sick in 40 hospitals and dis- pensaries. Over 10,000 children learn of Christ daily in 400 rural schools. Here are some of the difficulties: Commercial development b r i n g s higher wages and breeds love of money

and spiritual indifference. Vile Natives Make Suggestions Courageous Ohristianity secret societies, lax morals, and Rev. Henry C. McDowell, mis- In the Minge territory in the cruel animistic customs call for sionary of the American Board vigilance and spiritual strength. at Galangue, mentions a few hinterland of Cameroon, as late suggestions, with great possibil- as 1915 a patrol of the German The Belgian Society of Prot- ities, which are coming from na- colonial troops was killed and tive Christians. One is an open eaten. The Basal Mission howestant Missions to the Congo re- air meeting place of about two ever, invited by a number of ports that the large churches in acres, part of it to be conse- chiefs on account of wanting the three stations of the society crated for planting and harvestin Ruanda are each crowded ing as religious ceremonies. An- schools, started work there in with more than 1,000 worshipers other suggestion refers to an 1925. Now Christian congregaevery Sunday. Ninety were re- etambo, or prayer hut. It would tions are in existence and the cently baptized. Three thousand be a reproduction of such huts Gospel has taken root particu- as they occur in native culture, larly among the young and the children are trained for Christ and would be for private medievery day in village schools, and tation and prayer. It would con- women. But the hostile forces calls to open other schools can- tain a prayer altar, with Bible, are at work to suppress Chrisnot be met. The Unevangelized tianity, in most instances with Fields Mission, working at Boy- hymnbook and devotional readulu, reports 95 recently convert- ings. An anjango, often called brutal violence. When the mis- sionaries visited the native teached. At Bongunzu the work con- palaver house, might be erected ers and asked them, if they were tinues to grow. Villages in all directions are being evangelized, on the square, to be used for not afraid when the missionand more than can be entered aries were away, they answered, small group meetings, hearing UN0, for God gives us strength call for preachers. The Church Missionary Society has organ- of w 0 r d s, in connection with to endure and His cause is ized 200 congregations. In the spreading here fro m day to weddings, dedications of infants day." Elgon district practically all the organization is in native hands -adaptations of various uses to New Afrikaans Bible with the missionaries standing which it is put in regular village by. The Lomongo now have the life. complete Bible in their own lan- On August 27 religious fesguage.-World Evangelization. Still an 0 the r suggestion is tivals were h e 1d throughout t hat a consecrated Christian South Africa to mark the com- Work of Disciples' Work dwelling be a part of the setup. pletion of the great work of This might be used as a church translating the Bible into Afri- Evangelistic work centering in 937 regular preaching points guest house, and for little feasts. kaans. At the large centers of with 450 s elf – sup p 0 r tin g Such buildings as are called for population thousands attended churches or groups of Christians would be erected by voluntary special services and gave thanks is carried on by the Disciples' labor. -Missionary Herald. for what had been accomplished. A feature of many of the serv- Church from the stations at Bo- A New Collaboration ices was the place given to chillenge, Coquilhatville, Lotumbe, dren, not a few towns arranging Monieka, Wema and Mondombe. Dr. Warneck, of Barmen, and that young people should pre- T h r e e hundred and twelve Inspector Ronicke, of Bethel, re- sent to the minister or mayor a schools serving almost 7,000 stu- cently published the announce- copy of the Scriptures for use in dents are strategically scattered ment that the Rhenish Mission church or public library. The over the entire district. This and the Bethel East Africa Mis- celebrations at Bloemfontein, educational work heads up in the where the translation was done sion have united in an agree- and where the translators for- Congo Christian Institute lo- ment of collaboration and com- mally handed over the result of cated at Bolenge. The training bined activity in all places where their work, were typical of many school, enrolling sixty students, circumstances indicate the need others. According to Reuter's and advantage of such collabora- correspondent, "About 4,000 peohas recently graduated its sec- tion. They are convinced that ple, representing various second class. Hospital or dispen- foreign missions means unususary work is carried on at each ally much to the German people tions of the Church, gathered in station except Coquilhatville. at the present time and hope thanksgiving in Bloemfontein's that by combining workers and Almost 100,000 medical treat- gifts of both societies, so far as spacious market hall, the center ments are given annually. A of national celebrations, and the service was broadcast by the mission press producing all the "dialect" materials used by the mission is maintained at Bo- the field is concerned and by African Broadcasting Company lenge. A mission-owned steamer using mutually the experiences through town and village and and a n urn b er of gasoline in service gained by both socie- through the platteland. Young launches serve the mission. All ties, as well as by excluding all and old attended this service, this work is carried on by a rivalry, they may be the better from children only a few years force of 50 missionaries. able to s e r v e their common old to aged persons whose faith -World Call. country. in the Word of God has become

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

fortified. In the afternoon about Turkish Social Problems mitted to enter, is indeed a re- 5,000 children attended a special markable thing. service for children." The Turkish Government has -Without the Camp. decided to deal with the problem -South Africa Outlook. of illegitimate children. Polyg- INDIA AND BURMA amy was abolished in 1926, and WESTERN ASIA civil marriage alone made legal. Christian Grow,th in India This gave rise to a class of chil- Pan-Islamic Congress dren whom the law cannot but Two thousand years ago there consider as illegitimate, but who were no Christians in the world. The Pan-Islamic Congress, The Jews, who were the only which recently met in J erusa- in reality do not deserve that race with any clear knowledge lem, was the largest and most appellation. Called upon to de- of God and His ideals for men, enthusiastic meeting of Moslems cide between respect for the numbered less than one million, in the century. Elaborate plans law, or the moral welfare of such and were a subject people, withwere enthusiastically adopted children, the Government has out power or prestige. In the for the most ambitious west- first 300 hundred years after the ward drive of that religion in taken the wise resolution of le- coming of Christ the Christians, 400 years. It chose Budapest, gitimizing de facto families. A in spite of poverty and persecu- Hungaria, as its first objective. bill laid before the National As- tion grew to number abo u t In this city, as a center, the Mo- sembly will enable all unions 5,000,000. According to the Govhommedans established them- from which children have been ernment census the Christian selves for the conquest of Europe born to be registered with the population of In d i a has in- 400 years ago. It is now to be authorities, so as to give the creased to about 6,000,000 in the "redeemed," and a magnificent children legal status. Should the last three centuries. In the Telmosque will be built. It has been husband be already married, the egu Feld, South India, there are made a hoi y city. Scores of first wife will have the right of today reported to be 1,000,000 mosques in Bulgaria and Jungo- appealing within three months Christians whereas there were slavia -long neglected – have none there two centuries ago. been repaired and put into use. against her husband's second At the four hundredth anniver- union. If she does so, the union Lord Irwin on Missions sary of the old mosque in Sara- will be canceled. If she does not, jevo, the finest in all the Bal- it will be regarded as the hus- Speaking at the General Askans, the king of Jugoslavia sent band's 0 n I y lawful marriage, sembly of the Church of Scotspecial representatives. A fine land, Lord Irwin, former Vice- and the first wife will be con- roy of India, paid a tribute to sidered as divorced.

-Christian Century.

mosque is being erected in Lon- Cooperation in Persia missionaries in India who, he don, another in Paris and others said, "were showing in a prac- in Northern Africa. A drive Noone knows how many lep- tical form to the people of India against missionary w 0 r k in what was the message of Jesus ers there are in Persia; perhaps Christ." He believes it is not Egypt has commenced. The king 500, possibly 1,000, but one col- easy to exaggerate what that has been asked to save Egypt ony is enough to care for all. message has meant, not only in from "evil intent of the miSSion- Near Meshed the r e has been terms of conversion, though that aries," and a resolution has been such a colony, a little mud vilsent to the Government demand- lage without a single pane of had been remarkable, but even more, he would think, in the diing a law to prevent mission- glass in the whole place until rection of establishing a standaries fro m winning converts seven years ago, when several among the children, and to force influential Persians cooperated ard of values of human .life that mission institutions to pay taxes. by organizing a local "Anti-Lep- in many parts of India thought -United Presbyterian. rosy Society," and raised funds was previously lacking. He be- with which an entire new village lieved that much of the social movement that we now see in Turkish Bible Influence was erected, its houses having progress, for the uplift of the doors and windows, and an at- Turkish men and women have tractive garden with trees and depressed classes, a movement of been openly confessing Jesus to grass. Here the lepers live, and the high caste people in India their neighbors, and have been towards giving a better place to severely dealt with by Govern- their treatment has continued, ment officials. But, says the financed by the American Mis- the depressed classes, all that is American Bible Society, these largely due to the conception of sion to Lepers. Mohammedans the value of human personality supply the bread, as before, alofficials later have been rebuked though the expense has greatly that Jesus Christ had taught to for their failure to respect the increased, for there are now 140 India. -Dnyanodaya.

liberty of conscience which the in the village instead of the orig- Recent Suttee Decision laws of the Republic guarantee inal 80. For Christian missionto every citizen. The new Turk- aries to cooperate with a Mo- The Bombay High Court has ish Scriptures have had an in- hammedan Shrine, whose sacred recently acquitted four persons fluence. precincts they are not even per- who were accused of abetting a

woman who became a suttee. pressions in the Lahore Diocesan What Siamese Learn They were supposed to be cul- Magazine. He says: "What Miss pable because they had not pre- Dr. Fred Eastman says that Sircar has accomplished shows motion picture producers might vented her from the act. The well ask themselves, before film- High Court justices in their de- what can be done by a woman ing a picture of American life, cision say: "Illegal omission what 0 the r countries think of cultUre and education har- about the Kmerica thus revealed. must mean omission to do some- With this thought in mind, Dr. thing that a person is bound by nessed to a deep love for the Eastman asked a group of Si- amese students to tell some of law to do. We are not aware of people and an outlook which is the things they had learned any provision of the law that about America from movies they enjoins one person to prevent completely Christian because she had seen. Here are s 0 m e of another fro m committing sui- their answers: is optimistic and entirely cheercide." "There are plenty of gold mines in The Indian Witness says: ful." -Dyanodaya. America."

If this decision is to be recognized Madura Mission Centenary "Americans are the most wonderful throughout India it would seem to dancers in the world." clearly mean that a crowd could as- Preparations have been made semble and look on while a woman to celebrate the centenary of the "Americans like an easy life." burns herself on her husband's funeral American Madura Mission in "It is a country where there are lots pyre, without being in any way re- South India on January 11 to of gangs and it is dangerous to live sponsible for preventing such an act. there." If this is true one wonders if it may 14. Because of financial strin- "Americans are rich and they use not also be possible for a woman who gency the celebrations have been their money in many ways, mostly wishes to commit suttee to have planned with a minimum of ex- careless ways." grounds for legal action against any- penditure, laying the chief em- "The men and women are good one who attempted to prevent her in friends." this act. The great majority of peo- phasis on the inspirational and "America is the land of romance." ple in India would in no sense encour- the spiritual. The American "The girls have many boy friends." age such a practice, but we also know Board is sending Dr. Goodsell, "America is the richest country in that recently there have been a num- executive vice-president of the the world." ber of occasions when the friends and Board, to be present at the celerelatives openly encouraged the widow Two ideas stand out: Boy and in her attempt to become a suttee. If brations. A scheme of devolu- girl relationships, and luxurious it becomes generally understood that tion by w h i c h the Madura the public has no responsibility in pre- church council takes over work from the mission has been in operation for some time. At the time of the centenary celebra- venting such occurrences it is quite tions the scheme, with consider- living.-Siamese Outlook. able modifications, will be inlikely the num'ber of such tragedies augurated. CHINA will increase. It would seem clear that the law should be so amended as -Christian Century. Growth Follows Persecution to fix responsibility upon those who are in a position to prevent such an Dichpalli's Leper Colony A missionary of Luchang,Yunact.

What a Christian Woman Sanction has been given for nan, gives the following evidence Can Do an extension of the Leper Colony that apostolic Christianity has at Dichpalli, Hyderabad State. not died out.

The oldest field of service of This is to include a second ward A village of Tibetan-Lisu Christians in the hospital to accommodate has turned as a unit to the Lord and the National Missionary Society 60 new patients; the building of has remained steadfast for more than an oil factory to produce its own of India was started in the Pun- supply of chaulmoogra oil, the a year. They have been fined, beaten jab in 1906. The new church building at Okara, the founda- and thrown into prison because of their faith. Four men were beaten tion stone of which was laid by acquisition of land for a dairy fifty strokes each with a board and fined about four months' wages each, Sadhu Sundar Singh, continues farm and the construction of a to attract worshipers at the compound for the nonleper staff because they started to erect a meetweekly Sunday services. The vil- in charge. This colony provided inghouse. The school tax of the vil- lage was increased and other unusual lage Bethlehem has found its half the initial cost of its build- burdens were imposed. Then the laird "guide, philosopher and friend" ings and now provides half its who rules them started another per- secution. Since they were not perin Miss Komolini Sircar. The maintenance cos t. No grants mitted to have a chapel, they met in simple village schools, the dis- from England are asked for this the open air. The laird raided this pensary, and the attempts at the new extension. For years, the meeting place one day as they were uplift of this rural tract have colony has been obliged "to re- fuse from 300 to 400 applicants. worshiping, and tied up with ropes elicited commendation from no So fine has been the work that less a personage than Mr. F. L. one of the brightest young men. He was dragged to the yamen and beaten with boards, until four boards were Brayne, Commissioner of Mul- the Nizam's Government has destroyed and he was left unconscious, tan Division and author of many his body seriously injured. The laird books on rural uplift, who paid consented that all local councils has told him that if he will pay over a recent visit to the village. The will contribute one pice out of some money he can be released from every rupee of taxation and in prison, but the prisoner declares that Right Reverend the Lord Bishop this way 100 more lepers every as he is guilty of no wrong he will pay nothing. The laird has conscripted of Lahore also paid a visit to year can be treated. the young men among the believers until now his militia soldiers are all this field and recorded his im- -Dnyanodaya.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

believers. I am told that they gather on a compound owned by the committee (three Chinese and around the man chained to a post, and mission. Mission schools are three missionaries) and permithold services. private schools, privately sup- ted the General's name and her ported; not drawing Govern- own to be announced as spon- The sound of the boards coming ment money, and according to sors for the entertainment. Colodown on poor Mr. "Fifth Month HaI?- treaty, within their rights in nel Hwang, of the Officers' Welpiness" converted half the yamen, It teaching religion. seems. Last Saturday when I visited fare Association, gave a dinner the place to see if I could arrange for a settlement, half the yamen came out The required Monday exercises, in to the committee and the chiefs to shake hands with me (handshakes what is believed by many Christians of the three hospitals. It was are the sign of a Christian believer in to be, or intended to be a worship- these parts). The sergeant of the memorial of Sun Yat Sen, also pre- found that one" of these doctors militia, who had not believed before, sents new difficulties-and opportunisaid to me in front of the laird: Come was a Christian and other Christo my home village and teach us, and ties-as well-in our evangelistic tians were serving on the staffs. we will all believe. The laird glared work. Colonel Hwang expressed the daggers at him, but the sergeant insists that he is going to live and die a But we are not discouraged. The positive conviction t hat China Christian. must have more missionaries, outlook is as bright as the promises since its best leadership came -China's Millions. of God. We use the words of Paul from the Christian schools. Hope for the Future (1 Cor. 16: 9) For a great door, and Against the destructive forces effectual, is opened unto me; and at work in China there is the steady, invincible power of there are many adversaries. One Man's Work Christianity. Christian schools were never more respected than Divorce Menace In the village of Yen Ch'ang they are today, and in man y places more students apply than The problem of divorce in Chi- in the Tehsien field in North can possibly be admitted. The Anti-Christian movement has na has recently become nation- China is a group of Christians largely lost its impetus. When a g r 0 u p of radical students wide. Under the old law women too far from any center to atstarted to loot a church in Hankong, the Chamber of Commerce are not given the same grounds tend worship regularly. They ask went in a body to disperse the group. The i r testimony was, for divorce as men. A woman no financial aid, but when Bible "The Christians are good. We wan t the Church and all it may not seek divorce from her women go there the whole group stands for." A labor union in Hinghwa refused to allow an husband, no matter what his of- attends class: women and girls anti-Christian clause in the i r constitution insisted upon by the fense; but a man may divorce study in the daytime; the men agitators, saying, "The Christians have ever done us good his wife for anyone of the fol- attend morning prayers before and brought blessing. If it is to be anti-Christian, we will lowing nine causes: (1) If the going to the fields, and then have no labor union." marriage contract contains false come in the evening for Bible "Open doors and open hearts" is the report of every worker statement; (2) barrenness; (3) stUdy. They have services every who carries the Gospel message through cities and villages. immorality; (4) want of filial Sunday in the home of a young -MRS. ELIZABETH BREWSTER, piety; (5) jealousy; (6) loquac- church member, and they go to in the Christian Advocate. ity; (7) incurable disease; (8) villages where they have rela- Mission Schools Must Register leaving home without the hus- tives to pre a c h Christianity.

Rev. C. E. Scott writes from band's permission; and (9) . They have formulated a plan of Shantung Province that a new edict of the Nanking Govern- beating her husband. According their own to promote further ment requires mission schools to register. This means t ~ a t. no to a new law all women enjoy study. Most of them are quite Bible study, no hymn smgmg, no evangelical and evangelistic the same grounds for divorce as poor, so they are using the few meetings,not even grace at meat, no religious teaching of any men. Therefore in recent years dollars they are able to contribkin d can occur on the school grounns even though it is located the divorce plague has become ute to buy cotton. This they are widespread and uncontrollable. spinning and weaving into white Out of 853 divorce cases handled cloth from which they will make in Shanghai court in 1930, 138 mourning garments, which in cases were instituted by the that section are rented out. With w i v e sand 177 cases by the the money they get from renting husbands. Incompatibility was the garments they expect in time stated as the ground for more to have enough to buy a mu of than 70 per cent of all the cases. land, the grain from which is to -China Critic. be used to provide porridge for Christian Influence Felt those who wan t to come and spend some time stUdying.

Rev. W. R. Johnson writes in How did this village become the Christian Advocate t hat a Christian? Twenty years ago a committee has been appointed to quiet man of something over 50 arrange for regular weekly evan- b e cam e a Christian in Man- gelistic services in the t h r e e churai. He returned to his home large military hospitals in Nan- and for years was subject to all chang. Three meetings have been kinds of persecution in his own held, with large attendance and home. He went on being a Chris- close attention. Mrs. Chiang Kai tian as best he could, and when Shek, who suggested the plan, there were no grown people to attended the first meeting of the listen he taught the children.

He won over his entire family, by them and approved by the National the 58 college graduates 17 others in the village became Council, the distribution to be subject were Christians. Plans are un- Christians, among them young to such alterations in salary items and der way for -celebrating the fifmen who were sen t away to in maintenance and other expenses as tieth anniversary of the school. Christian schools. in their judgment shall be from time to time required. -Outlook of Missions. -Missionary Herald. -The Living Church. What Omi Mission Proves JAPAN -CHOSEN Work in Rural Regions Dr. William M. Vories men- Guides for Mission Program tions four important facts which In the effort to evangelize the the Omi Mission has demon- Bishop James De Wolf Perry thirty-seven million of Japan's strated: of the Protestant Episcopal rural population one interesting Church, following his recent vis- development is the work of the First, the possibility of estabits to Japan, China and the Phil- Ehime Tent Evangelistic Band lishing, financing and directing ippines, recommends these eight (Ehime is a "ken" or district) effective mission work on the guiding principles for the mis- led by a Methodist missionary, field. No more unfavorable consionary program: the Rev. W. J. Callahan. A re- ditions for a beginning could be cent report tells of four cam- found than those which faced 1. The recognition of gradual re- paigns of eight days each with this work during the first ten duction in the number of evangelistic an average staff at each place of years. workers due to removals from year to twenty workers, nearly all volyear, and the removal of items in the unteers. The regular program Second, the importance of bebudget providing appropriations for was as follows: One day for or- ginning a missionary enterprise such positions now vacant. ganization; seven days of Daily with native helpers in complete Vacation Bible School for chil- equality of responsibility and 2. The retirement of missionaries dren in the afternoon, with eve- authority with foreigners. occupying evangelistic positions who ning preaching for adults. The have reached the retiring age, their average attendance of children Third, the necessity of memplaces to be taken by Chinese or J ap- was 275 to 300; the number of bers of several nationalities coanese appointees. classes held, 10 to 14; the aver- operating in any enterprise con- age at the night meetings about cerning the Kingdom of God. 3. The designation of ordained mis- 200 and often over three hunsionaries now in the field as super- dred. Six hundred probationers Finally, the importance of visors and administrators in the fields were enrolled, four probation- demonstrating the Kingdom, as to which they shall be assigned by the ers' training schools were held, well as preaching it. Bishop. and a church was built by one group as a result of the tent Korea's Progress 4. The limitation of the number of meetings. Through the influence missionaries to be appointed as teach- of the tent meetings one church In the years since 1930 more ers in every educational institution, decided to go on self-support and Methodist building has been gothe appointments to be made by the another was preparing to fol- ing on than ever before in that head of such institution upon nomina- low.-The Missionary Link. length of time. The high rate of tion by the Bishop, the total sum of exchange and the low cost of appropriation for salaries of such ap- North Japan College building partly account for this. pointees to be fixed by agreement be- It is encouraging that much of tween the bishops and the National. North Japan College last year the money comes from the field Council upon recommendation by the enrolled the largest number in and not from the home base. Department of Missions. its history. Its alumni are grow- Every church in Pyengyang ex- ing in prominence and influence. cept the old First has a new 5. The annual diminution of appro- Not only are they manning a building, but comparatively litpriations for maintenance of church large part of Japan's evangelis- tle foreign money has gone into boarding schools of secondary grade, tic work; several have distin- them. Chosen Christian College the decrease to be covered by corre- guished themselves in science has a great new amphitheater to sponding increase in charges for tui- and invention and many are em- accommodate six thousand peotion, with an allowance in the budget ployed in government and busi- ple. Pai Chai, historic boys' for scholarships. ness. Students are active in school in Seoul, has a new Sunday school work, and last chapel and gymnasium, with the 6. The withdrawal of appropria- year a vacation school for pas- largest audience hall in the city; tions for maintenance of any day tors was held. four-fifths of the cost was proschool which in the judgment of the vided by Korean funds. The Bishop and council of advice has At the last commencement 99 high school at Yangbyen, has ceased to function adequately as a graduated from the mid die now been entirely taken over by source of Christian teaching and cen- school, 58 from the college and the community. No missionary ter of Christian worship. one from the seminary. Among is there, no mission appropria- the 99 middle school graduates, tion is given, but the school is 7. The maintenance of mission hos- 35 were Christians; and among going on more strongly than pitals on at least their present scale, ever, and is under distinctly added appropriations to be made to Christian qirection. certain hospitals for appointment of medical missionaries; appropriations for maintenance to be diminished annually at a ratio determined by the Bishop, superintendent and administrative board of the several hospitals in consultation with the National Council.

8. The payment monthly of appropriations for each missionary district to the Bishop and council of advice for distribution by them in conference with all the American bishops of the Chinese or Japanese Church on the Pflsis 0:1' fl budget anI)ually submitteq

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

There are other notable build- ordered to walk in a circular Then and Now in Solomon ing enterprises depending on path which had been prepared. Islands American money-such as the Along this path were stationed chapel and additional wards at the more mature Christians and The Open Door, missionary the Tuberculosis Sanitarium in Bib I e helpers, who reasoned organ of the Methodist Church Haiju, and the three new build- with the lax Christians as they in New Zealand, compares the ings of the Ewha Woman's Col- passed, and won their promise situation in that Church's piolege.-Christian Advocate. of a more faithful and scrupu- neering circuit in 1926 and 1933. lous Christian walk. On reach- On Teop Island, there was one ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC ing the exit of the circle, those minister, one Fijian he I per. who were warned were asked if Many villages desired teachers, Never Saw White Men they had truly taken to heart but there were no native help- these admonitions. Then fol- ers for strategic centers. On Even after thirty-five years lowed a sermon on John the Buka Island, one minister and of American rule, there are still Baptist's call to repentance. two Fijian helpers. Eight vilto be found in the Philippine Is- lages on adjacent small islands lands people who have never -So S. Times. claimed to be more or less Methseen a white man. Baptist mis- odist, in four of which services sionary S. S. Feldmann writes Sea Dyaks of Borneo were held every Sunday, and in of having gone up into the hills the others intermittent services, on a trip to visit some of these The Sea Dyaks ·live in the probably 700-800 people in all. people. "They live now as they jungles of Borneo. Under the The Siwai area had no European lived 400 years ago," he reports. wise and beneficent rule of a preachers, but there were six "I was the first white man ever white rajah, head hunting has native teachers, and' probably to reach their village. Many of almost ceased among them. In some 400 people claiming allethe children and young people religion, they are animists, with giance to the Methodist Church. had never seen a person with a some uncertain idea of a God, white skin. Although very shy but believe in a host of lesser Today, there are three ministhey would creep up and touch spirits which must be propiti- ters at work, with 90 native me. They do not smoke, drink ated when angry. The people teachers, three native medical nor gamble. Their moral code think that the noises of certain missionaries, 80 stations occuis high. Their life is of the sim- birds indicate the spirits' atti- pied and about 6000 church plest sort, the only furnishings tude toward them, and they are members. of their homes, for instance, be- constantly on the watch to see ing a bamboo bench. They are whether the spirits are propi- -No Substitute for Sunday peaceful when undisturbed, but tious or otherwise. For exam- School when aroused are fearful to ple, they will not begin ricemeet. A Filipino pastor had planting until they have heard A little Japanese girl in Haonce visited them. Ever since the sound of certain birds; or, waii, who was detected stealing that time they have been inter- if they hear the sound of other from her schoolmates in the ested to hear more of the mes- birds of evil omen, they will not public school was induced by the sage he brought them." go to work at all for the whole probation officer to make public of that day. confession of her sin before the -Missions. whole school of seven hundred. Missionary work has been go- This wise probation officer ex- Repentance in the South Seas ing among these people for over plained to the school that they seventy years, but progress has must be charitable in all future A missionary festival in New been slow, owing to lack of con- relationships towards the of- Guinea was attended by heathen tinuity. Missionaries have come fending member of their group, as well as Christians. Dozens of out and returned owing to ill- pointing to the fact that the litspeakers followed one another. health, and often vast areas tle girl had no Christian influ- The leading thought was recog- have been left to the care of one ence at home. Her parents did nition of God as giver of food missionary for long periods at not belong to any church, and and abundant harvests. The a time. Many of the Dyaks have she had not been encouraged by heathen had often taunted the become Christian, and now there them to attend Sunday school. Christians with the folly of are the beginnings of a native She told the school that during abandoning magic. "You will go ministry. Missionaries evolved the twenty years she had been hungry and find yourselves eat- a system of writing, using the probation officer in Hawaii, she ing tree leaves like animals." So English alphabet and spelling had never been called upon to the two villages had assembled the words phonetically. Schools investigate the character of any mountains of food, and the have been opened and many chil- boy or girl who belonged to a speakers – twenty of them – dren have learned to read and Sunday school. The sequence to commented on the absurdity of write. This year a translation this episode was registered the blessing the fields when God of the whole New Testament has following Sunday, when fifty alone could do this. Certain been completed in their lan- new pupils presented themselves sluggish Christians were not guage, at the Japanese Sunday school spared criticism. They w ere in that neighborhood.

Missionary

Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information I ~,_ _ _—–=—=—=—-~~——=-~—~~~~—,~ The Meaning of Right and Wrong. literature in particular. The au- questions which emphasize the By Richard C. Cabot. Pp. 463. $3.50. The Macmillan Company, thor knows India, its people and point of view of different schol- New York City. 1933. its prevalent religion-a knowl- ars. It seems to the present re- This is a most entertaining edge based upon long residence book, unique and original in its viewer that this book, along method of approach and its handling of the fundamental eth- in the country, close contact with with Mackenzie's "The Christ of ical problems. The best chapter its people and a deep and symis the discussion of "Honesty," the Christian Faith," and Speer's in which Dr. Cabot takes the true position, so convincingly pathetic study of its main re- "The Finality of Jesus Christ," maintained by the late H. Clay ligious system. Incidentally, the Trumbull in his little book en- constitute a notable trilogy in titled "A Lie Never Justifiable." The book stays within its ap- style is admirable, vivid and Christian Apologetic. The first pointed limits of a humanistic strong, carrying the reader right consideration of the basis of along with the thought; the nat- two complement each other; the right and wrong. To the readers of the REVIEW the true basis is last shows the foundation of distinctly religious and the fundamental and essential questions ural result of the material hav- both. Mr. Thompson's book is are "What is the will of God'?"; ing been first prepared in the "What is the mind of Christ?"; form of lectures. of peculiar value, not only to the "What is right in principle, i. e., in accord with the character of student of religions, but par- God ?" These are the forms in which the question of right and Part 1. is an historical inquiry ticularly to the missionary to wrong presents itself to the containing such arresting chap- Christian experience. But the India. W. 1. CHAMBERLAIN. form in which the question is cast by Dr. Cabot is real for the ter titles as, "An Event in Adventures in C h u r c h Worship. Christian experience as for the Time," "The Chief Opponents," non-Christian. And indeed it is "The Offenses," of "novelty Teacher's Book, Pupil's Book. By primarily here in its ethical Maurice Clarke. 12 mo. Morequality that present day religious and divergency," of "personal house Publishing Co., Milwaukee. conservatism and liberalism claims," of "revolution." stand each to be judged. The 1933. warning of the Sermon on the Part II. is an interpretation of Mount is needed by every gener- Dean Clarke of St. Paul's Caation: "Not everyone that saith the Avartara aCnrdosst,heetc.CrTohss~ thedral, Marquette, Michigan, unto me, Lord, Lord, shall enter Karma and the has high qualifications for the into the kingdom of heaven, but work in the field of Christian he that doeth the will of my Fa- book includes valuable appendi- nurture. The course of study ther who is in heaven." concentrates upon the Christian ces. It is altogether a very able life as outlined in the services of R. E. S. presentation of the contrasts be- the Book of Common Prayer. It The Word of the ,Cross to Hindus. By tween the distinctive ideas of follows the expressional method, Hinduism and Christianity. using the pupil's initiative in E. W. Thompson. 8 vo. 328 pp. keeping a diary, and in close fel- 7s.6d. Epworth Press, London, 1933. Hinduism is one of the main lowship with the services of the religious systems of the Eastern church. It follows the order of This is a rare book, a notable the Prayer Book: the Church, contribution to Christian litera- world; it was the characteristic the Home, Baptism, Advent, ture in general and missionary product of India and it remains Christmas, Epiphany, emphasiz- ing the missionary enterprise, today the prevalent mode of Lent, Holy Communion, Easter, thought and worship in that Marriage, the Ordination serv- country. ices. The approach and content of each lesson are admirable and From a study of the Gospels always in touch with religious the author turns to Jesus Him- reality. The Pupil's Book, which is for home reading and not for self. The historicity of the Gos- class study, contains a story bearing upon each lesson. These pel and of the Cross as the cen- stories are sometimes Biblical, tral facts of Christianity are im- sometimes missionary, histori- cal, local. They are realistic pressively brought out in the narratives abo u t Columbus, first part. This is followed by Lindbergh, Livingstone, Abram, penetrating comparisons be- tween the teaching of Jesus and Hinduism, in regard to God and man and the way of salvation.

Part I. abneianbglea n his torical in- qU.lry.IS and appealing presentation of the Christian position w~ile Part II. being an mterpretatIOn naturally raises Any of the books noted In these columns wlll be sent by the REVJEW publishers on receipt of price.

[ 62] Onesimus, St. Francis, Gregory, found the Sermon on the Mount in the fields studied in the In- quiry. Augustine, Schweitzer, Edith a chief source of inspiration. It There was no independent Cavell, Bishop Rowe, the Prod- has reinforced their own teach- field study in America except by correspondence, available literigal Son, Matsuzaki of Japan. ers." The author gives a sum- ature, with a few interviews. Questionnaires were sent out, es- The course, though prepared for mary of the creedal statements pecially to missionaries who had withdrawn from active service, the youth of the Episcopal of Gandhi, Hu Shih and Kagawa in the effort to discover their reasons and also to secure their Church, is beaten out in the lab- in their own words. These state- judgment regarding possible im- provement of service abroad. In oratory of experience and can be ments are a revelation both of the nature of the case there is not much in the volume for the of intensive value in any church the attitude and spirit of the new information of the Boards from whom its contents were seor in any home in training young men whose life story is given cured and who are in constant conference regarding the i r Christians in the Christian life. here. methods and promotion plans. Mr. Turner's general estimate of The missionary note is every- We do not always agree with the quality of missionary per- sonnel on the field is higher than where clear and strong. Dr. Saunders in his views, but obtains commonly in the volumes of the Report. The Boards will HUGH T. KERR. the book is valuable as a striking of course study the volume for any practicable and feasible Whither Asia? A Study of Three interpretation of present-day guidance it may give, but there Leaders: Gandhi, Hu Shih, and does not seem to be much of leadership in Asia. These three value which is not really a de- Kagawa. By Kenneth Saunders, men are, in a sense, typical of scription of their present proc- Litt. D. Pp. 221. $2.00. The Mac- the countries to which they be- esses which they are steadily trying to improve. The volume millan Company, New York. 1933. long, and of great movements in closes with assurance that the day of the missionary is not over, Dr. Kenneth Saunders is one which they play so large a part. however great may be the change in quality and equipment who has done much to bridge the The greatest of the three, in of the workers. Noone could desire improvement in this rechasm between East and West in strength of character, moral gard more earnestly than mis- sionaries themselves. The techa catholicity of spirit. He is the courage and spiritual power, is nical nature of the book will probablv preclude its wide readauthor of a number of books, undoubtedly Kagawa. "Religion ing in the Church.

and dedicates these chapters to is to him the love of God and of CLELAND B. McAFEE.

the faculty and students of Vas- man. It is to all of us the spirit Impressions of South America. By Andre Siegfried. $2. 192 pp. Harsar College. The subtitle gives of loyalty to the highest, the court, Brace, New York.

the key, and the introduction sense of wonder at its mystery Indian Air:, Impressions of Travel in South America. By Paul Morand. $2. sets the stage for a very in- and beauty, the attempt to see 235 pp. Houghton Mifflin, New York. teresting comparative study of life steadily and see it whole. In South America, Lights and Shadows. present-day leadership in India, Kagawa, Asia will find a more By Kasimir Edschmid. Viking Press, New York. 1932. China, and Japan. In India, we potent leader than in either Since South America has deare told, the real soul of the Gandhi or Hu Shih-for he is a rived her cultural inspiration largely from France, anything revolution is Hindu. In China servant of Christ the Universal that a Frenchman says about that continent is of particular inthe real soul of the revolution is Son of Man. His personality is terest to South Americans as well as to the rest of the world. anti-Sinitic. In the former coun-. our best symbol of the Godhead: One of the reasons why "Impres- sions of South America" will be try they are trying to restore the in his ethics we find our most past; in the latter it is a revolt universal norm." But Kagawa against the dead hand of the has found a deeper meaning and past. All of these national lead- message in Christ: It is that of ers are the product of the min- the sufficiency and supremacy of gling of Eastern and Western the Cross-our only life and culture. It is evident in these hope. To this Hu Shih and Gandchapters that each of the three hi are still, alas, unresponsive.

leaders is a debtor to Jesus S. M. ZWEMER.

Christ, although in strangely Home Base and Missionary Person- different ways. An orthodox nel. Vol. VII of the Laymen's For- Hindu, fed on the New Testa- eign Missions Inquiry. Edited by ment, is leading India to remark- Orville ~. Petty. 199 pp. $1.50.

able reforms of Hinduism; a Harpers. New York. 1933.

Confucian scholar, who knows This is the last of the eight the ethics of the Sermon on the volumes of the report of the Lay- Mount, is breaking the bonds of men's Foreign Missions Inquiry, Confucius; a Christian socialist of which "Re-Thinking Mis- in Japan is not only preaching sions," first issued, was in some repentance of sin to individuals sense a summary. The material but is also exerting great influ- of this final volume falls into five ence on the government and na- sections: Recruiting and Selecttion. ing New Missionaries, Causes "It is surely revealing that all for Withdrawal of Missionaries, these three leaders are avowed Missionary Finances, Promoting pacifists, and in their very rea- Missions at Home, and a closing sonable and practical philos- chapter by the late Fennell P.

ophies of life they claim to have Turner on Missionary Personnel

read is because Professor Andre inces and supply jobs and con- zation of the Incas, as have Wal- Siegfried has written it, but tracts to partisans, in order to do Frank and Count Keyserling, those who expect to find here a maintain his seat, at least until the larger number not receiving but more reasonably, less fanatfundamental treatment such as given in the author's "England's their share of the spoils are ically. His appreciation of na- strong enough to revolt. Crisis" or "America Comes of ture, of the birds, the plains, the Age," will be disappointed. These East coast countries are furhastily written travel letters are ther advanced. Argentina is lit- mountains of Argentina, espe- spread considerably with large tle affected by Indian tradition cially remind one of Hudson type and attractiv~ illustrations so evident in the countries of the Pacific, it being very similar to whom he has evidently read with and drawings. Latin Europe plus the gaucho Professor Siegfried has done profit. In fact, while "Indian influences. The chief characterthe usual tourist "stunt" around Air" is literature, rather than istics of the Argentine are three: South America-Venzuela, Pan- sadness, inherited from the history or political science, and ama, Peru, Chile, Argentina, Arabs and expressed in the tan- is not always accurate in these Uruguay and Brazil. go; indolence, coming from the Fortunately he gives most of Spanish and encouraged by the latter subjects, the author has his time to describing his reac- wealth of the land; and arro- evidently read considerably more gance, a tendency to boast, with tions to political, economic and Spanish pride and Italian van- on these countries than has the social conditions as he saw them ity. A graceful intelligence and in 1931. Since it was in that ordinary travel writer. year that nearly all the countries unusual refinement of culture come from France! The danger A German view of the Southvisited went through a change ahead lies, not in any social caof government by revolution, it ern Continent is given by Kasiwas a particularly interesting tastrophe, but in periodic recur- rence of bad administration, fi- mir Edschmid. And, while not time to observe South American life and Professor Siegfried evi- nancial chaos with dissipation of so well written-or translateddently had his weather-eye out public funds for show rather loses nothing in comparison of most of the time. than for profit. First he saw the dictators, for Thus in outline are the keen subject matter. It is a more the first country visited was observations, though hardly new, comprehensive discussion of the Venezuela, controlled by General of this brilliant Frenchman, who is gradually analyzing for us the life of South AmeriCa than Gomez who, when he arrives in modern world. But it is too bad the capital from his country resi- that he has been willing to allow either of the other books, given dence, is followed by an endless these hastily written letters to largely by means of conversation procession of motor cars which be published rather than to have pass and repass the President so used his trip as preliminary to a with all kinds of interesting he may be sure to recognize his admirers. "But when one pene- real study of the complicated types, including the Dictator, forces that are shaping South trates behind the scene, one is Leguia of Peru and the German, almost aghast to find how primi- America for an increasingly tive everything still is." On the large place in future world life. General Hans Kundt, whom the other hand the author was tre- Paul Morand, the much trav- Bolivians have hired to lead mendously impressed with the eled compatriot of Professor their forces against Paraguay. progress and beauty of cities Siegfried, gives us in his "Inlike Buenos Aires and Rio de dian Air" a more finished book, South America is attracting Janeiro. in fact a charming piece of writ- more of the thoughtful attention On the west coast political ing, about equally divided in de- of the world, and suffers much problems for the author come scriptions of nature, of people, out of conditions similar to those especially the Argentine gaucho less than formerly from hastily in Turkey or the Balkans, where and the Andean Indian, and of written travel books. But, unpopulation is sparse and com- exciting experiences in airplane fortunately, she seems to get munications difficult, rather than travel. He finds the West Coast those of crowded Europe. There only the second-best of distinis little public opinion and be- with its Indians much more in- teresting than the East Coast, guished writers like Bryce, Keytween the white aristocracy and the latter being "all success, the Indian masses there is no progress, the machine …. but he serling, Clemenceau and Sieg- middle class. The powerful for- (the Andean Indian) who per- fried, to say nothing of several eigner is there only to make sists with the dull opposition of money. So a strong ruler, who North American writers who the Asiatic-he has the better of is supinely backed by an obedi- the stranger." have recently visited the southent congress, needs only to pay Morand philosophizes on the ern continent. S. G. INMAN. well the army and police, keep trustworthy agents in the prov- meaning of the mysterious civili- The Moslem World quarterly for Jan- uary, 1934. Edited by Dr. S. M. Zwemer, 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

Considerable space is given to China, where the Editor recent- ly visited Moslem centers. He described the Fourth Religion of China, its spread and influence, and the present-day revival. Mr. Harold D. Hayward writes on the Kansu Moslems of today.

Other articles of interest re- late to Magic Cures in Popular Islam, Marriage in Palestine, The Modern Press in Persia, Bible distribution across the Sa- hara, Islam and Intellectual Freedom.

Books Obituary Notes . ., . as well as an able adviser and advo-

America Self Contained. Samuel Rev. Dr. Allen Revellen Bartholo- cate. Crowther. 340 pp. Doubleday Dor- mew, secretary of the Board of For- . an. Garden City, N. Y. eign Missions of the Reformed Church Dr. Charles E. Parker, for thirty- in the United States for thirty-four two years a preacher and. teacher of The African Labourer. G. St. J. Orde years, died on November 27 at his Telegu people in India, died last Sum- Browne. 238 pp. $5. Oxford Uni- .home in Philadelphia at the age of mer. Nearly 2,000 people came to versity Press. New York. seventy-eight. honor his memory at the funeral. Rich and poor, educated and unedu- TheClu[istian Mission in the Modem He was born at Dannersville, Pa., cated, missionaries and government World. William David Schermer- and was graduated from the theologi- officials, as well as outcastes who be- horn. 360 PP'.· $2.50. Abingdon cal seminary of the Reformed Church came self-respecting ChI' i s t ian s Press. New York. at Lancaster in 1877. through the Christ whom he preached.

poran's Ministers Manual – 1934. From 1904 to 1906 Dr. Bartholomew **• Compiled and edited 'by G. B. F. was president of the Pennsylvania. Hallock. 652 pp. $2. Harpers.. Christian Endeavor Union, and in Mi. Lucy Laney, head of Haines New York. 1919 of the Eastern Synod of the Re- Institute, a school for colored boys ahd formed Church. He headed the Gen- girls in Augusta,.Ga., died October 13. Gol Champions of Light. Frances eral Synod of the Reformed Church She was in her late seventies, having Jenkins Olcott. 220 pp. $1.75. Re- from 1926 to 1929 and also was a del- taught over 60 years. She is said to vell. egate to the Alliance of Reformed have been the most prominent colored Churches from 1924 to 1929. woman in the Presbyterian Church. Hospitals Overseas-Africa and the East Series. 88 pp. 18. C. M. S. As secretary of the missions board . *•• London. Dr. Bartholomew developed virtually. the entire foreign mission work of the Dr. B. F. West, who went to Singa- The Health and Turnover of Mis- Church as now constituted in Japan, pore. in the early days of the Meth- sionar;ies. William G. Lennox. 216 China and Mesopotamia. odist Malaysia Mission, died in pp. 75 cents. Foreign Missions .Seattle, July 2, aged seventy-six. Conference. New York. He was an honored member of the Committee of Reference and Counsel, *** Dr. John R. Dickson, an American physician who had spent fifteen years Let There Be Light-a Pageant of the Foreign Missions Conference of in China asa Presbyterian mission- Drama. Elliot Field. 87 pp•. Amer- North America, from 1925 to 1931, ary, died November 23 at Hwaiyuan, ican Bible Society. New York. and a beloved and valued member of China, of acute endocarditis. Born in the Editorial Council of the MISSION- Fargo, N. D., in 1884, he received his On the Road in Madagascar. A. M. ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. Dr. M.D. from the University of Toronto Chirgwin. 159 pp. 28. 6d. S. C. Bartholomew's loss will be keenly felt, in 1910. After eight years in China, M. P. London. not only in his intimate circle of fam- chiefly as head of a hospital in the in- The Old Ideal and the New Deal. ily and friends but in his church and terior near Soochow. Golden Rule Book. Chas. V. Vick- mission councils and his world wide When Dr. Dickson opened his hos- ray. 196 pp. $1. Golden Rule contacts. He was a man of rare Chris- pital in Chinese 'buildings, he treated Foundation. New York. tian character and gracious spirit 2,800 patients in the first two months.

Read THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE JANUARY NUMBER: The Fourth Religion of China …………………………… Samuel M. Zwemer Mohammed's Call .. . .. . .. .. .. . . . . . . . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. ……. Richard Bell The Modern Press in Persia …………. …………… . ….. Herrick B~ Youns Islam and Intellectual Freedom ……………………………… C. A: Soorma Magic Cures in Popular Islam ……………………………… .James Robson The Creed of AI·Sanusi (Part II) ………………………….. Frederick J. Barny Marriage in Palestine …………………………………… Hilma Granqvist The Scriptures in the Sehara ……………………………… Dugald Campbell Islam and the Mongolian Races ……………………………… A. C. Hanna The Kensu Moslems …………………. : …………….. Harold D. Hayward Current Topics …… Book Reviews …… Survey of Periodicals SUBSCRIBE TODAY …. « Address THE MOSLEM WORLD 156 RRh Avenue New York City Single copies, SOc.; Annudl Subscription, $2.00; in Combination with the REVIEW,S3.50 MARSHALL, MORGAN a SCOTT, 12 Pllemosler Bulldlnl" LOIIdon PrIce In Gre. Britain, Ellhl ShlllintS. net

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The Missionary Review of the World — December 1933

1933

THE Looking Backward and Forward Robert E. Speer Publish Glad Tidings——Today Lucy W. Peabody A Voice from a Peruvian Prison John A. Mackay The Cross and the Christian Message w. H. T. Gairdner A Japanese Thief—Saved by Grace H. W. Myers What Theological Schools Contribute to Missions Wm. A. Hill

i~~~~"

I Ge' Vour Chris'mas Cards T , and Scripfure exf Cillendilrs Letters of Soon everybody will be looking for Nettie Fowler McCormick, Christmas cards that convey a Scriptural greeting. and Scripture Text Calendars with wife of Cyrus Hall McCormick. inventor of a message for each day in the new year. Here the reaper, arc desired by her children. is an opportunity to sccure yours freeeithcr for your own use, for gifts, or for re- For this purpose the Nettie Fowler McCor~ sale. Your choice either of an excellent as- ndck Biugtaphical ,ssoLiarion requests thM sortment of sixte;:n Christmas cards in a persons having any of her writings kindly box, or two beautiful Scripture Text Calen- send them to the address below. The famIly dars, for every new subscription you send us. of Nettie Fowler McCormick win be grateful (or co-operation and glad to make appro.. priace payment for such papers. Address Nettie Fowler McCormick Biographical Association, 664 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago The Missionary Review Dates To Remember Christmas Card Box United Missionary Meetings Assortment December 3-4-St. Louis, Mo. December 5-6-Springfield, Ill. Tbis gift box contains six- December 7-8-Indianapolis, Ind. teen beautiful cards. each with December 8-Federal Co unci 1 of a Christmas sentiment artd engraved Bible text and a richly Churches, Executive Committee, lined envelope. Every Scrip- New York. ture-text card you mail carries December 10-12-Washington, D. C. a Christian greeting. The qual- December 13-15-Philadelphia, Pa. ity and variety of botn message January 2, 1934-February 8-Rural and design found in our cards are most attractive. Training for Christian Workers one of the finest art lithograph houses in America. Course. Scarritt College for Chris- tian Workers, Nashville, Tenn. January 3-5-Annual Meeting, For- eign Missions Conference, Garden City, New York. January 9-11-Annual Meeting, Home Missions Council and Council of Women for Home Missions, Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church, N. Y.

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fine. I am more strongly convinced REVIEW OF THE WORLD than ever that the REVIEW is the most calls you East interesting and valuable missionary of Suez … sail DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor periodical published." THE ROUTE PREFERRED VOL. LVI DEC., 1933 No. 12 DR. ARTHUR JUDSON BROWN, Sec- SINCE 18401 Publication and Business Otnce retary Emeritus, Presbyte1';ff1l. Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Boa-rtf of Foreign Mi.~R'iolls. Cross Cunard to England. and embark at London in a great Editorial and Executive Otllce * * ;1; ship of this Line that tradition- 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City ally and for nearly a century has Entered as second-class matter at "Last year, for economic reasons, I carried the vanguard of the Post Otllce, Harrisburg, Pa., under asked you to discontinue sending the Church eastward to all the lands Act of March 3, 1879. REVIEW. Now I find that I must have beyond Suez. P & 0 Liners, of it. Every loyal Christian needs the transatlantic size and comfort, 25 cents a oopy-$2.50 a year ammunition to combat the terrible stand for the Progress ofthe West Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. forces sweeping over the world." in scores of tropic ports and teem- Published monthly-All rights re- ing harbours of the Indian Ocean served. Copyrighted 1933 by the LAURA A. BARNUM, New York. and the Pacific. Natives measure time by their swift and sure MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- Personal Items arrival. Low rates and new, fast, LISHING CO., INC. luxurious ships make the voyage Dr. Joseph Wilson Cochran, pastor an exceptional value. BOARD OF DIRECTORS of the American Church in Paris since ROBERT E. SPEER, President 1923, resigned September 24. This PENINSULAR WM. 1. CHAMBERLAlN, Vice-President church is the oldest American institu- AND ORIENTAL AND WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer tion in Europe. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary BRITISH INDIA STEAM SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT *** NAVIGATION COMPANIES MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIpPHARD Dr. ,Catherine L. Mabie, for 35 Regular sailings from London, ERIC M. NORTH years an American Baptist medical Gibraltar and Marseilles to India, MILTON T. STAUFFBR missionary in the Congo, has been Ceylon, Burma, Straits Settle- A. L. W ARNSHUIS honored by the Belgian Government ments, China, Japan, Australia, SAMUEL M. ZWBJ4BR with La Croix de Chevalier de l'Or- New Zealand, Egypt, Sudan, dre Royal die Lion. Persian Gulf, East and South Editorial Chat Africa, etc. *** One of the effective ways of spread- Co"!plete information from ing the Glad Tidings, God's message Henry Roe 'Cloud, full – blooded Your LOcal Agent or and its mission of Life, is to give wide American Indian who has been a govreading to THE MISSIONARY REVIEW ernment school inspector in the In- (:(JNARD~LINE OF THE WORLD. It will make a good dian Service, has been appointed Christmas gift to your neighbor, your Superintendent of Haskell Indian In- GENERAL AGENTS pastor, your missionary or other stitute at Lawrence, Kansas. Christian friend. It will come with 25 Broadway New York a monthly message of Glad Tidings *** and will instruct and inspire the readers to take a more active part in Rev, and Mrs. Hugh Taylor and spreading the Gospd of Life. See our Mrs. W. G. McClure of Siam have special offer to send an attractive reached the age of retirement after Christmas card with your gift sub- forty years of service under the Presscription. Now is the time to act. byterianBoard. At the request of their fellow workers they will remain *** for service among the Siamese people.

The value of the REVIEW is shown *** by some of the letters received from readers. Can you help to make the Dr. Niels Neilsen, an American atmagazine still more widely useful? tached to the Danish Missionary So- Here are some recent expressions ciety at Hsiuyen, Manchoukuo, has been released after six months in the "The ten pageS on 'Missionary Re- hands of bandits. actions,' in the July REVIEW, are of very great value to the cause of for- Dr. Nielsen, who was kidnaped eign missions. I thank you most April 11, had been held at several heartily for presenting this impres- brigand hideouts in the almost inacsive testimonr It has greatly en- cessible country north of Hsiuyen. couraged me.' The bandits had demanded $250,000.

BISHOP BENTON T. BADLEY, *** Bombay, India. Mrs. Herbert E. Goodman has re- *** tired from the presidency of the Woman's Baptist Foreign Mission "It is a real pleasure to express my Society after a service of nine years. appreciation of THE REVIEW. I am particularly pleased with the fine con- *** tents, and feel certain that it is greatly promoting the cause of missions. Rev. F. S. Hearndon, missionary I wish its subscription list contained and director of religious education for the name of every pastor and Chris- the government school and community tian worker and I would like to see it at Tuba City, Ariz., retired September in the hands of every church member. 1st, after 40 years in Indian work in If it were more widely read I am sure Arizona. Mr. Hearndon established our mission treasury would not be suf- five Papago Indian churches, personfering as it is from the "depression." ally directing the work of building . chapels, manses and native helpers' REV. F. A. GOETSCH, Board of houses on each of these fields. He served as missionary and supervisor Foreign Missions, Evangelical for the Papagos for 30 years. For Synod of North America. five years he has been missionary to the Navajos.

[ 569 ]

DE LA TORRE (SET FREE FROM PlRISON) WITH A GROUP OF FRIEINIDS IN

THE OLD HALL OF THE SPANISH INQUISITroN~NOW THE PER,U'VIAN SENATE OHAM'BER THE OLD AND THE NEW IN PERU (See page 583)

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER TWELVE DECEMBER, 1933 Topies of the Times FOR PEACE ON EARTH-OR WAR? comes from Russia that the Revolutionary War The first Christmas message was one of peace- Council and the Communist Internationale have expressing God's will for harmony between man joined in voicing anew Soviet Russia's plan to and God and between man and man. It-was a promote world revolution. The War Council No. peace made possible through the coming of Jesus 173 calls on the Red Army chiefs to train their Christ into the world. He came to proclaim peace soldiers for war and urges the workers and labor- -a way of peace opened through His death on the ing classes of the world to join ranks with the Cross. This great Christian word, with rich sig- proletariat of the U. S. S. R. Their revolutionary nificance, was commonly used in early salutations propaganda against nationalism, imperialism, capand expressed the purpose and hope of all fol- italism and religion is already being conducted lowers of Christ to promote peace through faith in all lands, including North and South America. and love and by doing the will of God. Posters, textbooks, circulars and newspapers are Look over the world today-torn by war and used to foster the spirit of bitter hatred against selfish strife. How far even professed disciples all classes or governments opposed to the commu- of Christ have departed from His ideal and pro- nist program. gram. Not only are the non-Christian nations The spirit of Anti-christ is the spirit opposed made enemies by military, industrial and social strife but even Christian churches are separated to the program of Christ who set up for His folinto over one hundred and fifty sects, many of lowers, by precept and example, the standard of them widely divided by controversy. love against hatred, sacrifice against selfishness, truth against falsehood, obedience to the will of Jesus Christ had no misconception as to the dif- God as opposed to the way of evil.

ficulties that stood in the way of accomplishing The acceptance of the first Christmas message His mission of peace. He saw that self-seeking, involves the obligation to work for peace based on blind prejudice, false leadership and enmity Christ-like love and harmony with God. There is against the will of God would bring persecution no peace in fellowship with the enemies of Godto His followers, with division, hatred and strife, personal, or ecclesiastical or national. Is it right dividing even families into opposing camps. The to "recognize Russia" in view of her propaganda peace of Christ is not a cheap product of weak for world revolution and her anti-God campaign. submission to superior force; it is not the peace Should Christian leaders recognize Russia or rec- of cowardly compromise or the stagnation of ognize God?

death. He showed that the only true peace comes In the midst of strife and surrounded by ene- from harmony with the will of God. mies the Christian has defensive armor in the Japan, China, Germany, France-any nation or breastplate of righteousness, the helmet of salvaparty will welcome peace on its own terms. The tion, the girdle of truth, and the shield of faith. results of the World War have proved that peace The only offensive Christian weapon is the sword imposed by force cannot be permanent. A better of the Spirit-the Word of God. It is to be used basis is found in a common loyalty and in har- in love to save others rather than to destroy them. mony of spirit and purpose. The secret is loyalty Among the great modern messengers of peace are to Christ and obedience to the will of God. the missionaries of Christ in every land. Today they are proclaiming and promoting the message While Jesus Christ came to establish peace of the first Christmas-"Glory to God ….. Peace based on righteousness and love, there are forces on earth among men." The good news to be protoday that are promoting hatred and strife. Word [571 ]

claimed to all the world today is the same that University of Rochester, the students of the Diwas proclaimed nineteen hundred years ago- vinity School, and the college women of the city, news that God is love; that Christ Jesus died to heard the messages and shared in forum discusredeem men from sin; that the gift of God is sions. About 400 Protestant ministers were preseternal life through Jesus Christ; that the fol- ent for the three hour round-table Conference on lowers of Christ are messengers of peace; that Monday, under the leadership of Dr. E. Stanley Christians are actuated by brotherly love. The Jones. Eight large denominational luncheons missionary enterprise proclaims good news that were also held-each group facing its own respon- God is today working in all lands, bringing men sibility and challenge. One whole day was given out of darkness into light, out of weakness into to a follow-up conference by a large interdenomistrength, out of selfishness into service, out of national group of church women and the Council death into life. of Church Women filled one of the largest churches for a mass meeting. Church School of- STIRRING FOREIGN MISSION INTEREST ficers and teachers had a special conference on the best methods of missionary education and a pag- The United Foreign Missionary Conferences, eant entitled "The Great Choice" was effectively which have been and are still being held in cities given. of the East and Middle West, have succeeded in a marked degree in arousing the churches to a new "The newspapers published column on column sense of their responsibility and opportunity for of the missionary addresses; while no accurate esgiving Christ and His Gospel of life to the peo- timate can be made of how many thousands "lisples of the non-Christian world. In many of these tened in" or attended the meetings, the ticket plan forty cities visited, large audiences have gathered, adopted insured the attendance of representative missionary addresses have been given in many of groups from more than 100 churches. Only time the Protestant churches, newspapers have dealt will reveal the results attained, but some may be with the subject on their front pages and much immediately tabulated: missionary literature has been distributed. The seed has been scattered; where it has been good 1. This conference revealed the tremendous presentseed, sown in faith and prayer, God will give the day interest in the missionary enterprise of the Christian increase. Church. People are thinking or rethinking 'missions. The amazing response to the invitation to "come and hear" re- One of the most effective campaigns was held futes the statement that "foreign missions are done for." in Rochester, New York (October eighth and ninth). It is described as follows by Dr. Frank 2. The speakers helped to answer many questions con- M. Weston, Executive Secretary-Treasurer of the cerning the missionary work of the Church. A prominent Presbytery: lawyer said, "These meetings have done more for the cause of Foreign Missions in Rochester than any similar "Measured in terms of numbers reached, inter- meetings I have ever known." est aroused, and convictions created or confirmed, this conference was signally successful. The 3. It reached the youth of Rochester in an unusual "team" of internationally known missionaries measure. Thousands of high school students, college stu- (including such speakers as Dr. E. Stanley Jones dents (men and women), divinity students, and others and Miss Lillian Pickens of India; Dr. Herman heard Dr. Herman Liu and Miss Yi-Fang Wu (two splen- Liu, Miss Yi-Fang Wu and Bishop Roots of China; did specimens of the fruitage of Foreign Missionary work) and Dr. Charles R. Watson of Cairo, Egypt) and saw in them convincing proof of the worthwhileness would get a hearing anywhere. They had it in of this work. Rochester. The Church Boards also sent outstanding Secretaries – Dr. James H. Franklin 4. Fully 400 ministers were brought under the influ- (Baptist); Dr. F. M. Potter (Reformed); Dr. ence of Dr. E. Stanley Jones. He is unique and irresis- Ernest F. Hall, and Dr. Wm. P. Schell (Presby- tible. His epigrammatic statements linger long in the terian); Dr. J. Roy Strock, and others. More mind-for example-"If Christianity is not universal, it is than sixty addresses were given and more than not true." . . . "When our religion becomes less than 100 congregations were reached (singly or in un- universal, it ceases to be Christian." As a result of his ion services). Two radio stations broadcasted addresses missionary enthusiasm in the lives of many two Sunday morning addresses and a third on will be as certain as the sunrise. His messages ploughed Monday. The largest church auditoriums were deep and made lasting impressions. The church life of packed for the mass meetings and many were the city and community has been deepened and quickened turned away. The assembly periods in the largest and recommitted to the world program of Christ. High Schools were made available to the Committee and thousands of the students heard mis- Rochester has had many similar gatherings. This one sionary addresses. The men and women of the stands out as inspiring and restful and eminently worth while.

• These missionary conferences continue until the fifteenth of December, the final meetings being held in Oklahoma City, St. Louis, Springfield, Illi- nois, Indianapolis, Washington, D. C., and Phil- adelphia.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

HOW SHALL WE TREAT THE JEWS? Injustice, unequal opportunity and unfriendli- What attitude shall Christians take today to.. ness are unChristian and reveal a lack of enlightward the Jews-the people of the ancient Abra- enment when practiced in any land toward any hamic Covenant? Bitter hostility was for many people. The "German Christian Church," as the years the prevailing treatment they received in Nazi wing of the Protestant Church is called, Europe. Violent persecutions were generally due cannot claim a right to the name Christian if they to prejudice and resentment because their race adopt a platform discriminating against the Jews was accused of responsibility for the death of and opposing Christian work among them on the Christ. But today Jew baiting, massacres and ground that "their conversion to Christ obscures pogroms have generally been discredited and dis- their racial identity." Such racial persecution continued in the face of modern progress. and injustice form a blot on civilization and are a cause of shame to Christianity. Many of the In place of more violent persecution, there has Nationalistic aims of German leaders are comcome the attitude of antagonism, boycott and os- mendable but these are discredited by unfair tracism, such as is seen today in the Hitlerite treatment and by any evidence of prejudice and anti-Semitism. Although Jews in Germany make hatred. up less than one per cent of the 60,000,000 population, the Nazis seem to fear their financial We believe that the key to the Jewish problem, power and leadership, their radicalism, and their in Germany and elsewhere, is the recognition of lack of sympathy with Teutonic ideals.. As a re- Jesus Christ as divine Lord and Saviour of all sult the Jews are being driven out of positions men. Jewish missions-conducted on the Chrisof power in economic, professional and political tian basis of tact, friendliness and loyalty-should life. Some Teutons would like to enslave the be carried on even more earnestly than ever. Hebrews after the manner of ancient Egypt and Faith in Jesus Christ gives to Jews a new underfor similar reasons. This national persecution has standing of God and new light on His own Sacred called forth strong protests from Jews and Chris- Scriptures which Christ came to fulfill; a new hope for this and the life to come in place of tians in Great Britain, America and other lands. present discouragement and darkness; a new fel- Neglect and indifference to the welfare and lowship with other loyal followers of Christ; a destiny of Hebrews is the general attitude of new joy in the experience of spiritual life, a new Gentiles where there is no great Jewish problem. purpose and goal, and assurance of victory in the In North and South America Jews are tolerated, conflict with evil; a new power for service to if not welcomed. They enjoy social, political and man. The result of a change of relationship to economic rights but amalgamation is opposed. Jesus Christ is the transition from death to life They are excluded from many clubs, hotels and -from lack of accord with the universe, with summer resorts, because of certain racial charac- history and with God's program today, to a conteristics and their tendency to clannishness and sciousness of harmony with the eternal Mind aggressiveness. This unfriendly attitude is grad- and Purpose. ually passing way in enlightened circles where The work of missions to Jews has produced the Gentiles recognize the noble contributions remarkable results. Many have the impression Jews have made to political progress, business that Jews cannot or will not become true Chrisdevelopment, scientific advancement, literature tians, and that they profess conversion only for and education. selfish reasons. A knowledge of the facts will Unfortunately comparatively few people any- change this conception. Thousands of J ews-inwhere take the attitude of the early Christians- eluding some of the finest minds and characters recognizing that the Jews are a "Chosen People" of history-have faced persecution and the loss of God, that we owe great debt to them for their of all earthly possessions in order to be true to preservation of the Old Testament, and that their convictions and follow Christ. Many of through them came Christ and the knowledge of these Hebrew Christians are now in Christian His Way of Life. Such an attitude promotes the pulpits and have creditably filled positions in ~ll desire to show the Christ Spirit of love toward walks of life-men like Neanden and Edershelm the Jews and an earnest effort to win them to the historians, Delitsch the Bible Scholar, Adolph Christ as their promised Messiah. Saphir and David Baron the preachers, and The evidence of an anti-Semitic spirit is often Schereschewsky the missionary translator.

so much in evidence that we overlook the fact The cry of "proselytism" is often raised against that many thousands of Christians all over the Christian missions. If by this is meant a change world, including Germany, take this Christlike of association 'or name without an intelligent attitude. Strong protests should be registered change of conviction and nature then all right against any unfair treatment of Jews or Orientals thinking people are opposed to it. But if by or Africans in any land. "proselyting" we mean loving and conscientious

efforts to win others to loyal allegiance to Christ insights? With the Greek and with the Teutonic then no true Christian can do otherwise. Such mind the integration of Christian truth in the conversion means no formal enrolment for selfish spiritual background of the pagan higher life has purposes but a new spiritual birth that brings taken centuries. Will it take hundreds of years a new spiritual experience, a new understanding in the present missionary movement? Do we perof God, a new purpose in life, a new hope and a ceive clearly the grave and complicated problems vital relation to Jesus Christ as living Lord and lying behind this task? The uniqueness of the Saviour. Christian message is definitely challenged today THINKING THEOLOGY AND MISSIONS by the increasing knowledge of the higher life and thought in non-Christian religions, as is seen in Every phase of the missionary enterprise is now under review: the theological basis; the val- such books as Robert Hume's "Treasure House of ues in non-Christian religions; the need of people Religions." How are the unchangeable claims of of other cultures for the Gospel of Christ; the Christ to be reasserted? These and similar imright of the Church at home to "export religion" ; portant questions held these missionary professors the type of missionary ambassadors needed; the alert during these two days of inspiring discus- sions. efficiency of the administration at the "home base"; and the relative responsibilities of the MARTIN LUTHER AND MISSIONS sending churches and those on the mission fields. November tenth marked the four hundred and They are important questions which cannot be fiftieth anniversary of the birth of Martin Luther, lightly put aside-especially if the Christian the great leader of the Protestant Reformation.

movement is to go forward and if the program of Born in Eisleben, Saxony, in the home of a Christ for blessing to mankind by making dis- humble but pious miner, this child was destined ciples of all nations is to be carried out effectively to change the religious thinking and life of the and promptly. world. On October 31, 1517, when Luther was Fifteen professors from theological seminaries thirty-four years of age, the young priest nailed in America, and Professor Julius Richter of Ber- his ninety-five Theses on the door of the Castle lin University, took part in the annual professors' Church of Wittenberg, and so fired a theological conference at the Kennedy School of Missions in shot that is still echoing around the world.

Hartford Theological Seminary October 28 and This anniversary of Luther's birth has been 29. The discussions were vivid, impressive and celebrated in all lands. His Theses, emphasizing fascinating and covered a wide range of topics. the New Testament teachings, led the way for The Laymen's Foreign Missionary Inquiry occu- the spread of evangelical Christianity throughout pied the center of interest, with a discussion as to the world. He and his fellow protestants against whether the doctrinal basis of the first four chap- the erroneous teachings and practices of the ters of "Re-Thinking Missions" is adequate to Papacy, proclaimed salvation by faith in Christ the present emergency and whether the proposed rather than by personal merit through good superboard of foreign missions is at all feasible. works; they offered an open Bible for all to read Next they went on to discuss the deeper question and interpret under the guidance of the Holy of the missionary situation. Even if the national Spirit; they denounced the sale of indulgences churches in the Asiatic and African fields become and the granting of priestly absolution. Luther fully independent is it possible or warrantable to discredited worship before images in the churches; leave in their hands the gigantic tasks to chris- he exalted the living Christ above the Virgin tianize the hundreds of millions of surrounding Mary; he opposed the idea that the priest rather non-Christians. If the continued cooperation of than Christ Himself is the mediator between the the sending churches is indispensable, in what sinner and God and he discredited the claims of way should that cooperation be organized? The the popes – as the vicegerent of the Christ on open doors inviting missionary endeavor in the earth.

nineteenth century in many fields seem to be rap- With Hus, Luther, Mrelanathon, Wyclif and idly closing; what new chances have we for a Calvin came revivals of living Christianity which continued and successful access to the masses in prepared the way for the modern missionary Asia and Africa? The conviction in missionary enterprise. The new reformers launched out into circles is rapidly increasing that we have gener- new ventures of faith and service; the Bible was ally not taken sufficient notice of the ethical and translated and printed in the language of the com- social foundations of the pagan life and as a re- mon people; the priesthood was opened to men sult Christian congregations have too often be- who were normally and legally married; the mod- come foreign Christian colonies without spiritual ern popular educational movement took root; un- relation to their pagan surroundings. How should known worlds were discovered and men, with missionary methods be altered to comply with new larger life and vision, began to consider anew the

command of Christ to "disciple all nations." The Unlike the Foreign Missions appraisal the Lutheran churches alone now include eighty-three Home Missions survey has been carried on by million adherents, and 4,500,000 members in the committees appointed by the Boards. They do not United States. Their missionaries are scattered attempt to revise the doctrinal basis or the evan- all over the world. The Protestant Christian gelistic purpose of Home Missions but only to churches enroll over 200,000,000 members and study the progress made, the needs of the present have 28,000 foreign missionaries at work in non- hour, the methods that have proved most fruitful Christian lands. and the steps that should now be taken to com- As the late Dan Crawford of Central Africa plete the task expeditiously, economically and efremarked: "You can count the apples on a tree fectively. The true aim of Home Missions is to but you cannot count the number of trees that make Christ known so as to extend His supremacy may come from an apple." You can count the and to carry out His program in every phase of babies born into a family but none can measure life and in every part of the land. The end of the influence that may come from one child dedi- the survey and program making should be the cated to God and led by His Spirit. beginning of a new advance to win America for Christ.

A NEW APPRAISAL OF HOME MISSIONS RELIGION AND COMMUNISM IN PERU The work of Home and Foreign Missions, as Today Peru is struggling out of a long period of must be the case with every vital progressive strife and abuse, with the government and the enterprise, is constantly being subjected 'to study public suspicious and much afraid of any intruand revision. As was noted in our November sion from the outside. More remarkable then are REVIEW, the changing conditions in the Church the recent meetings held in Peru by Dr. George P. and in the field require changes in special projects, Howard, who, under the auspices of the Commitin methods and in administration, even though tee on Cooperation in Latin America, is presentthere is no change in the aim or the essential ing in South America the place of the Christian Christian message. message in solving the problems that are stirring As a result of the Church Comity Conference, the Southern Continent. held in Cleveland in January, 1928, the Home Mis- Dr. Brewster, Superintendent of the Methodist sion boards appointed a strong committee on a Episcopal work in Peru. writes that "Dr. How- Five Year Program of Survey and Adjustment. ard's Argentine citizenship and his command of This committee, representing the twenty-six de- the Spanish language opened to him many doors nominations cooperating in the two Home Mis- that would be closed to others. His studies in the sions Councils, undertook to make a nation-wide universities of the United States and his long scientific study of Home missionary fields and years of experience in preaching fit him pre-emimethods of administration. The work of this com- nently for the task to which he had been assigned. mittee has now been completed. A survey has His work was blazing a new trial; opening up a been made of twenty-five states and of many mis- new field of missionary endeavor. sion projects. Last year the Home Missions Con- "In Huancayo he spoke in the theater to everference appointed another special "Committee on increasing audiences until on the last afternoon, Review and Forecast" to make an appraisal of the when he spoke on 'God, The Eternal Anxiety of work of the Five Year Program. This appraisal Men,' the theater was filled to overflowing with committee is composed of eighteen pastors, lay- the leading people of the city. He spoke in the men and women, representing seventeen cooperat- government school to more than five hundred ing denominations. The chairman is Dr. H. W. A. young men and in the Instituto Andino and in the Hanson, a Lutheran, and President of Gettysburg local church he gave addresses which were greatly College. appreciated by large crowds.

The findings of these two committees are being "In Callao he preached in the Methodist Church printed in a volume of some four hundred and on Sunday and the following week gave an ad- fifty pages which is to form the basis of discus- dress each morning in the Callao High School and sion at the annual Home Missions Conference in three public lectures in the Assembly hall of the January. Much valuable data has been collected High School in the evenings. At the close of a and carefully evaluated. While the topics and series of addresses in the church a large number fields surveyed do not coincide with the sugges- signed cards declaring their intention to live the tions contained in our November editorial, they Christian life. The entire church has taken on cover many of the most outstanding features of new life as a result of these meetings.

the accepted field of Home Mission work. The "In Lima, many were wondering what kind of results of the evaluation and the prophetic fore- reception he would get in a city which is not cast will be awaited with great interest. friendly to new ideas. The first lecture at the

Y. M. C. A. was on 'Communism and Christianity.' principles of Christ and the Church, but it is too A large crowd was present for this lecture as the often practiced by church members. How can word 'Communism' is an almost forbidden word anyone be a true follower of Jesus Christ and and the crowd was eager to hear a man who had refuse to recognize the human brotherhood of man courage enough to give a public address on 'Com- and spiritual kinship with all true Christians.

munism.' The other two lectures were more But it is easier to condemn than to correct. Are largely attended than the first and it seemed the British and American Christians without sin in more religious the theme the larger the audience, this respect? Are we all ready to fellowship with and the greater the interest. all Christians in the home and in the Church?

"The Y. M. C. A. was too small to hold the crowd There is no need to advocate or approve of racial so a theater in the very heart of the city was intermarriage or to disregard all cultural and secured for three lectures on the present moral social distinctions. But where is the Christian and spiritual standpoint and one on 'Jesus, Our basis for racial and caste separation in churches Contemporary.' Every seat was taken and people and schools, in Christian work and in personal were standing around the sides and in the aisles fellowship? In Europe and America will Chinese nearly half way to the platform. It was a never- and Indians be welcomed into church membership to-be-forgotten experience as one looked out over and elected to church offices on an equal basis with that audience of diplomats, business men, univer- Anglo-Saxons? How about the Negroes?

sity professors and students, working men, women Theoretically the truth is acknowledged that all of every class of society, who were listening, many are one in Christ. There is no distinction between of them for the first time, right in Roman Catholic male and female, between barbarian and Scythian, Lima, to what was really a good old-fashioned gos- between Jew and Gentile by race, between rich pel sermon put in modern language. They got a and poor, between high and low, between bond vision of Jesus Christ as the manifestation of God, and free-but practically these human distinctions interested in every problem of human welfare, and stand as barriers in the way of Christian fellow- possible as a present day experience in the life of ship and united service. To this day, even among every man." Christians, "man looketh on the outward appear- ance but God looketh on the heart." Among many SHALL CHRISTIANS RECOGNIZE CASTE? professed followers of Jesus Christ are not the We hear much about caste in India and de- gold ring, the goodly apparel, distinguished fore- nounce the Hindu beliefs on which it is based. bears, and high financial standing still recognized We point out the injustice and inhumanity of sep- as credentials for preferment in the Church?

arating men into sealed compartments, denying When will Christians take their Lord and them rights and privileges of life on account of Master seriously? When will we determinedly birth; calling them defiled because of their occu- put into practice His example and teachings?

pation; other classes refusing to mix with "un- "Let nothing be done through faction or vain touchables," regardless of their personal cleanli- glory. . . . .. Let each esteem the other as better ness, education or nobility of character. Mahatma than himself…… Let this mind be in you Gandhi is extolled today for his fight unto the which was also in Christ Jesus …… who humbled death to remove "untouchability in India"; and himself and …… took upon himself the form of yet he still upholds caste as an institution and the a servant. . . . .. Do nothing by partiality . . . . . .

Hindu religion on which it is based. It is gen- Have not the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ, the erally agreed that it will be impossible to abolish Lord of Glory, with respect of persons. . . . .. If untouchability while caste remains. As long as we have respect of persons we commit sin."

men seek to keep their fellowmen from enjoying Moslems condemn caste and Mahatma Gandhi the equal privileges of their human birthright, be- is leading a reform to remove "untouchability."

cause of differences of race, color, heredity, finan- But the road to secure equal privilege and oppor- cial standing, religion or occupation, so long the tunity, equal justice and standing will be a long spirit of caste and untouchability will continue. one. The caste system should be abolished, not The Hindus are frank in upholding the caste only in India but in America and England. The system and base it on their religious and on so- secret of true humility and impartiality is a re'al- cial and economic needs. At the same time Mos- ization of the fact that all are equally needy in lems, Parsees and Buddhists do not recognize the the sight of almighty God. Who is worthy to look caste system. In China, with as great economic with scorn on a brother? The secret of unity, of needs and as wide a divergence in social life and true Christian fellowship, of true brotherhood, is culture, there are no hard and fast barriers of "the mind of Christ," a consciousness that every caste. In India, however, caste is, in some places, Christian is a bond-servant of Christ and may ex- even carried over into the Christian community. perience fellowship with the Father, with His Son, This spirit is directly opposed to the recognized and with one another.

Back and Looking

* A Recent View of Presbyterian Foreign Missions By ROBERT E. SPEER, New York -"~l For Forty-two Years Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

~======~==================~ FORTY years ago at the General Assembly in women who, without reward, have patiently and Washington I first, as a very young man, had fearlessly followed in the path of duty and have the responsibility of speaking to the General done what they believed to be right and in accord Assembly in connection with the Report of the with the law of the Church; and who are con- Board of Foreign Missions. . . . .. The Foreign scious of no respect in which they have not hon- Mission enterprise was then facing very grave orably represented the character and tradition of problems. We were just on the eve, though no our Church in its missionary enterprise, in loyalty one knew it, of a great financial panic_ The to our Divine Lord and only Saviour and in obe- Church was deeply stirred by controversy and dience to His great commission.

dissension. And yet it had been the best year A Year of Difficulties ever known in the missionary contributions of the Church. For the first time the receipts of the It has been a very difficult year through which Board for the year had exceeded $1,000,000. The God has brought us; the most difficult, I think, Board was none the less in a position of great that I can remember in forty-two years. It has financial insecurity. Its total working capital and been difficult because of heavy losses.- men and endowment funds at that time were only $304,000 women, as noble as have ever served the Chrisand it was attempting to carry an enterprise of tian Church, have finished their course and dropmore than $1,000,000 annually for which it had ped out of the visible ranks. . . . .. Less than half to borrow each year far beyond its available bank- a dozen missionaries remain in active service of ing securities. those who were on our roll when I began my serv- Great as our responsibilities were at that time, ice ….. . they are vastly greater today, thank God. Because of his rich blessing on the work during these It has been a hard year financially_ Only by forty years, the number of our foreign mission- rigid economies and heavy reductions of expendiaries has grown from 600 to nearly 1,500; the ture, both on the foreign field and in the promonational workers, supported by the Board, from tion and administration of the work at home, has 1,460 to over 8,000, with not less than 7,000 em- it been possible to close the year without a far ployed by the churches that have grown out of heavier deficit than the $347,000 which the Board the work of the Board and are now independent. reports to the Assembly. More than $1,000,000 The total number of communicants in the mis- has been cut from our foreign mission expendision churches and in these independent churches tures since the Assembly of 1932, and we are gohas grown from 31,000 to nearly half a million, ing up into the new year with the heaviest curwhile the contributions of these churches and of tailments that have ever been known in our misthe missions, schools and hospitals have grown sionary history. . . . .. If the Church will return from $42,000 to nearly $3,000,000; the Sabbath to the level of giving in 1931-32, which is well school scholars from 29,000 to over 600,000; within its power, all deficiency can be cleared while the precarious financial basis of the Board away, and we can move toward a restoration of in capital funds of $300,000 is replaced now by the work and a courageous acceptance of the imendowment and reserve funds of over $14,000,000. mense opportunities which are open on every And over all is the indisputable seal of the bless- hand. ing of God. This is the account of its stewardship which the Board has to render at the end of these It would not be candid to refrain from speakforty years ….. _ ing of other grave difficulties which the year has I have seen through these years the scrupulous brought. The Report of the Appraisal Commiscare and the unselfish fidelity of the men and sion of the Laymen's Foreign Missions Inquiry has occasioned the deepest concern, with the pro- posal which it has made, and which it is impos- • From an address given at the General Assembly of the Presby- sible for our Church and its Board to accept, af- terian Church, U. S. A., in Columbus, Ohio, in May, 1933.

[577 ]

fecting, as it seems to us, the entire basis of the manifestation as here now, and ever more and missionary enterprise ….. . more fully revealing itself in the coming of His The fundamental positions on which the mis- Kingdom, as others believe and as I believe, too, sionary work of our Church rests are clear and who can miss the great signs of His working immovable. Methods may change and organiza- throughout the world today under the profound tions and policies are always open to alteration and revolutionary changes that are taking place and improvement, but the fundamental message inside the great religions of the non-Christian of the New Testament and the central principles world?

of the'missionary enterprise are unalterable ….. In the very citadels of the old religions, radical In the matter of evangelism, both by itself and transformations are taking place. Men are tak- in relation to all other forms of work, in the mat- ing over more and more the Christian conception ter of the place of the Church and of prayer and of God, his personality, his immanence, his tran- of the Holy Spirit and of the supernatural nature scendence, his holiness, his love, his revelation in of the Gospel and the forces that are within it, the Bible. More and more across the world men the Board stands squarely on the evangelical con- are recognizing the moral supremacy and author- victions and on the confessional faith of the ity of Christ. More and more, men feel the duty Church ….. . of those great obligations of human sympathy and A Year of Blessing service which, whether they recognize it or not, originated with Christ and live by his Spirit. In Difficult as the past year has been, it has yet China, for example, in the great famine of 1920been a bright and glorious year. 21, the Chinese people themselves gave less than two-thirds of the $37,000,000 spent in famine re- In the first place, only by God's blessing has lief, while eleven years later in the Yangtze flood our foreign missionary work been upheld in the marvelous and miraculous way in which it has relief the Chinese gave more than nineteen-twenbeen sustained. There are those who say that our foreign mission work is distrusted and that tieths of the $73,000,000 which was administered. this accounts for the falling off in contributions. What made this change? Nothing but the seep- How then is it explained that this work has suf- age of the unrecognized influence of Christ into the thought of the nation. fered less proportionately than any of the other And the Christian conception of the place of work of the Church, and has suffered less than woman is year by year permeating the social that of almost any other denomination or mission:- ary agency? ….. . ideals of all the races. Noone can exaggerate the significance in India of the remarkable census We thank God for the courage and faith of the fact of the literacy among Christian women, missionaries who have joyfully met the difficul- twenty times the ratio in the general population; ties of the situation and who are ready to make fifteen times the Moslem ratio; and thirty times any sacrifice that the work may go on. No graver the Hindu ratio. All this does not mean that the wrong could be done than to represent the mis- world is now accepting Christ nor that these resionaries of our Church as evangelically untrust- ligions are moribund; nor does it mean that nonworthy. They are as faithful, true and devoted a Christian religions are to be converted into body as the Church possesses ….. . Christianity. In these religions, as in individual life, there must be, with whatever continuance, It has been a year in which we have rejoiced in that real breach with the past and that supernat- Christ's presence. He has been in our counsels in ural renewal which the New Testament lays down the home Church. We have been conscious of His as indispensable for individuals and for societies. presence day by day in the offices of the Board as These changes that are taking place are not equivwe have sought, turning neither to the left hand alent to this repentance and renewal but they are nor to the right, to work with Him in His right- evidences of deep changes truthwards which we ful place in the midst. Lonely missionaries have are sure are the mighty workings of God, who by known that He was with them. And I do not know many processes is moving toward the accomplishwhat we would have done in many an hour if we could not have laid our problems and perplexities ment of His purpose to make all the kingdoms of at His feet and have asked 'Him to have only His the earth, whether they be kingdoms of governway and His will with us and with all the missionary work of our Church. And to many of us ment or of thought, the kingdoms of his Son Jesus Christ. when the days were darkest there· was comfort and peace in looking up to the heavens whither The Power of God Manifested He ascended and watching and praying for the Toward the goal of Christ's triumph we believe blessed hope of His glorious appearing. that God is working more clearly and directly in Whether we look for that hope of His personal the missionary enterprise than in any other way, coming, as with all my heart I do, or think of His and, humble though they may be, we are con-

1!J33] LOOKING BACK AND LOOKING FORWARD

vinced that the Christian Churches which are ary direction than anything seen hitherto, and has rising throughout the non-Christian world are been characterized by many of the featurescenters of His power and true members of that some unfavorable as well as favorable – which great body of which Christ is the head, in which marked the great religious awakening in Amerthe walls of division are to be broken down and ica generations ago. The notable thing about the those who are far off are to be brought nigh movement in Korea has been the enlistment of through· the blood of Christ…… They are great numbers of the young men and young womsimple, faithful, New Testament groups, very like en. At the large Bible institutes held throughout the early churches of the first century, with very similar weakness and strength. They are Christ's the Mission about 75 % of those present were little flocks. Among these achievements, which seem small but are immeasurably great, we have under twenty-five years of age ….. . rejoiced this past year in the building by the people in Elat, Africa, of their great brick church, Foreign Missions Go On seating 3,200 and costing $20,000, one-half of which was given by the people themselves whose In spite of every difficulty the number of our average monthly income is $1.50. The church foreign missionaries in active service is the same was dedicated, free of debt, on January 1, 1933, as a year ago, every loss having been replaced; and over 12,000 people were present, many of that communicants reported show a continued whom had walked from twenty-five to -one hun- gain in spite of the fact of the large transfers to dred miles to the service. In another field, Fou- the independent national churches; that Church lassi, there is one white minister for a constit- and Sunday school attendance have increased by uency of 10,271 Christians. Alone he has charge thousands; that more pages of the Bible and of six churches, twelve communion centers, and evangelical literature have been printed than the one hundred and twenty-nine evangelistic points. year before; that, thanks to increased self-sup- Last year, in this district alone, there were 1,539 port, the number of national workers has gained; new confessions of faith in Christ as Saviour and and that the contributions for the support of the Lord. Far away in Islampur, India, another work which have been made on the field have far church was dedicated with 2,000 present. By love exceeded the appropriations (for national workand patience the long unyielding opposition of the ers) which have been sent from the Church at community has been worn down and the whole home. town rejoices now in the church as its noblest building. Foreign missions will go on. Their form may change and the methods and processes of evan- Deepest of all the works of God, however, is gelization may alter, but the basis on which the always the transformation wrought by his Spirit true missionary enterprise of the Church rests is in individual lives. Many of the Christians of impregnable. these non-Christian lands are but as little children, immature, as yet, in faith and character, More than eighty years ago the immovable but it is a fair question to ask whether in sacri- grounds of the missionary enterprise were stated fice and devotion and true faith in God and true in the first Manual of the Board by John C. loving of Christ they are not the full peers of our Lowrie: Christians at home. Among them there are giant figures, able, powerful, consecrated. These Chris- 1. The origin of the missionary cause in the eternal love tians stand out more and more as the leaders of and purpose of God. their lands. Only one in a thousand of the population of China is Christian today, but in China's 2. The commandment of our Lord. "Who's Who" one in every six is connected with 3. The example of the primitive Church. the Christian cause. Throughout the mission field, 4. The benevolent nature of the Christian religion. in spite of many adversaries and every difficulty 5. The spiritual condition of man without the Gospel. and hindrance, the number of churches and the 6. The events of providence in our day. number of Christians have grown. The last 7. The seal of the Holy Spirit. census of India reported the continued growth of 8. The certainty of final success. the Christian community, outdistancing all others in its rate of increase and gaining every year on Here we stand on the rock of Christ Jesus, the the total population. one and only foundation, and here we build, and all that is built here is to be indestructible and Both in China and in Chosen there have been universal. . . . .. We welcome all the signs of the evangelistic movements of an exceptional char- times and the evidence of the progress of the acter. In China the revival has been more indig- Church, but our trust is in God and his promises enous and more independent of foreign mission- and his invincible will that his Son is to be Lord of all and that every knee in heaven and on earth and under the earth is to bow to Him.

The world-wide work will go on because there is still need for it.

All over the world the hearts of men are dis- contented with the old satisfactions and are open to hear, whether they will accept or reject, the

truth that the Christian Church is to bear. As a spirit of one whose contribution was sent to us South American woman said, rej ecting the past, only a few weeks ago: a woman in Oklahoma "Soy campo libre-I am a free field" ….. . dying of cancer, whose last happiness was to give the ten-dollar gold piece which had been bound Let there be no more delay. Let us not be di- on the wrist of a baby daughter who had died of vided and let us not be diverted, by any voice, smallpox sixteen years before, and who in her from the primary task to which our Lord is call- poverty and pain wished to pass on this sacred ing us and for which the world has waited too gift to the Saviour's cause before she looked upon long. "I am sorry I cannot help you now," said the Saviour's face. Dr. Henke, of Shuntehfu, to an old blind woman whose sight might have been helped in earlier The work will go on and it can be accomplished years. "I cannot help you now; it is too bad that in God's will whenever the Church will accept His you have come so late. Why did you not come will as her own, and in the unity and love of earlier?" And the old woman replied, "Why, Christ make it her meat and drink to obey Him. doctor, I have been here all the time; it is you The noble deliverance, sent out by the Assembly who were late." of 1833, just one hundred years ago, appealed to the whole Church for prayer and obedience: We Can-Will We? The great spiritual object is an union of hearts, and We need not fear that young men and women of unfeigned, ardent, and repeated aspirations, supplicawill not be willing to give their lives. More can- tions, and intercessions at the throne of eternal mercy, didates are available than we can send, and they through the prevalent intercession of the great Mediator are young men and women who believe the Gos- and Advocate of His people there, that the Holy Spirit pel and who want to give their lives to making may come down in a copious effusion of His special, new- Christ known. creating, soul-saving influence, for the conversion of the world to God-for the consolation, encouragement, and It is preposterous to hold that the Church is abundant success of the missionaries who are now in the unable to provide funds. Our people spend their field of labor; for raising up, qualifying, sending forth, full share of the national amusement bill, which and blessing the labors of additional missionaries-a host is more than $1,000,000,000 annually; their full of apostolic, devoted, self-sacrificing men, into aU heathen share of the bill of nearly $2,000,000,000 for lands, …… and generally for a rich divine blessing on all candy and corresponding luxuries; more than the benevolent and Christian associations, plans, and exer- $2,000,000,000 for tobacco, and $12,000,000,000 tions which characterize and are the glory of the day in for automobiles. It is not a question as to whether which we have our lot in life. or not we have the money, even in these times of depression. The issue is purely one of devotion This was the appeal of our fathers to the and sacrifice. What would not happen if through Church three generations ago. It is their appeal the Church generally there might spread the to us, their children's children, now. Into this union of hearts and this consecration of life may the Spirit of God lead us today.

BETTER MEN OR BETTER METHODS By E. M. ROUNDS, Chicago, Illinois We are constantly on a stretch to devise new methods, new plans, new organizations to advance the Church and secure enlargement and efficiency for the Gospel. This trend has a tendency to sink the man in the plan or organization. Men are God's method. The Church is looking for better meth- ods; God is looking for better men.

What the Church needs today is not more or better machinery, not new organizations or more novel methods, but men and women whom the Holy Spirit can use-men mighty in prayer. The Holy Spirit does not flow through methods, but through men. He does not anoint plans, but men-men of prayer.

Prayer, as a mere habit, as a performance gone through by routine or in a professional way, is dead. Such praying has no connection with true prayer. We are stressing prayer which sets on fire every high element of the Christian's being-prayer which is born of vital oneness with Christ and the fullnes,s of the Holy Spirit, which springs from deep, overflowing compassion, from solicitude for man's eternal good; a consuming zeal for the glory of God; a thorough conviction as to difficult and delicate work, and of the imperative need of God's mighty power.

It is prayer force which makes saints. Holy characters are formed by the power of real praying. The more there are of true saints, the more there is of praying; the more praying the more true saints.

More time and early hours for prayer will act like magic to revive and invigorate many a spir- itual life. A holy life would not be so rare a thing if our time with God were not so short and hurried.

To pray well requires calmness, time, and deliberation. True praying brings the largest and best results. We cannot do too much of real praying. We must learn anew the worth of prayer, enter anew the school of prayer.

Glad Tidings-Today

-4&( By MRS. HENRY w. PEABODY, Orlando, Florida AMISSIONARY in India has asked some interest- which endeavors to bring "good news from far coun- ing questions regarding the reason for decrease tries." There are thirsty souls in the churches today in missionary giving by the home churches. who need to know this news. Without doubt the financial depression accounts for much of thi,s decrease but another reason is a lack of My recommendation would be that the Foreign Misfaith. We still try to "raise" money instead of bring- sions Conference and the Federation .of Woman's ing it into the treasury in answer to prayer. After Boards of Foreign Missions cooperate in a radio half the report of the Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry hour once a week for crisp, effective news items from it is not strange that many have lost faith in some the mission fields – not statistics nor estimates, but missionaries and their methods as set fortli in that brief stories of spiritual victories and thrilling adven- Report. It is in the Word of God that we find au- tures which missionaries can provide. There are thority for the true purpose and plan of the foreign people who can give over the radio the facts from mission enterprise. foreign mission fields in a way that will outdo Lowell Thomas or the gentlemen who advertise "Blue Sunoco" Modern rationalism and materialism have sown seeds and "Pepsodent." There are foreign-born Christian of unbelief and distrust. Many of the colleges and students in America who would be heard with delight. even some theological seminaries in America attack If half the period could be given to stories for boys and the supernatural and teach skepticism. If, a,s some girls, fathers too would listen in even if they fail to apsay, the Bible i,s largely an ancient myth, why trouble preciate high-brow secretaries and mISSIOnaries. to export it as the basis for a universal faith? The National Broadcast will give aid if we can present living material from the African Trail, the Heart of Some question the policies of their mission boards China, the Multitudes of India, the Island World. and demand more spiritual leadership and less expense In every town and city the churches should also rein administration. Others object to the inclusive deem one or two columns each week in the leading method which would unite in the denominational newspapers. Editors will gladly take well-written, boards, both "modernists" and "fundamentalists." interesting news – really more important than "con- They do not belong together in belief or method. tract bridge" or sport news, or society patter. The daily papers do this for the clubs and would respond Another reason for decrease in missionary interest to a strong committee of men and women from the and gifts is, we believe, the removal of initiative and churches who would claim at least an opportunity responsibility from the women of the Church. The once a week for living, vital, spiritual world news and women, through their own societies, gave definitely to adventure furnished by experts. the work on the foreign field for women and children, securing large sums of money through small individual The fact is people do not know – and the missionary gifts. In certain boards, women made their budget in organizations do not tell them – the inspiring, gloterms of work as well as money. Each state took its rious victories. These should be told in the popular share in each field and department of work; medical, vernacular and through general news channels. In educational, or evangelistic. The women were loyal fact, we of the churches are "dumb" in more than one to their mi·ssionaries and their needs and entered sense. People do not want sermons or dogmatic therather unwillingly into the mergers of boards in which ology or denominational propaganda but they would men delight. As a result of these mergers, the gifts listen to vital missionary world news over radio and of women have dropped 50% in some cases. Budgets through the press. are uninteresting and mechanical but can and must be made alive and interesting for women and children. The very first message on the air was from a Heav- Women pray better for missionaries and their work enly announcer who proclaimed, "Good Tidings of than they do for budgets and deficits! Great Joy to All People." Then came that glorious symphony from the Heavenly broadcast: "Glory to Another great reason for a lack of interest and God in the Highest, and on Earth, Peace, Good Will funds is the fact that foreign missions have no ade- Toward Men." If, on Christmas Day, 1933, Christians quate publicity program. They have no "press agent," could renew that Heavenly broadcast to all nations no radio. The greatest adventure in the world, the and in all nations) we might win thousands to a real most splendid heroism and sacrifice, the only success- belief in God's plan for the world, presented through ful internationaJi.sm – the victories of the Cross of His Son Jesus Christ, who came to offer life to those Christ – are not widely published so as to be brought "of all nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues" generally before the public. We fail to support the – the only universal religion. one magazine. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, [581 ]

for Present

Universal Bible Sunday December 10, 1933 By the REV. GEORGE WILLIAM BROWN, D.D., I New York Ja..- General Sene/ary, American Bible Society W E THUMB the dictionary in vain these We turn to the pages of the Sacred Scriptures, days to find adjectives capable of describ- describing the leaderless days of Israel following ing adequately the conditions in which we the death of Moses, and we find God in that dark are now living. Our experiences late in 1929 were hour lifting up a new leader and fortifying him referred to as hectic. But as we entered "1930 the with these words: "Be strong and of good cour- assurance came from somewhere that the situa- age; be not afraid, neither be thou discouraged: tion was only temporary. As month after month for the Lord thy God is with thee."

passed and the prosperity "around the corner" We review the life of David so fraught with dan- failed to materialize we spoke of the situation as gers and vicissitudes, oppressed by King Saul and grave. With the complexities introduced by the deserted by his own son, Absolom, and at the end German financial crisis in the summer of 1931 we of it all we read his great testimonial on the cer- became accustomed to referring to the outlook as tainty of God: "He hath made with me an ever- serious. Successively it became unparalled, un- lasting covenant, ordered in all things and sure."

precedented, and ultimately indescribable. Never We read the reflections of that great prophet, were the hymnist's words more appropriate: Isaiah, as he observed dynasties rise and fall and We are living, we are dwelling, as he watched Israel moving toward its nadir: In a grand and awful time. "But they that wait upon the Lord shall renew What the remedy for the world's ills is none their strength; they shall mount up with wings will be presumptuous enough to say. Whether it as eagles; they shall run, and not be weary; and is education, changes in government, revision of they shall walk, and not faint."

international relationships, leveling of tariff walls, We turn to passages of the New Testament fa- codes, or what not, depends upon whom one en- miliarizing ourselves afresh with the harrassed gages in conversation. experiences of St. Paul who knew first hand the The American Bible Society has one conviction discouragement of opposition. Weare heartened on the subject and because of th~t conviction the when we find him writing to the Corinthians: Society is promoting Universal Bible Sunday this "We are troubled on every side, yet not distressed; year with more than ordinary zeal. The convic- we are perplexed, but not in despair; persecuted, tion is that amid the perplexities in which the but not forsaken; cast down, but not destroyed."

world is moving there may be found in the Scrip- It is the messages and words of our Lord how- tures both principles and a spirit sufficiently il- ever that inspirit us most when we feel oppressed luminative to guide us into a more satisfactory by that darkness with which the depression has order of living. encompassed us: "Fear not, little flock; for it is For the observance of Universal Bible Sunday your Father's good pleasure to give you the King- (Sunday, December 10) the theme suggested is dom"; and again: "Let not your heart be trou- "The Light Shineth in Darkness" (John 1: 5). In bled; believe in God, believe also in me."

the darkness of these days the gracious and ever- Universal Bible Sunday aims at directing the meaningful messages of Holy Scripture shine attention of church-going Christians to the central forth with a peculiarly penetrating brilliance. place which the Scriptures occupy in the Chris- There are rays of light which reflect comfort-for tian faith. Its observance assures Bible lovers the discouraged, for the dismayed, for the weary. that "the light shining in darkness" will lead From the Book there comes illuminating counsel- thoughtful, sincere followers of our Lord to draw to guide youth, to embolden the middle-aged, and upon the resources of Scripture available for the to sustain the elderly. From the chapters of the strengthening of character and for the enriching Bible there streams forth a light challenging the of those personal qualities which make men equal believer to stand steady, to persist, to adventure. to hard days.

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A Voice from a Peruvian

By JOHN A. MACKAY, New York -461 Author of "The Other SPanish Christ"; Secretary of the Board jat- of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

N o LONGER a traveler and an actor, I begin On the eve of the funeral, Lima lived at deadly to recall, spectator-wise, the scenes and im- tension. Something sinister was in the air. From pressions of the past months in South different well-informed circles came the news of America. They come before me more vividly than the fateful event which was in store for the followever, and I set down some of the chief of them, ing day. Mutual friends pled with me to do someallowing reflection to play upon the ever-changing thing if I could. What I did it would not be wise to tell in detail, but following a midnight interscene. view with one of the leading politicians in Peru, a The even tenor of my visit to Lima was broken bitter personal enemy of Haya de la Torre, but a man who had always professed great friendship into by a tragic event. It was an April Sunday for me, a direct appeal was sent to the Peruvian about noon. President Sanchez Cerro -was re- Government by another powerful friend, and as a turning to the palace, after having reviewed a result the tragedy was forestalled. Exceptional body of young recruits who were being drilled to precautions were taken the next day, and the go to war with Colombia. He was leaving the funeral passed off in perfect quiet. Haya de la race course in an open car, when a young man, in Torre was saved. The day following I left for the guise of a biscuit vendor, shot him fatally Chile. from behind. The partisans of the dead President cried for vengeance. They were sure that it was a political murder. The person mainly responsible Why refer to this incident? Because the prinmust surely be the President's chief political op- cipal person involved has a unique significance in ponent, then lying in the penitentiary of Lima, the present-day life of South America. It is no awaiting a trial which was never coming off. exaggeration to say that Haya de la Torre, now Their first thought was to have this man killed in thirty-seven years of age, is the most outstanding prison. Calmer counsels prevailed, but during the and best-known figure of the generation between next few days, the sentiment of the masses was thirty and forty in the whole of Latin America. fanned into flame as thousands filed day by day Shortly after his exile from Peru, in 1923, he in front of the bier of the murdered President. A visited the Soviet Republic. He went to study plot was hatched to allow the mob to get out of communism and was given special facilities to see hand on the day of the funeral and to storm the everything from the Neva to the Volga. When he penitentiary building, with a view to lynching the left Russia, he retained his social radicalism and political prisoner inside. great human passion, but he definitely renounced The Prisoner communism as a solution of the political and social problems of Latin America. He later studied in It happened that the prisoner in question was the London School of Economics and in Ruskin an old and much loved friend of mine. He had College, Oxford. Banished a second time in the been a teacher in our school, the Anglo-Peruvian course of a visit to Central America, he spent some College. Until his exile from Peru he had lived years in Berlin. It was there I saw him last, in in our home. One evening in 1923, during my ab- the winter of 1929. I had scarcely sat down in his sence on a lecture tour in Chile and Argentina, he lodging in Charlottenburg, when he took down left the house with the Yale latch key in his pocket from a shelf a Spanish Bible. It was marked and never returned until he came back from throughout. "Look," he said, "the next book I am Europe eight years later, a candidate for the going to write on South America is to be full of Presidency of the republic. In one of the most quotations from the Bible." I remembered one of remarkable elections in the history of Peru, Haya the first days when we had talked about religion de la Torre almost reached the Presidency, but his as we roved together among the rocks of the Perufailure to get quite there exposed him inevitably vian coast. He and a group of fellow-students to the relentless, classic ire of his opponents. Be- were then giving themselves most self-sacrificingly cause of his alleged connivance in a revolutionary to the education and welfare of the masses among plot, he was imprisoned and his party dissolved his own countrymen. and persecuted.

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"For me to say 'God,' " he said, "is to experience Beyond Gandhi and Lenine a sensation of nausea in my mouth." Listen to this other passage: "Why?" I asked in deep surprise. "Because that name has been associated in my I am not a desperado, and though I feel that I am the victim of many, many mistakes, mostly of them not mine, mind from boyhood with things that are vile and I am not angry nor bitter at anybody. Besides, after I unjust, with attitudes which I feel I must give my know the terrible fate of many of my comrades I am even life to combat." proud of my sufferings for I believe that I get my share In the interval since that time, a profound in the sufferings of all of them. Still, if I did not know change had passed over Haya de la Torre. He that my life is necessary to the Party, I had rather liked had come to realize that religion was basic for to die with them. Only one glory I am envious of: that personal and social life. that our martyrs have got! My greatest ambition is to die as they did and if I did not know that I must still live and From Behind Iron Bars work, guide and teach, I would be just now the unhappiest of men. But, alas, I have to live!

During the first days of this visit to Lima, be- Our Party needs a great leading work yet. We have to fore the storm broke, I was in touch with myoId clean it of passions, ignorance and indiscipline. We have to make of it a collossal spiritual force in which convictions friend through his sister, the only person allowed and faith, reason and emotions, experience and energy, to visit him in his cell. Everywhere I went I science and vision, should be harmoniously combined. I have a tremendous faith in the destiny of our Party. I heard tales of his doings before he went to prison think that it has all the characteristics of a real wonderful and ere the country began to be turned into a movement. Yet, I believe that it shall bring to this counshambles. But the deepest insight into the soul try and to Latin America the solution of many problems of my friend, as he still was, I got from a couple not only economical and political, but moral and spiritual, of precious letters written on rough paper and in for we are not only sentimental and religious as Gandhi a scarcely legible hand, which had escaped the nor only social and economical as Communism. We have vigilance of the prison censor. I have the feeling the best of both sides, and we must value th~ importance that those letters will prove one day to be historic of each, but without losing the fundamental significance of humanity. Upon this great reality we have to build up documents in the spiritual life of Peru, if not of the edifice of the Party, neither as a fortress nor as a the whole continent. Undoubtedly an entirely church, but like a school in which learning and work new note is struck in the political life of South should open the real way of Justice. But my dear friend, America, a deeply ethical and religious note, like for such a work we need great teachers. Teachers like the warble of a skylark above the earth at dawn. soldiers, soldiers like teachers. Apostles of faith alive and strong "unto death," clean minds and clean bodies, unself- The humble recipient of the two missives was the ishness and mental capacity. I know that what I have done wife of a local evangelical pastor, who, because of is only a very little part of what I could do. That is why her faith in Haya de la Torre, carried to him day I must live and be free for. I don't care for political amafter day for several months food to substitute bition in the low sense of the word. If I knew that I could do my work outside politics I would try. But as a matter his prison fare. Let me quote one or two sig- of fact I did it. My work in the Universidad Popular was nificant paragraphs from these letters. Here is a beginning of the task I am devoted to. But I saw that one written in Haya's own English which he used the work was not complete. In countries like ours you rather than Spanish as a means of security: ought to have the political power, otherwise the political power will be always against you. Besides there is magic Many thanks for your message of the other day. I force in power which attracts people towards it, and when know that many good people are with me …… I shall you use that force for the good your task can be better be very grateful indeed for anything you could do for the achieved. All these considerations may help you to know boy who is so faithful to me. As a matter of fact, he is me better. I should not like to be misund~rstood ….. . the only one I trust without doubt. He is clean in body When I think of the exaltation of the name of Haya de la and soul and serves me as a very good comrade. In this Torre I always think of the chief of our Party, a rather place of spies and traitors, in which even jealousy is doing ideal symbol and never of myself. Even to me the name of its part, he is a wonderful exception. On the most tragical Haya de la Torre is something outside my own person. I days, when everybody was coward enough even to smile think of him as of the chief and I think of myself as a to me, he was brave and loyal, and stood by me at any soldier whose only duty is to be ready to every effort and rate. He has won my gratitude and I think I have the sacrifice for the Party to which I belong. I am, conscious duty of doing for him as much as I can. He is not edu- of my defects and limitations and I fight every day against cated at all but exceedingly intelligent. Therefore, I them. I know that I am neither a genius nor a saint and should like to get some books for him but rather elemen- that there are in the Party many men and women who are tary ones. Perhaps some stories like Robinson Crusoe, the superior to me in many ways. But although I know it I life of Jesus and something about Peruvian history and think that the faith that so many people have put upon mathematics …… I believe that you could do a good thing me as a leader may help very much to keep the unity of in sending here some Protestant literature for the convicts. the Party, and to do the great work that everybody in it 1'hey have almost nothing to read and the majority of must do to achieve our aims. So I extrovert my own perthem are very ignorant. Papers like Ri1rUik may be intro- sonality and I put it to the full service of the common duced on Sundays. You would do a lot of good. I would ideal, but never, never as a pedestal for my own vanity. like to have a Bible. I have only with me a New Testa- All this has to be pointed out to you.

ment. I left my Bible among my books and sometimes I I am sorry that I have to write almost in the dark to miss it very much for I am a regular Bible reader and I avoid surprises. You will read all this with a lens, I like to see again many parts I am devoted to. guess. Forgive my poor style and the awful handwriting

A VOICE FROM A PERUVIAN PRISON

for I must be keeping one ;~ye on the paper and the other that the human problem is spiritual, more deeply on the irons (bars) of my cage to avoid any undesirable than it is economic, he set about disciplining himvisitor. self and moralizing the students and workmen A Party of Youth with whom he dealt. An exiled member of the The party to which Haya de la Torre refers in party, a young Peruvian doctor whom I met in his prison .letter is popularly known as the Apra, Santiago in the month of May, told me, "Those that is to say, La Alianza Popular Revolucionaria only have been willing to follow Haya de la Torre Americana, or being translated into English, "The who have not resented his manly rebukes when Popular Revolutionary Alliance of America." It is they did wrong." Human passion, clear thinking, a party of youth, founded by Haya de la Torre, and self-discipline-these are the principles which between the years 1923 and 1931, while he and animate the most representative men and women in the Apra Party.

Sooner or later this party will come into power in Peru. Great was my surprise that many of the most cultured and best men in the community had become members of it. Mistakes have been made and will be made by this party of youth. But that a new portent has appeared on the political hori- zon of Latin America there is not the slightest doubt. Many an age-long tradition, many a cor- rupting practice, and many a sinister foreign in- fluence, will be affected by its advent into power.

One basic plank in the program of the Apra Party is nationalization of the sources of the country'"

wealth. Another is the effective political unity of WHERE HAYA DE LA TORRE WAS IMPRISONED Latin America in self-defense against every type of foreign imperialism. A third is an attack upon other young Peruvians were exiled in different every form of oppression. No political program countries of Europe and America. During my or practice will ever satisfy the Christian convisit to Lima, I was told by a South American dip- lomat, a man who some years ago was Minister of Foreign Affairs in his own country, that in his opinion, the Apra represented the first political party in South American history which was founded upon clear-cut principles, with a full so- cial and economic program. The members of the Apra study the problems of Peru with great real- ism. They realize that no mere politicians with their classic appetites and ambitions, can ever solve the problems of the country or of the con- tinent as a whole. Each political leader must rep- resent an effective human value. He must be a specialist in some branch. He must above every- thing be a good man. For years, little "cells" of Peruvian exiles, scattered through different coun- THE ARCHBISHOP'S PALACE IN LIMA tries, have been accustomed to meet together for sciousness. Yet, no Christian can fail to be interthe study of social, political and ethical problems. ested in the approximate application of the mind The ideal of the party has been that thinking of Christ to human affairs. should be intense and collective. Their leader wanted to be no mere caudillo of the old type, Freedom and Friends that is to say, he had no desire that everything A word in closing about Haya de la Torre's atti- should center in his own person. He wanted great tude toward religion. His love of the Bible is apprinciples to grip the mind of his henchmen. It parent. A photograph upon my desk is symbolic was also his ambition from the first to give them of his sympathy. While I was visiting mission an immaculate example as a man. From the stations in the wilds of Matto Grosso during June moment that he caught the vision of his country's and July, Haya de la Torre was set at liberty. On needs, and of what he felt he was being called in reaching New York I had confirmation of the Providence to do, he began to prepare himself good news and what was my joy to find the photo- morally and physically for his task. Realizing graph here reproduced. MyoId friend, seated in

the midst of a group of dear faces! On his right, casion to some representatives of the Evangelical the noble woman, who at a great personal sacri- m'ovement in Peru that when they came into fice, sent him his daily food during many months power, evangelicals would have special privileges, of his imprisonment. On his left, her husband, an the latter promptly replied that they wanted none, evangelical pastor in Lima, and around them other saying: members of the evangelical community and of the Apra Party. Haya de la Torre belongs to no reli- "We ask for no more than liberty to worship gious denomination, but he gladly calls himself a God according to our conscience and to carryon Christian. Among the members of the evangelical our religious work with utter freedom; and we community he has found many friends and sup- ask that other faiths shall have the same priviporters. They have followed him and believed in lege." him, not for political reasons, but because of what he stands for. That being so, the significance of this picture is not political but spiritual. It is a union of hearts When a group of Apra leaders said on one oc- in a great cause, inspired by the Book of Books, and aimed at the good of men.

"IF" FOR MISSIONARIES* POEMS BY CHRISTIAN LEPERS (With apologies to Rudyard Kipling) Government Hospital,* Oshima, Japan If you can hear God's call when those about you Interpreted by LOIS J. ERICKSON, Takamatsu, Japan Are urging other calls and claims on you; AT EASTER-TIDE If you can trust the Lord when others doubt you, Certain that He will guide in all you do; Lilies abloom, And in my heart no room If you can keep your purpose with clear vision, Except for thoughts of Him who conquered Death. Bear lack of sympathy, yet sympathize Upon this Easter morn, With those who fail to understand your mission, Afresh, oh, all afresh, Glimpsing His world-task through Christ's own His grace in me is born, eyes; And my dumb heart cries out to sing His praise, On this, If you can work in harmony with others, His Day of Days! Yet never lose your own distinctive aim, -Takamoto. Mindful that ever among Christian brothers Methods and plans are often not the same; Star, Shine on the world in its woe; If you can see your cherished plans defeated, Gleam through the dark where I go, And tactfully and bravely hold your peace; Sweet Star of Love! And be undaunted when unfairly treated- -Takamoto. Praying that love and good will may increase; If you can trust to native Christian brethren Whatever I may do, The Church you've built in lands across the sea, Always, always, My thoughts still dwell upon Seeing in them, as growing children, The True God's grace. Promises of the men that are to be; Body and soul If you can lead these eager weak beginners Arising, soar, By patient loving care, by life, by prayer; Knowing those depths of grace Forevermore! For failures and mistakes not judge as sinners, But make their growth in grace your earnest -"Kyogetsu." care; I would not change one little jot If you can share with humblest folk your virtue; Of His dear will for me; If nobler souls are richer for your touch; But in my weakness I would go, If neither slights nor adoration hurt you; Entrusting all my load of woe If "all men count with you, but none too much" ; To Him Who walks with me. If you can fill your most discouraged minute -Kanda Keizo. With sixty seconds' worth of patience true; * There are four hundred patients at this hospital, about eighty Yours is the task with all the challenge in it; You'll be a missionary-through and through. of whom are Christians. One of these patients, Nagata, has pub- lished three books which are widely known among Japanese Chris- * From The Bible for C11dna. tians.

Cross and the Christian Message*

By the Late W. H. TEMPLE GAIRDNER, of Cairo, Egypt f.Jt-.- Formerly Missionary of the Church Missionary Society This matter (i. e., the Crucifixion and Death of Jesus inaugurated and initiated. The Kingdom of God: Christ) has no importance in the Christian religion, which that spiritual regime, dynamic in its wh~le scope, mis~nionthfeaicstm,a nd in itself, a religion for the inculcation of which could only be entered by a new bIrth, and mora lity and ethics, like the Mohammedan was organically related to Himself as Mes.siah- and Jewish religions.-From a Cairo newspaper.

C HR"ISTIANITY is indeed a religion that "anointed King." This at once makes ChrIst not "inCUlcates monotheism, morality and eth- merely a prophet, but a power. ics." Jesus proclaimed one God; set forth a new ethic-a type utterly different from the The cross and death came last (necessarily). Law set forth by the Mohammedan and Jewish There was a gradual leading up to that supreme faiths. Christianity taught a personal and social denouement. These facts do not prove that the morality so high that, though it stands firmly on cross and death of Christ "have no importance." earth, it yet reaches to the heaven of heavens. Merely to put the matter so shows the absurdity But that was not the whole of the work of Jesus, nor the whole of the Good News which He her- of the contention. As well say that the final scene alded. It was not even the most wonderful or in some supreme drama has no importance bemost essential part of what He came to accomplish. If that had been all, it is possible that no cause the preparation for it was veiled, and .beprophet would have followed those of the Old Tes- cause, when it comes, it startles! Even the veIled tament: or if one had to follow, in order to put the finishing touches on "monotheism, morality allusions to the cross in the early stages have a and ethics," he would not have been Jesus Christ. significance which proves the importance of the The real work of Jesus Christ was to introduce into the world-to make available for humanity climax. -a fund of life capable of producing as fruit this There were two reasons why those early stages "morality and ethics" indefinitely, all down the ages until the dawn of eternity. What Jesus did only contain allusions. First, the time had not was' even more wonderful, more precious and come for more than this. The train of events more necessary than what He taught. Thereby which swept on towards the supreme event had the soul is enabled to penetrate to the heart of that "One God" and bring forth the fruit of that not become clearly defined as yet. Jesus knew the "morality and' ethics," a nobler name for which issue and dropped hints,t and His disciples after is-holiness. He had risen from the dead "remembered" that During the first stage of the mission of Jesus, He had spoken thus, and from this w;re able to before it was ripe to disclose the supreme subject gauge the "importance" of that at WhICh He had of the crucifixion and death – in that first stage hinted so gravely and significantly. Jesus did teach monotheism, morality and ethics. But what a monotheism-the revelation of a Fa- The second reason was that His own disciples ther-creator! And what an ethic-the spiritual were not ready for the shock of the heart-shaking, "New Law" of love: and what a morality-the new spiritual ideals of the Sermon on the Mount! stupendous announcement-the announcement of But even in this He was not speaking as a moral a dreadful death by public, criminal execution! philosopher, nor as a theological teacher; not as Such an announcement was psychologically ima social reformer, nor as a warning preacher, no, nor even as a prophet and apostle. He did so as possible until their acquaintance with Him and the One by whom and in whom at the end of trust in Him had reached a very advanced stage. The Master spent a whole year, probably two years, with that little baI.1d of pupils! te,~chi?g the new message of the Kmgdom and Its ethICS and morality," the new message of "mon?theism" and its Fatherhood, but above all teac~llng them to trust Him, teaching them His a~thorlty (M~tt. 7: 29) and His utter trus~worthmess, .te~~hmg them, in one word, "to belIeve upon HIm. At the end of this period He continually tested. those pupils to see whether they had learned thIS ele- time, "The Kingdom of God" was being declared, t E g John 2' 19-"DestrOy this temple and in et h r~e:,erp<elnatysI. III will raise 'It ·;'P." John 3: 14-"As Moses lifted .up th .the • Condensed from the Moslem World. This is a translation .of the Arabic original written by the late Canon W. H. Temple Galrdner wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lI.fted up: -!'ohn 6. 51 in t.he Orient and Occndent. "He being dead yet speaketh."-Editor. -"The bread that I will give is my flesh, which. I WIll gIve for the life of the world." Luke 5: 35-"The days Will come when the bridegroom shall be taken away."

[587 ]

mentary yet all-important lesson. "Whom think on the Mount; for His task was not merely to ye that I am?" He asked. It was a truly sublime teach, but to inspire, so that they should also live act of faith and personal trust when Peter, thus and act thus, and so accomplish the warfare speaking for himself and his comrades, said "Thou and victory of the Kingdom under His leadership. art the Messiah," that is to say, God's anointed King, the Head of the Kingdom of God in heaven The first impression on the disciples, as on and on earth (Matt. 16: 16): so sublime was it Saul later, and as on anyone of us if we consider that Jesus said that it was by veritable inspira- the violence of the contrast-was of utter contration from God Almighty that Peter had risen to diction, impossibility, unreconcilability of the this height. Mark now what followed. The anx- death of Jesus. Messiah-King …. crucified! How ious moment had been passed: the class had could all that is glorious be made compatible with graduated: their personal faith in the Master all that is shameful: how could essential victory had been vindicated against a whole little world tioin itself to essential defeat? And this first imof men: so they were now in a position to be pression they never got over during His days on initiated into the supreme secret, into the deep, earth-it was too overmastering, too overwhelmthe tragic mystery, which before could only have ing. shocked and paralyzed and scandalized them. And therefore we read immediately following on But the second impression was that which con- Peter's rapturous confession and Jesus' rapturous quered them later, and independently conquered reception of it, "from that time forth began Jesus Saul, the great Apostle of the Gentiles, that the to show unto His disciples how that He must go very greatness of the paradox was the measure up to Jerusalem, and suffer many things of the of the greatness of its power, that the riddle elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, "a crucified Messiah" was the key to all the ridand be raised again the third day"! dles and all the mysteries of time and eternity. And thus it became to them, as it was in fact, The careful study of these words, their context the central dynamic of the Kingdom of God on and their place in the narrative, do two things; earth. When the Messiah-King was crucified, the first they explain why Jesus' explicit teaching of universe was darkened, the angels hid their faces, His death and resurrection was deferred a little, the powers of heaven held breath: but in the though it was hinted at and foreshadowed long impact, the power was engendered which is before that; and .second, they demonstrate that enough to save a world of men, to restore a unithat teaching was at the very core and center of verse to God. The supreme event in the career His whole message, the very goal to which His of the Supreme Being of the ages could not but whole life and work were tending; it was the have supreme significance and supreme power. secret that was surpassing the scope of human understanding that it could only be confided to Jesus plainly taught all this in a parable which ears prepared for it. It was the pearl so precious He set forth to leaders of the nation just before that its owner could not risk lending it to the their rejection and betrayal of Him. It is one of careless or the unworthy. the deepest and most far-reaching of the parables (Mk. 12: 1-12). lIn this parable the world is The Messiah King likened to land which is being gradually reduced to cultivation: the center of cultivation is a vine- "The Kingdom of God" as preached by Jesus is yard-the Kingdom of God: God is represented an organization with its roots in the unseen world as the owner of the vineyard; He sends slave and with its appearance and action on earth; a after slave (prophets) to the tenants (the Jewish spiritual organization therefore, composed of re- people) who have been working the vineyard, to newed men and women; entered not by the door collect the rent of the place entrusted to them; of physical birth, but by the door of re-birth, spir- they refuse, rejecting one, stoning another, killing itual rebirth; with the Messiah-King as head of a third: slave succeeds slave (note well that each that organization, He being the complete revela- is a "prophet." …. And now the greatest of them tion of unseen Deity. Such was the Kingdom has come and gone ….. "Having therefore one which this Messiah-King came to found on earth, Son, His well-beloved" (Son-not "slave" therein the fullness of time. He came and the King- fore not "prophet"-in a different category altodom was inaugurated-inaugurated with mighty gether) He sent Him. This, in the interpretation, and wonderful signs of power, with marvellous, is none other than the Messiah-King, the head of divine, and new-penetrating teachings, and with the Kingdom of God. The Unseen One had said, the greatest miracle of all, a perfect; holy, human "They will reverence Him!" But no, they killed life (His own), pouring forth into the world a Him too and cast Him out of the vineyard. Oh ceaseless river of love,. and acts of mercy, and ghastly, impossible deed! Must it not either be service of love. He lived the principles which He the end of the Kingdom of God on earth, or must taught His disciples in such words as the Sermon it not prove the occasion for the supremest mani- festation of divine energy? The conclusion of the

THE CROSS AND THE CHRISTIAN MESSAGE

story tells us which: Jesus drops the allegorical tragedy-always event with significance; nor as form and simply quotes from the Psalms-"The death-tragedy which, by its pang of agony, should stone which the builders rejected has become the bring new life to birth. Glance at some of the headstone of the corner: this is the Lord's doing profound utterances in which He gave this and it is marvellous in our eyes." The reader thought words: doubtless appreciates the crashing force of these "/ am the bread of life. And the bread that / words. The last scene in the tragedy of the vine- will give is my flesh, which / will give for the life yard was not a torn, defiled body lying in the of the world." t dust in the rough ground outside that vineyard. There is to be a laying down of life; a sac- It was a glorified renewal of life and power: the rifice of living flesh; a consequent life-giving to vindication of that Messiah-King. And so we see that .the very violence of the dark riddle paradox a world of men. "a crucified Messiah" (see 1 Cor. 2) carries in Or that word of unplumbed depth and exhaustthe heart of it a very effulgence of light. Defeat on this scale meant victory, final and infinite: ed application, a favorite saying of His, six times divine power, released without limit, eternally recorded in our records on at least four separate occasions: "He that loseth his life shall gain it": available. -First applied to Himself just after He had warned the disciples for the first time of the im- Jesus' early teaching about "The Kingdom of pending martyrdom. God" at once takes you far beyond the position "Except a corn of wheat fall into the ground represented by these words. Jesus' claim to be and die it abideth alone, but if lit die it bringeth Messiah-King takes you still fUrther beyond it; forth much fruit. He that loveth his life shall and the stupendous claim of "The Messiah-King lose it, and he that loseth his life in this world crucified" takes you immeasurably beyond it. shall keep it unto life eternal.. …. " Jesus had hinted at this tragic climax all along. Once more, a death which should multiply life That stupendous event was, as it were, the dynamo which created and made available a spiritual uncountably manyfold. power that gave to "monotheism" a new signifi- Or again: "/ am the Good Shepherd: the Good cance and transformed "morality and ethics" from a teaching, a theory, a philosophy, into a Shepherd giveth his life for the sheep . …. And / life. It is from this point that we resume. lay down my life for the sheep."

Why comment ?-Except to remind you again that not thus do romancers write, especially if For the Life of the World the event had falsified the anticipation! Or again, "The Son of Man came not to be Twice more in Galilee, ere the Master started on the last long wandering journey that ended in served, but to serve, and to give His life a ran- Jerusalem, did He warn His disciples of what som for many."

was coming.* On one of these occasions He re- Always the same thought, though, as we have seen, the metaphors, vivid as lightning, vary,- minded them of the violent death of John the the shepherd who sacrificed his life-the corn of Baptist, and said that at the same hands at which wheat that was buried beneath the earth-the John suffered should the Head of Humanityt suf- bread that was eaten-the ransom life that was fer also. And on that last journey He returned surrendered: always the same thought-a death, to the theme, time and again. Observe the in- with result of life won for many. imitable irony of one of these warnings: "Nevertheless I must walk today, and tomorrow, and the Finally the series of word-pictures was comday following," i. e., I am safe as long as I am pleted and crowned on the last night of all. At beyond the boundaries of Jerusalem-"For it can- supper, when the eyes of all were fixed on Him, not be that a prophet should perish out of J eru- He caused that heavenly truth which is our theme salem"! We say "inimitable," for we mean that to enter into their minds by eye-gate and not only if a romancer had written up the Gospel in after as formerly by ear-gate; thus :-He took bread days he would not have written thus. No! the and when He had given thanks He broke it and least grain of literary perception assures you that gave it to them saying, "This is my body which this word was really spoken, and was spoken by is given for you" ….. likewise after supper He Jesus. Well then, 0 ye who accept Him at least took the cup, and gave thanks, and gave it to as a prophet, hear and receive the solemn proph- them saying, "Drink ye all of it, for this is my ecy of that your prophet, that He was on His blood of a new covenant, which is shed for many way to perish in Jerusalem. for the redemption of sins."

But it was not as a mere event that Jesus con- Weare here led into the very heart of the templated that Jerusalem tragedy; nor as mere Prophet-King, and the marvel and mystery of His • Matt. 17: 9-13, 22, 23. :j: Actually these words were spoken before the first clear an- nouncement of His death: but they belong, ;md so to speak attncll t Til Jewish phrase "The SOIl of Man," thell1selye~, to t/Jat Occflsion.

work for mankind. And so now we have heard third day! Death, having done its all, could not the words and seen the pictures and watched the hold the Messiah-King. The physical victory of symbolic act-words, pictures and act full of in- death was therefore nullified by the very defeat finite meaning, the meaning which we know….. of the champion who suffered to the uttermost; With hearts and minds full therewith, let us re- for that defeat was moral and spiritual victory; peat slowly the sentence in the Cairo newspaper and that spiritual victory was forthwith maniwith which we started, that its incredible empti- fested and indicated by the resurrection of Him ness may fully appear:- who conquered and by the glorification of the body in which He had suffered. "On the third "This matter has no importance in the Chris- day He rose again," in the fullness of human tian religion, which is, in fact and in itself, a personality, body, soul and spirit. The Son of religion for the inculcation of monotheism, mo- Man, the representative of humanity on this earth rality, and ethics …… " of ours was made fit, while yet on earth, to pass to the glorified state of the eternal, unseen, spir- Surely "the reader" must see what Christ saw itual world. And after a short space He did -and thus strove to let him see! so pass.

Then comes the event itself-the unutterable But in that interval He had "shown Himself deed-the central event of all history, of all time. alive after His passion by many infallible proofs, Our sole comment upon the narrative of the being seen of them forty days, and speaking of passion and death of Christ will be to point out the things pertaining to the Kingdom of God." the proportion it bears to the rest of the narra- And of these things the first and greatest was the tive of the Christian "sira" :-in Matthew one- very theme which we are assured "has no imporsixth, in Mark one-fifth, in Luke one-seventh, in tance in the Christian religion,"-His sufferings John one-third. Such are the proportions given and death. What was the verdict of the triumto the events which occupied as many days as the phant Sufferer upon the significance of those brief rest of the narrative occupied years! Contrast hours? Is it to be supposed that He knew best? this with the space taken by the narratives of the Or he who came six hundred years later? Or death of the great figures of history-an infini- perchance "Readers" in this twentieth century tesimal proportion compared with the rest of the after the event? Did the chief actor pronounce biography-sometimes a single chapter, generally that the event was irrelevant-a mere sadness a paragraph, sometimes only a line or two. Have best forgotten as soon as possible, because past we not in this one fact a sufficient refutation of and traversed and gone; dead, buried and done this false opinion, and a sufficient proof that from with? Hear and judge! the first it was felt and perceived and known that the death of Christ was, on the contrary, aII- On the afternoon of that first day of the week important, all-significant, central, essential? the Risen Christ said to the first two of His dis- ciples with whom He conversed, when He found We have already seen how, before the actual them (not knowing with whom they talked) event, it had so been represented by Jesus Him- dumbfounded, aghast, in despair at the awful self. Suppose now per irnpossibile, that He had debacle of three days before :-"0 fools and slow proved utterly mistaken; that either the event of heart to believe all that the prophets have had failed to eventuate, or having eventuated, shown: had not Messiah to suffer, and so enter had proved without significance, resultless, negli- into His glory? And beginning at Moses and all gible: We put it to all "readers" in the name of the prophets He expounded to them in all the sacred truth, would it have been possible for the Scriptures the things concerning Himself." And recorders to have recorded it at all, or having in the evening, when He went to the whole band, recorded it to record it thus-on this scale and this was still the theme. He said, "Thus it is with this emphasis? Therefore it was recorded written and thus it was necessary for Messiah to with all that wealth of circumstances, that full- suffer and to rise from the dead the third day: ness and yet restraint of feeling, a feeling which and that repentance and remission of sins should would doubtless have been a mere passion of grief be preached in His narne among all nations; and and despair had the tragedy of Calvary been in- ye are witnesses of these things." deed the last scene of the last act, the drop-curtain behind which there is an empty shape-mere "Of these things"-of that death on that Cross darkness, nothingness. of Calvary; the breaking of that body and the shedding of that blood which, as He said on that The Significance of the Event last evening, sanctified the new covenant between God and man, and on the strength of which a But ….. ! This brings us to another division world-wide preaching of repentance and forgiveof our subject; the teaching of the risen, glorified ness was made possible and expressly commanded. Christ Himself concerning the significance of the And that world-wide enterprise, begun by those event.

For as He had promised, He rose again on the

who were "witnesses of these things" is still go- enthusiast headed a fierce reaction that had taken ing, and will go on until the end of this age. place against the new sect. The object was to "Monotheism, ethics, morality"-these existed exterminate it once and for all, while it was still for centuries as the program of the Jewish reli- a small weak weed, and before it had time to gion. If these were really God's only program, grow or spread.

there would never have been a Christianity at all, The most prominent propagator of it seemed to nor a Christ at all. But we see now that what be one Stephen: therefore Stephen was arrested "A Reader" and the many whom he represents and questioned. His reply threw all into such rules out as unimportant, constituted in fact the paroxysms of anger that an explosion took place, whole, specific, entire, intrinsic content of Chris- and a crowd, headed by the witnesses and Saul, tianity! A world-wide "preaching of repentance put Stephen to death by stoning. Saul witnessed and forgiveness of sins in His name" that is, the the last scene. He saw Stephen look steadfastly name of the crucified and glorified Messiah-King. up into heaven, and heard him say these words:- By this the Kingdom of God came with power on "Behold I see the heavens opened arnd the Son of the earth, and a new divine life in that Kingdom Man standing on the right hand of God." Just was made possible for humanity-to all who before his spirit fled, when the stones had beaten should close with God's Christ and receive Him him to his knees, Saul heard him say these last with his whole being, with a passion of gratitude words :-"Lord Jesus, receive my spirit"; and and love, that is, in a word, by faith. "Lord, lay not this sin to their charge."

God's Message Strange, significant, incredible words – and most relevant to the issue between Saul and the We have heard God's message. We have seen sect, but he had no time to think about them. He the risen Messiah-King giving His commission to proceeded into the task of extirpation. This in- the children of the Kingdom, and we have seen volved a journey to Damascus. Just outside the them setting out on their task. But how far did city, the glorified Jesus appeared to him! He saw they reflect on the message they were given to Him, he heard Him. "Who art thou, Lord?" he announce, and what were the results of their cried as the vision of glory blinded him. "I am reflections. Jesus whom thou persecutest," replied the Voice.

They did reflect, by the aid of the Spirit of Stephen was right then! Jesus, though cruci- Messiah which was in them; and the remainder fied, was Messiah after all! This was the mere of the books of "the New Testament" are the fact: it must be accepted, let the interrogation chronicle and record of these reflections and reve- of its meaning come later. Saul did accept it.

lations of that Spirit. And it will not surprise He became a member of the community that ac- us therefore to discover that the central theme of cepted Jesus of Nazareth as glorified Messiah- all their reflections, and of all these books, is pre- King.

cisely that death and glorification of Messiah and But-why crucified? The astounding, the in- the richness of the significance thereof :-What credible paradox of a "crucified Messiah" still re- was it in God and in the nature of things that mained for explanation. After his baptism Saul called for that death; and why its accomplish- went into the deserts alone, and there for nearly ment released the message of God's forgiveness three years he prayed, thought, reflected, opened unto all mankind. his soul to receive the light of God. The light he Recall the history of Saul of Tarsus. This was did receive is recorded for us in those thirteen a young Jew, wholly devoted to his religion of letters of his which you will find after the "Acts "monotheism, ethics and morality"; dissatisfied of the Apostles." We get there the explanation in soul, nevertheless, though he did not attribute of the inner meaning of the death of Christ.

his dissatisfaction to his religion. This young Have you ever looked at a speck of organic man, lately become a graduate, heard during a matter through a microscope? With the naked period of absence from Jerusalem of the event eye you can just see that something is there; but which we have been considering. To him Calvary structure and details are wanting. You place it was the righteous termination of the career of a under the microscope; you focus bright light on pretender and a blasphemer. Thank God, that it; and a little world of perfect structure is re- brief chapter was closed and would soon be cov- vealed. You take it again, or a portion of it, and ered by the oblivion of time. What was his rage place it under a microscope of greater power; a and indignation, therefore, to hear that the fol- higher index of light is focussed on to it; and lowers of the executed criminal had constituted more and more wonderful details appear. And themselves into a sect which asserted that He rose so on until you· have reached your human limit again! that He was alive, glorified! and that He, of magnifying power, but still the inner content after all that had occurred, was Israel's Messiah- of that speck is continuing to unfold in new and King, He and none but He! Instantly this fiery richer detail; clearly you have not nearly come

to the end of it, though you have come to the end essentially in Him. Therefore in the Crucified of your own power of perceiving. All that you Messiah the perfect holiness and perfect love of discovered and more was in the bare speck from God, united, were shown forth, demonstrated to the first: but it was invisible to your limited the whole world on the stage of place and time.

human vision. The message of this was carried everywhere by Exactly so was it in the case of that event- those who received it. And thus mankind per- the death of Messiah. As soon as it became evi- ceived the extent of its sin and the extent of the dent to some that it was the strangest thing that love of God: the nations perceived it: individuals ever happened, it was submitted to examination perceived it: "I" perceived it. It was "for the by the enhanced light and power of God's Holy world," "for me."

Spirit. Immediately the inner richness and con- Therefore the whole work of the individual tent began to appear, and ever more and more. soul, awakened by that sight of the Crucified Mes- The records of all this you will find in the Bible, siah-King, is to surrender to Him, and, in sur- from Acts to Revelation; but with the highest rendering, to lay hold of Him with every faculty that man was capable of, even with the divine of its being and with the uttermost adoration, help, more and still more remained: behind the gratitude and love. This surrender and laying- finite comprehensible, to be comprehended in this hold (and nothing but this) is faith. And the finite world, lay the infinite, to be comprehended deed of God in Christ is grace.

only in the eternal world. Every soul that lays hold becomes, necessarily, What Saul (who became Paul) and others per- a new creation, for he and his Messiah-King be- ceived who looked at the event of Calvary through come united into one. The old life of sin receives the microscope of the Holy Spirit of God, was a death blow, for by his unity with the crucified something like this: Messiah's death was not for Jesus, he is crucified and his sins judged: and by Himself, but for the world, for men, for the his unity with the glorified Jesus he lives a new human race, for each one, "for me." It was "for life of love and holiness: the life of the King- sin"; for the sin of the world, of men, of the dom of God.

human race, of each one, "of me." The sin of Something like this is what Calvary became this sinful race was the barrier against the com- when the event of Calvary was the object: the ing of the Kingdom of God, the barrier between Spirit of God was the microscope, and the above God and man. It had to be forgiven, that is, is a feeble description of part of the expansion removed, put away, so that the Kingdom of God of that object when looked at under the micro- might come, the Kingdom of righteousness, with scope. Not all will be able to see even all this, nothing between God and man, the King and His but they will have the fact itself, Christ crucified, people, the King Father and His children people. and many will be able to see more than this. But This meant a world-wide preaching of repentance the whole of the event will never be known to and forgiveness. anyone in this life.

But how could this be with sin still unjudged, Nevertheless, whether in this life, or in eter- its true character unrecognized by the human nity, and whether for Paul or for the least per- conscience-the justice of its condemnation and ceptive of Christ-lovers, the fact still is always fate still unrealized? What sort of a forgiveness there, Christ crucified, containing, all the time, all would that be? What sort of Kingdom? What its infinite wealth and treasures of meaning and sort of holiness would be attributed to that God? of power for us.

No! Sin must be judged; its true character rec- The statement in the Cairo newspaper was in- ognized by the human conscience; the justice of finitely wrong in saying that this message "had its condemnation and fate realized. That fate was no importance in the Christian religion." The death-a death of condemnation-a death, there- Christian religion does inculcate a monotheism- fore, of darkness and woe. Man could not bear but what a monotheism is revealed by that micro- that, neither could any such demonstration be scope of God's Spirit I-a unity wherein an Eter- demonstrated in him. nal Father loves an Eternal Son by the Eternal But, the Messiah-King, the perfect representa- Spirit of love and holiness. It does inculcate mo- tive of humanity, in His love for man said, "Let rality and ethics-but what morality and what it be demonstrated in me." And God so loved the ethics I-the eternal morality of the Kingdom of world that He gave Him, to become man, for this God-an ethic fulfilled in that love and holiness, purpose. the dynamic of which is the life of God's and All the love and all the holiness of God were humanity's Messiah-King who was crucified and incarnated in His Messiah-King. Yes, God was -lives again for evermore.

A Japanese Thief-Saved to Serve*

How a New Testament Brought Freedom By the REV. H. W. MYERS, Kobe, Japan A Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South l"".. ASASHIRO MURAMATSU was born in Tokyo, nothing further to do with him. Thus at the age in 1863, in an old Samurai family of the of seventeen he was thrown on his own resources, Tokugawa Clan. His father was a Hata- and went out into the world to make his own way.

moto noble in the service of the Shogun until the The next fourteen years make up a dark period overthrow of the Shogunate and the restoration of in his life. We find him in Kobe, Osaka, Kyoto the Emperor in 1868. That period marked as and Tokyo, with no fixed abode, sleeping in the great a change in Asashiro's r==='===========~ lowest dives, and making hi~ personal life as in the affairs of living as a professional gam- the Empire. He was sent with bIer. Sometimes he would be his mother back to her family able to rent an upstairs room in Shizuoka, and had no further with a companion. When luck relation to his father's family. went against him, he would be- The national school system come a hold-up man, demand- had not been organized, the ing money at the point of his only schools being those taught sword.

by the priests in the Buddhist He was caught by the police, temples, and the "Juku" or convicted, and given a term of private schools where the Chi- eighteen months in prison.

nese and Confucian classics Here he twisted straw rope, were taught by the Shinto made straw sandals, pounded priests. At the age of nine the rice and similar work, clad in boy's relatives sent him to the red cotton uniform of a con- study with the priests of the viet. He learned in prison that Kyuenji Buddhist temple. At there were other ways of mak- thirteen he was sent to the ing a crooked living, not so dan- Juku where he was taught by gerous as highway robbery.

such luscious books as the Four Some of his new prison pals Classics and the Five Kings, were adepts at railway theft, the Juhashiraku, the Shiki and and from them he learned the the Saden – in a word, he superiority of this method to studied Kangaku, or Chinese his old ways. One is less liable classics. Like others of the MR. ASASHIRO MURAMATSU to get caught, and when caught Tokugawa retainers, the family the penalty is much lighter.

planned to make him an official of the new regime. On the completion of his term in prison, one of But even the salutary precepts of the Four these new acquaintances, nicknamed Takoichi, Classics often prove insufficient to tame the hot took him home, and initiated him in the art of blood of youth and unable to compete with the "working the trains." Through him Muramatsu seductions of the world, the flesh and the devil. met all the railway "fraternity."

Some of the boys in this "select boarding school" From the age of twenty-one to thirty-one Mr.

became addicted to sake drinking and to secret Muramatsu made his living as a railway thief. At- nocturnal expeditions. They were caught in time, tired as a well-dressed gentleman he traveled from and young Muramatsu and the whole set were ex- one end of the country to the other, from Sendai pelled from the Juku. His chances for an official to Kyushu. He took nothing but money, and never career were gone, and his relatives would have saved anything. He was caught and imprisoned • From Tlta Japan Christian Qual'terly, nine times, and served terms in all prisons of [ 593 ]

Tokyo, Yokohama, Shizuoka, Gifu, Osaka, and last On September 16, 1895, he walked out of prison of all, in Kobe. In each case he was given a light a free man, and a new chapter opened in his life.

sentence, and was soon at work again on the He was met by a number of his old companions trains. who wished to help him celebrate his release; but His last term in prison began when he was he refused their offers, and went off alone to rent thirty-one. Curiously enough, this time he was a room and look for an honest job. Everywhere arrested only on suspicion. He was kept in a large he applied for work when he told his past history room with twelve other suspects. One of these he was promptly refused. It seemed impossible men wrote to his wife for some papers-shorui– to get work in Kobe, so he decided to try Osaka.

to prove his innocence; but his wife, being an un- But he missed the train he intended to take, and educated woman, thought he wanted shomotsu,- while waiting for the next train, he dropped into some book to read. She went to a secondhand the Tamon Church where a service was going on.

book shop, and found there a good-sized book with Here he heard his first Christian sermon. At the "kana" beside the Chinese characters and several close of the service he was given a copy of the maps in it, all for five sen; so she bought this New church paper called The Morning Light, in which Testament and sent it to her husband. All thir- he read that the pastor was at home to visitors teen of the prisoners agreed that it would bring every Monday. So he gave up his trip to Osaka bad luck for them to read this Yaso book, that and called on Mr. Osada, who received him kindly, told how an innocent man had been crucified, talked and prayed with him, kept him for lunch, when they were trying to prove themselves inno- and suggested that he get work with Mr. Ishii at cent. They quoted the proverb, "Sawaranu Kami the Okayama Orphanage. That night he took the ni tatari nashi," which means "Keep God at a dis- boat for Okayama, met Mr. Ishii, was promised a tance and he will never hurt you." position, and returned to Kobe for the necessary Mr. Muramatsu picked up this book through police permit. This permit was at last given and curiosity and began to read it. He had heard that while waiting to get it, Mr. Muramatsu made his the New Testament was read by good people, and home with Mr. Osada.

that it was called a foundation of Western civiliz- Life in the Okayama Orphanage was a severe ation. He read how "Abraham begat Isaac, and test of any man's religion, as it was a time of Isaac begat Jacob," and that did not seem exactly great difficulty. Like George Muller of Bristol, thrilling. But a little further on in the first chap- Mr. Ishii had adopted the policy of making no ter of Matthew he came to the verse, "He shall appeals for outside financial help, making the in- save his people from their sins," and this verse stitution as far as possible self-supporting. The gripped his attention. In the Lord's Prayer he work was hard, the food was insufficient, and caught at the words, "Our Father." And in the there was no pay for the workers. Mr. Muramat- ninth chapter he read the story of the call of Mat- su's work began at 2 a. m., when he went out to thew, where Jesus said, "I am not :come to call the carry water from the river for the three hundred righteous, but sinners to repentance." He bowed children in the institution. Next he made the fires, his head and asked God to help him. took part in the weaving and other work, then Five days later his prayer was answered when helped in the night-school, which lasted till 9 p. m.

an old man of fifty-six, named Kichibyoei Mataki, All this was a hard life for a young gentleman was brought in on suspicion. He was not a Chris- who had never worked voluntarily in his life.

tian, but had read the Bible and attended church, After six weeks of it he was thoroughly disgusted and Christmas had made up his mind to run away. and knew a good deal about the Gospel. He was Just then he found out that some of the little chilsurprised to see a Testament in such a place, and dren were at work unraveling a knitted garment talked to the men about repentance, the cross, the and were knitting some warm woolen socks as a Christian life and salvation. A week later this Christmas present for him. These children had man was released and sent Mr. Muramatsu a Tes- learned the Christian spirit from Mr. Ishii, and tament. The old man was baptized shortly after, now they taught Mr. Muramatsu the same spirit and until his death remained a warm friend of of love. He gave up all thought of running away, Mr. Muramatsu. A Japanese proverb says, "Read and his entire attitude toward his work changed. a book a hundred times and you will understand its meaning." There was much in the Testament This incident brought up the problem of his life that Mr. Muramatsu could not understand, but he work, and Mr. Ishii offered to introduce him to did understand the meaning of repentance and the some business men but he felt the call of God to grace of God, and was converted through the read- Jead others to salvation in Christ. Mr. Ishii ining of this Testament. He then went to court and troduced him to Mr. Yamamuro of the Salvation made a full confession, and was given a sentence Army, who sent him to the Officers' School to preof six months. pare for work in the army. He finished the pre- scribed course in two months, was graduated as a

CHRIST'S RESURRECTION AND MISSIONS

lieutenant, and was given work for released pris- corned: First, those recommended by the prison oners in Tokyo, where he stayed a year and two authorities; second, those who come asking help months. But he felt hampered by the Salvation in re-establishing themselves in society; third, Army rules, so in December, 1897, he determined those whose friends or relatives ask for such aid. to resign and work independently. Some live in the home as members of the family; some live outside and have Mr. Muramatsu's help In January, 1898, Mr. Osada, Mr. Muramatsu and oversight; others get clothing and traveling and three others met for prayer, and together expenses to their homes in other parts of the counthey started a new work for prisoners, renting a try. Every day is opened with morning prayers house in Arata Cho, not far from the prison. It at 5 a. m. About a hundred and seventy pass was a venture of faith, and it was not easy to through the home in the course of a year. finance the work. A little experience proved that the proximity to the prison was a disadvantage, About one in five of those who are helped makes so in 1900 the location was changed to a good resi- good in his after life. Some of these have attained dential section of the city. positions of honor and usefulness. One incendiary who lived in the home a year and a half is now an A few years later, Judge Tanida, at that time official of high position and good reputation in head of the Prison Bureau in Tokyo, took a great Osaka. Another man who had served eighteen interest in Mr. Muramatsu and his work, and set terms in prison was converted in the home and is about to remove the stain of his police record. now a manufacturer in Kobe employing forty On September 13, 1912, Mr. Muramatsu was in- men. He conducts worship in his shop for his men vited to attend a formal ceremony at the prefec- every day, and is a pillar in his church. tural office and there, in the presence of a number of high officials and friends, a document was read, Today Mr. Muramatsu is recognized by the govstating that in view of his high character and ernment as one of the outstanding social workers eminent services the old police record against him of the country. On various occasions he has been was formally cancelled. He was no longer "under given an imperial decoration, two gold cups, a the law." (What a striking picture of our salva- silver cup, a watch and a medal. At the Naval tion, when all our sins are blotted out through the Review held in Kobe, he was one of the select cross of Jesus Christ!) guests at the imperial banquet. Five years ago he was given a pension of three hundred yen a year, Mr. Muramatsu's Christian home for released to continue till his death. He has become one of prisoners is called the Ai-rin-kwan, or Friendly the most highly honored as well as one of the most Home. It is open to ex-prisoners from anywhere useful citizens of the empire. in Japan, but three classes are especially wel- Christ's Resurrection and Missions* -'~I.1===B=Y_R=E=V=.=W=A=L=T=ER=E=.W=O=O=D=B=U=R=Y===~I~ CHRISTIAN missions were born of the resur- Judaism. After he had risen from the dead his rection. The whole movement sprang up friends were electrified with a glorious motive for in spontaneous obedience to the Great Com- evangelism and missions that they had never felt mission of the risen Lord. God had to use the before. They had a story to tell, the like of which whip of dire persecution to drive Christians to the the world had never heard before. At the risk of ends of the Roman world, but wherever they were their lives continually they told the irrepressible driven the growing joy of their faith in the resur- tale. rection leaped to their lips and brought conviction to their hearers. People have been moved to missionary activity and support by lesser motives. The romance of While the beginnings of Christian missions are missions has lured some, at least temporarily. deeply rooted in the very life, teachings and spirit The adventure of missions has challenged others. of Jesus Christ, Christian missions were not born The dire need of the nations that have not known until the risen Lord commanded "Go!" As long Jesus has moved many tender-hearted people to as Jesus lived Christianity was only a sect of missionary activity, but the abiding, worthy, ade- quate and compelling motive down through the • Reprinted from The WaWhman-Examiner. ages has been obedience to the command of the

risen Lord on the part of those who have known Christian missions. It was the resurrection that the power of His resurrection. made a mighty Gospel preacher of Peter, who be- The essence of the message of Christian mis- fore the resurrection made cowardly denial of his sions is a witness to the resurrection. This was Lord. It was a face-to-face encounter with the certainly true in the beginning. The whole life of risen Lord on his way to Damascus that trans- the Apostolic Church centered about the glorious formed Saul, the arch-persecutor, into Paul, the truth of the resurrection. When Peter stood up apostle to the Gentiles. What a list of obstacles, among the early Christians to suggest a successor hindrances and oppositions combined to thwart to Judas in the apostolic group, the stipulation the first great Christian missionary to the Gentile was that "one must be ordained to be a witness world! Paul, what mighty motive kept you go- with us of His resurrection." In Peter's great ing when friends betrayed you and ignorant sermon on the day of Pentecost, to which three heathen stoned you and left you for dead! Let thousand persons responded, accepting Christian Paul himself answer in the words of his letter to baptism, he bore witness to the fact of the resur- the Philippians: "For Christ Jesus I have suf- rection of Jesus, and bade those familiar with the fered the loss of all things, and do count them but Psalms of David note therein the foreshadowing dung that I may win Christ…… that I may know of this great event. He closed, making the reality him, and the power of his resurrection …… if by of the resurrection the basis of his call to repent- any means I may attain unto the resurrection of ance and baptism. the dead." Here are driving power and motive so As the crowd stood about Peter and John after mighty that no obstacles on earth and no powers the healing of the lame man at the gate which is of hell can stop the man impelled by them.

called Beautiful, as if it were some strange power It was faith in a risen Lord and a "resurrection of theirs that accounted for the miracle, Peter unto damnation" as well as a "resurrection unto protested against such an interpretation; bore life" that drove Judson, Rice and Newell to Bur- witness again, saying, "Ye have killed the prince ma, and held Judson to his task single-handed, of life whom God had raised from the dead ….. . during testing as by fire. It is popular in some And His name through faith in His name hath circles today to despise other-worldliness. But made this man strong." the redemption of this world has always awaited When a little later the preaching of the apostles the leadership of men who have known the reality had stirred all Jerusalem the Sadducees com- of the other world. It still does. There is not plained "that they taught the people, and power enough in this world, nor in all its philos- preached, through Jesus, resurrection from the ophies and ethnic faiths, to redeem it. It takes dead." This is the reason given in the Acts for resurrection power to break the bonds of sin.

their arrest. Before the high priest Peter The unparalleled opportunities of the mission preached the resurrection of Jesus. After their field of today can be met only by believers in the release from imprisonment the apostolic preach- resurrection. The giving both of life and of ing is summed up in the words: "With great money that is now demanded is irrational except power gave the apostles witness to the resurrec- on the hypothesis of the resurrection. The desire tion of the Lord Jesus." to share the nobler things in our Western culture Few of the apostolic missionary messages have with the rich cultures of the East is a small and come down to us, even in fragmentary form. Of impotent motive compared with the dynamic en- none of them have we a fuller report than that of thusiasm of those who know a risen, living Lord Paul's sermon in the Jewish synagogue at Antioch and whose witness cannot be silenced either by the in Pisidia, and his address to the curious on Mars demons of depression or by the dalliance of pros- Hill in Athens. The theme of his sermon to the perity. Resurrection truth is the very life of real Jews of Antioch was the resurrection of Jesus, Christian missions.

and although he was a long while coming to it, in his message on Mars Hill, when he got to the Do you ever think a moment point, it was "Jesus and the resurrection." Again Of the men who light the way before the Roman governor, Felix, he told of talk- For the vessels on the ocean, ing with the risen Lord. Paul's letters to the As they leave their trail of spray In the night; Christians of Corinth certainly preached resur- Of their vigil through the hours rection. To that church, in which there were Dark and light; doubters of this central Christian truth, he said plainly: "If Christ be not risen, then is our Of their hardship and privation In the times of storm and gale, Of the lives that owe them safety, preaching vain, and your faith is also vain ….. . How they never, never fail and ye are yet in your sins." Nor delay?

Only believers in the resurrection make real Surely they deserve remembrance Christian missionaries, or unfailing supporters of When we pray. -B. J. Goldsmith Jones.

Theological Schools

to Missions By the REV. WM. A. HILL, D.D., New York Secretary of Missionary Education, Board of Education of the Northern Baptist Convention THE theological schools ~ave naturally exerted aging. This analysis has been sent to the presi- a large influence on the Christian movement. dents of these sixty-eight institutions, from most In the furtherance of the missionary enter- of whom gracious acknowledgments have been reprise, where else could the churches look for co- ceived. The following questions were submitted operation with more assurance than to our sem- to the schools: inaries? During the past century hundreds of missionaries have gone forth from these institu- 1. Is there a member of the faculty designated as protions to do pioneer work on far frontiers, and yet fessor of missions giving his full time to that departduring the past few decades, the serious question ment? has been asked: Are our theological schools offering their graduates a missionary preparation com- 2. How many members of the faculty are giving part time mensurate with the expansion of the missionary to missions? enterprise? It seems to have been true that Christian denominations, having a great missionary 3. How many courses in missions are offered by the sembackground and purpose, have not made adequate inary? educational provision for the training of tomorrow's leaders in the missionary cause. 4. How many cognate courses, or courses closely related to missions, are offered by the seminary? The Baptist Board of Education, through its Department of Missionary Education, has been 5. Is some work in missions required of all students for studying this question for a number of years. graduation? If not, are any courses in missions re- quired of any group of students? In 1926 a comprehensive survey was made and the findings were sent to the presidents of the- 6. What has been the enrolment this past year in courses ological schools and to especially interested in- in missions? quirers. This survey showed one outstanding fact: that while many courses were provided in 7. How many students are preparing for foreign missionthe history of religions, comparative religions, and ary service? similar subjects, almost no consideration was given to the missionary training of the local 8. How many graduates or former students (1Wt includchurch, and no courses were provided for pastoral ing foreign students) have entered foreign missionleadership along missionary lines. ary service this past five years?

Interviews with theological students resulted in 9. What provision have you for missionaries on furlough? 10. How many students from abroad, in countries usually thought of as foreign mission fields, have been pre- paring for service in their native land? 11. What provision has the library for purchasing new books on missions? 12. What mission periodicals are taken by the library?

The latest catalogs were secured, courses in mis- sions were listed and classified, and the results were studied in the light of the reports received in answer to the questionnaire. Indisputably, the admissions of disappointment, and in some cases present curriculum provision for the study of the serious criticism of curriculum weakness was missionary enterprise has been greatly augmented voiced. Graduates from these schools, after years during the six~year period under discussion. The of active ministry in the churches, have also la- increased number of courses, their strength and mented the lack of preparation offered them as variety, seems to be in keeping with the general they faced the difficult task of building their interest now awakened in the missionary program churches around the missionary purpose of Chris- of the Christian church. tianity. One part of the analysis attempts to show the A distinct change is noted in a recent survey missionary service which is made available to stumade in 1932 by the Baptist Board of Education. dents through missionary periodicals and journals, This survey covered sixty-eight theological sem- and thus indicates the extension of library faciliinaries in the United States, essentially the same ties in missionary literature. The survey also institutions studied in 1926. The results, set forth points out the extent to which students are rein a twenty-seven page analysis, are most encour- quired to take courses in missions for graduation, [597 ]

and what provision is made by the theological sem- periodicals. Many of these periodicals come from inaries for missionaries at home on furlough. foreign lands and thus represent the effort of these The following significant figures show what has schools to bring the students into active touch happened in our theological schools during the six- with mission fields and problems. The total num- year period from 1926 to 1932: ber of magazines subscribed to is 785, and the Summaries average number of missionary magazines and periodicals for each institution is fourteen and a MISSIONARY COURSES IN NINE NORTHERN BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SCHOOLS fraction. Seventeen schools report less than five different magazines taken, and the following 1932 Increase 1926 4 100% schools offer the largest facilities: Full-time professors of missions … . 2 Part-time professor of missions … . 2 21 950% Union Theological Seminary ………… :100 magazines Required courses in missions …… . 18 18 Elective courses in missions ……. . 45 156 249% Hartford Seminary ……………….. 74 " Total number courses in missions .. 63 174 176% Courses in pastoral missionary leader- Garrett Biblical Institute …………… 49 41 925% ship …………………….. . 4 Biblical Seminary, New york……….. 42 Students preparing for foreign serv- 136 Divinity School, U. of Chicago. . . . . . . . .. 42 " ice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drew Theological Seminary …………. 37 "

Southwestern Bapt. Theo. Seminary ….. 25 "

Colgate-Rochester Divinity School ……. 25 "

Total number enrolled in missionary Princeton Seminary, Yale Divinity School, The Union Theological Seminary (Virginia), Moody courses …………………… 327 Bible Institute, and Gordon College of Theology and Missions all report a large list without giving Seven of the nine Baptist seminaries make missions a requirement for all students.

MISSIONARY COURSES IN FIFTy-NINE THEOLOGICAL SCHOOLS the actual number. OF OTHER DENOMINATIONS The Christian Education Handbook of 1931 1926 1932 Increase gives a total of 9,213 students enrolled in these 68 Full-time professor of missions ….. 22 institutions. The total number of students pre- Part-time professor of missions …. 12 20 paring for foreign service in fifty-eight of these Total number of courses in missions . 225 schools reporting is 551. The enrolment in these Students preparing for foreign serv- 88 633% 371 64% ice. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 fifty-eight schools is 8,003, and the percentage of Total number enrolled in missionary 1,883 students preparing for foreign service to total courses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . enrolment would seem to be 6.9 per cent.

Of the fifty-nine schools other than Baptist, only six do This study furthermore reveals the importance not make missions a requirement. of Christian missions as a subject for platform MISSIONARY COURSES IN SIXTy-EIGHT THEOLOGICAL presentation. Since the courses in missions have SCHOOLS 1932 Increase been greatly increased, it is natural to expect a 1926 greater emphasis upon missionary lectures and 24 addresses. Men of outstanding ability have been Full-time professor of missions ….. 24 invited to present courses and lectures dealing Part-time professor of missions …. 14 109 678% Total number of courses in missions . 288 545 88% Students preparing for foreign serv- 551 with many phases of the world situation. This ice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,210 method tends to make more important the subject of Christian missions in the consideration of the Number enrolled in missionary courses In 1926 we did not record the number of stu- students themselves, and seems to show that mis- dents in seminaries preparing for foreign service, sions has been given its rightful place of primary nor the total number of students enrolled in mis- importance in the programs of these institutions.

sionary courses, but the figures for 1932 showed A study of the subjects presented both in the class 551 students (out of 8,003 students in seminaries room and from the platform shows the tendency reporting) preparing for foreign service, and to recognize missions in its larger connotations of 2,210 enrolled in missionary courses. Thus, racial and international brotherhood and friendli- twenty-five per cent of the students enrolled in ness. A more detailed study of the results of this these courses were preparing for foreign service. survey strengthens the conviction that the study Seven of the nine Baptist seminaries were found of Christian missions is fundamental in our the- to make missions a requirement for all, but the ological schools, and that the whole subject in the remaining two seminaries required missions for future will be approached and understood from a students majoring in the subject. Of the fifty- broad rather (han a sectional point of view, and nine schools other than Northern Baptist, only six from the angle of world interest and need as over of the seminaries did not make missions a require- against local considerations. The larger mission- ment. ary content in the curricula of our theological The library facilities for missionary education schools certainly gives promise of a ministry, in these fifty-four institutions reporting include a better trained in the missionary out-reach of total of 187 different missionary magazines and Christianity.

Education-Old and

By SEYMOUR E. MOON, Kimpese, Congo Beige T WENTY-EIGHT years ago, on my way to to make a signal contribution to African educa- the Congo for the first time, with my mind tion on the West Coast. set on plans for a Central Training School Before the advent of the white man African for teachers and preachers, I could name a dozen education was primitive indeed. Without an al- "peculiarities" of the kind of training the African phabet, of course there were no books, but the should have. But as the years have passed those great book of nature was wide open and a goodly things which I had thought clearly differentiated portion of boys and girls, by the time they Africans from all others have blended into char- reached the ages of fifteen or sixteen, knew the acteristics. I had thought of Hampton and plants, flowers, trees, birds, insects, animals of Tuskegee as offering an ideal of education pe- their locality and could tell the habits and distin- culiarly adapted to the African, be he in America guishing marks of different species. Many knew or on his own soil in Africa, but lo! these two something of the stars and their movements.

schools with scores of others have become models Boys learned to build a house, hunt and fish, trade for all education everywhere in the world. The wisely at markets and would be initiated into one emphasis on "Education for Life," "Manual of the secret societies, and in short would be pre- Training," "Industrial Training," in connection pared for assuming the life of a member of his with such literary training as is possible, con- tribe. Girls were taught to care for their baby sidering the time, money, and intellectual ability brothers and sisters, how to cook the food, how available, is a commonplace in all educational to prepare the soil and plant a garden and prob- work. ably would be initiated into a secret society, often Before I came to the Congo I thought of the with boys, where she learned the life she was to African as "children" grown tall, but I have had live as a prospective mother of children for the to revise that estimate and now must say that tribe. All learned the simple social customs of he is a man, even though he cannot read or write. the family or tribe, respect for elders, obedience When he was a child he thought as a child, spake to clan dictates were strictly enjoined. Punish- as a child, felt as any child of all our race, but ments were meted out for stealing (among the he grew up and put away childish things and be- clan) and for failure to observe the customs and gan to think mature thoughts. That he has not tabu of the family. The Chref's son who was in yet thought our big modern mechanistic, or our line for the chieftaincy was especially taught by scientific thoughts is small wonder. He is how- the Chief all the secrets and customs, especially ever a past master of "Behaviorism" and if he burial customs, with all the unwritten law from cannot yet think our scientific formulres he can decisions of the Chief's court, so that he would learn to handle with great skill our scientific ma- be able to assume the duties of Chief and pass on chines. He is no mean philosopher, at least of the tribal laws. In short, preparation for life was the life he knows; he is an expert psychoanalyst; the ideal of primitive education.

he probably knows the "White Man" better than Education, in so far, was sound; it was the the white man knows himself. No, the African kind of law life, but it was the life the relatives is not simply a child grown tall and his education and Chiefs knew and they know how to pass it must take account of maturity with variability on. Far from the popular idea that African boys much the same as that found in any race with the and girls, like Topsy, "just growed up"; rela- exception of the range of ability commonly recog- tives took them in hand and trained them for the nized as "genius." But here again it should be life they were to live. Any modern effort in the pointed out that owing to the prevalence of education of African youth, in so far as it fails "witchcraft" the geniuses of the race have al- to take into account the important influence of ways been the marked individuals and have been their relatives, elders, including the native Chief, cut off before they could make any great con- is always precarious, for some time during adoltribution to their race. That there have been escence they w~ll step in and insist on their youths great "souls" in Africa is beyond question. What marrying whom they will and of entering into the a tragedy for a struggling race that Dr. Aggrey life of the village.

was cut off by swift disease just as he was ready This explains the success of mission schools [599 ]

where their first pupils were redeemed slaves, or- ly the State has begun to take an active part in phans or children whose parents had definitely education for the Congo natives. In some of the committed them into the control and care of the eastern provinces they have been establishing mission; it explains also the success of training overseers for schools in certain districts and not schools where older men and women have been long ago an inspector of education was appointed chosen, for they have been able to secure the for the Lower Congo region. A beginning has hearty assent of relatives to take up the newer been made in textbooks in French grammar for vocations or else have been strong enough to use in elementary schools. One could wish that break with their people and act independently, all this effort in the direction of more extensive more or less. Even the most independent and training for Congo natives were organized on faithful native helpers of the mission feel they lines more adapted to the special needs of the must maintain a native house in their birth town; African. Educational committees of the various deaths and even illness make a tremendous pull mission societies have worked out a system of on the best of them to leave their work for in- education for Africans in which it is hoped the definite periods. This pull of the native village State, following the recommendations of the La life is especially strong in the women. Zoute Conference, will cooperate.

A New Era First, agricultural education is one of the first needs of the African. The soil is preeminently A new era in education has set In on the Lower the African's easiest available asset. The popular Congo. Parents are bringing their sons and idea that the African can live on roots and fruits daughters to the mission schools and are commit- from the primitive forest should be forgotten; ting them to the discipline and training of such he can exist on roots, to be sure, but if the African schools. They are following them up, and even is to live and take his part in the life of the world in cases where severe discipline is necessary, he must have more of the best tropical food prod- come to the school and administer the punishment ucts. The man, as well as the wife, must be themselves. Parents and elders are recognizing taught to dig deep into the soil. Happily more the value of the white man's education. This gives attention is being given to this simple but char- great assurance that they will support and en- acteristic kind of education for the African. Most courage their sons and daughters to live the new boarding schools require pupils to raise a con- life in their villages. I hope African children siderable share of their own food; training were never left entirely to themselves without schools like Kimpese and others where men and formative influence from relatives who aimed at their wives are brought for training together re- some definite preparation for the life they were quire the family to raise its entire food supply expected to lead, primitive though it was. in gardens furnished by the school. One mission Christian education for the African was barely requires men to plant and properly care for a begun forty years ago. The first Protestant mis- garden before they can join the church. And sionaries arrived in the Congo fifty years ago. The best of all this kind of education is taking hold first decade hardly sufficed to reduce the native and winning native support.

language to writing and for the winning of the Second, handcrafts should have a large place confidence of a few orphans or slave boys and the in every school curriculum for Africa. Many of personal helpers who came to work for the white the native crafts, such as mat making, weaving man for a short period. Each decade since that the grass cloth, pottery, should be encouraged time has seen an ever increasing amount of trans- and reestablished wherever it is being superseded lation work and more and more boys and girls by European products. Other useful handcrafts coming voluntarily to the missions' boarding should be introduced. Industrial education which schools. Boys and, latterly girls, trained at these will help the native to use mechanical power, schools have become teachers in their own vil- especially water power for simple native mills for lages until today there are comparatively few grinding corn, peanuts, etc., and for irrigation villages where there is not some sort of school. seems to me most important.

Most village schools are little better than primary Third, since African youth must be prepared grades where the alphabet is taught, addition and to enter into the tribal life, social education must subtraction are attempted, and writing is learned be given a very prominent place in curricula for by the brighter boys and some of the older men African schools. Missions have well nigh revolu- by the use of the slate pencil or with a sharpened tionized most, if not all, native social customs, stick writing on the ground. About a hundred especially games, dances and nearly everything thousand pupils are now learning to read in the relating to marriage. It could hardly have been heart of Africa in this great territory along the otherwise and missions will have done well if they Great River which Stanley descended after nine replace all these with something better-some- hundred and ninety-nine days of travel. Recent- thing so good that it will divert attention from

AFRICAN EDUCATION-OLD AND NEW

the evils of the old but will inspire the same loyal- tive has all the time in the world. Effort should ties and the same social solidarity. Can such be made to encourage speed in his work by hold- social education be given? Yes, I think it can. ing out before him new studies and new interests.

At any rate I feel sure it must be given. Some- In comprehension I think the Congo native is thing as gripping as any secret society must take well up to the average. The Bible, at present the its place; something that will inspire to as fine one important textbook, is learned very rapidly.

a loyalty as ever was shown to the family or tribe Congo teachers have a rare understanding and must be trained into the novitiates in the Chris- appreciation of Bible characters. These pupils tian society. Cannot the Boy Scout idea be worked which I have tested, and found doing third grade out? Christian fellowship must be worked out work after only fifteen months of boarding school as a native brotherhood if it is to function in the study, pass my Bible test with higher marks than most solid way when the missionary shall of ne- college freshmen. Of one thing we can be reason- cessity turn over more and more of the responsi- ably sure Congo boys and girls can acquire a good bilities for propagating the Gospel to native working knowledge of any subject adapted to his leaders. needs.

Fourth, literary education is all important in Last, but most important of all, is the need of furnishing the African the tools with which to your African for religious training. Any scheme acquaint himself with the best of the past and the of education that neglects this is fatal. "Man is present good that the world is offering. We must incurably religious," is certainly true of the Afri- not spend all our time on the mere mechanics of can. He has a genius for it and he may some reading, writing and arithmetic so as to neglect day make a real contribution to religion especially drawing, music, art and beauty. Three R's one on the side of faith if he can be educated to the must do but one ought not to leave the others un- higher religious ideals of the Gospel. The African done. can teach us much about the meaning of forgive- From a study of Congo children using standard ness-he hardly knows how to hold a grudge.

tests, it was found that boys of an average age of Religion of joy, goodwill, justice, and love is thirteen or fourteen who have had no previous daily manifested by the African. Give him the schooling can do third grade work in reading, best interpretation of the life of the great proph- writing, arithmetic and composition in fifteen ets and of the great Missionary Paul and of months of training in a good boarding school. Christ Himself and the African will grow and All who have had to teach young children main- take up his great burden. I fancy it will not be tain that they progress normally. It is a Congo simply a burden of wood and water but a goodly characteristic to do most things slowly-the na- share of the tasks of the world.

When Alexander Duff, the great Scottish missionary to India, returned to Scotland and made a tour, preaching in the churches, he found that money, although in abundance, was not finding its way into the Lord's treasury. He said: "It is invested in stately mansions, splendid equipages, extrava- gant furniture, costly entertainment, and idle and usele·ss luxuries. The churches are treating the cause of Christ as Dives treated Lazarus." Has not the same condition existed in America in the days of prosperity? Even in thi,s time of depression much is wasted in useless entertainment and luxuries, and in a thousand different extrava- gances. The outstretched hands of the heathen pleading for help are the outstretched hands of our Sav- iour, and shall He walk up and down the aisles of our churches in the attitude of a beggar calling for some of the crumbs of our plenty?

From all countries the Macedonian cry is sounding, "Come over and help us." God has opened fields before us, and if human agencies would but cooperate with divine agencies, many, many souls would be won to Christ.. But professing Christians have been sleeping over their allotted work, and in many places the need remains comparatively untouched. God has sent message after message to arouse us to do something, and to do it now. BlJ,t to the call, "Whom shall I send?" there have been few to respond, "Here am I; send me."

We plead for the money that is spent on needless things. My brethren and sisters, waste not your money in purchasing unnecessary things. You may think these little sums do not amount to much, but many littles will make a great whole. Cut off every extravagant expenditure. Indulge in nothing that is simply for display. Your money means the salvation of souls. Let there be systematic giving on the part of all. Some may be unable to give a large sum, but all can lay aside each week something for the Master. Let the children act their part. Let parents teach their children to save their pennies to give to the Lord. The Gospel ministry is to be supported by self-denial and sacrifice. Through the ,self-denying efforts of God's people others will be brought into the faith, and these in turn will help to increase the offerings made for the carrying forward of the Lord's work.

Wilfred Grenfell in Labrador*

I By the REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D., LL.D., _.•1fit I New York Secretary Emeritus of the Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

PROBABLY the best known Christian work- denly rose. It seemed to me such a wonderfully coura- ers today are Grenfell, Schweitzer and Kaga- wa. All of them are working in what the geous act-for I knew perfectly what it would mean to him-that I immediately found myself on my feet, average American regards as the far corners of and went out feeling that I had crossed the Rubicon, the earth-Grenfell on the stormy, rock bound and must do something to prove it.

coast of Labrador; Schweitzer among the naked Grenfell at once decided to devote his life to tribesmen in the jungles of Africa; and Kagawa Christian work, and when a call came for a Chris- ?among the slum dwellers of a congested city in tian physician to care for sick and injured fisher- apan. The three men, although differing widely men off the Dogger Banks in the North Sea, he III many respects, are alike in their self-sacrific- volunteered to go. It was a rough experience on ing devotion to Christ and their fellow men. tempestuous waters, but it showed him the dire . Sir Wil~red Grenfell has had so much publicity need of such men, and when, in 1891, he was III the Umted States and Great Britain that his asked if he would undertake similar service life and work have become familiar to English among the fishermen on the Labrador coast, he readers, but the story never loses its charm. He promptly responded.

was born on February 28, 1865, icnlePrgarykmgaante~fntehaer Then began the career which has made him Cheshire, England, the son of a famous, although fame was the last thing that Church of England. He was educated at Marl- the young physician thought of, nor was there borough College, choosing the medical profession any place on earth where it seemed less likely to for his life work, and training for it in the Lon- be achieved. He found rude, lonely, poverty- don Hospital and University. He had no thought mstreidcI.kcealn, fishermen aonr dC ht hr iesitri a nfafmaciliilietsi'es.w iDt heoepu-t educational of speci~l Christian service until, at the age of ly moved, he went vigorously to work. Realizing twenty, III the second year of his medical course the necessity for money, he made trips to the as he says: ' United States, Canada and Great Britain in which Retu~ning from an out-patient case one night, I he presented the urgent need of suitable equipturned mto a large tent erected in a purlieu of Shad- ment, and he formed groups of supporters in the well, the district to which I happened to have been leading cities. Returning to Labrador, he built called. v It proved to be an evangelistic meeting of the then famous Moody and Sankey. It was so new to me hospitals, established schools, inaugurated plans that when a tedious prayer-bore began with a long for social betterment, fed the hungry in times of famine, helped the children, counselled men and oration, I started to leave. Suddenly the leader, who women in their hours of perplexity, comforted the I learned afterwards was D. L. Moody, called out to dying, and in all and through all ministered to the the audience: "Let us sing a hymn while our brother soul as well as to the body; speaking and preachfinishes his prayer." His practicality interested me ing in season and out of season of the Great Phyand I stayed the service out. When I left, it was with sician Jesus Christ.

a determination either to make religion a real effort to He tells the story of his strenuous forty years do as I thought Christ would do in my place as a i!-l the au~obiography which has just been pubdoct~r, or fr::nkly a?an?on it.. That could only have lIshed. FIfteen years ago, he published a smaller one Issue whIle I stIll lIved WIth a mother like mine' for she had always been my ideal of unselfish love: Later, I went down to hear the brothers J. E. and C. T. book, "A Labrador Doctor," in which he gave the Studd .speak at some subsidiary meeting of the Moody main facts up to that time. In the present larger campaIgn. . . . Never shall I forget, at the meeting work, he has incorporated some material from of the Studd brothers, the audience being asked to the former volume, enlarged it, and brought the stand up if they intended to try and follow Christ. narrative down to date. He says that he hesi- It appeared a very ,sensible question to .me, but I was tated to write again, but that he yielded to the importunities of his friends and supporters to amazed how hard I found it to stand up. At last one give a more complete account than the earlier work and to include the more recent develop- ?Oy, ou~ of a hundred or more in sailor rig, from an ments. There is a touch of pathos in Dr. GrenmdustrIal or reformatory ship on the Thames, sud- s • "Forty Years for Labrador," by Sir Wilfred Grenfell. vo.

372 PP. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. $4.00.

[602 ] fell's intimation that the toils and privations of but for their spiritual welfare-a truly Christlike forty years have begun to tell upon his body; ministry of healing and love. "the color of my hair has become that of its winter environment, and for the last four years there The volume, beautifully illustrated and well inhave been increasing signs of wear in the faith- dexed, will interest and delight the author's host ful old pump. . . . We sense the approaching of admirers. Amid the raucous voices of greed shadow of the inevitable last chapter." But his spirit is still buoyant and unconquerable, and his faith in Christ and his fellow men is as strong and serene as ever.

The world's honors have been freely lavished upon the devoted missionary. More than a dozen colleges and universities have showered degrees upon him. Cities have conferred their "freedom." The Royal Geographic Society of Great Britain, the Royal Scottish Geographical Society, the National Society of Social Sciences, the Royal Society of Medicine of England, the Fellowship of the College of Surgeons of America, and various other scientific organizations have elected him to membership or given him gold medals, and the King of Great Britain has made him a Knight Commander of the Order of Saint Michael and Saint George. Has any other missionary ever re- ceived so many of the world's honors? But he counts highest of all the honor of being an ambassador of Christ to needy men. After every visit to England and the United States, he turns eagerly back to his happy life work among the scattered hamlets of Labrador's rude fisher folk. It is a moving story, told modestly but clearly, abounding in adventure, throbbing with human interest, disclosing the rich values of character and selfishness and jealousy, which are making such a clamor in the world, it is encouraging to think of men like Grenfell and many other mis- sionaries, less widely known but equally worthy, who count not their lives dear unto themselves for the joy of following in the steps of Him who sought to rescue the farthest out and the deepest down.

LABRADOR ORPHANS IN WINTER DRESS IN THE "GOOD OLD (LIQUOR) DAYS"

under the rough exterior of the humble people Here's what the interested parties got: who wrest their scanty living from the wild shores of Labrador and icy waters of the North From a bushel of corn, in the "good old days," the dis- Atlantic. The story is pervaded throughout with tiller got four gallons of whiskey. This retailed at $16.50. sympathetic appreciation of their physical suf- Here's what the others got out of it: ferings and with zeal not only for their material The Farmer got ……………….. $ .25 The United States got ………….. 4.40 The Railroad got …………. . . . . . .. 1.00 The Manufacturer got …………… 3.70 The Drayman got ………………. .15 The Retailer got ……………….. 7.00 The Consumer got …………….. Drunk The Wife got ……………….. Hungry The Children got……………… Ragged Will there be much difference in "these days"?

and Half Truths Ab,out

A Review of the Supplementary Volumes III and VI of the Laymen's Foreign Missions Inquiry ~w -€IARD M. CLARK, Ph.D., Kob" Japan j!>- T,HESE volumes which relate to Japan reveal to those outside the Christian faith. Any "patron- strikingly little which is new to anyone who izing" attitude toward Japanese Christians, pas- has read "Re-Thinking Missions." Addi- tors, evangelists or churches, must be an echo of tional material is found in the supplementary days long passed. volumes but, good as much of that material is, there does not seem to be much vital relation be- It is unfortunate that both Fact-Finders and tween the facts given and some of the conclusions Appraisers have apparently failed to extricate drawn. themselves from narrow nationalistic conceptions which have no recognized place in this day of These reports contain certain fundamental, international thinking. Both missionaries and although perhaps unavoidable, defects. To state their Japanese colleagues have been disappointed this is not to underestimate the earnest attempt at the Fact-Finders' and Appraisers' apparent of those who conducted the inquiry. They prob- lack of grasp of the international aspect of Chrisably did all that could be expected of a group of tianity as embodied in the foreign missionary busy people who attempted in less than a year (in enterprise. The frequent references to "Japasome cases only a few months), to ascertain all nese" and "foreign" elements in this great proof the important facts regarding a broad field of gram, and the distinctions made in favor of the activities and amid surroundings with which they one or the other of these two divided elements, give were not very familiar. rise to a question as to the presence or absence of an adequate comprehension of the real unity Had these inquirers been able to give several of Christ's followers who labor together in this years to active missionary service in Japan, as a world-wide enterprise. There is no New Eng~ background for their investigations, they would lander or Westerner, American or Japanese; a have gained a more accurate knowledge of facts worker in God's Kingdom on earth should be and would doubtless have reached somewhat dif- chosen for his fitness for the position, not because ferent conclusions. The Director of the Fact of his birthplace. Finding Staff, although at one time resident in Japan, had not been there for the past decade or Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa, often referred to as the two and so was not acquainted with recent leading spokesman of Japan, and sometimes as changes in life and evolving methods. Many the outstanding Christian leader in the world, sidelights reveal attitudes and ideas now long out- criticizes this attitude on the part of the investigrown in Japan. gators as "the retreat from Christian Internation- alism,"* and states that "since this report has for- For example, we find the suggestion that mis- gotten the Cross it still differentiates between sionaries should recognize that Christianity is 'home' and 'foreign' missions." He reminds us only one of a number of religions in Japan. If that "Christ belongs to all nations," and that "we missionaries are not aware of these other reli- who belong to Christ should possess a stronger gions why have they gone to Japan? international spirit, and should give ourselves to the propagation of Christ-Spirit, forgetting the The statemerit is also made that Japanese re- distinction between 'home' and 'foreign.' " sent being "patronized" or referred to as "heathen," and desire rather to be considered as "part- Probably the Fact-Finders did hear some critiners" of the foreign evangelistic agencies. cisms from the lips of "influential Japanese" and "leaders of the Japanese churches," but a few such In the remote past there probably was a tend- expressions cannot be considered representative ency on the part of missionaries to have more or less of a patronizing attitude toward the Japanese • See his criticism of "Re-Thinking Missions" as it appeared in Christians, but no missionary today refers to non- Christians in Japan by the use of any Japanese ~~~~~~ ~~8~.;'R[~a(~~r~be(r~9r~M'~d again in the MISSIONARY word which has not wide acceptance in referring [ 604 ] of any considerable body of thinkers either above diagrams it is difficult for ordinary readers within or without the Christian Church. The at- to comprehend how, from these premises, the titude of Dr. Kagawa is more representative of conclusion can be drawn (page 84 of Volume III) the attitudes of the real leaders. that "in confidential interviews, however, most of There is in these volumes a wealth of statistical the leaders of the Japanese churches declared that material which may be used as a basis for further no more missionaries should be sent for evangel- investigations by those familiar with the details istic work." The number of these confidential of the work. interviews" should have been sufficiently aug- An Appealing Challenge mented to include some who had a wider vision of the unfinished task; some who were experi- Meanwhile we should face seriously some of the mentally cognizant of the facts; men and women appealing challenges presented in the reports. sufficiently Christian in spirit and Pauline in evan- One major challenge may be taken as in illustra- gelistic fervor to be more deeply concerned about tion of others which might be selected. the still untouched rural half of Japan's popula- tion and the still unreached 259 out of every 260 One diagram (Vol. VI, page 17) portrays the of her people. It is not easy to understand how a standing of Christianity in relation to Buddhism few "confidential interviews" could have been acand Sectarian Shinto. This shows that the num- cepted as a basis for the deduction of a conclusion ber of Christian Sunday school teachers is more regarding so astounding a problem. than those of Buddhism, which did not begin to establish Sunday schools until comparatively re- Let us accept the challenge of these facts and, cently. making our own appraisal, draw our own conclu- sions! Let us, in drawing our conclusions, seek The real challenge comes in the lower half of "confidential interviews" with Him who called the diagram which visualizes the almost imper- Paul of old, who has called thousands since, and ceptible place that Christ holds in the Japanese who today is calling many more to march out on Empire. Out of a total of 93,172 religious propa- the 12,000 trails leading to the 12,000 unevangelgation centers only 1,708 are Christian; and ized villages of Japan, with their 40,000,000 waitamong the 250,198 professional religious workers ing souls! only 2,348 are representatives of Christ. This becomes the more amazing when it is observed Rise up 0 men of God! Have done with lesser things; that of 58,686,852 "believers" connected with all Give heart and soul and mind and strength to serve the of the religions, only a little more than 254,000 King of kings.

are believers in' Christ and these present all Rise up 0 men of God! His kingdom tarries long; branches of Christians, including Roman and Bring in the day of brotherhood and end the night of Greek Catholic. At best we can estimate not wrong. more than one Christian amid every 260 people in Japan. Rise up 0 men of God! The Church for you doth wait, Her strength unequal to her task; Rise up and make her great!

A more or less accurate distribution of this in- This still untouched rural half of Japan is not finitesimal number of Christians is portrayed on the only challenge which may be seen by the close page 27 of the same volume. The figures reveal observer of the facts discovered. The field of the percentage of Chr.istians in each Prefecture, education still needs the Christian spirit and the but the size of the rings in the diagram are not Christian message which can not be embodied in related to the size of the map. the government school system. The social impli- cations of the Gospel need a much fuller and a A similar diagram might have been drawn to more varied expression in Japan than they have show another challenging situation in the fact yet received. that even the small Christian population and the few centers of propagation are located largely Lift high the cross of Christ! Tread where His feet have within the cities and great centers, leaving the trod; rural people, fifty per cent of the population, as As brothers of the Son of Man, Rise up 0 men of God!

yet untouched by direct Christian influence. The table on page 28, although it reveals a striking EVERY NATION'S NEED shortage of churches in rural districts, does not present a complete picture in that so large a unit God give us men! A time like this demands as 10,000 population is used as a basis for the Strong minds; great hearts, true faith and ready hands. Men whom the lust of office cannot kill, comparison. Had the unit of 5,000 or less been Men whom the spoils of office cannot buy, Men who possess opinions, and a will, chosen the proportion of unchurched units would Men who have honor, men who will not lie, have been still more appalling. Even so, out of a Men who can stand before a demagogue total of 10,002 townships 9,955 are without the And damn his treacherous flatteries without winking, Pure men, sun-crowned, who live above the fog privileges of a Christian church. In public duty and in private thinking.

On the basis of the facts pointed out in the -J. G. HOLLAND.

Henry Grant-A Friend of

His Contribution to Christian Missions ~r– By ROBERT E. SPEER THE death of William Henry Grant in Orange, New spending the summer in the mountains in the Island of Jersey, on November 3d, has taken away one of the Kiushiu. He was an English Baptist layman of ample most devoted and best loved servants of the mission- means, who gave his life to work in Shantung and who ary cause whom our generation has known. One of was one of the most remarkable missionaries of his time. He and Mr. Grant had great community of thought and the most gentle and modest of men, he has been at the spirit, and that visit with him in the little Japanese vilsame time one of the most efficient and creative personali- lage in the mountains is never to be forgotten. ties of our time. There were at that time no railroads in Korea and all He was born in Philadelphia in 1858 and when a boy the means of transportation were crude and primitive. of thirteen sailed from New York around Cape Horn to We made our way from Chemulpo to the Tatong River on California on the famous clipper ship "Captain Burgess." the only vessel flying the Korean flag-a small steamship After his retur!1 in 1872 to Philadelphia he attended the carrying coal and having a constant list, with a Japanese Pennsylvania Military Academy and then the University captain and Korean crew, no edible food and no endurable of Pennsylvania from which he was graduated in 1878. cabin. We were nearly wrecked in fog among the islands For some years he was in business and then made a trip but survived to reach Pyengyang and saw the beginnings of the Christian Church there. Then we walked overland around the world, visiting both the Near and the Far to Seoul and then to Chemulpo, with horses carrying our East, in company with Luther D. Wishard, who was at luggage, and sleeping in the streets of the Korean villages that time active in promoting the work of the Young in the hot summer. Mr. Grant was adaptable to all con- Men's Christian Association in the foreign field. ditions, full of ingenuity and good cheer. He had an amazing memory for past incidents and experiences, which On returning from this trip Mr. Grant turned to dis- enriched his conversation and made him one of the best tinctly Christian service. He was deeply interested in the of traveling companions. newly developing movements among the young people of the churches and soon became attached as an honorary His supreme missionary interest, of course, was China worker to the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, for and he loved the country and its people with an absorbing many years acting as the Librarian of the Board, reorgan- love. The only time that I ever saw him angry and inizing and developing the work which was rich in early dignant was at the time of the Treaty of Versailles, when Shantung was not given back unconditionally to China. missionary literature. But he made this simply the base The Chinese returned his love and students of Lingnan of his larger service of missions in promoting missionary were continually coming to see him in New York or weIzeal among the young people and missionary cooperation coming him with deep affection when he met them in among the Foreign Mission Boards of the United States Hawaii or Japan or China. He made several trips in con- nection with the college and each time was greeted as in a and Canada. true sense the chief founder and benefactor of the insti- He was present at the first meeting of the Foreign Mis- tution. Many of the gifts which made its development possible were secured by him and one building given by sions Conference of North America in New York City on Mrs. Kennedy and Mrs. Schauffier was named, at their insistence, Grant Hall. January 12, 1893, and soon became the secretary. He acted as secretary and treasurer until January 15, 1918, Henry Grant was a great lover of the out-of-doors life. when he was made honorary secretary for the remainder For a long time he was afflicted with hay-fever in the of his life. The Conference owes more to him and to his summer time and was obliged to find regions in which he successor and dear friend, Fennell P. Turner, than to any would have relief. While never physically robust, and obliged always to exercise the greatest care, especially as other men. He was one of the chief executives of the to diet, he traveled everywhere fearlessly and met all Ecumenical Missionary Conference in New York in 1900 conditions and did his work with extraordinary endurance. and of the Edinburgh Conference of 1910. These Confer- He was in character a man of stainless purity, highences owed as much to him for their arrangement as to minded, self-forgetful and generous without limit, delight- ing to give to the full measure of his ability. He was one anyone. of the cleanest-minded men that I have ever known, wholly Mr. Grant had a wealth of friendships among mission- inaccessible to ribaldry or vulgarity-totally unresponsive to anything that was unworthy or low. No one could ever aries all over the world. His judgment of character and have spoken to him otherwise than he would have spoken capacity was unfailing, and he trusted and was trusted by to a woman or an innocent child. Full of humor, of genthe ablest men in Christian missions throughout the world. erosity, of happy regard for others, of shrewd sense and This faculty of discernment and trust early brought him of rare distinctness of personality, he was the best of into contact with some of the strongest missionaries in companions and of friends. He was a Christian man of China, interested in the development of Christian educa- simple and steadfast faith, knowing his Bible thoroughly tion, such as Dr. Mateer in North China and Dr. Happer and living by prayer. For many years he was the center and Dr. Henry in South China. When Dr. Happer made of a little Fellowship Group of a dozen friends who met annually for a quiet day and received from him monthly generous provision in his will for the establishment of a a prayer list in which each friend shared with the others Christian college in Canton, many problems were involved his experiences of life, his grounds for thanksgiving and in the initiation and development of the institution. Mr. his requests for prayer. He was a beautiful and a lovely Grant at an early stage became involved in these and the spirit. All who knew him are immeasurably richer for establishment and development of the institution, first as his life and poorer for his death.

the Canton Christian College and now as Lingnan University, is chiefly due to his wisdom, unselfishness and quiet but unyielding tenacity of purpose. No one will ever know the difficulties which he surmounted' with unfailing wisdom and patience.

Mr. Grant made a number of visits to the mission field. He and I had rare experiences together in 1897, both in China and in Japan, but especially in Korea. In Japan we made a memorable visit to Mr. A. G. Jones, who was [606 ]

'~I====,=""====-~=========~==I~

Effective Ways of Working crested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'~~===~========–=-==—==—-==—~I~ MERRY CHRISTMAS WITH wee tots would enjoy "The Call eyes because it had been such a A MISSIONARY MESSAGE Drum" ; "The Children of the comfort." The story runs: Chief"; "If I Lived in Africa"; A CHRISTMAS PRAYER "Wee Won g 's Chopsticks" ; The poster advertising the meeting "Kembo, a Little Girl of Africa" ; was a gay sketch of a Christmas tree We open here our treasures and our "Child Neighbors in America"; with the announcement that there gifts; "The Yellow Friendly Book," etc. would be gifts for all present. A beau- Older young people would find tifully decorated little tree stood upon And some of it is gold and some is these fascinating: "Pioneers of the table at the service, and among frankincense and some is myrrh; Goodwill"; "Good News Across the branches was a gift for each per- the Continent" ; "Meet Your son taking part on the program. The For some has come from pl;~nty, some United States" ; "Follow the gifts were stars, candles, stockings, from joy, Leader"; "Builders of a New etc., of bright paper, each containing World" ; "Young America Makes a typewritten slip. As each recipient's And some from deepest sorrow of the Friends" ; "How Far to the name was called, she came forward, Nearest Doctor?" "So This Is received her gift and shared it with a soul. Missions." Don't forget your the audience by reading her slip and pastor as you choose among "The rendering her number on the program. But Thou, God, dost know the gift Never-Fading L i g h t"; "The The first six gifts gave the Scripture is love, Christian Mission in America"; "God's Candlelights" ; "We're lesson as follows: Our pledge of peace, our promise of Craftsmen All"; "The Christ of goodwill. the Christian Fa i t h" (Mac- First Gift: "And the angel said kenzie); "The Finality of Jesus unto them, 'Fear not, for behold I Accept the gifts and all the life we Christ" (Speer); "Out of My bring you good tidings of great joy bring. Life and Thought" (autobiog- which shall be to all people!''' This raphy of Albert Schweitzer) and Christmas gift of joy is for each of us Christmas Gifts a host of others you may select from our Father. Let us take it and from "Our Missionary Book- be happy. (Response from audience Why wait until the last few shelf" in THE REVIEW. If still with bowed heads, "For this gift of days before Christmas and then in doubt, send to your denomina- joy we thank Thee, our Father." plunge into an orgy of gift-buy- tional headquarters for suging – often of things unwanted, gestions as to magazines, pic- Second Gift: "For unto us is born unneeded and of doubtful value tures and attractive missionary this day in the city of David a Saviour, to their recipients? What could books. Put "Christ" back into which is Christ the Lord." (Similar be of greater sentimental or in- "Christmas" this year, as the prayer-response by audience.) trinsic value to Christian friends most important move in banishand relatives than a subscription ing the depression. Third Gift: "Glory to God in the to a missionary magazine or the highest, on earth, peace, goodwill to gift of a choice book? A dear A Good Christmas Program men." For each one of us this Christfriend of the writer – one of mas time our Father has the beautiful world-wide heart and penny- This plan, used by the women gifts of peace and goodwill. (Prayersized pocketbook – makes it her of the First Baptist Church of invariable custom to send the San Diego, California, a few response.) Book of Remembrance (the years ago may easily be adapted Fourth Gift: Mat. 2: 11. The birthday book of missionaries of for children, grown-ups or young her denomination). Each day as people. It evidently carried its Christmas gift that affords us the most the readings were conned their own dynamics, for the reporter joy is the pleasure of giving to our triple reminder was of the donor, said: "One dear little old lady King. (Response.) the Christ she loved' and the mis- who has almost nothing with sionaries carrying the message which to purchase material gifts Fifth Gift: John 3: 16. The paraof that Christ to the uttermost thanked me with tears in her mount gift of eternal life is the one parts. which makes all else worth while. [ 607] (Thanks for eternal life.) Another friend wrote last year: "I subscribed for THE RE- Sixth Gift: This gift which I am VIEW as a Christmas present for to share with you is better than anymy sister – and how our whole thing that gold can purchase, and it is family does enjoy it!" There are for all of us whether of low or of high also the magazines in your own estate. 1 John 4: 7-11. ("For thy gift denomination-junior and senior of love, we thank Thee, our Father.") -and the delightful reading and study books for the current year, Following this were glowing sketches for the folk of all ages. How the of the lives of several missionaries who had conferred priceless gifts not only upon the peoples they ministered to but upon us at the home base- David Brainerd, Livingstone, Paton, Carey – the selection might be op- tional, and either world-wide or of any specific denomination.

Instead of announcing a solo in the usual manner, the music was rolled in

white paper, tied with a red ribbon attached to the branches as had overspread the foreign misand given to the musician from the gifts? The caller or group of sion field, she embodied the faith tree, as a gift that she might share callers brings a fitting devotional in the everlasting promises that with the whole audience. message and words of love and would eventually chase all gloom good cheer. This is Home Mis- Any missionary program may be ar- sion service. away; the second vice-president ranged in the form of Christmas gifts, accepted the blue symbol as insince everything we have is a gift PLANS FOR A NEW YEAR dicating that in her work as sofrom God and should be shared. This cial leader, she would be due to program had not only the charm of It may be a new calendar year chase away gloom and bring novelty but emphasized afresh at the or a new organizational year or Christmas season the fact that the just a fresh, inspirational begin- loveliness into the workaday best gifts are not material and are for ning at any season; but make it lives of the audience; the third everyone. hopeful and courageous. The vice-president, responsible for latest ailment is "depression psy- Bringing Joy to All the World chosis," from which many good the White Cross (mission hos- folk are suffering. We have pital) work, was given the green Each year adds to the number dwelt on retrenchments and as emblematic of the growth of of churches that recognize the losses until the emotional outlook the Kingdom that her practical supreme fitness of translating bids fair to become chronic. The the "Glad Tidings of Great Joy" women's society of the Gran- ministrations would promote, as into a missionary message for ville, Ohio, Baptist church re- she supplemented the missionthe Sunday school, the woman's cently inaugurated a series of aries' gifts of the Leaves of society, the whole congregation. rainbow topics to carry through A symposium was compiled for the entire church year as their Healing to the nations; the Missions by Rev. William B. Lip- "code" to combat the depression treasurer wore the yellow inphard presenting a review of psychology. Taking as their key- signia to typify her custody of Christmas celebrations and fes- note the opening paragraph of tivities on the mission fields of this department in the October the gold which, whether exthe Baptists. Any subject mat- number of THE REVIEW, the de- pressed in money or service, repter gathered from mission board votional leader was introduced resented that which was the correspondence in any denom- as the key-woman, her theme be- most precious gift of the memination will be equally effective. ing, "The Bow of Promise Ap- A few titles from Dr. Lipphard's pears" (Gen. 9: 14, Mat. 24: 35, bership to the Lord; the recordmay be suggestive and give the Ps. 148: 1-6). The Christian op- ing secretary wore the orange flavor of the symposium: timism of her address was not emblem as indicating the words inspired by amiable Pollyan- Christmas Amid Rumors of War naism or prosperity ballyhoo of wisdom, worth and cheer in (Burma); Christmas Tree Among the (of which we have had too which she must gather up and Indians; Christmas Feasts at Banza much), but by confidence in the store away the golden treasures Manteke (Africa); Christmas Jour- everlasting promises expressed brought forth in the 'meetings; neys in Nicaragua; Christmas Con- in God's Word. trasts in Oklahoma; Christmas Gifts the corresponding secretary com- Appreciated, in India; With Christ The rainbow was then pre- pleted the rainbow with the No East Nor West (in China); Christ- sented on three different horimas Everywhere (brief extracts from zons: (1) In the home church, cheery red showing the "rosy correspondence in eight different where a new set of consecrated. hue that must run through all fields) . able officers were about to as~ her correspondence, especially sume their duties in the society. The author adds: Although a strain An installation service was con- with the sick and the shut-ins." of similarity runs through all the ac- ducted. investing these officers The singing of "Showers of counts, since children are children with the colors of the bow, the BIessing" completed this investeverywhere and react in similar enthu- president having pinned on her ment. siastic fashion to the receipt of gifts a very large violet crepe paper and likewise enjoy the same carols, the chrysanthemum wit h Ion g (2) The Home Mission Rainsame Christmas pageantry and the streamers, emblematic of the bow proved to be a colorful eternal story of the Saviour who lay ultra-violet rays that quicken the in a manger in Bethlehem, yet there processes of growth in the same visualization of the splendid new is a uniqueness in each which gives way she must endeavor to study books for use this year, freshness to the narrative as a whole awaken the organization to new the exercise given on page 325 and indicates again how Christmas is 1ife and activity; the first viceuniversal in its appeal and in its heart president, responsible for the of the June REVIEW being used, interest. missionary features, received followed by the singing of "Fling the indigo emblem because, Carrying Christmas to Shut-ins though clouds of the deepest dye Out the Banner" as the Christian flag was borne on the platform, Have you a Courtesy Commit- the impersonators grouping tee, an Extension Department or something of the sort in your themselves around it. church? Why not enliven the (3) The final rainbow was homes of the dear old shut-ins with tiny trees decorated simply that of the Foreign Field where with inexpensive trinkets, powdered snow and candles, mes- clouds have been the darkest but sages of cheer from absent through whose very storms we friends being neatly written and are beginning to glimpse the Bow of Promise, this proving to be an inspirational address on the ways in which difficulties and obstacles on the mission fields may be turned to advantage. At the close, "samples of the rain-

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

bow" were passed out to the for the individual member is that con- often as love and pity and emoaudience in the way of tiny rolls ducted in six sessions, one each week, tions prompt. of inspirationalleafiets tied with members being assigned sections of the prismatic colors. The effect the book to report upon. The leader, (3) The lazy way: To make of the program was optimistic, for the most part, guides discussion, a special effort to earn money constructive and stimulating to introducing something to arouse inter- for benevolent objects by fairs, service, as it was stated that all est and closing with spiritual applica- festivals, etc. which was necessary to realize tion of the day's theme. the rainbow thus exploited was ~4) The self-denying way: To cooperation with God, in earnest (3) The Evening Mixed Class. One lay aside as an offering to God a of the most delightful classes from the definite portion of our gainsfaith. standpoint of fellowship and inspira- one-tenth, one-fifth, one-third or tion had a study of "Roads to the City one-half. This is adapted to all, Suggestions for Pastors of God," in six evening meetings. The rich or poor, and gifts would be class was in lieu of a Church School largely increased if it were gen- The growing tendency toward of Missions and was open to young erally practiced. mission study – either contin- people and adults. Families attended uous or periodical – is one of and in most cases possessed a family (5) The equal way: To give the most hopeful indications of book. The leader brought each eve- to God and the needy just as a revival of interest in the world- ning a well prepared outline of the much as we spend on ourselves, wide spread of the Kingdom. chapter, presenting it in the form of balancing our personal expendi- Since concern for the non-Chris- an informal lecture, which permitted tures by our gifts. tian world is no longer motivated questions, contributions of thought and by emotion, loyalty to Christ may brief guided discussions. In spite of (6) The heroic way: To limit well be linked up with informed extreme cold weather the average at- our own expenditures to a cerintelligence. Grace W. McGav- tendance for six evenings was 51, with tain sum and give away all the ran says in The Reading World: a large per cent of men. rest of our income. "Windows for the soul someone has called books. Where else Monthly Meeting of Prayer ARTHUR T. PIERSON. can one so quickly and easily find transportation to other lands, to Pastors everywhere may well Turning in the Gold. Last other peoples, to other times and consider this action of the Gen- April, the committee on promoeven into the inmost thoughts of eral Assembly of the Presby- tion in the General Assembly of people whose lives if we knew terian Church directing the us- the Presbyterian Church called them might be 'open books' to us. ing of the last mid-week prayer for a "Missionary T rea sur e We widen our sympathies, en- service of each month with the Hunt" to be designated a "goldrich our understanding, reach exception of July and August to gathering campaign" for misout in friendship, bind ourselves present the work at home and sions. Each bit of precious inextricably to a world of living, abroad alternatively. metal or jewelry not in use but aspiring, suffering people like having intrinsic worth was to be ourselves through our reading:' Get acquainted with our Home gathered up and forwarded to Mission city problem …… in the committee for use in raising Three types of mission study, New York; with the missionary an emergency missionary fund. representing the activities of one in our fields abroad; with our Many sacrificial responses were woman-a minister's wife-Mrs. Home Mission problem – an in- reported. A. P. Cameron, of the Memorial tensive study of how in Los Christian Church in Tulsa, Okla- Angeles our church took care of A Fleet of Ships: These may homa, are described in The its share of the unchurched area be used as topics for toasts at a World Call and may well serve of the expanding city; with the missionary banquet. (1) Lord- convert in our fields abroad; ship – a recognition of the auas models: with our rural church problem- thority of Jesus Christ in every an intensive study of the country interest and problem of life. (2) (1) The Continual Study Class. churches in one synod; with the Stewardship – a sense of God's Beginning with October, each Thurs- mission in our fields abroad; ownership of personality and day morning finds this group meeting with our Negro work (intensive possessions. (3) Worship – a at 10 o'clock to study under direction study of one college); with the quiet listening for God's voice; of some capable and prepared leader. Church in our fields abroad; a grateful outpouring of the The group is permanently organized with the relationship between heart to Him; fellowship with and officered. The Christ of the Mount Home Missionary service and his spirit. (4) Partnership – a attracted many visitors, many of the highest patriotism; with the realization that God requires our whom continued to attend. This study, responsibilities of the home cooperation in making the whole while not announced as "mission Church in her fields abroad. world His. (5) Companionship study," was most devotional in char- -a faith that One walks alongacter and effect and contained an abid- Anyone of these subjects side through every happy and ing missionary motive. The method would furnish a good theme for every trying hour of the day. of presentation was that of an in- a dynamic sermon on Sunday. (6) Friendship – a sharing of formal lecture in which the leader life with others, both giving and held up the intent of the author by PROGRAM POINTERS outline, thus getting at the chief point finding riches.* of interest, while the minor things How We Give. (1) The caregrouped themselves as such. less way: To give something to • Leaflet of Baptist Board of Missionary every cause that is presented Cooperation. (2) The Small Afternoon Class. A without inquiring into its merits. type of class that accomplishes 'much (2) The impulsive way: To give from impulse-as much and BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions .. ~ –. ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK I~ Deep peace of the running wave to "The Christ-Child Comes!" shepherds and sheep and often you, the faithful donkey who is to Most of the German families serve the Family in their flight Deep peace of the flowing air to you, begin preparation for the cele- to Egypt. Deep peace of the quiet earth to you, bration of the birth of the Deep peace of the shining stars to you, Christ-Child, four Sundays be- In the stories, Joseph is not Deep peace of the watching shepherds fore Christmas Day. Before the neglected. Rilke, in a poem first Sunday in A d v e n t, fir called "Joseph's Jealousy," has to you, branches are brought from the an angel say to Joseph, Deep peace of the Son of Peace to you. forests. Wreaths are made- large ones for chandeliers in Carpenter -Old Gaelic Rune. home and church, smaller ones Because you make boards, in your for tables, and wee ones to be pride Jesus, born in poverty, sent in greeting to friends. Do you really wish to question workman at Nazareth, Him who modestly out of similar lover of all the children of Old and young sing Christmas wood God, carols through all the days pre- Causes leaves to grow and buds to ceding Christmas. Stories and swell? Teach us to love one another. legends are told in the family groups, usually while the Ad- Weare told that the carpenter Jesus, in whom all the nations vent candles are lit-one during understood. As he lifted his of the earth are one, the first week, two the second, eyes, the angel had vanished. three the third, four the week be- And Joseph pushed slowly his in whom is neither bond fore Christmas; and finally, the thick cap from his head, and nor free, black nor Christmas Day tree is lighted sang praises. white, with many white candles. The Mother Mary and the Babe are Advent Supplication Teach us to love one another. given the central place in stories and in the familiar manger- Father in Heaven, we live in Jesus, friend of the poor, scene showing the Holy Family a time full of unrest and strife. feeder of the hungry, surrounded by angels and the Our homeland lies in bonds, our healer of the sick, church is in danger, anxiety pre- [610 ] vents peace of heart. And so Teach us to love one another. from our souls' depths we yearn for peace, for Thy Kingdom in Jesus, forgiving them that love which Thy holy will governs all much, and Thy ordinances are kept; we yearn for Thy Prince of drawing all men unto Peace who anew reveals to us un- thee, bounded Love, and in whom we can hope with full confidence. calling them that labor Lord, fulfill this our hope! Let and are heavy laden, us not be confounded! Hear us, gentle Lord God. Teach us to love one another. Strengthen Thy church, that Jesus, who camest not to be min- Thy word may be faithfully and istered unto, but to purely proclaimed. Bless the minister, education of youth that the good buds which Thou hast put in who didst talk with the human hearts may open and despised Samaritan bear noble fruits. Make plain and commend the the differences between individ- hated Roman, ual circumstances and callings and build the bridge of love loved by the common peo- from class to class, from heart to ple, heart. Hear us, gentle Lord God.

Teach us to love one another.

Jesus, who hast called us to the fellowship 0 f thy Kingdom, in whom is no respect of persons, who wilt know us by our fruits, Teach us to love one another.

-Source Unknown.

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

Give wisdom to our magis- for they are truck and tractor Golden Rule Week may be ditrates that they may care to do drivers, mechanics of various rected through any institution or that which serves us best. Give kinds, et cetera; a new self-con- agency in which the donor is in- us that which is necessary for fidence because of the assurance terested. Gifts each year are our daily sustenance so that we of the faith of others in their sent toward maintenance of the through worry about the needs ability to work and to direct the work for the children of Farm of our outward man may not for- work of others. In most of the and Cannery Migrant families, get to care for our eternal hap- places responsible positions, such and also for the Religious Edu- piness. Let each honest under- as foremen, camp managers, et cation Work in government Intaking, each good business enjoy cetera, are being held by Indian dian schools. the fruit of its labor. Hear us, gentle Lord God. young men who in school were Use by Local Societies trained for such work but have And because Christmas Eve never before had a chance to The following suggestions are stands at our door, because show their capabilities. ' made for the consideration of Thine only begotten Son knocks women's societies or committees again at our hearts asking en- Splendid social work is being in churches, clubs, schools or betrance, give us open minds and carried on among the men at nevolent organizations w h i c h hearts so that we and all the may wish to employ The Golden world may be filled with comfort work and the families which Rule Book as a means of securand power, with joy and the often accompany them. All that ing increased support for local hope of Thine eternal Kingdom. relief and welfare work or Hear us, gentle Lord God. goes to make up a well-rounded Church benevolences: Amen. – Translated from the life for individual, family or German. community, is being tried out in (a) An initial source of in- come will be from profits on the Indians in C. C. C. Camps one place or another. sale of The Golden Rule Books to The Joint Indian Committee all their members, who presum- Miss Edith M. Dabb, Chair- ably will value the book highly man of the Committee on Re- has cooperated with the mission- for practical use in their homes. forestation Work of the Joint aries located near the camps and Committee on Indian Work of (b) A second source of inthe Home Missions Councils re- with the Government in the work come may be derived from profports that the Emergency Con- of maintaining the spiritual its on a preliminary church or servation Work on Indian reser- morale of the boys. The requests community Golden Rule economy vations being carried on by the for good reading material for the dinner. United States Indian office is go- camps, and for hymn books and ing forward with much enthu- for portable organs have embar- An appropriate educational siasm. program on the subject of stew- rassed the committee because of ardship and the distinctive work Some of the kinds of work be- its limited financial resources. of the society may be arranged ing done are: fire protection, Since the work continues, sug- at this preliminary Golden Rule trail making, erosion control, ro- gestions for ways of meeting the economy dinner, and a special dent (especially prairie dog), effort made to enroll the entire poisonous plant and insect con- needs will be welcomed by the membership in a covenant to obtrol, work on reservoirs, dams, committee. serve Golden Rule Week as a springs and wells, telephone lines Save-and-Share period in their and fences. The number of men EARN, SAVE AND SHARE employed exceeds 14,000 on 68 homes. reservations. Save to Give (c) A third source of income Give to Save Much besides the earning of to the society may be the gifts by money is being accomplished for By your Thrift give others a Lift its members of the savings rethe Indian people. There is an sulting from the use of The increasing pride and enthusiasm Not less spending, but more in- Golden Rule Book as a practical in being self-supporting; a telligent and unselfish spending guide to economy during Golden chance to make use of that for Rule Week. Although a portion which the schools trained them, INTERNATIONAL GOLDEN RULE of the gifts from Golden Rule WEEK Week may well be used for local unemployment relief or other ap- December 10-17, 1933 proved benevolences, it will be urged that some substantial por- The Save-and-Share Program tion should be made available for those less fortunate and It is proposed that the entire neglected areas, where there are no community chests, no well-to- nation be challenged to a week do neighbors, and where the entire community is so impov- of economy and thrift during erished that one family cannot Golden Rule Week, December 10- help another.

17. Those in more fortunate cir- cumstances will be asked to prac- tice some measure of self-denial in order to share more gener- ously with others who may be suffering for lack of the neces- sities of life. .

Gifts resulting from individ- ual and group use of The Golden Rule Book and the observance of

India's Christians in the Census of 1931* Christian Literates by Age Total Christian Christian Literates 5-20 20 and oveT Population All India ……………………………………. . 6,296,763 511,993 884,338 British India ………………………………… . 3,866,660 246,805 476,825 Ajmer-Merwara ……………………………… . 6,947 1,844 3,160 Andamans and Nicobars ……………………….. . 1,461 520 (all ages) Assam …………………………………….. . 202,586 13,441 26,935 Baluchistan …………………………………. . 8,044 1,140 4,229 Bengal …………………………………….. . 180,299 21,807 46,780 Bihar and Orissa …………………………….. . 341,894 16,379 24,513 Bombay (Including Aden) ……………………… . 317,042 33,107 75,069 C. P. and Berar ……………………………… . 50,584 10,415 16,019 Coorg ……………………………………… . 3,425 270 781 Delhi ………………………………………. . 16,989 1,760 5,593 Madras …………………………………….. . 1,774,276 116,836 205,722 N. W. F. Province ……………………………. . 12,213 2,078 9,966 Punjab …………………………………….. . 414,788 10,842 24,588 United Provinces ………………………… ~ …. . 205,006 16,886 33,740 Indian States ………………………………… . 2,430,103 265,188 407,513 Burma …………………………………….. . 331,106 Civil Condition of Christians by Aget Unmarried, Males ……………………………. . 0-15 15-50 50 and ove~'

Females ………………………….. . 1,242,181 476,651 7,175 Married, Males ………………………………. . 1,172,564 200,453 6,128 983,093 217,545 Females ………………. , …………… . 18,783 1,064,631 96,249 Widowed, Males ……………………………… . 52,495 57,636 50,901 157,747 Females ……………………….. , …. . 615 157,857 1,295 Civil Condition Under 15 Years of Age Among Other Religions UnmaTried Married Widowed All Religions, Males ………………………….. . 63,397,795 5,525,228 136,253 Females ………………………… . 52,493,031 12,253,559 320,326 111,171 Hindus, Males ……………………………….. . 43,599,559 4,288,575 253,036 Females ……… '" ., ….. , ……….. , …. . 36,235,079 9,049,079 1,087,775 21,210 Moslem, Males ………………………………. . 15,643,127 2,876,801 58,777 Females …………………………….. . 12,500,501 83,857 1,816 Tribal, Males ……………………………….. . 1,590,198 161,225 4,928 Females ……………………………… . 1,499,686 24,135 847 Sikhs, Males ………………………………… . 898,505 62,594 794 Females ………………………………. . 720,677 1,785 49 Buddhist, Males ………………………… …… . 88,354 4,414 233 Females ……………………………. . 81,121 20,318 545 46,951 1,263 Others, Males ………………………….. …… . 335,871 Females ……………………………… . 283,403 Population According to Religions % of increase 01'

Per 1,000 decrease since 1921 +++ Hindu ……………………………….. " ………………. 682 10.4 Moslem ………………………………… , ……………… 222 Buddhist …………………… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 13 Tribal-Animist …………………………………………… 24 10.5 Christian ……………………………………………….. 18 ++- 15.3 Others ………… '" …………….. , ……. , " …. , … , . . . . . . . 18 32.5 38 • From the National Christwn Cowlcil Review. t EJ<"tlludes BUrmil.

! Our W Outlook '~I"""'—

orld~wide ~~I~==~==A==Mi=ssio=na=ry=N=ew=spa=pe=r o=f =Cu=rre=nt=Ev=en=ts =====~~~ EUROPE and preaching the Gospel. The penal colonies, one of those little books that you are distributing." An Outstanding Achievement workers meet opposition and in- difference from many but others Here is a bandit with the true The Church of Scotland has are eager for Christian litera- missionary spirit. not had a missionary deficit this ture and recently listeners have year. At a time when British increased and twenty-six openly The Paris Mission Oentennial and American missionary socie- confessed Christ. They testify ties have been struggling with to changed lives, new outlook The Paris Mission this year increasing deficits, the Church and a purpose to serve God and celebrates the centennial of its of Scotland has actually in- their fellow men. Many also missionary work in Basutoland, creased its income by £18,000 testify to physical healing in an- its oldest field. Last year the over the previous year. During swer to prayer. Some were number of baptized rose to 3,000 1932 money was set aside in or- formerly atheists, materialists, over against about 2,000 in other der to reduce the small outstand- communists, or formal Chris- years. More than two thirds of ing debt of the Missionary So- tians without vitality. Many the country is comprised in the ciety.-United Church Review. were converted through the hill country of Malutis, where reading of the Bible for the first the population increases greatly Jews in Portugal time. This work is carried on, every year. Up to the present not only in Paris, but in Brus- the work was conducted entirely The Maranos of Portugal are sels, Sevres, Mendon, Aix-les- by native ordained pastors; but Jews who in the fifteenth cen- Bains, Marseilles, Nice, Lyons the rapid increase of the poputury were forced by the Inquisi- and elsewhere. A paper, The lation has given rise to problems tion into the Church of Rome. Prisiv, and other Christian lit- which now necessitate the plac- They have secretly treasured ing of a European missionary. Jewish traditions, and when they erature are published. were freed by the revolution in Leipzig Mission Anniversary Portugal, missions were sent by "Russian Missionary Service" the Jews of America and Europe On October 5th the Leipzig to recover them to the Jewish "Russian Missionary and Re- Mission observed the fortieth faith. A synagogue was built anniversary of its work in Affor them, and forty thousand lief Service" is a neworganiza- rica, that being the day when turned their backs on Rome but four new missionaries under the refuse to give up their faith in tion under the direction of Rev. guidance of an India missionary the Lord Jesus Christ. They at- of the same society laid the fountend neither church nor syna- 1. V. Neprash, who spent nine dations to the work. The begingogue. Sir Leon Levison says in nings were made at Nkarungo The Hebrew Christian that months of last year working in in the district of Madjame near among the many deputations the Kilimanjaro. The Leipzig which came to him in Jerusalem five countries in Europe. He Mission looks back upon the hiswas one in behalf of these Mara- tory of its African mission with nos, urging the Hebrew Chris- found 80,000 of the former Rus- great gratitude to God, since He tian Alliance to give them in- has blessed the work with notastruction. They said that of the sian intelligentsia in Paris alone, ble success, notwithstanding nine Jewish missionaries sent to great difficulties especially in the convert these Hebrew Catholics and 340,000 in France, also war period and the succeeding to Judaism four became Chris- hard years. tians, and the other five have about 10,000,000 Russians and given up the task.-S. S. Times. Zionist Oongress in Prague Ukrainians in Poland. All of Among Russian Refugees in The eighteenth Zionist Con- France these constitute a large field for gress has been concluded in Prague, Czechoslovakia. The The Russian Refugee Mission missionary effort. The Execu- delegates numbered 316, elected (1 Rue Jaques Offenbach, Paris by over half a million Zionists in XVI), of which Mr. George Ur- tive Committee includes leaders 46 different countries. The openban is superintendent, is doing ing ceremony of the Congress a good work helping the needy from all sections of the United was attended by some 4,000 per- -The Pilot. sons. Present conditions in States.

Missionary Bandit A visiting pastor of the Nismes prison in France writes to the American Bible Society: My attention had been directed to a man, sentenced to penal servitude-a real bandit, from his antecedents- who listened always attentively and composedly, and every Sunday asked. for a New Testament. One day a guard said to me: "You just watch that fellow. He slips secretly into the effects of those that leave for the [ 613]

Germany gave added importance heavy stones on their heads for follow Christ, is alive and well to the proceedings. The Jewish a few coppers each, walking the again, and all the people say, 'Je- situation was dealt with in two 25 miles. sus has healed him.' " addresses, one on "The Position The church is in Gothic style, -Evangelical Christian.

of the Jews in the World" and with two types of stone, red Across the Sahara the other on "The Settlement of brown and gray limestone. A German Jews in Palestine." tower can be seen for miles, and Mr. Dugald Campbell, F.R.G.S., Trenchant indictment was made it will contain a clock and bell. has recently completed his secof Hitler's policy regarding the At the dedication 2,500 people ond great journey as an agent Jews. crowded in to thank God that of Scotland's Bible Society to Much of the time was taken such a house of worship had been circulate Scriptures in African up with a consideration of ways made a reality. and means to secure the opening territories hitherto practically -Congo Mission News. untouched. His journey from of the gates of Palestine to a greater immigration of Jews, A Modern Miracle Kano in Nigeria to Algiers was attended with the greatest danand the consummation of the National Home. Dr. Tom Lambie, a medical ger. Near Tessaoua the carbu- missionary in Abyssinia, tells of retor of his car caught fire, and -Evangelical Christian. the following modern miracle: only after a desperate struggle Achievements in Bulgaria On Sunday, January 22, 1933, was the fire extinguished by throwing on sand. After passing While the American Board is we were visiting the Soddu, Wa- Aderbissinat he ran into a ragwithdrawing its mIsSIOnaries lamo, Mission station in south- ing sandstorm, which was folfrom Bulgaria, work begun has ern Abyssinia, a devil worship- lowed by a cloudburst. Between not been abandoned. The four ing tribe. Our message was outstanding achievements of the from Mark 2: 1-12, the healing that and Tamanrasset he almost work of the Board in Bulgaria despaired of life, and for nine are: of the paralytic who was let days was in the utmost peril. At down through the roof. Empha- sis was placed upon the two mir- one spot he had to jettison much 1. The translation of the Bible into acles. First, the forgiving of the of his goods, including a case of Bulgarian language. man's sins, and second, his heal- Scriptures, the only way of es- 2. The founding of churches and ing from paralysis. Almost at cape from death in the desert. Sunday schools throughout the coun- He has now reached Glasgow, try. once a sad-faced man said: 3. The pUblication of Zornitsa, a and though much shaken by his weekly periodical now in its 52d year, "Does this mean me? My son is hazardous experiences, he hopes at the point of death. Will Jesus the oldest newspaper now published to tell of the wondrous ways in in Bulgaria. raise my son as He did the one which over 30,000 Scriptures you have told us about? I have 4. The founding and development been to all the witch doctors and have been circulated throughout of the Samokov Schools.

This work was initiated in have prayed and sacrificed to the Sahara. devils and he is no better. If I -National Bible Society of 1859. Scotland. bring him to Jesus, will He heal Christians in Nigeria AFRICA him ?" New Church at Bibanga "May I ask you a question in In its fifteen years, Bibanga, reply," while the congregation The Tangales are an unmission of the Congo Protestant waited in dead silence, "If Jesus reached tribe of Nigeria, 1,000 Council, has had five or six heals your son will you and your miles from the coast in West structures for worship, each house turn from these devils and Africa's interior; in the main, larger than the last, but all built follow Jesus with all' your a friendly tribe, 40,000 of them, of mud, grass and sticks. A hearts ?" "I will," was his earn- almost universally unclad. Their great missionary center like this est reply. "You are all witnesses covering, if any, is raw hide and needed a substantial building, an of his words" was said to the green leaves. They have lived inspiration to the natives and an congregation. "Weare," they in complete illiteracy, with no example for other churches. Un- replied. records of their past. The Britder the skilled hands of Rev. "After the close of the meet- ish and Foreign Bible Society Earl S. King and a large group ing Dr. Hooper and Miss Mac- made a beginning in 1917; by of native workers, a beautiful Gregor, our nurse, went to the 1920 the Gospel of Luke was stone church has been erected, home of the boy, and found him, made available in their strange the consummation of years of la- humanly speaking, quite hope- tongue. By degrees ten other bor. It was first necessary to less. Prayer was offered. books of the Bible were prebuild a road over twelve miles "We had to leave for another pared, and by 1930 the whole of steep hills and deep valleys. province but a letter from Miss New Testament was translated. Ten men working from 7 a. m. MacGregor dated January 29th In the two church groups over to 7 p. m., carrying 2,400 pounds was received, saying, 'You will 1,000 persons gather each Sunof rock on pushcarts over these be delighted to hear that the boy day. Each group supports a namiles received about 14 cents who was so ill, and whose father tive leader. There are thirty each per day. Women carried promised if he were healed to "out schools," whose thirty lead-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ers are self-supporting from WESTERN ASIA women in the afternoon. Night their own farms. All the build- Turkey's Creed schools are also being estabings are erected at the believers' lished in many places.

expense. These Tangale Chris- According to Current History, According to a Turkish peritians have their own Bible every elementary school child odical, the Jumhuriyet, of forty School, with two large rooms, throughout Turkey must recite thousand villages in Turkey only furnished with desks and seats the following creed every mornfor 200 men and 100 women. ing: four thousand have schools. In thirty-six tho usa n d villages -The Bible in the World. I am a Turk, honest and industri- many millions of peasants have ous. My duty is to protect those no means of learning to read Okrika-"Never Changing" weaker than I, to respect my elders, and write.-Congregationalist. Okrika is a little island in the swampy delta of the River to love my country sincerely. My Syria Mission Moves Forward ideal is to raise myself higher and to continue in the path of progress.

Niger, in Africa. On this island I make a gift of my existence to the The ability of Syrian Chrisis a town by the same name, existence of Turkey. tians to keep up payments to Okrika, which means "Never their preachers has been grow- Changing," so called because the Gedik Pasha School Closed ing less and less. Unfortunately, people declared that nothing a low state of spirituality has would ever alter their customs. At the 1933 annual meeting followed. Recently some for- When Archdeacon Crowther, the the Near East Mis s ion the ward steps have been taken. son of the "Black Bishop" so American Board was obliged to Without any suggestion from well known in early missionary end the work of Gedik Pasha the missionaries a small group labor in West Africa, first came School in Stamboul, a work that of Syrian workers asked permisto Okrika, he was warned that has continued for nearly half a sion to solicit gifts from their every stranger who went to the century. Urgent financial strin- own number to help the mission town was killed and eaten. On gency necessitated this step. No keep in operation the schools the very site where once a huge free students were received, but threatened with closing. Anjuju house was the scene of all throughout the school's history, other group among the preachsorts of sacrifice, there now applicants able to pay full price ers in the churches arranged for stands a splendid new church. have been turned away for lack a gathering of their own number of room. Attendance averaged before the meeting of presbytery -Forward. 200 from 1895 until the Great to prepare for it spiritually. War. Through revolutions, Bal- Their main topic was "What African Women's Work kan wars, even through the is the matter with us that our World War, the school kept churches are so spiritually cold?" The Women's Manyano in the right on. They got together on Monday Methodist Church of South Af- and cleared up various misunrica parallels a Woman's Auxil- Technically, the school has derstandings among themselves iary, and to inaugurate any been merged with the one at and the result was a brotherly work without its organized sup- Scutari, and the Gedik Pasha spirit to face serious problems. port is to court failure. It has Sunday school, which has con- A general reduction of 40 per a history of fifty years, and is tinued uninterruptedly for fifty- cent in salaries was accepted found in almost every circuit. one years, is not stopped by this without murmur. It is when a new building must move, being held in the Gedik be erected that the manyano dis- Pasha Church as formerly. -Presbyterian Advance. tinguishes itself. Being fully organized, each community is -Missionary Herald. INDIA AND BURMA given a bag and on a given day the following ritual is observed: Wanted-Education Apparently no country in the the women go outside, then re- world is more interested in low- Plague Increasing enter, headed by the minister's ering its percentage of illiteracy wife, or the most respected mem- than is Turkey. The minister of Plague, bubonic, in places also ber of the church, and as they education is taking measures for pneumonia and smallpox, are on pass the table they place the the education of the peasants the increase in western India. bags on it. Some of the bags and wandering tribes. A spe- In spite of all that the governare closed by having money put cial committee has been ap- ment has done and is doing, on top of them; it may be 2s 6d pointed to propose definite meas- these epidemics are spreading. or :£1, and then the meeting must ures for the villagers. Provi- Villages that have been free give more than :£1 Os 6d, and of- sions have been made according from these plagues for several ten when that is given, someone, to which each village will have a years have become reinfected, or a combination of persons, person to serve as teacher, doc- and people are growing careless will give 30s to keep it closed. tor and leader. There will also because the situation seems And then of course, more than be movable schools, which will" hopeless to them. Medical mis- 30s must be given to open it, stay for four months in each vil- sionaries in this area are fight- lage. They will teach boys in ing a hard battle. and so the fun goes on. -Presbyterian Advance. -Christian Advocate. the morning, and men and

Infant Mortality This British official describes live in huts which can pass for According to the B 0 mba y the future in store for India: heaps of old packing cases and Chronicle, India has the highest "The outlook is gloomy to a de- bamboo crates. In other places, gree not only for the masses of "filth and squalor defy descripdeath rate in the world, with one the people who must face inten- tion." Women are employed as exception – China. Compared sified struggle for bare subsist- well as men, and are equally negwith the leading countries of the ence, but also for the upper lected. Medical relief and eduworld, India has the highest in- classes whose incomes depend on cational opportunities are serifant mortality. Out of every the production of surplus of ously inadequate, with no provithousand children born, 265 die crops and other commodities. If sion at all for welfare work. within their first three years. the entire product of the soil is Read "Mother India" to learn needed to provide for the urgent The committee recommends needs of the culivators, nothing that benevolent missionary bodsome of the reasons: ies be invited and given mone- True Indian Stewardship will be left for the payment of tary help and facility for im- rents or revenue, nothing to ex- proving moral conditions, and During the second week of change for other commodities or for educating and training them July there was held in Ludhiana even for the purchase of rail- and their children.

a five-day school for Lamberd- way tickets, and the whole social -Indian Witness.

art!. Each afternoon for an structure of India must inevi- Religious Population in Burma hour and a half "Christian tably be rudely shaken, if not The following table shows the Stewardship of Money" was completely destroyed." discussed. The teachers had -Agricultural Mission News. religious distribution of the pop- ulation of Burma. The total prepared this subject before the "Three to One" population is 14,647,497, an inopening of the school. After the crease of 11.2 per cent since five groups had studied for a For more than twenty years half-hour period all joined in a "Sam" Bawden has been super- 1921, and is distributed as folconference for one hour. At the close of one of these confer- intendent of the Criminal Settle- lows: ences a village elder offered the ment at Kavali, South India. following prayer: "0 God, shut This notable piece of social and Per 1,000 moral reconstruction has not Buddhists …… 12,348,037 843 Animists ……. 763,243 52 off the American money and Mohammedans .. 570,953 39 then make it possible for the Indian Church to carryon the escaped the blight of depression, Hindus …….. 584,839 40 Christian work, also make it pos- and both its supporters – the sible for us to retain the Ameri- Christians ….. 331,106 23 can missionaries." In another British Government and the conference a village elder re- Baptist Mission-have been com- Others ……… 49,319 3 marked that pastors must have pelled to reduce appropriations. their salaries from one source Mr. Bawden was transferred to There has been a continuous only. On still another occasion Madras to become treasurer of one of the elders made the re- the South India mission and pas- decline in the proportion of quest that such a Stewardship tor of the Vepery Baptist of Money Conference should be Buddhists since 1931, and a corheld in their local circle so that Church. In addition he takes all members of the church may charge of the Madras-Telugu responding increase in the numbe invited and taught. field evangelistic work. Thus three large tasks are assigned to ber of Hindus, Mohammedans -Indian Witness. one man. Mr. Bawden has and Christians. Challenge to Villages trained two native workers who will continue at the Kavali Set- The Christian population is tlement on the reduced budget. made up as follows: -Missions. Per 1,000 Baptists ……… 212,990 643 Roman Catholics .. 89,678 271 Church of England 22,853 70 Presbyterians …. 1,031 3 Methodists ……. 1,982 6 Others ……….. 2,572 7 Among the races of Burma, the animists or spirit worship- Taking India as a whole, ac- Street Sweepers of Calcutta pers have been most receptive to cording to the Director General Christian truth. of Indian Medical Service, only A special committee appointed by the Government to formulate -Burma News.

39 per cent of the people are schemes for improving condi- CHINA well nourished; 41 per cent are tions among the sweepers of Associated College Boards poorly nourished and 20 per Calcutta reports the estimated cent are very badly nourished. number of sweepers as about A new organization, the Asso- The average span of life-now 14,000, of whom 2,000 are ciated Boards for Christian Colfallen from 25 years to 22-is housed in barracks. With a few leges in China, the outgrowth of less than half of what it might exceptions, conditions are said more than a decade of efforts to be. One of every five villages to be deplorable; as an instance, unify the program of Christian has perpetual scarcity or fam- sweepers attached to the Sir universities and colleges, closed ine, and epidemics of cholera, Stuart Hogg Market, at a dis- its first fiscal year in June. The plague and smallpox are com- tance of a few hundred feet from Council of Higher Education, monplace occurrences. the Central Municipal Office, the Permanent Committee for

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the Coordination and Promo- 1928 and in the later Butterfield Assuming a present church tion of Christian Higher Educa- report. The Council urged each membership of 400,000, there tion in China, and a group of the of its constituent churches to ex- has been a decline of from 50,- larger union and interdenomina- periment in at least one rural 000 to 75,000 in recent years. tional universities were com- community parish, and to help The share of the Church in the bined October 27, 1932, in the its workers to obtain specialized awful vicissitudes of China in Associated Boards. Ten colleges training to enable them to meet recent years admittedly accounts and universities are served; dur- more adequately the demands of in part for the high ratio being the past year they enrolled rural ministry. It also recom- tween losses and gains. Another nearly 4,000 students, about one- mended a "pool" of expert per- recognized factor is the definite fourth being women. Their sonnel for the service of all the anti-Christian movement and a more than 5,000 graduates are rural par ish e s in the area, deliberate attempt to overthrow serving in every province of through the formation of a rural the Church. China, many occupying high po- service union to consist of rep- -Presbyterian Advance.

sitions in state affairs. resentatives of regional rural Shanghai's W. C. T. U. Se.ttlement The executive officers of this service unions and of the more new organization receive, hold important institutions engaged and disburse, keep records, and in the training of rural leaders The only charitable work in carryon all necessary corre- with others chosen at large by China started and maintained by spondence between the home the executive committee of the Chinese women is the Settlement base and the field. They pur- Council. Cepter in Shanghai under the chase supplies, handle transpor- W. C. T. U., of which Mrs. Her- . -Agricultural Mission man C. E. Liu is president. She tation and salaries of Western Notes. writes: staff on furlough, and invest and School Health Exhibit At the beginning of the new year reinvest funds of the several col- there were in Shanghai twenty thouleges. They also enlist interest Crowds totalling 25,000 per- sand flood refugees, camped on the sons attended the first school northern side of the city, among them and support in North America. health education exhibit, held -Missionary Herald. five thousand children. In cooperation with the local government and differ- Christian Higher Education this summer in Shanghai. It ent charity organizations we sent was prepared by 205 schools and workers down there daily to help care The number of students in the for the little ones. Thousands of Christian colleges and universi- was housed in Nantao Christian Institute, a settlement house in a homes have been destroyed by the war, so we opened as a refugee camp ties has risen from 4,7JO in 1931- crowded part of the city. The the Shanghai Woman's Temperance 32 to 5,638 in 1932-33. In spite displays, mostly posters and Hostel in the French Concession for of the necessity of rigid econo- models, manifested great in- this class of young women. Now this mies, the colleges are succeeding genuity on the part of teachers in maintaining themselves, and and pupils. A constant succes- "camp" is constantly in demand, for it sion of plays, motion pictures has become known as one of the safest in some instances continuing to places in China for young women. grow. About 1,000 students, or and stereopticon lectures was Here we find girls who work for difone in five, come from Christian given, either in the auditorium ferent firms, in schools, in private homes. About one-half received or in a large mat-shed erected in homes as tutors and nurses; those their education from Christian the courtyard. The mat-shed who are waiting for jobs; those who middle schools, and nearly one- come from abroad to enter schools; half are professing Christians. theater was always crowded. and broken-hearted young women who The mayor of Shanghai, Wu Teh have been deserted by their husbands.

An analysis by a Chinese news- Chen, opened the exhibit, and In this big family we prohibit drink- Chinese boy scouts kept order. ing, smoking and gambling, and teach paper shows that out of about a them high ideals by lectures, personal -Presbyterian Banner. talks and reading in our little library. thousand names appearing in China's Who's Who, not less Fact Finding -Christian Advocate.

than 175 were those of Chris- Although centuries ago the Moslem Tribe Discovered tians.

-The Church Overseas. Chinese invented census-taking, To the list of strange peoples Strengthening Rural Churches today the population of China is periodically discovered in north- quite as uncertain as the mem- west China is now added an- The National Christian Coun- bership of the Christian Church. other-a Moslem community cil, at its biennial meeting last Estimates run from 350,000,000 from Samarkand, Central Asia, May, reaffirmed its conviction to 500,000,000. If 400,000,00 is which for six centuries has been that one of the most valuable taken as a conservative estimate in the region of Kansu, on the contributions which Christians Protestant church members con- south bank of the Yellow River, can make to China in this period stitute about 0.1 per cent of the west of Lanchow. The people of reconstruction is a thorough- population, and the total Protes- speak Turkish as it was spoken going strengthening of the rural tant community about 0.19 per' when the Turks first crossed work of the churches along the cent. If some 2,489,000 'Catho- from Asia into Europe, and general lines laid down at the lics are added, the total Chris- dress in the costumes of that Jerusalem meeting of the Inter- tian body reaches 0.8 per cent day. They call themselves Sa- national Missionary Council in of the population. lars. Their records have been

brought to light by G. Findlay pIe over the border in the Y!Jn- unsafe for foreigners. The past two Andrews, an American mission- nan Province, China. Finding years have shown wonderful changes ary, who found that prior to the that the Tai people in a large here, so that we have become a model arrival of a "descendant of the area of Yunnan and elsewhere in province in many respects. Chiang Prophet" in Samarkand, the Sa- South China were responsive to Kai Shek paid us a visit this fall, and lars dominated the country. the Gospel a large mass move- on leaving complimented the governor. After his arrival, as they de- ment started among them, Our roads are models for other provclined to accept the moral pre- though wide and vigorous itiner- inces. That does not mean that we cepts of the Koran and followed ation in spite of hardships and are seething with automobile traffic; only its predatory teachings, he privations. A second station was for we have only two or three good commanded them to seek an soon established in Yunnan at roads, simply connecting the main abode elsewhere, and was able Yuankiang, and Dr. and Mrs. cities; but these are fine, and would to make them obey. Parke went to reside there in pass as excellent anywhere. There 1922. In 1923 these two stations has been very little trouble from Com- On the eve of their departure were set up as the Kiulungkiang munists, save on the eastern border, he gave them a copy of the Ko- and Yuankiang Stations of a where they seep in from neighbOring ran, a white camel, a bag tilled new Yunnan Mission of China. provinces. The attitude of the peowith the earth of Samarkand ple toward us as foreigners is very and a cruse of its water. They Dr. and Mrs. Park devoted much better than it was formerly. were to travel toward the rising their energies chiefly to Yuan- In fact, prospects in Hunan are sun. The white camel was to kiang and to the large unevan- bright in every respect, and not least guide them to a place where the gelized regions to the north and as regards our opportunities as workearth and the water were identi- south. They did not merely the ers with Christ. cal with the earth in the bag and work of hospital and dispensary, the water in the cruse. There but engaged in enthusiastic The chief educational center they were to build their homes, evangelism, in the development of southeastern Hunan is Hengand be guided by the passages of schools for boys and girls and chow. carefully marked in the Koran. of young Chinese churches. Their arrival in the Kansu re- JAPAN-CHOSEN gion was near the end of the Dr. Park was not a robust man 14th century. but a brave one. One of the rul- Sunday Schools in Odd Places ing principles of his life was to -New York Times. reach with the Gospel those who A Christian worker at Hako- were not likely to be reached by date superintends seven village A Pioneer Doctor in Yunnan others, and not only to lead them Sunday schools which are to Christ but to make them mis- taught by high school juniors A doctor has unusual opportu- sionaries to their fellow tribes- and seniors. She writes: nities as an evangelist. His care men among the multitudes of for men's bodies opens the door illiterate people held in bondage Every Sunday about one o'clock to minister to their deeper needs. by fear of evil spirits. He took twenty-five Christian schoolgirls sud- But not all doctors enter this his share also in introducing denly changE: into teachers and set off door. Dr. Charles E. Parke, a Christian literature in the Tai in all directions to their tiny buildmedical missionary of Yuan- language. Ready to endure ings. One is in a near-by village kiang, Yunnan, who died in the hardship, and carrying on his where no other service is held, so isolated station in far western medical work in quarters which much out of the world that even China on August 17, was one would be considered impossible lepers live with other folks there. who magnified his office as a by an American doctor, he One school is held in a room used at missionary physician of the longed for more adequate facili- night by a fencing club. The fierce Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. ties and larger opportunity to masks and chicken-breasted protectors minister to the physical and hang all around the walls and the He was born on July 23,1881, spiritual needs of the people. children worship in the middle. One at Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. At times he found it difficult to school is in the town fire house-the From boyhood he hoped to be a be patient with what seemed to engine has the front half and the chilmissionary and after study at him the failure of the American dren the back. It must be a strain on Wooster College, the Moody Bi- Church to realize and respond to fifty boys and girls to worship with a ble Institute at Chicago, the Uni- the tremendous appeal of thou- fire engine, but although lions and versity of Pittsburgh and the sands ready to give up their idol lambs have not come to live together Chicago College of Medicine and worship and fear of malevolent this other miracle does happen every Surgery, he was appointed in spirits in response to the re- Sunday. February, 1913, as a medical deeming Gospel of Jesus Christ. missionary to North Siam, where Twice a year all the children big he and his wife rendered devoted Becoming a Model Province enough to travel gather at school and service at Prae until 1920. In have a service. Three weeks ago that year they joined the com- A Presbyterian missionary in there were four hundred of them. pany of ardent pioneers from Siangtan writes: the Siam Mission who had re- -Forward. cently opened a new station at Hunan has long had the reputation Chiengrung among the Tai peo- of being one of the most disturbed Against Alcohol and radical provinces of China, rather Temperance sentiment is mak- ing gains in Japan. The eco- nomic crisis, instead of hinder- ing the work, has rather given it fresh impetus. The National Temperance League which met in Kochi was able to register the affiliation of 3,216 societies. The League decided to organize a woman's section and to endeavor

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK 6H

that each local society have a The sale of Christian literature subject is chosen and studied each women's group. has been greatly increased. week. Some of the subjects are sani- The National League organ- -National Bible Society of tation and health, child care, food, Scotland. clothing and education of children. ized every year a so-called law If they want to learn the alphabet we teach that also. enforcement week, insisting es- Getting Results pecially on the enforcement of Returns on Investment the Jaw which forbids the use of The Korean Methodist Church alcoholic beverages by minors. has published broadcast a list of Jacob Memorial Methodist the districts (26 in number), church in Chinnampo, Korea, -Indian Witness. with the names of the superin- built twenty years ago, is the tendents, and seven tabulated mother church of eight others, Education Promoted items regarding the evangelistic and of four self-supporting cir- work accomplished last year. In cuits. Recently a new parish A wealthy Tokyo broker, re- all but four Districts new groups house, roadway to the church tired from active business for were instituted, 48 in all; 343 and memorial gate have been sixteen years, has made a con- special meetings were held, at dedicated. They were all the tribution of one million yen to- which 9,028 professed conver- gift of Mrs. Chung, 83-year-old ward education in Japan, The sion. Kangsuh District led with Korean woman, who gave 700 fund will be administered by a 833 converts, 650 of whom are yen out of her total wealth of foundation, and will be used to reported as making good. Under 1,000 yen, saying the remainder provide education in colleges and the heading "Backsliders Re- would supply her needs while universities for children of poor claimed," 1,098 are reported. still on earth. parents. A part of the fund will also be used to feed 10,000 -Christian Advocate. undernourished children attend- More Than Alphabet ing the 490 primary schools in Tokyo. Donations of this char- Mrs. Pak Induk writes of her ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC acter are becoming more and work among rural women in the more frequent. Not many years Korea Mission Field. Papuan Leaders Conference ago they were practically unknown. Christian influence is After much prayer, and thinking Mr. Russell W. Abel of Kwato, undoubtedly one contributing how a large number of women and Papua, writes of a Leaders' cause.-Christian Graphic. young girls could be reached, I started Conference at Koeabule, with a "traveling school." I selected a cen- about 180 Christians, prominent New Life in Korea ter with a twenty-mile radius as one in their local communities, pres- working unit, and started schools in ent. They were divided into The National Bible Society of three villages. The procedure is like small groups of about twelve in this: I get acquainted with the lead- Scotland reports a sweeping ing family in that village. We talk each, and led by Kwato Mission revival in Korea. Many churches have enormously increased their about some familiar topics which cre- workers. Both white and Pa- ate a common interest and discover puan workers were kept hard at membership. One church with needs. The object of visiting is to work until late at night-with stimulate their desire for learning a 80 members has advanced to better, happier and richer life than private interviews without num- they now have. We set a time to 250, others from 150 to 250, and meet once a week. ber, and the all-important work others from 250 to 500. Four of prayer. The first great step On the date set from twenty to churches in Pyengyang district fifty women and children get together, was reached when people real- under a tree in late fall or early hired special preachers for one, spring, or in any large house in ized that they were clinging to, two or three months each. Three winter. We start the class by singnew church buildings are being ing. It is the first time in each wom- or hiding behind, the things they were asking God to remove erected and a fourth has greatly an's life that she has tried to sing. from their lives. The Holy She can hardly produce any voice at increased its number of helpers. all, but she gradually learns how to Spirit had many elemental The 41 churches supervised by sing and enjoys it. things to teach that were new to Dr. C. A. Clark with a total bap- Next comes the Bible story. I wish these Papuan Christians, about tismal roll of only about 1,000 you could see their faces glow when love and Christian marriage. are now superintended by five After the conference nearly pastors, five helpers, four Bible I tell them how Jesus frees women. everyone went away with a conwomen, and four preachers. The They ask: "Is that your religion? Is viction of a definite work to do. that why you learned? Do tell us more about Him. From today, we, too, determine to start a new life acmen's Bible Class enrolled 1,300 cording to His teachings." The new obedience had to be in the day time, and from 3,000 translated into daily practice; to 5,000 at night. The city class Then we play games. As with sing- confessions and apologies must for women enrolled 971. The ing, it is the first time for them to be made; past sins must be put learn to play games, since they were married. They run, jump and scream men's Bible Institute enrolled like children when they play games. right; testimonies must be given in the village. The climax 253, and the women's Bible In- Once again they all become children occurred early on the last morn- ing, in the intense calm in which stitute had 168 for a ten week's and forget their sorrows and troubles. session. Through playing games they learn to From farther afield people are work together. day dawns in Papua. All gath- After games, we talk of how to clamoring for workers to come make a home and community a better ered by the water's edge to witand teach them the Way of Life. and happier place. A very practical ness fifty men follow their Sav-

iour to the Cross and to be iden- preme importance to the indi- have united to form the Daily tified with Him in baptism. This vidual and the nation in these Vacation Bible School Council, was followed by an open air critical times. An enrolment of with headquarters at 100 E. communion service, at which 300 church members who will pledge 42d Street, New York. Mr. people were present. a readiness to "Do Their Part" Russell Colgate, closely associ- is recommended. Ten thousand ated with this movement since Bontoc Mission's Church Presbyterian ministers are be- its founding in 1901, is president ing enlisted as leaders in the of this Council. This coopera- Almost thirty years ago crusade. tive plan was decided upon in Bishop Charles Henry Brent the interest of greater unity in and the late Rev. Walter C. Union Considered Again administration and the further Clapp decided upon Bontoc as extension of a foreign program. the station for the pioneer work The Joint Committee on Orthey planned. They went to be ganic Union of the Presbyterian Down in Kentucky companions to people who fled Church in the U. S. A. and the at their approach, a savage, United Presbyterian Church of The whole nation was shocked naked people, feared by all their North America have completed early this year by the tragedy neighbors on the mountain-tops. the formulation of a "Plan of of an aged mother in Kentucky It was then the duty of the Union," which will be distrib- brutally slain by her son. The Bontoc to take the heads of his uted to those interested on, or incident led to the sending of an enemies. So fiercely did they before January 1st. If the 1934 American Sunday School Union wield the head-axe that in this General Assemblies of the two colporteur to investigate condipresent year, nearly two genera- churches vote to submit the tions in that community. His tions later, the people of Sagada Plan to their constituents, the discovery that there had been no and Besao keep off the trails af- votes of said constituents will be religious instruction or Bible ter dark at the seasons when the reported back to the 1935 As- teaching there for a generation, Bontocs used to go raiding for semblies. At the earliest, there- led to an enlistment of the better victims. Even in this Christian fore, the proposed organic union element for the formation of a generation the head hunting in- cannot become effective before Sunday school for Bible study. stinct would not be denied. A 1936. Obviously, the Plan calls Few Bibles were owned, poverty missionary tells of her conster- for some concession on each was great, so the colporteur ofnation at finding a volume of side, but in no particular is there fered a New Testament to all Dore's illustrated "Life of any surrender of anything essen- pupils under twelve, and a Bible Christ" sadly mutilated. Only tial in doctrine, government, dis- to all over twelve, who attended by degrees was the truth cipline or worship. every Sunday for the first quarlearned. The children had cut ter. He found, at the end of the out the heads of all who had any- Newspaper with a Unique quarter, that this offer called thing to do with the crucifixion Record for 20 New Testaments and 50 of their Lord! Bibles. A donation solved his The Christian Observer, Pres- problem and cheered the recipi- In 1908, Rev. Edward A. byterian publication of Louis- ents. The attendance of the Sibley joined Mr. Clapp and ville, Ky., is the only weekly re- Sunday school had risen to over continued until his death in ligious newspaper in the world 100. The superintendent writes 1931. Through their faith and that has completed 120 years of that "we are making up money labor a church has been built up continuous publication. When to build a new church house and and a new building was conse- the nineteenth century began Sunday schooL" The atmoscrated last year. there was not a single religious phere of the place has decidedly paper published in the world. changed. -Spirit of Missions. The writings of Hume, Voltaire, and Thomas Paine were then -Bible Society Record. NORTH AMERICA commonly read. Under such conditions the Christian Ob- Christians and Jews in Spiritual Recovery Crusade server was founded. Some two America score families have been sub- A Spiritual Recovery Crusade scribers during the entire 120 Negotiations for a merger of is being launched throughout the years; forty-five families during the two large interdenomina- United States by the Presbyte- 100 years; while seventy-four tional agencies for the Christian rian General Council. At a Sep- families are on the roll of sub- Approach to the Jews in Amertember conference of committee scribers for seventy-five or more ica are under way. These agenchairmen the mobilization of the years. cies are the North American entire Presbyterian Church for Section of the International a spiritual recovery crusade in – Watchman-Examiner. Committee on the Christian Apthe near future was recom- proach to the Jews and the Joint mended. The intention is to D. V. B. S. Movement United Department of Cooperating urge the conviction that the Boards. These two bodies are spiritual leadership of the The World Association, and aiming at fusion in order to Church, interpreting the pro- the International Association of avoid misunderstanding among gram of Jesus Christ. is of su- the Daily Vacation Bible School

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

supporting agencies and a seem- but very few can add "of the throwing all Latin America into ing duplication of effort, as well World." The Union Church in confusion. as to secure a unified presenta- the Panama Canal Zone is cortion of the work, a unified ap- rectly described by that title. -Christian Advocate. proach to the Jews by Christian Six thousand four hundred and forces of America and united ac- thirty-two ships passed the In Surinam tion by them. This will involve doors of the Union Church in the creation of one central agen- 1929, flying the flags of twenty- A little known, but especially cy where there are now two. one nations. There are four remarkable mission field in The Home Missions Council- civilian communities of Ameri- Dutch G u ian a, is Surinam. including the Council of Women cans in the Canal Zone-Balboa, Here the Moravian missionaries, for Home Missions-and the In- with the government offices; about sixty Germans, are workternational Missionary Council Cristobal, the commercial cen- ing among the most varied races. are concerned in this action. ter; Gatun and Pedro Miguel, The great mass is that of Cre- the settlements by the great oles and the descendants of run- Facing aNew Challenge locks. There are 8,109 Ameri- away Negro slaves, who live in cans among the 24,056 people re- the jungles. Besides these the The Women's Missionary ported in the census. There is a missionaries are serving the Magazine contains a comprehen- congregation of the Union East Indians and Javanese who sive survey of the contributions Church in each community. were brought here for coolie lawhich Protestant missions have bor. Under the economic presmade toward fitting the Ameri- The m a j 0 r denominations sure which for the last ten years can Indian for positions of use- joined' forces with the Canal has been disabling the populaful service, and points out that Zone builders in the Union tion it is no wonder that the the Government's Indian policy Church, and $200,000 have been questions which agitate the rest since 1870 is a "by-product of invested in adequate church of the world are also being dis- Christian missions." These are buildings in Cristobal and Bal- cussed here and,so also red comthe achievements in the past: boa, given by seven denomina- munism is making great strides tional boards and citizens of the among Creoles, East Indians Christian forces have served Zone. The people on the Canal and Javanese. At the same in the building of communities, Zone raise locally all money to time the old forms of heathenin conserving cultural values, in meet current expenses, having a ism are being revived, animism making the Indian literate, in budget of $8,000 at Balboa and is again rampant and morality establishing cooperation with $6,000 at Cristobal. is going to pieces. The churches the Government, in improving in the country however are health, in providing recreation, -Federal Council Bulletin. awake and are pushing their and in reaching the neglected. work. In many instances the They are now venturing into a Cuba's Extravagance and population is even inviting their new field – that of religious Poverty services. teaching in government schools, and are formulating new educa- Out of Cuba's less than Gospel Launch on the tional policies. There are now Paraguay eighty-four government board- 4,000,000 population, over 2,- ing schools for Indian pupils- Paraguay has a popUlation of fifty-one reservation schools, 000,000 are actually on the verge t wen t y – 0 n e nonreservation of starvation. Yet the republic s c h 0 0 Is, twelve sanatorium schools, eighty-two government recently completed a $16,000,- about a million, including civihospitals, and fourteen sana- 000 capitol building. Its presi- lized Spaniards and wandering toriums, all of which are open to dential palace is three times the tribes of Indians. It is a bithe ministration of Christian size of the White House in lingual country, the official lanworkers. Character training Washington, and in recent years guage being Spanish, the naamong pupils of government all the business buildings near- tional tongue being Guarani, schools is practically a new op- by have been razed and a great spoken by Paraguay's original portunity, and one method of meeting it is the provision of tropical park spreading over inhabitants. Since 1921 mis- Christian homes for children at- many acres has been developed sionaries associated with Christending government schools, es- around it. A highway the whole tian Missions in Many Lands pecially those whose homes are length of the island was recently have systematically evangelized distant. completed at a public cost of a stretch of the great Paraguay LATIN AMERICA $100,000,000 and more. The River by means of a motor great mass of the people are il- launch. The vessel carries a World Cross Roads literate. Even twenty years af- rowing boat and small launch on ter the establishment of an edu- deck. It has sleeping accommo- Many churches use the title "Church at the Crossroads," cational system, over half of the dations for eight persons, is lit Cubans can neither read nor by electricity, and the galley is write. Radical, communistic and . fitted up for cooking operations. trade agitators take advantage A number of voyages have been of this situation to stir up hatred made from Asuncion, the capi- and suspicion, and may, conceiv- tal, northward to the city of ably, make Cuba a base for Corumba in Brazil, a distance of

about 850 miles, each voyage re- Commenting on the signifi- Article 3. I BELIEVE that in the fulquiring about twelve months. cance of these figures Dr. Sam- ness of time God fulfilled His prom- Nearly 130 ports are visited, also uel McCrea Cavert says: ise and sent forth His Son, His cattle ranches, farms, sugar eternal Word, Jesus the Messiah, plantations, lumber camps, tan- It is highly significant that in the Who was born by the power of the ning factories, meat packing so-called "era of prosperity," when Holy Spirit, of the Virgin Mary, plants and garrison towns. In the national income was shooting up- who was of the family of David, so these are represented nearly all ward to its highest peak, none of the that in Him the Word was made European races, but with a nat- increased resources flowed into the flesh and dwelt among us full of urally predominating element of channels of Christian service. The grace and truth. Paraguayans and Brazilians. people had more money but appar- Indians roam on the banks or ently the surplus was spent for per- Article 4. I BELIEVE that Jesus the paddle on the wide waters in sonal indulgence and the satisfaction Messiah is in very truth the Shetheir frail dug-out canoes. of material wants. But when the pe- kinah, the brightness of the Fa- riod of the depression came the peo- ther's glory, the very impress of Traveling thus up and down ple stood by the Church with note- His person, that He was made unto the river, the launch brings the worthy loyalty. Hard-pressed though us wisdom from God, and rIghteous- Gospel to the very doors of the they were, they did not-in the ag- ness, and sanctification, and that people; it is literally preached gregate–curtail their gifts to the 'by His Life, Death on the Cross and from "house to house." Many Church as much as their income had glorious Resurrection, He has achundreds of Bibles and Testa- been curtailed. This is most hearten- complished our Reconciliation with ments have been placed in the ing evidence of the hold that the the Father. hands of the people, while thou- Church still has on the hearts of the sands of Gospels have been dis- people. Article 5. I BELIEVE that the Father tributed. These are eagerly sealed all that the Son was, did and received by the people and treas- -Federal Council Report. taught, by raising Him through the ured by many. At last, seed is Holy Spirit from the dead, and that springing up in many places. Sunday School Missions the Risen and Glorified Lord ap- peared to many and communed with MISCELLANEOUS With a force of 139 workers, a them, and then ascended to be our reduction to the level of 12 years Mediator with the Father and to Giving in Prosperity and ago, on a salary scale below that reign with Him One God. Depression of the years before the World Article 6. I BELIEVE that the Holy Total contributions to Protes- War, the work of Sunday school Spirit, the Paraclete Who proceeds tant churches of the United missions has gone forward dur- from the Father and the Son, was States in 1932 were $378,000,000 ing the past year. These mis- sent to be with us, to give us asin round numbers, according to surance of the forgiveness of sin a study made for the conference sionaries have under their care and to lead us unto the fulness of of the promotional executives of 3,064 mission Sunday schools truth and the more abundant life. the principal denominations, held in New York under the with a total enrolment of 133,- Article 7. I BELIEVE that the Holy auspices of the Federal Council 000. A number of these points Spirit, Who beareth witness with of the Churches on September are also preaching stations. our spirits that we are the sons of 27. This was approximately Each Sunday school is located God, will quicken us in the resurforty per cent below contribu- rection when we shall be clothed in tions in 1929, as compared with in a community where there is the body which it shall please the a larger drop of fifty-four per no other religious organization Father to give us. cent in the national income dur- of any denomination. Last suming the same period. The fact that the giving to the churches mer 1,777 vacation Bible schools Article 8. I BELIEVE that the Church had declined less than the in- were conducted through their ef- of the Messiah is the family of God come of the nation during the forts, the highest record ever in heaven and on earth, the sancdepression was interpreted as an reached. tuary of the redeemed in which God exceedingly hopeful sign. The dwells and of which the Messiah 1929 con t rib uti 0 n s to the Hebrew Christian Creed Jesus is the only Head. churches were reported as $581,- 000,000, falling to $378,000,000 The quarterly magazine of Article 9. I BELIEVE that the Old and in 1932. The 1929 national in- New Testaments are the dIvinely come was eighty-five billions; the International Hebrew Christhe 1932 national income was set tian Alliance last January pub- inspired records of God's revelation at forty billions. It is noted lished eleven proposed Articles to Israel and the World and are the that the churches' share in the national income during these only rule of life and faith. years was not quite one per cent. of Faith for the Hebrew Chris- Article 10. I BELIEVE that it is the tian Church. They are: will of God, Who has graciously brought us into the new Covenant Article 1. I BELIEVE in God the Source that we should strive to be His wit- of all being, the Covenant God, the nesses, making the teaching and life Holy One of Israel, our Heavenly Father. of the Messiah our standard and example, till He comes again to reign in power and glory.

Article 2. I BELIEVE that God who spake at sundry times and in divers Article 11. I BELIEVE that the Church manners in time past to the fathers visible maintains unbroken continu- through the prophets promised to ity with the Church in heaven by redeem the world from sin and' partaking of the same blessed death in and through His Anointed, Sacraments of BaptIsm and of Holy Who would be a light to lighten the Communion and by confessing the Gentiles and the glory of His people same Father, Son and Holy Spirit, Israel. One Godhead.

~ .~ _:~I====~~~~~~~=~~===-=.,~

Our Missionary Bookshelf I Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information I ~'~I_ _~~~======================~=I~ The Word of the Cross to Hindus. of despair nor of doubt regard- chur~hes in Japan are worthy of By Edgar W. Thompson, M.A. 800. ing the outcome of the effort to speCIal study, and the autobi- pp. 327. 78. 6d. The Epworth make Christ known as the Light ography of such a leader as Dr. Press, London. of the world. The chapter on Kozaki is of large significance. :'M~~ern Trends Toward Pagan- Mr. Thompson was for 25 Ism uses the term in a popular His activities were varied and years a missionary in India and important. On graduating from sense, since "paganism" is not has now been for 14 years Sec- irreligious, but in so far as it is the Doshisha University, he went retary of the Weslyan Mission- coarsely secular society deserves to Tokyo and organized the first ary Society in London. This the rebuke here administered. Congregational churches in East Japan. He was one of the origibook illustrates the way in which A vigorous chapter deals with such a very thoughtful and de- change and enlargement in the nal organizers of the Young voted I!lan represents the Gospel missionary movement. So vital Men's Christian Association of to IndIa. The first half is an a movement cannot be stagnant. Tokyo and was elected its first "historical inquiry" and the sec- Dr. Franklin quotes with ap- president. At the same time he ond an "interpretation." It is proval the saying: "The Chris- published a monthly magazine another evidence of the illimita- and several weekly Christian ble riches of Christ· others tian statesman of today is the n~~sI?apers. When Joseph Hardy might construe His teaching and one who looks for no stereotyped Nllshlma, first president of the His work with a different pro- program, slavishly copied from Doshisha, died, Dr. Kozaki beportion and emphasis and ap- the past, but who studies the re- came his successor. He was one lationship of the mission enter- of the founders of the Japanese praisal, but this account of the prise to a world which is a very Sunday School Association and mission and the salvation of different world from the one was its president for seventeen Christ is full of freshness and which our fathers and our years, and was Chairman at one true significance. The latter grandfathers knew." This is a time of the National Christian half of the book is a commenda- commonplace to missionary lead- Council of Japan. He was retion of Christ to India in terms ers like Dr. Franklin and can peatedly honored by the Govof India's own consciousness of seem strange or striking only to ernment as a Christian repreneed and as transcending all that new and uniformed missionary sentative. He was invited to atis evil and imperfect in Hindu- students. A considerable bibli- tend an imperial wedding the ism and fulfilling all the true ography closes the book. It is coronation ceremony of the' Emlongings and desires of Indian hearts. It is a very interesting a foremost mission study book peror, at which, with six Budand profitable and worthy book. of the coming year and suggests dhist !lnd Shinto dignitaries, he many lines of thoughtful con- was gIven a gold cup, and was a R. E. s.

The Never Failing Light. By James sideration of the missionary en- guest at the imperial banquet.

H. Franklin. 207 I?P. Cloth $1, pa- terprise. CLELAND B. McAFEE. Dr. Kozaki was involved in oc- wcaistI.hOnaalstcroonntgrowvielrls, ieas'thaoromuganh pMeor,ve6m0 ecnetn, tsN. eMwISYSoIOrkn.ary19E3d3u. cation Reminiscences of Seventy Years an Autobiography of a Japanese Pas- .. The well-known Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign tDo.rD, .,by40t6heppR.evC. hHriisrtoimanichLii tKeroaztaukri~ gomg mdependent, and one of Mission Society has put into six the first of the Japanese pastors vigorous chapters a sincere ef- Society of Japan, Tokyo. $2.00. to accept the theory of evolution fort to "interpret the mind of It is a familiar axiom of mis- and the conclusions of the higher Christ for our modern world sionary policy that the ultimate criticism of the Bible, the advo- with all its confusions and baf- aim of foreign missions is to es-· cacy of which brought him into fling problems." The figure of tablish in each country a nation- conflict with conservative mis- the title is not carefully main- al church that shall be self-sup- sionaries. But his sincerity and tcaai~netdratyherloubgahcoku!t,o but the mind porting, self-governing and self- consecration as well as his abil- it from any propagating. It is equally axio- ity won universal respect and he Pomt m the dlSCussI·on. The rnat·IC that 1·f thOIS aI.m I.S t 0 be winafslueevnetiraylwfhaecrteorreciongnthizeedCahsrIa·sntreatment involves much adverse achI·eved, there must be compe-· tian movement in Japan. analysis of present facts and tent natI·onal Chri.st·Ian Ieader- In this autobiography, wrI·tten conditions but there is no note ShI·p. From t hIS ·V·iewpo.mt, the in 1926 at the age of seventy, Any of the books noted in these columns will [be62s3en]t by the REVIEW publishers on reeel.pt 0f prI.ce.

Dr. Kozaki tells the story of his Protestant Home Missions to Cath- years, but the work itself goes olic Immigrants. By Theodore Abel. back for over a century. At least life and the numerous changes $8.00. Institute of Social and Re- one great denominational board ligious Research, New York. 1933. sent its first home missionary to that he has witnessed, in many work among Roman Catholics in Professor Abel presents a the United States 113 years ago. of which he was an active par- brief study of the work of Prot- estant churches among foreign- We doubt the validity of Mr. ticipant. The volume was pub- language Catholic groups in Abel's conclusion that Protes- America. The study contains no tant missions among Roman lished in the Japanese language "revelations" of hitherto undis- Catholic immigrants have failed of their major objective. It would in April, 1927, and has now been covered facts. It is rather a com- be difficult to find any field of pilation of items with which missionary endeavor where the translated into English by his Protestant workers have long results have been more satisfac- been familiar. Its real contri- tory and gratifying. The churchbrother, NthareiaSkei veKnotzhakCi~llpergoe- bution is the evaluation of this fessor in material by a presumably disin- es are aware that foreign-lan- guage work in the United States Kagoshima. It is an account of terested party. is in process of transition, and great ecclesiastical bodies have a remarkable life. The reader The author undertakes the dif- set up machinery for assisting ficult task of analyzing the mo- churches during this transition will easily see that foreign mis- tives which have dominated period. In most foreign-language Protestant missionary enter- churches, a large proportion of sionaries have to "watch their prises among Roman Catholic immigrant groups, and he ar- the work is now carried on in the step" in dealing with Japanese English language, many such rives at the general conclusion of that type. While many will that Protestant churches set out, churches have already been some fifty years ago, to win merged with English language not concur in some of the opin- Catholic immigrants to Protes- tant Christian faith with the churches. i~ns freely expressed, we recog- idea that something correspond- ing to a "mass" movement would Within a few months it has nIze the fact that Christians in been my privilege to visit some develop. Since such a movement of the foreign-language church- Japan have leaders who stand has not developed he concludes es among Roman Catholic im- migrants in points extending upon their own feet and are de- that these missions have failed in their purpose. Our own judg- from Boston and New York on termined that their churches the East to the Pacific Coast and ment is that Mr. Abel's interpre- the Mexican Border. In practishall be but thoroughly Japanese. tation does not do justice to the cally every case, we found good facts. While the motives that sized congregations, large and ARTHUR J. BROWN. Mr. Abel mentions may have been present at some times or in active Sunday schools and alert Broken Bonds. By K. S. Malden. The some places, and may be in oper- and intelligent and consecrated Society for the Propagation of the ation in certain places even to- Christian pastors. In some cases Gospel, London. 1933. day, yet no one could have sat the buildings available could not through the myriad denomina- contain the people who wished to This history of the slave trade tional and interdenominational attend the services. There was in the West Indies and its aboli- conferences of the past twenty every indication that these tion was compiled by Miss MaI- years dealing with this mission- churches were leading intelliden from records and reports in gent people to a real worship of the archives of the S. P. G. It ary work and receive any such gives full credit to the Society of impression as Mr. Abel has God; that they were training Friends for the general move- gained from his study. There hundreds of boys and girls in the ment for abolition and states have been sharp differences of definitely that while the S. P. G. opinion, but the expectations of Christian Way of Life; that they ~s such took no prominent part promoting a mass movement of were providing interests and so- III the movement, individuals cial activities for young folk who connected with it did. Among Roman Catholics into the Protes- might otherwise have become these is included no less a man tant Church in America has not than Wilberforce himself. It em- played a large part in this work, hoodlums, law-breakers, and phasizes the fact that the Soci- certainly not in the past genera- gangsters, and that they were ety, in the course of its work in tion. The widely extended for- making many other contributhe North American colonies and eign-language work of Protesthe West Indies, prepared the tions to the welfare of the comway for the movement. tant churches among Catholic munities in which they existed. . Th~ book supplies a very elu- groups has grown up largely in These churches should be judged clda~Illg chapter on slavery in respons~ to the moral, spiritual, earlIer days, one on slavery in or SOCIal need of neglected on the basis of their contribution the plantations, one on the S. P. G. and slavery, one on the S. P. groups. Work among these to the lives of the people they are G. and emancipation and then the aftermath and a conclusion. Catholic groups naturally in- serving. One foreign-language The chapters on the spread of slavery are most informing and creased during the past fifty pastor within a period of ten the chapters bearing on the S. P. G. give a splendid review of months recently gave 429 letters the efforts made in the direction of abolition. The value of the book lies in the fact that it presents the result of research in the records of the Society, and gives material that is not easily accessible elsewhere.

C. T. BENZE.

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

of introduction to persons re- cants). This leaves out most of tional societies, independent misturning to Mexico from his com- Africa, the Moslem World, and sions and union undertakings. munity, yet his institution still has a substantial following. the Islands of the Pacific. There are some eighty Christian The Protestant m iss ion s It is illuminating to study societies working in behalf of a m 0 n g so-called "Catholic" groups in America have won even the incomplete statistics the Jews. thousands of individuals to Jesus Christ. They have helped mil- offered by the report of the Na- This Directory gives the total lions of boys and girls into lives of usefulness. They have made tional Christian Council of population of the world as 1,- the population of jails smaller. They have, in idealistic terms, China. We note, for example, 958,213,801. Of this number the interpreted America to multitudes of bewildered and lonely that in the ten years from 1920 religious affiliations are as folstrangers. They have broken down prejudice between Catholic to 1930 the communicant Protes- lows: and Protestant groups, and they have set in motion spiritual in- tant church membership in- Christians ………… 588,027,965 fluences, the results of which have not yet been tabulated and creased from 243,479 to 289,547 Protestant ………… 132,969,616 which, unless we develop spirit- or nearly twenty per cent. This Eastern Orthodox …. 127,295,825 ual perceptions somewhat more Roman Catholics …… 297,762,524 acute than anything at present growth is in spite of-or because Mohammedans …….. 218,982,875 known, will remain untabulated of-the difficulties due to anti- Jews …………….. 15,029,638 so long as the world shall stand. foreign and anti-Christian agi- Others (Non-Christians) 1,166,173,323 JAY S. STOWELL. tation, internal warfare, com- The largest Protestant group munistic and governmental The Directory of Foreign Missi'ons. changes. The 1930 "Directory is the Lutheran with 62,218,785, Edited by Esther Boorman Strong with the Presbyterians second and A. L. Warnshuis. 8 vo. 278 of Missions" in China shows (16,191,468), Methodists third pp. International Missionary Coun- 765 cities occupied-247 more (15,704,800) and Baptists and cil. New York and London. 1933. than in 1929 and 452 more than in 1928. In 1932 the Church of Episcopalians about equal (11,- The foreign missionary enter- Christ in China (the union of 610,065 and 11,691,364). prise is the greatest business and benevolent enterprise in the sixteen denominations from six Eastern Women Today and Tomorworld-as this Directory will countries) included 821 organ- row. By Ruth Woodsmall. 221 pp. prove. It lists the names, officers, ized Chinese churches and 1,204 addresses, incomes, objects and other preaching places, with 334 $1. The Central Committee on the work of some 250 boards, mis- ordained Chinese pastors, 1088 UCanmitebdridSgteu,dMy aosfs.Fo1r9e3ig3.n Missions. sions and societies engaged in the work of presenting Christ This volume is the Central and His Way of Life to the peoples in non-Christian lands. The evangelistic workers and 120,- Committee's for e i g n mission statistics are very incomplete but the North American socie- 676 members. study book for women for 1933ties spent in this enterprise in India, the Dutch East Indies 34. But this is not a book for 1931 over twenty-seven millions of dollars and British, Euro- and South Africa also offer op- women's missionary societies, pean, Australian and South African societies as much more. portunity for a study of the re- nor alone for women in general, The number of Protestant "native" Christians now enrolled in suIts of Christian missions. but for all who wish to underthese "younger churches" in foreign lands is said to be about But the chief value of the Di- stand the great sociological facts 4,000,000 but this volume gives figures only for Japan (218,- rectory is the up-to-date list of of modern times-the emergence 000); China (500,000, or 289,- 547 communicants); K 0 rea missionary organizations a t of woman throughout the world. (143,912); India (909,804 communicants and 1,761,732 other work for the promotion of evan- The authoress is preeminently Christians); Netherland Indies (437,898); South Africa (497,- gelical Christianity. The organ- qualified for making this survey 542); South America (about 900,000 Protestant communi- izations are listed with names through a long residence, with and addresses of officers, the ob- organizational responsibility, in ject of the society, the annual the Near East and through mem- income, the fields occupied, of- bership on the Commission on ficial periodical, and additional Higher Christian Education in explanatory notes. While not Japan and on the India Fact complete it is the most complete Finding staff of the Laymen's available. Missionary Survey and later as The United States of America one of their appraisers. As a leads with the largest number of result of these first-hand con- denominational societies (114) tacts with the Near and Far and the most cooperating agen- East the treatment is objective, cies and union efforts (47). and yet the factual material is England and America are about constantly interspersed and sup- equal in the undenominational ported with incidents and gleam- missions conducting for e i g n ings from interviews full of hu- work (49 and 51 respectively). man interest.

It is interesting and instructive The first eight chapters deal to note the number of Protestant with the present position of missionary societies in Germany Eastern women, for it is vital (46), in the Netherlands (23) . that all concerned should be and in South Africa (20). The aware of the new interests and mission fields themselves report activities of Eastern women.

a large number of denomina- The reader sees how the range

of these activities is steadily ex- supporters with all the facts. in order to be neighborly, as well tending from personal problems This book ably meets this condi- as for our own future protection, and social reforms to the funda- tion within the compass of its we ought to form bonds of symmental social and scientific prob- pages. lems of national life. DANIEL J. FLEMING. pathetic understanding with the peoples of those republics.

America Revolucionaria. By Samuel Those who read Spanish will The last four chapters deal Guy Inman. 8 vo. 340 pp. $1. Javier with the relationship of Chris- find in the volume an interesting tian missions to the development Morata, Madrid, or Committee on and colorful setting forth of Cooperation in Latin America. New present conditions and their of women in the new day. These York. 1933. chapters maintain a fine balance between appreciation for the Here is a new book, in perfect causes. He who reads it will be great and varied contributions Castilian, from the Executive of missions to Eastern woman- Secretary of the Committee on more knowing in regard to Latin hood in the past and construc- Cooperation in Latin America. tive criticism for the future. Dr. Inman has a long list of America, from a more exact The rapid forward movement of books in English to his credit, an educated minority in each knowledge there will come symcountry of the East necessitates on various phases of life in Latin a reorientation in point of view. America and Inter-America pathy, and from a deeper sym- No longer can the primary em- friendship. This is his second pathy a kindlier understanding. phasis be put on the differences venture in Spanish, both having between the women of the East been issued by publishers in The chapter titles will awaken and the West. Over and over again attention is drawn to the Madrid. interest: Attitude of the Liberal This recent work is a collec- Facing Revolution; Suggested fact that religious work for women cannot meet the present tion of addresses delivered in Roads for a New Order; Causes need or future opportunity with- universities and other cultural out radical adjustment. Educa- centers of Latin America, and of Recent Revolutions in Latin tion must be related more closely admirably sums up present-day with life. The old style "Bible America; In an Airplane Over Women" should be replaced by revolutionary tendencies, also explaining certain causes that the Andes; Modern Hispanic trained I e a d e r s. Devolution lie back of extensive unrest in should be encouraged, permit- the republics to the South. American Society; Some Social ting Eastern women to assume Dr. Inman is at home in any Experiments-Mexico, Uruguay, major responsibilities as rapidly one of the Latin American reas possible. Fundamental values publics, and has many friends Student Movement, Communism, in racial and cultural assets are among all classes of society. He to be recognized. was once introduced to an audi- etc., in South America; The Eco- ence as "a friend to Carranza A large place for the foreign and other bandits," but not all nomic and Spiritual Crisis; The missionary of the future is en- his friends belong to the ban- ditry. A leading Argentine au- New International Wodd; The visioned. But the missionary of thor in a beautiful introduction the future should be fitted by to this volume, has written, "In United States Facing the New training and by personality to every country he has friends, in every home his place at the Order; Three Types of Candicarryon work cooperatively and to call out creative leadership. table." dates in a Revolutionary world The technical qualifications of "A mer i c a Revolucionaria" such women will be higher than -Hoover, Stalin, Gandhi; Enin the era that is closing. There proves that its author has an inwill be much more non-institu- timate and sympathetic under- gineers versus Poets-a study of tional work and more recogni- standing of present-day political Anglo Saxon and Latin Attition of the values inherent in and social conditions in Latin normal friendly, human relation- America, and an affection for our tudes. WEBSTER E. BROWNING. ships. The position is taken that neighbors to the South, as they Child Neighbors in America. By Christianity must base its case, gradually free themselves from Elsie G. Rodgers and Dorothy F. their inheritance of monarchic- McConnell. 120 pp. $1. Friendnot on a destructive, undermin- ecclesiastical government and ship Press, New York. 1933. wrestle with tremendous modern economic and social problems. This is a complete, comprehen- sive and thoroughly practical course of study for use among primary children. Three units of study are introduced-moun- tain children, the second genera- tion of the foreign born (in- cluding the problem of child la- bor), and Negro children. The plan is to present the problems and conditions of these groups and to give practical suggestions for awakening interest and arousing a desire toward friend- liness for these "neighbor" chil- dren. The information about ing attack on other faiths but on The book gives much informa- each group is concise and coma positive emphasis on its own tion which people need to give plete in its characterizations. deep spiritual meaning of the us a clearer understanding of the There is an abundance of malife abundant. problems that vex our friends to terial for the leader to work It has long been the conviction the South of the Rio Grande. with, including source material of the reviewer that in the long Within the twenty republics of for further study. Programs run the best promotional litera- Latin America there is being and activities are suggested for ture for missions will acquaint built up a great population, and each group and period and sev-

eral fascinating stories are re- have made the book more inter- a convert from Islam has to meet. The remarks, therefore, lated for retelling to the chil- esting. are never commonplace but il- luminate the passage in the dren during the study periods. Nevertheless, the story does Gospel by applying it to present- day conditions. The purpose of the course is contain much that is thrilling Jesus said: If anyone would come to create a Christian attitude to- and any contact with such a life after Me, let him deny himself and take up his cross and follow Me. ward children of other classes is a tonic. Nancy Judson should What does this mean to me? and it offers wide opportunities inspire her young readers to be Clearly Jesus foresaw public dis- grace and a hard life for those who for instilling this sympathy and "up and doing in this" needy followed Him. A criminal carrying his cross could not also carry his understanding in their hearts world of ours-a world which purse or the honors of this world. Lord, help me to account Thy reand minds. ELSIE LARSON. desperately needs such a strong proach greater riches than all the treasures of Egypt. Ann H. Judson – The Missionary faith. FRANCES S. RIGGS. Heroine of Burma. By E. R. Pit- To those who desire to know kin. Pickering and Inglis, London. A Book of Instruction for Cate- how missionaries deal with 1933. chumens: Section I, The Life of Moslem converts, this book sup- the Lord Jesus Christ. By W. H. plies the answer. This is one of a series of mis- T. Gairdner and Constance E. Padsionary biographies written es- wick. 168 pp. S. P. C. K. Lon- SAMUEL M. ZWEMER. pecially· for younger readers. don. 1933. Zanahary in South Madagascar. By Nancy Hazeltine, who became Andrew Burgess. Illus. 12 mo. the wife of Adoniram Judson, is Canon Gairdner left a large 250 pp. Lutheran Board of Fora character to awaken wonder legacy to missionaries among eign Missions. Minneapolis, Minn. and admiration. The J udsons 1933. were pioneer missionaries to Moslems in his published and Burma in days when such an unpublished writings. The pres- Zanahary – Creator – i s the ent volume m 0 s t admirably old Malagasy for God. This volenterprise was a desperate ad- meets the need of a systematic ume describes the island and venture which only the stoutest handbook of lessons for Chris- people of Madagascar and tells of hearts could have endured tian Catechumens in Mohamme- something of their history, betriumphantly. dan lands. Earlier sections have liefs and the Christian mission appeared in Arabic dealing with work of the L. M. S. and Nor- Against hardships due to cli- the Commandments, the Creed, wegian Lutherans. Little is said mate and life lived amid primi- and the Sacraments, and can be of the work of the S. P. G. (Antive people; against persecution obtained through the S. P. C. K. glicians), the Friends or the by a hostile government which The book is admirably suited for French Evangelical Mission. cast her husband in prison and translation into other languages The Norwegian Lutherans engave her no provision or pro- and in its English form is well- tered Madagascar in 1866 and tection; against illness and un- nigh indispensable to all who settled in the South and the believable privation, Nancy Jud- deal with Moslem inquirers. American Lutherans took up son showed a strength of char- Every lesson on the Life of work in 1887. Now the total acter and a loving devotion to number of baptized Christians is Christ has, in addition to the 321,325, of whom the Lutherans her husband and to the cause of Scripture references, comment have 128,325. the Kingdom that makes her one and a special prayer for the use of God's noble women. Her zeal of the pupils. For example, in The story of early Protestant for helping others in the Mas- missions in Madagascar – from ter's name knew no bounds. Lesson XX on the Lord's Prayer 1818-is full of interest. Trad- Though the years brought great we have a pattern prayer given ers declared: "You might as hardships her strong faith in well try to teach the monkeys as Christ brought her through tri- as follows: the Malagasy" but David Jones umphantly. found the people both able and Our Father which art in heaven- eager to learn. He used for Her death came soon after the my Father and the Father of my "slates" pieces of wood, smeared British Army entered Burma little son. with grease and dusted with bringing security and protection ashes; for pencils he used sharpto the missionaries. This of- Hallowed be Thy name-in the life ened sticks. The language was fered an unprecedented oppor- and thought of my child. May he reduced to writing and the first tunity for missionary effort for reverence Thee, keep Thy name portion of the Bible was printed which the Judsons had long holy, and learn to worship Thee on a hand press in 1827. The prayed. with awe and love. period of persecution began in 1831 and missionaries were ban- In this brief account of a re- Thy kingdom come-through the ished in 1835. A period of markable career the author life of my little son may men martyrdom followed for thirty quotes largely from Mrs. Jud- learn to make Thee King.

son's diaries and letters. The Thy will be done, as in heaven so style is somewhat stilted and the on earth-by my little son in all author uses a religous phrase- his thoughts and words, his play ology which needs to be inter- and his work, may Thy will be preted to many modern youth. done as gladly and perfectly as A richer background depicting by Thy holy angels.

Burma and her people would Give us this day our daily bread- grant to my little son bread for body, mind, and spirit, suitable for his age and strength and growth. (Here pray for his teachers who supply bread fOl' his mind.) The authors know from their own experience what difficulties

years until Queen Ranavalona writes is given in direct popular veals the inexhaustible riches died in 1861. More than 10,000 form that makes the book read- found in Jesus Christ. We Christians were sentenced but able and suitable for young peo- know of no more simple, devout, the number of believers multi- ple who may consider devoting helpful and practical exposition plied fivefolt'.!. Now un d e r their lives to missionary work. than these expositions of Dr. French rule and Roman Catholic It is based on the New Testa- Erdman. influence the work is difficult but ment and on history but would continues. Papal missions have be strengthened by more con- Joseph Jackson Fuller. By Robert increased. crete illustrations from mission- Glennie. 64 pp. Paper, 6d. Carey ary experiences. Press. London. 1933. Many thrilling stories are told in this brief history. It is worth The Epistle to the Ephesians. An This booklet is one of the reading. Exposition. By Charles R. Erdman. 12 mo. 130 pp. $1. Westminster Torch Bearer series of biogra- The Ambassador Supreme. By Ed- Press. Philadelphia. 1933. ward D. Grant. Paper. 152 pp. phies. It tells the story of a re- Presbyterian Committee of Publica- Dr. Erdman, the Professor of tion. Richmond, Va. 1933. Practical Theology at Princeton markable Negro who was born Theological Seminary, has al- This is a modern presentation ready given us valuable exposi- in Jamaica, took high rank as a of the missionary enterprise as tions of the Gospels, the Acts seen in the missionary himself. and most of the Epistles. They student in the local schools, gave Humanly speaking, he is the key are clear, scholarly, spiritual and to the situation. If he fails to practical. This Epistle to the his heart to Christ, became a represent Christ the enterprise Ephesians d e a I s particularly fails, the Church contributions with the Church of Christ-its Baptist missionary to the tribes are wasted, the work on the field origin, power, and destiny. It is is fruitless and Christ himself is addressed by the Apostle to the on the West coast of Africa, endisappointed. The author is a Gentiles, the members of the Board Secretary and knows Christian brotherhood, and re- dured many hardships and danwhereof he speaks. What he gers with unflinching fortitude, preached the Gospel of Christ with joyous zeal, inspired with his eloquence great audiences during his furloughs in England, and died December 11, 1908, at the ripe age of eighty-three. It is heartening to read this excel- lent account of a noble life nobly lived. A. J. B.

Help Win the MOSLEM MILLIONS BY CHRISTIAN LIFE AND TESTIMONY The Good News of Christ interpreted to Moslems through the Christian life and literature is winning a hearing for the Gospel in many lands.

Will you help to supply this much needed Christian literature for millions who have never heard this Good News—in Egypt Syria Jrak China Morocco Palestine Persia Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Allbia Malaysia South Africa Send your help to the missionaries in these countries through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems Cooperating with Interdenominational Committees on the Field.

BOARD OF MANAGERS Willidm I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President •• Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L Pierson, of New York, Vice-Presidents Mrs. William Bdncroft Hill, Honorary Vice-President Mrs. William Borden Mrs. J. M. Montgomery Wilbert B. Smith Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treas. Rev. Robert W. Sedrle, D.D. Rev. Mills J. Tdylor, D.D. Dr. James Cantine, Cor. Sec. Rev. A. C. Snedd John W. Wood, D.C. L. Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Dr. John H. Rdven Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., Secretary Gifts may be sent to The Treasurer at 116 East 68th St , New York City. Apply for information to THE MOSLEM WORLD, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

Books Obituary Notes

Agricultural Missions: A Study Dr. William Summerill Vanneman, When You Require It Based Upon the Experience of 236 for over forty years a Presbyterian Missionaries and Other Rural medical missionary at Tabriz, Persia, We wish to extend to you an invi- Workers. Arthur L. Carson. 110 died there of pneumonia on October tation to become acquainted with pp. Agricultural Missions. Foun- 29th, at the age of 70. THE EVANGELICAL PRESS of dation. New York. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Dr. Vanneman was in charge of the Analytical Questionnaire for Course Presbyterian Mission city dispensary Thousands of institutions and individ- in Systematic Theology. Lewis at Tabriz where he gave effective uals have accepted a similar invitation, Sperry Chafer. 50 pp. Evangel- service to the city of 200,000 inhabit- and have enjoyed a profitable printing ical Theological College. Dallas. ants, where there are few trained association for years. doctors, and to patients from villages Address on the Song of Solomon. H. and towns that had no physicians. Our specialty is Books, Magazines and A. Ironsides. 137 pp. 50 cents pa- Booklets. We have modern equipment per; $1.00, cloth. Loizeaux Bros. His patients included the beggars to meet all the requirements of your New York. in the street and the wealthiest men particular job. Our service is quick, in the city. The diseases included all careful and courteous. The Church and the Great Tribula- kinds of common ailments as well as tion: What Is the Outlook. Wil- typhoid, measles, whooping cough, Why not allow us to estimate on your liam R. Newell. 32 pp. 20 cents. next printing? You will be delighted Scripture Press. Chicago. scarlet fever, diphtheria and small- with our product, price, and service. pox. The Finality of Jesus for Faith. Alex- The Evangelical Press ander Martin. 217 pp. $2. T. &; Dr. Vanneman was born in Penns T. Clark. Edinburgh. Grove, N. J., on Jan. 5, 1863, was Printers of graduated from the University of Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry- Pennsylvania Medical School in 1888, The Missionary Review of the World Home Base and Missionary Person- and was sent out to Persia in 1890 nel-Fact-Finders Reports. Orville by the Presbyterian Board of Foreign PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE: A. Petty, Editor. 199 pp. $1.50. missions. Harpers. New York. Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, P … *** Life Indeed-The Victorious Life in Kemp was also president of the New Four Aspects. J. Russell Howden. Dr. Inazo Ota Nitobe, a well-known Zealand Baptist Union. He was an 133 pp. 18.· 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Christian Japanese author and states- outstanding Christian evangelist. London. man, died of pneumonia in Victory, Bible teacher, pastor, author and or- British Columbia, on October 15th. ganizer of religious work. His mem- The Original Jesus. Otto Borchert. Dr. Nitobe had undergone an opera- ory will be honored by friends aU over 478 pp. $3.50. Macmillan. New tion soon after attending the Pacific the world. York. Institute of International Relations at Banff, where he was chairman of the '" '" * Review and Reward. Harold P. Japanese delegation. He was for- Barker. 94 pp. Is. Pickering & merly editor of Tke Tokio Nicki Nicki, John White, Methodist missionary Inglis. London. a professor in the Imperial Univer- in Rhodesia for forty years, died re- sity, a member of the Japanese House cently. Like Sir Wilfred Grenfell, in The Story of the Brethren Movement. of Peers and undersecretary general addition to being a missionary, he was T. S. Veitch. 108 pp. Pickering & of the League of Nations. He was dentist, doctor, lawyer and magis- Inglis~ London. an earnest and influential Christian trate. He taught agriculture, brick and a pacifist, much honored and be- making, carpentry. Where only a few Whither Asia-A Study of Three loved. He was born August 3, 1862, mud huts had been, he built up a Lp'lders-Gandhi, Huh Shih, Kaga- in Morioka, the son of one of the school where 400 Christian youths wa. Kenneth Saunders. 220 pp. Samurai, a chancellor of Lord Nambu. are now being trained. $2. Macmillan. New York. Dr. Nitobe was graduated with hon- Dr. John Fra'n" cis* Th'"omson, pioneer Everyday Tales of China. Colored ors from Johns Hopkins University illus. 60 pp. 18. C. M. S. London. in 1886 and in 1890 married an Methodist preacher in the Spanish American, Mary P. Elkinson of Phila- Facets of the Faith. W. Graham delphia. He studied in Germany and language in Argentina, died in Buenos Seroggie. 192 pp. 28. 6d. Picker- upon his return to Japan, was ap- ing & Inglis. London. pointed professor of Political Econo- Aires, February 28th. Dr. Thomson my in Sapporo College. In 1911 he The Inadequacy of Evolution. Chester was the first exchange professor to was a native of England, born in K. Lehman. 255 pp $1.25. Men- lecture in American universities. Last 1843, removed in his boyhood to nonite Pub. House. Scottdale, Pa. year he Teturned to America to at- The Meaning of Right and Wrong. tend the Institute of Politics at Wil- Richard C. Cabot. 460 pp. $3.50 liamstown. He was a loyal Christian Macmillan. New York. and a loyal Japanese but was opposed to Japan's recent military policies. Buenos Aires, where he later organ- ••• ized the first Spanish church in that Rev. Joseph W. Kemp, who suc- ceeded Dr. R. S. MacArthur as pastor city. ••• of the Calvary Church, New York, died in Auckland, New Zealand, on Rev. William Thomas Mitchell,for September 5, at the age of 61. Before 35 years a missionary in India, died coming to New York, Mr. Kemp was in Wooster, Ohio, on May 1. Besides for fourteen years pastor of Char- his widow, he leaves two sons, and a lotte Chapel, Edinburgh, Scotland, daughter, Miss Rachel Mitchell, since during which time the membership of 1928 a missionary nurse at the Pres- the church grew from less than fifty byterian Hospital, Fatehgarh, India. to more than 800. In 1920 he became Mr. Mitchell was born in Hamilton, pastor of the Tabernacle Church, Ohio, was graduated from the College Auckland, and was the organizer and of Wooster in 1893 and from McCor- president of the New Zealand Bible mick Seminary in 1896. He was hon- Training Institute from which hun- orably retired, when he returned to dreds of young men and young wom- America from Mainpuri, C. P., in en have gone into Christian work. Mr. 1931,

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The Finality of Jesus Christ A Commentary Critical and By Robert E. Speer Explanatory on the Whole Bible n. A remarkable presentation of the rea- By Jamieson, Fausset and Brown Long recognized as the standard evangelical FINALITY sons for belief in the final authority of 0/ Jesus Christ. The author has spent work on the entire Bible. "J. F. f!1 B.'s Com- J E S U S forty years in the study of the subject mentary" provides within the compass of a and declares unflinchingly for the abso- single volume a continuous stream of clear, CHRIST lute supremacy of Jesus as the Son of critical. and explanatory comments on every God and Saviour of mankind. verse of the whole Biblical text. 1347 pages. President J. Ross StetJenson (Prince- Regular price, $7.50. I D aVI"st B1"ble D"lct"tonary Special, $3.50 II( ) L I I~ I I 1 'I I f, ton Theological Seminary) says: "The greatest contribution Dr. Speer has made to religious literature. . .. It will have By J. D. Davis, Ph.D., D.D., LL.D.

a wide reading and a permanent influence This book aims to be a dictionary of the in strengthening the faith." $3.00 Bible, not of speculation about the Bible. It Is Christ ? seeks to furnish a thorough acquaintance Possible. the claim of the Religion of Christ as the with things Biblical. It is furnished with By W 'l so n one and only Divine Religion. authoritative illustrations. The interpre- P. WhitweIt I Author of "The Christ We Forget," etc. Cloth, $1.50 tation of Scripture which is frequently in- Mr. Wilson takes up the challenge by valved in the statement of facts will be found to be sober, fair and scholarly. presenting to his readers a fascinating and George MiilIer of Bristol compelling picture of Jesus, as he has con- By Arthur T. Pierson Price. $3.00 ceived of Him in his own experience, from The record of the faith of this nine- Christian Workerst the pages of history, and in the story of teenth century Christian, who received over Commentary our own times. "I came first to know $7,000,000 without asking man for a Him nearly fifty years ago," says this penny, is one of the most inspiring in By Dr. James M. Gray journalist of international reputation. Christian literature. Dr. Pierson has writ- A competent expository commentary on "and the friendship remains." A book of ten the authorized memoir of this remark- the whole Bible in one volume, and for a great charm, a plea of great power. $2.00 able man for both British and American price within the reach of all. This desir- The Beauty of Jesus readers. It presents not merely the ex- able combination has never been offered so ternal facts of Mr. Muller's labors, but the attractively. This is eminently the Cam- By Gipsy Smith secret springs of his accomplishments. mentary of the people. Preachers and Sun- A new, intensely moving book of mem- Cloth, $2.50 day School teachers will find it a rich mine. In any Christian horne it will enrich the aries and reflections of Gipsy Smith, cov- The Progress ering a period of more than twenty-five of World-Wide Missions family devotions. answer the children's years. By Dr. Robert H. Glover questions, and stimulate the study of the Price, $3.00 "A fascinating story of the experiences Bible. International Encyclopedia of and observations of one of the greatest An accurate, up-to-date, exhaustive Prose and Poetl'cal Quotatl'ons II· v.mg evangeIIS'tS". – W atc h maE n- xam$2l.n.e0r0. survey of the mission fields of the world. The one complete and authoritative refer- By William S. Walsh Wh BrIt? ence and textbook for schools. colleges. and This valuable book is not restricted to y e leve • popular study groups, on By Delavan L. Pierson the history of missions. the religious field. but contains selections Bible teachers and Gospel ministers, Cloth, $2.50 from the literature of the world, ancient however advanced in knowledge, will find Study Bible and modern. classic and popular. A masthe atmosphere of these pages bracing and sive volume arranged for quick reference.

sustaining to an intelligent and trium- Scofield Reference Net, $3.00 Edition phant Christian faith. Anyone who reads Webster's Collegiate Dictionary these chapters attentively will know what the Christian faith is, and what the Chris- The type used in the New Fourth Edition, 1930 census fig- tian life based on New Testament teaching smaller edition Scofield is ures. An excellent abridged dictionary should be. Cloth, $1.50 clear and black face, af- based upon Webster's New International fording a volume that D"lcttonary. 106 ,000 vocab u aIry terms, Many Infalll"ble Proofs may be read with comfort, including hundreds of new words. with By Arthur T. Pierson yet compact in size. Con- definitions, spellings, pronunciations, and The teachings of the Bible are so im- tains full Scofield notes, use of words; a dictionary of biography; )ortant that it is one of our first duties to genuine leather binding, a gazetteer; Scottish glossary; vocabu- lttain a certainty of conviction as to the printed on Oxford India lary of rimes; rules of punctuation. use iivine origin of the Holy Scriptures, and paper, size 7 x 4% X 10/16 of capitals, foreign words and phrases. ab- :he divine character and mission of Jesus inches. No. 57X. Reg- breviations. etc. Many other features of Christ. This valuable study weighs the ular price. $9.00. practical value. 1.268 pages. 1.700 ilIus- Evidences of Christianity which establish Special. $7.50 trations. Cloth. $5.00 OFFER GOOD ONLY UNTIL DECEMBER 25. 1933 ACT NOW. BEGIN TO SECURE SUBSCRIPTIONS Subscription Department Harrisburg, Penna.

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The Missionary Review of the World — November 1933

1933

A Flying Visit to China Samuel M. Zwemer The Day of Opportunity in Peru w. M. Montano Among Migrant Spanish"Americans Laura I. Makepeace The Gospel for the Poor in India Sam Higginbottom The Type of Missionaries Needed s. w. Clemes A Self"Made Madagascar Bishop Theodore C. Benze

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and Scripfure T exf Calendars Nettie Fowler McCormick, FREE wife of Cyrus Hall McCormick, inventor of the reaper, are desired by her children. Soon everybody will be looking for Christmas cards that convey a Scriptural For this purpose the Nettie Fowler McCor~ greeting, and Scripture Text Calendars with mick Biographical Association requests that a message for each day in the new year. Here persons having any of her writings kindly is an opportunity to secure yours free- send them to the address below. The family either for your own use, for gifts, or for re- of Nettie Fowler McCormick will be grateful sale. Your choice either of an excellent as- for co"operation and glad to make approsortment of sixteen Christmas cards in a priate payment for such papers. Address box, or two beautiful Scripture Text Calendars, for every new subscription you send us. Nettie Fowler McCormick Biographical Association, The Missionary Review They are produced by 664 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago Value, 50 cents. Christmas Card Box Dates To Remember Assortment October 3I-Fall meeting. New York Conference, Woman's Foreign Mis- This gift box contains six- sionary Society. Calvary Church, teen beautiful cards. each with New York City. a Christmas sentiment and engraved Bible text and a . November 10-II-Annual Meeting. lined envelope. Every World Alliance for International ture-text card you mail Friendship through the Churches a Christian greeting. The qual- and the International Goodwill Conity and variety of boUl message gress. Philadelphia, Pa. and design found in our cards are most attractive. one of the finest art lithograph houses in America. November 20-22-Annual meeting, Methodist Board of Home Missions The Messenger and Church Extension, Philadel- phia, Pa. Scripture Text Calendar United Missionary Meetings There's a definite need in every home for this beautiful, inspira- October 29 to November 3-Greater tional calendar with its thoughts New York. for daily meditation. Also it is an appropriate gift at Christmas time November S-IO-Chicago, Ill. –one that remains interesting and November 12-13-Milwaukee, Wis. useful for a full year. November 14-IS-Des Moines, Iowa. November 16-17-Sioux City, Iowa. Features November 19-20-0maha, Neb. November 21-22-Lincoln, Neb. This Htionally advertised calen- November 23-24-Topeka, Kan. dar has thirteen full-color copies of November 26-27-Kansas City, Mo. religious paIntIngs. of suitable size for framing. November 28-29-Wichita, Kan. It offers inspiration. instruction, and information. ,November 30 to December I-Okla- Brief stories of the pictures. Daily Scripture quotations. homa City, Okla. Schedule showing how to read the Bible through in a year. December 3-4-St. Louis, Mo. Golden Texts for International Sunday School lessons. December S-6-Springfield, Ill. Flower and Birthstone of each month. December 7-8–Indianapolis, Ind. Preceding and following month on each page. December 10-12-Washington, D. C. Phases of the moon, tides. holidays. etc. December 13-IS-Philadelphia, Pa.

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(Concluded on page 521.)

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REVIEW OF THE WORLD Our Free Catalog Saves calls you East of Suez … sail DELAVAN PIERSON, Editor Money for Foreign Missionaries VOL. LVI Nov., 1933 No. 11 FOREIGN MISSIONARIES every- where have confidence in our Mis- publication and Business Olllce sionary Bureau as the most economical Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. source for personal supplies and mis- Editorial and Executive Olllce sion equipment of high quality. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Entered as second-class matter at SECRETARIES and Purchasing Agents Post Olllce, Harrisburg, Pa., under of Foreign Missions find that our Act of March 3, 1879. free catalog and special discount list enables them to save money for their 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year stations. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published monthly-All rights re- MISSION Boards can economize by served. Copyrighted 1933 by the selecting hardware, paints and other building materials from our catalog, for MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- shipment abroad. LISHING CO., INC. BOARD OF DIRECTORS If you haven't a Montgomery Ward catalog, write TODAY for a free copy. ROBERT E. SPEER, President WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President MONTGOMERY WARD & CO. WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary Export Department Chicago, U. S. A. SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD PERSONAL ITEMS WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH (Concluded from second cover.) THE ROUTE PREFERRED MILTON T. STAUTFBR A. L. WARNSHUIS Leonard Fiske Wilbur, M.D., SINCE 18401 SAMUEL M. ZWEMBB nephew of Ray Lyman Wilbur, who Cross Cunard to England Editorial Chat was Herbert Hoover's Secretary of and embark at London in a great the Interior, is to become Dr. Percy ship of this Line that tradition- Do not neglect to send your sub- ally and for nearly a century has scription or renewal now for 1934. Watson's assistant in Harwood Me- carried the vanguard of the The January and February numbers morial Hospital in Fenchow, North Church eastward to all the lands for 1933 are entirely sold out and were China. beyond Suez. P & 0 Liners, of exhausted soon after they appeared. transatlantic size and comfort, The January number is to be devoted *** stand for the Progress ofthe West to the addresses given at the United in scores of tropic ports and teem- Missionary Meebings-Dr. E. Stanley Mrs. Egerton R. Young, of To- ing harbours of the Indian Ocean Jones, Dr. Herman C. E. Liu, Dr. Wu, ronto, who' passed her 90th birthday and the Pacific. Natives measure Dr. Charles R. Watson and others. time by their swift and sure last April, is the sole survivor of a arrival. Low rates and new. fast, *** luxurious ships make the voyage Methodist Mission party which set an exceptional value. We plan in an early issue of THE out for western Canada in 1868 to REVIEW for 1934 to publish a series of work with her husband among the t'tN I N:)U LAR brief articles on "Has the Church at AND ORIENTAL AND Home Grown Tired of Her Mission- Indians. ary Job?" Don't miss the answers BRITISH INDIA STEAM from leading laymen, pastors, women, *** NAVIGATION COMPANIES missionaries and secretaries. Dr. Robert A. Ashworth, formerly *** editor of The Baptist, which is now merged with The Christian Century, Our Methods Department Editor re- has been appointed education secreports that she is being kept b~sy answering inquiries on the materIal that tary of the National Conference of appears in our "Effective Ways of Jews and Christians. Working." There is a larger response this fall than ever. Is this an evi- *** dence that the Churches are taking hold once more in earnest to promote Rev. Charles W. Turner, Ph.D., has the missionary enterprise? become Assistant Secretary of the *** Brazil Agency of the American Bible If you find this magazine of interest Society, with headquarters in Brazil's and help, your friends will also be new Bible House in Rio de Janeiro. benefited. Tell them what you and other readers think of the magazine. Dr. 'rurner was born in Argentina, It supplements but does not supplant of British parentage and spent a your own church paper. Here are a few unsolicited testimonies: number of years in business in South America. "I find that I cannot do without the REVIEW. I would miss an old friend." *** Regular sailings from London, MRS. A. A. BUNCE, Brooklyn, N. Y. Gibraltar and Marseilles to India, Dr. Harold W. Dodds, newly elected Ceylon. Burma. Straits Settle- *** President of Princeton University, is ments, China. Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Egypt, Sudan, "I have just sent my check to the a brother of Rev. Joseph L. Dodds, Per8ian Gulf, East and South Subscription Department feeling that Presbyterian missionary to India Africa, etc. I shall greatly profit by following since 1917, who is now on furlough your magazine in its presentation of Complete information from the facts and news pertaining to the in America. Upon his return he will YOU1 Local Agent or missionary cause. be Secretary of the Council for North (;UNARD~LINE BISHOP BENTON T. BADLEY, Bombay, India. India. … … …

Rev. Edwin W. Smith of London, GENERAL AGENTS has been elected President of the Roy- al Anthropological Institute. The son" 25 Broadway New York of a missionary, Mr. Smith g.ave 17 years to !la-speaking peoples. His treatise on these people of Northern Rhodesia is a classic among books of anthropology.

[521 ]

Rev. Cl(w.de L. PickeWl of

EXPERIENCES WITH DR. ZWEMER IN CHINA (See page 529.) Eurasia plane. Pilot putting baggage In plane. Dr. Z.'s book sack Leaving the Chinese Inn at Nien Pal, Tsinghai, on Sunday morn- just being handed In. Big Chinese character; sign of Post Omce. ing. Mr. Harris coming down steps toward Dr. Zwemer. Sian, Shensi. Intensely interesting conversation with a Moslem Mullat. East Miss G. Sayre and Mr. Ma, a converted Moslem pastor with Dr. Suburb, Sinlng, Tslnghai. Zwemer at the entrance to chapel in Moslem quarter, Cheng- chow, Honan. Posters on wall of East Gate. From right to left: For Moslems, Tibetans and Chinese—-Sinlng, Tsinghai. Audienoo coming from the American Southern Baptist Church after first meeting with Dr. Zwemer. Chengchow, Honan. REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER ELEVEN NOVEMBER, 1933 — – – – – – – – – – – – – – – ———~ Topies of the Times LET US GIVE THANKS release from the slavery of fear and the bondage Thanksgiving Day! This year many are tempted to sin and are realizing the 'power of new life and to feel that the present-day trials and hardships liberty and service. Note the revivals reported from China and the growth of the Church in make mourning more suitable than rejoicing and Korea and Africa; the changed lives in British sackcloth more appropriate than garlands. But and American communities. this is not true of Christians. Even the children of the Old Covenant gave sacrificial thank-offer- 5. For the many thousands who are quietly but ings all through their wanderings, hardships and earnestly praying, working and giving sacrificially to win men to Christ and to establish His control privations in the wilderness. Jesus Christ gave over every part of life. Note the street evanthanks over a mere handful of loaves and fishes gelism and personal work, and the movements to which were all He had to feed a hungry multi- Christianize all international, social and domestic tude; again He gave thanks when He was about relations. to be betrayed and crucified. The Apostle Paul gave thanks when he was facing certain ship- 6. For the young people who are volunteering wreck and repeatedly when he was a prisoner in for Christ's service in spite of the fact that the chains in a Roman dungeon. funds provided are only sufficient to send a very few to the field. Today African Christians give thanks to God in the midst of dire poverty; Chinese Christians 7. For the spirit shown by Christian workers give thanks in the midst of famine, flood and war; at home and abroad in the face of greatly reduced Indian Christians give thanks when enduring os- budgets, separation from children, and other diftracism, persecution and great privations. The ficulties. This spirit is shown in their faith, good spirit of Thanksgiving is not conditioned on phys- cheer and readiness to make further personal sacical health and material prosperity. rifices in order that the work may continue.

Today in America there are a multitude of Every Christian who thinks and prays can find reasons for Thanksgiving in the midst of world- innumerable other reasons for thanksgiving at wide unrest, threats of war, economic depression, this and at all seasons.

sickness, poverty and social evils. While the A CHRISTIAN RECOVERY CODE Word of God does not direct us to give thanks for everything, Christians are enjoined to give America has many patriots working hard to thanks in every circumstance. bring about better economic and industrial condi- Consider a few of these causes for thanksgiv- tions, under the principles and codes of the Na- ing today? tional Recovery Act promoted by the United 1. For the unshaken and unchanging founda- States Government. Leaders in various industries tions for our faith in the goodness, power and and trades have endeavored to draw up rules to love of God, as revealed in Jesus Christ. govern hours of labor and wages, to increase em- 2. For the victorious life, here and hereafter, ployment and to stimulate buying. Many minds made possible to all men through Christ. are at work in an honest attempt to relieve the 3. For the Church of God-made up from all present distress and to bring about a return of nations, races, tongues and classes-which is to- public confidence and of national prosperity.

day carrying on the ministry of Christ on earth. Others are still working for what they consider 4. For the multitudes of men, women and chil- personal self-interest, regardless of codes and dren in all lands who are experiencing the joy of general human welfare.

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All should honestly cooperate with the govern- men. Avenge not yourselves, but give place unto wrath. ment in the effort to improve conditions. At the same time we must recognize the fact that many (Romans 12: 16-19.) important factors are neglected or overlooked. Bear ye one another's burdens and so fulfill the law The N. R. A. program is an experiment; it does not include all activities-government employees, of Christ…… But let each man prove his own work, and high officials in state and business, the profes- then shall he have glorying in regard to himself alone sional classes, or most of the church and domestic and not of another. For each man shall bear his own workers. The adoption of codes cannot guarantee burden. Let us not be weary in well doing for in due the success of a business; high wages may involve season we shall reap if we faint not. (Galatians 6: 2-9.) inability to pay any wages. Labor unions are naturally taking advantage of the drawing up of Do nothing through strife or vainglory, but in lowliness codes to force from employers more acceptable of mind each counting other better than himself; not working conditions but they do not promise bet- looking each of you to his own things, but each of you ter service or fair returns to employers and in- also to the things of others. (Philippians 3: 3, 4.) vestors. The N. R. A. and the codes do not change human nature or guarantee truth, honesty and 4. If any will not work neither let hirp. eat …… We exunselfish service. The "new deal" offers no pro- hort, in the Lord Jesus Christ, that with quietness they gram for world recovery, and yet no nation to- work and eat their own bread. (2 Thessalonians 3: 10, day can effect national recovery while ignoring 12.) world-wide depression and unrest and while neglecting to make every effort to establish peace and The laborer is worthy of his hire. (Matthew 10: 10.) improve world conditions. Extort no more than that which is appointed you ….. . Extort from no man by violence, neither accuse wrong- Nineteen hundred years ago a Christian Re- fully; and be content with your wages. (Luke 3: 13, 14.) covery Act was promulgated by One greater than Work not (only) for the meat which perishes, but for any president or administrator. This code still the meat which abides unto eternal life, which the Son offers a program, not merely for personal and na- of Man shall give unto you. (John 6: 27.) tional benefit, but for world recovery, not only Putting away lying, speak ye truth each one with his for material and temporal unlift, but for spiritual neighbor; for we are members one of another. Be ye and eternal improvement. This code represents angry and sin not; let not the sun go down upon your the wisdom of the Creator and Ruler of the uni- wrath (provocation); neither give place to the devil. Let verse–and yet men ignore or neglect its provi- him that stole, steal no more but rather let him labor, sions. Would not these principles and regulations, working with his hands the thing that is good, that he if widely and honestly observed, in all lands and may have to give to him that hath need. (Ephesians 4: among all classes, bring about a national and 25, 28.) world-wide recovery that would abide? The sign Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon the earth of the Cross-a symbol of sacrifice–is a great ad- …..but lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven ….. vance over the sign of the Blue Eagle. for where your treasure is there will your heart be also. (Matthew 6: 19-21.) The following are some quotations from the Abhor that which is evil; cleave to that which is good. Bible C. R. A. that deserve attention: In love of the brethren be tenderly affectioned one to an- other; in honor preferring one another; in diligence not A Christian Social Code slothful; fervent in spirit; serving the Lord. (Romans 12: 9-11.) 1. Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, 5. Whoso shall receive one such little child in My name receiveth Me; but whoso shall cause one of these and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with little ones that believe on Me to stumble, it is profitable for him that a great millstone be hanged about his neck all thy strength …… Thou shalt love thy neighbor as and he should be sunk in the depths of the sea. (Mat- thew 18: 5, 6.) thyself. (Mark 12: 30, 31.) Suffer the little children to come unto Me, forbid them not, for to such belong the kingdom of God. (Mark 10: 14.) 2. Owe no man anything, except to love one another; W.hosoever would become great among you shall be your servant and whosoever would be first among you for he that loveth another hath fulfilled the law ….. . shall be your bondservant. (Matthew 20: 26-27.) Let us not judge one another any more; but judge this Love worketh no ill to his neighbor; love, therefore, is rather; that no man put a stumblingblock in his brother's way, or an occasion for falling. (Romans 14: 13.) the fulfilment of the law. (Romans 13: 8, 10.) 6. Render therefore unto Cresar (the government) the things that are Cresar's; and to God the things that are This is My commandment: that ye love one another, God's. (Matthew 22: 21.) as I have loved you. (John 14: 12.) Take heed and keep yourselves from all covetousness; for a man's life consisteth not in the abundance of the Be ye kind to one another, tenderhearted, forgiving one things that he possesseth. (Luke 12: 15.) another; even as God for Christ's sake has forgiven you. Let everyone be in subjection to the higher powers …. Render to all their dues; tribute (taxes) to whom tribute, (Ephesians 4: 31, 32.) . custom to whom custom, fear to whom fear, honor to whom honor. (Romans 13: 1, 7.) Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good 7. Be not overcome of evil, but overcome evil with good. to them that despitefully use you and persecute you. (Romans 12: 21.) (Matthew 5: 44.) Seek ye first the kingdom (supreme sovereignty) of God and His righteousness. (Matthew 6: 33.) 3. Be not wise in your own conceits. Render to no man All things, whatsoever ye would that man should do evil for evil. Take thought for things honorable in the to you, do ye even so to them. (Matthew 7: 12.) sight of all men. If it be possible, as much as in you Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel (good news) to every creature. (Mark 16: 15.) lieth (as far as you are concerned) be at peace with all

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Such a C. R. A. code, under the Sign of the missionary endeavor. Some students of missions Cross, includes: believe that there are too many of these colleges and universities in some fields, supported by for- 1. Acknowledgment of the sovereignty of God, as He eign funds, and that many are run on too expen- sive a scale. is revealed in Jesus Christ, His Son. He has first claim When failure of home income makes it necesupon our lives, our love, our loyalty and all our posses- sary to reduce missionary budgets the question arises as to how the cut shall be distributed among sions. ' various forms of work. The expenses of institu- tional work are most difficult to reduce because of 2. The recognition of human brotherhood, the respon- the teachers employed and the general overhead costs. This is regardless of the comparative efsibility of all men, of every race, nation and class, to work; fectiveness of the work from a missionary point of view. We agree with the Bishop of Persia, Dr. and their right to the fruitIi of their honest labor, with J. H. Linton, that the chief question to be consid- ered in apportioning budgets and cuts is not which freedom from oppression, and the enjoyment of God's is the most difficult to discontinue but which is the most effective in winning men and women to good gifts. Christ and in the building up of strong Christian leaders and an effective, Christ-like, body of dis- 3. The responsibility of all men to serve their fellows ciples.

unselfishly, and to cooperate in efforts to promote peace, It is difficult to appraise the true effectiveness of any form of missionary effort. Some fruitage good government, goodwill and human welfare. is not seen for years after the seed has been planted. Other apparent fruit proves to be worth- 4. The recognition of the equal rights and privileges less. It is undoubtedly true that higher educa- tional mission work has done much to break down of both labor and capital to a just return for their invest- prejudice against Christianity and to promote in- telligence in the study of religion. At the same ment of time, talent and money, when used for the welfare time the question may fairly be asked: Are the results from a missionary standpoint what Christ of man and in harmony with the laws of God. and His followers have a right to expect? It is not possible for human agents to insure or pro- 5. A recognition of a higher life and more enduring duce such spiritual results; that is the work of the Spirit of God. But it is the work of Christian values beyond the temporal and material values, secured missionaries, teachers as well as preachers, to carefully prepare the soil, to plant good seed and only through Jesus Christ, and the life He has made pos- to care for it with the definite purpose of produc- ing a truly Christian harvest. Has any educasible by His life, death and resurrection. tional institution a right to be called a Christian missionary work that has not the definite aim, 6. Recognition of the need of all men for the best that fearlessly, lovingly and prayerfully carried out, to win men and women to an intelligent and sincere God has provided, the right of all to these gifts, and the acceptance of Jesus Christ as divine Lord and Saviour? With this aim and effort institutions obligation of those who have them to offer these privi- and workers may still be sorely disappointed in the results, but without it they cannot expect to leges to others. be effective in helping to carry out the purpose of Christ to "save the lost" or to "disciple all na- 7. The conviction that God is the One rightful and tions."

good Ruler of the universe, and that all mankind should The Aims of Mission Colleges cooperate in the establishment of His kingdom and pro- What are the acknowledged purposes of these missionary colleges and universities? The denomgram, which must and will prevail. inational insti,tutions are usually marked by the characteristics of the churches that conduct them. ARE MISSION COLLEGES EFFECTIVE? The union institutions, of which forty-three are listed in the new "Directory of Foreign Mission," There are listed in the World Missionary Atlas announce differing aims-some of which are desome one hundred and one Protestant missionary institutions of higher learning (colleges and universities) in the foreign fields. Most of these are in India (37), China (24), Japan (12), and the Near East (11). These do not include medical or Bible training schools. Among them are fortythree union or interdenominational institutions; the other fifty-eight are (or were recently) conducted by individual mission boards or independent organizations.

These institutions undoubtedly render an important service; they also represent the most expensive form of work conducted by mission agencies. The large outlay in buildings and other equipment, the maintenance of the staff employed and student support represent millions of dollars annual expenditure. They also present some of the most difficult problems in missionary work, due to the large proportion of non-Christian students, the number of non-Christian teachers, the need to maintain high technical standards, the influence of governments in dictating the policies and curricula, and the hostile attitude of parents and non-Christian leaders toward any effort to turn the students away from their traditional faiths.

Many of these institutions have been severly criticized on the one hand for failure to win the students to Christ, or on the other hand for overemphasizing the evangelistic purpose in Christian

cidedly disappointing. Four of these union col- support goes to missionary enterprises that are leges are theological seminaries, and four are true to Christ and to His Gospel as offering the wholly medical. Of the other thirty-five, eleven, only Way of Life revealed to men.

or about one-third, give no aim or purpose what- ever; twelve candidly state that their purpose and RE-THINKING HOME MISSIONS the character of their work is wholly to give a high type of secular education. Here are some of Every human enterprise needs to be critically the aims expressed: examined and revised from time to time to meet new conditions and to utilize new resources. To provide a college education of high standard for the Greatly increased power and new inventions make youth of China with a view to developing character and old machinery out of date. An ancient water- intellectual capacity.

To aid the youth of China to acquire a literary, scientific wheel would be out of place in the Muscle Shoals and professional education. To cultivate the highest type of character, to provide pro- Dam. A one-horse reaper is too antiquated to use on the great wheat fields of Manitoba. Even fessional training, to promote higher learning, and to in a divine enterprise, such as the work of the meet the needs of society in the spirit of love, sacrifice Church, the human equation calls for constant and service of its founders (China).

To carry out the educational aim of the Republic of China. improvement and better cooperation. To provide education for boys in arts, sciences and engi- The work of foreign missions has been sub- neering (Turkey). jected to many searching inquiries, and radical recommendations have been made for changes in Education of young men and women in the Near and Middle East (Syria).

Might not these colleges, so far as their aim is ideals and methods, and even for the adoption of expressed, be Confucian, Buddhist, Moslem or an entirely new aim and basis. Great progress Bolshevik? Have not many of them departed a has been made, both at home and abroad, in the long way from the purpose of their founders? If education of the Church; in the preparation of they seek support from Christians, it should be candidates; in the men and money available; in on an educational basis, rather than as Christian the development of self-supporting churches; in missionary institutions. the education of national Christian leaders in the mission fields; in the preparation and use of In contrast we note that twelve colleges and Christian literature and in international and inuniversities do not hesitate, more or less clearly, ter-church cooperation. Not all changes have been to express their definite Christian aim and pro- wise or effective-particularly those that involve gram. For example: departure from the ideals and standards of Jesus Christ as set forth in the New Testament. There Extension of the Kingdom of God in West China by means is still great room for improvement and progress of higher education under Christian auspices. in the use of our resources and in the discovery Christianization and education of young Chinese men. To provide a Christian higher education for women (India) . of more effective methods.

To provide broad foundations for the richest and fullest Has not the time come for a careful and fear- Christian living and to give (Korean women) special education in literature, music and home economics. less re-study of the whole Home Mission Field, That the institution (in Brazil) be founded on Christian program and problems? The changes in condi- principles, and that in the institution God and His tions, resources and needs are almost as great in Word for all time shall be distinctly acknowledged and America as in China or Japan.· There are no honored. longer vast unreached areas in Alaska and among To promote Christian education for the youth of Egypt the Indians, Mormons, Mexicans and pioneer set- and adjacent lands ……of the highest standards of tlers. Millions of immigrants are not now com- educational efficiency, and so as to discover to the Mos- lem world those living springs which are to be found in ing annually from Europe. There is a change in Christ….. . the problems presented by the Negroes and moun- It is true that the influence of some institutions taineers in the South. The saloon was formerly may be more Christian than their expressed aims, omnipresent and all city slums were moral and and that others may be less so, but is there any physical pest houses. In Eastern and Central good reason why Christians, who are seeking to states rural districts were either neglected or make Christ and His Way of Life known, should over-churched. Fifty years ago old fashioned fail to acknowledge this purpose? As we read of methods prevailed and there was almost no in- the early days of the Christian Church, and the terdenominational cooperation. Schools and col- history of pioneer mission work, we are thrilled leges then offered definite Christian education.

by the courage of those who were ready to live Immoral theatricals, dance halls and literature sacrificial lives, or to die the martyr's death for were under the ban of public opinion.

their faith. God honored their courage, fidelity Today great changes are noted in the occupa- and sacrifice. Loyal Christians in America and tion of all the former Home Mission territory; in England may well wish to be assured that their the restriction of immigration and in the new

Negro, rural and industrial problems. The com- sion fields and unemployed preachers can be brought to- ing of the automobile and improvement of roads, gether. has enlarged parishes; there has been a develop- 8. To study the relation of Christian principles and ment of community churches and growth of cooperation; prohibition of the traffic in strong drink ideals to such problems as war, race relations, temperance, morality, amusements and industrial and social justice, so as to include effective teaching on these subjects in has-for a time at least-altered the city slums. the regular program of the churches. 9. To suggest ways in which sacrifice and efficiency can But new, and often more difficult moral and re- be promoted in missionary administration by putting secligious problems, have arisen and call for solu- retarial, pastoral and all missionary work on the same tion. These are due to the increase of apartment high spiritual plane, independent of financial inducements. houses, the weakening of family ties, the spread 10. To study ways by which church members may be of immoral and degrading amusements and liter- more generally and effectively trained to understand and ature; the increase of materialism, rationalism sympathize with the needs and opportunities in the home and atheism in educational institutions; the de- field, so that they will give systematically, intelligently crease in church and Sunday-school attendance; and sacrificially to the work.

the growth of divorce, the spread of lawlessness, The Home Missions enterprise is complex. It and the general revolt of youth from old stand- cannot be separated from national, religious or personal problems but it has become so compliards and control.

Problems to Be Studied cated that the secondary aims and projects have often overshadowed the primary purpose. We These changes, with the increase of' national are in danger of losing sight of the central pur- wealth and the development of industry, call for pose, which is to lead the people of America to an a systematic and intelligent re-study of the whole intelligent and wholehearted devotion to Jesus Home Mission aims, needs and program. The Christ as Lord and Saviour and to enlist them in present results of Christian work in America are sacrificial service to advance His rule over all.

not building up a Christian nation. An investi- This can only be done by making Christ supreme gation should be undertaken by trained men and in all life.

women who have Christian ideals, knowledge, ex- perience and courage. Is it not time to reshape THE Y.M.CA. AND THE EASTERN CHURCH our plans, to realign our forces, to revise our methods and to reapportion our budgets, and to No interdenominational Protestant organization unite in earnest prayer in order that the Cause in the world has done a more remarkable and farof Christ in America may be advanced? The re- reaching work than the Young Men's Christian thinking of the whole home mission problem Association. The foundations were laid in a might include the following lines: prayer meeting nearly ninety years ago by George Williams, as a young business man. It grew out 1. To discover and reach the unoccupied and unevan- of a Young Men's Missionary Society and its exgelized areas – geographical, racial, social, industrial, pressed object was to "influence religious young spiritual. men to spread the Redeemer's Kingdom amongst 2. To eliminate waste of money and effort by reappor- tioning fields and types of service and by uniting kindred those by whom they were surrounded." This asorganizations, withdrawing many subsidies and closing sociation has spread over the world until there are 10,619 associations in fifty-four countries with fruitless enterprises. 1,442,315 members. Work for boys and young 3. To readjust Christian schools and colleges, closing or uniting some to form stronger institutions that will be true to evangelical standards, with good scholarship, so women has grown out of it and these organizaas to make them more effective in training Christian tions have become equally important. "Y" work leaders. has been broadened to include educational, social 4. To link wealthy city and suburban churches with and physical development as well as prayer, Bible study, and personal evangelism. Thousands of those that are struggling in needy fields in city mission districts and in rural areas, to divide incomes and ex- penses so as to curtail selfish expenditure on the one large buildings have been erected and national hand and to build up weak churches on the other. leaders have been trained in every nation. With the wide growth one difficulty has been to main- 5. To prepare better Christian literature adapted to tain its central purpose and definite evangelical present-day needs. This should include effective tracts and leaflets, children's books, more satisfactory Bible text books and project courses for church schools, upholding Christian character. New Testament teaching and preparing the coming generation for Christian life and service. One of the difficult problems faced has been the guidance of the work among people Christian in 6. To devise more adequate methods for enlisting and name but out of sympathy with Protestant evanpreparing trained teachers for church schools, as well as students for the Christian ministry and other Christian gelism. Roman Catholics have repudiated the work. Much of the present-day preaching and Sundayschool teaching is entirely inadequate. Y. M. C. A. but Greek Orthodox, Syrian, Arme- nian, Coptic and similar churches have generally 7. To study the supply and demand in the ministry and adopt some plan whereby unoccupied churches and mis- ,held aloof. Should the Y. M. C. A. seek to con-

vert, to placate or to bring new spiritual life to and principles for which it was founded-Bible these groups? study, prayer, evangelism, spiritual fellowship and Christian service. The great problem every- Recently (May 19-21) a conference was held in where is always to interpret and apply these Bucharest, Roumania, to consider the "objectives, ideals in a Christ-like spirit, according to New principles and program of the Y. M. C. A.'s in Testament standards, and in the face of prevail- 'Orthodox countries.''' This third "consultation" ing formalism and materialism. With an Associaof leaders from Eastern churches was held with tion, as with a church or a mission, its character leaders of the World's Alliance of Y. M. C. A.'s is determined, not by a set of principles adopted, and was presided over by Dr. John R. Mott. They but by the character of the personnel. Given a considered the great needs, perils and problems George Williams or a D. L. Moody, an effective of modern youth in these countries of Eastern leader in vital fellowship with God, and the suc- Europe, Western Asia and Egypt. These perils cess of the work is assured. The Associations and problems are due to unemployment, poverty, can have no higher ideal than loyalty to Christ as ignorance, materialism, moral laxity and atheistic expressed in the purpose and spirit of the founder, propaganda. It is not surprising that large num- but great care is required in the selection of secbers of the youth have become a prey to habits retaries, boards of control and other leaders. of immorality and dissipation. BIRTH OF A NEW RELIGION As a result of this and previous "consultations" a list of objectives, governing principles and a Moscow, Idaho, is known as the home of Psyprogram were adopted for use in the Y. M. C. A.'s chiana-the new psychological religion-founded in all these countries. The objectives include co- in 1930 by Dr. F. B. Robinson. This former Bapoperation with the existing churches "to afford all tist preacher and licensed pharmacist is the chief young men and boys adequate opportunities to promoter. have a personal experience of Christ and to communicate His Spirit in their daily relationships." He has succeeded in selling his courses, books They shall also seek to promote personal Chris- or magazine to over 100,000 inquirers in sixtytian character and faith, meet individual prob- seven different countries. The Rev. Clifford M. lems, give spiritual guidance, encourage devo- Drury reports, in the Presbyterian Banner, that tion to Christ, and develop leadership, unity and Dr. Robinson's bill for advertising Psychiana was service. $10,000 in thirty days. These advertisements are said to reach thirteen million readers. Dr. Rob- The Governing Principles state that the Y. M. inson is forty-eight years of age, the son of a Bap- C. A. is "distinctly Christian …… and seeks to tist minister in England, and for a time studied unite those young men who, regarding Jesus in McMaster University and the Bible Training Christ as their God and Saviour, according to the School of Toronto. After a short experience as a Holy Scriptures, desire to be His disciples in their Baptist minister he took up the study of psydoctrine and life, and to associate their efforts for chology and metaphysics. the extension of His Kingdom amongst young men." The Y. M. C. A. declares its "unswerving Dr. Robinson is of a religious nature and, while loyalty and faithfulness to the Church." All na- not now a Christian in the New Testament sense, tional associations are autonomous, any church claims to be a believer in God as a divine spiritual member may participate freely, and the field of law – the all-powerful, ever living source of service comprises all men and boys of the nation energy. He is an individualist and not interested in which it works. in the social application of what he teaches. He does not accept the deity of Christ or beliefs in The Association program "develops those atti- the virgin birth, the resurrection, the atonement tudes and practices in both the individuals and or inspiration of the Bible. He attacks many society which will increasingly reveal the whole church beliefs and practices-especially of the Roof the Christian Gospel." This constructive pro- man Catholic Church. A corporation he has gram includes educational work, mental, physical, formed in Idaho pays him $500 a month and large social and religious. The last· involves the inner returns have come in from advertising his courses. spiritual life and development into "the measure Sales for his books, courses and magazine subof the stature of the fulness of Christ." The pro- scriptions number 146,329. He has also entered duction of literature, community and world serv- into the practice of faith or psychological healing ice, stewardship, missionary responsibility and and a clinic has been established in Moscow. His leadership training are all excellent far-reaching religion seems to be a psychological experience objectives. promoted by clever advertising and a human de- sire for something new. This outline for the Y. M. C.A. work in Eastern "Orthodox" countries seems to indicate that the Association there is reemphasizing the purposes

A Flying Visit to Northwest

By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Princeton, N. J.

Editor of "The Moslem World"

N o JOURNEY by magic-carpet in "The Ara- Methodist Mission, and seven Chinese delegates bian Nights" could be more strangely fas- traveled with us for a similar conference at cinating than to travel by aeroplane from Chengchow. Here a meeting had also been ar- Sian, the old capital of China, to Lanchow in ranged for Chinese Christians to the number of Kansu, a distance of over four hundred miles in three to four hundred. The same evening an outthree and a half hours. Formerly this journey door meeting was held for Moslems where over took several weeks. Traveling afterwards by eight hundred were present. The message given mule-litter eight hours a day was on the Five Pillars of toward the borders of Tibet the Christian Religion. Here, and back across the great as elsewhere, we visited sparsely occupied areas of Northwestern China, where )! mosques and met inquirers. brave men and heroic women are facing loneliness and From Chengchow we travhardship with first century joy, gave one the opportu- eled to the end of the rail- road at Tungkwan, s eve n hundred and fifty miles from Shanghai. This railway will nity of re-thinking missions soon be extended to Sian, the in a way of which the Ap- old capital of China, but at praisal Committee n eve r present all passengers and dreamed. Such was our ex- freight must travel the long perience this summer. Days trail of ninety miles by of rare privilege, of an- motor car along roads that swered prayer, and of spir- are a I m 0 s t impossible beitual fellowship with the cause of blinding dust or saints on the frontiers of the deep mud and floods. Kingdom. We left Tungkwan at 10 The object of my visit, as a. m., June 25, expecting to in 1917, was to study Islam A CHINESE MOSQUE TOWER IN SIAN, SHANSI be in Sian at 3 p. m. But in China and to give a series we stayed that night in a of addresses at the summer small village off the main conferences. It proved im- road, east of Lin Tsz, which possible to hold the usual is less than one-third of the conference at Peitaho, be- way to Sian. All went well cause of disturbed conditions, but at Kuling and for the first twenty miles until a heavy wind and Mokanshan there was a very large attendance. To driving rain from the West caught us. Our back fill the time preceding these two conferences an left tire went flat; we put on a spare and drove a itinerary was arranged through the Society of mile or so and that tire also went flat; then we Friends for Moslems, of which my son-in-law, the had to mend one in the rain. The tire lasted a. Reverend C. L. Pickens, is the secretary. He ac- mile, until we came to a small wayside Taoist companied me, kept a diary of our experiences, Shrine where we had an old-fashioned blowout. and also took the photographs that accompany Off again at 6: 20 the next morning, we did not this article. arrive at Sian until the following afternoon. At The day after my arrival in Shanghai, June 20, Sian we were entertained at the home of the Rev- erend W. Englund of the Scandinavian Alliance we took the train for Kaifeng, central China. Mission.. The English Baptists and the Seventh- Two meetings were held here for missionaries and Day Adventists also have work here. There were Chinese Christians, and when we left the follow- conferences with the missionaries and large pubing day, Miss Murray, of the American Free [ 529]

lic meetings for Chinese Christians. We visited river current. Buckets on the rim of the wheel the site of the old Nestorian church in the West carried the water to a trough at the top. Our suburbs. The foundations of the church are in- party consisted of two muleteers, a Chinese cook side a large compound. Outside the main gate, at and ourselves, but at the various stages of the way the south, are a number of mounds said to be we were accompanied or met by missionaries who tombs of famous Nestorians. The gates are also rode out long distances to show their hospitable friendship. OUR PARTY CROSSING THE YELLOW RIVER On June 29 we crossed the Yellow River on a believed to be the original. The actual church small ferry boat. Everywhere the streams were foundation is about in the center of the compound. in full flood and our little boat carried some twenty Nothing is left now but the foundation of the pil- horses and mules of other travelers, a larger numlars and apse. The columns were about ten feet ber of men and all their baggage. When we were apart, with a large flat stone at one end, possibly in the middle of the stream, one of the horses tried where the baptismal font was placed. The Nes- to jump overboard. Soon after this Mr. Harris, torian tablet is no longer here, but is kept in the of the C. 1. M., met us coming from Sining. Just "Forest of Tablets," the Chinese archreological before crossing the Sining River we passed fl museum at Sian. very old, important Moslem center with ancient mosques. Everywhere there was evidence that we It was thrilling to remember the work of these were among the followers of the Arabian Prophet. earliest missionaries to China and the indelible The new Mohammedan Governor of this part of record of their faithfulness inscribed on the Nes- China is building roads and widening the mule torian tablet. We visited the Imperial Mosque at tracks to make them fit for motors, but the result Sian, one of the largest in China. is not always satisfactory. This plateau is some five thousand feet above sea level, and the moun- On June 28 we arose early for our journey to tains rise two or three thousand feet more on Lanchow by air. The Eurasia Airdrome is just either side of the gorges. Everywhere there were outside the city and our German pilot did every- fields green with grain and trees in full foliage. thing for our comfort. The air journey was with- Wheat, barley, mustard, peas, and clover seemed out incident, but we learned on arrival at Lanchow that the packing cases which formed our seat were :;~'- – ••••.~.w • all filled with munitions and dynamite for the .::-0 __ _ Chinese army. From Lanchow to Sining our way ::::. =~_-. :: .. was along the Yellow River valley and one of its I branches, the Sining. On the old maps this part of China is called Kokonor. At present it forms I the new Province of Tsinghai. to be cultivated here in profusion. We spent from We passed opium fields with poppies in full eight to ten hours a day traveling, but our mules bloom and learned that they yield twelve times and horses did not do much more than four miles the revenue of any other crop. As soon as we an hour. At night we stayed in Chinese inns. crossed over into Moslem areas, however, opium was no longer cultivated. The hills around us On July 3 we arrived at Sining, welcomed by a were of loes formation with deep canyons as pic- large company of missionaries. We had come in turesque as one could desire. The irrigation sys- six days a journey that took one of their missiontem used is that of large water wheels, forty to sixty feet in diameter with paddles turned by the

1933J A FLYING VISIT TO NORTHWEST CHINA

aries twenty-eight days, two years ago. In the on July 17 and after the conference and a delighthome of Mr. and Mrs. George Harris we not only ful visit at the Borden Memorial Hospital, went had lavish hospitality but our first bath for a by air to Sian and by motor to the railhead. On week, for Chinese inns do not resemble American the 23d we were at Hankow, and from there to hotels. Kuling and Mokanshan for the summer confer- Sining has a population of 100,000 and the ences. whole east suburb is Moslem. We visited the Some Indelible Impressions 1. The call of the unoccupied areas and the sta- tions so sadly undermanned. The Borden Me- morial Hospital, a fine institution, is the only hos- pital in Kansu for five million people. The three provinces of Kansu, Chinghai, Ningsia, and be- yond them Sinkiang, are all desperately in need of foreign and Chinese evangelists. The recent visits of Dr. and Mrs. Rhees and the Rev. F. D. Learner to the borders of Tibet bear out Miss French's statement that "To call Tibet a closed land is merely a piece of Satanic bluff!" Of the Moslem population the Reverend G. K. Harris says: "When one considers the peculiar stubbornness of the Moslem mind and the slowness with which the Christian message is admitted, and the small pro- A CHINESE MOSLEM GIRL mosques and had interesting conversations with A TYPICAL TUNG HSIANG MOSLEM Ahungs and their pupils. Last year some seventy Moslems from this province went to Mecca on pil- portion of the population touched in each village, grimage. Two days across the mountains brought it may be said that just a few dents have been us to Payangjung, another C. 1. M. station; and made ,in the outer edges." one day further on to Tsunhwa where we met the Holtons of the Christian and Missionary Alliance. 2. The ability and heroism of the rank and file Our highest point, 11,250 feet, was reached on of the mission workers. Again and again, while this part of the journey. On the next stage we re-thinking missions in the mule-litter (where came near to serious accident, when the newly made roadbed gave way because of rain storms and our mule-litter went over the side. We were at Hochow in Kansu by July 12. This is the great Moslem center which, with its villages, has a population of 400,000, and is a station of the C. and M. A. Here was the scene of the terrible massacres of the rebellion in 1928. We saw evidences of villages destroyed. The Moslems are now dominant. In the Pa Fang quarter they have a new mosque w.here 3,000 faithful worship on Friday and have a school of 400 pupils who study Chinese, Arabic, and English! We reached Lanchow again

one could neither sleep nor read), the moral beauty vide his own food. New bridges, new schooland glory of the enterprise carried forward by houses, new mosques were often in evidence. We such devoted pioneers dawned on us. The Lay- met no bandits and found the people, including men's Appraisal Committee should have met some the soldiers, everywhere friendly and the innof them. It would have modified their verdict. keepers hospitable. One of the China Inland missionaries, for example, is an Arabic as well as a Chinese scholar, and can 4. Islam in China is not moribund but chal- lenges attention through its program of education THE BORDEN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL and publication. Arabic books are printed at Sin- ing and the ahungs order scores of Arabic dicvie with Persian calligraphists in writing orna- tionaries from Beirut. The Nile Mission Press mental script. Missionaries who can collect bo- publications were eagerly accepted. No less than tanical specimens, study the geology, or correct twenty-two Chinese-Arabic periodicals are pubthe aneroid readings, the spelling of names, and lished in China and recent attacks on the Christhe course of rivers on the French and British sur- tian faith have appeared from the Peiping press. vey maps of China, are not "of limited outlook At Sining we found "Moslem Forward Moveand capacity." Of all the missionaries we met in ment" literature. General Ma has established Honan, Shansi, and Kansu, the last thing one schools in all the Moslem villages of the Province. would say is that "their vision of the inner mean- Chinese is taught in the morning and Arabic in ing of the mission has become obscured by the the afternoon. The Sufi Orders are in evidence intricacies, divisions, frictions, and details of a and we were surprised to find fairly large collectask too great for their powers and their hearts." tions of Arabic and Persian works in every Rather are they one and all doing a work whose mosque library. Many Tibetans have embraced inmost conditions even now are full of moral glory Islam. The Conference resolutions call for speand whose eternal issues (where they think there cially qualified workers and new literature to meet has been most failure) will redound to God's glory. this situation. "How fair the feet of the gospellers of peace of the gospellers of good !" The following Resolutions were passed at the Lanchow Conference confirming similar action at 3. There is a new China in the making. We Sining and Hochow. These resolutions were also saw signs of road building, reforestation, rail- endorsed by the larger conference held at Kuling. way extension, and plans for bus lines and ::erodromes. The new railway ferry between Nanking That there should be a sufficient proportion of qualified and Pukow is soon to give through service from full-time Moslem workers in Kansu. Ningsia and Tsin- Shanghai to Peiping. The use of motor cars is ghai Provinces to present the Gospel adequately to all extending to the frontiers of Tibet. Passengers classes of the Moslems, not forgetting the women and can be booked by the Eurasia Aviation Corpora- girls in scattered villages. tion from Shanghai to Urumtchi, 3,525 kilometers (2,188 miles) west from the coast, The great That these full-time work~rs should give special atten- "silk road" used by caravans and carts for cen- tion to the preparation of literature in Arabic and Chinese turies is being transformed. At Lao Hwa Cheng to meet all classes of the people. we passed many men going east to work on the road in the pass. Each family must furnish one That in districts where there are Moslems residing, all man with shovel or pick to work ten days and pro- missionaries should have some general knowledge of how to meet this special people, and that concise helps should be provided for giving such workers the necessary infor- mation.

That mission councils in designating workers to areas where Moslems reside, should take into consideration the appointment of those who, interested in the Moslems, are prepared to devote at least a proportion of their time to the work.

That a manual for workers among Moslems should be compiled, giving concisely all elementary information nec- essary and advisable for new workers to have, including sources of further information.

That in all tracts for Moslems in Chinese, the basic truths of our Christian faith, such as-the inspiration of the Bible, the Deity of Christ, the Virgin Birth, Cruci- fixion, Death, and Resurrection of our Lord, while pre- sented to the Moslems in a spirit of love, should never be toned down to avoid giving offense to them.

5. The Chinese Christians we met were spir- itually minded and increasingly conscious of their responsibility. They need our prayers and we need theirs. I shall never forget the outburst of revival prayer at Kaifeng and Chengchow, when the Chinese pastor who was my interpreter re-

AN ADVENTURE IN ETHIOPIAN EXECUTIONS

quested intercession. Also at the Conference for plans for evangelism, for better literature, and Chinese Christians at Kuling there were leaders, for closer cooperation. Best of all there is a felt men and women, who had the real missionary pas- need of God. In the words of the C. I. M. annual sion, for which there is no substitute. A number report: "IT IS WHAT He DOES THAT COUNTS. If volunteered to devote themselves to special service through the efforts of some 1300 (C. I. M.) misamong Moslems; one, a layman, expects to study sionaries and some thousands of Chinese workers Arabic. At Kuling, through the kindness of anything effective has been accomplished, God has Bishop Lorin H. Roots, of the Protestant Epis- been the doer of it. No one who has seen Him at copal Church, I met General Chiang Kai-Shek, work will ever be satisfied with anything less than head of the present government, who became a a manifestation of His power. The Gospel may Christian about three years ago. He is rightly be preached, meetings may be held, and statistics described as "taciturn, imperturbable, far-sighted, tabulated; there may be evidences of conscienautocratic, and one of the ablest Chinese in office." tious self-denying activity, but all will be utterly He and his charming wife, a graduate of Welles- fruitless unless His Hand is stretched out to ley, welcomed us into their Christian home and bless." And it is. asked for the prayers of the missionaries in the present crisis and need of China. At Shanghai we Our safety on the journey was an answer to met a distinguished group of Chinese Christians prayer and it is with thanksgiving to God that at a Chinese dinner, all of them members of the we record the memory of His great goodness and Church of Christ in China. They are laying large express our firm faith in the sure coming of His Kingdom in spite of sword and flood and famine.

An Adventure in Ethiopian Executions* By DR. J. ALVIN ORR, Jr., Addis Ababa, Ethiopia George Memorial Hospital, United Presbyterian Mission N OT long ago there was brought to this hos- lowed to go free and may not be punished again. pital a man who had stared death in the Only rarely does a man so doomed to death es- face and escaped it. He had been, by Ethiopian law, adjudged a murderer and been cape his fate. But if his bonds are loose, or the condemned to death because of his crime. In this rifle not accurately pointed, he occasionally does part of Ethiopia, legal executions are performed cheat death. by shooting-provided the incensed relations of the deceased refuse blood money or the criminal Such a patient came to us with two bullet is unable to pay it. wounds. One of the missiles had torn away a piece of his neck, but had damaged no vital struc- The condemned man or woman is strapped into ture. A second had traversed his chest, entering a chair and the bonds are made tight. The rifle just above the heart and emerging below the is in an adjoining room and is mounted on a tri- shoulder blade. The third bullet had missed him pod fixed in stone. Between these two rooms there entirely. Truly, this man had escaped death "as are two doors, closely resembling each other, but by fire." one is a door of wood and the other is of pasteboard. It is through this latter door that the We treated him and he recovered. Meanwhile, bullets come. our evangelistic teachings had not fallen on un- willing ears. When this patient left the hospital, The relatives of the murdered man or woman well and strong again, he requested the gift of a have the right to fire the gun-done by simply Bible (for he had no money) that he might go pressing the trigger, for there can be no aiming and tell to others the Glad Tidings he had re- -if they so desire. If not, it is discharged by a ceived. soldier. Only three bullets may be shot. If, by any combination of circumstances, the condemned Here was a man who had been a murderer; is not killed by the volley, he may be taken to a had been condemned to death and had almost hospital for the treatment of what wounds he has miraculously escaped. He had been healed of his received. If he survives these wounds, he is al- wounds, and had heard the Word of God. He had desired to tell others of Christ and what He had * From The United Presbyterian. meant to him. Surely this was part of God's di- vine plan.

Day of Opportunity in

By DR. W. M. MONTANO, Lima, Peru Evangelical Union of South America, Lima, Peru POR a long time we have been praying that had a Sunday school, and Easter Sunday at Sun- God would raise up at least one of our young day school the attendance had increased a great people that, without fear or shame, would go deal due to the special announcements and inter- through the streets of Lima carrying a sign board est that had been created. Sunday afternoon, as with announcements of the meetings on one side the programs had all been given, the young men and a Scripture text on the other. During Easter were sent out with their sign and the congregation week one of our young men, a member of the Gid- in the evening again proved what splendid result eon League, said that he was ready. I began to this way of advertising was giving. The church paint the sign with large letters on a piece of was again filled and for the greater part new faces cardboard. Some young men appeared "with hid- could be seen and they remained during the whole den gifts." One knew how to draw, another was service listening to the sermon, "The Risen a carpenter, another a splendid announcer. We Christ." We would like to put these souls in finished the sign and let the announcer go through your hearts so that with your prayers you may the streets. It was a true novelty for Lima. The help them.

people, accustomed to seeing announcements of One side of the sign had the following: LISTEN!

theaters carried in such a way through the streets TODAy…… (naming the day) (theme of the were greatly surprised. On Thursday of Easter conference), PUBLIC SERVICE BY. . . . .. ADDRESS, week many were coming out from the Catholic FREE ENTRANCE. On the other side, "John 3: 16"

churches. The sign board was written with great was written in clear and large letters. The young prudence. The people asked the young man and men told us that this text was read by all classes his companion to stop long enough so that they with much interest, and that many asked many might be able to read the notice on one side and questions concerning the Protestants, for the most the text on the other. Many gathered and with part the people think that we do not believe in consideration asked the announcer how to reach God, or in Christ, nor in anything that has to do the church. It was necessary to wait until the with religion and heaven; that we harm the peo- evening to see what effect the sign would have on pIe and that we are Satan's agents. It is hard to the meeting. What a marvel! The church was believe that in a city such as Lima the people will filled, and eighty per cent were new people, intelli- believe everything the priest tells them and can gent people, people of society. be so deceived. It is not so strange that the more This encouraged us to follow the same practice simple country folk that live in the mountains be- for Good Friday. The young men announcers lieve these things; and there they believe that we went toward the "Plaza de Armas" (Main have horns. That is what they said when I visited Square). The majority showed consideration and one of these places. The priest had said to his respect, but at the hour of the procession some congregation "that one has Devil's horns on his fanatical women called the young men "Judas," head, and you will notice that he wears his hat and said that no doubt they were receiving at least quite low so as to hide them." When these poor 100 8ole8 as pay for announcing the meetings. people begin to realize the folly of all of this, They spat, pushed and threw stones at them. Be- they begin to have more confidence in us and little fore these young men left to do this work prayer by little they follow the Way of the Lord. But the was offered for them and while they were out we most difficult is to get them to trust us and to do prayed for their protection. They conquered away with their prejudice and suspicions. It may through God's power and their prize was to see be due in part, the attitude of the Romanists the church filled to overflowing, and benches were against Protestants, to the fact that many of the placed in every spare place. Among so many the workers and missionaries instead of feeling the believers could hardly be distinguished; the pulse with great caution and prudence as to their greater percentage were new. God gave us the beliefs, and accommodating their messages to the victory. Sunday was the next meeting to be held. idiosyncrasy of these people, they hold arguments During these special days we announced that we and controversy against their belief, which is [ 534 ] their life. "If you tell me that Mary had more their lessons of work without any interruption.

sons, I will never become an evangelical," a Cath- God is showing us as well that another of the olic priest told me when we began some very in- secrets toward the road to success is to form in teresting talks together as he has recently become the Church, as Church, the habit of prayer. When interested in the Gospel after being a priest for the believers are ready to get up at an earlier hour 25 years. He has asked to be baptized, but I told than they are accustomed to doing and pray to him that this· act could not save him. I answered God, the same thing that happened in China and neither I nor anyone else could say that Mary had in Japan will happen here. More than a year ago more children, although such an act would not we established prayer meetings at six o'clock in harm her condition of santification. Another the morning, and after sometime, for different cirpriest, a short time ago, called in a very urgent cumstances, we suspended them. Now we have manner, saying that he wanted to leave the con- started them again. The first Sunday nine came vent and become an evangelical. These reports to the service; the following, thirteen; and the show how these people think on religious mat- third, sixteen. In the same way, we have again ters. The subject of the text had a very good started that which we had a little more than a effect and I am sure that it was used as fire and sword by God's spirit to speak to hundreds of hearts, and I could almost say to thousands, be- cause of the great number of people that were in the streets during those days. The number that came to our service on "Good Friday" was far greater than all of those other congregations put together.

Lately God is showing us His way of accom- plishing the best results. He is putting into our hands humble and simple instruments that are necessary. We have often forgotten what God did with Moses and with David, using their AN EVENING MEETING IN THE EVANGELICAL CHURCH strength and vigor. Here we have a group of young people and to know how to lead them is the year ago-special meetings for the edification of method of winning them in Latin America. The the believers. In these services we enter into the older believers, with all of their love and inter- innermost of our Christian duty. We ask for est, have been born in prejudice and have been prayers that there may be great blessing in these reared lacking true character in our countries. meetings as well as in the others. Just now we Studying the glorious history of the Protestant are praying that God will lead us in enlarging our Saxon, we find that the young people had to ac- circle of action. Having at present seven differ- complish that which those that had gone on ahead ent places for our Cottage meetings in the differ- were not able to accomplish. From all this we ent sections of the city, we would like to have find greatest results. God has used those of long another hall where it would not be at the mercy experience generally for edification, but He has of the owner of the house that for some reason or raised up the young people to explore and to pierce other he would have to move away, leaving us through the enemy's camp. That which is lacking without a house in which to go on preaching and is to realize "that who does not venture" cannot obiliging us to lose sight of our interested ones pass over the sea. There will not be those who after we have worked hard to have them as be- can build up or confirm if they have not gone to lievers. It would not only help us to reach new the attack and have come back with their con- souls having meetings firmly established, but it quered. The older believers' fear is made up in would be a place where some of our gifted breth- its lack with the fervor and bravery in the new ren of our Church at Mandamientos could exer- believers. It is not the same in Saxon countries, cise in the ministry of preaching and thus have where for many years has had evidence of Prot- a ministry among the laic brethren. With this estantism. The actual generations of Saxon same thought we have established meetings here Protestantism have their inheritance of strength at the church on every Monday night. We have and they were born in bravery and it is natural these meetings on the style of a small institute that they keep this same vigor, this same passion where we prepare the members of the Gideon and this same vitality. In our countries it does League in the art of winning souls, teaching them not happen that way. For that reason the desire how to distribute tracts, how to invite people to a burns within us to educate this group of young meeting, how to give a testimony, how to preach.

people so that with the coming generation, this We do not know what the result will be, but I ask same group leave their footprints of strength and you to pray.

Migrant Spanish~Americans

Results of Religious Work in Northern Colorado –<111_ By LAURA MAKEPEACE, Fort Collin" Coloudo l~o- HAVE you ever known a Ladies' Aid Society is a state affair, sponsored by the Denver Com- that was so popular that all of the men munity Players. Because of the colorful costumes wanted to attend? Such a society meets and Spanish music, they won first place in the every Tuesday afternoon in the First Presby- church group. terian church in Fort Collins, Colorado. It is ~omposed of Spanish-American women. They and One evening, about two years ago, when the cheir families do seasonal work in the sugar beet young people met in the church for a rehearsal, a fields. Their pay is pitifully small, and the living strange youth appeared. He introduced himself problem during the winter months is serious, at Bernardo Valdez and said that he and his famoften tragic. These women have made many ily had recently moved to Fort Collins. He had quilts for the needy of their own number, and heard that Protestant services were held in this they do other sewing whenever they are able to church for Spanish-Americans and that the young secure material. Under the supervision of a few people were meeting that evening, so he had come American women of the church their meetings to get acquainted. are such happy occasions that old and young attend, even the young men if they can find any Mrs. R. A. Johnson, who has sponsored this excuse. work from the beginning, was impressed with his bearing, so different from the usual hang-dog shy- The Christian Endeavor Society also, while ness of the other young men. As she had not yet planned for young people, is so interesting that it assigned the leading man's part in the "Wedding is difficult to limit it to them. In Spanish-Amer- Feast," she gave it to Bernardo. When he began ican communities, the girls are closely chaperoned to practice, she feared that she had made a misand as they are never permitted to associate freely take for he could scarcely speak intelligible Engwith young men, the older generation find the lish. But he worked hard and was determined to American custom hard to understand. They do make good. not feel just right in allowing their young people to work and play together without their parents' He attended the services faithfully for a time, supervision. and then came less and less frequently. While he had had very little schooling, he was far superior There is little or no wholesome recreation for mentally to the other boys and girls in the church. the Spanish-Americans in this community, so that They recognized this and were not very friendly the church is trying to fill this need. In addition with him. This made him feel so lonely that he to the regular services and group meetings, there found friends elsewhere. Some of these were not is a Christian Endeavor social every month and good companions and he began to drink and let a party for the entire congregation. down his standards generally. Mrs. Johnson found out the difficulty and, after a time, was abl8 An annual Thanksgiving dinner is given at to win him back. which only Spanish foods are served. There is always a Christmas party with a tree, Santa Claus, Bernardo's story seems strange in these United and gifts for the children. Each little girl receives States. He was born in a tiny plaza in New Mexa ten-cent doll that has been dressed by girls in ico, twenty-one years ago. His father was a clever the American Sunday school, and each little boy Spanish-American politician who could read and receives a ten-cent toy. They bring much joy for write both Spanish and English, and had more that is all the Christmas that most of them have. than average intelligence. Mrs. Valdez is igno- rant and superstitious, and has little in her favor. The young people have produced several plays. Last year they portrayed a Spanish wedding and They were Roman Catholics and Mr. Valdez fiesta at an Old Fiddlers' contest in Fort Collins. was also a Penitente, a sect of the Spanish Cath- It was so well received that they repeated it at an olics who take most solemn vows and perform amateur players' contest in Denver. This contest many secret rights. During Holy Week, they tor- ture themselves unmercifully and one of their [536 ] number is always placed on a cross until nearly is a college graduate, is helping him with his dead. Bernardo joined the Penitentes and was a studies there. faithful member as a young boy. Bernardo wants to become a Christian minister The father was not satisfied with what he found but is handicapped with his family. He manages in his religion and left it, but took nothing in its his mother and the younger children like a father place. He read his Bible, however, and was con- and they adore him and obey him. Mrs. Valdez is stantly seeking for the light. Bernardo also read too ignorant to be of any help, and is really his his father's New Testament as a child without most serious problem. Some months ago, while knowing that it was part of the Bible. he was working in a quarry some miles from home, she dropped the coffee pot on her foot, scald- Later the family moved to Denver and there ing it badly. Bernardo was sent for and took her came in contact with the Rev. Jose Candaleria, to a doctor. He then returned to his work and in pastor of a Protestant church for Spanish-Amer- his absence, a neighbor came in and began to tell icans. They began to attend his church, and after Mrs. Valdez that doctors are no good, and that a time, Mr. and Mrs. Valdez joined it. Bernardo the foot would never get well with his treatment. had heard of Protestants in New Mexico, but had She was persuaded to call in a Spanish herb docbeen taught that they were terrible people, tor. This woman boiled some weeds in a pot, rescarcely human. It was hard for him to get away moved the doctor's bandage and placed the injured from his early teaching, but after four years, he foot into this concoction at the same temperature decided that there must be something in this new as the coffee that had scalded it. She charged $2 religion. His father ceased to get drunk after he a visit and had made four visits before Bernardo joined this church and never again abused his came to town again. Thus his scanty earnings wife. were wasted and the foot was made worse. This is only one instance of his difficulties. Before Bernardo joined the Protestant church, he returned to New Mexico to the old plaza to re- BERNARDO VALDEZ-A BORN AGAI:-; MEXICAX nounce his vows to the Penitentes. When the purpose of his visit became known there, all of the doors of the plaza were closed to him. Finally, one boy friend persuaded his parents to allow Bernardo to stay in their home for a short time but they were none too cordial.

The father died when Bernardo was sixteen, so that he became the head of the family and had to support his mother and four younger children, ranging from three to nine years old.

Last summer he was a delegate to a religious conference for Spanish-American young people at Geneva Glen, Colorado. This opened a new world to him. He found the leaders to be wonderful Christian men who encouraged him and helped him solve some of his personal problems. He learned what a real Christian life could be and, since returning home, has tried his best to live such a life. He is now president of the Christian Endeavor society and teaches a class of boys in the Sunday school. Bernardo has a burning desire to get an education. When talking about this with Mrs. Johnson one evening, she asked, "Do you really want to study?"

"Do I? Just give me a chance," he replied. Mrs. Johnson gathered together some old school books, assigned some lessons in them and told him to return in a few days for his first lesson. As he went out of the door with the books in his arms, he turned and said, "Now I have hope." "Hope of what, Bernie?" she asked. "Hope of being somebody," he answered. He studied faithfully all winter and made remarkable progress. At present, he is working in a reforestation camp and one of the foremen, who

The Spanish-Americans were brought to north- day service. The work grew rapidly and soon Mr. ern Colorado by the Great Western Sugar Com- Sanchez was conducting church services after the pany, mostly from their homes in the little plazas Sunday school. A mid-week prayer meeting is in New Mexico though a few come from old Mex- held every Friday evening in the Sanchez home ico. With the closing of European immigration, with more people attending than there are resilaborers were needed in the sugar beet fields, and dent members of the church. One hundred and these people seemed to solve the problem. They nine people have been received into the memberwork for a season on one farm, and the next year ship of the church. Since there is no other Protmay be located many miles away, so the group is estant work among them in this community, it constantly changing. Most of these people were draws members from all denominations. born in the United States; their ancestors were here before the English landed on the Atlantic Owing to the fact that these people remain in seaboard, but they are just as foreign as immi- the community for such a short time, the actual grants fresh from Spain. Few of them speak number of resident members is always small. The English, and few have ever been to school. Their Sanchez family is the only one that has remained superstition and ignorance are almost unbe- here during the six years. lievable. In March, 1933, the Rev. Uvaldo Martinez was Most of them are Roman Catholics, but there appointed to look after the work in Fort Collins are a few Protestant families. Outstanding among and Greeley. Both Mr. and Mrs. Martinez are them is the family of Lino Sanchez that arrived graduates of mission schools in New Mexico. He is also a graduate of McCormick Theological Sem- SPANISH AMERICAN SUNDAY SCHOOL IN FORT inary, and is well fitted for the work. COLLINS, COLORADO The Spanish-American Protestants are happy in 1924. Mr. and Mrs. Sanchez attended mission to have religious services and the work has met a schools in New Mexico, and Mr. Sanchez has two real need. The leaders have three obstacles to brothers who are Christian ministers. Soon after meet. their arrival, they joined the Presbyterian Church and their children began to attend Sunday school. First, is the migrant character of the people. In two or three years, there were children from Many move on before they make any progress, several families in this Sunday school, but they often to communities where there is neither relidid not mix very well with the American children. gious nor social work for them. Noticing this, two primary teachers, Mrs. R. A. Johnson and Mrs. E. G. Mickle felt that these chil- Second, they are so ignorant that most of them dren should have a Sunday school of their own. must be taught and looked after like little chil- dren. At first, they spent their money as fast as These women called on the pastor of the church, they made it. Automobile and radio salesmen Dr. Leon Stewart, and put their idea before him. could easily persuade them to buy what they did He suggested that they call upon Mr. and Mrs. not need, usually on the installment plan. When Sanchez and this family was delighted with the they could not keep up their payments, as was idea. They not only promised to attend the Sun·- often the case, their purchases were taken back. day school themselves, but to get word to all other Thus they lost both their money and their car or Spanish-American Protestants that they knew. radio. The depression has taught them many things. They do not now buy luxuries as readily The new school was organized on the first Sun- as they did and they make their little money go day of March, 1927, with Mr. Sanchez as super- farther. One family of five is living on $15 a intendent. There were eighteen Spanish-Amer- month. icans present. These women have continued in this work during the six years since its organiza- Third, even though they may be years or even tion, while Mr. Sanchez has never missed a Sun- generations away from Roman Catholicism, they fear the priests. If a child is very sick, the priest is sure to arrive. He tells the poor, ignorant parents that their baby is lost unless they let him baptize it at once. Many times he is able to frighten them into submitting. They need educa- tion as well as religion for they are not inferior mentally when given a chance. Even with good educations, it is difficult for them to obtain good positions outside of their own communities.

This can never be a tolerant or Christian nation while we continue to discriminate against some of its citizens. This intolerance is holding these Spanish-Americans down and is keeping them from their birthright as American citizens.

Gospel for the Poor in India*

How Christ's Program Is Being Carried Out Among the Outcastes By DR. SAM HIGGINBOTTOM, Allahabad, India The Spirit of the Lord is upon me because he hath an- me looking for Indian illustrations for economic nointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; he hath sent truths?" me to heal the broken hearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at All of my previous reading had lead me to think liberty them that are bruised; to preach the acceptable year of India as the land of pomp and pageantry; the of the Lord.-St. Luke 4: 18. land of the nabob and the Maharajah; the land of elephant processions with their gorgeous trap- I N 1903 I landed in India, a layman; expecting pings; the land of sumptuous splendor. I have to do evangelistic work among the outcastes. seen spectacles in India which could scarcely be No people in the course of human history have matched in any other country. During the war I suffered for so long a time as was director of agriculture for the outcastes and untouchables one of the Indian maharajas of India. They have been de- It is difficult to reach a who maintains an army of ten nied ordinary human rights; man's mind when he is igno- thousand, including an elephant they have been oppressed, sup- rant and oppressed. Perpetual battery. To watch these great pressed, depressed, by the famine is not good prepara- beasts pull the guns down the upper castes. tion for spiritual life. Few parade ground is enough to When I reached India, in- who have not seen it realize give one a real thrill. the extreme poverty, ignostead of letting me work among There is still this India of the untouchables, the mission rance and spiritual depression splendor and munificence, but sent me to teach in a college. in India. Dr. Higginbottom the India I saw with the stu- They didn't ask me what I could shows how the full program dents in the mud village, was a teach; they told me what I of Christ not only includes land of great poverty. I saw must teach. The subject had the preaching of the Gospel men and women eating millet, interested me little in college. but the feeding of the multi- which we in America call bird tudes, the enlightening of It was economics. The text- minds and the release of the seed. In India men and women books were English and Amer- physically oppressed. None will take some of this in the ican; the students Indian, do- of these lines of service suf- right hand, throw some of it fice without the Gospel but ing their work in a foreign lan- they are necessary features of into their mouths and chew, guage. It is much harder in the Christian missionary pro- chew, chew. Some people told India for a student to secure his gram. us that if they could have all of education than in America. this seed they needed every day Thus it was easy for me to per- they would be satisfied with suade these students to come life. But sometimes in the hot with me on some of the frequent holidays-which weather they have no work, and therefore no form a pleasant feature in Indian education. wages and no food. Very frequently they have About eighty per cent of the students are Hindus, to skip a day, and so have nothing to eat.

ten per cent Moslems, five per cent Christians, the I saw little children, from toddling age to seven other five per cent might come under that category or eight years old, simply dressed in their birth- Mr. Kipling speaks of as the "lesser breeds with- day suits; strutting around with enormous, pro- out the law." In the interest of religious liberty tuberant stomachs, supported on two little straight we permit students to observe their own religious sticks of bone. The faces of these children were holidays. I said to them: "Won't you forego the pinched and !?trangely wizen.

pleasure of some of these holidays and come with "What is wrong with these children?" I asked.

"Are they suffering from some disease?"

• An address delivered before the United Brooklyn Foreign Mis- "Oh no, Sahib; they are the children of the sions Conference, Thursday, April 20, 1933.' not revised by the poor." speaker, [539 ]

There is not a cow in this village that will give common material for cleaning the walls and floors.

more than a quart of milk a day; therefore milk The women take fresh cow dung, mix it with clay, is a luxury beyond the reach of these children. and make a smooth plaster. It is also used as They are fed on a diet of rice with a little split pea medicine, both internal and external. The other soup poured over it. In seeking nourishment out manures they cannot use because of caste. I think of this, the children gorge themselves. Many of about thirty per cent of the disease in India would them die. disappear, dysentery, the cholera, hookworm and All India, measured by any standard, is a land other intestinal parasites, if proper sanitation of great poverty. I thought it was not right that could be introduced. Certain villages show one people should live permanently undernourished to hundred per cent intestinal parasitism; many such a degree they were physically incapable of schools show that 80 % are suffering from disease good work. So I said to government officials and that would be prevented, if there were simple missionaries, "If you are justified in giving any obedience in India to the sanitary code of the education, surely you should teach the majority of Mosaic law.

the people of India how, out of their own soil, to People also say, "You protect your crops against grow crops to provide enough food to have a sur- wild animals and birds; we can't do that." Mr.

plus with which to pay taxes and rent and buy Gandhi holds to the doctrine that when a man or things required." animal or insect dies, the spirit goes into some "Don't you know," they replied, "that these In- other body. In India they believe that hundreds dians have been cultivating the Ganges Valley for of millions of rebirths must be experienced before centuries? They have worked out a very delicate Nirvana is attained. Where the Ganges and balance between the fertility of the soil and the Jumna and Sarasmati rivers come together I amount of crop they dare take out of it." have seen a crowd, estimated to be between four I have come to have a profound respect for the and five million people, gathered at one place, at Indian farmer and I do not suggest a departure one time, for one purpose; they come together from their methods until I have found a good rea- from the ends of Hindustan, believing that if they son. can dip in the water where those sacred streams Finally, after spending two years in America, meet they will get rid of one hundred thousand studying agriculture, I returned to India and rebirths for each dip. They are anxious to reach started an agricultural college. We have now Nirvana, which is a state of Being without con- learned how, on this very poor land, to grow sciousness or personality; they wish to escape crops so large that if all of the cultivated acres of from life-the greatest gathering of human be- the United Provinces produced as well as the mis- ings anywhere in the world, bear witness to a con- sion farm produces, then the United Provinces ception of life as a burden, a weariness, something would be the richest agricultural district in the to be escaped and avoided. No greater contrast is world. No other equal area of the earth's surface possible than between this concept of life and the has so many people as the Ganges Valley. We cut concept of Him who said, "I am come that they alfalfa ten to fourteen times a year; four tons to might have life and have it abundantly." This be- the cutting. My boy, David, who is now thirteen, lief in transmigration makes a great difference in was interested in counting how many things we India because the people believe that every bird could have on our table that could be home grown and beast and reptile and insect possesses a soul if we so desired. Some days he would count and spirit, and that i;f they destroy one they think twenty or twenty-five things on the table, grown it is committing murder.

on the farm or in our garden-milk, butter, cheese, A few days before we left Allahabad, I was sugar, bread, oranges, lemons, limes, qumquats, asked to visit a village eight miles away, where pomelos,grapefruit, custard apples, bananas, jack it was said the rats were doing great damage to fruit, peanuts, Irish potatoes, sweet potatoes, crops. My colleague went with a low caste man cauliflower, peas, beans, beets, garlic, onions, rad- who carried a calcium cyanide gun-being an out- ishes, lettuce, celery, egg plant, squash and cu- caste he can kill animals. When this low caste cumbers. Weare now growing these things in man comes to a rat hole, he pumps the plunger great variety, and in amazing abundance. and sends the calcium cyanide dust into the hole, I pointed out to my village neighbors that this puts in a plug of wet mud and goes on. He knows poor land, which they said was useless to plow, that if a rat, porcupine or snake is in that hole was producing these good crops. They said, "Yes, in due time it will become first-class fertilizer.

Sahib, but you use manures that we can't use be- In this village, where the rats had destroyed grain, cause of our caste, and our religion. We could use we used this calcium cyanide gun on a field of cattle manure, but there are so many other uses five-eights of an acre. In the four days we killed for it that there is little left for fertilizer." Cow over eleven hundred rats. But these caste Indians manure is a common fuel in India; it is also the say: "Sahib, didn't God make rats as much as he

THE GOSPEL FOR THE POOR IN INDIA

made me; aren't rats entitled to their share as "We all know the cattle problem is because the much as I? Sahib, I won't kill a rat." Hindus worship the cow. They permit all of the Two Indian gentlemen-two Hindus-one a pro- cow family to live and breed; the result is the fessor in the Allahabad University; the other one cattle of India are not only increasing in number, a farmer, estimated that the rats of India destroy but they are deteriorating in quality. India has ten per cent of the grain every year; that is from too many cattle, let's have packing houses and re- seven to ten million tons, but because the people frigerating ships; Europe will take all of India's have such respect for the rat, they permit it to go surplus beef." My good friend, the Hindu pundit, on destroying the grain. expressed his regret that t)1e chairman had not The monkeys of India make commercial or- ruled the remarks out of order, for said he, "I charding almost impossible. Thirty per cent of could not have stayed in the room, had I known the diseases are said to come because people eat you would permit such discussion; I would as soon too much grain, and not enough milk, vegetables discuss the murder of my mother as the murder of and fruit. You would think, since fruit can be a cow."

grown so easily, they would grow more fruit. A This orthodox Hindu pundit got his religion Hindu friend of mine, one of the most enlightened from his mother. India is what the mothers of men I have ever known, a wealthy landlord, was India have taught it. I do not see how India can anxious to improve the status of his tenants. He flake much progress until we tackle in some more owned several thousand acres, equadistant from adequate way, the problem of the village woman.

three of the greatest cities of the Ganges valley. She is almost one hundred per cent illiterate, and He said, "With these markets so near, my tenants can only hand on to her boy what she has. If we would do better were they growing fruit and vege- can educate her, train her, give her mind a con- tables than wheat and barley." He helped the tent, give her something worth while to pass on to farmers plant thousands of fruit trees and for the her boy, we will see a different India. There are first few years they did well. Then the monkeys many noble women in India but they are the vic- got in and made themselves intolerable. The peo- tims of a system.

ple said, "Sahib, we would better chop the trees The longer I live in India, the more respect I down, the monkeys are getting everything and we have for the Old Testament as well as the New.

can't get a living, we would better grow wheat. The first two chapters of Genesis are especially The old gentleman called in the monkey catchers, rich because in them are laid down the principles who, for eight annas (or sixteen cents) for each by which a continuing, progressive society may monkey, caught and deported the monkeys fifteen endure. Take the last part of the promise, "Man or twenty miles. Those other villages wondered shall have dominion over the fish of the sea, and what they had done to receive this addition to their over the fowl of the air and over every living population; after a year or so, when the monkeys thing that moveth." Mahatma Gandhi and all had worn out their welcome, the people invited orthodox Hindus say, "We cannot accept that; we these same catchers to return and catch the same venerate the cow; we regard as sacred every bird, monkeys and take them back where they came beast and reptile." The price India pays for ig- from. So the old landlord wrote to the papers noring this first direction of Almighty God is that, complaining of the rascality of these monkey whereas she could be the richest agricultural coun- catchers, but he didn't suggest that they destroy try in the world, she is cursed with a degree and the monkeys. He did suggest that a large block kind of poverty that beggars description. The of land be secured as a monkey preserve and that main cause of India's poverty lies in her social a monkey proof fence be put around it. customs and her religious belief. Our Lord, that The wild pig of India also does so much damage Sabbath day in the synagogue at Nazareth, read: that the Bombay Government is now publishing "The Spirit of the Lord is upon me because he bulletins on it. Vegetables, sweet potatoes, Irish hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the potatoes, peanuts are nearly impossible to be poor." Dr. Stanley Jones tells us how this applies grown where wild pigs abound, so that the farm- today in India. In the last decade, each year 150,- ers' choice of crops is restricted to those not ac- 000 non-Christian Indians have come into the ceptable to the pig. The indirect damage is still Christian fold, very largely as a result of this greater than the direct damage and there is little preaching of the Gospel to the poor. Some sneer of economic importance left. and say, "Yes, but they are outcastes and untouch- But when you come to the cow you see, as it ables that are coming into Christianity and they were, the flower of animal worship. Mahatma have much to gain by the change. But the poor, Gandhi says, "I hold to the veneration of the cow." the downtrodden and the opressed are especially Last year the leader of the Orthodox Hindu Party mentioned in the program of our Lord. We must was appointed to study the cattle problem of India. have preaching in the Gospel, but it is a mistake When the committee met, an Englishman said, to think that is all there is to the Gospel.

Our Lord went on to say, "We are to heal the and farming in India?" It has been the purpose of broken-hearted." Is there any place on earth my life to do God's will. That will is richer, fuller, where you will find any more broken-hearted peo- better than any will of my own could be for my ple than among the sixty million untouchables of life; so when critics come, with their questioning India. Mr. Gandhi, from his jail, sent out about and say, "Why do you do this?" I go to my Lord a year ago a statement about the untouchables and I ask him about it. I think He gives an answer something like this, "To be born an untouchable is in that great picture in the twenty-fifth chapter of the equivalent of having a life sentence of penal St. Matthew, when he says, "Come ye blessed of servitude, from which in this life there is no es- my Father," and when they ask, "Why do you call cape; birth and birth alone determines the un- us blessed; what have we ever done?" He replies, touchable. His position is inescapable in this in- "You saw me hungry, you gave me to eat; I say, carnation." "When" and Jesus says, "Don't you remember you When the orthodox Hindus challenge Mr. Gand- went to that little famine cursed Indian village; hi's right to remove untouchability, they say that you saw those children with great, distended stom- these people are born in that position, that is their achs; you knew there wasn't a cow in that village fate and that no one can remove untouchability. that would give more than a quart of milk a day; Christ comes along through his servants and you took a beautiful cross-bred cow that could give looks into that horrible pit, and as one whose arm twenty to twenty-five quarts a day, wasn't that is not shortened that it cannot save, He reaches doing something for the least of my little ones?

down and lifts up and heals the broken hearted. They were growing coarse grain and low yields of These untouchables have, in Hinduism, no hope of wheat. You quadrupled the yields and improved better things in this life; but the God of hope lifts the quality. Is not that helping to feed the hun- them out from that horrible pit. Today we almost gry? They were growing sixty to eighty pounds have to say to them, "Why do you come so fast; of cotton; you taught them how to grow four hun- we can't care for you; we haven't sufficient help- dred, isn't that helping to clothe the naked? There ers." The outcastes are almost one hundred per had been a great drought, every stream is dry, a cent illiterate, degraded through centuries of op- woman comes to the well, she drops her vessel pression, suppression and depression. down into the well curb, but there is no water in it.

Some of my Indian friends in Allahabad are Terror is in her eyes, for it is a dry and thirsty charming, cultured men; and yet, they are cap- land where no water is. That village faces suf- tives; they are bound by chains of social custom fering and death. You go into that village with a like caste and religious belief, such as the doctrine good American boring apparatus, and bore down of transmigration and the veneration of the cow. sixty, eighty, maybe one hundred feet, until you Christ came to set the captive free; to break those strike a good vein of water, enough for man and fetters. Our Lord, when he sent forth the twelve, beast and some over for irrigation. Is not that said: "As you go, preach, heal the sick, cleanse giving drink to the thirsty?" If I understand the the leper, raise the dead, cast out demons." When Gospel of Christ right, what He lived and prac- John the Baptist sent two of his disciples to ask ticed, what He bade his disciples take to the end Jesus if He was the promised Messiah, Christ told of the earth, that Gospel is the only practical pro- them to return and tell John what they had seen, gram this world has for meeting every human "how the blind receive their sight, the lane walk, need, whether the need be physical, mental or spir- the lepers are cleansed, the sick are healed, the itual. Of all those who have trod the pages of his- dead raised and the poor have the Gospel preached tory and have come within human ken, Jesus unto them." If J-ohn knew what He was doing Christ is the only one who proved Himself able that would reveal Him to be the Saviour of men. to save to the utmost all who come to God by Him.

Yet some say: "After all is it right for mission- So let us all do our part to fulfil His great com- aries to take money from the home Church and to mand to take His Gospel of life to all men every- go out and engage in cattle breeding, raising fruit where.

MISSIONARY WORK WITHOUT MONEY If money is lacking now, there are many ways to work without it. Russia carried out one five-year plan without money, and has now begun on a second. A plan of world evangelization must inevitably involve changes; but it is against the purpose of Ohrist to retrench! If there is no money to support missionaries, let us get together and start many Gospel schools and thus create lay leaders, and continue doing so for scores of years. There is need now to set up such aggressive, constructive planning. Why not start occupational evangelism on a world-wide scale? When even the Rotary Club has an occupational fraternity as wide as the world, why cannot those who belong to Christ achieve such constructive planning?-Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa.

A Self~Made Madagascar

_•..ef i Translated by the REV. C. THEODORE BENZE, D.D., Mt. Airy, Philadelphia )at- President of the Lutheran Theological Seminary I N THE foreign mission field the most unex- the island and an Arab element on the northwest pected things happen. God moves in a mys- and southeast coasts. There are traces in the terious way. Within the Anglican Church an interior of an aboriginal people of a different indigenous church has come into being through stock. Roughly speaking, the people of the island the ministry of a self-constituted bishop who are called Malagasies. They may be divided gen- evangelized a district, founded churches, ordained erally into an eastern group comprising a number presbyters and deacons, and accomplished these of tribes, a central, among whom the Hovas are results unaided by any missionary society. Here the dominant tribe, and a western group, common- is a story so novel and almost incredible, that it ly known under the general name of Sakalava. deserves to be widely told.* These latter, mixed with Arab blood, and a mixed The story is so unusual that Bishop King quotes race called Antankarana, form the population of a statement by Bishop O'Ferral: "The Northern the northern triangle.

Church of Madagascar is quite inexplicable ex- The Antankarana people are virile but lazy, ac- cept by belief in the Holy Spirit." While such a cording to Bishop King, and live on their rice saying may be applicable to the faith of any in- fields raising cattle. Along the coast they also en- dividual or communion, there are bodies of Chris- gage in fishing. They were never subdued by the tians to whom its truth applies so strikingly, that French but, having always harbored friendly feel- one must accept it. This Northern Church of ings toward them, submitted when the French Madagascar is such a body of believers. finally made a colony of the whole island. While The island of Madagascar lies for the larger the introduction of Christianity in the island falls to the credit of Anglican missionaries, the people part north of the tropic of Capricorn, its northern in the northern triangle received their first educatip reaching to about twelve degrees south. Its tion from the French Catholic Mission in Diego climate is entirely tropical and the northern tip and Nossibe. of the island, which is the scene of our story, is of course the warmest. It consists of the province Such is the background for the history of John of Diego Suarez and parts of two other provinces. Tsizehena, called Bishop John not because of the The entire island is one thousand miles long and validity of the title, but for the sake of simplicity. about three hundred miles across at its widest Dr. King first saw Tsizehena in July, 1910. John point. It is thus almost a small continent and the was then about seventy years old and is described province in question forms a sort of triangle, its as a short, broad-shouldered man, a little bandysides being one hundred and fifty miles long and legged, rather bald and having a strong and honits base one hundred miles from east to west. est face. He was old and infirm and blind; but When the first Anglican Bishop, Robert Kestell- when he took Dr. King into his church, he sang Cornish, visited this part of the island in 1876, he through the Litany in the Malagasy tongue withmade a long voyage around the north of the island, out a mistake. It must have been a rare experitraveling partly by canoes and partly by palanquin ence to meet such a Patriarch, who took himself with bearers. It was then the wildest part of so seriously that he never claimed any real right Madagascar and the time had not yet come to to call himself either "The Bishop of the North" plant a mission. or a doctor of divinity, and yet had accomplished a remarkable work under these titles, with no Although Madagascar is classed as an African one to dispute his claims. As a matter of fact, island, the inhabitants really belong to the Malayo- this native Malagasy, with his simple faith, was a Polynesian stock. Racially and linguistically that real hero and as truly an apostle as anyone who seems to be established; and the traditions of the ever went fort~ to preach the living Christ. All people also point to such an origin. There seem information we have concerning him was preto be African admixtures on the western side of served in his own diary, written in his own poor • It is related most entertainingly by the Right Rev. G. L. King, manner, for he was never taught reading or writaDn.Dd .,wAasngimlicparnesBseidshboyp ohfisMtraudeagCashcraisrt,iawnhochkanreawcttehre.-sCe.lfT-m. aBd.e bishop l·ng by anyone. He nevertheless tells hl·S story l·n [ 543]

a simple straightforward manner that constitutes The Christians had two books which had been its charm. translated into the Malagasy language: the Bible He begins with the story of his baptism, which and the Book of Common Prayer. These were the occurred when he was twelve or thirteen years foundation of their faith. But they knew that the old. He had come under the influence of two mis- sacraments which were enjoined in the Prayer sionaries of the Church Missionary Society, Thom- Book, demanded a priest and a bishop. They rose as Campbell and H. Maundrell, who had begun to the occasion. Ordinarily Christians in like cir- their pioneer work in the region of Vohemar on cumstances follo.w the example of apostolic times the East Coast in 1862 or 1863. When Dr. King and, under prayer, elect one of their number and visited this region in 1910 he found that these two consecrate him by the laying on of hands to be men were still unforgotten. Campbell baptized their pastor. John Tsizehena called his friends John Tsizehena on April 27, 1864. together and told them that he would be their Bishop John's conversion, as is often the case, bishop! He also told them the title by which he was a remarkable experience. He was believed to was to be known among them, namely, "The Right be dead and his body had already been wrapped Rev. Lord Bishop of the North, D.D." That was in linen and bound with cords to make it ready the title by which his "right reverend brother"

for burial. In this state, which he describes vivid- the Bishop of Tananarive was known so that he ly, he says he even heard his mother say, "He is and his fellows saw no impropriety in adopting dead." He adds, "I that was called dead, was a similar title. Bishop John's wife, as a faithful taken by the Spirit, together with a great multi- helpmeet, also did her part. She made him a cas- tude of people, up a dark and slender ladder. sock, a rochet and the best imitation of a hood There was a bright city there, with many glorious that she could devise, for she had never seen one people riding horses. They had tunics and shoes except at a distance. Dr. King calls this hood a and crowns of gold. There was music and the study in black and yellow; but John's fellows saw sound of a trumpet." Then he says that he heard no reason why they should not respect him or his the Commander say, "Who brought this boy hith- vestments. From that time on he was a fully er? Take him back, for there is much work for fledged bishop with the North as his diocese!

him to do down there!" When he became con- One is almost tempted to smile at the simplicity scious he heard his mother crying out that he was of the man, and the flock which followed him, and alive. He tells us that thereafter he was regarded yet such was their earnestness and consecration as a "wise child." that one cannot but respect them. The bishop Two years later he was at Andevorante, two built himself a little wooden church at Namakia.

hundred miles south of Vohemar, where a new He could not find a service for dedicating a church, mission had just been opened. Soon after that he but again his inventiveness stood him in good went to Tananarive. He was following the course stead. He adapted the Service of Holy Baptism of the newly opened mission stations and it seems to his purpose, sprinkling water on the floor of that he was active as a lay preacher. About 1874 the building, and saying, "I baptize thee in the he attracted attention by wearing a cassock with name of St. Jacoba" (St. James in Malagasy).

a tinkling bell, in imitation, it is thought, of Aaron Then he preached on James 3 but confusing Jacob the High Priest. Such idiosyncracies do not seem at Bethel with the Apostle James. Finally he to have interfered with his influence among mem- sprinkled ashes on the floor in the form of a St.

bers of his own race. Andrew's cross and thus his cathedral was conse- In 1882 or 1883, when he returned to Vohemar crated. Every morning he went about his village an event occurred which became decisive in his tinkling a tiny bell and he told Dr. King that his own life. The French took the town and harbor favorite text was, "While I live I will praise the of Diego Suarez and held it. When they reached Lord."

Vohemar, they treated the Christians there so By such a humble vessel did the Lord send His kindly that, when they withdrew to Diego, John Gospel to the people of the North and establish and most of his fellow Christians went with them, His church among those simple-minded Malaga- settling in a village called Namakia about ten miles sies. From his base in Namakia John proceeded from Diego. This cut them off completely from to evangelize his diocese. In September of the the fellow Christians in Tananarive and East year of the dedication of his church he went with Coast. They were so completely separated from a native harpist about sixty miles to the south and their fellow Anglicans of the coast, that a mission- soon after, at the Feast of St. Michael and All ary of their own faith told them to manage as Angels, he dedicated a church there. Thus he best they could, since they were under French went about on long journeys, preaching the Gos- rule, while the rest of the island was still true to pel wherever he found hearers, founding churches the Queen of Madagascar. How were they to and ordaining priests and deacons, using the Or- maintain their Christian faith? dination Service of the Prayer Book. His biog-

RE-THINKING MISSIONS IN 60 A. D

rapher tells us that he baptized rather too freely, chapter in Dr. King's book, who seems to have but he never administered Confirmation, although handled the situation with the utmost tact and he himself had been confirmed in his youth. wisdom. His directions met with no actual oppo- sition and were followed with a fine sense of order We cannot follow Bishop John on all his jour- on the part of the Malagasy Christians. John neys, nor can we describe his perilous adventures Tsizehena seems to have laid thorough foundations in evangelization. There is a splendid account of and to have proved himself a master workman in the man and his deeds in the fascinating account many respects. The life and work of this devoted written by Dr. King. native Christian of the North are an inspiring example of how God's Spirit uses the simplest of When the properly consecrated bishop came to men and means, that to some may savor of the organize the church thus founded it became a foolishness of the Gospel, to lead men to the savdelicate problem to do so without doing anything ing knowledge of His truth. antagonistic or derogatory to the work of the selfconstituted bishop. This forms an interesting Re~thinking Missions in 60 A.D.* By the REV. CHARLES GRANVILLE HAMILTON Rector of St. John's Church, Aberdeen, Miss.

T HE Laymen's Committee, sponsored and said to have quarreled with the original leader of the financed by the generosity of the Church of Church in an Antioch street. Yet non-Christians must form their impressions of our faith from such! Laodicea, has just released its far-reaching The final section of the report deals with the findings. All first-century minded thinkers who basic purposes of the average missionary: are not in bondage to the remote past and to lit- Today we are menaced by the possibility of barbarian eralistic conceptions of religion will find solace and invasion and servile uprisings. A lower class movement for communism is growing. And instead of resisting this strength in its stirring words. To re-think mis- revolutionary tendency, many of these missionaries teach the possession of all things in common. And two spesions is the supreme task of all who would meet cifically, Matthew and Brother James, have written docu- ments arousing class hatred and manifesting anything but the problems of today. love for the rich. An upheaval in the social structure would destroy the efficient, prosperous, and liberal benevo- The report strongly emphasizes the poor quality lence-giving Church of Laodicea, and all other churches which represent modern thought and the people to whom of personnel which so hinders progressive work: God in His infinite wisdom has given the riches of the world. The idea of sending ignorant Galilean fishermen as messengers in this intellectual age is absurd, said the report. To preserve modern society from communists, radical These men of no scholarship, scarcely literate, lacking in plebeian and agrarian demagogues requires a united front. grace of manners and person, prone to petty bickerings, We should disregard nonessentials and walk together in are totally unequipped to face the intelligentsia. love. Jews and Mithraites, Pythagoreans and Stoics-all who believe in any form of religion-must stand together Thy are very credulous peasants with no special back- against the red tide of irreligion. ground and are utterly scorned by the rich, powerful, and learned citizens and scholars through whom alone our mes- Instead of cooperation, though, we find these missionsage can be extended. aries still harping on Jesus as the Messiah, His death, His resurrection, and similar concepts which even if historical And a "convert," with all the implications thereof, who are unimportant. By insisting on His impossible ethics, calls himself by the nickname of "Paulos" is probably the when not liberally interpreted by scholars of the scientific worst of these products of undiscriminating selection. A mind set, they are doing nothing to aid the cause of unigood physical examination would have debarred him (this versal religion. is an age of mens sana in corpore sano); and so would a psychological test, as he exhibits a persecution mania, and If these Christians of this type do not join in a syncrenumerous inhibitions and complexes. A proselyte Jew is tistic movement to share with all other religions and fight naturally offensive to Jews, yet he continually preaches with them the common foe of materialism, we predict the to them. Christian movement will die out in a century.

To let a man of such physical ugliness work with such Facing the future bravely, we, on re-thinking the whole admirers of beauty as the Greeks is folly, only surpassed subject of missions, insist the Church must continue to by the sending of such a denominationally trained man support missions, but with radically changed personnel, with only Tarsus and Gamaliel education, both unaccred- program, and purpose, and keep as its goal the brotherited schools, and no degrees, to reason with Stoics and hood of all faiths and all creeds. Epicureans. And this hook-nosed Jew even undertakes to speak to Romans as though they were not the rulers, but (Signed) THE LAYMEN'S COMMITTEE. merely some of his own class and race. Tact and diplomacy seem to be absent from his personality. He is even • Reprinted from The Living Church.

~rhe Christ Works Today in the

-'~I By the REV. J. HARRY COTTON, Ph.D., D.D.

Pastor of the Broad Street Presbyterian Church, Columbus, Ohio Joseph Cook Lecturer in India, China and Japan, 1931·2 I "A God without quality is a God of whom noth- We have expected that revelation in terms of over- 1l.. ing whatever can be affirmed. He of whom whelming majesty. We were hardly prepared for nothing whatever can be affirmed is for us that highest revelation which did come: in the as good as nothing, and is of no value to our ex- life of one who for the sins of the world was will- perience." ing to die upon the Cross." When one hears such It was a quiet evening in October in a southern words from the lips of a confessed Hindu one Indian city. Two hundred students had gathered wonders how far the indirect influence of the to listen to a lecture on the Christian Gospel. In Christ has gone.

the course of the lecture emphasis was laid upon In Kolhapur, Western India, lived a Hindu pun- the personal God of the Christian faith. Contrast dit and his wife who, for twelve years had been was drawn between the God and Father of our childless. They had long prayed for a child and Lord Jesus Christ and the impersonal quality- their prayer was answered a few days before we less Absolute of Hindu theology, and the Amer- arrived. It was a critical delivery and the whole ican lecturer made the statement quoted above. Mission engaged in prayer for this non-Christian At the close of the lecture a tall and dignified family. The child came safely. The mother was Hindu arose and resented the remarks made in the Christian Hospital at Miraj, and the Hindu against the Hindu conception of God. He said, father wrote to one of our missionaries, saying: "The Christians worship a big man set up in the "If only this child will exhibit a part of the spirit heavens." Immediately three or four bright young of service that I have seen in Christian mission- Hindu students arose and protested against the aries I shall be satisfied." older man's remarks. "Many Indians," said they, It would be impossible for a human observer to "do not worship this impersonal Absolute." estimate accurately the impact of the Christian They spoke truth. All through India the faith upon the eastern world. One thinks of the younger students are turning away from the im- spread of medical science, the development of the personal to the personal conception of God. We schools and colleges, the growth of the scientific asked one of the leading thinkers of India if this attitude, the new sense of the dignity of human was a fact. He replied in the affirmative, and personality, the new champions of the poor and that Christian thought was sending its influence under-privileged, the protection of the "untouch- into the heart of Hindu thinking. abIes" in India, the new sense of unselfishness that This is an example of what we may call the in- is beginning to appear in China. In countless direct influence of the Christian Gospel. The in- ways Christ has been changing the life and fluence of the Christ in India is not limited to thought of the Orient.

those who become His professed followers. The The scope of this change is partly indicated by Gospel truth permeates every area of life. One the almost unconscious deference to the mind of wonders how many uncounted thousands of be- Christ on crucial questions. Like Gandhi himself, lievers there are who for one reason or the other many non-Christian writers condemn the West have not yet taken a public stand by severing their because it is not living up to the standards of connections with their historic faiths. Jesus Christ. Often they praise their own civiliza- One thinks of Mr. Purushottam, brilliant Pro- tion because they claim that it embodies more fessor of Philosophy in Pachappas College, a fully the spirit and teachings of Jesus. In any Hindu institution in Madras. Himself a Hindu, case what they conceive to be the mind of Christ he was called upon to preside over a meeting at becomes the standard of judgment. They are de- which the American lecturer spoke on the Cross. ferring to His teaching. All this indicates the At the close of the lecture he made this astound- growing influence of the Christ. In fact where ing observation: "For many years we in India men do not take the mind, the spirit, the judgment have been asking for a fuller revelation of God. of Christ into account, it is difficult to see how [546 ] they can claim to be his followers. Any estimate from an "untouchable" home. But for Christ he of the missionary enterprise that leaves out of ac- would have been condemned to a life-long degrada- count the vast outreach of the indirect influence tion and the collection of sewage from some In- of Jesus Christ is neither fair nor accurate. dian village.

But the indirect influence is not alone sufficient. Turn to a Christian product from the other ex- No enthusiastic believer in Jesus Christ will be treme of Indian society, a Brahmin named Chak- content until, not only indirectly but directly, the raverti. He had been a member of a Hindu mo- lives, the conscience, the desires, the mind of the nastic order and was commissioned as a Brahmin Orient come under His direct transforming and missionary to America. He wanted te prepare renewing grace. We can see the need of the di- his way by a thorough study of the Bible and so rect influence of Jesus in the story of a Hindu boy. came under the spell of the central figure of the He was a student in Madras and came one day for New Testament. At the same time he was dis- a personal interview. Said he, "I worship two satisfied with his own work and his own life. At gods: One is Narayana, my chosen Hindu deity, last he was sent to Muttra and fell in with two the other is Jesus." He explained that each morn- Methodist lady missionaries. Their Christian ing he put a bouquet of flowers before the image character impressed him. At length, after much of Narayana and the picture of Christ in the prayer, he was baptized on Christmas day. That garden of Gethsemane. Then he paused in rev- was five years ago. Today he is pastor of the erent· adoration of both his divinities, and read church in Brindaban, a strong center of Hindu- some Hindu scriptures and something from the ism. He is a man of amazing physical vigor, in New Testament. "Do you think this is all right?" his early forties, a striking personality, a clear he asked. The question was his to answer, and I mind. We traveled all day to hear his testimony asked him, "Is there anything you get in Nara- and it was worth many days' journey.

yana that you cannot find in Christ, and is there One thinks of the women and girls of the Orient.

something in Christ that you have not yet discov- We went into countless girls' schools and colleges.

ered ?" Two days later he came back with the in- We saw these girls in the Christian Sunday sistent query, "How can I know Christ in my schools. We saw the women in Christian churches heart?" I was afraid at first that he was merely from Mt. Lebanon to Madura, to Bangkok, to Can- mouthing a pious question which he had heard so ton, to Tsinan and on to Seoul, and everywhere we I asked him what he meant. In reply he unfolded saw the unforgetable light in their eyes. It was a tragic tale of moral defeat, a tale that is to be one of the distinguishing marks between the multiplied in the lives of thousands of Hindu stu- Christians and the non-Christians. If only that dents. What his urbane and academic interest in light of the eye could be captured and brought Christ had not accomplished, what his loyalty to home it would speak its all powerful appeal to the the best of Hindu deities had not achieved, was a American church.

moral transformation that could come only One thinks of the countless poor and under- through a direct experience of the indwelling privileged folk in the East; the outcast villages, Christ. It is this moral dynamic which is the and of all that Christ has meant to them. These great crying need of the Orient. poor, hopeless folk had never known joy until they These transformations are not such as can be heard the "Good News." One thinks of their chil- pointed out. They are hidden and inward. We dren enjoying education, their mothers freed from cannot say: "Lo, here!" or "Lo, there!" I am some of their suffering through Christian medi- skeptical whenever anyone comes back from the cine. One evening we saw a Christian minister Orient with tales of wholesale conversions: and his wife, who was a doctor, go into a stricken For not with swords loud clashing, Indian home where disease was working a dread Nor roll of stirring drums, result. We saw the swift yet careful ministry of But deeds of love and mercy, the doctor and heard the tender earnest prayer of The Heavenly Kingdom comes. the missionary husband as he called upon the Nevertheless we find human individuals who, by presence and the keeping power of the Eternal.

the fruitage of their lives, show what has been It seemed to us that we had seen Christ in person taking place. Here was a brilliant preacher, a coming into that humble home.

product of Harvard Graduate College with high I think of the Christian groups that we saw in honors in philosophy, professor in Wilson College India, the songs that they sang – weird Hindu in Bombay, and pastor of a large church in that melodies to the accompaniment of crude instru- city under the American Board. We heard him ments but lately carved out of the materials of the give a sermon whose words we could not under- jungle. The so·ngs had an air of the jungle and stand, but we talked with him after the service yet their central message was the message of was over. What had been the origin of that bril- righteousness and peace. I think of the Christian liant and effective Christian leader? He had come homes where women and children were no longer

creatures of desire but where the spirit and at- sturdy Christian character that there is to be mosphere of the home was Christian. One Sun- found. Were all the Christians to disappear from day evening we came to such a home in Osaka, the rest of the world I am sure that out of Korea Japan. The husband was a prominent business there would come a church that eventually would man and both father and mother were graduates reconquer the world. of American universities. The six children were all present at the supper table and at the conclu- We think of the pathos of China, and of the sion of the meal a number of the neighbors were sober, intelligent, devoted leadership that comes invited in for prayer and Bible study. They were from some of her Christians. We think of the too far from the Christian church. After some future of Christ in Japan. One day their mescomments on a passage of Scripture, there fol- sage will transform that land. We think of the lowed discussion in Japanese which I could not stupendous significance of the Orient for the world understand, but the spirit of that home I shall of tomorrow. Then we think of what Christ is never forget. doing there. We pray that His work may be multiplied until their kingdoms shall become His We think of the multitudes that thronged the very own. We see many signs of His coming churches of Korea, of the intense conviction and Kingdom and we take courage.

New German Christians By PFARRER THOM Member of the Executive Committee of the "German Christians"

THE "German Christians" have for their aim cently in a broadcast speech placed the general to unite the 28 different "Landeskirchen" in position of State, people and Church under the Germany into one German evangelical following aspects: Church, and to include the German coreligionists all over the world, attaching them to the home The traditional articles of faith in the evangelical con- Church. The German Evangelical Church Fed- fessions, the religious life, thought and feeling peculiar eration, which was concluded over Luther's grave to them, as also the institutions and formations in the inat Wittenberg by the 28 "Landeskirchen" aimed at dividual congregation and in the Church, valuable from a mediating the relations of the Landeskirchen with religious and ecclesiastical point of view, are in no way to one another and uniting the foreign congregations be hampered or infringed upon. The assimilation of Gerto the German Church people. man ways to the Church is not supposed to push aside or replace by other elements foreign to the Christian faith "German Christians" profess a positive Chris- the belief of the fathers in doctrine, public worship and tianity, in keeping with Lutheran spirit and Lu- community life, but rather to render this Christian faith theran piety. In matters of faith, they take their intelligible, elucidate it and bring it nearer to the people, stand on the confessional foundations of the evan- especially to those that have become estranged from the gelical churches, i.e., the whole Bible and the writ- Church, thus making it afresh dear and valuable to them. ings of Dr. Martin Luther's reformation. It is to furnish to the national movement the indispensable religious-ecclesiastical substructure, and make Church and The "German Christians" are anxious to put people come together anew. into prominence in their Church the reawakened German lebensgefiihl (feeling of life) and wish a The "German Christians" demand an independ- Church that shall not stand aside in the mighty ent Church, free from the State. To this end it is struggle for existence of the German people. The requisite that the Church should enjoy the full faith movement German Christians reject the sep- confidence of the State, and the State can trust a aration between things temporal and spiritual, Church only if it knows that the leaders of this not in the interest of worldly power, but for the Church are prepared to serve it enthusiastically. sake of the faith and the pure Gospel. The "German Christians" want to be prophets The state commissioner for the evangelical of God, who hear God's call to the German people Landeskirchen in Prussia, Dr. Jaeger, has re- and are following this call to evangelism with all the passion of their souls. By the REV. S. W. CLEMES, Delhi, India Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church T HE type of missionary needed on the mission -enrolled in the mission class. Here vital contacts fields as given by the Laymen's Commission, and enduring friendships were made. centres around these characteristics: Self- The pastors are key men in knowing personali- sacrificing spirit, utter devotion, moral courage, ties and I bear witness to their sympathy, coopera- high intelligence, love of adventure, love of peo- tion, and willingness to give one all the oppor- ple, willingness to serve rather than command, tunities available.

evenness of disposition, sense of humor, serenity Many of the young people seriously considering and patience. Personally, we do not wish to the field abroad as their lifework have different quarrel with this list. It exemplifies a' perfect, motives from those of a former generation. Some human equipment. are moved by an interracial urge. They want to Would that we had more men with power in come out to get as well as to give. Their contacts prayer to change situations like "Praying Hyde!" with peoples of other nations have given them a Men with the ability to win others to Christ like love for foreign people. Moreover they have E. Stanley Jones; men with the creative literary strong feelings regarding war-that the best way ability of E. L. King; men and women with the to foster brotherhood, international understand- educational genius of the Harpers of Moga and ing and goodwill is through missionary service.

the versatility of Albert Schweitzer. Perhaps it Nor is the element of the lure of high adventure is too much to expect of a single missionary to lacking in these young people. It would be strange exemplify all these characteristics. I could men- if it were when we consider that their companions tion some whose names are not so well known, take to the air with wings and fly across rugged but whose lives bring to birth new creatures in mountains and lovely valleys and wide, open Christ Jesus, whose daily practice shows that they plains. In attempting to find candidates we must have enduement from on high – experts in the take into consideration these urges.

knowledge of God, experts in heart culture, and The time has come when appeals for mission- experts in tact and in wisdom. aries to some fields ought to have the endorsement "There came a man sent from God whose name of Nationals. When I was at home I was greatly was John." There came a missionary sent from stirred by letters written by my Indian brethren God whose name was. . . . .. What matters most urging me to hasten back to India. I met a mis- is that God sends Him. In this man's heart is the sionary doctor on his way back to China who told imperative, "I must be about my Father's busi- me that he was going principally because of the ness." In raising this question, how to find the request that came from the Nationals of that coun- type of missionaries needed, we need to remember try. It will carry far more weight with candi- that Jesus found his Peter and James and John dates contemplating the foreign field if they knew and Matthew by making contacts with them. that the positions open for their services are When home during my last furlough I had the places recommended by the national church. They privilege of making many contacts with the youth will come feeling that they are really wanted by of our high schools and grammar schools. If we those whom they are to serve.

are ever going to get the type of missionaries It is taken for granted that each mission board needed we shall have to begin early. I found the has a candidate secretary who is accessible to all students keen and greatly interested in India, her contemplating the foreign field. Nationals would habits, customs, and her great men. Our colleges do well to make their wants known through him also offer an opportunity for making the most of as he has direct contacts with all possible can- our stay at home. The Epworth Leagues and didates.

Christian Endeavor Institutes are large in num- The son of a preacher in Kansas, from the time bers and draw to themselves the finest in the land. he was in grade school, said that he wanted to be Out of an institute of about 400 nearly 90 were a medical missionary; and he stuck to it through high school, college and university. When he had pri•ntCeodndinenTsehde Ifnrodmian·a Wpiatnpeesrs. read at the Landour Conference and gone through college and medical school with high [549 ] scholarship honors and the Gold Key, he offered as natural abilities, culture, capacity, outlook, tact and himself to our church for medical missionary serv- training. To this we agree; but, realizing that there is a ice, and they told him they could not send him for spiritual and a supernatural aspect to the work. We lack of funds. would insist that there are certain qualifications essential which do not come under any such list. The assurance of The uncertainty of income, the recall of mis- a divine call, the conviction of a God-given duty, the possionaries, the increased number detained at home, session of a divinely-certified message that is for the glory and compelled, if they want to return at all, to of God and the welfare of men, the aid of an empowering raise their own passage money and perhaps their Holy Spirit, with an inward illumination that minimizes own salary is making it increasingly difficult to human error …… are moral qualifications and spiritual secure the proper kind of men and women. Never- helps that under the humanistic theology of the Appraisers theless the young people are there. There is no would largely disappear. magic formula for finding the type needed. Jesus found Philip because he deliberately went after We frankly doubt whether the humanistic call would him. In seminary, in college, in church and in secure workers, and if it did we further doubt whether professions we will find that man and woman who the human qualifications they might possess would enable will best fit in with the life here. Missionaries, in them to persist in the disheartening and difficult service conversation and consultation with others, can be they would have to face. . . . .. One of our missionaries potential factors in determining whether the man writes: "For myself, if I had all the gift of leadership or woman is desirable. and the best specialized training that is recommended for the missionary personnel, I could not go to the foreign I once asked Mahatma Gandhi what Christian- field with no more of challenge than this. If there is any ity could contribute to the religions of India. He challenge to the Report it is a call back to America, there replied that it was like digging an artesian well. to preach the Gospel to our people who se€m to be losing One had to dig deep into the soil to get the right their grip on the very heart of the Christian message. kind of water. "If you missionaries," he said, "will dig deep into the heart of India through the Regarding the truth of the conditions at home well of sympathy you will find that India will re- let me quote from a pastor of our church in spond." It can be done. It has been done. It America: must be done. One cannot think about and pray about our foreign mis- I heard a brother missionary telling of a revival sionary work without being compelled to face the situation in his boys' school. Out of that experience had at home. 0, how we need a spiritual awakening in all the come a great change in his own inner life. In churches! Our American Protestant churches are taking analyzing his own self he stated four things that in thousands of people who know absolutely nothing of a be believed necessary to bring one to the place of life of prayer and fellowship with God, who are appallpower. There must be an overwhelming desire ingly ignorant of the Bible and its meaning and message for it; second, every known sin must be given up, for our day; whose homes are prayerless, graceless, Godeven the little ones that so easily upset one; third, less; whose philosophy of life and outlook upon life and there must be absolute surrender of the whole life reaction to life are just as pagan as that of the men who to God; and fourth, which perhaps impressed me never darken the door of a church. more than all the rest, there must be much time spent with God. I know something of the habits To summarize: of that missionary and know that he is an early riser and that he spends much time in communion First: Accept the description given by the Comwith God. I am convinced in my own life that he mission and add spiritual qualifications. is right. If ever I am to be that type of missionary needed not merely by a board or a commis- Second: Make contacts with young people beginsion, but by Christ, I must spend much time in ning even as early as the grammar school prayer, much time in thought with God. grades.

Let me quote from a booklet recently prepared Third: Nationals through publications should exby representatives of the Methodist Episcopal press their desires in regard to missionaries. Church in Southern Asia on a Study of "Re-thinking Missions" : Fourth: Missionaries on the field might come nearer the type needed by: The Commission holds that in the selection of the candi· date for the field, emphasis must be placed on such things a. Sharing material advantages with Na- tionals.

b. Sharing spiritual experiences with Na- tionals.

c. Allocating men to the work for which they are fitted.

d. Rededicating ourselves in a new way to God.

THE MEASURE OF A CHRISTIAN Our interest in missions is a mark of our Christian character; our knowledge of mISSIOns is the measure of our Christian attainment; our participation in missions is the measure of our Chris- tian efficiency. HENRY C. MABIE. Effective Ways of Working fI crested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO A SCHOOL OF MISSIONS ica. Then a missionary at home stay in Africa and we hurried FOR JUNIORS on furlough from Japan took us aboard our Friendship and By MRS. H. M. JACOBS, Rocky on an imaginary world trip. We sailed for India. River, Ohio packed our baggage and went on There we met another of our The first morning of our Junior Missionary Conference at board the good boat "Friend- own missionaries and went to Lakeside last summer we organized a "Follow the Leader" club ship," assuming to start on our her school. Here we played such as we prepared to present the study book of that name. We tour from Lakeside, where an a fine native game called "Ko." donned arm bands of blue cardboard bearing the initials F. L. American flag was flying (from Two rows of children, seven in in silver, blue and silver being our colors for King's Heralds- a center table). A long clothes a row, squat opposite each other, the Methodist junior organization. We made fish and fan and line was tied from one place or three facing each way. Seven in kite invitations and distributed them to children on the grounds chair to another, and we recog- the second row run, one chasing. inviting them to attend our club meetings. nized the country we were ap- The others may dodge in and Each morning began with a proaching by the foreign flag out, but the chaser must run devotional period directed by different conference and district which was waving a welcome. around the ones squatting. Howofficers, the general topic being, "God's Way of Working and Liv- As we traveled, we learned dif- ever, the chaser may tap one of ing Together." We were thinking of Jesus as a friend to all of ferences in dress, customs, lan- the squatters, yelling "Ko!" and us and trying to learn the meaning of friendship at work, at guage, etc., but found that all take the latter's place. The new home and at play, also trying to become a friend to all the other children laughed, played, sang chaser follows the same plan and children of the world. We sang, "Tell Them the Stories of Jesus" and worked in much the same the game continues until all are instead of "Me," and prayed this prayer: way. caught. We were presently so Our Father in heaven, we thank When we reached Algiers, Af- breathless that we were glad to Thee that Thou dost help us to find rica, we were welcomed by one sit down and look at curios. Rathe best and the happiest way to live. of our own missionaries who is jas told us of her life and how We would try to live like Jesus, for supported by these juniors of the hard it was to earn her bread. He lived a perfect life that brought Cincinnati Branch. She told us (Chapter 5 in study book.) We joy and strength to those about Him the story of Philip and his won- thought it fun to exchange clothand to thousands of people ever since. derful trip to see Jesus 2,000 ing and dressed up in each oth- Help us to share gladly and to work years ago, and in imagination we er's attire. and play together happily throughout went up the hillside not far from Then we went to Korea. We the summer. In Jesus' name we pray, Cyrene and saw His old home. did not stay at Seoul but went to Amen. We met Ferhan and some of her a far distant village where we school friends. She had lost her found one of our own mission- The first morning Takae Ta- parents in the plague and needed aries and the native people who gawa San and Yoko Matsuoka a home and was so happy in our love her so dearly. We did not San, of Japan, visited our school mission school. (Chapters 1 and like the way they cooked their and told us of their experiences 2 in study book, Follow the Lead- rice with hot pepper and a sticky at home, in school and in Amer- er.) We joined hands and sang gravy, but thought our way of serving rice was so much better. to the tune of "Juanita": But we enjoyed their fragrant Now through· the jungle where the tea and dainty rice cakes. forest children roam, Sounds the joyful drum beat saying, Passing on, we stopped at Mexico where one of our mis- "Help has come."

Health and hope are promised, abun- sionaries is caring for the kin- dant life is free to all; dergarten children and training They have heard and answered–an- lovely Mexican girls to carryon swered our call. Africa, 0 Africa, we would praise His her work. Some of the children name with thee. . still had the toys and books we Africa, glad Africa, we give thanks with thee. had sent in the "friendly bags" a few years ago. We especially A farewell party with ex- liked their carving and brought change of small gifts ended our home a manger scene skilfully [ 551 ] MISSIO~ARY SPEAKERS IN COSTU:.IE AT LAKESIDE CO~FERENCE carved out of wood. (Chapter its church, a town hall, commu- in any group of the church or as VIII, study book.) nity house, hospital, school, play- an evening service that will draw even better than the pas- When we rounded up at Lake- grounds, happy homes, parks, tor's missionary sermon. The sketches may be arranged by any side again, we placed the Chris- markets, etc. As we pay our clever writer in the congregatian flag higher than all the oth- dues and bring in the mite boxes tion. The following directions and sample sketch (abridged er flags and sang and prayed with .our thankofferings in them, and adapted) will serve as a pace-setter. Miss Mary Brown, together that God's love would we will place the different build- director of religious dramatics dwell in the hearts of all the lit- ings in this village. And so the in the Downey Ave. Christian Church of Indianapolis, found tle children of the world. Not King's Heralds will "Grow and them so successful in creating a demand for the study and readmerely in these school group ac- Glow and Go"-which is our ing books and making their sub- ject matter real and vital. tivities but in our recreation we motto for the year ahead. "We of the missionary groups kept the missionary motive up- earnestly desire our members to read; but it is often difficult to permost, having supper on the CREATING AN APPETITE get a person to read what he or shore and holding a consecration she knows nothing about. The service, making lotus blossoms FOR THE STUDY BOOKS purpose of the sketches is not entertainment but the creation out of our paper napkins and We are familiar with the lure of interest that will lead to the reading of the book. Therefore setting them afloat on Lake Erie of the food demonstrator who laden with good wishes and love proffers a tiny taste of the appe- for Japan, etc. tizing viand and thus creates an We decided that in our own. irresistible demand for more.

King's Heralds meetings during This principle is admirably "sub- the winter we would help build limated" by presenting brief a Friendship V i II age. We dramatized sketches from mis- thought of all the things needed sionary reading and study books to build a successful village- in order to introduce them into first, a Christian. flag to fly over circulation, and it may be used

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

we would not advise the presen- Boy-Yes, white man; my mother imaginary variety used by the had a child last night and I want you Woman's Society in the First tation of the sketch unless you to excuse me from work today. I am Baptist Church of Topeka, Kanhave a copy of the book which sas-a movie at each meeting. going to get her some firewood. you will make available to the Missionary-What! Have you a group for reading. new brother or a new sister? This is a game or any diver- "Regarding costumes and Boy-Sister. sion tending to make the mem- Miss'ionary-All right; you may go. bers move about and get better characters: One of the most ef- acquainted. At the November fective presentations of these How are your mother and sister? Boy-They live.

sketches was given with women Missionary goes on thinking and meeting the P's and Q's handed dressed in their ordinary clothes presently is interrupted by the entaking the parts, with the merest to each person entering the room trance of a man. a small cardboard lantern with a hint of costume to designate the Man–White man, may I be ex- letter on it-S, E or W. These cused from work today as my wife part. A folded handkerchief has borne a daughter and I must go represented the work in South made a nurse's cap: a felt hat to get some firewood and food? and a man's handkerchief to mop Mlissionary-All right, Bondoko, China, East China and West the perplexed brow character- you may go. Is Boyengo your son? China, which was the theme of Man-No, white man; the child the program. When the "movie" ized "Mr. Smith": a cane and a that was born in my house last night was announced, the W's went to feeble tone portrayed "grand- was my first born. Missionary goes on thinking and the west side of the room, the mother." One could have costum- E's to the east side and the S's ing. One could have men and presently a small boy comes up. Bo'koji-White man, may I be ex- to the South. At a given signal boys and children to take the cused fr.om work today? My child they formed a triangle, spelling parts. If it is to be given before has borne a girl child and I want to the church, let the characters be the word S-E-W. Then using worked out with men and chil- go and get firewood. these initial letters they recited dren. If it is a group of young Missionary-Why, what's this? the characteristics of the mis- sionaries-Sincere, Ear n est people, let them work out their Your child has a daughter and you own characters. And as for staging, none is necessary. Use are not old enough to have a wife. the imagination. Dim lighting with the actors entering and tak- Is Bondoko your father? Workers, etc. ing their places in the dark is Bokoji-No, white man, Bondoko is quite as effective for the purpose The P's and Q's have many of this type of dramatization as no relative of mine. and varied duties. They keep a more elaborate preparation. One Missionary-Is Boyengo your broth- record of those present at the group staged an African scene in study class, the Quiet Hour and er? the program and report before shadow pictures behind a screen." Bokoji-No, white man; Hoyengo the close of the session. They provide a pianist, distribute comes from the same village that I do, books look after the souvenirs, table 'displays, costuming, and but he does not belong to my family. arrange for the comfort of those Missionary-What is the name of the person whom you call your child and who has a new daughter?

Bokoji-Bolumbu. Missionary-And what is the name of Boyengo's mother?

The Call of the Congo Bokoji-Bolumbu. present.

Missionary-Then how many chil- The following sketch is se- dren were there born last night? A Plan for the Elderly Folk Three? lected from a number by Miss Women of the congregation of Bokoji_We know of but one new the First Baptist church of Mo- Brown because it may fit in with the use of God's Candlelights, baby in town, white man. Missionary-Tell me; is the mother which is a study book for the of Boyengo, Bolumbu? Bolumbu is the line, Illinois, who were 70 years current year: wife of Bondoko and likewise Bolumbu old or over were special guests is the child of Bokoji, and yet these "The one introducing the people profess not to know one an- of the missionary society at a sketch reads an introductory other. What are you trying to put meeting whose topic was, "Faith paragraph explaining that the over on me? of Our Mothers." Devotionals, Bokoji – That is easily explained. prayer for "mothers of the past, humorous scene chosen is illus- present and future" and speci~l trative of the difficulties a mis- We don't have the same relationships sionary encounters in trying to unravel the relationship of cer- you do. All aunts are called mother, tain natives in the village. Mr. Smith is trying to concentrate and all uncles are called father. Now music all focussed on the mam on his work when he is inter- theme. The meeting marking rupted by a native boy, a man Bolumbu was the aunt of Boyengo, and a small boy. The curtain and she was the wife of Bondoko and the 60th anniversary of the goes up or the lights come on or founding of the Woman's Amer- Mr. Smith simply enters and the baby is their first-born. The faseats himself at his desk or ther of Bolumbu and my father were table. He sits in a brown study when a school boy steps up and related but my father is dead; so I ican Baptist Foreign Mission.So- take his rank and therefore I called starts the dialogue. pcaiegtey~nsti,x members took part III a Bolumbu "child" because I have my each represen!ing .a father's rank. Is that all clear? decade of work, and attired III Missionary sighs and goes on think- ing! the several period costumes, de- MISSIONARY MOVIES scribing the work accomplished ,in the time. Following this, each Boy-White man, are you awake? The real kind are among the elderly guest was presented with Missionary-Yes, Boyengo! Are best of our promotional materi- a gaily costumed doll represent- ing some period in the 60 years' you awake? als. But "The Open Forum of work. Methods" in Missions tells of an I BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~~~~~~~~~~~==~~==~~====-I~ I had fainted unless I had be- ALBRECHT DURER'S "PRAYING HANDS" lage. The worst storm of the lieved year in Honolulu depleted but a company of over 1,500 in Py- did not stop the meeting-which To see the goodness of the Lord engyang, Chosen, to ravaged and means much to those who know In the land of the living. famishing Puerto Rico, where what a Honolulu storm can do! Wait for the Lord; "we were about forty-and One, -and elsewhere in the islands Be strong and let thy heart take the One who makes any gather- were held eight different serv- ing, however small, a rich ex- ices, all interdenominational and courage; perience." interracial. At the meeting in Yea, wait thou for the Lord Salonika, the leaders were one Turning the Pages of an Atlas. American, one Greek, and one -Ps. 27: 13-14. This harmony in diversity is Armenian. The audience in- one of the most impressive fea- Let my prayer be set forth as in- tures in the constantly increas- cluded women of about a dozen cense before Thee; ing observance of the World Day nationalities. Four languages, of Prayer on the first Friday in English, Armenian, Greek, and The lifting up of my hands as Lent. New Zealand, Australia, Turkish were used during the the evening sacrifice. the Philippines, Hawaii, India, hour. Even more polyglot was Syria, Ceylon, South and West the gathering at Sofia, Bulgaria. -Ps. 141: 2. Africa, Japan, China, Greece, They added to their program the South America, Germany, Den- Master's gracious and familiar UNITED IN PRAYER mark, the Balkans-one could invitation: "Come unto me, all more readily indicate the scope ye that labor and are heavy laden By AMELIA JOSEPHINE BURR of this day of sisterhood simply and I will give you rest," in four- by turning the pages of an atlas. teen different European lan- ELMORE It brought a fresh impetus to the tired workers for world guages. A beautiful old poem describes peace at Geneva. At 'Ndabeni the angel Sandalphon hovering in South Africa, native women There is a touching similarity above the earth, gathering in his literally hailed the day, for at arms the prayers that rise from dawn they were singing their in many of the reports. "In the human hearts. At his touch they call to prayer through the vil- group were grandmothers who turn into flowers which he lays at his Lord's feet. One may pic- [ 554 ] have known many years of toil ture Sandalphon, on the third and heartache, and mothers who of last March, loaded with every have worked hard and have sacflower known to earth, for never, rificed to give their children surely, have the remote corners 'book larnin' and other advanof our world joined with its pop- tages which they never had. All ulous centers in so unanimous denominationalism was forgotan upreach of prayer. From ten and together we asked God's Valparaiso comes the word, "For blessing upon our own American the second time the women of and other nations, and reconse- Chile have held a World Day of crated our lives to a closer walk Prayer Service. Last year it was with our Master. Some of the something new suggested by the women had walked two miles missionaries; this year it was over rough roads to attend the something they all knew about meeting; others had gotten up and wanted." The report from our own State of Montana says: at four o'clock and had worked "There are men and women on hard all morning, but as we left their knees today by the hundred. the 'church they said, 'This has thousand who are meek for the been the finest meeting we ever first time in their lives." The had, and cannot we meet more gatherings were as diverse in often for an hour of prayer?' numbers and in members as they We all felt that although shut in were in location, but marked by by our hills we were joined in a divine harmony of spirit, from heart to thousands of women, all

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

praying that America and the women may be free, as we are; ternational leader, "is the Doll world may be won and kept for for we used to be in bondage Festival. The dolls displayed in Christ." Those hills were in too, but the Lord Jesus has set almost every home in Japan to- Kentucky-but we feel a strong us free.' day represent a custom which bond between those strong- "It will not be long before all came from China, and has in it hearted hill-women and others the babies will join those of Af- originally the meaning of sacriwhose mountain homes are in rica at the meeting, at the in- fice for sin. Japan cannot be another hemisphere. A mission- creasing rate of interest shown saved by the sacrifice of dolls ary in Shantung writes, "They in the Day by Youth. A Chil- nor of sheep, but by God alone. met at our house and have just dren's Service was held this year Those who really love Japan left. There were about thirty- at Bennington, Vermont, and at must be the first to indict her five present including two old Cape Town, South Africa, there militarism and call her to return men and three small boys. Of was a special evening meeting to righteousness. We have talked the number, six walked in seven for young women at which too much of mere national momiles to attend, and are now on prayers in three languages were rality; we must press forward their seven mile walk home, with offered. In the United States, into religion and attain to the a hazy sunshine and chilly the Y. W. C. A. observed the day salvation of Jesus Christ. It is, breeze"-not in their spirits, we from Texas to North Dakota, to be sure, not only Japan that know. Whatever the outward and the Canadian program bore is in the wrong now. All naweather may have been, surely on its cover a thought to quicken tions have sinned to bring about those faithful ones bore home- and inspire the imagination of this present situation. But we ward with them clear shining youth. ~'Girls of all nations join must not think of the sins of and a glow of heart. other nations but repent of our From West Africa comes the in the observance of this World own sin first. We must get our Day of Prayer. While we in following letter, "It is no won- Canada are yet sleeping, the day national nature transformed, der that the work in Africa is so changed by God. We must refruitful, for African women do will have dawned in Oriental countries. The girls of Japan pent and be born again.

pray! The service was to begin will lead in this circle of prayer This confession might be at 9: 30, but the women began to round the world." made, this prayer offered, not gather at 8 o'clock. One group started out from their town Prayer for the Nations. In only by a Japanese, but by the about two miles away, singing the Christian Women's Federa- citizens of almost any country in hymns, and other women joined tion of Tokyo, prayer kindled this troubled world. May each them on the road. They came action. They cabled to Shanghai, return of the World Day of from all directions, and when "We, the Tokyo Christian Wom- Prayer bring nearer the realizathe meeting began there were en's Federation, are today unit- tion of God's Kingdom on earth, three hundred and sixty-five ing in prayer for love, peace and women present, to join in sing- and the fulfillment of His will in ing the Doxology. We had silent goodwill between our countries," each individual life! prayer for a few moments, and and moreover, they took a subhow reverent they were-it stantial and practical step to- The annual observance of the seemed even the babies tried to ward that peace and goodwill by World Day of Prayer for 1934 be quiet! Then Kabiyen spoke will be February sixteenth. ()f the need of church leaders for a memorandum to the Premier prayer, especially mentioning asking him to make a special By agreement of the three national 'our friends who send us the mis- effort to stand by the principle cooperating organizations, promoting sionaries.' of interdependence and coopera- the observance, the interdenomina- tional enterprises chosen for the of- India tion, and also by a delegation to ferings given on the World Day of protest against the radio broad- Prayer are Christian Literature for "After a talk on India, one of casting of war news every eve- Women and Children in Mission the women prayed 'that those ning. "Today," said Miss Michi Lands, Christian Service among Mi- Kawai, principal of a school of grants, Women's Union Christian Col- her own and a national and in- leges in Foreign Fields, and Religious Work Directors in United States In- dian Schools.

Our Father, mlffJl we recognize all oys and girls, no matter what the color of thei~' slcins, as Thy children; and may we treat them as our brothers and sisters. Amen.

!, OUf W Outlook ~~~~~~~==~==~==~~==i~

orld~wide j; ~i A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events i~'

NORTH AMERICA women in church work, to have is reported in the Catholic popu- Religion Among Students house to house visitation, and to lation in the United States, a conduct some form of worship gain of less than one-fifth of one Here are some discoveries on Sunday but not to deliver a per cent. For the entire United made by Prof. Philip Parsons of sermon.-Presbyterian Banner. States the directory lists 12,537 the University of Oregon, in his churches with resident priests survey of religious conditions in A Telling Temperance Lecture and 5,723 missions. The clergy twelve state universities west of totals 29,782, which includes sixthe Rocky Mountains: Wilfred W. Fry, president of teen archbishops and cardinals, the great advertising agency, N. 102 bishops, 21,016 secular Ninety-one per cent of students W. Ayer & Son, in a statement come from homes where one or both of his firm's policy, delivered a priests and 8,766 priests of reliparents are members of the church, broadside against the liquor gious orders. There are 7,462 while only 40 per cent of the general business, by canceling a contract parochial schools enrolling 2,- population are church members; 67 of ten years' standing for adver- 170,102 pupils and 1,998 instituper cent of the students attended tising Canada Dry Ginger Ale, tions for higher education enrollchurch at least monthly in their Inc., because the company is to ing 179,345 students.-Missions. youth; 81 per cent went to Sunday school either weekly or occasionally; sell whisky and beer after repeal. In Many Tongues Mr. Fry, who is also an officer of 60 per cent still consider themselves The Met hod i s t Episcopal members of the church. During college years there is a drop of only five the International Committee of per cent in church membership; 42 the Y. M. C. A. and President of Church supports six mission per cent of the students attend church the Trustees of the Northfield enterprises among immigrants at least monthly, while an additional Schools, says that the return of 35 per cent have occasional church liquor will divert purchasing in the United States; the Hacontacts while in college; only 18 per waiian, Latin-American, Puerto cent go to Sunday school with fair power from essential commodi- Rican, Pacific Chinese, Pacific regularity; 24 per cent are members of some religious organization, 14 per ties; that its contribution to fed- Japanese and the Bi-lingual. cent of whom are not church mem- eral and local treasuries will be These six missions are working bers; 90 per cent of all students be- made at the expense of the class among seventeen racial groups.

lieve in God; 60 per cent-and not all that can least afford it; and that They have 235 pastoral charges, of these are church members-"consider themselves religious." "the liquor business has not with 20,000 members and 36,000 changed and will be run by the Sunday-school pupils. The Bi- -Herald of Gospel Liberty. same old crowd in the same old linqual Mission consists of sixty- way." four churches, missions and de- Service for Vacant Churches To handle the advertising of a partments within six areas, seventeen con fer e n c e sand A plan is being tried out in . liquor-selling firm would put the thirty-three districts. The mis- Iowa and Illinois whereby some N. W. Ayer agency "in the posi- sion has fifty-eight pastors. tion of making alcohol attractive Forty are Italian, three are of the mission churches unable to the youth of this country," Portuguese, three Slovak, two to provide salary for a full time Chinese, two Lithuanian, two minister may have religious which would be "for us an im- Spanish-speaking, and one Ar- possible situation." Further- menian, one Japanese, one service from trained leaders, as more, N. W. Ayer & Son does Korean, one Polish, one Russian a substitute until a minister can not care to force upon other cli- and one Syrian. Accessions for be engaged. As soon as the the past year number 878. Sunchurch is able to call a pastor, ents any connection with the day schools have an enrolment of the worker is transferred to an- liquor business, or to have it 6,377. -Christian Advocate. forced upon themselves. This is other needy field. Dr. Robert a plain forceful statement by a Better Negro Ministers Lee Sawyer, President of Presbyterian College of Christian business man who holds definite Very little has been done to- Education, Chicago, is the orig- convictions.

inator of the plan, and is encour- Slight R. C. Gains aging young women graduates to undertake this missionary serv- According to the "Roman ward providing an educated ice. The purpose is to upbuild Catholic Directory for 1933," as ministry for Negro churches. the Sunday school and young summarized in The New York Gammon Theological Seminary peoples' work, to encourage the Sun, an increase of only 32,012 at Atlanta, the only Negro the- [556 ] ological school with even moder- supper with the Indians, also a The meetings were full of power.

ate equipment and resources, has covered dish luncheon. Steps The conference was directed by an Indian pastor. The missionaries gave not added five thousand dollars were taken to stock the reserva- messages and offered a few minor sugto its endowment in the last thir- tion creek with fish, and to en- gestions here and there, but all in all ty years. During this time great courage the building of a small it was an Indian conference, called, advances have occurred in all recreation hut. Assistance was directed and financed by Indians. other fields of education. The given with clothes and a real -So S. Times.

multiplication and improvement friendship established with the Bibles for Devil's Island of schools for Negroes has pro- Indian women. -Congregationalist. duced an increasing number of The Salvation Army has been educated Negroes, and the Negro LATIN AMERICA given permission by the French church cannot function properly Government to inaugurate Gos- unless its leaders are on an edu- One Missionary Journey pel work among the prisoners on cational level with its intelligent Devil's Island, the convict settle~ members. In the State of Chiapas, Mexi- ment off the coast of French co, which has an area of 22,000 Guiana. The National Bible So- Indian Schools square miles and a population of ciety of Scotland has at the 450,000, Senor Jose Coffin, of the Army's request, dispatched to Partly due to the administra- Reformed Church Mission, is the them 500 New Testaments and tion's economy plan, federal day only ordained Protestant minis- 3,000 Gospels. schools are to be substituted for ter. All ministers must be nasome of the Indian boarding tives, according to Mexican law. -Alliance Weekly. schools. This decision was The following is an account of reached after a careful review of one of his recent missionary Christian School in the Andes the situation by the Office of In- journeys: dian Affairs. While most primary and sec- Last year we took a three months' ondary schools in the United Between 4,000 and 5,000 of the horseback journey, givmg emphasis to States draw their students from 22,000 Indian children formerly our rural work. J: took a diagonal line the immediate neighborhood, it attending fed era I boarding across the entire state from the south- is interesting to note that the schools now attend local day east to the northwest corner, visltmg schools or public schools. Funds also the cities of the central mountain American Institute, Methodist will be set aside not only for the region. I visited all of the districts School of La Paz, Bolivia, draws payment of tuition but for health under the jurisdiction of the several students from all parts of the rework, social work and commu- Consistories and established thirteen public, even some from Peru and nity development. new missionary stations. Three new Chile. The present enrolment is chapels were dedicated. Our emphasis 562 and includes boys and girls Indian, boys who are advanced always is on personal work and our of pure Indian blood. Tuition conviction is that this form of work in age will be offered an opportunity to enter the special Indian will continue to give far-reaching re- cost varies from about three dolreforestation camps. As a fur- sults. lars for kindergarten to five dolther departure from segregated lars for high school. With these institutional care of Indians, I received sixty-three people on con- fees it is possible to pay about more and more opportunities fession of faith, baptized ninety-two 95 per cent of the total running will be given them for vocation- children, married twenty-seven couples expenses of the institution, inal, as well as higher, education (previously married according to civil cluding the salaries of twelve in established state and local in- law) and made ten hundred and thir- missionaries and twenty-six Bostitutions.-The Living Church. tY-SIX pastoral calls. livian teachers. Only about 5 per cent of the annual budget is paid Helping Indian Neighbors -Christian Intelligencer. by the Board of Foreign Mis- sions.-Christian Advocate. The women of the, Good Will Indians at a Bible Conference Congregational Church of Syra- EUROPE cuse, N. Y., were not content At the request of Indian with merely studying about In- Christians a Bible Conference Laymen's Report dians in a book; they turned was recently held in Guatemala, Mr. N. B. Cox writes: This report is coming in for a At 4: 45 a. m. believers from Atitlan had two large dug-out canoes waiting on the shore and soon fifteen of us got into one and seventeen in the other.

their attention to neighboring For three and a half hours they pad- great deal of discussion, much of dled across the lake. On the other side Onondagas whose reservation is believers from several other towns it adverse, in the missionary peonly a few miles south of Syra- riodicals of Europe. Prof. Lar- were awaiting and took us to a house cuse and discovered that all their that had been cleaned and made ready sen of Copenhagen reviews it land, except that lying along a for our sleeping quarters. Another fully in the Nordisk Missions- was to serve as our dining room and creek, is worthless for farming. near by they had built a shelter of Tidskri/t. The Dansk Missions- Consequently they have no live- branches where some twenty women blad gives a translation of Dr.

stock and can raise only a little were grinding the corn and preparing – Robert Speer's evaluation. Ger- food. In the past they have de- meals. The believers had secured a man Protestant periodicals have large house that made an excellent pended upon finding outside chapel, and the five daily meetings given it much attention and latework which is now very scarce. were attended by all the believers and ly the German Roman Catholic These women shared a church many unbelievers. monthly Katholische Missionen

publishes the following which is Supporters of missions in the Missions ,to Jews in Hungary so characteristic, that it will German Evangelical Churches Mr. Forgacs, the Hungarian bear quoting. Alfons Vaeth, S.J., are concerned about the future member of the International under the title, "A criticism of of the work. What place will be Committee on the Christian Ap- American Protestant Missions" assigned to the 25 or 30 mission- proach to the Jews, sends the sums up his appraisal as fol- ary societies under the recon- following notes concerning a conference recently held in Hunlows: struction scheme? Will the gary. Nordic or Aryan families draw These laymen have in view a fu- themselves aside in proud exclu- A group of the leaders of the Hunturistic Christianity without Christ's garian Reformed Church, including cross and resurrection, without the siveness? several distinguished laymen, met in Holy Ghost and His grace, without A well-known Director of Mis- conference in Balatonkenese, and church and sacraments. Rather, it is among other topics, discussed the Jewno Christianity, but a belief in a non- sions, Herr S. Knak, attempts to ish problem. The conclusions arrived descript divine being and a "religion" answer such questions in the Das at may be summed up briefly thus: of universal humanity. Many mission Evangelische Deutschland. He societies, especially those of the con- 1. We, the disciples of Jesus Christ, tinent of Europe, will reject this re- admits that many people are for are pledged to proclaim the Gospel to port with determination; but the ma- the moment little concerned with all men following the Apostolic order: jority of Americans will find it to the world beyond the limits of "to the Jew first." their liking. In this way their mis- Germany. Some prophesy that sions will become still more degraded the work of missions will be seri- 2. We disapprove of Jews entering than before, into a social, educational ously hindered, if it does not end the Christian Church for any political and philanthropic reform movement, altogether, amid the changing or material motive, believing as we do with the utmost possible favoring of spiritual movements in Church that a radical change of heart is the the mortal foe of true religion, syn- primary condition of membership in cretism. For us Catholics the most and nation. Thousands of earn- the Christian Church. This radical incredible thing about it is, that lay- est men and women are deter- change, we believe, is the work of the men feel themselves called upon to sit mined, however, that the life- Holy Spirit through the Gospel, showin jUdgment on their churches and giving stream of missionary ing itself in the life and character of that the mission boards consider this those who accept the grace of God in quite a matter of course. endeavor shall continue to re- truth, and thus become good Chris- tians and useful members of the Christian German Jews fresh the fields which would oth- Church of Christ. erwise be barren. They fear lest, 3. The Christian Church must The Jewish Daily Bulletin re- "the nature of the Church itself ports 25,000 Jews converted to should be narrowed, impover- steadily oppose flagrant forms of sin among all men and especially such sins as are peculiar to racial character Christianity in Prussia alone ished, crippled and hopelessly whether Jew or Gentile, e. g., obscene publications and literature which has during the past 25 years. This secularized. A Church which such devastating effects on morality, only expressed what was be- and in which the Jew is not less does not take account of Jews lieved, felt, desired and regarded guilty than the Gentile. . who went over to Catholicism, or of Jews who accepted the Chris- as correct by the nation or its 4. In receiving the Jew into its midst the Christian Church as such, tian faith in sections of Germany leaders, would no longer be a and its members in particular, must outside of Prussia. Church of Christ. The Church take responsibility for the new broth- From the same source it was can only serve if it draws the er, and are obliged to the utmost of reported on June 27th that "The sources and the impulse for its their ability to help him in his Chris- Protestant Church of Germany, action from the Word and will tian development.

under its new Nazi leadership, of God." Christian Youth in Russia will study the question raised as The Berlin Missionary Society to the position of the baptized has passed a resolution at its In spite of all interdiction, Jews in relation to the general spring conference welcoming the groups of young people in Soviet discriminatory laws against the prospective union, and appeal- Russia meet in the name of Jews. Hitherto conversion has ing for a clear declaration in fa- Christ to strengthen Christiannot exempted Germans of Jew- vor of a vigorous foreign mis- ity among youth, and have reish descent from the laws." sion policy on the part of the ceived the name "Christomol,"

Vexing Questions in Germany new State Church. in contrast to the name "Komso- Baptist Advance in Italy mol" which means "Union of Prof. Karl Barth, theologian, One thousand, three hundred Communist Youth." The organof Bonn, Germany, has issued a and sixty-one baptisms are reforty-page pamphlet, setting ported by the Baptist Church in ization of this Christomol has Italy since 1929 when the Con- taken place in conditions almost forth his views on the problems cordat was adopted by the Ital- identical with those which exthat are vexing German Protes- isted at the beginning of Chris- . tantism. The new uGerman tianity.

Christian Movement" he pro- o ian State and the Roman Cath- Church Collections in Greece nounces umore national than olic Church. Not all obstacles Christian." As for a church are removed, but such a number The Greek Orthodox Church which must "please Hitler," be of baptisms in a country where in Greece is experiencing a relimited to Aryans, uphold the 39,000,000 out of 40,000,000 per- vival. Churches are crowded; majesty of the Nazi government, sons are nominally Roman Cath- people listen with rapt attention etc., Barth will have none of it. olics, shows a marked advance. and give evidence of changed

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

lives. While the people are feel- primitive custom was of real use with which native leaders ac- ing the effects of the depression, to the native and not readily to cepted the invitation to such a church collections have shown an be set aside. It was of greater conference. Time was not found increase. The i r catechetical importance to investigate what to discuss such subjects as the I'Ichools (corresponding to Sun- generally accepted ideas among adequate observance of the day schools) are having a re- the natives were mistaken, or Lord's Day, the use of intoxicat- markable development. Las t were the inevitable accompani- ing drinks, questionable dances, year there were 341 of these ments of witchcraft and super- fetishism, slavery, etc., which schools, with 28,594 students; stition which must be replaced had been placed on the agenda, this year they have increased to by more accurate opinions. The but attention was focussed on 468 schools with 45,404 students. demand of European settlers the difficulties connected with Their curriculum material is that all natives should be clothed native marriages. Missionaries practical and life-centered. while passing through towns has seldom joined in the voting.

robbed them of much of the ben- There was absolute unanimity AFRICA eficial action of the sun's rays, that the truly repentant trans- Modernizing Islam especially in winter; so that gressor of the marriage vow, they have become predisposed to who finds restoration to his for- The subtle influences of mod- tuberculosis and respiratory dis- mer married estate impossible ern thought are causing signifi- eases. Under-nourishment may might be restored to fellowship cant changes within the hoary be tolerated if there is an abun- after convincing proof of sincere institution of Mohammedanism. dance of sunshine, and the na- repentance. The way the natives The Mosque of AI-Azhar, Mos- tives' .custom of exposing their grasped the point, the lucidity of lem university in Cairo, and the bodies to the sun is one of na- their statements and the earnestoldest university in the world is ture's commendable remedies to ness of the prayers commanded being modernized. Old courses enable them to withstand the admiration. are modified or abandoned for ravages of drought. -Congo Mission News.

modern sciences, made necessary -South African Outlook. Testing Time at Ikau to defend the criticisms of Mos- Census for Nigeria The work of the Congo Protlems whose faith was liable to be estant Council at Ikau and sursapped by the influence of mod- A census, completed by the rounding districts comprises 149 ern conditions of life. This government of Nigeria in 1931, outstations, with a church memmerely shows that Islam must throws light on the development bership of over 4,000. The adjust itself if it is to survive. of that country. The largest Egypt Checks Persecution tribes are the Hausa, the Ibo and shrinkage of funds put native the Yoruba, each being over teachers to a test, when a circu- As a result of an attack by three million. The non-native lar letter was sent to each one, Moslems on a Franciscan Mis- population is 5,442, an increase stating clearly that no salary sion at Kafr el Zayat, Egypt, the of 32 per cent. From the reli- could be guaranteed. In two government has taken steps to gious census it appears that 2,- weeks replies began to come in, check the anti-missionary agita- 055,305 are unclassified as to and all the teachers were willing tion. It has forbidden the Com- religion; 7,709,807 are Mos- to continue their work whether mittee for the Defence of Islam lems; 7,543,220 are Animists. they received much or little pay, to hold public meetings, and only Protestants number 710,453, and many adding that they were not the Ulema of the Al Azhar Uni- Roman Catholics 188,507. in their work for the sake of versity is permitted to appeal for There are 36,626 schools in money but that they might serve subscriptions from Moslems to Nigeria, attended by 380,305 the Lord Jesus Christ and adrender the "charity" of the mis- scholars and staffed by 240 Eu- vance His Kingdom. sionaries unnecessary. Newspa- ropeans and 8,815 Africans. Of But the real test came when it pers desiring to increase their these 2,678 schools with 135,162 was decided to call in the teachcirculation have been constantly pupils are under government ers and overseers with their colagitating opposition to mission- and native administration. lecting boxes, and count what aries.-Alliance Weekly. -The Church Overseas. money was there to be distrib- uted. When the total sum in the Good Native Customs Bolobo Conference on 149 boxes was known it was At the recent Science Con- Marriage found to be very little, but after gress at Barberton, Dr. F. G. two days of thought and prayer, Cowston read an interesting and A successful conference of suggestive paper on "Conserving missionaries and native mem- only four teachers handed in bers of the churches at Tshum- their resignations. Native Customs." A careful biri, Bolobo and Lukolela was -Congo Mission News.

study, he said, of primitive agri- held at Bolobo, May 30th to June. Paying in Brass Rods culture, native dress, the treat- 2d. It was necessary to discuss ment of the sick and the whole the church's attitude toward va- H. D. Brown, missionary in manner of life in a native kraal rious native problems, and it was the Tondo region of the Congo, led to a conviction that much gratifying to note the eagerness writes that native' gifts to the

church have been drastically re- to create a popular language. settle on Cyprus. Land, labor, duced. "Because of the scarcity The whole nation was called to water and other power can be of money the old medium of cooperate and for about one year had quite cheaply on the island, commerce, brass rods, are ac- there has been a passionate hunt- and these factors, combined with ceptable. These have been in ing after Turkish words both in the thought that Cyprus enjoys circulation more or less among Turkish folklore and literature. imperial preference, have conthe people, and it is used in the Over 100,000 words are now sub- tributed to make it decidedly atpayment of an African 'dowry.' mitted and from these the new tractive to Palestinian farmers. We have received about 1,560 Turkish language is to evolve. Being a British possession, Cyrods. These helped to pay the The new Turkish dictionary is prus can afford a haven for preacher-teachers. likely to be a monument of hu- German-Jewish refugees in a -Watchman-Examiner. man work; but much more im- greater measure than a land portant and also much more dif- governed by considerations such Harvesting in Madagascar as Palestine. ficult will be its practical en- -Christian Century. Madagascar is a land of per- forcement. plexing problems. Present con- Massacre in Iraq ditions have let loose disinte- -Christian Century. grating forces; there has been a A massacre of Assyrians has re-emergence of pagan practices A Moslem Boy at School been reported in northern Iraq. in certain areas and a break- Strong protests have followed. down of Christian restraints in At Gerard Institute, a Presby- The patriarch of the Assyrians others. The Malagasy Chris- terian School near Sidon a series has taken refuge in British tertians have on the whole stood of evangelistic addresses was ritory, Sir Francis Humphreys the test but some have fallen by given. One meeting was in has set out to Iraq and there is the way. The Malagasy are re- charge of the graduating class, reason to suppose that the Britligiously responsive, but need and each member spoke. One of ish Government will do all that constant encouragement. The the most impressive was a Mos- it can, but great injury has been hope lies increasingly with those lem boy from Transjordania, done. Safety measures had not of their own people who are and of the well-known Mufti been taken to secure these loyal trained to take responsibility in family, who said: Assyrians against their tradi- When I came to this school I spent tional enemies, the Kurds. the first few days cursing the school INDIA church life. There are now sev- and even those who sent me here, and eral such Malagasy Christians; I vowed that under no circumstances The Gospel Focus three on the staff of theological would I remain in a Christian school. schools and another in charge of But as you know, we Circassians are Three public preaching serv- Sunday-school work in Imerina. trained from our birth to obey our ices are held every day by the The most encouraging features leaders; so I wrote to my eldest evangelist at different centers in of the past year in Imerina were brother, who is head of our family, the Presbyterian hospital at saying that I could not stay in a Miraj. Bibles, New Testaments, the "Pastors' Refresher Course" Christian school and be under the or- Gospels and religious books are and Sunday school expansion. ders of Christians. My brother an- distributed to patients, both pri- swered me and said, "I know what you vate and ward. Magic lantern In the examinations held in Sep- need, and that is to be in this school. lectures on the life and work of You will remain, study hard, and obey, Christ are given every Wednestember, out of 2,500 who took or you cease to be my brother." So the second examination over I stayedjand now.I thank God that I have a wise brother, and as long as I 1,500 obtained from 90 to 100 live, I shall never forget what I have per cent.-The Chronicle. learned here of true brotherhood.

WESTERN ASIA -Syria News Quarterly. day in the men's and women's wards. Song services are con- Reforming the Turkish Jewish Colonization Expands ducted on Sunday evenings. The Bible women go daily to the Language An Anglo-Palestine exhibition women's and children's wards To nine out of ten Turks, in London has attracted renewed for a service of song and Bible written Turkish is incomprehen- attention to Palestine as the only teaching. Crowds of men, womsible. The past few months have country in the Near East, and brought nearer the fundamental perhaps in the whole world, not en and children hear the Gospel reform which will probably to have suffered from the depres- from the hospital evangelists as sion. Groups of German Jews they wait their turn at the clinic count as the most remarkable fleeing persecution in Germany to see the doctor.

ever undertaken. The language have crossed Turkey with a view -Presbyterian Banner.

is a compound of Turkish prop- to getting to Palestine. Mean- Christians in Gara Hills er, Arabic and Persian. When· while, news from the Holy Land the Gazi decided to clear the represents an expansion of Jew- Nearly thirty per cent of the Turkish language of its foreign ish colonization to Transjor- Christians of the whole Assam components, he had two objects dania as imminent. There is al- mission are in the Garo Hills and in view: one to sever connection so, it is reported, a tendency Goalpara district, where the with the oriental past; the other among Jewish agriculturists to number has passed the 15,000

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

mark. There are more than 200 has started a self-supporting built up a prosperous business Sunday schools with 10,000 in school of sixty children as a re- as a soap manufacturer. His attendance. To visit the 325 sult of petitions signed by thirty interest has always been keen in churches throughout that area to forty thumb prints. the work of the Bible Society, would mean a year of constant -Christian Advocate. and he is a liberal giver. He has recently pledged 500 ticals for travel, Sundays excepted, and Untouchables at Trichinopoly three years, to train a colporteur. would leave no time for the hun- dreds of non-Christian villages. The first session of the Madras CHINA . -Watchman-Examiner. Presidency Untouchable Chris- Gandhi's Ashram Closed tian Conference was held recent- Only a Beginning ly. One of the resolutions passed Mr. Gandhi's famous ashram at this conference called upon The Protestant Christians of at Sabarmati, near Ahmedabad, the members of the community China number hardly more than established in 1915 for training not to associate themselves with 450,000 among a population of men in the pursuit of truth is to those who still regard them as 447,757,876 in the eighteen provbe closed. Mr. Gandhi gives his untouchables. Another ominous inces. A force of 5,753 missionreason in the following words: resolution warned the ecclesias- aries are located at 601 stations tical authorities that unless they scattered through 1,608 counties. . Hundreds of thousands who took came forward to redress their There are 6,000 churches. Of part in the struggle have lost their grievances in three months' time the 1,608 counties 293, with 146,- all. Having heard the story of the they would consider changing 500 villages, are unoccupied; sufferings of the villagers, I felt that their faith and the canon law 206 others, with 103,000 vilsome drastic action was necessary on would not be binding on them. lages are practically unoccupied. my part. What is it that I could sac- There are 440,000,000 Chinese rifice? I have nothing on earth which Fighting Leprosy in Madras who either heed not the gospel, I can call my own. But I have something which is more precious to me or know it not. -Watchman-Examiner. than what would be considered as The modern method of com- bating leprosy in the Madras mine. Among these the most precious thing is the ashram, and I felt that on the eve of my embarking upon what Presidency was initiated by the Communism Waning is to me a fresh and sacred mission in British Empire Leprosy Relief life, I should invite fellow-workers in Association Survey Party in Writing in the July World Tothe ashram to join me and give up for morrow, Mr. T. Z. Koo discusses the time being the activities in which 1929. In 1931, the Government, the question, "Will China Turn they have been engaged all these in order to organize leprosy Communist 7" He considers the years, and I am glad to be able to say work throughout the presidency, threatened disintegration of Chithat not one of them had the slightest sanctioned the appointment of na's rural economic system the hesitation in believing that the time six group leprosy officers, each strongest factor favoring comhad come for the ashram to make the munism, but cites a number of sacrifice. of whom was directed to open as elements in the general situation many leprosy clinics as finances which are unfavorable to the Champa Leper Church success of communism, among would permit, train the medical A large church has been officers in the up-to-date meth- them: erected at Bethesda Leper Home, ods of diagnosis and treatment Champa, C. P. The earnest of leprosy, do propaganda and 1. The social ethical code of China, developed over a period of nearly two listeners who are able to read survey work and examine school thousand years, exalts such virtues as bring Bibles, with pencils, and children for leprosy. As a re- filial piety, respect for age and learn- suIt 200 new leprosy clinics have mark passages at the preacher's request. The Sunday school has been opened, bringing the total ing, chastity and obedience in women; ten classes; as a rule, every in- available up to 250. In the past and emphasizes tolerance and benevo- lence in mutual relations between man mate attends. Weekly prayer year, in the Madras Presidency and man. When the communists murmeetings are led by an Indian some 28,000 cases were treated der and loot in the name of commu- worker, a leper or the mission and 400,000 injections given. nism and show their contempt for superintendent. -The Church Overseas. China's traditional ethical code by -Without the Camp. preaching against filial piety and A Siamese Chris,tian practicing free love among themselves, A Chance for Bhil Girls they are encountering a stone wall. The Rev. Robert O. Franklin, The Central Provinces Meth- Secretary of the American Bible 2. The Communist Party in China odist Conference has organized Society in Siam, writes of a small is essentially a mass movement, and a woman's unit, and reports a boy, Koo Ngak Song, beginning as such requires a new type of leader- ship as well as following. These ele- ments are absent in the general situa- school project which will give to his school days in the Bangkok tion in China. The Communist Party Bhil girls a chance. Only six- here is dealing with an undisciplined teen girls from the Bhils are in Christian College, who earned mass through an untrained leadership. 25 stangs per week, (about 10 Such a combination of handicaps is the eleven schools of that sec- cents), for sweeping and scrub- . enough to cripple even a popular politti-on. Hitherto "no Bihl woman bing the floors of the Bible ical movement. and the Communistic has ever learned to read or write, Movement in China has already outnor had they learned habits of House. lived its days of popularity (1923-27). cleanliness." Godhra District That boy has become one of 3. The close connection of the Chi- the rich men of Bangkok, having nese Communist Party with the Third

International is another factor against trained Chinese philosopher who for as many as possible of its success in this country. Its pro- is known as "the father of the China's needy children. gram for China is hatched in Moscow. Chinese renaissance," has been When national feeling is so strong in lecturing at the University of -The Christian Century. China as it is at this moment, any po- Chicago on the general theme, litical party which takes orders from "Cultural Trends in Modern The Investment in Pishan an extra-national source is bound to China." Two disquieting feabe working under a serious handicap. tures of his estimate were his Pishan is a walled city of West opinion that China's present China with a population of about 4. Ever since 1927 the Communist weakness, as compared with 11,000. About 40 years ago the Party has been torn by a series of vio- Japan, is due to the fact that Methodist Church began work lent internal dissensions. These have China has no military class, there, and soon had a church and seriously affected the strength of the shows little honor to its soldiers, schools. The buildings are not party and show no sign of abatement. and "will need several genera- impressive-adobe walls and tions to get over its prejudice cement floors, and for seats, saw Madame Chiang's Evangelistic against the military and to build horses without backs. For years, Campaign up a strong army and navy"; the annual appropriation did not and his judgment that the trend exceed $20, and the largest Mr. Robert W. Porteous of the of Chinese culture is away from amount the mission ever re- China Inland Mission writes all religion, the attitude of the ceived in a year did not exthat Madame Chiang Kai-Shak leaders of thought being that re- ceed $150. The total investment' recently attended the missionary ligion is an enemy of progress for plant and running expenses prayer meeting for the workers and must be replaced by science in 40 years has been $4,000. of the various missions working by which alone both the moral Now for the return in transin Nanchang Ki, and asked that and the material aspects of life formed lives: the missionaries do something to can be improved. meet the needs of the wounded President Dsang of West China and dying soldiers in the govern- -Christian Century. University; ment hospitals, adding: "I want them to have the comfort of sal- Cooperating in Rural Areas Lien Ya-go, vice-president of the vation !" Chamber of Commerce of Chungking, Rural reconstruction is being a city of 800,000 people; a Christian The next afternoon, under the promoted by government and man of great influence in the city and direction of Madame Chiang, Christian forces. The Ministry province; three preaching bands, including of the Interior provided the picked workers from each mis- funds and the Department of Dr. Chien Jia-hong, superintendent sion, were organized and have Agricultural Economics of the of the Methodist Hospital, Tzechow, since been working effectively in University of Nanking the per- West China; the three larger military hos- sonnel, for economic and health pitals. studies of rural families. The Dr. Woo Yuei-Dsu, superintendent Tinghsien mass education move- Government Hospital, Shin Du; Mr. Leland Wang, the well- ment has entered into cooperaknown Chinese preacher, gave tion with the University of Nan- Miss Den Lien-fang, principal, the first talk to the men. They king in crop improvement. The Methodist High School for Girls, responded well and a number of University of Nanking is coop- Chungking; hands were raised indicating erating to secure a complete their desire to accept this offer agricultural census of one dis- Six prominent pastors in Szechuen of a crucified, risen, glorified trict in Kiangsu. Likewise the Province; Saviour. The workers visited government is financing and the the wounded in the various university cooperating in a study This list can be lengthened. wards, telling them, as Madame of the marketing and transporta- -Christian Advocate. Chiang herself suggested, of the tion of farm products. One who suffered more than they Reaching the Children ever have. The attitude of the Among the private organizaofficers and men has been more tions aiming at reconstruction For two years Miss Florence friendly with each visit. of life at an important point is Nickles, missionary of the South- the National Child Welfare As- ern Presbyterian Church, has In addition to tracts, booklets, sociation of China. This organi- been giving the major portion of Gospel portions, a nicely bound zation, while linked neither to her time to women's and chilpocket New Testament has been the government nor the Chris- dren's work in the tent evangelgiven to each of the soldiers who tian forces directly, has the sym- istic campaigns conducted by would use it. pathetic favor of both. It has Mr. George Hudson in old estab- been in operation about four lished churches in China, and These New Testaments were years. Its leadership is Chris- also in new centers. The meetthe gift of the American Bible tian. It aims to study the legal ings last fall were more largely Society. status of children, promote their attended than ever before, the health and education and care tent, seating 500, being usually -Bible Society Record. filled at the evening service, with sometimes as many more stand- Dr. Hu Shih Interprets Trend ing on the outside. The most significant part of the work has Under the auspices of the been that among children, since Haskell Foundation Institute, government restrictions have Dr. Hu Shih, the American been laid upon religious teaching in day schools. The meetings are held after school hours, and bring an average attendance of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

300. One hour of religious in- Christian Story-tellers tainted children of lepers, and struction each afternoon for Following the earthquake of by an attempt to get under eight or ten days is equivalent 1923, a group of Tokyo Christian proper care leper patients in the laymen have been back of a initial stage of the disease. This to what the child would receive movement to provide Christian has been next to impossible with in one term in a mission day story-tellers for the public pri- methods hitherto in use. mary schools of the city. Arschool. There is, however, little rangements are made with the -Without the Camp. opportunity for dealing with the school authorities to have these speakers visit their school and Ex-Prisoner Sells Bibles individual, but at the close of a tell the children Bible stories. series of meetings where there is These speakers are accompanied One of the most reliable and a church the local pastor is al- by a skilled Christian singer successful Bible sellers in Japan ways present to extend an in- is an ex-prisoner who had been vitation to the children to attend who teaches the children Chris- sentenced for life. He was so the church Sunday school. The tian songs. unruly as to be a problem to the enthusiastic children are often institution. A fellow inmate frethe means of stimulating a During the past twelve months quently read the New Testament, sixty-nine primary schools were but this prisoner's hatred of the somnolent pastor.

-Christian Observer.

visited and 123 Bible story peri- book was so bitter that he turned ods were held. All told, 80,017 his back to avoid seeing it. But JAPAN one day he opened and began to school children attended these read it. Later, he told of his ex- Vigorous Women's Movement meetings. Not only are these Christians continue to public- Bible stories given in the school perience. ly challenge the moral life of the auditorium with the cooperation "I lay prostrate on the cold nation, and none more heroically of the school authorities, but the prison floor. Some one seemed than Mrs. Kotoko Hani, editor Educational Section of the City's to say, 'Come unto me, all ye that of one of Japan's leading maga- Social Welfare Bureau sponsors labor and are heavy laden, and I zines for women, Fujin no Tomo, this movement and cooperates in will give you rest.' I had no jdea and principal of a modern school its work. Since the movement what happened, but I found my for girls in the suburbs of Tokyo. began, 463 schools have been burden gone and my heart at Another vigorous Christian visited, allowing for repetitions, rest." women's movement is the Japa- and 455,430 children have had The change was instantly apnese W. C. T. U. with its 171 an opportunity to listen to Bible parent to officials and prisoners, branches. In fighting Japan's stories told by men and women so that he was given a degree of "white slave" traffic, in efforts who are experts in this field. freedom and entrusted with imfor temperance, and more re- Can this unique piece of Chris- portant responsibilities. A year cently in the endeavor to prevent tian service be paralleled in so- or so later he was released, came into the service of the Bible Sothe government's manufacture called Christian nations? ciety, and after fifteen years is and sale of a special brand of -National Christian Council the most efficient man in the cigarette for women, in peace ac- field. Review. tivities, and in the struggle for -Bible Society Record. better education, the Japanese Setting the Pace W. C. T. U. is rapidly assuming The friendly attitude toward ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC moral leadership. mission leper hospitals in Japan, Korea and Formosa continues to -Christian Century. Church Union in Australia Rest for Store Employees be an inspiring example to other There is a movement on foot countries of the Orient. This at Canberra, Australia, for the The Dai Maru department has found expression in an in- establishment of organized local stores in Kyoto, Osaka and Kobe crease of official literature on the church cooperation, embracing were the first in Japan to give a subject, and in more frequent the Presbyterians, Methodists weekly day of rest to their em- public meetings enabling the and Congregationalists. The ployees. Two of the three man- people to gain intelligent infor- scheme would provide for both agers are Christians. Two of mation regarding the nature of ministers and people to retain the three store buildings were the disease, and ways of pro- their own status in their respecplanned by the architectural de- tecting themselves against it. tive communions. Final appartment of the Omi Mission. A Donations to supplement the proval of the cooperative scheme new extension of the store has government budget for leper pa- by the Presbyterian General Asbeen opened in Osaka, designed tients have followed, while a sembly of Australia is still within and without by Mr. H. third practical result has been awaited for its definite comple- Sato, head draftsman at the Omi the enlargement of the govern- .tion. The Council for Coopera- Agricultural School. It was al- ment budget for treating a tion has appointed committees to most the last piece of work be- larger number of leper patients prepare further necessary defore his death. and for methods of prevention, tails, and it is expected that the -Omi Mustard Seed. by providing homes for un- actual launching will take place

in the near future. "When the operation on her forehead would Never has a Christian preacher had a more wonderful opportunity than Federal City was in process of necessitate her holding her hand today to show the religious spirit, to offer a practical plan for social salvainauguration," says the Austra- up there for the rest of her life tion in the world of here and now. Mine is a religion of the minority and lian Christian Commonwealth, to keep the brain in, did not seem I am debarred from the strategic ad- vantage of effectiveness, but Chris- "it was publicly suggested that likely to understand the Gospel tianity is overwhelmingly in the ma- jority in our Western civilization. Let its creation would furnish a good story. Yet she came to know the it speak out, plead in the name of Christ, and society is bound to listen. opportunity for the practical Lord, and her life was so If I were a Christian preacher I working out of a program of changed that her sons attended would read the life of the Nazarene to catch a solution for the problems church unity; and the present the hospital services to find out among which I live. "What would Jesus think?" would be the test I scheme is an attempt in that di- what had changed her. They would apply to all matters of today, and I would speak out, regardless of rection." made the great discovery, and social displeasure and congregational opposition. now there are several members I would lift my voice in and out of In the Dutch East Indies of that family trusting in the season for the outlawing of war ex- Saviour. Two men who were cept for the sheer defense of our fire- Missionary Inspector Dibelius converted in the hospital came to sides. I would take my stand on the reports on the consolidation of us and said, before their physi- Sermon on the Mount-words of Jesus congregations in the Dutch East cal needs were fully attended to, that scintillate with pacifism. I would Indies. He mentions the fact "The people in our town don't call anything glorifying the battlefield that in 1930 the Christians of know about this-we must go or condoning belligerency as antithe Batak race in Sumatra, num- back and tell them now." They Christ. bering 330,000, framed a consti- went, bought a little Chinese tution and gained recognition as house, cleared everything out of .I would lift up my voice in opposia Batak Church. They were fol- it, placed seats, and began to lowed in 1932 by the congrega- read to those who came out of tion to the rising tide of nationalism tions of central Java. Their the Word of God. and the cult of race. If I were a first synod met in February, Christian minister, I would love my 1932. In December of the same -Omi Mustard Seed. country not less but humanity the more. I would refuse to let nationalyear a general synod was organ- GENERAL ism gag the teaching of the Gospel of Believe It or Not man. ized also in eastern Java. Now steps are being taken to bring I would say much on the economic order in which we live. I would reabout a self-sustaining Indian The May-June, 1933, issue of fuse to see society exploit its weakest Church, which at present is The Mediator, says: members, to see ground down in the closely bound up with the colo- dust the Dodies and souls of helpless nial government. "In his scholarly work, 'Pa- millions. ganism, Christianity and Ju- I would have a message with regard daism,' the famous Jewish au- to the Jews-the people among whom Opportunities of Medical thor, Max Brod, has this to say: the Saviour lived while on earth. Missionary 'I am constantly amazed at the -Southern Churchman.

"In South Formosa, where the naivete of our teachers and lead- Historical Religions Gospel has been faithfully ers who are surprised when I tell them that the best of our History records twenty-three preached since the pioneer work youth, our intellectuals, become distinct religions, of which of Dr. J. L. Maxwell, founder of Christians out of conviction…. twelve have disappeared. The the London Medical Missionary Our 'leaders' do not believe it. eleven living religions have their birthplace in Asia, four in south- Association, 86 % of the hospital To them a Jew never becomes a ern Asia-Hinduism, Jainism, Christian unless he wants to bet- Buddhism and Sikhism; three in patients had never once heard ter his position. That Christian- eastern Asia-Confucianism, the Gospel," says Dr. Percy ity has drawn to itself such noble Taoism, and Shintoism; and Cheal. "A young man came to souls as Pascal, Novalis, Kirke- four in western Asia-Judaism, gaard, Amiel, Dostojewsky, Zoroastrianism, Mohammedanthe hospital needing an opera- ism and Christianity. Eight of tion on his stomach. During his Claudel, etc., etc., and that it ex- these religions have no missionstay he heard the Gospel for the ercises a most overwhelming in- ary vision; only three aim to be first time and came to know the fluence on the most earnest universal-Buddhism, Moham- Lord Jesus as his Saviour. When truth-seekers among us, of that medanism and Christianity. our teachers know nothing.''' Buddhism is struggling for suhe went home his father, who (Vol. 1, p. 120.) premacy by using the methods had the same trouble, came in of Christianity; Mohammedanneeding the same operation. He, ism would conquer the world by too, was converted. After him the sword, and Christianity would prevail by love. Chriscame the original man's uncle, Christian Preacher's tianity is the only religion that and finally that uncle's two sons. Opportunity All came to a saving knowledge· of the Saviour, and one sug- Rabbi Louis D. Mendoza regested that the Church, which cently addressed his congregathey hope to start in their south- tion in Norfolk, Va., on what he ern district, might be called the would preach if he were a Chris- 'stomach' Church!" tian minister. Among other An old lady, who thought an things he said:

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

deals adequately with sin and quently than business men. They active worker for Social revoluself; the only religion that offers live more frugally. The real tion. At a Young People's Conto mankind a Saviour who has missionary need not worry about ference he made the following risen from the dead; and the tenure of office for he is a crank statement: only religion whose Founder who believes God has called him abides with power in the hearts to a life job and he intends to Today I detect a changing attitude of those who trust in Him. The stick to it. The missionary is toward missions-less enthusiasm and fundamental difference between human. We must not expect considerable doubt as to the wisdom Christianity and all other living him to be continually doing of the movement. Some of this is due religions is that, while the dev- something original. "How many to a changing theology. While I do otees of other religions blindly of the twelve apostles did any- not wish to press economic determinseek upward, from earth to- thing original?" the b ish 0 p ism too far, I do want to warn you wards God, Christianity pro- asked. But within the last cen- that Christians must expect to find claims the fact that God has tury the missionary has planted capitalistic, imperialistic, nationalistic come to earth in the person of Christianity so deeply in the and race-conscious propaganda agen- His Son Jesus Christ to seek and Orient that it cannot be up- cies attacking subtly or openly the to save those who are lost. rooted. Let anyone try to rein- present-day missionary, not because troduce into India or China cer- he is not doing a good job, but be- -Alliance Weekly. tain social practices common cause he is doing his Christian duty there a hundred years ago and as a citizen of the new world commu- Last Year's Church Gain he will discover how profoundly nity we are trying to build. Our wide- Christfanity has changed the life awake missionaries are to be found on In 1932, churches and reli- of those nations. "I have been the front line in the fight against gious organizations showed one through nearly half of that cen- imperialism, against exploitation, of the largest annual gains ever tury and I have never known a against racial prejudice, against narecorded. The total membership missionary who did not try to see tionalism and militarism. The best of in the United States was 50,- the Gospel in its essence apart these workers are the salt of the 037,209. from his Western training and Church. Support them in their trying who would not gratefully accept "front line work," defend them against Growth in church membership help from his Oriental converts patrioteers and imperialists who dein the United States has steadily and urge them to find their own nounce them as pacifists, un-Ameroutstripped growth in the coun- interpretation of the Christian ican, "pink," "red," etc. The Christian try's population, according to the life." -Christian Century. Church can partake directly in the report issued by the Christian struggle against imperialism by send- Herald. From 1900 to 1933, cov- Christian Pictures Wanted ing just such workers to the actual ering approximately a single centers of conflict to support the opgeneration, church membership Miss Clementina Butler, chair- pressed and to report the struggle to increased from 2'7,383,000 to 50,- man of the committee on Chris- us back home. 037,209, or 82.8 per cent; while tian Literature for Women and the population increase in the Children in Mission Fields, who -Congregationalist. same period was 65.8 per cent. spent last year visiting missions Baptists led all the denomina- in the Far East, reports that Missionary Expenditure tions with an increase of 357,353. chromo pictures in glaring colors In the matter of finances, the are sold at the melas and ba- Dr. A. L. Warnshuis has preshowing of the churches is better zaars. These depict the lives of pared, as in previous years, the than that of most secular enter- the gods and some of them are following table to show the agprises. Contributions for all far from desirable. Even in gregate expenditure of the Mispurposes were $19.02 per capita Christian families, whose chil- sionary Societies cooperating in in 1932, compared with $22.62 in dren attend Sunday school, the 1931; and the per capita contri- walls were adorned by these the national missionary organbutions for benevolences were Hindu pictures. When asked izations represented in the Inter- $3.12 in 1932, compared with why, they said they no longer national Missionary Council in $3.71 in 1931. believed in them but thought the the years 1929~31. pictures pretty. The Christian In Defense of the Missionary Literature Committee asks help Average to provide cheap, colorful pic- Bishop Frank G. Mosher, of tures of beautiful subjects, such Expenditu1'e the Protestant Episcopal Church, as Christ, the Good Shepherd, whose experience covers 40 years and Christ Blessing Little Chil- Australia ………….. $1,390,381 in China and the Philippines, dren. -Watchman-Examiner. made a brilliant defense of mis- Belgium …………… 3,664 sionaries he has known, during a A Marxist on Missions meeting of the National Chris- Denmark ………….. 518,386 tian Council in Manila. They Tucker Smith is president of tower far above any other group Brookwood Labor College and an Finland……………. 117,674 of foreigners in the Orient. They go on furlough less fre- France ……………. 197,838 Germany ………….. 1,525,494 Great Britain ………. 11,031,513 Latin America ……… 4;401,990 Netherlands ……….. 443,827 New Zealand. . . . . . . . . . . 449,266 North America * …….. 28,171,146 Norway …………… 604,608 Sweden …………… . 1,020,521 Switzerland ………… 292,761 South Africa … . . . . . . . . 794,870 $50,963,939 • Exclusive of expenditure in Latin Amer- ica.

-International Revieu' of Missions.

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1 Our Missionary Bookshelf r Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information I.~~~II~~~===========================~ Today's You t h and Tomorrow's tangible" about the book, that it make it a success in tomorrow's World. By Stanley High. 12 mo. world." We know that only Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60c. Friend- does not draw conclusions and Jesus Christ himself can change ship Press, New York. 1933. propose definite solutions. If it tomorrow's world, but we know were to do so, it would be play- also that even He cannot do it Just what today's youth will ing false to its fundamental as- without today's youth. do with tomorrow's world the sumption, which is that the soluauthor does not try to predict, tions are yet to be discovered S. FRANKLIN MACK. but he leaves no stone unturned and that what our too-complain an attempt to put squarely be- cent Christians of today need Wayfaring for Christ. By A. M. fore American boys and girls of most is to be stabbed awake. It Chirgwin. 160 pp. Paper cover, 2s. high school age (for whom it is seeks to provide not panacea but Livingston Press. London. 1933. written) some of the major ills provocation. The remedies are that will need treatment if it is implied, but they must be dug The secretary of the London to become better and more Chris- out. Missionary Society wrote this tian. It is his conviction, not little book after his return from only that these problems of a Like the other two young peo- a twelve months' visit to mission sick world are of real interest to stations in Africa and Madagasyoung people today, but that it ple's study books for this year, car. It is not a mere report of is the supreme obligation of Bartlett's "Builders of a New his tour but a general discussion Christian youth to put Christ at of evangelistic missionary work World" and Stock's "So This Is from the days of the Apostle Missions!" "Today's Youth" has the very heart of the modern as its theme "Christ and the Paul down to the present, enworld, and in doing so to match Modern WorId." It makes no riched by many incidents and and surpass the zeal of those distinction between "home" and impressions of his journeyings youth of other lands who are "foreign" mISSIons, but ad- on the field. He "saw the aucommitted to the spread of dresses itself rather to the in- thentic work of the Kingdom of tensive task of the Christian God and men pressing forward Fascism and Communism. His unusual background of Church, a task just as real in the the frontiers and proclaiming world travel and his close and home church as in any mission the Good News in a hundred difcontinued contact with youth field: the making of life truly ferent ways." A. J. B.

movements in other countries, as Christian. It does not thereby Mother Whittemore's Modern Mirwell as with the young people I)f imply that the extensive work acles. Edited by F. A. Robinson. 8 of the Church has been com- vo. 304 pp. Illus. $2. Missions America, enable Stanley High to pleted, but that in our commend- of Biblical Education. Toronto, paint the now familiar problems of race, war, industry, national- able eagerness to spread the Canada. 1933. ism, high-speed living and the Gospel across the geographical Here is a fascinating book of rest on a large canvas and with world we have too long over- actual experiences in leading more than the usual degree of looked the fact that spread is straying and lost women to perspective. For this reason, not synonymous with permea- Christ and His Way of Life. and because the author speaks tion, and that our world has Most of the material is gathered the language of youth with un- other than geographical aspects. from Mrs. Vhittemores' own usual facility, "Today's Youth The spirit of the book may be records and addresses. Her son and Tomorrow's World" will un- caught from the words with and daughter also bear testimony doubtedly prove to be one of the which it closes: "There are to the record. No one can symmost popular mission study texts many movements of youth today. pathetically read these experipublished in years. Where it A new one is called for: a youth ences without being stirred with was used this summer in the movement that accepts Jesus' sorrow at the sad fate of many young people's conferences the . program as its platform and wayward girls, with indignation classes were both large and en- which takes Jesus' spirit as its at the devilish wiles that lead thusiastic. driving power. Enough of to- them astray and with admira- It may be remarked by older day's young people will read this tion and thanksgiving for such readers that there is "nothing book to start such a crusade and sacrificial and faithful ministry Any of the books noted in these columns wlll be sent by the REVIEW pUblishers on receipt of price.

[566 ]

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

as that shown by the workers in dirt; how they labor night and WEIGH the "Door of Hope." day, travel long distances and THE work without proper facilities FACTS • •• and Mrs. Whittemore was led in and with insufficient supplies. He the Water Street Mission from tells of their work of prevention, GO fmPR£SS a life of thoughtless gayety to a their contributions to science life consecrated to God and His and their training of native docservice and was later healed in tors and nurses. A skilled phyanswer to the prayer of faith. sician can do much to relieve suf- She tells thrilling stories of fering in a neglected land but women saved in body and soul only a true follower of Christ and led into lives of beautiful can be a medical missionary. Christian character and ministry for others. "The Blue Bird John .Barleycorn. By Daniel A. Polof Mulberry Bend" is only one of ing. 8 va. 245 pp. $1.50. John many. Here are examples of applied Christianity that are unan- C. Winston Co. Philadelphia. 1933. swerable arguments to those who doubt the reality of God, the Here is a popular presentation Fact No.1 ••• The "Empress" fleet value of prayer and the power of of the case against the legalizing is the largest-ship-fastest-ship fleet. Jesus Christ to save unto the of the manufacture and the sale uttermost. The "Door of Hope" of intoxicants – in the form of Fact No.2 ••• Fares are extremely in New York was founded in "The Life and Letters of John low, First and Tourist Clas, 1890 and for forty years Mrs. Barleycorn." Dr. Poling pre- Whittemore car r i e d on this Fact No.3 ••• You save time by "work of faith, labor of love and sents the facts with conviction, going on an"Empress"ship. Empress of patience of hope." The work with humor, with pathos, and Japan (largest, fastest liner on the Pa· continues in many cities and the cHic) and Empress of Canada reach story is graphically told. with stirring satire. It is illus- Honolulu in 5 days … Yokohama in 8 trated with numerous cartoons. more! Empress of Asia and Empress How Far to the Nearest Doctor? By If Americans could be made fa- of Russia take the Direct Express Route Edward M. Dodd. 12 mo. 163 pp. miliar with these facts they • .. and make Yokohama in 10 days flat! 60 cents and $1. Friendship Press. would find some other remedy than repeal for curing the pres- New York. 1933. ent evils in business, society and the underworld that are charged These stories of medical mis- to bootlegging and Prohibition. sion work for young people have been gathered by Dr. Dodd in The First Wife and Other Stories. GO EMPRESS to Honolulu, his missionary experience, his By Pearl S. Buck. 8 va. 312 pp. Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, world travels and his reading. Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila They give a true and stirring pic- $2.50. The John Day Co. New ture of the great need of a healing ministry and what Christian York. 1933. All sailings from Vancouver and Vicmedical missionaries have done and are doing in many lands. These fourteen stories vary in toria. Fast, convenient trains direct to They are interesting stories, well told and show not only how interest and character. They ship.side at Vancouver. Orient fares inphysical suffering is relieved, but how these ministers of Christ are tragedies written in the same clude passage from Seattle. Reduced also bring spiritual comfort and salvation through Christ. Here beautiful style as Mrs. Buck's round·trip fares. Information from any we read of how Dr. Paul Harrison has gone into the desert of earlier volumes but are without Canadian Pacific agent: New York, Chi· Arabia; of the millions in Persia and India, in China and some of the coarse and objection- cago, San Francisco, Montreal, Vancou- Africa who are beyond the reach of any skilled physician. Dr. able features found in "Sons" verand 30othercities in U. S. and Canada. Dodd tells inspiring stories of such pioneer missionaries as and "Good Earth." "The First Pennell of Afghanistan, McKean of Siam, Livingston and Sch- Wife" is an illuminating picweitzer in Africa and Shepard of Turkey. He describes the ture of Chinese home life. Ansacrificial service of these Christian physicians in their conflict other describes the failure of inwith witch doctors, deadly diseases, poverty, ignorance and terracial marriage. Four show the change from the old to the new order in China; then come four to paint scenes connected with the revolution and com- munist activities and four sad pictures of the sufferings caused JAPAN· CHINA· MANILA by floods. They are sad but sym- pathetic stories of the ChinesE.'.

Noone would gather from them ORlfnT that any Christian missionary had been to China, that hundreds .

of thousands of Chinese had CANADIAN PACIFIC learned to follow Christ or that the author was herself a mis- sionary.

Seal. The Witness of the China Obituary Notes Yale University and Chicago Theo-

Inland Miss,ion to the Faithfulness logical Seminary. He went to Africa of God. By Marshall Broomhall. Dr. Donald Fraser, the well known in 1890. After giving up mission work 12 mo. 173 pp. $1. China In- and greatly loved missionary of the in 1925 he served as pastor of land Mission. Philadelphia. 1933. Church of Scotland to British Central churches in America until he retired Africa, died in Scotland on August the in 1931. There is no more remarkable 20th. For thirty years he was misstory of God's guidance, protec- sionary in Livingstonia, Central Afri- *** tion, provision and blessing than ca, and later in administrative work that found in the records of connected with the Board of Foreign Miss Sybel G. Brown, honorably nearly seventy years of the Missions of the Scottish Presbyterian retired missionary of the Presby- China Inland Mission. God has Church. Few men in our day have terian Board, died in Los Angeles, set His seal on the work of His aroused more enthusiasm for the cause June 26. She was in India 21 years, servant Hudson Taylor and his of missions in Scotland and England. retiring in 1924, and was known as successors and they, in turn, set He was a forceful speaker and dealt the introducer of the Sloyd system of their seal upon the faithfulness with vital issues. The missionary call manual training into India. At her was a life passion and his deepest con- death she was 81 years old. Miss of God to fulfill his promises. cern was bringing the Gospel to those Brown was a graduate of Mount Mr. Broomhall recalls the strik- without it. He was a missionary with Holyoke College. ing and enheartening facts in the the broadest conception of missionary service, saying: "When Christ is pre- .. * * history of the mission – in its sented and received, the whole indifounding, its enlargement; in vidual and social life of the person Dr. Edwin W. Simpson, Presbythe calling of missionaries and will be affected." terian missionary at Islampur, India, died July 10 of peritonitis. He was the support of the work; in times *** born at New Castle, Pa., in 1880, and of war and persecution, of de- went to India in 1902 after graduapression and temptation; in the William Revell 'Moody, the son of tion from Union Seminary at Richwinning and training of converts the famous evangelist Dwight L. mond. He was engaged in evangelistic and in guiding the great work Moody and for thirty years the. presi- and educational work at Islampur, dent of the Northfield Schools and di- Sangli and Kohlapur. with over 1,000 missionaries in rector of the Northfield Conferences, died at his home in East Northfield, *** the largest.and the most difficult Mass., on October 12th at the age of mission field in the world. The 64. Dr. Moody did a remarkable work, The Rt. Rev. Ludwig H. Ihmels, personal testimonies show clear- carrying out the bequest of his father D.D.. Th.D., Bishop of Saxony, died ly God's ability and readiness to in the Northfield work. For nearly suddenly on June 18, at the age of protect, provide and guide. It thirty years he was also editor of the seventy-four. would be well if every mission- Record of Christian Work, and was ary candidate and those on the the author of two biographies of When the churches of Germany re- Dwight L. Moody. As the presiding organized in the post-war period, Dr. field would read this record. It genius of the conferences and schools Ihmels was elected bishop. He was will strengthen and enrich faith. he has made a remarkable contribu- an educator and theologian, having tion to the educational and spiritual been director of a theological sem- progress of America and the influence inary, then teacher in Loccum Con- has extended all over the world. vent, finally professor of systematic theology in the Univer.sity of Leipzig. Printin *** In 1908 he was elected president of the United Evangelical Lutheran When You Require It Dr. Yoshiasu Hiraiwa, Bishop of Conference of Germany. Bishop the Japan Methodist Church from Ihmels was greatly interested in the We wish to extend to you an invi- 1912 to 1919, died in Tokyo, July 26th. cause of missions and his son, Dr. tation to become acquainted with Dr. Hiraiwa visited America several Carl Ihmels, is the present director THE EVANGELICAL PRESS of times. During one of these visits he of the Leipzig Society. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. was honored in Washington by being invited to open the Senate of the Unit- 1,180,000 Bibles Placed by Thousands of institutions and individ- ed States with prayer. He was a tireuals have accepted a similar invitation, less worker and had been prominent THE GIDEONS and have 'enjoyed a profitable printing in evangelistic and educational work association for years. of Japan Methodism for over forty in Hotel Bedrooms for the years. Our specialty is Books, Magazines and o Benefit of Those Who Travel Booklets. We have modern equipment *** You are invited to have a part in this to meet all the requirements of your important work bv sending a contribu.. particular job. Our service is quick, Mr. Manly R. Hubbs, for many tion to the Bible Fund. $1.00 will place careful and courteous. years a warm friend and supporter of a Bible. THE REVIEW, and one of the original Why not allow us to estimate on your stockholders, died at his home in Eligibility for Membership next printing ? You will be delighted Huntington, L. 1., on September 11th with our product, price, and service. after a prolonged illness, in his eighty- The field of the work having now sur- sixth year. Mr. Hubbs was a man of rounded the globe, has caused the open- The Evangelical Press beautiful Christian character, whose ing of membership to Printers of influence and Christlike philanthro- All Christian Business Men pies were very widely extended but The Missionary Review of the World THE GIDEON MAGAZINE. $1.00 per never advertised. year. Write for particulars to PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE: *** THE GIDEONS Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa. . The Rev. Charles N. Ransom, for The Christian Commercial Travelers' nearly thirty-six years a missionary Association of America, International i in South Africa under the auspices of 202 So. State Street Chicago, lllinoi. the American Board of Commission- ers for Foreign Missions, died sud- denly Sept. 11th at Auburndale, Mass.

Mr. Ransom was a native of Col- chester, Conn., and a graduate of 568

Books Reminiscences of Seventy Years-The Sunday

Autobiography of a Japanese Pas- The Independent Arab. Maj. Sir Hu- tor. Hiromichi Kozaki. Translated Supplies bert Young. 344 pp 15s. John by Nariaki Kozaki. 406 pp. $2. Murray. London. Kyo Bun Kwan. Tokyo. S()ulld splilluu/ The Muslim Creed-Its GEnesis and The Chinese Church in Action. John ~1I$oF/IIe Historical Development. A.•T. Wen- Foster. 144 pp. 28. Edinburgh sinck. 304 pp. 158. Cambridge House Press. Edinburgh. 11'~lnol~~~~OCh~~.SWIu/lnfI~kmrKAoWliK~Iulim/I~s University Press. Voodoos and Obeahs-Phases of 1ite (or Bogadi-A Study of the Marriage West India Witchcraft. Joseph J. Laws and Customs of the Bechuana Williams, 257 pp. $3. Dial Press. and Tribes of South Africa. A. E. Jen- New York. nings. 82 pp. 18. L. M. S. London. China-So P. G. Handbook Series. U. Jewish Views on Jewish Missions. K. Shebbeare. 105 pp. lB. S. P. G. From Pacific to Atlantic-South 62 pp. 6d. Jewish Religious Union. London. American Studies. Kenneth G. London. Grubb. Illus. 255 pp. lOs. 6d. The Epistle to the Ephesians. Chas. Methuen. London. Blazing Trails in Bantuland. Dugald R. Erdman. 130 pp. $1.00. West- Campbell. 228 pp. 38 6d. Picker- minster Press. Phila. Life in Lesu (New Ireland)-The ing and Inglis. London. Study of a Melanesian Society in Gospel Sword Thrusts. Mark A. Mat- New Ireland. Hortense Powder- Borneo-S. P. G. Handbook Series. thews. 156 pp. 18. Pickering & maker. Illus. 352 pp. 15s. Wil- L. E. Curry. 96 pp. 18. S. P. G. Inglis. liams & Norgate. London. London. Chinese Rhymes for Children. Ed. by A Classified Index to the Chinese Lit- How Chinese Families Live in Peip- Isaac Taylor Headland. Illus. 156 erature of the Protestant Christian ing. lIlus. Sidney D. Gamble. 348 pp. $2. Revell. New York. Churches in China. 260 pp. Gratis. pp. $3.00. Funk & Wagnalls. New $1.00 per copy asked towards ex- York. The Christian Experience of Life- penses. Kwang Hsueh Pub. House. Joseph Cook Lectures in the Orient, Shanghai. China Year Book-1933. Ed. by H. 1931-2. J. Harry Cotton. 160 pp. G. W. Woodhead. 786 pp. $12.50. $1.50. Revell. New York. PopUlation and Education in Papua. University of Chicago Press. F. E. Williams. 67 pp. Government Christian Activities Among American Printer. Port Moresby, New The KeswickConvention-1933. 275 Indians. Geo. W. Hinman. 32 pp. Guinea. pp. 28. 6d. paper; 48. cloth. Pick- Society for Propagating the Gospel ering & Inglis. London. Among the Indians and Others in Agricultural Missions – A Study the U. S. Based Upon the Experience of 236 A Threatened Hospital in China. Missionaries and Other Rural Mary Moline. 20 pp. 3d. S. P. G. Workers. Arthur L. Carson. 111 London. pp. Agricultural Missions Founda- tion. 1933. Tristan da Cunha-The Isle of Lone- liness. A. G. Partridge. 24 pp. 3d. S. P. G. London.

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The Finality of Jesus Christ A Commentary Critical and By Robert E. Speer Explanatory on the Whole Bible A remarkable presentation of the rea- By Jamieson, Fausset and Brown He fiNALITY sons for b~lief in the final authority of Long recognized as the standard evangelical 0/ Jesus Chnst. The author has spent work on the entire Bible. "J. F. f!I B.'s Com- forty years in t~e s~udy of the subject mentary" provides within the compass of a JESUS single volume a continuous stream of clear, CHRIST and declares unihnchmgly for the abso- critical, and explanatory comments on every lute suprema~y of Jesus ~s the Son of God a~d SavIOur of mankind. verse of the whole Biblical text. 1347 pages. . PresIdent J. Ross Stevenson (Pnnce- Regular price $750 Special $3 50 h ( ) I I I~ I I "I) I I I ton Theological Seminary) says: "The D aVI•st B1'b'le D'l"Ct•!Onary '• greatest contribution Dr. Speer has made By J. D. Davis, Ph.D., D.D., LL.D. to religious literature. . .. It will have a wide reading and a permanent influence This book aims to be a dictionary of the IS Chrl'st P OSS'Iblei.t in strengthening the faith." $3.00 Bible, not of speculation about the Bible. It By P. Whitwell Wilson seeks to furnish a thorough acquaintance with things Biblical. It is furnished with the claim of the Religion of Christ as the authoritative illustrations. The interpre- Author of "The Christ We Forget." etc. one and only Divine ReligioCn.loth, $1.50 tation of Scripture which is frequently in- toinbethseobsetr,atfea~iernatndofscfhaoc~tasrlyw.ill Mr. Wilson takes up the challenge by volved be found presenting to his readers a fascinating and George Muller of Bristol compelling picture of Jesus, as he has con- By Arthur T. Pierson Price. $3.00 The record of the faith of this nine- Christian Workerst ceived of Him in his own experience, from the pages of history, and in the story of teenth century Christian, who received over Commentary our own times. "I came first to know $7,000.000 without asking man for a By Dr. James M. Gray Him nearly fifty years ago," says this penny, is one of the most inspiring in journalist of international reputation, Christian literature. Dr. Pierson has writ- A competent expository commentary on "and the friendship remains." A book of ten the authorized memoir of this remark- the whole Bible in one volume, and for a great charm, a plea of great power. $2.00 able man for both British and American price within the reach of all. This desir- The Beauty 0 { J esus readers. It presents not merely the ex- able combination has never been offered so ternal facts of Mr. Muller's labors, but the attractively. This is eminently the Com- By Gipsy Smith secret springs of his accomplishments. mentary of the people. Preachers and Sun- A new, intensely moving book of mem- Cloth, $2.50 day School teachers will find it a rich mine. In any Christian home it will enrich the ories and reflections of Gipsy Smith, cov- The Progress ering a period of more than twenty-five of World-Wide Missions years. B family devotions, answer the children's y Dr. Robert H. Glover questions, and stimulate the study of the Price, $3.00 "A fascinating story of the experiences Bible. PInrotesrenaantidoPnaoleEticnaclyQcluoopteadtiiaonosf and observations of one of the greatest An accurate. up-to-date, exhaustive living evangelists."-Watchman-Examiner. survey of the mission fields of the world. The one complete and authoritative refer- $2.00 Why Believe It? ' ence and textbook for schools, colleges, and By William S. Walsh P,erson By DelalJa12 L• popular study groups. on This valuable book is not restricted to the history of missions. the religious field, but contains selections Cloth, $2.50 from the literature of the world, ancient Bible teachers and Gospel ministers, however advanced in knowledge. will find Study Bible and modern. classic and popular. A masthe atmosphere of these pages bracing and sive volume arranged for quick reference.

sustaining to an intelligent and trium- Scofield Referenu Net, $3.00 phant Christian faith. Anyone who reads these chapters attentively will know what Edition Webstees CoIIegiate Dictionary the Christian faith is, and what the Chris- The type used in the New Fourth Edition. 1930 censuS fig- smaller edition Scofield is tian life based on New Testament teaching clear and black face, af- ureS. An excellent abridged dictionary fording a volume that MshoaunldybIen. fal1.tble P Cloth, $1.50 may be read with comfort, based upon Vebster's New International f yet compact in size. Con- Dictionary. 106.000 vocabulary terms, roo s including hundreds of new words, with tains full Scofield notes, By Arthur T. Pierson genuine leather binding, definitions, spellings, pronunciations, and printed on Oxford India The teachings of the Bible are so im- paper, size 7 x 4% X 1%6 use of words; a dictionary of biography; inches. No. 57X. Reg- [lortant that it is one of our first duties to ular price, $9.00. a gazetteer; Scottish glossary; vocabu- attain a certainty of conviction as to the Special, $7.50 lary of rimes; rules of punctuation, use .iivine origin of the Holy Scriptures. and of capitals. foreign words and phrases, ab- the divine character and mission of Jesus breviations, etc. Many other features of Christ. This valuable study weighs the practical value. 1,268 pages, 1.700 illus- Evidences of Christianity which establish trations. Cloth, $5.00 OFFER GOOD ONLY UNTIL DECEMBER 2S, 1933 ACT NOW. BEGIN TO SECURE SUBSCRIPTIONS Subscription Department Harrisburg, Penna.

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The Missionary Review of the World — October 1933

OCTOBER,1933

What Can We Expect of Youth?

s. Franklin Mack Shall the Tent–Makers Preach?

Paul W. Harrison How the Revival Came to Persia William M. Miller Presenting Christ to the Foreign Born Edward Catlos Revealing Christ to Students in Asia v. W. Dyer When Missionary Incomes Decrease A Symposium

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The Finality of Jesus Christ A Commentary Critical and By Robert E. Speer Explanatory on the Whole Bible A remarkable presentation of the rea- By Jamieson, Fausset and Brown sons for b~lief in the final authority of Long recognized as the standard evangelical Jesus Chnst. The author has spent work on the entire Bible. "J. F. !1 B:s Com- forty years in t~e s~udy of the subject mentary" provides within the compass of a and declares unflinchmgly for the abso- single volume a continuous stream of clear. lute suprema~y of Jesus ~s the Son of critical. and explanatory comments on every God all:d Saviour of mankmd. . verse of the whole Biblical text. 1347 pages.

PresIdent J. Ross Stevenson (Prlnce- Regular price $7.50. Special $3.50 D aVI"s B1'b'le Dl'cb,onary . ton Theological Seminary) says: "The greatest contribution Dr. Speer has made to religious literature. . .. It will have By J. D. DaIJis, Ph.D., D.D., LL.D.

a wide reading and a permanent influence This book aims to be a dictionary of the in strengthening the faith." $3.00 Bible. not of speculation about the Bible. It Chrl'St PP•O;W SS:hI'b·rtIw'ee.?II IS seeks to furnish a thorough acquaintance By with things Biblical. It is furnished with W 'rl s o n othnee calnaidmoonflythDeivRienleigRioenligoifonC. hrist as the authoritative illustrations. The interpre- Author of "The Christ We Forget," etc. Cloth. $1.50 tation of Scripture which is frequently in- Mr. Wilson takes up the challenge by volved in the statement of facts will be found to be sober. fair and scholarly. presenting to his readers a fascinating and George Muller of Bristol compelling picture of Jesus. as he has con- By Arthur T. Pierson Price. $3.00 ceil·ed of Him in his own experience. from The record of the faith of this nine- Christian Workers' the pages of history. and in the story of teenth century Christian. who received over Commentary our own times. "I came first to know $7.000.000 without asking man for a Him nearly fifty years ago." says this penny. is one of the most inspiring in By Dr. James M. Gray journalist of international reputation. Christian literature. Dr. Pierson has writ- A competent expository commentary on "and the friendship remains." A book of ten the authorized memoir of this remark- the whole Bible in one volume. and for a great charm, a plea of great power. $2.00 able man for both British and American price within the reach of all. This desir- T he Beauty 0 f Jesus readers. It presents not merely the ex- able combination has never been offered 80 By Gipsy Smith A new, intensely moving book of mem- ternal facts of Mr. Muller's labors. but the attractively. This is eminently the Comories and reflections qf Gipsy Smith. covering a period' of more than twenty-five secret springs of his accomplishments. mentary of the people. Preachers and Sun- yea"rAs fascinating story of the experiences The Progress Cloth. $2.50 day School tcachers will find it a rich mine.

and observations of one of the greatest of Wor1d~Wide Missions In any Christian home it will enrich the living evangelists:·-Watchman-Examiner. By Dr. Robert H. Glover family devotions. answer the children's $2.00 questions. and stimulate the study of the An accurate. up-to-date, exhaustive Why Believe It? survey of the mission fields of the world. Bible. Price. $3.00 The one complete and authoritative refer- Bible BtyeacDh~e~lasIJ'aanndL.GPosipe~rs1onministers. pInrtoesrenaantidoPnaoletEicnaclyQcluoopteadtiiaonosf however advanced in knowledge. will find ence and textbook for schools. colleges. and the atmosphere of these pages bracing and popular study groups. on By William S. Walsh sustaining to an intelligent and trium- the history of missions. This valuable book is not restricted to phant Christ.ian faith. Anyone who reads Cloth, $2.50 the religious field. but contains selections these chapters attentively will know what from the literature of the world. ancient Study Bible and modern. classic and popular. A mas- Schofield Reference sive volume arranged for quick reference. Edition Net. $3.00 Webster's Collegiate Dictionary the Christian faith is. and what the Chris- The type used in the New Fourth Edition. 1930 census fig- smaller edition Scofield is ures. An excellent abridged dictionary tian life based on New Testament teaching clear and black face. af- based upon Webster's New International fording a volume that Dictionary. 106.000 vocabulary terms. should be. Cloth, $1.50 may be read with comfort. including hundreds of new words. with InfaIh.b'l~ P. Many roofs yet compact in size. Con- definitions. spellings. pronunciations, and By ArthUr T. Pierson The teachings of the Bible are so im – tains full Scofield notes. use of words; a dictionary of biography: portant that it is one of our first duties to genuine leather binding. a gazetteer; Scottish glossary; ·vocabuattain a certainty of conviction as to the printed on Oxford India divine origin of the Holy Scriptures. and lary of rimes; rules of punctuation. use the divine character and mission of Jesus paper. size 7 x 4;2 x 1%6 Christ. This valuable study weighs the of capitals, foreign words and phrases. ab- Evidences of Christianity whi~h establish inches. No. 57X. Reg- ular price. $9.00. breviations. etc. Many other features of Special. $7.50 practical value. 1.268 pages, 1.700 ilIus- trations. Cloth, $5.00 OFFER GOOD ONLY UNTIL DECEMBER 2S, 1933 ACT NOW. BEGIN TO SECURE SUBSCRIPTIONS Subscription Department Harri.burg, ·Penna.

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REVIEW OF THE WORLD Money for Foreign Missionaries DELAVAN PIERSON, Editor FOREIGN MISSIONARIES every- where have confidence in our Mis- VOL. LVI OCT., 1933 No. 10 sionary Bureau as the most economical source for personal supplies and mis- publ1cation and Business Office sion equipment of high quality. Tbird and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. SECRETARIES and Purchasing Agents Editorial and Executive Office of Foreign Missions find that our 156 Fiftb Avenue, New York City free catalog and special discount list Entered as second-class matter at enables them to save money for their Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under stations. Act of March 3, 1879. MISSION Boards can economize by 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year selecting hardware, paints and other Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. building materials from our catalog, for publisued monthly-All rights re- shipment abroad. served. Copyrighted 1933 by the If you haven't a Montgomery Ward MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- catalog, write TODAY for a free copy. LHmING CO., INC. MONTGOMERY WARD & CO. BOARD OF DIRECTORS Export Department Chicago, U. S. A. "Empress" Luxury – with – Econ- ROBERT E. SPEER, President omy ••• The"Empress" fleetcomprise& WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President them out for the REVIEW or tell us the largest, fastest ships on the Pacific. WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer from whom we can obtain them? Go Tourist for most comfortable low- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary priced travel. Go First Class for luxmy SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT *** that rivals anything on the Seven Seas. MRS. OllRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHABD How much you would miss if YOu Choice of Two Fast Routes ••• ERIC M. NORTH could not read! Books offer educa- Direct Express Route ••• Empress of MILTON T. STAUFFER tion, amusement, inspiration, friend- Asia and Empress of Russia … Yoko- A. L. WARNSHUIS ship. They offer a substitute for col- hama in 10 days flat! Via Honolulu • •• SAMUEL M. ZWEMER lege, travel, conferences, personal con- Empress of Japan (largest, fastest liner tacts. Read our special book offer in on the Pacific) and Empress of Canada Editorial Chat this issue. If you will act on it, you .•• Honolulu in 5 days and Yokohama can obtain good books free. You will in just 8 days more! Opportunity's "back hair" is still also help the Cause of Christ and pro- mote the influence of the REVIEW. GO EMPRESS ••• to Honolulu, missing. Everyone within reach should Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, attend the United Missionary Meet- Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila ings to be held this autumn in Ameri- Sailings from Vancouver and Victoria. ca. Such inspiring speakers as Dr. Fast, convenient trains direct to ship- side at Vancouver. Ifyou sail from Los E. Stanley Jones, of India, Dr. Her- Angeles and San Francisco, you can con- nect with "Empresses" at Honolulu. man C. E. Liu, of Shanghai, Dr. Wu, Orient fares include passage from Seat- tle. Reduced round-trip fares. Informaof Nanking and Dr. Charles R. Wat- tion from any Canadian Pacific agent: New York, Chicago, San Francisco, osfotn~n.of Cairo, do not come our way Montreal, Vancouver, and 30 other There will be large audiences. cities in United States and Canada.

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*** 7'wo liomes of 1Vorking~Clas8 Families If there is some topic which you HOW CHINESE FAMILIES would particularly like to have pre- LIVE IN PEIPING sented in the REVIEW, or some author whose views and experiences you By Sidney D. Gamble would like to share, just drop a line to the Editor. ReRearch Secretary, National Council, Young Men's Ohris- Nan Associations; AutllOr, UPeking: A Social. Surveil" *** Mr. Gamble and his Chinese associates If you know of any special and well persuaded 283 families with incomes attested answers to prayer that may ranging from $8 to $550 silver per month stimulate the faith of others, or any to keep itemized accounts of incomes and notable stories of conversion or effec- expenditures during an entire year. The tive Christian service, will you write result is an illuminating record of the city's household economics, of special in- Letters of terest to economists, sociologists, and social workers. Nettie Fowler McCormick, ~:I~t~Y1;oruthh!a'v;e:og~ivf3e~nitlo!;h;ia~tJo:rira~D~If!:a;.r~e~liaabb:l~ef~Aa~r~dh~:l:tPiWo~kH~b!y~~w;hti~c~b::toJ wife of Cyrus Hall McCormick, inventor of the reaper, are desired by her children. of the ChifUlJ6 Departnunt oj thB Library 0/ COt&gr6841.

For this purpose the Nettie Fowler Meeor.. With 31 Illustrations from the Author's Own Photomick Biographical Association requests that oraphl and 21 Diaoram.. $8.00; 011 Mail, $8.14. persons having any of h~t writings kindly send them to the addr••• below. The family All Booksellers, or from the Publishers of Nettie Fowler McCormick will be grateful for co…operation and glad to make appro.. FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY priate payments for such papers. Address 354-360 Fourth Avena., New York City Nettie Fowler McCormick Biographical Association, 664 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago [473 ]

Copyright-(J'h;icago AeriaJ Survey

THE PRE'SENT-AN AIRPLANE VIEW OF THE CENTURY OF PROGRESS EXPOSITION Service, N. Y. A CENTURY AGO-A REPLICA OF FORT DEARBORN AS IT WAS.

CHICAGO OF THE PAST AND THE PRESENT ORLD VOLUME LVI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER TEN OCTOBER, 1933 Topies of the Times THE QUESTION OF LOYALTY Those who propose to form the new independ- Love separates as well as unites. The love of ent board plan to select their own missionaries, the world separates from God and love to God and to receive and transmit money for the support separates from the world. Love-which is not a of workers and work acceptable to them. Like selfish fancy but a sacrificial devotion-is insepa- most church splits this course seems unwise and rable from loyalty. For this reason love of the unnecessary. truth sometimes divides those who have differing views of what is truth. Human conceptions of It is true that accusations have come from the truth and loyalty cause wars, divide families, split mission fields and from members of the Church at home that some missionaries have departed churches. from the faith of the Church that supports them or are not living and teaching in full harmony Many divisions have come in mission work be- with New Testament standards. It is unforcause followers of Christ could not agree on defi- tunately true that some missionaries have proved nitions, conceptions, methods. Such disagree- unworthy representatives but such criticisms are ments began in the Apostolic Church and they not confined to denominational missionaries, they have continued to the present. In recent years also apply to some representatives of independent disaffected Baptists and Anglicans in England missions. The first question to be settled is as to have established new missionary societies because the truth of the accusations. If any mission of theological controversies. In Canada the Pres- workers, at home or abroad, are proved disloyal byterians have divided; in America an independ- to Christ and His standards, as revealed in the ent Baptist mission has been formed and ~t~er New Testament, or out of harmony with the misdenominational groups have threatened to dIvIde sionary purpose of the Church, their connection because of similar disagreements. Every church with the work shouId cease. This course has been has in it members who find it difficult to think and followed in some cases. We believe, however, that work in harmony. no body of Christian workers, as a rule, are more Recently a group of conservative Christians, loyal and worthy of support than are the miswith strong convictions, have announced their sionaries on the field. It is always difficult to purpose to form, not a new ecclesiastical body, ~)Ut overtake a rumor or to disprove a suspicion. a new mission board within the PresbyterIan Loyalty is founded on confidence in persons, and Church, U. S. A. This course is taken because of on devotion to Christ, rather than on agreement disagreement with the present Mission Board as with other Christians in all points of policy and to the type of missionaries to be sent to the field, emphasis. the form of work to be conducted and the doc- What are the definite principles which may trines to be emphasized. The present Board is, guide Christians in the home church in their suphowever, the authorized missionary agency of the port of mission work? Presbyterian Church and has been overwhelm- 1. Loyalty to Jesus Christ and His message, as revealed ingly endorsed by the General Assem~ly, the in the Scriptures, must .be supreme~ There may be dif- highest ecclesiastical tribunal. The doctrmes ac- ferenceS of gifts, interpretations, operations, ministries, cepted by the Board are those of the Presbyteri.an among His followers, but loyalty to Christ should pro- mote unity rather than divisions. Church. The ability, Christian character, faIth 2. Any church has a right to expect loyalty from its and unselfish devotion of the secretaries is unquestioried~ members. This includes moral and financial support for the work committed to its mission boards. If any mem- [475 ]

ber, out of loyalty to Christ, cannot conscientiously sup- of sympathy and cooperation thrown across naport the church and its work, the consistent step is to with- tional boundaries that we were told that war of draw, rather than to split the body or to disaffect other any size and duration had become impossible. members. Then came the Great War and these international bonds broke like gossamer threads. Alone the for- 3. We believe that the vast body of workers, especially eign missionary movement maintained its intermissionaries, are in harmony with the purposes and principles of the churches they represent. Personal contribu- tions may be designated so that they go to work and work- national ideals, continuing its organization in ers with which the givers are in full sympathy. quiescent form where it could not function ac- tively, never abandoning the ideal, and renewing 4. The Church of God and the work of God is larger these bonds in ever strengthened form at the close than anyone denominational group or any particular field. of the war in the organization of the International While a member's first obligation is to his own church, Missionary Council. it is his privilege to support other work also. "Tithes" may go to the board work and "free will offerings" to any independent enterprises that are promoting the cause of At present we are witnessing the lowest ebb of Christ. Their number, wide distribution and effectiveness the international spirit in political and economic are a cause for rejoicing-not of jealousy. circles. Edward A. Filene, a leading Boston mer- chant, returning recently from Europe, is reported 5. Every church and organization needs critics who are as declaring: "All European countries are headed loyal, intelligent and courageous in pointing out errors and improvements. They need not resign or create trouble and arouse suspicion because of disagreements, but they for a regime of autocracy – that is, of economic may so exalt Christ and His standards as to promote unity isolation and intense nationalism, and America and effectiveness in reaching His ideals. Life is con- can do no better than to do likewise. . . . .. This tagious. Prayer brings power. The Holy Spirit produces is no time to hope for internationalism in trade. results. . ….. I believe in intelligent selfishness," he added. In similar vein, Dr. Joseph Collins, author 6. If an established board of long experience is ineffective, what is the convincing evidence that a new board will be more wise, more conscientious, more self-sacrificing, and lecturer, returning a week later from Europe, more successful, more used of God? declared: "Today there is no such thing as the vaunted internationalism of the political idealists. 7. The true appraisal of missionary service must be …… What each nation thrusts down the throats from the evidence that God is working and has set His of her people is that 'this is your country and the seal of approval on the men and the methods. If He is best country in the world, so be ready to fight and using workers can we refuse to cooperate? die for it' . . . . .. The idea of loving your fellow man honestly means that you would love to Knowledge, honesty, loyalty, cooperation, self- strangle him if he gets in your way. It is the true sacrifice are prime requisites in any work for survival of the fittest." Christ. One benefit of the present financial difficulties of the boards, together with the criticisms Without venturing to pass judgment on the wisdirected against the work, may be to purge the dom or unwisdom of specific economic or political Church and the missionary force, to clarify the purpose and strengthen the evangelistic program. proposals which have been advanced in interna- An expression of confidence in leaders adds to tional circles, it is impossible to avoid the feeling their responsibility to prove worthy of leadership. that the ideal itself of internationalism and world brotherhood has undergone a serious setback MISSIONS AND INTERNATIONALISM from which it may take years to recover. That the prevailing atmosphere is unfavorable to for- It may be truthfully claimed that the foreign eign missions also goes without saying. But the missionary movement has been, throughout the really important question lies quite in another past hundred years, one of the vital factors in the direction. It is whether the foreign missionary development of a world view and in proclaiming enterprise will respond to the challenge of the the unity of the human race. Internationalism present situation and stand forth as an apostle in political and other circles is of much more re- of world brotherhood in Christ, preaching the cent birth, emerged much more slowly and has Gospel of a world-wide love and service, refusing often carried with it such a spirit of selfishness to yield to selfishness even though advocated by and such attitudes of distrust and suspicion, that nationalism. No corrective to the present spirit of it cannot be regarded as of a piece of the Chris- international ill-will would be so profound and eftian missionary movement to which it owed its fective as a forward movement in foreign mischief impulse. This spirit of internationalism had sions. Here is one field at least in which interna- made considerable progress before the Great War, tional proposals are not dangerous or doubtful.

when international organizations of every sort In the face of so-called international disillusion- came into being, representing scientists, musi- ment, let the Church move forward and outward cians, bankers, artists, literary men, labor groups in the service of Christ.

and peace advocates. So many were the strands CHARLES R. WATSON.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

TESTING TIMES IN CUBA We must pray for normal times to come to Cuba soon. This is called the "second independencia," and it really is, The Evangelical Church in Cuba is being put to with the advantage that the Cuban people have learned the most severe test of its young life as the Re- a great lesson. There is much ground for the belief that public struggles to solve its political, industrial a new and better Cuba has been born. and economic problems. With scarcely thirty years' experience, and its organization almost en- The question for the moment and the one that aptirely in the hands of Cuban youth, it is inspiring parently has no answer is: How long will the day to learn of the tact, loyalty and courage with which of quiet and confidence be delayed? the work has been sustained in the midst of such trying circumstances. The Church is small nu- It has been twelve years since Cuban sugar remerically but it represents a fair cross section of turned any profit to the producers. The Island the community, and political leaders of every faith has depended upon this product for its very life. meet in the activities of church work. "We all Each succeeding year has added to the distress and need Christ and His Gospel," writes a young economic need. The Church is more perplexed Cuban pastor. There has fortunately not been the with the poverty and suffering of the population least tendency on the part of any political group surrounding it than it is with the problems of to attack religiori and it is the firm belief of church State, and yet it realizes that these questions are and educational leaders that the present upheaval closely interwoven. As long as the Government will bring with it sympathetic attention to the is unsettled, business falters and the poverty and message of hope, love, and peace that the Church dissatisfaction of the populace make difficult a has taught and preached. settled condition in the capital.

The Council of the Presbytery of Cuba, follow- The Heraldo Cristiano in Havana, in an ediing the establishment of the De Cespedes govern- torial printed a week before the fall of the Mament, prepared a statement of principles that rep- chado government, said: resents the attitude of all church members of that denomination and requested that other churches We should like to hear someone say that the proposed in the Island also subscribe to it. Among other changes in the government will feed the hungry, furnish recommendations it declares in favor of a posi- protection for the homeless, provide instruction for our tive recognition of the sovereign power of God, children, work for our unemployed and raise moral standthe brotherhood of man, equal rights for rich and ards. If this were a part of the new program we would poor, complete separation of Church and State. have great hopes for the future. Our Christian popula- They declare their belief that the only solution to tion, while it awaits a better day, must build for itself, the problems of Cuba, and the problems of the and if these problems must be discussed let us beg of world is found in Christ and His Word; that the those who discuss them that they put salt in their plans. faithful application of the Golden Rule will bring Yes, salt, "the salt of the earth." This is fundamental about a speedy solution. The paper closes with -even though men may not believe it. this very significant paragraph: E. A. ODELL. We believe that the problems of our country are not so much economic, or even social, as they are spiritual. RELIGION AT THE CHICAGO What man needs is a change of heart that can only be EXPOSITION brought about through an intimate knowledge of God and a sincere faith in Christ. This and this only will make The Century of Progress Exposition has our country a truly free nation. brought together a motley crowd from many lands. Between 100,000 and 500,000 have visited There can be no doubt that the present youth the grounds daily. In addition to the noteworthy movement of Cuba will eventually react favorably exhibits showing progress in science and art, on the program of the Church. Many of the very many with selfish purposes, or worse, have underfinest young people of the land have studied at the taken to exploit the visitors by offering trash for feet of Christ during the past three decades since sale, by the use of gambling devices, by tempting the last revolution. Many in the student group, to moral evil for profit or by the promotion of unwho have protested against political and industrial worthy causes. Some exhibits show degeneration abuses, have learned their democracy in the Sun- rather than progress. The "Midway" has offered day schools and day schools of the Evangelical vulgar dances and immoral exhibitions such as Church. They have also learned loyalty. During those in the "Streets of 1?aris," which represent the past three years these Christian students have not the best but the worst side of life. A number remained silent, but they cannot be fooled and of these exhibitions have been closed or modified eventually their ideals for Cuba will find expres- after protests. Investigators report that outside sion. A young Cuban woman writes of the situa- of the Fair grounds evil resorts have thrived on tion: weak and low-minded visitors. The Rev. Philip Yarrow of the Illinois Vigilance Association writes of the closing of more than twenty of these degrading shows and resorts. Anti-Christian and anti-religious literature has also been distributed free or offered for sale.

Among the religious, but non-Christian influ- ing development. During the years 1927-29 ences, are the beautiful Golden Temple, filled with mission enterprises were handicapped due to anti- idols, to represent Buddhism; a Moslem shrine; foreign feeling, inter-province warfare, the shift- a Malay temple and other exhibits picture certain ing of government and the writing of new phases of the ethnic religions. These are also governmental codes, particularly in the field of promoted by addresses given under the auspices education. During the last two years missionary of the "World Fellowship of Faiths." The Parlia- progress has advanced more on account of these ment of Religions, at the first World's Fair in and other difficulties than in spite of them.

Chicago in 1893, was a distinct hindrance to The Church of Christ in China is the Chinese Christian progress since it seemed to put anti- outgrowth of mission work by sixteen denomina- Christian religions on a par with Christianity and led non-Christians to believe that Americans tions from six countries. In 1932 this native are not satisfied with Christ. The present series evangelical church had 821 organized churches of addresses by Jews, Moslems, Hindus, J ains, and 1,204 other preaching places; 334 ordained Buddhists, Sikhs, Zoroastrians, Taoists, Con- native pastors, 1,088 evangelistic workers and fucianists and Shinto leaders can scarcely fail to 120,676 members. The Holy Catholic Church is have a similar compromising influence. Mormons another strong national body, sponsored more and Christian Scientists have special buildings to particularly by the Anglicans. represent their faiths, and the Jews have put on a great Christless historical pageant-"The Ro- Into the southwestern province of Yunnan and mance of a People"-with 3,500 actors and sing- into Manchuria, the Chinese Home Missionary Soers. There is also a reproduction of the Temple ciety, composed of 100 auxiliaries, sends Chinese of Solomon to show the glory that was Israel's. mIssIonaries. For this work, in 1932, ninety- eight per cent of all money came direct from the Among the constructive Christian influences at Chinese. work are such institutions as the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A., the International House, Hull House There is a decided trend toward unification and other settlements; the Hall of Religion, among foreign mission groups. The Christian visited by a thousand people an hour, has many Educational Association is composed of eleven fine exhibits of churches, missions, Sunday provincial education organizations, with educators schools, and the work of various religious so- from many denominations. The Christian Pubcieties. Its bas-relief of Christ, saying "Come lishers Association represents twenty separate Unto Me," and many other features are deeply publishing houses. Six of the largest missionary impressive. The Chalice of Antioch is a large societies working in China have united to form silver cup, beautifully wrolght, said to have been the Associated Mission Treasurers in order to proused by Christians of the first or second century mote economy in financial transactions. Twentyin celebrating the Lord's Supper. An exquisite four of the leading missionary organizations and carving of "The Last Supper" is made in mother their affiliates, both American and European, to- gether with representatives of the Chinese of pearl. Church, are united in the National Christian Definitely Christian activities are carried on by Council, whose purpose is to promote the growth of the Chinese Church. Other cooperating groups the Salvation Army, the Volunteers of America, are doing valuable work. The North China Inthe Moody Church, the Great Commission Prayer dustrial Service Union conducts a school where League, the Chicago Tract Society, the Gospel leaders are trained in spinning and weaving and Tents, and the Noonday Evangelistic Committee. has opened eight separate village industrial The Hymn Festival, conducted by Prof. H. Augus- centers. tine Smith, was an inspirational feature. The daily meetings of the Moody Church have drawn It is difficult to visualize this missionary cause many thousands of visitors who have heard the and effort numerically. But here are facts. There Gospel from such men as Gipsy Smith and Harry is one Christian Chinese to every 1,000 population. Ironsides. The Christian forces of America have, Of the outstanding leaders, to date, one is a Chrishowever, failed to unite in an aggressive Gospel tian to every six non-Christians. As we appraise campaign, to take advantage of the opportunity the missionary enterprise and its achievement in to present Christ to the millions of people drawn China, it is too easy to do it from a strictly Occito Chicago by this Century of Progress Ex- dental standard, making little allowance, if any, position. for the centuries' old customs and a placid, if not THE MISSIONARY TREND IN CHINA passive, temperament. This great missionary ef- fort expended by the Christian people of various The progress of Christian missions in China, nations is bearing fruit in transformed lives, im- says Dr. A. L. Warnshuis, secretary of the Inter- proved living and in the industrial pursuits of the national Missionary Council, is a most encourag- nation.

Can We Expect of Youth?

_.•4J{ By S. FRANKLIN MACK, New York I Young People's Secretary, Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, U. S. A.

MARGARET SLATTERY took as the sub- in moral and spiritual leadership…… We have little ject of an address recently delivered at to hope for from our laymen…… Their loftiest spir- Columbus the words of Chanticleer de- itual level is a cautious morality whose achievement is manding the right to be king of the feathered respectability; and their highest intellectual attainment is some outmoded conceit. In the debacle of their civilizaflock. "The rest of you sing when the sun is high tion they have shown neither imagination nor courage. . . . . . .but I demand the right to lead because I They have lost their heads; they are afraid and cowardly. greet the sun while it is yet dark; while it is yet It is the institutions they have erected which need a mctraF. dark I call the sun for I know that nothing can stop its aris- house-cleaning; all of them, with- out exception….. .

ing." What is the cause of the The shifting to the shoulders; "While it is yet dark," she present chaotic conditions in of youth of an increasing share said, "I have seen YOUTH greet- the world? Many say that of what has long been the re- ing the sun; while we…… the Church has failed. Others sponsibility of adults, and the wait for the dawn!" say that Christians h a v e fact that youth takes the reins My heart quickened as I failed to give youth true with confidence and assurance, heard those words. "While it leadership and to prepare does not mean necessarily that is yet dark," I too have seen them for taking their part in the "new deal" will be better youth "greeting the sun." the fight for truth and justice than the old. "We can hardly The voice of youth is being and clean living. Acknowl- do worse than you have done"

heard in the land, insistent, afeudntgduirnpegr?efsWaeinlhutar-etwsdhoaoetsf artebhboeeulltpiotahusest offers scant comfort to those often defiant, accusing, chal- who, however great may have lenging. It can no longer be youth of today de man d ? been their shortcomings, have silenced, and perhaps it is just What are they preparing to run the course and know the as well; it may do some of us do about it? pitfalls. They have a right to good to be listeners for a Read Mr. Mack's stimu- expect something better. So change. Many thoughtful mem- lating article and see how his they ask of twentieth century bers of the younger generation views fit in with your experi- youth, "What may we expect of feel strongly that those who are ence and convictions. you?"

older have forfeited the right Let us turn the tables for a to lead. In the words of one of moment and ask ourselves by them: "How dare your generation ask anything what we are to judge the adequacy of youth's lead- of us? Whatever we do we can hardly do worse ership. Of what, that their fathers had, will theY than you have done. . . . .. Look at the world you need a double portion; and what, if anything, have made!" will they need that their fathers did not have?

The fairness of such an accusation is conceded They will surely need wisdom, insight and vision, by an increasing number of adults, themselves in lest the future prove unworthy and the past to positions of leadership. Dr. George Lang has this have been in vain. They will need humility, love to say in his Moderator's message to the Synod of and courage-fundamental qualities of the heart.

Alahama (quoted in the World Tomorrow) : They will need, will they not, a high degree of de- In the midst of a society, shot through with racketeer- termination and of commitment to the task. But ing, and its "front" of hypocrisy and skepticism in poli- those of us who call ourselves "Christians" believe tics, business and industry, we have remained silent with that they will need supremely something else, and the silence of unfeeling moral indifference, with silences of doubt, and have no outraged consciences because we that in this they must excel their fathers, who had have stubbornly refused to have our consciences exposed all of these things in greater or lesser degree: to the evils which abound about us…… To look back on they must have an understanding of God's purour witness in this decadent society is to see ourselves in sorry cowardice, ineffective, and without real influence. It pose for the world which relates all that Jesus is not to be wondered at that we stand today discredited Christ was, did and said to every last situation [479 ]

and relationship of every day, here and now. They ground a picture with hope and promise in it, must have unshakable faith in a God who is faith- whose highlights are tinged with the colors of the ful even when we are faithless, and who alone can do what no one of us can ever do: actually change dawn. the hearts and lives of men, and thus bring in the If the Church of today, as they know it, awakens Kingdom. no enthusiasm in its youth, their response to the A survey of the human element in the present mission of the Church, interpreted as the intro- duction of Jesus Christ and his Gospel into all the world situation calls to mind Dr. Albert Schweit- areas, experiences and relationships of life, is zer's words: "To the question whether I am a pes- quite the opposite. In a day when much of the simist or an optimist, I answer that my knowledge world had still to be explored and missionary maps is pessimistic, but my willing and hoping are opti- could depict most of North America and a bit of mistic." There is little enough in the world scene Europe as white and all the rest of the continents to justify optimism. Viewed in the large the youth as black, the idea of missions as geographical exof America seem to be less awake, less at grips tension could evoke enthusiasm. But today we with reality, and therefore less of a vital factor know each other around the world too well. Even in the life of the day than are similar groups in the distinction between "national" and "foreign" many of the European and Asiatic countries. missions is losing the aspect of reality. As the Young people tend to be very much like their era of exploration draws to a close we discover, fathers and mothers and to reproduce the en- what we knew to be a fact all along, that distance vironment to which they have become accustomed. from God cannot be measured in miles. The black Certainly the economic and social insecurity of places of earth are those areas of life where Christ the average college student in America (if there is shut out, and their borders are becoming youth's is any such thing as an "average student") is not to be compared with that of the Chinese, to say new frontier. nothing of the Russian student, in his own country. Where security has been taken away from A World Vision some here in America there have been, as always in the face of tremendous odds, those who have It is not by mere chance that the mIssIOnary suffered defeat; but to others has come a new and study books for young people this year make no transforming appreciation of the significance of distinction between home and foreign missions life through the experience of struggle. Our but concentrate instead on the mission of the schools and colleges have long been, for many if Christian Church in all the world today. There not most of their student population, essentially has seldom if ever been more unanimity of con- 11 continuance of youth's playtime, eddies along- viction in the choice of both theme and approach. side the main current of life's stream; they have More significant still is the decision of national been operated on the theory that the preparation youth leaders, representing more than forty defor life must precede and can be divorced from the nominations and youth organizations, that the acliving of life; they have been protective nests tual present interest of youth justifies making from which the overgrown fledglings will not this same theme into a nation-wide, two-year emerge to tryout their wings until nearly a third youth emphasis. The eager enthusiasm with of life is gone. When vital problems and issues which both the theme and the study books have are discussed or debated it is often with heat, but been received in the young people's conferences all in good fun. Nothing hangs on the issue, not attests the wisdom of the choice. As a young man even bread and butter. put it at the close of one of these conferences, "We're going back home this year with more of a This seems to be changing, be it said for the definite idea of what has to be done and that it's sake of fairness. But the raw material for leader- up to us to actually do something about it." It ship now on hand in our communities and in our did one good to see the light in his eyes and to churches, out of school and ready to "take over," hear the ring of sincerity in his voice as he said it. is the product of a system in which there has been too much of mental and spiritual isolation, with a We still have our extensive world, but the old minimum of experience in "taking over." idea that there is one kind of Christianity, a sort of minimum, for the man in the pew, and an- If there is little in the foregoing that is en- other "full-time" variety for the minister or mis- Gouraging, let us remind ourselves that it is the sionary, is gone forever. The old habits will conbackground that we have been painting, and not tinue, and there will always be, no doubt, "good the picture. For when we look again at our world church members" who call themselves "Chrisof today and at its youth we cannot escape the tians" and are Christians in name only. But it fact that there are other aspects of which we have will be neither fashionable nor comfortable. For yet to take account. It is from these other aspects out of the very confusion of men and of nations that there may be drawn against our dark back- is growing the conviction that the only things worth living for are those that are worth dying

WHAT CAN WE EXPECT OF YOUTH?

for. Missionary zeal is no longer the prerogative not most of those who respond, have been pro- of the Church alone. Realistically-minded youth fessing Christians and members of Christian the world over are turning with eagerness and churches, humility and self-examination on the hope to Fascism in its various forms, to Com- part of dissenters would seem to be more in order munism and to Socialism, seeking through these than criticism.

movements to share in the actual building of a Fortunately no group has a monopoly of the ex- new world. It is inevitable that, in their eyes and perience of vital Christian fellowship. With such in the minds of those who are uncertain as to unmistakable evidence of a sense of unmet need which way to move, the Church and the individual on the part of youth it behooves the Church to re- Christian will be rated comparatively in terms of examine its whole youth program. Such a re- zeal and social outreach. Little respect will be examination is being undertaken in the Presby- wasted on individuals, institutions or movements terian Church, U. S. A., by a Youth Spiritual that lack the courage of their convictions. Western Emphasis Committee, which is prayerfully and Christianity is on trial for its very life: reason earnestly seeking to discover, by working through enough why there should be a restudy of the mis- a few representative churches, how the youth pro- sion of the Christian Church in the world of today. gram may be reshaped so as to make inescapable Here and there across the Church, groups of this experience of vital Christian fellowship. The Christian young people have set out to demon- Federal Council's Commission on Evangelism is strate that there is nothing of permanent value seeking through a series of youth meetings to in any of these world movements to which Jesus achieve the same end. Important as is the man- Christ has not already pointed the way and in the ner of approach, it should not be allowed to ob- achievement of which His Church may not lead. scure the fact that here is a trend of youth inter- A state-wide interchurch youth group in Penn- est that is sincere, earnest, and full of great prom- sylvania has been and is at work to provide for ise for the future because it has to do with the the constituent groups in scores of local COmmu- mainspring of life, the heart's devotion.

nities, resource and project materials on the mis- No doubt those about whom we have been writ- sion of the Christian Church in the fields of in- ing are a small minority among the youth of dustry, youth crime, race, agriculture, world America. There is gratifying evidence that among peace, politics, "missions." They have their five- them are to be found the fearless, far-visioned year plan-detailed, realistic, far-seeing. They leaders of tomorrow whom the others will follow.

mean business. So, too, New Jersey youth. In Pitted against them are the almost overwhelming other states many youth groups, large and small, odds of lethargy, institutionalism, compromise are building Christian programs of action that and factionalism in the Church; but they know it, seek to make of every Christian a missionary and with abundant faith and courage undaunted, Christian, beginning in his own community. while it is yet dark, they herald the coming of the The Fellowship Trend sun, for they know that nothing can stop its aris- ing.

Significant and hopeful as is this movement among Christian youth, for the building of a new social order in the name of Christ, there is another THE MEANING OF LIFE trend of the day that i~ even more so. Contrasting sharply with the popular humanism, it reveals (From Miss Quinn'S report of work among Chinese a deep current of desire for close personal fellow- in Korea) ship with Jesus Christ and a working fellowship with other Christians whose zeal for Christ has The Lord I love went home one day, no conscious limitations. The best known and Went home to God. He did not say most widely discussed expression of this desire is How long He would be gone, nor when to be found in the so-called "Oxford Groups" of He would be coming back again. the "First Century Christian Fellowship." It is I only know that He has gone To make a place for me. Some dawn, unfortunate that so much attention has centered Or evening light He'll come for me! on the techniques involved. It is of tremendous Till then there is a task that He significance that literally multitudes of people, Has set for me, His last command,- Christian and non-Christian, old and young, are To preach the Word! 0 heart and hand, responding with eagerness to the offer of a life Be consecrated to His Cause. full of joy and inner peace because lived every Spend strength and purse and store, nor pause hour of every day in conscious fellowship with Until that wondrous prize is wonand full commitment to Jesus Christ. Here is a His tender words-"Belov'd well done!"

great heart-hunger being met and since many, if -The Bible for China,

Christ to the Students of

By V. W. DYER, Rangoon, Burma Missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Sodety "ONCE I said I would have my fling but now years before seventeen of them were finally ready I am going to have my fling for the Lord for baptism.

Jesus Christ," was the decision of a Bur- At another mission school the missionary said: mese student from the University of Rangoon "Never in the history of the school has any Bud- soon after our first Gospel Team campaign at dhist boy over twelve years of age taken a stand Bangkok Christian College, Siam. The need of for Christ until the Gospel Team came." Since the students of Asia for Christ and His Gospel, that time scores of older Buddhist boys have been and as well as His influence on them and some won nearly every year. This has been made pos- things they are accomplishing for Him can best sible by the preparation given through faithful be shown by telling something Bible teaching every day in the of the story of the Burma Stu- mission school classes. That dent Gospel Teams. high school has had for several A Vision at Amherst years its own Gospel Team which has won many villagers Twelve years ago at Am- to Christ. The Bassein Pwo herst by the sea, near the grave Karen and Shwegyin Mission of Ann H. Judson, some of us School Gospel Teams of volun- had such a wonderful vision of teers have brought in so many Christ and what He might do additions to the church that with students, if only they mission policy may be proreally walk with Him, that we foundly altered. * could get no peace until we had Thousands of decisions and tried to put into action the vis- baptisms all over Burma have ion we received. In October, resulted from this work car- 1923, at the Baptist Burmese ried on by various missionaries Mission Boys School at Da- and Burmese leaders. These nubyu, lower Burma, eight of SAW CHIT MAUNG additions were only possible us, mostly students from Jud- because of the previous good son College, put on our first A Karen leader of Burmese Student Gospel work and cooperation of many All-Round Program of "Expert Team. A native Karen of high accomplish- faithful missionaries. Between Friendship." After a two days' ments, who gave up an attractive career in 300 and 500 students and teach- the Government service to devote his life to the service of Christ.

retreat for ourselves, a time of prayer and facing ers from seminaries, colleges and schools have up to the Four Absolute Standards of Jesus- year after year participated in the work of the Purity, Honesty, Unselfishness and Love-we won Gospel Teams. Only God knows those who are the students with friendship choruses, group truly converted and are changed from being "di- games, football and concerts at night, closing with vided, wrong, inferior and unhappy into being Negro spirituals and a Christian appeal. unified, right, superior and happy Christians." I am inclined to agree with one of our critics that But winning the boys to ourselves is failure, the chief significance of the Gospel Team work unless we really win them to Christ. Twice a day has been the new and fine leaders developed, espewe gave evangelistic Bible studies on sin and sal- cially the college men and women who are seekvation and, most important of all, we witnessed ing to live consecrated lives and who are committo our actual experience of Christ. With feeble ted to winning men to Christ as the supreme busifaith and great hesitation, I gave the invitation to ness and joy of life. these non-Christian students to accept Christ, thinking that perhaps one Burman boy might re- Dr. E. Stanley Jones wrote, after the campaign spond. Imagine my surprise, and shame because of the Burma Team in nine of the colleges of of my little faith, when at the close of the three- day campaign, fifty took a stand. It was two • The Laymen's Report, pp. 63, 141-143, disapproves of this work.

[482 ] North India in 1930: "I do not know anything out the necessity for a change of heart. It is a that has done us more good in the same length of farce to take the easy-going attitude that it does time than this Gospel Team. One month they not matter much what religion a man has as long were with us and yet they set fires blazing in a as he is sincere, and that we have no right to at- number of places. What was the secret of it?" tempt to persuade men to leave the faith of their More than a year later he wrote during our third fathers. Von Hugel said that the greatest foe of campaign in India: "I am unhesitatingly recom- Christianity today is humanism – a humanism mending this team as exponents of a sane and which leaves out the Lord Jesus Christ.

radiant personal and group evangelism." During a campaign in one of the finest mission Obstacles to Student Evangelism colleges in India, before an eager audience of Hindu and Mohammedan students, one of our Nationalism, race-prejudice, humanism and he- Burmese students gave his testimony as to the donism are among the chief difficulties to be marvelous change which Christ had made in his faced in this student evangelism. "To be a Bur- life and as to the wonderful way in which Christ was continuing to purify and enrich his experi- ence. Those Indian students sat in silence, with wistful faces and hungry hearts, eagerly drank in the message and longing for the reality. Not one of the students cared to speak as they quietly filed out, but one of the missionary professors jauntily remarked: "Where did your student learn to speak such excellent English ?" We were so overcome with the sense of Christ's presence that we had no inclination to think of lesser things. A few months later this same professor BURMA GOSPEL TEAM BUS BOUGHT BY THE YOUNG PEOPLE OF BURMA FOR EVANGELISM man is to be a Buddhist," is the common slogan BURMA GOSPEL TEAM AT YALE MONUMENT, MADRAS, of the country. In Siam a strong feature of their NOVEMBER, 1931 nationalism is loyalty to the state religion. Dr. Stanley Jones says that he does not believe that Tour arranged by Dr. E. Stanley Jones and National Christian India can ever be won to Christ until they get Council of India to prepare vital groups preparatory for the Home Rule. The white man is not loved in the Kingdom of God Movement for India. Team for India Jed by East; so the white missionary works under an V. W. Dyer and Miss G. E. Teele. increasing handicap. When we helped form the first College Gospel Team in Madras, the Indian wrote an article in an important religious journal students said that they wanted a team but did not of India deploring the foreign missionary effort want any missionary on it! In most of the mis- to win men to Christ. He tried to show that all sion colleges and stu.dent groups all over India, we should do .is to teach some of Christ's ideals the dominant desire is for Home Rule rather than of service or to purify Hinduism and Mohamfor Christ's Rule. There is very little effort to medanism. Von Hugel is right (even on the miswin the non-Christians to Christ and a baptism sion field): humanism without Christ is deadly. in a mission college is a rare event. Students of the East are very much like their brothers of the West; they desire a good time and are fast deciding that they want no religion to spoil their fun. Probably love of pleasure is the greatest competitor against evangelical religion. Consequently any evangelism has little chance to succeed unless it can show that Christ's Way of Life is the happiest and best.

The non-Christian religions can never hurt the Christian cause so much as mission forces that become satisfied with a "social gospel" and leave

We are thankful to report that at that same pel Team leaders have continued to lead to greater mission college, after much agony in prayer, to- heights because they have entered into the "joy of gether with considerable personal work, one In- the Lord" here and now and have found that fuldian Christian professor and two nominal Chris- ness of life of Him who went to the cross, not tian students were led into a new and deeper ex- merely for duty's sake, but "for the joy that was perience of Christ so that they testified to victory set before Him." They are thrilled to walk with over the sins which were defeating them. They the Christ of the Burma Road who lived and died were able to form a Gospel Team which grew to for us, saying, on the night before He was cruciinclude fourteen members and had marked suc- fied: "That my joy might be in you." cess in winning converts in the Indian villages. It became the greatest Christian force in the Three Burmese and Karen college men entered college. our Theological Seminary, at Insein, in 1927. They were rather unhappy, non-integrated, puri- The Burman, calleq by the British officials "the tanic and legalists in religion. There was more Irishman of the East," is a happy-go-lucky, pleas- of the Old Testament than the New Testament in ure-loving, volatile and extremely sociable indi- their living. They were of excellent character but vidual. His pride and charm of manners make lacked radiance and power. After several months him feel inferior to none. With it all he is a most of success and failure in Gospel Team work they delightful and lovable person. In fact his love of had an experience of returning with joy like the fun has been the despair of the missionaries for seventy disciples of old. They had something of 120 years of noble and self-sacrificing missionary the experience of Chas. G. Finney who was so effort has resulted in winning only 7,000 Chris- filled with the love of Christ that he called out, tians out of 9 million Burmese. Some mission- "Oh Lord, stay Thy hand; Thy servant is only an aries have almost given up hope of seeing the earthen vessel, he can contain no more." These Burman take life or religion seriously. The ad- students became new men, full of exuberant, conventure of complete surrender to the will of God, tagious power of their Master. They did real the romance of trusting Him utterly, and the joy evangelistic work nearly every week-end and durof Christ made one Burmese college student for- ing all of their summer vacations, without any . sake the Imperial Police Service to become the pay, for four full years of their seminary course. first Burmese Y. M. C. A. secretary. When he They are leaders with initiative and consecration saw that the happiest life is really to be found in enough to create their own constituency. Christ, with Christ, for Christ, he followed with glad abandon, saying: "Now I am going to have Can Others Do Likewise'? my fling for the Lord Jesus Christ!" Is there "a secret" which all can learn so that The Average Church Member they will be enabled to go and do likewise, or far better? The average church member either in Burma or in America is often most wretched because he In an official Baptist missionary publication, experiences neither the pleasures which the devil Streets, is found this statement from a visitor offers, nor the joy of Christ. Specialists in nerv- from America who had been with the Burma Gosous and mental troubles are amazed at the large pel Teams: "If this thing keeps up and spreads, proportion of breakdowns found among church there'll be a Christian age yet!" members. A large contributing cause may be that they feel the repression of church morality This "thing" is the work of the Pentecostal without the joyous freedom of Christ. People Group, the Group Plus, and the Plus is Christ. crave excitement, or at least fr~edom from bore- (Mat. 18: 20.) It is a group controlled by the dom, routine, monotony. The Apostle Paul tells Risen Christ with something of the power of us that the best way to experience this liberation Pentecost together with the solid ethical teachof personality is not to be drunk with wine but to ings of the Sermon on the Mount. Back of this be filled with the Spirit of God. Dr. Earle Pierce, is what Henry Drummond called, "the authority of Minneapolis, said to his young people : "You of law, spiritual, moral, natural law, a structure have just enough religion to make you miserable." reared upon the eternal order of the world, and May not that be the chief trouble with the Church therefore self-evident, self-sustaining and invulboth at home and abroad? nerable." Those who fulfil these moral and spir- itual conditions may experience similar or greater Student evangelism, especially with the Bur- spiritual results. We have on record over 600 mans, must demonstrate that Christ's Way of Life group evangelism experiments of both failure and is actually the most satisfying life. Deep down success which convince us of this challenge: in our hearts, all long for a maximum of pleasure Wherever we fulfil the conditions of Pentecost, and a minimum of pain. This is the residuum of God will give Pentecost. Christ never failed us truth in hedonistic ps!'c}lOlogy. The student Gos· on~e, but we h~ve often f~i1ed Him!

H)33] REVEALING CHRIST TO THE STUDENTS OF ASIA

Our Gospel Teams always emphasize our Three Gospel Team when a crowd of outcaste town "riff- General Principles of Friendship: (1) Friend- raff" tried to break up a testimony meeting with ship with God, (2) Friendship with each other, disorderly conduct. When some Brahmin elders (3) Friendship with all others. Friendship with prevented the utter ruin of the meeting, the God involves at least three things: (1) Complete rowdies were so enraged that they rushed up to surrender to the will of God; a giving up of self- my two athletic companions and spat dirty betel assertion which the East despises so much in us nut juice aJI over their faces and clothes. For a Anglo-Saxons; becoming limp in the hands of the moment I trembled lest my brawny teammates Potter; (2) a faithful observance of the Morn- might give those poor despised outcastes the ing Watch or Quiet Time for prayer and Bible thrashing they so richly deserved. Then I saw study, when we make the necessary spiritual diag- them grit their teeth for self-control and smile! nosis to see ourselves as He sees us and thus But I knew they were thinking of Him upon whom keep on a surrendered basis; (3) Guidance of the His enemies "did spit" and who "when he was re- Holy Spirit which enables us (if we live in ac- viled, reviled not again." Afterwards they told cordance with the Four Absolute Standards of me that they too had learned to pray: "Father, Jesus Christ) to know and follow God's Will for forgive them, for they know not what they do." the day. (See Henry B. Wright's "The Will of God and a Man's Lifework.") There is also the The motto for our South India campaign was principle of restitution, going the second mile, that passage which describes Jesus' Gospel Team: loving our enemies, and other principles of Jesus "With Him the twelve and certain women ….. . that we must take seriously or we will find that preaching and bringing the good news of the we have no spiritual power from God to help Kingdom of God." (Luike 8: 1-3.) It is useless transform men into the image of Christ. Evan- to preach unless, with our very lives, we "bring" gelism succeeds only when it makes men Christ- the Gospel. like. The East is asking, says Prof. Wimam E. Three incidents will illustrate the spirit of Gos- Hocking, What difference does it make here and pel Team leadership. Methods and principles are now, if they accept Christ? "What criterion useless unless they are lived out so that men can have you for the truth of this religion which you see and feel them. God had to be made flesh in profess?" In other words, has Christ solved your order that men might know Him. life's problems so that your life and witness are convincing? Nine Burman college students walked two hundred miles with Dr. Marshall and myself in ten I AM CHRISTIAN YOUTH days from Burma to Siam with the temperature over 110 degrees in the" shade. We lived together, By J. T. MORROW, WICHITA FALLS, TEXAS eating burned rice, sleeping on the ground in the rain; getting on each other's nerves, and under- I am the vitality of the Church today and will going other trials that would have ruined our be its leadership· tomorrow. evangelistic campaign if the presence of Christ and the experience of His love had not enabled us as I have acc~pted Jesus Christ as my Lord and to take seriously our motto: "Invincible Good Will, Brother!" Saviour, and the pattern for my purposeful life. I possess the priceless heritage of Christian One of our finest Karen leaders, a noted football star, had been a church member from child- faith handed down to me by countless hosts of hood. Before Christ was given control of his life, devout believers and enriched by my own perhe was one day very angry at a big British soldier sonal devotion. who spiked him and tore his stocking in an important football match. At the next opportunity I am neither sanctimonious nor pious but am when the referee could not see, the Karen kicked striving to adapt the principles of Jesus to a modthe soldier in the stomach and laid him out. Later ern busy world. the soldier came to the Karen and said threateningly: "How is this?" For reply the Karen I am seeking means of furthering the realm of pointed to his torn stocking and said: "How is Christ in terms of social brotherhood and world that?" Five years later in one of the Gospel Team peace. football matches this Karen received kicks on the shins, as well as unfair criticisms of his character I am searching for Truth through the medium from mercenary relatives or jealous rivals, and he of accurate research. takes them all with a smile and a prayer. I defend my own generation from the pessi- A champion lightweight Burman boxer and a mistic judgments of our older colleagues. leading Karen athlete were with our South India I crave responsibilities and implore the sym- pathetic confidence of my predecessors.

I consecrate my virile body, my developing mind, and my adventurous spirit to the Master of men.

I am Christian Youth!

the Revivals Came in

Looking Backward; Preparing to Commemorate a Century of Protestant Missions in Persia By WILLIAM MeELWIE MILLER, Teheran, Persia Missionary of the Presbyteria1z Church, U. S. A.

T HE first American missionaries went to The first revival came in 1846, about ten years Persia in 1834, to open work among the Nes- after the arrival of the first missionaries in torians. These were Syriac-speaking Chris- Urumia. Earnestly had they prayed for its comtians who inhabited the mountains of Kurdistan ing. In April, 1845, the Rev. David Stoddard and the fertile plain of Urumia. The Nestorian wrote to friends in America, "Will not the friends Church had once spread over Asia from the Tigris of the mission beseech the Father of mercies to River to Peking, but during the grant us a powerful outpouring Middle Ages it lost its former of His Spirit; that here the greatness and glory, and the Persia, once a mighty em- Gospel may triumph over the poor remnant of Syrians whom pire under Cyrus the Great, pride, unbelief and deep dethe missionaries of the Amer- was for thousands of years lusions of the human heart, and ican Board found in Persia given over to Sun worship. Jesus Christ be welcomed as a were sunk in ignorance and Later Christianity flourished Saviour, friend, and partner." superstition. They were Chris- for a time and was bitterly tian in little more than name. persecuted. Th~n: came the Within nine months this The purpose of the mission was Mohammedans u n d e r the prayer was granted. The reto revive and enlighten this an- "Camel Driver of Mecca:' and vival appeared first in the two mission schools under the care cient people that they, in turn, today Persia is a Moslem of David Stoddard and Fidelia might once more become a stronghold. But Protestant Fiske. Like most of the remighty influence in the evan- Christian missions have been vivals which followed, this first gelization of Asia. carried on for over one hun- awakening began in connection dred years. There have been with the Day of Prayer in J an- Accordingly Justin Perkins remarkable awakenings in the uary, as both in Persia and with Ashabel Gant and their past and today there are new America earnest prayer was bewives undertook first of all the signs of spiritual power. ing poured out for the convertask of letting in the light of Read this story, take courage sion of souls. Students became divine truth to dispel the dark- and pray. deeply impressed with a sense ness of error. Very few of the men and only one of the women of their sin and need, and also of this people, who numbered began to pray for salvation.

100,000 souls, could read, nor had their spoken Truth which had long lain inactive in their minds language, the modern Syriac, been reduced to now sprang into life in their hearts and gave writing. Schools were started, the Scriptures promise of a harvest in changed character and were translated into the language of the people, a conduct. With joy the laborers welcomed this press was brought out from America and books spiritual springtime! In March, 1846, Perkins were printed, and soon a mighty reformation be- wrote: gan, which finally resulted in the building up of a The revival of which we wrote you last month still prostrong Protestant Church among these Assyrians gresses with increasing interest and power. We are filled and the partial revival of the old church. with wonder, as well as with joy unspeakable, in view of The story of the mission in Persia is full of this work of mercy and grace. In whatever aspect we conthrilling incidents, none of which are more inter- template it, it deeply impresses us as the Lord's doing…. esting than the remarkable revivals which again We expressed the hope that this revival would spread and again visited the mission schools and churches. among the villages; and such is becoming extensively the It is refreshing today to read of these outpourings fact. There are inquirers in several villages, and in one of the Spirit of God upon the dry soil of Urumia village in particular, Geog Tapa by name, a great work is years ago. in progress. Students from the two seminaries have re- turned to their homes in the villages and kindled the fires there by their testimony and their prayers, and frequently [486 ] parents and friends have come in to the seminaries to visit Geog Tapa a great work was in progress; meet- the students and, seeing what God was doing among the ings were held daily, and persons of the most young people, have been themselves converted. abandoned character were awakened and hope- A month later Perkins wrote that in Geog Tapa fully converted. Numerous crimes, some of which thirty-two people had been converted and many were committed twenty-five years before, were others in that place were seriously inquiring of confessed and restitution made. Nearly the whole the way of salvation. In passing along the streets population was affected in a very remarkable one might hear the voice of prayer in not a few of manner. One of the bishops of the old Nestorian the houses; and in the fields and vineyards in the Church confessed his sins and began to preach vicinity there were to be heard the same impres- with new power. Old people who had never prayed sive sounds. before began to pray in public with freedom and The next month Perkins again wrote of Geog eloquence. In many villages there was weeping Tapa that "a great general reformation has taken and mourning over sin, and a Moslem passing near place" there. Open vice, so common before, was a church where a service was in progress on hear- no longer tolerated in the village. Sixty people ing the lamentation within inquired who had died.

seemed to be truly converted and scores of others Many lives were permanently changed.

were awakened. There was great eagerness to In the following year another revival occurred,.

hear God's word, and sometimes on the same eve- beginning on the same day (January 13th) in ning ten or fifteen meetings were going on in the both the seminaries, though they were six miles; homes of the people. Men whose hear.ts had been apart and there was no communication between touched went out to the fields to speak to the la- them. Again there was weeping and confession borers. Christian hymns were sung by the chil- of sin. One of the chief characteristics of these dren in the streets and the priest of the village, revivals was the earnestness and intensity of the formerly "a passionate, violent and even intem- prayers of the awakened. On February 21, 1850, perate man," became "apparently as meek and Mr. Coan writes from Urumia: quiet as a lamb." From Geog Tapa a large num- These Nestorian Christians fully sustain their character ber of preachers went forth each Sunday to other as praying Christians. Many pass hours together on their knees in prayer; and often, in the stillness of the midnight villages, and thus the revival fires spread. hour, the voice of prayer breaks pleasantly upon the ear; Dearth in America-Harvests in Persia and sometimes their eyes not only "prevent the night The Missionary Herald of that day says of these watches" but the day dawn. On the Sabbath nearly the whole time, before and after services, is passed in their thrilling events: closets. Sometimes it would seem that they preferred pray- Amid a most painful dearth of revivals in our own land, ing, not only to sleeping but to eating also. A few Sabit is truly refreshing to contemplate a powerful work of baths since the pupils of the female seminary returned the Spirit in regions which have been for ages unblessed directly to their closets, after the afternoon service as with such showers of divine grace. Who would have chosen usual. But in this instance they remained there till the tea Geog Tapa as the place in Christendom likely to receive bell rang. They came in reluctantly, one after the other, the outpouring of the Spirit? and took their seats in silence at the table. The blessing was asked, and the steward began to dip out their soup, After three years the mission was blessed with the tears meanwhile streaming down his cheeks, and the a second revival which began in January, 1849, girls sobbing with their heads bowed upon the table. There seemed to be no disposition to eat; and it was not until just as Perkins was finishing his translation of the they were told that they must eat that they might have Bible into modern Syriac, and just before he strength to pray that they ate a little, and then flew to buried his fifth child in a Persian grave. In re- their closets again. porting the new revival he writes: The "closets" referred to were little rooms The members of the seminary who were hopefully con- where they prayed in secret. A number of villages verted three years ago were, for two or three days after were blessed by this same revival. the work commenced in its power, the subject in most cases of the most intense heart searchings, of piercing compunc- Did these revivals produce any vital change in tions for their previous coldness and backslidings, and of the conduct of the pupils? Let Mr. Stoddard, the subdued prostration before God. This was true of very devoted Christians as well as others. . .. The impenitent principal of the male seminary, reply. Writing of the early days of the seminary, he says (Demembers of the seminary were also powerfully wrought upon by the mighty energies of the same Spirit, some of cember, 1851) : them being under very deep conviction of sin, and nearly For a considerable period we had not one pious scholar. The principal native teacher, priest Eeschoo, was very all awakened to a sense of their dreadful depravity and imperfectly enlightened. . .. The noise and confusion and insubordination, the habits of lying and theft, the indiftheir utterly lost condition. It is now about a month since ference to religious truth, which were then almost univerthe commencement of this wonderful display of mercy in sal in the school, were a constant source of anxiety and at our male seminary; and there is as yet little diminution of the interest.

A similar awakening occurred in the female times of discouragement. I had many doubts whether the enterprise would be successful. seminary at the same time. At the present time, however, the school is the reverse This revival also spread to the villages. In of what it then was…. In addition to those who have

gone out into the villages to conduct schools and to preach, they talked and prayed together they agreed on a we have thirty with us, about three-fourths of the whole plan by which they would go out to the principal seminary, who are hopefully pious, and who comfort our villages with some of the native brethren, spend a hearts much by their consistent and prayerful deportment. week or ten days in each village-preaching, sing- No one could be present long at our daily recitations, or ing, praying, conversing with individuals, visiting visit the pupils in their rooms, and see the order, the so- from house to house, after the manner of the briety, the diligence and the thirst for learning which are Moody and Sankey meetings. The next Friday so strikingly manifest, without being deeply interested in was appointed as a day of fasting and prayer, them. especially for the outpouring of the Holy Spirit.

The spirit of prayer manifested by many of these young Some of the meetings lasted for two hours. On men is truly remarkable. It is a time of only ordinary one evening thirty-five people arose and confessed religious interest, and yet a stranger, coming into our their sinfulness and asked for prayer. Later one meetings, and listening to the fervent and unaffected en- hundred more expressed a desire to follow Christ. treaties of these youths would suppose us to be in the Mr. Whipple and his colleagues did not yet know midst of revival. This impression would be still further that 260 churches in America had been praying confirmed, were he to stand, as I often do, near our range for them. of prayer rooms, just as our pupils are about to retire to rest, and hear their mingled voices, as they are pouring On January 23, Dr. Holmes, the physician in out their souls to God in confession, supplication and Urumia, wrote that the work which Mr. Whipple praise. mentioned as in progress had greatly increased and there seemed to be a general revival spirit During the next twenty years the missionaries throughout a large portion of the field. . .. In the report at least ten seasons of revivals similar to city of Urumia the chapel had been crowded day those already described. Lack of space prevents and night for two weeks, and a large number of the telling of inspiring stories of these repeated inquirers had come forward. In the girls' semoutpourings of the Spirit. It is noteworthy that inary nearly all the students appeared to be under more than once the revival began on the very day conviction of sin. In a number of villages also that friends in America united to pray for the the revival was in progress. mission in Urumia. I shall close this article with an account of the revival of 1877 which was a most At the end of the year the mission reported that striking answer to prayer. In November, 1876, this revival had brought new life to the churches D. L. Moody was in Chicago at the Christian Con- and the membership had increased thirty per cent, vention when a prayer alliance was formed by 214 persons having been admitted to the Lord's which 260 churches were pledged to pray for one Supper. another till the longed-for revival came. Mrs. Sarah J. Rhea, a former member of the Persia Next year (1934) the Protestant missions at Mission, was present at this meeting, and in her work in Persia plan to celebrate the one hundredth passionate loyalty to the fifty churches in the anniversary of missionary work in that land. In Urumia field, asked that these might be added to what more fitting manner could the centennial be the list. She at once wn>te letters to Persia to observed than by a united effort on the part of all tell the churches that they were pledged to pray the Christians of Persia to reap the harvest that for a revival. Long before her letters arrived no- has been a century ripening? What greater blesstice what took place in Urumia! ing could the friends of Persia- everywhere desire than that the Lord would pour out His Spirit with- In December, 1876, Mr. Whipple wrote from out measure upon the churches of that land, that Urumia that as the missionaries noted the zeal in these latter days we may again experience a with which members of the political parties in revival mightier than any which Persia has yet America go out and try to win people to their side, seen? "Ask and it shall be given you!" they were impressed by the necessity of their showing more zeal in their spiritual work. As DO FOREIGN MISSIONS PAY?

One of the best answers ever given to this question was that of the converted Brahman, Dr. Narayan Sheshadri, before a large audience in Philadelphia some years ago. He said: "This cultured audience convinces me that missions pay. Long" after India had reached a high state of civilization, your ancestors were barbarous and degraded heathen. It was for- oeign missions in the early days of Christianity that lifted them out of this state and gave them and you, their descendants, the Christian civilization and enlightenment you now enjoy. You owe what you are to foreign missions." Letters from American Church Representatives in India, Japan, Korea and Guatemala THE DANGER OF RETREAT IN INDIA irrational? Or is it reasonable and practical? During the past few months, one of the mis- By THE REV. WILBUR S. DEMING, PH.D., sions in India spent two days in seeking to ap- AHMEDNAGAR, INDIA praise its work and to recommend constructive lines of retrenchment. Where to withdraw? Secreta1"y of the American Marathi Mission, A merican Board Dr. James L. Barton, writing of the work of Needs on all sides press in upon us. Most of our Christian missions, says: work is underfinanced. We sympathize with the verdict of the Allied commander who exclaimed: In spite of their deficiencies and incompetence, the "Our right is giving way; our left is in retreat; Christian missionares have been the greatest modernizing, civilizing and morally construc- we will attack in the centre."

tive force that has gone from the The whole philosophy of West into Asia and Africa. They What would have happened at Christian missions is to go have done more to win the coop- the front in the World War if the forward; it does not funceration of Asiatic and African reinforcements and supplies for tion well in retreat. peoples than any other Western the army had been withheld? agency. They have introduced Unfortunately a retreat, ideas and ideals which are re- Whatever sacrifices are made by due to retrenchment, is now shaping fundamentally the thinking of the leaders and the aspira- the folks at home, the sacrifices on being carried on all along tions of the peoples. They rep- the field of conflict are infinitely the line. Various projects resent, upon the highest level of greater. The same is true in the living and thinking, the best Christian missionary campaign. are being given up and the America has to offer. They are When the Church sends outrepre- situation has become critical. real ambassadors of Good Will. sentatives to be Ambassadors of The younger churches are They have laid the foundations Christ on the frontiers, with not yet in a position to asfor Christian education, have in- promises of adequate support, sume the responsibility for augurated new social orders, have shall we withhold reinforcements many of these Christian produced a new religious and and supplies? The campaign is enterprises. Will this reeducational literature and have won the confidence of the people still in the balance. treat become a wholesale among whom they live. In reply to some thirty letters withtlrawal? Will it become a rout? sent to various missionaries of dif- If ml'ssl'onary work has ferent socI'etl'es and in different Here is a hospital that has otnhea tm.tnf' bl uuetnecse t t h'at t thDern. fields we have received the follow- been doing age n e r 0 u s had amount of charity work be- Bart 0 1, ing illuminating and courageous replies. They show both the evil cause of the pathetic poverty the question of its relation- and the good coming from the ship to the present financial economic crisis, of so many who seek assist- depression becomes a vital ance. Diminishing fun d s issue for the churches in the compel the doctors to cater homeland. If it continues to be, in spite of all more to the wealthy patients in order to secure criticisms, the outstanding philanthropic connec- fees. Thus the free service must be sharply curtion between the East and the West, then all those tailed. interested in a more spiritual and cultural civilization will be anxious about the present trend. Here is a district that has maintained several qualified preachers who have carried the message The greatest danger facing Christian missions of God's redeeming love through Christ to the at present is spiritual rather than material. The non-Christians in that area. Through their perrepeated cutting down of our work during the sonal contacts they have been lifting the villages past few years has brought us face to face with a to a higher type of living, particularly the so- spiritual problem. We are in grave danger of los- called "untouchables." A cable from America ing our morale. Weare struggling against a announces a sharp drop in receipts and this distemptation to adopt a defeatist attitude, not trict enterprise must be shut down, or turned over merely about the future of the Christian faith but to a small group of Christians to be carried on about the future world order. Is the dream of a as a voluntary enterprise. Such a solution starts cooperating and brotherly world an idle one? Is with good motives but often has an ineffective the vision of a world dedicated to Christlike ideals result.

[489 ]

Here is a mIssIOnary family that has heavy They represent the view that political and com- financial obligations for the education of the chil- mercial contacts are not enough. They desire to dren. As a result of cuts in salary, the family share the Christ-life with others. Unless the slowly uses up scanty savings and perhaps falls churches in the homeland become thoroughly alive into debt. In the effort to make ends meet the to the need of maintaining this world-wide enter- missionary must cease to purchase books and prise of Christian missions, no matter how great periodicals. How long can he or she remain a the sacrifice; and unless they put forth their best useful and effective missionary? efforts to accomplish this end, we are in grave Here is a Christian school that has been spread- danger of continuing the retreat until we sur- ing a wholesome influence throughout the com- render values that can never be replaced.

munity. Word comes from home causing the school to close its doors. Some pupils find their WHAT REDUCED INCOME MEANS way into secular schools but many must leave By THE REV. A. A. SCOTT, B.S., INDORE, INDIA school because of the ever-present caste prejudice. But the picture is not all dark. The drop in Principal of Indore Christian College, United Church of Canada material resources has often led to a deepening of the spiritual life. We come to realize more fully Perhaps never since the commencement of the that spiritual resources are paramount. This modern Foreign Missionary Movement have misgrowing spirit of independence from material sions and missionaries been more definitely "up things has had a beneficial and far-reaching ef- against it" than at the present time. In many fect. There has also been an incentive to hasten cases the future of work, which has been carried the process of sharing our responsibilities with on effectively for generations, is trembling in the nationals. Missions have been forced to take this balance. whole problem more seriously and to make it a Missions do not depend upon money alone-or living issue rather than an academic discussion. chiefly. They are the outgrowth of faith and love. The curtailment in financial support has undoubt- Nevertheless, they must make use of money to acedly led to the removing of many non-essentials. complish their ends. When the money fails, as it Needed changes have been brought about and un- has failed in the last two or three years, the probfruitful work has been eliminated. All these lem becomes a wearing one. The writer represents a mission in which withthings are commendable. in the last year or two the total appropriation Can Values Be Replaced? (which was even then considerably below our Yet the question remains, will we, because of estimates) has been reduced by more than 33Ya%.

financial pressure, continue th~ policy of exten- Missionaries' salaries have been cut, first 10%, sive retrenchment? Will the building crumble to then 15%, and now 25%. Indian workers have such a degree that it cannot be repaired, when suffered in a similar way. We ask ourselves, "Is the wheels of industry start turning again? If this the end, or is the worst still to come?"

the present trend continues much longer, such What effect is this going to have upon the questions will require an urgent answer. work? We admit that there are features of the In the meantime the world continues like a box stringency which are not wholly depressing. In of dynamite with sparks flying around. Political so far as the shortage of funds has enabled us to questions are enshrouded in an atmosphere of get rid of unsatisfactory workers, to dispense fear, animosity and suspicion. The nations gaze with outgrown methods and cumbrous machinery, at each other across tariff and armament bar- it may have been a blessing in disguise. It may riers. The economic machine, having broken be a blessing also if it makes it necessary for the down, has yet to find those who can repair it with Indian Church to assume larger responsibility for any degree of confidence. Pessimism seems to carrying out the Master's Commission. The have ·much of the world in its grip. trouble is that the indigenous Church is also suf- Some favorable factors continue to encourage fering from the depression and is in no position us. In addition to various political and economic to assume larger burdens. It is having a hard -efforts to effect world settlement, there are at struggle to keep its own head above water.

work in various strategic spots Christian mission- What then are some of the effects of the cuts?

.aries whose desire is to spread a spirit of Chris- Mission buildings which are valuable and worth tian friendliness. In spite of defective qualifica- preserving are falling into disrepair because there tions, many of them are exerting an influence for is no money to keep them up. Mission equipment interracial and international cooperation. They which has been acquired at considerable cost is are the vanguard of a new day when we shall have being wasted because there are no funds to main- a brotherhood of nations united in a common plan tain it. The whole work, whether evangelistic, to share the good things of life with each other. educational or medical, is suffering from de-

WHEN MISSIONARY INCOME IS REDUCED

pressed vitality. It is steadily slipping farther are prepared to suffer with the rest of the world. and farther down hill. Openings which have been But if the Church has lost its enthusiasm for the gained only after years of effort are being closed proclamation of the Message of the Cross to all simply because we cannot, for financial reasons, men, that will do much to take the heart out of us in our work. enter into them. The report of the Lindsay Commission urges One point more-as the result of the falling off in giving, most missions are now assuming a de- that Christian colleges should enter more whole- pressingly middle-aged appearance. Few new heartedly into the life of the people. Very good. missionaries are being sent out, and, as a conse- But when one's whole energies are taken up in quence, the fresh new life which is the natural trying to keep oneself alive, one has not much vi- accompaniment of youth is being shut off from tality to share with others. For years we have our fields. The result will be that in the Young been trying to get Christian Teacher Training or- India, just stretching his sleepy limbs and real- ganized in such a way that the courses given izing his strength, many of our mission bodies would be recognized by the government and lead will find themselves hopelessly behind the times to some definite standing. Now, just when our unless there is in the near future a strong influx efforts appear to be about to be crowned with suc- of new life, full of spiritual enthusiasm for the cess, there come these appalling cuts which make work of Christ and His Kingdom; full also of the it impossible for us to take up the work which we natural vigor and energy of youth. had planned. That is but one instance of many. SHORTAGE IN JAPAN Naturally the Indian staff is becoming restless. They feel that their position is becoming more and By THE REV. S. H. WAINRIGHT, D.D. more uncertain, and they face the possibility of dismissal at any moment with no provision for Christian Literature Society of Japan any pension. Many have been trained from boy- hood or girlhood in mission service, and know no The effect of the world economic depression has other work. What will they do if they are flung been eased in Japan somewhat by two favorable out in the cold to fend for themselves? What circumstances: first, by the high exchange value will be the impression produced on non-Christians of the American dollar and, secondly, by the stim- if this happens? ulus given to export trade. The first has helped mission work, and the second has been an ad- The missionaries themselves, for the most part, vantage to general conditions. But these favor- are hopeful, though many are bearing almost in- able conditions are losing their advantage. The tolerable burdens. Trying to educate a family, high cost of raw materials imported for manufac- some in the mission field and some in the home- ture, is taking away the advantage from the new land is no joke in these days, when one has only rate of exchange. The mission boards are adjust- three quarters of a small salary with which to do ing themselves to this new rate and appropria- it. The constant anxiety about ways and means, tions are made in yen. Instead of sending one which is forced upon us at present, does not make dollar to provide for two yen in the budgets here, us more fit for our work, but definitely weakens mission boards now send forty cents. Local prices us. are also rising.

Just now a great question arises. Does the fail- Reduction all along the line has become neces- ure of the Church to give more adequate support sary. Every conceivable economy is adopted in to this work mean that its members have not order to keep existing work going, while new work money to give, or does it mean that the Church receives no serious consideration in present bud- has grown tired of its task? Is the Church los- get making. ing faith in the missionary enterprise? If we could have a definite negative answer to that ques- The missionaries have cheerfully accepted re- tion it would do much to settle many qualms. We ductions in their salaries, but they are greatly can stand sacrifice. We are not afraid of having hampered in not being able to respond to all kinds to bear heavy burdens. But is the Church going of appeals about them, the meeting of which to abandon us and the work? That is the ques- would increase usefulness. tion which "gives us pause." One denomination, after estimating for J apa- There has been much loose talk in America in nese pastors' salaries out of funds available, found recent years about the ability of the people of the that a deficit of 9,500 yen had yet to be covered. Orient to stand alone, and about the "impertinence The mission board made this a "special," and of foreign missions"; one wonders how far the asked the churches to contribute 6,500 yen and Church has been affected by such vapourings. the missionaries to give 3,500 yen to make up the (Did the Appraisal Commission entirely escape deficit! It is doubtful whether this response can . the influence of such suggestions?) Missionaries be made, yet it presents a phase of the foreign are not looking for easy jobs or soft berths, we missionary's opportunity. These trying times must not defeat the purpose which brought mis- penses of which were borne by the local Chris- sionaries to foreign service. One of the most tians. A four-days' series of meetings were held touching scenes I have witnessed since coming to in the large Nakashima auditorium, preceded by Japan was at an annual meeting last summer workers' meetings and by visiting homes through- when all present contributed to make up the re- out the city. Meetings in the churches followed.

turn fare to Japan of a fellow missionary and his One Christian training school sent out the stu- wife and it was a high point in experience felt by dents who visited 8,000 homes in the part of all when the cable message called them to return. Osaka in which the school is situated!

One happy circumstance is that while applica- The decline in the foreign missionary force, not tions for admission to mission schools are fewer, withstanding the call for new work, is very dis- attendance holds up so that income from fees is turbing. In 1927, the Protestant missionary staff maintained. Without the exchange balances this in Japan numbered 1,527, while last year it had year schools are meeting with far greater diffi- decreased to 1,176, involving a loss of one-third culties. the ordained missionaries, many of whom are in , Adjustment is not always possible. A step more evangelistic work. This touches a vital element serious is necessary. A Christian Literature So- in the foreign mission force.

ciety Weekly, called the Sunday Club, started last There has been an increase (from 1,055 to year at Dr. Kagawa's request, was so successful 1,552) of Japanse ordained men and a correspond- as to reach a total for the year of 125,000 copies. ing increase in women workers, but the decline in It could not pay for the editor's salary, so it had the missionary staff is a serious loss. The Chris- to be dropped in spite of the appeal made to a tian institutions founded by American missions committee at home. cannot as yet be maintained by the Japanese Many other enterprises are dropped off which churches, nor can these churches meet the ever are of a special nature. The full strength of the sounding call for new advance in the unoccupied Christian movement cannot be put forth. Even territory. The home churches must respond to regular work, like preaching places which have the appeal for new work in all great mission fields.

the promise of becoming churches, are discon- Two million new congregations are required to tinued owing to the drawing in of the lines. meet the needs of villages in Asia. The call from Hardships come to those who cannot be continued this Macedonia is not only for help in establishing in the work and to those on whom is laid double the church but it is the call to help the new tasks through the economy thus effected. younger churches reach out into the regions be- Unfortunately we do not see any very distinet yond. The Apostle Paul writes to the Christians spiritual effects from the depression in Japan. in Philippi: Christians nowadays seem to have lost the secret When I departed from Macedonia, no church had felwhich knows "how to be brought low" as well as lowship with me in the matter of giving and receiving "how to abound.') Our chief Christian virtue (for new work elsewhere) but ye only. seems·to be to know "how to abound" – how to confer earthly benefits upon others. Weare not In one large mission in Japan the only new work so gifted when it comes to making straightened undertaken has been made possible by a special circumstances vocal with the power of faith and contribution made for this purpose by a devout Christian woman on the Pacific Coast of America.

love. Man is too often looked upon as the source A TESTING TIME IN JAPAN .of welfare; so when things go wrong a certain ill humor is apt to find expression toward man By THE REV. D. B. SCHNEDER, D.D.

as responsible. If the spiritual benefit of the pres- P/'esident of North Japan College, Sendai, Japan ent depression is that we are led "to look not upon Due to the hopeful attitude of the Foreign Mis- the things that are seen but upon the things that sion Board of the Reformed Church in the United are unseen," then there is some evidence of that. State and the favorable exchange, we have not Many in Japan are truly "seeking first the King- thus far seriously suffered in our work in Japan.

dom of God and his righteousness." Unusual Both of our schools, North Japan College and hardships in church work are giving rise to un- Miyagi College, have entered upon a very hopeful usual efforts. year. The number and quality of our applicants A missionary living in the interior says that for admission have been better than for a num- outlying places are offering to provide the travel ber of years. Any drastic cut in our appropria- and entertainment and a meeting place (in one tions, therefore, will be very deplorable.

of the private homes) if an evangelist can be sent If any weakening of the work takes place now, to introduce the Gospel there. it will be practically impossible to recover from A most interesting instance of this local activ- the effects. Christianity faces a harder task in ity is the special evangelistic campaign conducted· Japan now than at any time during the past fifty recently in the great city of Osaka, the total ex- years.

WHEN MISSIONARY INCOME IS REDUCED

WHAT THE CUTS MEAN IN KOREA The Government requires certain standards of By THE REV. STACEY L. ROBERTS, D.D. equipment and scholastic work, and without money we cannot meet these requirements nor measure President of the Presbyterian Theological Seminary, up to the opportunities before us. Pyengyang, Korea In such a time we must reevaluate our work and With gifts to missions reduced, appropriations put the resources and strength that we have, not for the work must be reduced, and the Church of merely in work that is important, but in work that Christ both at home and abroad is being compelled is most important. The Lord can bless a very to retrench. In Korea, at a time like this, we ap- little so as to use it in a mighty way. Our prayer preciate as never before the wisdom that carried is that He may make us strong where we are weak through the plan to establish a self-supporting and bless the work, even though our equipment is Church, so that when funds from the homeland less than in the past. We pray that further "cuts" are reduced, the strong Korean Presbyterian may not be necessary for we need not only more churches are directly very little affected. It is money but more workers. different where the churches are under the care of the missionary. When itineration funds are REDUCTION IN GUATEMALA reduced, they must receive less attention, even By EDWARD M. HAYMAKER, D.D. though the missionary goes into his own reduced personal funds to pay the expenses of his itinera- Editor of "Guatemala News"

tion. This is most important work, but the trips In prosperous times both national workers and require money and retrenchment greatly affects missionaries in the Guatemala Mission had only the cause of Christ in Korea. just enough to live on-never too much. The cut A native church may be largely self-supporting in the budget, therefore, makes necessary for us and yet the mission may need a great deal of all very trying readjustments. Our plans were money to carryon the evangelistic, educational, made very carefully so that we cannot cut ex- medical, industrial and literary work. Reduced penses without making matters more difficult. We appropriations to Bible Institutes mean either less economize in food and clothing-often a doubt:ful time given to teaching the Word of God or fewer and desperate expediency. Some are forced to seek men and women taught. These Bible Institute outside sources of income such as teaching music students are the elders and deacons and Sunday or language, repairing cars, etc. The WIicy of School teachers and Bible women of the country the Church at home has been that the efficiency of and city churches. The opportunity to help fit the missionary is the prime consideration. Urider them for their work is one of the greatest we this reduction that policy is discarded. At first have in Korea. The work of the Theological Sem- the missionaries tried to help out nationals by inary must go on, if there is to be a trained min- sacrificing their own comforts, but now their ut- istry, but when all of the cooperating missions are most effort is required to keep going themselves, compelled to cut their budgets, and there is no and the nationals suffer, though the missionaries possibility of increasing tuition fees, we face a voted unanimously to make reductions pro rata very serious situation. with the work and national workers.

The cut in hospital appropriations means less A much discussed question is as to whether it free medical work. There is a wonderful oppor- is best for missionaries to adopt a different stand- tunity in the hospital to meet the needs of the ard of living from that of the native workers.

souls as well as the bodies of thousands of people! Should they "stoop to conquer" as Christ and the Some are able to pay their way, but if help cannot Apostles did ?Perhaps the question will be de- be given free to multitudes of other sick and suf- cided for us. At any rate the missionary is per- fering folk, their future means years of suffering force approaching the standard of living of the or an early death. It takes money to care for national, who, in the meantime, is being reduced these needy people. to greater poverty. This affects not only our faith- In Korea we have a large Christian constituency ful workers, but the work and the people as well.

and this offers a wonderful opportunity to give When their standards of living are lowered their the Christian youth a good education and to make ideals and their Christian optimism are apt to them useful members of the Church of Christ and wither. The death rate is reported as increasing of society. A cut in appropriations means that in a number of localities from a lack of ability to we are compelled to reduce the number of teach- purchase simple remedies. The tendency is to- ers, to overcrowd the class rooms, to use a poorer ward parsimony even in religion.

grade of teachers, and to refuse help to many In the different departments of mission work worthy students, many of whom are the children the results of the reduction are very serious. Mis- of pastors and other Christian workers, and are sionaries have given up their cars and thus their looking forward to lives of service for Christ. usefulness is curtailed. The hospital has given up the native driver, which means that the doctor undertaking more complete self-support, which is and nurse must do the work-at a great cost to our ideal.

efficiency. The cut also stops work on chapels, The drift of the Church talent toward govern- parsonages and schools, as the nationals alone are ment employment, because of the much larger pay not able to finish them. Outstation work is cur- than we can afford, is growing less because state tailed when there is no way to finance the trips. salaries are in arrears. Dr. Paul Burgess says, Next year the evangelistic work will suffer even in a recent letter: more seriously if the cut continues. The Church and missions have suffered less from the Our missionary institutions are sometimes hit depression than other institutions, especially the governthe hardest. They depend largely on funds from ment. In consequence talents, which would otherwise home. The field income is also decreasing because serve the government are available for mission service, of the depression. Repairs to buildings cannot be even at the beggarly salaries the Church is able to pay. So the depression has brought the Church at this time the made; teachers and other workers cannot be best leadership available from within its membership.

paid; tuitions and hospital expenses are not met; The government has been compelled to close so that the outlook is distressing. What are we many rural schools, so that in many of our fields to do if the cut continues? the Sunday schools have taken their place. These mission Sunday schools are now teaching both Thank God there is a brighter side, and we keep cultural and academic studies as well as the Gosstaring at that to keep up our courage. The pel. They are growing rapidly and are becoming Master knows full well what He is doing. When a powerful means of local evangelization, at the people had plenty of money and occupation, they same time doing the government a good turn. indulged to excess in questionable diversions and Poverty is providing good soil for the presentafrivolity often tending toward degeneration. The tion of Christ. It may even be a good thing for a drift of the public was away from serious think- missionary to stop and make tents now and then. ing and from God. When money and work are It gives him an opportunity to revalue his work, lacking they begin to reflect on the seriousness of to recast his plans, to relight his enthusiasm and life. Thinking seriously often means thinking to rededicate his life. evangelically, and our church attendance increases apace. Our Guatemala Christians give for the We are coming to believe that the providence of work of Christ to the point of sacrifice, and that God can be seen in all this necessary readjust- is good training for the present stage. They are ment. Some huge problems are being solved by learning not to rely much on foreign help, "and are it, whether we will or no.

Shall the Tent Makers Preach?

By PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia Missionary of the Reformed Church in America; Author of "The Arab At Home"

"THERE is nothing that we would not do for tion by means of making first-class tents, he should your tent factory if only you would get rid not devote his attention to preaching Christ. Most of the preaching in it." The Book of the missionaries live, as Paul usually did, supported by far-away churches, but a number of us-doc- Acts does not mention such an incident in Paul's tors, teachers, industrialists, and agriculturistslife, but it is a common experience in the lives of follow his tent-making program. his successors. The Apostle would have ignored such a remark. He would have been surprised to But we are here as missionaries, all of us. That be told that when he was supported by foreign means that we are "bond-slaves of Jesus Christ, funds and could give his whole time to preaching, set apart to proclaim God's Good News." The docthat then he was a legitimate evangelist, but when tor finds his opportunity in work with individuals he earned his living and made his social contribu- more often than in public addresses, though in

SHALL THE TENT MAKERS PREACH?

Muscat we have made it a practice to give the leave us with their arms aching and empty; to doctor one of the preaching services every month, fathers austere and erect, who go down the hos- simply to demonstrate publicly his active partner- pital steps broken and gray, with such silent grief ship in the station's evangelistic campaign. In in their eyes as only strong men know. No man the Hospital there is an opportunity to exercise ever came into a mission hospital who needed his gifts of a modest sort in proclaiming the Good hernia mended one-half so badly as he needed to News. Doctors are not highly trained theologi- learn about Jesus Christ. It is easy to operate on ans, but on the mission fields many of them make his hernia, and we are glad to help him by doing first rate preachers of the simple Gospel. it, but we pray and plan and hope for an oppor- The difference is only one of degree. The most tunity to bring him to Christ. Sometimes we suc- effective and most useful preachers we have, such ceed in giving him the greater gift along with the as Bishop Linton and William Miller, of Persia, lesser, and when we do we thank God and take insist that they do their most important work with courage. That is the real reason we are out here.

individuals. On the other hand, however full the It is a very gratuitous trouble which our friends time of the tent-making missionary may be, and are giving themselves over the acceptability of however much confined to individual contacts, evangelistic work in our hospitals. I have never there come many opportunities to present the Gos- met a patient who was troubled by it, nor his rela- pel message to larger or smaller groups. tives either. The Mohammedan who made to me The missionary must frequently pray to be de- the remark quoted (with modifications) at the livered from his well-meaning friends. For years beginning of this paper, was a merchant from out- he has been told by ship captains, by godless com- side, as much an alien in Bahrain, as 1. He was mercial representatives, and by the alien admin- not troubled about the fine sensibilities of the pa- istrators who rule most of the Near East, that the tients. What worried him was the possibility tent-making missionary should have no part nor that some of them might become Christians. We lot in evangelistic work. In these days that idea hope to give him still more reason to worry about has gained a wider vogue. The argument is this in the days to come.

simple enough. The medical missionary especially When men say that we will see better medical furnishes to the community such a valuable type work if evangelism is excluded from the doctor's of tent, that unless we are careful, people will be activities, they are simply mistaken. Dr. Howard found listening to the Gospel against their wills, Kelly and Dr. J. M. T. Finney, of Baltimore, are simply to secure a tent. Christian love should not reduced to sub-mediocre physicians and sur- lead us to furnish tents free to the community, geons by their Christian activities in America. A and not preach the Good News to them at all. Christian faith, deep enough to be happy and con- In an argument such as this, there is some fool- tagious, and vivid enough to focus our whole per- ishness and some pure fiction. We do furnish sonality, so that it becomes easy to talk to others tents free to the needy community, and no one is about the Christ who has done so much for us, compelled to listen to the Gospel in order to bene- such a faith does not make for slovenly, careless, fit by our services. The clinic door is wide open. or ineffective medical work. It makes for better Anyone who prefers not to listen has the whole work; is indeed a guarantee of the best that that outdoors to retreat into, and thus can save his particular doctor is capable of doing. Experience soul from enlightenment. In Bahrain and Mus- bears this out. Dr. Vail in Miraj, whose reputa- cat, we seek to do personal work with every pa- tion throughout India and the Near East com- tient every day, but always with the provision that pares with that of the Mayos in America, is one anyone preferring not to listen, is passed by. In of the most whole hearted evangelists that we twenty years I have never seen a patient who was have on the mission field. Others are Dr. Goheen not glad to have me sit and read and talk and and Dr. Evans in Vengurla, Dr. Hume arid the pray with him. Beals in Wai, Dr. Dame in Bahrain, Dr. Ida The idea that, by carrying on evangelistic work Scudder in Vellore, and Dr. Edith Brown in Lud- in our hospitals, we are in some way trampling hianna. The list could be lengthened almost in- under foot the finer sensibilities of our helpless definitely. The best medical work in India and patients, is grotesque. Talking about Jesus Christ Arabia is being done by these men and women.

with men who are in trouble is often the one The Church has no work anywhere of which she thing they want, introducing them to Him and to has a greater right to be proud.

the God of all comfort through Him. Up and down "Brethren pray for us," the tent makers, that the aisles of pain and trouble and broken hearts in an agressive. evangelism, mixed with sympathy Jesus, our Lord, walks day and night. If only and love and skill and hard work, "the word of we could make Him visible to them all! But He the Lord may have free course and be glorified does become visible to some; to mothers who even as it is with you."

Christ to the Foreign

By the REV. EDWARD CATLOS Pastor of the First Bobemian Baptist Church, Cbicago DECENTLY very little has been said regard- The immigrant has brought with him an affilia- ~ ing the foreign born in the United States. tion to the state church. In most cases he con- The outbreak of the World War marked the tinued to live loyally to that church. But the state beginning of the decline in immigration. Our church has been very slow in coming with any present laws keep the doors almost completely definite attempt to minister to the spiritual needs closed so that emigration actually exceeds our im- of the foreigner. And when finally it did come, migration. Notwithstanding this present condi- the number of the priests and the ministers was tion we still have, according to the census of 1930, so insufficient that all of the ministry was confined over fourteen million foreign born in the United for a long period to christenings, marriages, and States, and over twenty-two million native born burials. In some cases the earnest immigrant, of foreign or mixed parentage. This great multi- seeking to satisfy his religious needs discovered tude is unable to join fully with the older Ameri- a church kindred to his own, but the services were can stock in singing the great American hymn, conducted in a language unknown to him. He "Land where my fathers died," for their fathers was reluctant to send his children there for fear are buried in another land. Many an Ameri- that they would forget their native tongue. At can who has not come into contact with the for- present these churches are serving their com- eign born is astonished to learn that cities like municants in imposing buildings but thousands New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Cleveland, and of the children, now men and women, have grown Detroit are, in their mixed population, only cross- up without any religious training whatever.

sections of Europe or of the whole world. The It is evident that the evangelization of the for- largest Scandinavian university of the world is eign born and of many native born of foreign or located on the shore of the Mississippi River. mixed parentage as well, stands out as one of the These new-Americans, as they are often called, most challenging tasks facing the American did not scatter over the length and breadth of the Christians. The foreigner within our gates has land. Over eighty per cent dwell in larger cities. proven himself a very valuable asset in the fields Out of 1,790,424 Italians living in America, 1,046,- of human activity. He has effectively written 159 live in the states of New York, New Jersey, himself into the commercial and industrial his- and Pennsylvania. In New York City alone, the tory. He has made himself a valuable factor in Italians form a population larger than that of the field of invention, education and art. Shall Rome. In one Illinois town thirty per cent of the the potential power of the new-American be per- population are foreign born and fifty per cent are mitted to remain dormant in the great enterprise native born of foreign or mixed parentage. A boy of the Kingdom of our Lord? Should his soul be born and raised in such a community is an Amer- lost among the wheels of our industry or in the ican, but as a matter of fact he is born and raised coal dust of our mines?

in "little Italy," "little Poland," or "little Czecho- Two methods are being used by evangelical slovakla." Customs of the old world prevail in Christians to bring the knowledge of Jesus Christ such a community to a marked degree. Very often to the newcomer. The foreigner, in quest of better public opinion, public office and public education economic conditions for himself or in quest of are all largely influenced if not totally controlled. better living conditions for his family, has drifted Upon my arrival to this country I was told: "Re- away from the congested foreign community and member, Chicago is in America but America is has settled down next door to a Christian neigh- not in Chicago." Truly, only a limited part of the bor, or may work next to the bench of a Christian American industrial city is American. In more toolmaker; he may come into contact, while at- than one instance it is plainly seen that an immi- tending an evening school, with a Christian grant, making his home in such a community, teacher. The light shining from a transformed never comes into contact with the leavening in- Christian life brings forth its natural fruit. There fluence of the Christian life as the American are no records available, showing the extent of Christians understand it. He lives in the old this blessed work. The year books of churches, world transplanted and somewhat modified. especially from regions where there are no for- r 496] eign speaking churches, reveal, however, many home to which he could bring his wife and their names whose racial identity cannot be doubted. firstborn. But the home without companionship Recently a young woman graduate of a mission- with God through Jesus Christ was not complete.

ary training school testified of the effectiveness of One day he came into contact with people who had this method of Christian service. Her parents exactly that for which his heart was yearning.

experienced all of the blues and lonesomeness He was invited to church and with his wife sur- common to strangers in the strange land until a rendered to Jesus Christ. They joined the for- Christian neighbor crossed their path. This eign-language church, the only institution that young lady's contribution to the Kingdom will be spoke of their Saviour in the language they could an indirect fruit of Christian neighborliness understand. Years passed and he became a dea- shown to an immigrant and his family. con of that church. Four children were born to At a recent gathering of young people of Czech- him and his wife. Now he is an old man, but oslovak descent a young lady was announced as a is still a deacon of that same church. One of speaker. She came from the young people's de- his children is married to the pastor of the partment of the denominational headquarters and church to which they have dedicated their service.

announced both her parents were Czechs, her One son is a high school teacher; another is a father being an immigrant. Christian professional man. The younger daugh- Thousands of foreign born and their children, ter and her husband gave their lives to religious scattered over America, occupy not only humble, education in an underprivileged community. In unheralded places of service in the local Amer- the lives of such as these the foreign-speaking ican churches, but are filling positions of high re- church is making its supreme investment for sponsibility on home and foreign mission fields, Christ's sake.

because of the winsomeness of Christian people In many communities the foreign-language who have come in contact with them. Those that church is the only available spiritual home for have drifted away from the segregated foreign these people. Sunday schools are the only means communities have been especially blessed by this of organized religious instruction within reach.

type of ministry. The effectiveness of the Amer- Closed doors of these churches mean a neglected ican Christianity would be greatly reduced if it opportunity to many that depend entirely on them were not for this neighborly service in the Name for spiritual instruction. The so-called American of Jesus Christ. And now that the old-fashioned, church is often too distant, in more than one foreign-speaking community is fastly being disin- sense, from the children of the immigrant. There tegrated, even in the large cities, and since the are many obstacles but the contributions to the.

language barrier is also being removed, evan- spiritual wealth of America are real and lasting.

gelistic effort must depend more largely on this This effort is fruitful. On the occasion of the method of approach if the foreigner is ever to be One Hundredth Anniversary of the American reached for Jesus Christ. Baptist Home Mission Society an Interracial Bap- The other method of approach is through the tist Conference was held in Detroit. One hundred foreign-speaking church. Under the guidance and and fifty delegates representing twenty-two racial leadership of home mission boards, foreign-speak- groups were present. It was an unusual and de- ing churches have been founded. Some have lightful occasion. The meetings testified force~ grown into strong, spiritual and missionary units. fully of the power and the genius of Christianity.

Many have organized into independent confer- That twenty-two different nationalities could come ences and are now carrying extensive missionary together under one roof and enjoy fellowship one programs at home and abroad. For instance the with another concretely illustrated the value as German and the Swedish Baptists and Methodists well as fruitfulness of the foreign-language and the Norwegian and Swedish Lutherans have churches in America. At the closing session the grown into strong religious bodies, occupying whole congregation rose to unite in the Lord's very important places in the religious life of prayer and each delegate prayed in his own America. Their churches have given unsparingly tongue. Before the benediction was pronounced of their members to the wider service of our Lord. these from many lands joined in the famous hymn Not few have proven themselves able missionary of Christian fellowship: "Blest be the tie that statesmen and educators. History will no doubt binds, our hearts in Christian love." The pente- reveal that the spiritual standard was lifted and costal experience is reproducable even in this day the moral consciousness quickened in many a and even under different circumstances. Those community by the humble ministry of foreign- from far corners of the earth, each speaking his language churches. own tongue, understood the one universal lan~ Several years ago a young man came to a grow- guage of love and devotion to one Lord and ing city of the great Northwest to establish a Master.

Christ in

-..e{ By the REV. H. A. IRONSIDE, Chicago, Illinois Pastor of the Moody Memorial Church THE coming of millions of people to Chicago are larger than can be accommodated inside in the during the five months of the Century of huge tent which seats over 2,500 people. The Progress Exposition has afforded a marvelous messages have been in great power and hundreds opportunity for reaching vast multitudes with the have professed to receive Christ as their Saviour.

Gospel of Christ. The Church Federation has Other evangelists are to continue throughout the made no concerted effort in the way of union coming months.

meetings on a large scale to meet this need, but In another section of the city the young woman many churches are featuring special services in evangelist, Miss Uldine Utley, is preaching to their own buildings, and the various exhibits in multitudes in a large tent, seating four thousand, the Hall of Religion on the Fair Grounds are with Harry Clark, recently of the Billy Sunday used to carryon active propaganda. The Lu- party, leading the singing. Excellent reports are theran churches particularly deserve great credit given of these meetings and their results.

for their splendid exhibits and their testimony to The Moody Bible Institute has become the head- reformation truth. The Salvation Army has a quarters for large numbers of Christian people remarkably fine exhibit, and it is gratifying to visiting the city, and in addition to the regular note that the American Bible Society and the Chi- classes which have been in session through the cago Tract Society are daily distributing litera- major part of this period, special Bible teachers ture, thousands of tracts and portions of Scrip- have been engaged to conduct daily services for ture. Services held in the auditorium of the Hall the benefit of these guests and others who attend.

of Religion, which is not very large, have not At the Moody Memorial Church, situated in a thus far attracted very special attention. most strategic location, a nightly program has A large group of young people, numbering many been put on covering the entire five months. The thousands and sponsored by Mrs. Philip D. Ar- first two and a half months have brought results mour, has been districting the city and visitation that have been most encouraging. The audiences groups have gone from house to house giving have aggregated at least ten thousand people Scripture portions and invitations ·to special weekly and frequently double that number; of late Christian services. They secured the Eighth there have been a total of at least thirty thousand Street Theatre for a week's meetings under the each week. The annual conventions of the Scandi- direction of Roy L. Brown. navian Alliance, the Hebrew Christian Alliance, The Christian Business Men's Committee, which and the World's Fundamentals Association have has been carrying on noonday theatre meetings contributed their quota and special speakers have for the past two years in the Loop District, con- been brought in from various parts of America tinues these evangelistic meetings which have re- and from England. The veteran evangelist, Gipsy cently been transferred to the Illinois Theatre on Smith, has just closed a fifteen-day campaign and Jackson Boulevard, near the Fair Grounds, and the great auditorium, seating over four thousand, outstanding preachers are engaged to speak to the has been far too small to hold the crowds on many throngs who gather there. The same group is occasions. Loud speakers have been installed en- conducting four tent campaigns and a tabernacle abling those gathering in the lower auditorium meeting in different parts of the city. They have also to hear the speaker's message. There has also engaged Evangelist Rawlins and his wife who been a great harvest of souls confessing Christ have a splendidly equipped Gospel truck for open- and Christians have been stirred to deeper conse- air meetings, which are held in various sections cration and devotedness.

every week. On Sunday afternoons three large God is honoring His Word and is putting His open-air meetings are also being conducted in the seal upon the testimony going forth in these vari- Cook County Forest Preserves. ous Christian activities. There are other organ- The Swedish Mission Covenant Chprches have ized efforts which are not mentioned here because brought Evangelist Frank Mangs from Sweden of the writer's lack of familiarity with them. We and have opened a large tent which is crowded rejoice, however, in every evidence of the working nightly; here many are being brought to a sav- of the Spirit of God among every group of His ing knowledge of Christ. Oftentimes the audiences people.

[498 ]

Cross in Christian Missions*

= By DR. TOYOHIKO KAGAWA, Tokyo, Japan Author of "The Law of Love," etc.

CAN Christianity exist without the Cross? need for Christ to be crucified, merely to propa- "Re-Thinking Missions" tries to interpret gate humanism! ….. . to us Christ without the Cross as Chris- There are indeed many religions in the Orient: tianity. From its first page to the last I failed to but is there any that clearly teaches that God discover the word "cross" in this book. It is the loves humanity with the love of the Cross? Bud- lack of the Cross which constitutes its weakness. dhism propounds abstract principles, but it failed The book is not written from the motivation of to wipe away my tears.

the Cross, but from economic To this day Buddhism is motives. This is evident at the compromising with the system very beginning of the Introduc- What is the true heart of of public prostitution in Japan.

tion, where they speak of the Christianity and of the Chris- Shintoism and militarism, and desire for retrenchment be- tian missionary enterprise? Brahmanism and superstition cause of the economic depres- What driving force led the are closely associated. I do not sion. This lack of the Cross is Apostle Paul to change his wish to attack other religions, the greatest reason why I am mind about Christ and the but it is useless to be too lenient disappointed in this Report. Christians and to gladly suffer with them. Man will not be privation, persecution and "Thy Kingdom Come" is indeed death that he might win saved thus. The human race quoted frequently as the funda- others to Christ? The es- on most occasions is still asleep; mental purpose of foreign mis- sence and the motive power and whoever takes it upon himsions, but nothing is said about and the dynamic of Christian- self to waken a sleeper knows the inevitability of paying the ity has not changed, though that he may have to face unprice of the Cross in order to conditions are different from pleasant consequences! Chrisbring in the Kingdom of God. those of the first century. It tianity's history in Japan has is from a mission field in Asia, been a history of persecutions. When Paul, just before his and from a convert to Christ We Christians need not go out martyrdom, wrote: "Everyone from Buddhism, that this of our way to seek persecuin Asia has deserted me" (2 clarion call comes to sacri- tions; but this Report does not Tim. 1: 15) the writers of this ficial devotion to extend the book would have deemed him a sway of Christ over all the encourage us as it should to failure. world. evangelize w hen confronted There are altogether about with opposition and persecu- ten points under which I have tion. It is no reinforcement to listed my dissatisfactions regarding this Report: the Christian girls who, even today, in districts 1. In the first place, this Report has forgotten dominated by the Shin sect of Buddhism, remain that the starting point of foreign missions is a faithful to the Cross under severe persecution, commission from God. No evangelism is possible when tied naked to cryptomeria trees in the cold merely from the standpoint of comparative reli- snow, or imprisoned in their homes for five or ten gions or of the evolutionary theory of civilization. years because of their faith. It is because they It is not for "comparative religions" that Elijah are convinced that the Love flowing from the and Elisha suffered! For such it would not have Cross is the absolute Love that these young peo- been necessary for Elijah to struggle on Mount ple are fighting with their very life-blood.

Carmel, or to appeal to God on Horeb. Where can Loss of a Militant Spirit the motive for foreign missions be found, and how can energy be expected to well up and overflow 2. Again this book seems to have forgotten that except as proceeding from a sense of absolute com- the religion of Jesus was the religion that drove mission from God'/ There would have been no out the money-changers and the sellers of sheep • From a statement sent out from Japan giving Dr. Kagawa's re- and cows from the temple. If Jesus had followed action to "Re-thinking Missions." the methods taught in this book, He would not [499 ]

have been crucified, probably. This book leaves this fact, we are compelled to scatter over the the impression that Buddhism, Mohammedanism whole world with a revolutionary spirit. Weare and Brahmanism, equally with Christianity, are compelled to preach this Good News on all pos- at odds with their common foes in the material- sible occasions and in all possible places. But isms of Marx, Lenin and Bertrand Russell. It when this Cross-revolution spirit slackens, we for- teaches that all religions must unitedly fight get the many unoccupied fields, and lose zeal for against materialism. But why is materialism so evangelism. We must again awaken to Christian strong in the Orient? It is because Buddhism internationalism, forgetting skin-colors, nationali- itself was originally atheistic. Buddhism does not ties and language differentiation. Marx avers teach love, but individualistic contentment. If that to the proletarian there are no national bar- the religion of the Cross had been well rooted in riers; and certainly there should be no national Japan, there would have been no space left for boundaries to the Christianity of the Cross ….. .

materialism to come in. To the early Christians, there were no national Until they awaken to absolute Love, people may boundaries. Those who forget the Cross, lose the be contented with Buddhism, Mohammedanism or power to cross the Hellespont! ….. .

Brahmanism; but those who have grasped the Forsaking the Pioneering Spirit reality of the Love of God discover the necessity of redemption. Such of us as are awakened to 4. In the fourth place, this book seems to forget this religion feel the need of fighting against the the necessity of pioneering in unoccupied terri- world's evils. An atheism, like Buddhism, which tories. There is nothing more foolish than evan- rails at Christ and ridicules Christianity because gelism, if we begin to reckon it in money terms it stands for internationalism and loves the labor- (1 Cor. 1: 21), though even at that the "foolish- ing classes, cannot be considered to have the same ness of preaching" is more economical than the value as Christianity. folly of war! Because they were obsessed with This Report is shot through and through with this foolishness of preaching, Livingstone gave his "'liberalism." It attempts to deal with communism life to Africa, Hudson Taylor suffered in China, and capitalism, all in the same way, from the and Judson fell in Burma. Compared to the hard- "liberal" standpoint. Such a treatment may be ship of their days, we of the present times lack admissible if the "liberal" standpoint can solve the the spirit of adventure. That does not mean that world's problems; but while capitalism is chain- the Gospel has really been preached to the ends ing many thousands of young men in prison, and of the earth. Even in Japan few places are be- producing millions of unemployed, can we be con- ing reached as yet. Only five percent of the eleven tented with such lukewarm propositions? Ought thousand villages are even touched by Christian we to be so lenient with capitalism? Was it not evangelism; no one has yet reached the fishing Christ who said, clearly, "One thing thou lackest"? villages or most of the laboring class. In the face Having put our hands to the plough, we cannot of such conditions this book on "Re-Thinking Mis- turn back. We cannot regard capitalism, social- sions," with its call to retrenchment, may have ism and atheistic communism as all in the same some unexpected value as a negative stimulus, to category. . . . .. While atheistic Buddhism is com- arouse us again to evangelize even unto death!

promising with public prostitution, and poly- We must work harder to establish the Kingdom of theistic Shintoism with militarism, can Christ on God for which Christ died.

the Cross keep silent? "There are many good religions in other coun- No religion but the Cross-religion has the power tries, Christianity is also good; but let Christian to save the world. We must be more militant. missionaries return home as soon as possible"- (2 Tim. 2: 3-4.) when they say that, it tastes like salt that has lost 3. In the third place, since this Report has for- its savor. One wonders why the missionaries ever gotten the Cross, it still differentiates between came out in the first place! Mere survey-mission- "home" and "foreign" missions. But does not aries might be ready to return soon, but mission- Christ belong to all nations? And is not the Third aries who came to preach the Cross should endure Internationale of Moscow meanwhile engaged in unto death.

a great propaganda movement and promoting a The evangelization of unoccupied fields cannot new world revolution? . . . .. We who belong to be carried on merely from the point of view of Christ should possess a stronger international economics. When it forgets the Cross, the evan- spirit, and should give ourselves to the propaga- gelistic spirit shrivels, loses its militancy against tion of the Christ-spirit, forgetting the distinction evils, and its courage to go out to remote places between "home" and "foreign." ….. . searching for the one lost sheep. No matter how The only way to the happiness of the whole hu- high the waves nor how dangerous the storm, the man race, is for it to awaken to the complete con- life-ship is launched; nor can its efforts be eval- sciousness of the Love of the Cross. As we grasp uated in dollar terms.

THE CROSS IN CHRISTIAN MISSIONS

5. This Report has forgotten the Gospel of re- though there may well exist various brotherhoods pentance. within the one catholic organization.

One of the things that astonish me in this book It is true that there are many hidden followers is that the foreign missionary is urged to be con- of Christ at present, like Nicodemus and Joseph nected with the European and American business of Aramathea in His time, who do not yet come to men in the Orient (p. 251). There may be excep- Church. In Elijah's day there were seven thoutional cases, but in general, Western commercial sand such; but we must demand as a standard men in the Orient have been a great hindrance to such strength of conviction as will enable all to the Christian movement. William Carey could confess Christ clearly before God and men, even not enter India because the business men pre- in the face of persecution and the Cross. And no vented his doing so; and Christianity could not matter how faulty the Church may be today, we make headway in India at that time because the must ask God's forgiveness for that weakness, policy of the East India Trading Company had and endeavor ourselves to love this body of Christ, aroused the anger of the Indian peoples. Chris- the Church, which has been guarded and pretianity fails to spread in China today because the served by our predecessors for nineteen hundred Chinese cannot forget the British opium war and years. I do not think of the Church from a super- British opium traders. In general, the main rea- ficial point of view. I regard it as a brotherhood son why Christianity makes little progress in the based on the Cross. As such it has a history, and Orient is because the business men, and the gov- as such we must continue its existence in the fuernments of the countries from which the mission- ture. To be sure there may be the impotence of aries come, are acting in direct opposition to the the clergy to deal with, and the lack of economic teachings of Christ. organization to hinder it; but forgiving such shortcomings, we must endeavor to reconstruct The Asiatic races cannot forget the long his- the Church and make it a love-organization. tory of Oriental invasions on the part of the white races. No matter how lavishly schools may be Lack of Vision built and. philanthropies conducted, the Orientals cannot believe from the bottom of their hearts in 7. In the seventh place, this book lacks idealthe religion of those who carry the sword in one ism. It lacks the flaming enthusiasm to Chrishand and the Bible in the other. The great rea- tianize the whole world. The trend is towards reson why the development of Christianity in Japan trenchment, rather, except in the rural districts. was retarded was because Spain and Portugal in- But if motley is lacking now, there are many ways vaded the Orient; nor can the Japanese people to work without it. Russia carried out a Fiveeven yet forget the revolt against the Japanese Year Plan without money, and after that a second Government on the part of the Japanese Roman Five-Year Plan. The apostle Paul was restrained Catholics of three hundred years ago ….. . by the Holy Spirit from going to Ephesus, but he made a great detour and reached it by way of The book does not demand repentance. If Greece and the sea. A plan of world evangelism Christianity is the innocuous thing this book rep- must inevitably involve changes; but it is against resents it to be, perhaps there is no need for re- the purpose of Christ to retrench! If there is no pentance. But the fact is that both the Orient and money to support missionaries, let us get together the Occident do need to repent. Jonah fled from and start many Gospel schools and thus create lay the call to preach repentance to Ninevah. Shall leaders; and continue doing so for many scores we Christians of the twentieth century seek to of years. There is need now to set up such agescape the necessity of preaching repentance to gressive constructive planning. Why not start our materialistic civilization? occupational evangelism on a world-wide scale? When even the Rotary Club has an occupational 6. In the sixth place, I am dissatisfied with the fraternity as wide as the world, why cannot those place this book gives to the Church. The idea of who belong to Christ achieve such constructive "Christian fellowship" is good, but why not call planning? that "the Church"? I believe we must strive after the unity implied in Christ's command to Peter 8. In the eighth place, this book has unforin Matthew 16: 18. The weakness of the Chris- tunately no vision of the Christianizing of the tian movement today is because the liberalists are economics of the Oriental countries. Weare not unified among themselves. Although this re- aware, both in China and Japan, that there is no port teaches humanism, and humanitarianism, way to save the laboring classes except through and church unity, forgetting creeds and denom- the cooperatives. And we believe that the moveinations-why does it go on to say that it is all ment of Christian Love has the possibility of ecoright to have separate fellowship outside the nomic realization only through these cooperatives. Church? That is inconsistent. Those who have If the Christians of the world will engage in experienced the Christ-Love of the Cross ought to gather themselves together into one Church,

world-wide cooperative movements, and plan in- ceed in a wonderful, mysterious manner. The ternational trade through the cooperatives, and Holy Spirit makes them successful. No evanalso educational cooperatives and mutual aid co- gelism is possible without prayer. The prayeroperatives, war will cease to exist. . . . .. Even the answering God leads on through His Holy Spirit. communistic movement will be powerless in the face of such a cooperative Christian movement. I am grieved to find that this Report is written The strength of the Marxism, Leninism and Ber- economically rather than religiously. It does not trand Russellism of today is derived from the anti- inspire me. And evangelism is impossible withreligionism aroused by the economic struggle for out inspiration. Those who wish to retreat had existence. Therefore only through the economic better do so; but let others who have been led by readjustment afforded by the cooperatives shall the Holy Spirit continue to cross the Pacific Ocean, we be able successfully to combat and annul such bearing the Cross of Christ. The Kingdom of "isms." ……. God Movement in Japan is not yet completed. The harvest is plenteous but the laborers are few. 9. In the ninth place, this book is very indif- I am still rising for prayer at midnight. This ferent towards the evangelistic work with which present age is evil. The age of Nero was also the missionaries are so deeply concerned. Its evil. But Christ's teachings at length conquered writers paid much attention to academic educa- the Roman Empire. Machine civilization is detion, but seem to have forgotten that evangelism plorable. But I am convinced that the Good News is an important variety of social adult education of Love through the Cross of Jesus Christ will and religious education. Academic education lead the Orient and the whole world into the alone is not the whole of education. Tent meet- light ….. . ings, street preaching, etc., are also social education. Foolish as this sort of evangelism may ap- I deplore the impression left, after reading the pear, it has achieved wonderful results in the book, that it lacks a supernatural basis. Can those Orient (1 Cor. 1: 18-25). In India there may be who think of continuing the movement started in some who object to it, but it was the method of the Book of Acts attempt to do so without the help Jesus Christ, and one of the ways by which Chris- of the Holy Spirit? …. " I repeat. Let us again tianity spread into the whole world ….. . meditate on the Cross, forgetting the distinction between "home" and "foreign" and endeavor to We must return to our pristine enthusiasm for save the last soul in the whole world. evangelism (Luke 10: 20). Does not Acts begin with an enthusiastic account of how three thou- AN ADMIRAL'S TRIBUTE sand repented as a result of one sermon by St. Peter? We must have a child-like spirit and be The Fourth Sea Lord of the British Navy, happy over one soul that has found salvation. Rear-Admiral Geoffrey Blake, at a meeting of the L. M. S., speaking on "Peace-Time Where Is the Holy Spirit? Work of the Navy in the South Seas," said: 10. In the tenth place, this book does not advise "Before I went out to the South Seas I us to do mission work through the guidance and often heard people say that missionaries, genpower of the Holy Spirit. Jesus Christ sent out erally speaking, were a nuisance; that they His seventy disciples to evangelize without purse didn't do any good; and that they were very or scrip, without even extra sandals. They be- fond of poking their noses into other people's lieved in the guidance of the Holy Spirit. In their lives. I was particularly interested to go train followed the Moravian missionaries. The through these islands and make a study of John Williams missionary party, too, in the time the work these missionaries had actually of the Napoleonic wars, left London for the South done. Doubtless there has been one here and Seas on the same basis. If money is not forth- there who wanted to go too far or too fast, coming, then money is not needed! Have we not but I am convinced they have done an enordedicated our very lives to Christ? mous amount of good, and speaking by and large, I take off my hat to them." We do not want to make the business of rethinking missions a thinking in terms of retrench- Men like this, who know something of the ment; but rather a re-thinking of a new strategy magnificent work that has been done by misof attack, on the world-wide field. When there sionaries, might help to dispel some of the ceases to be money in America, then America may fog that beclouds the mind of so many people cease to send out its missionaries.· Nevertheless, regarding the work of these Gospel pioneers there must remain many young people who de- throughout the world. – The Evangelical sire to dedicate their lives to foreign missions Christian. without receiving such high salaries as are paid now. Those who are led by the Holy Spirit suc- Effective Ways of Working 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~,=,~==========================~,~~ GLEANINGS FROM THE SEASON'S CONFERENCES Summer is the harvest time then that we sense our supreme gives her talk on the goal asfor new plans, programs, ideas dependence upon God. signed to her month, then lights and inspiration. Despite the Visualization and demonstra- her taper at the Christ Candle sorrow at universal retrench- tion were prominent in all the and takes her place back of the ments in money and field forces, new plans. An excellent one altar. October stands first at the Department Editor was whose .details and goals are the right, November first at the heartened in the course of her easily adaptable to the varying left, December second at the personal surveys of missionary needs of denominational groups right, and so on, until the full conferences by noting the new is entitled glowing arc is formed.

rootage that the Christian faith Our Altar of Lights October enters to the singing of has taken in the soil of the economic depression. "Never has "Bringing in the Sheaves" and speaks The twelve candles, represent- on the first goal-securing the mis- there been a clearer call to ad- ing goals, are in the stewardship sionary magazine for reading during venture in faith," was the key- colors, and one candle is to be note of one conference the writer "lighted" (by pasting on an oval the autumn evenings, remembering attended. "A new world is in of flame – colored, iridescent the missionaries hungry for the in- spiration our books and magazines afford them, etc.

the making. A new Christian paper) each month as its goal November, advancing to the music is attained. Thus 0 c t 0 b e r of "Come, Ye Thankful People, social order is beginning. A majors on magazine subscrip- Come," represents the children of the new fellowship among the na- tions; November on the stew- Pilgrims in the spirit of Thanksgivtions is being born. Every of- ardship reading course or a mis- ing and lights her candle typifyin~ the consecration of prayer, personalficer, every member is called today to be a real adventurer in sion study class; December on ity and possessions. the cultivation of junior and December music is "Joy to the faith, to help in bringing these young people's work, etc. The World," its representative linking up changes to complete realization. display of the "Altar Lights …… With full reliance upon with the Christmas theme. She leads in the singing of "Holy Night" and God, confident in His leadership, Chart" (see illustration) at each lights her candle with the prayer that meeting is an inspiration to the we may pass its gleam on' undimmed looking beyond all immediate attainment of the successive to a little child who will prove a goals. light-bearer for the Saviour. hardships, trouble and pain, let us venture forth in 1933-34 with The following introductory January enters to "This Is My joy and hope, in faith, carrying Father's WorId" and speaks on the Service of Lights (summarized His Light to the world ….. . for brevity) was arranged by keynote of new resolves and fresh The return to fundamental prin- Mrs. Howard Le Sourd, Na- beginnings. ciples, and the facing of stark tional Secretary of Student realities, call for pioneer quali- February marches up to the strains ties-a courage undaunted and Work, for the first autumn meet- of "America," gives a patriotic-mis- sionary talk and lights her candle that the names of Washington and a spirit serene." Said the leader ing at which the plan was to be Lincoln may not perish from the of a meeting at which the plans initiated. Young w 0 men – earth, since their inspiration came were presented: "Let's just stop typifying pure, unsullied Iives- from the same Light. talking about our losses and the were the participants. March keeps step to "Faith of Our Fathers" and speaks of this being a depression and get energetically The service centers about an holy month in that we remember the altar, where a tall "Christ passion of our Lord and seek to catch to work this fall on the new Candle" stands with a copy of His spirit of self-sacrifice. the Bible lying on a rich cloth as year's plans." * The strands of April's hymn is "Rejoice, Ye Pure its foundation. Each imperson- in Heart." She pleads for the makthe great cable of faith, which ing of an offering in memory of the lifts humanity to each new level, are usually woven in seasons of ator, b ear i n g an unlighted greatest of all offerings which culloss and disaster; for it is only candle, enters from the rear of 'minated in the Resurrection. the congregation, passes slowly May, entering to "Shepherd of • From the methods manual and plans ex- up the aisle to music by a hid- Tender Youth," recalls the story of ploited at Lakeside, Ohio, at conference of den choir, then facing about, Creation so appropriate to springthe Cincinnati District of the Methodist time. She lights her candle in honor Episcopal Woman's Foreign Mission Society, [ 503] of mothers and daughters who have Christianity and Industry in Prayer that in this age of woman in a common purpose of making Christ industry she may still realize her live in the hearts of men. Americat ideals for home and family.

June, with "Following the Gleam," CHAPTER 4: WAGES, HOURS, AND THE Supplementary Suggestions: goes up to tell of the Light of the LIFE MORE ABUNDANT.

World on the altars of the homes in I. Early regulations of working I. Assignments for talks: this month of roses and weddings. II. conditions. (a) Our state's laws affecting July, to "0 Beautiful for Spacious III. Wages in the United States. Skies," advances to give her talk on IV. women and children in the larger patriotism. 1. Growth of a social con- industry. V. (b) Migrant women and child August brings "0 Day of Rest and science. Gladness" and explains how vacation VI. 2. Discriminations against workers. has also its opportunities for mis- VII. (c) The present status of the sionary service. VIII. immigrant workers. The Negro in American labor. Child Labor Amend- September keeps step to "Bringing ment. in the Sheaves" as appropriate to the Industrial trends in the South. (d) What do the women's annual mite box opening. She makes Labor's share in the national a pledge of service as she lights her and children's bureaus candle and closes the missionary cycle. income. of the Department of At this point the altar girls What Labor wants. Labor do for women Shorter work day and week. step down into the audience and Summary. and children in indus- try? Aitn: To discover adjustments neces- II. Compile a list of household sary to "the life more abundant" labor saving devices made each lights the initial candle for industrial groups. possible through industry.

held by the woman at the end of Devotional Theme: A Laborer and III. Write a biography of Grace Aba row (small tapers with card- His Hire. Deut. 24: 14-16; Lev. IV. bott.

board bases to catch the drip- 19: 33-35; Col. 4: 1. Arrange in parallel columns all the influences you can think pings being used for all guests) , Prayer for groups affected by condi- tions discussed; for those having of which dwarf child life in the end-woman lighting the next candle in her row and so on un- power to regulate working condi- America, and all which entil everyone holds a glowing rich it. tions; gratitude for progress to- ward justice. V. Readings from "Poems of Child Labor." (National Child La- light. Returning to the plat- Supplementary Suggestions: bor Committee, 215 Fourth Avenue, New York City.) form, the twelve girls lead the I. Make surveys of wages, hours VI. Play by ch.ildren, "Ruth's Doaudience in singing "The Light of work, racial groups, Negro nation Party." labor, etc., in your community. of the World Is Jesus," all CHAPTER 6: THE BETTER WAY. candles being elevated at each II. Report on recent and pending repetition of that phrase. legislation relative to the ses- I. The Awakening Public Con- sion's topics. science. At the conclusion of the last verse, the girls form a human III. Review of "To make my bread." II. Labor Unions. cross thus: The first sits cross- IV. Locate coal areas in your state III. Cooperation versus Conflict. legged on the floor, the second IV. The Church and Industrial kneels closely behind her, the and define the present relathird kneels on a stool and the tionships between owners and Questions. fourth stands, the chin of each workers. V. Experiments in Industrial Cocoming just above the head of V. Talks on "Provision for the Wise Use of Leisure," "From operation. the one in front. When com- Mountaineer to F act 0 r y Hand," etc. Aim: To face the problems and as- VI. Discussions: Should cap ita I sume the responsibilities involved in progressing td an industrial which employs labor and labor order based upon Jesus' principles which produces capital share pleted, Nos. 1-5 form the lower equally in the income? In a of service. portion of the cross, 10-12 the upper portion, 6 and 8 the left time of unemployment, is a Devotional Theme: Living the Abun- community justified in deport- dant Life. Luke 12: 15; John 10: arm, and 7 and 9 the right arm. ing unnaturalized Mexicans 10; Ephesians 3: 14-19; 1 Cor. 2: 9. Each girl holds under her chin to give employment to Amera small flashlight covered with ican citizens? In discrim- Prayer of thanksgiving for the thin white paper twisted to a church and the unchanging Christ. inating between naturalized point at the top. When all are and native citizens? Supplementary Suggestions: in place, No. 1 turns on her flashlight and repeats "I am the CHAPTER 5: WOMEN AND CHILDREN I. Make an investigation of Labor Light of the World"; No.2, Union strength and influence IN INDUSTRY. today. How account for the changes? I. From cottage industry to fac- tory. similarly, repeats "He that fol- II. The woman wage earner. III. The child wage earner. II. Before Chapter 6, formulate a IV. Legislation affecting women and loweth Me," etc., and so on with set of ideals or attitudes for verses about light until the children. a Christian society on induswhole cross is aglow. This hu- Aim: To get a true picture of women trial questions. Read the man cross stays perfectly mo- and child workers and of a Chris- chapter. Then compare your set of ideals with those of- tionless while the choir sings tian society's obligation toward fered by the Federal Council.

"The Way of the Cross Leads them. III. Secure from headquarters in- Home." The audience departs formation regarding your desilently without closing words Devotional Theme: Women and Chil- dren and the Abundant Life. Provo nomination's attitude toward or benediction. This may well 31: 10-31; Zach. 8: 5. social and industrial probbecome a service of deep consecration that will repay all the t From outline of study course as taught lems. effort of preparation. IV. Discussion Topics: by Mrs. B. P. Heubner at the Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, Interdenominational School of (a) What is the Christian's Missions. See September issue of THE RE· responsibility for so- VIEW for studies on Chapters 1-3, inclusive. cial legislation?

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

~up1lta1t of£t!]hts .

r, I (b) What is the spiritual re- over. This is as it should be differ from the needs of people living sponsibility 0 f th e in other countries? church in these times? among our "Builders of aNew What changes would you like to see World." Each denomination has (c) Would it be a step for- take place within the next ten years ward or backward for issued its own leader's manualfl that would contribute to the building the church to recom- mend specific mea s- for these books. The program of a Christian world? What will you ures and candidates? do about them? guide, Now East, Now West, How many kinds of imported goods (d) What hymns in you I' presented at the Disciples' con~ hymnal are out of date go to make up your attire? How socially? ferences for young people, be- many kinds of imported foods do you (e) Which, in your opinion, gan with the familiar poem, "In eat? List the countries that daily are modern in social provide you with food and clothing. thinking? Christ There Is No East Nor Do you think Christianity is of suffi- West," and included in its fea- V. List specific ways in which cient importance to make it worth your "abundant life" is af- tures two of especial interest. A sharing with others? Write two or fected favorably or adversely by industrial conditions. personal question or problem three reasons. appeared at the close of each Another outstanding feature VI. Conduct a "Friendship Tour." month's program page, with a of this program guide was its (Must be carefully prepared blank space in which the young "Book of the Month" page on for, conducted and followed person was asked to record pre- which was listed an outstanding up.) vious to the meeting his ideals, volume related, in most cases, to attitudes or ideas on the ques- the theme of each month. If the VII. Thought suggestion: What can tion. These questions were to member had already read a I do to help realize the Chris- form the basis of discussion in given book, he or she was in- tian goal in industry? (Put the meetings, after which fur- structed to check it and insert on paper.) ther notes might be written in the name of another in a space the space as an outgrowth of the provided, the goal being, "Every Conference Briefs service. Think that over and member reading at least one discover for yourself its sound book each month related to the It was cheering to note, in the mental and missionary psy- general theme." Think of the various study book presenta- chology. Some of the questions . effect of twelve constructive, intions, that the year's books for spirational books a year upon young people and seniors have were: no invidious "Home" and "For- What do you consider your funda- the missionary outlook of the eign" discriminations but dis- mental needs? In what ways do they future! cuss topics bearing upon the missionary enterprise the world

The United Lutheran helps plan was easily adj ustable to any to-the-minute information and for the younger children were material. It was intended as a news.

complete and impressive. The vehicle for introducing the new The leader closes by saying lessons for Beginners, called study books in so simple a dra- she hopes the books will be kept "Jesus' Friendly Helpers," were matic form that the smaller busy all the year, and that she based on the idea that little chil- churches and missionary or- proposes to put them into cir-· dren want to help because of ganizations would have no diffi- culation at once, all through the their desire to do, their love of culty in using it with limited audience. All volumes thus ex- companionship and their natural personal resources. The litera- ploited should actually be on tendency to imitate. The les- ture secretary might appro- hand to be loaned or sold at the sons were so prepared as to priately take charge and "show" end of the meeting.:j: guide and enlarge this desire the books. Mrs. E. C. Hayes, of Ottawa, until a really worldwide altruis- "Those representing the books Kansas, used a delightful plan tic motive should be developed, should file in and stand in a row called "The Northern Baptist the first training in missionary with their backs to the audience. Convention at Ottawa." At the service being to provide ways in Each one should wear a paper close of the Convention last which children can participate jacket made of plain wrapping June, she had the meeting place in doing good. "The first step paper, or colored paper if de- of the children's missionary orin missionary training," says sired. It can be very simply ganization in her church decothe manual, "is to cultivate a made-straight back and front, rated with pictures of people and habit of doing something for sleeveless and opening down the things that were features of others; and 'others' may be front. The name of the book that national meeting, and took plants, animals or persons. The should appear across the back the young audience on a tour of second step is to cultivate a in large colorful letters so that inspection, explaining as she habit of helping those smaller, it can be easily read. These went. Then the president of the weaker or poorer than ourselves. names may be printed in colored organization impersonated the The third step is to cultivate a crayons or cut-out letters of president of the Convention, habit of making everyone bright colored paper ….. When called the meeting to order, happy. Having accomplished the leader announces the name used the Scripture and songs of this, we shall have missionaries of a book, the person represent- the original program, etc. An- in embryo." This preparatory ing that book will turn and other member impersonated Dr. psychology for missions is worth speak, then turn again with her Abernathy, who had made the thinking about. back to the audience as soon as welcoming address, and gave his The next grade of lessons for she finishes. Thus the names of own version of the address, and young children had definite mis- the books will be constantly be- so on through leading features sionary themes but with an fore the audience. At the clos- of the great meeting. Needless abundance of handwork so used ing speech of the leader, the to say a considerable bit of the as not merely to amuse but to inspiration of the Northern Bapdeepen the impression of the 'books' will scatter through the tist Convention was thus car- audience and be seated. The ried over to the home comtheme. The third set developed names of the people participat- munity. in the children the sense of be- ing should not be announced." ing fellow workers with God, in ONE-MINUTE PROGRAM common with Christians all If desired, children dressed in TUCK-INS around the world; deepened costumes of the lands exploited their sense of stewardship by in beginners' and primary books What is the greatest obstacle making real their own definite may be included in the "book to missionary work in the Orishare and responsibility, and shelf." Each book, speaking for ent? America. suggested the fact that new itself, gives an attractive review of its contents. When but one When there are more nights friends of Jesus in distant lands book remains unintroduced, the of prayer there will be more often followed him more whole- leader says: "There is one days of power. heartedly than do Christians in other occupant of this shelf. our own land. This is a marked Down at the end of the row you Let us beware lest some of advance over former hop-skip- will see something done in black our sacrifices are like that of and-a-jump missionary meetings and white. What are you, any- the small boy who, when he was for the little folks. way?" Here a person in a asked what he would be willing newspaper or magazine jacket to give up during Lent, replied, The writer picked up a simple turns quickly and answers in "Watermelon." terms of whatever missionary dramatization called "The Book magazine is desired, saying that A lad, headed for a mission- ary meeting, was asked where Shelf" when browsing around at he was going. He replied: "I gave those folks a nickel last the Disciples' literature exhibit at the Lakeside Conference.

While incorporating the Amer- while the books are being read year and I wanted to find out ican Indian and Chinese themes and studied, she (the magazine) what they did with it." of last year's united study, the will be needed every month of :I The Book Shelf. Missions Building, Inmaterial was timeless and the the year to bring the most up- dianapolis, Indiana. Price, 10 cents. BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~~~I ===========================I~ A CALL TO PRAYER Mount the picture so that it Goes Out to All People may be stood on a table facing the audience. Arrange an ap- "Pray for the peace of Jerusalem propriate curtain in front of the They shall prosper that love Thee." picture so that it can easily be "If with all your hearts ye truly unveiled at the proper time. seek Me, ye shall ever truly find Me; Thus saith the Lord." Opening hymn: "Jesus the Very Thought of Thee" (Ber- You are invited to unite in a nard of Clairvaux). fellowship of prayer the world around on the Meditation: The leader may here direct the thought of the WORLD DAY OF PRAYER group to ideas centering around FEBRUARY 16, 1934 the appearance and character of Christ, or he may use the beau- "PRAY FOR THE PEACE tiful "Meditation Concerning the OF JERUSALEM" Nazarene" which can be secured by sending a three-cent stamp Pray-Prayer is consciously to to the Missionary Education enter God's presence; to speak Movement. to Him and to hear Him speak. After the leader closes the Pray for peace, peace in our meditation the pianist may play heart-Peace is the rich soil the music of "Majestic Sweet- in which all fair things grow. ness Sits Enthroned." After it "Whatever we think and feel will color what we say or do. has been played through once He who fears, even uncon- sciously, or who has his least "THE NAZARENE" the leader should say quietly little dream tainted with hate, "Let us all sing." While the first will inevitably, sooner or later, This remarkable new picture stanza is being sung draw back translate these two qualities of Christ by Colonel H. Stanley the curtain thus unveiling the into his action." "Blessed are Todd, distinguished American picture. If possible have an elec- the peace-makers": they are portrait painter, was dedicated tric light fixed so that its illumi- God's children. to the cause of missions at Chi- nation can be turned on the pic- Pray for the peace of Jeru- cago on July 16, 1933, while the ture as it is unveiled. salem- picture was on exhibition at the It is the hope of Col. Todd and Century of Progress Exposition. of the leaders of the missionary Our home town-The place Learning that the mission study enterprise that this modern con- we know best: the streets theme for the current year is ception of Christ may help us all that take us to our daily Christ and the Modern World, to take more seriously our rela- work: May peace dwell Col. Todd gave the reproduction tion to Christ and the modern there! rights of his picture to the Mis- world. In 2 Cor. 4: 6, St. Paul sionary Education Movement so writes, "Light shall shine out of The Holy Church through- that Nazarene, a great modern darkness" …… to give the light out the world. May the conception of Christ, might help of the knowledge of the glory of peace "That surpassed all rally the thought of the churches God in the face of Jesus Christ, our dreams" rest upon around this theme. the Church of God! shall we not today dedicate our- For a Worship Service it is selves anew to the glorious task The Program, "Pray for the suggested that you secure a large of making Christ live among Peace of Jerusalem," is 2 cents, reproduction of Nazarene (avail- men everywhere throughout this $2.00 per 100. This Call is free. able from Missionary Education modern world? The Poster (llxl7 inches) is 5 Movement, 150 Fifth Avenue, cents. Supplies should be or- New York, sepia 12×16 inches, . Strong Son of God immortal love, dered from headquarters of the fifty cents; 20×26 inches, one Whom we that have not seen Thy face, denominational mission boards. By Faith, and faith alone, embrace, dollar; 12×15 inches colored, Believing where we cannot prove.

$1.50) . -Tennyson.

[507 ] CHAUTAUQUA HOME MIS- tions in their separate mission Department 0 f International SIONS INSTITUTE enterprises. The Government is Justice and Goodwill of the Fed- ready to cooperate and the re- eral Council, gave a stirring ad- On Sunday afternoon, August sponsibility for the religious dress on "The Churches versus 13, the twenty-third Home Mis- education among the boys and the War System." sions Institute, directed by the girls is the responsibility of the Council of Women for Home Church. Another unique interdenom- Missions, opened at Chautauqua, inational adventure presented in N. Y. At the opening session in On the fourth day Mrs. Daniel the forum hours was the work Amphitheatre, Dr. F. Ernest A. Poling, President of the carried on in Santo Domingo. Johnson, Executive Secretary of Council, presented the national Mrs. Fred S. Bennett, President the Department of Research and scope of the migrant problem. of the Board for Christian Work Education of the Federal Coun- Mr. Thomas Chiavetta, Super- in Santo Domingo, related the cil of the Churches of Christ in visor of the town of Brant, N. Y., thrilling story of the develop- America, sounded the challenge where one of the migrant proj- ment of this work and showed that faces the Church today in ects is carried on by the Council, clearly the tremendous advanrelation to the great issues con- told concretely the problems of tages of its being carried on infronting the world. On the fol- the community and the problems terdenominationally. lowing days of the week various of the farmers in relation to the phases of the missionary enter- migrant families who are im- In the fourth forum hour misprise were presented and stud- ported for the harvest season. sionaries from the different deied. In the first hour each day Miss Edith E. Lowry, Secretary nominations brought the mem- Mrs. F. C. Reynolds, member of for the Migrant Work of the bers of the Institute into intithe Board of Trustees of the Council, described how a mi- mate touch with the mission task Woman's Home Missionary So- grant center is organized. With by telling the story of their ciety, Met hod i s t Episcopal this background in mind the pro- work in different areas. Church, led the mission study gram at a migrant center was class taking the book, "Christ demonstrated by a group of the In the last forum hour, Dr. and the Modern World," by Dr. migrant children who were Daniel A. Poling challenged the Hugh T. Kerr, as a basis for brought down from the migrant Institute with an address on study. The second period was center at Brant, N. Y., by Miss "Christian Citizenship." These the hour of worship. Dr. Miles Helen White and Miss Ruth Hall forum hours were outstanding. H. Krumbine was the Chaplain who were in charge of the center. for the week. Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, Chairman The following day the World of the Committee on Chautauqua Programs and Methods Day of Prayer was presented. of the Council, and formerly Mrs. J. H. Rush, of Canada, and President of the Council, reports The third hour each day was Mrs. Daniel A. Poling described that the Institute this year has devoted to programs and meth- this unique Day of Prayer as it proven exceptionally satisfacods for enlisting others in the is observed throughout the tory and profitable in every way, missionary task and was directed world in fifty-eight countries. with an attendance exceeding by Mrs. Mary D. White, Asso- The next observance falls on that of last year. ciate Secretary of the Congrega- February 16, 1934. tional Church Extension Boards. Prayer Seminar On the first two days the wide "Thou 0 Lord, pro v ide s t scope of the missionary task and A new feature of the Home enough 'tor all men with Thy the relation of young people to Missions Institute program was most liberal and bountiful hand; the task were under considera- the Seminar held in the early but whereas Thy gifts are, in re~ tion. afternoon. Dr. Carl August spect of Thy goodness and free Voss, pastor of the German favor, made common to all men, On the third day, Mrs. Fred Evangelical Protestant Church we (through our naughtiness, S. Bennett, Chairman of the of Pittsburgh, Pa., was the niggardship, and distrust) do Special Committee on Religious leader of this Seminar. It was make them private and peculiar. Work Directors in United States felt that this met a real need of Correct Thou the thing, which Indian Schools, presented the in- many who wanted a more con- our iniquity hath put out of terdenominational program car- centrated study of the mission order."-Meditation on Poverty ried on by the Council of Women task than is possible in the larger in "The Way of Light," by Howfor Home Missions and the group. ard Chandler Robbins. Home Missions Council. She called attention to the tremen- Forums WHAT WE NEED dous opportunity that was open to the Church for reaching thou- The forum hours held in the We do not need more intellectual sands of Indian boys and girls Hall of Philosophy were un- power; in the Government I n d ian usually stimulating. The first, schools in comparison with the on "The Church and the Eco- We need more spiritual power. relatively small number being nomic Crisis," was led by Dr. reached by the many denomina- F. Ernest Johnson. Dr. Walter We do not need more knowledge; W. Van Kirk, Secretary of the We need more character.

We do not need more law; We need more religion.

-Calvin Coolidge.

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

IX THE HALL OF RELIGIOl' AT THE CE:Tl'RY OF PROGRESS EXPOSITIOl'

The Home Missions Council the most interesting buildings on Presbyterian Church, U. S., Execuand the Council of Women for tive Committee. Home Missions have an exhibit the grounds and is drawing mul- Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., Board at the Century of Progress Ex- titudes of people. They swarm of National Missions. position in Chicago. into the building by the thou-· Reformed Church in America, Board While it is simple and inex- sands. Some glance for a mo- of Domestic Missions. pensive in set-up, it suggests the ment at its exhibits as they pass main lines of Home Missions through, but many hundreds Reformed Church in America, Womwork, and carries out the coop- each day stop to examine the ex- en's Board of Domestic Missions. erative idea. The pictures on the wall are illuminated. The Reformed Church, U. S., Woman's diorama of Migrant Work is dis- Missionary Society. played with lighting effects. Beautifully printed placards an- hibits and take such free litera- Church of United Brethren in Christ. nounce the names of the Councils and the thirteen cooperating ture as is provided. For Immediate Action boards and societies. The me- The following groups are cochanical model of one of the factories of the Goodwill Industries, operating in the exhibit: World Disarmament Campaign Ocwhich stands in front of the exhibit, serves to arrest the atten- American Baptist Home Mission So- tober 1-15. The organized peace forces tion of visitors. ciety. of the world are uniting in a cam- The Hall of Religion is one of Woman's American Baptist Home paign for disarmament which will Mission Society. culminate in a great World Disarm- Congreg-ational C h u r c h Extension ament Meeting at Geneva on October Boards. 15, the day before the opening of the American Missionary Association. World Disarmament Conference. This Evangelical Synod of North America. Geneva meeting will be preceded by a thousand disarmament meetings in Methodist Episcopal Church, Board Great Britain and France, and it is of Home Missions and Church Ex- planned to hold an equal number in tension. the United States. Participation in M~thodist Episcopal Church, Wom- this campaign is being urged by the an's Home Missionary Society. National Peace Conference. I Our World–wide Outlook ~I'='~====A=M=is=sion=ary~N~ew~spa=per=of~Cu=rre=nt ~Eve=nts=~==~~~ WESTERN ASIA There are approximately 8,000 "If there are disheartening Jews in Beirut, with little of the facts in the present situation, Working in Syria national and religious exclusive- there are also those which fill us ness which so often characterizes with joy and hope. Easter Day The Christian Alliance Mis- the Jews in other parts, and no in Bahrain was one of the hapsion has recently held a series of missionary is employed to work piest we have experienced. Four special evangelistic services in among them. The opportuni- converts from Islam were bap- Syria, an Egyptian evangelist, ties in this city are great. A tized ; one woman and three Mr. Barnaba, giving the mes- Call to Prayer was issued in young men." sages. Converts testified to 1932 by the Sub-Committee of their new faith in Christ in the the United Missionary Council. Dr. John Van Ess, of the same face of jeers and curses from "There are approximately 100,- mission, writes from Burah: opponents. The series closed 000 Jews in Iraq, 80,000 of with baptismal and communion whom are resident in Baghdad "It would have done you good service. alone, and no organized effort is to see in what a splendid spirit being made for their evangeliza- the native staff of our workers Among those converted at tion. There appears to be a took the omission of the April Ezra'a was a remarkable Mos- spirit of inquiry on the part of payment. There was not a murlem. The evangelist was obliged many of the Jews in this area." mur, but rather a sense of privito leave before this man was lege that they were called upon baptized. No one else was there No Depression in Turkey to share the burden. It is sigto perform the rite so he went nificant too, that in this month to the water, sang and baptized Paul E. Nilson, of Talas, Asia six Moslem converts have been himself. This man does not Minor, testifies to Turkey's baptized, and more are in prosknow how to read or write, but solidity. pect." others read to him, and the -The Christian Intelligencer. Lord gives him a remarkable In Turkey seventy-five per cent of memory in retaining important the people live in villages and farm. INDIA AND CEYLON passages. He has been arrested With the world suffering from the and taken to court three times, depression the rural population of Temples Opening to but he testifies in the court. Now Turkey is hardlly affected. True, "Untouchables" others are coming to him for in- there is no money, but there is food struction. -Alliance Weekly. for all, old clothes are patched again, A weekly paper, published in and everyone has a roof over his Poona to promote the abolition Jewish Missions in the Near head. For safety, sociability and wa- of untouchability, says that East ter the farmers live in villages of Hindu temples are being opened from 50 to 400 houses, from which to untouchables at the rate of 32 The Jewish Committee of the they go out daily to their fields, or- a month. Some of these have Near East Christian Council re- chards and vineyards. These produce been strongholds of opposition. ports that a group of those en- enough food so that a village can be During the five months ending gaged in or interested in Jewish shut off from the city without lacking June 17 about 160 temples were missionary work met in Jeru- for anything except luxuries. For- so thrown open and it is besalem to discuss questions con- merly each village produced its clothes lieved that this movement will nected with J"ewish evangelism. from cotton or wool. Almost every spread. A preliminary survey was made villager has a few sheep, goats and of all the types and groups of cows. Farm tools are very simple. Before and After Jews in Jerusalem and the vari- Since the farm produces little money ous attempts made to evangelize there is a yearly exodus during the Indian village surveys under them. There is a considerable four summer months of stone-masons, direction of the National Chrisamount of overlapping yet the plasterers and painters, who go to the tian Council reveal some intervarious agencies at work reach coast cities for work. Half of the esting facts. In one village a the majority of divisions of boys in our school come from such Hindu farmer, a Mohammedan Jewry-geographical, social, na- villages. They have no cash and poor schoolmaster, and six or eight tional and religious divisions. clothes, but good brains and bodies. important men were asked ques- The student class, however, was tions such as: "Do the Chrisfor the most part out of touch -Congregationalist. tians drink?" "Do they eat carwith any of the existing evan- rion ?" "Do they quarrel ?" Ingelistic agencies. Converts Take "Cuts" variably the a n s w e r came: Rev. B. D. Hakken, of the Arabian Mission of the Re- formed Church in America, sends encouraging news: [ 510 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

"They used to, before the teacher Christians from all Protestant denom- Old Testament stories published in 1932, all of which fill a need came." The teacher is a trained inations in the Telugu area. It was in- in the spiritual life of the Semas. worker who costs the mission deed an inspiring sight to see some fifteen thousand Christians, all seated only $5 a year, the rest of his on the groqnd, under an immense pan- – Watchman-Examiner. da!, listening with eager attention to maintenance being provided by the inspirational messages which Walked Seventy Miles to a the villagers and a small govern- came from the speakers of the meet- Convention ment grant. ings. Some of these people had come Who would be willing to walk -Watchman-Examiner. from five hundred miles distance, and seventy miles to attend a conven- many had walked more than seventy- tion? It is sometimes done in Untouchability Campaign five miles in order to attend. The speakers, seven of whom were Indians In seeking to lift the great un- and seven foreign, represented five India. A Baptist missionary, touchability campaign abo v e different denominations and came E. C. Erickson, of Sattenpalle, from seven different missions. The writes that 12,000 people atmere technicalities, and in em- unanimity of thought expressed tended the great Andhra Chrisphasizing the importance of through the whole session, and the moral reformation among the fellowship exemplified by such a gath- tian Convention at Bezwada in ering, made a deep impression upon Telugu country. This great outcastes themselves, Mr. Gand- all who attended. It cannot be gathering, with representatives hi is rendering great service to doubted that the fruit of this great from fourteen Protestant denom- gathering will be felt in the days to inations, demonstrated t hat India. He says: "I wish that in- come throughout the Telugu area, es- stead of engaging in fruitless controversy about what is and pecially in the lives of many who re- Christians can work side by side. consecrated themselves to God's servwhat is not contained in the ice. ' The convention hall accommo- Shastras about untouchability, dated the vast crowds and in adwe would apply ourselves to An Indian Juvenile Mission dition to the main hall there was ameliorating the conditions of Zion Church, Madras, has an a smaller one for 1,000 women. so-called untouchables. There is active Juvenile Missionary As- – Watchman-Examiner.

work enough and to spare." Con- sociation, whose membership is Training Village Teachers cerning the need of stressing alive to the opportunities of the internal reform among the out- day, and is applying itself to The Chapra Training School castes themselves, he says: for Village Teachers, which was "Workers should devote all their meet them. Since 1917 the As- begun by the churches and misenergy to (1) the promotion of sociation has been responsible for evangelistic and educational sions in Bengal, has now comcleanliness and hygiene among the Harijans; (2) improved work in a village school. pleted five years of work, and has a clientele covering most of methods of carrying on scaveng- Another recent venture is ing and tanning; (3) giving up among the criminal tribes near the missions in Bengal. A better Pannal, where work was initi- type of student is attending, carrion and beef, if not meat altogether; (4) giving up intoxi- ated by the Salvation Army but many having been in high school. cating liquors; (5) inducing discontinued through lack of The government now gives the stipend grant on a three-year parents to send their children to funds. About 150 families 'live basis. In April the 18 students day schools, and parents them- in the criminal settlement, and selves to attend night schools; the J. M. A. is starting a day went out to the village schools (6) abolition of untouchability school and a night school. They in the neighborhood, where they among outcastes themselves." propose to open another, for which land was purchased two worked with the schoolmasters It is hoped that Mr. Gandhi's years ago. A Christian engineer, and were visited two or three influence shall not so mislead In- Mr. Kuriyan, gives his spare times by the staff of the training dia as to result in strengthening idolatry. What the untouchables time to the leadership of this school. The experience was not really need is not the opportu- band of young people. only helpful to the students but nity of bowing down to an idol, enabled the staff to see how its -C. M. S. Outlook. teaching is put into practice.

During a part of the year stubut water to drink from India's A Wonderful Work in Assam dents went to a Christian home wells, right of entry for their One of the miracles of modern in the village of Chapra and conchildren into schools, social priv- mISSIOns is the evangelistic ducted meetings, and formed ileges, and the power of divine movement a m 0 n g the Sema Nagas of Assam. Rev. B. I. singing bands. grace to save them from lifelong Anderson, Baptist missionary, -National Christian Council evil habits. -Dnyanodaya. Review.

Telugu Christian Gathering writes that there is now a Chris- Child Protection in Ceylon tian community of more than From Miss Helen Bailey, Bap- 4,000, and that it is increasing The Child Protection Society tist teacher at Ongole, South In- at the rate of 500 a year. In publishes a quarterly bulletin dia, comes an account of a fifteen of the fifty-five villages and pamphlets in three vernacu- remarkable interdenominational there are now Christian work- lars for wide distribution among gathering of Telugu Christians: ers. A translation of the Gos- teachers, social workers and This spring there was held in pel of Mark and a new songbook newspapers. The Society dealt Bezwada a gathering of Telugu were published in 1931; also with 91 cases of cruelty during

the past year. The Bulletin de- Tent Evangelism General Assembly in Amoy scribes one of the evils which the Mr. Su, seller of Chinese and Dr. A. J. Fisher, Acting Gen- Society combats: foreign medicine in Yanghsien, eral Secretary of the Church of is a church member, a scholar, Christ in China, writes of plans In European countries it is the ex- widely read, and an original for the third General Assembly, eeption to find people of humble rank employing servants. In Ceylon cases repeatedly come to light of people thinker. From him came the to meet in Amoy, October 20, and living in sordid and poverty-stricken suggestion to form an evangelis- continue for ten days. Among surroundings being served by several tic project for South Shensi, to the special topics for considerawretched little children, who are half itinerate with a Gospel tent. On tion are self-support; stewardfed and unpaid. The first thing is to create a public May 30, thirteen Chinese and ship; youth in the church; Qpinion by making vivid the dreadful picture; cases of appalling cruelty one foreigner, with a large tent Christianizing the home; relimust be seen to be believed. Some of and all the paraphernalia needed gious education program; social for a stay in the country, set out, us need a lot of arousing before we betterment, looking towards a sit up and take notice of what is go- singing as they went. Preach- practical application of Chrising on around us, but the awakening ing and personal work round out tianity to social conditions as has to be done. a full day, and the first fruits they exist in China today; the Juvenile courts have not yet hold promise of a valuable work Christian weekly newspaper; been instituted, though the ques- in that district. tion has been submitted to the book of worship, hymnal, etc., Home Minister. -China's Millions. and cooperation in the face of -Anti-Slavery Reporter. the present crisis.

CHINA Witch Testifies for Christ Doctor Does More Than Heal Missionaries Evacuate Rev. Hollis W. Smith, of Lang- Dr. Thornton Stearns, pro- zok, sends the following story: fessor of surgery at Shantung British missionaries of the "In a village which contained Christian University, Tsinan, China Inland Mission have been fourteen Christian families a China, and a member of the staff compelled to evacuate their sta- non-Christian home became, to of the university hospital, retions in five cities in the Prov- all appearances, possessed of a cently held a retreat with about ince of Szechwan, China. This demon. Unaccountable things one hundred university students. was due, no doubt, to a recrudes- happened in the house. All were Of this, a Presbyterian evancence of communist activities, very much upset and unhappy. gelist, says: "It is a challenge similar to those which caused an This went on for some days, in to us who are in the ministry to evacuation of missionaries from spite of all that could be done in see this medical man winning the same cities last spring. a heathen way for peace. Finally souls all the time. His work a witch was called in to find out grew from two boys, three years -Alliance Weekly. what was the matter and the ago, to over a hundred and fifty." remedy if any. The witch came How to Save China and did her stuff. When she had -Presbyterian Advance.

A young Chinese student in finished her seance she reported Gospel Boat in Cochin-China the Hsien Beh Middle School of that there was a demon, all right, the United Norwegian Lutheran and to the amazement of all said Christian Alliance mission- Church at Fancheng was told to that the only remedy was the aries opened work in Cochin- write an essay on "How to Save Christian God. Her reason for China in 1918, and in 1929 China." His effort was so re- this was that their house was launched a chapel house boat, markable that Missionary Lan- shut in by the houses of Chris- called Tin Lanh or "Good News." dahl had it translated and the tians, hence the only place a An Annamese pastor became Lutheran Herald published it. devil could work was in their the captain of the Tin Lanh; After a well condensed review started off with a colporteur and of the t r 0 ubi e s of China, house. We were sent for and two other men for his crew. Up "brought on by internal dissen- after careful questioning ap- and down the Mekong and the sion and foreign oppression," pointed a service for enrolling network of rivers and canals, the family as enquirers. At this this Gospel ship has been plying the young patriot concludes: service the whole Christian com- "We all know that the politics of munity turned out. An enor- for four years. They visited 871 China, the hearts of the people, mous amount of superstitious homes during 90 days, preachare full of cheating, dishonesty paraphernalia was rem 0 v e d ing to thousands of people at and selfishness. Hence you must from the house and burned; night. One hundred and fiftyhave your bad hearts changed to Christian pictures and texts eight Bibles, New Testaments good ones so that you will be were put up instead. Now one just, righteous and faithful. and Gospel portions were sold, and 251 booklets. One hundred Jesus alone can do that for you. more family is peaceful, and and forty-eight people accepted Come to Jesus, confess your sins, under regular instruction for Christ; a church has been orbelieve His Word. Then we can membership in the Christian ganized and other groups meet save China by using God's Church. regularly as a result of this boat force." -Southern Churchman. work. -Alliance Weekly.

1933J OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

JAPAN-CHOSEN Sunday schools, and there are I believe that unless we have a mu- "Widely Loving Society" about sixty children in the kin- When Jitsunosuke Kobashi, tual aid cooperative movemeN.t it will dergarten. Weekly preaching be difficult to secure world peace. services and Sunday schools are There are four kinds of pacifists: (1) held at Ishibashi and Mikuni, The sentimental pacifists. They are who died on June 19 at the age near-by towns, and there is an- emotional. They don't like to fight. of sixty, was baptized with his other Sunday school at Naka- I like that kind of sentiment. But elder brother by Bishop Williams machi. They also carryon work they are very individualistic and fail of Japan over forty years ago, at Juso, where there are thirty- to see through the social turmoil. (2) nine members and a Sunday The moral pacifists. Conscientious they used all of their property school of forty-six. objectors belong to this class. I like to start the "Widely Loving So- -World Outlook. them very much. They are couraciety" Orphanage for baby orphans and children thrown away geous. But their standpoint is in- dividualistic also. (3) Rational pac- ifists. Such are the promoters of the by their parents. Today there The Suicide Epidemic League of Nations, the World Court, are between one hundred and etc. These movements come from ra- The suicide epidemic has de- tional idealism, which unfortunately one hundred and fifty children veloped, according to Japanese in the Orphanage. They are kept lacks economic foundation. (4) Eco- nomic pacifists. Most of the wars of until old enough to work for police records. Since the first the nineteenth and twentieth centuries arose from economic causes. Unless their own living. Those who of this year 43 persons have thrown themselves into a vol- we attain to permanent peace in the have gone out have made a splen- cano's crater. The estimate vf realm of economics, it will be imposdid record, bearing testimony to sible to secure social welfare and the strong Christian influence of one Tokyo newspaper is that world peace. If we Christians do not the Home. more' than 200 have committed move toward the cooperative idea our suicide in 1933. The Japanese Some children of a mountain theory of life which sponsors position will remain very theoretical. district of northern Japan, or- Only through Christian idealism will the cooperative movement come to its phaned by a disastrous earth- these weird proceedings, as one own. quake, were brought to the newspaper puts it, is something Home, and when they grew up like this: "A trip to the far, far Comparative Religions went back to their homes. away land of eternal bliss, there To the question whether or not Bishop Tucker, at that time a to live in ceaseless ecstasy, un- all religions were impotent in missionary in Japan, took a long molested by petty jealousy and such a crisis as the Sino-Japajourney to that far-off district worldly cares, is, in its early, nese controversy a Chinese Y. M.

and there found a whole chain of crude and simple form the idea C. A. secretary in Tokyo replied: little churches started and reg- of suicide." This newspaper is "N0 group of Japanese Chrisularly served by these former endeavoring to prove that there tians has donated a 'patriotic inmates of the Widely Loving is nothing beautiful in plung- airplane' to its military leaders Society Orphanage. ing into the pit of a crater; that for the sake of bombing China, -Southern Churchman. death is gruesome, not beautiful, as the devotees of other religious Steady Growth and that there can be no eternal sects have been doing extensively peace in such a course of action. of late." This observation points to the need for strengthening In 1922 the nucleus of a prom- -The Christian Graphic. Christian missions in a militaryising work was found in Toyo- minded country not one per cent naka. In a rented room Sunday Baptist Work Consolidated of whose population is as yet school and preaching service's Christian. In his inauguration were held. Time went on and The Northern Baptist Mission address, Dr. Y. Abe, new presifirst a lot was purchased, then in Japan has practically lost its dent of Aoyama Gakuin Methplans drawn for a church. The identity as a mission, having odist College in Tokyo, saw fit to Southern Methodist Mission sold entered closer relationship with place loyalty to Christ before some property in Osaka and the Japanese organization. An loyalty to fatherland. granted Yen 1,500 from the pro- Executive Board has been orceeds, the congregation putting ganized on which there are nine -Christian Century. Japanese and three missionaries. into the building Yen 4,200 All general work is now their Good News from Korea (twice their promise). Later responsibility. Mr. and Mrs. H. they bought another piece of B. Benninghoff and Mr. and Mrs. Fruits of the Forward Moveland and erected a kindergarten J. F. Gressitt were among those ment are noticed in a deepened building without help from the honored for having completed interest in Bible study among twenty-five years of service. the students, in evidence that the mission. The next move was to Scripture is being discussed add more land and build a par- -The Christian Graphic.

sonage. Kagawa's Pacifism around family dinner tables, and They have today, after ten in the increased attendance at years, Yen 35,000 worth of prop- Writing in the United Church the Bible Institutes. One young erty, in a church, kindergarten Review for June, Toy 0 h i k 0 man, having read the booklet, and parsonage, with 338 tsubo Kagawa has this to say on "Co- "The Life of Christ," through so of valuable land. Church mem- ope rat ion, Christianity and many times that he could almost bership is 156, with 214 in the World Peace": recite it, sought the nearest

church and astonished everyone and articles embodying the pur- out these mountain tribes, and with his knowledge and zeal. In pose and desire of the Society carry the Gospel to them. distributing tracts along coun- have been written and adopted. R. A. JAFFRAY. try roads, one is surprised with Pledge cards have been distribthe eagerness with which they uted and a systematic monthly A Philippine Precedent are received and at the favor- income assured. The money is For the first time in history, a able attitude. One young man primarily for extending the Gos- set of official stamps for use on thanked the itinerator and asked pel. It is expected that the letters has been printed by a govif he would not come to his vil- membership will include outlying ernment department, the profit lage and preach to his father. branches – especially from the on which is to be paid over to a These experiences are frequent. other mission fields where Chris- religious organization in recog- Five colporteurs conducted a tian Alliance missionaries are nition of the help given by miswhirlwind campaign on the working. -The Pioneer. sionaries to the country. This island of Vllong Do and scat- is in the Dutch East Indies, tered the VVord throughout the Latest News from Bali where the government has island. A young man there, printed four sets of stamps visiting a friend, found a por- Since the report that 105 Bali- which are sold at a small addition of the Scriptures and after nese had been baptized, the Chi- tional fee, for the help of Salvareading it asked his friend where nese missionary, Rev. K. F. tion Army work among lepers he could find some one to teach Tsang, has baptized another 130. and beggar boys in Java and him more of the Jesus way. One Approximately 300 are ready Sumatra. The stamps have picof the missionaries happened to for baptism. This has aroused tures of the Army at work in difbe passing in company with the opposition, which takes various ferent ways, and are cancelled at helper and this friend called him forms. Christians are boy- the post offices with a stamp urgin where he found a heart pre- cotted, Hindu landlords refuse ing the public to buy "Salvation pared for the message of salva- to rent farms to converts, cut off Army stamps, and so help the tion. It reminds us of Philip their water supply and even re- work in our land." and the Ethiopian. In another fuse them burial for their dead. village on this island where the -Philippine Evangelist. -Alliance Weekly.

church was small, the non-Chris- Southern Suxnatra NORTH AMERICA tian men of the village asked that the evening meetings be held in In the whole of Southern Su- Hundred Thousand Dollar Club a large school building in order matra, south of the equator, that they also might attend. Palembang is the only city witl1 The Southern Baptist Conven- After the meeting they asked a resident missionary. A Dutch tion has launched the "Hundred permission to attend the morn- pastor works among his own Thousand Dollar Club," whose ing Bible study hour which was countrymen and there is a Meth- members pledge to contribute arranged especially for the odist mission with a thriving one dollar each month, in addi- Christians. Some twenty men English school. Mr. and Mrs. tion to their regular contribuand women gave in their names Griffin, under the auspices of the tions, until the debts are paid. as deciding to believe. There are "Couriers" of Chicago of which The money will be distributed to evidences everywhere that the Paul Rader is president, are the several institutions, boards seed is bearing fruit. Not only opening work in Lahat, of South and agencies in ratio to their are add i t ion s to existing Sumatra. This makes an ideal debt needs. If the plan is genchurches reported but old groups spot from which to cover this erally adopted and succeeds it are being revived and new whole untouched field. will bring in $1,200,000 in groups are being established. twelve months. The hospital reports eleven new Besides the regular Malay groups as being established dur- population, well intersprinkled -Christian Advocate. ing the year, eight of which have with Chinese, there are in some already built their church build- of the remote parts of the island, New Home Mission Technique ings. -Faiku Station Report. aboriginal tribes which have never been reached; wild un- In his report to the Church ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC civilized tribes, very shy of Extension Boards of the Congre- other races. They are animists gational Churches, General Sec- A Native Missionary Society and have not yet been affected retary Ernest M. Halliday fore- by the doctrines of Islam. The sees three changes in home mis- Indische Zending Bond is the Malay people are large, Moham- sion technique: medan in name, and the Chinese (1) More interdenominational coop- are plain heathen. Neither the eration for the achievement of our Malays nor the Chinese of these task. At present we are hampered by self-chosen name of a mission- parts of Sumatra have ever had ary society organized this year a meager program spread over too in Makassar, Dutch East Indies, wide an area. There is no justifica~ with about 60 active members. tion for competition between home missionary churches. (2) Combining the forces of dif- The officers are all mature men, a witness of the Gospel. Mr. and ferent denominations for carrying recognized as leaders among Mrs. Griffin (who was Miss out certain united enterprises. This their own people. A constitution Rader) are planning to search may be a geographic unit such as

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Alaska, or an ethnic unit such as the and Dorland-Bell School, Hot present. A Bible school was Spanish-speaking work in the South- Springs, N. C. west, or a logical unit such as special- -Presbyterian Banner. opened at Miraflores, suburb of ized city and rural activities, or a Lima. -Alliance Weekly.

service unit as in the case of the min- Is Union Assured? Neglected Lepers istry to the farm and cannery migrants. . The proposed organic union of Very little is being done by the Reformed Church in the missions, either Catholic or Prot- (3) Effective popular appeal by the United States and the Evan- estant, for the lepers of Latin adaptation of the newest developments gelical Synod of North America, America. In some towns and seems assured in view of the ac- villages almost the entire popin visual and oral presentation, such tion taken. Nineteen of the ulation is leprous. Brazil has twenty districts of the Evan- the largest number of lepers, as the moving picture, the phonograph gelical Synod of North America probably 75,000. Chile has no have approved the plan. Final lepers, due to its natural isolaand the radio. action on union will be taken at tion from tropical countries by -The Congregationalist. the meeting of the General Con- desert and mountain barriers, ference in Cincinnati, October 3 and to the rigid care of immigra- A "Code" for Churches td 10. In the Reformed Church, tion officials. the General Synod at its meeting Since codes are now the order in Akron, 0., in May, 1932, unan- Brazil has set an example in of the <il.ay, they may be expected imously approved the plan and "health consciousness" and other to appear in the Church. One referred it to the Classes. Dr. governments are gradually fallsuch was suggested at the Luth- J. C. Leonard, secretary of the ing in line, but the problem is eran Laymen's League in Chi- Reformed Com m iss ion on complicated by number of differcago. Professor Walter A. Maier Church Union, states that 49 of ent governments involved. of St. Louis Concordia Seminary, the 59 classes had approved the outlined a seven-point program plan of union, two had done so -Without the Camp. as follows: conditionally, two had rejected EUROPE 1. To renounce all interference and competition with the partisan, polit- Slavery Abolition Centenary ical polls of state and national legislatures.

2. To disavow all attempts of competing with the theatrical interests and refuse to compromise the spiritu- ality of the Church by bids for no- the plan, and six classes are yet In Hull, England, birthplace toriety. to be heard from. of William Wilberforce, was celebrated on July 23, the cen- 3. To repudiate all gambling, lot- LATIN AMERICA tenary of the abolition of slavery tery and other games of chance.

4. To abstain from misrepresenta- tion in statements affecting the Rapid Growth in Puerto Rico by the British Parliament, and Church. the liberating of 700,000 slaves, The Baptist church in Caguas, then held in British territory. 5. To stop the promotion of bigotry Puerto Rico, is rejoicing in a and intolerance. growing Sunday school. During A 'special service was held in the past few months the attend- St. Paul's Cathedral, attended 6. To disclaim all anti-American ance has increased from 450 to by representatives of the Antiand anti-social principles disintegrat- 623. At the Sunday night serv- Slavery and Aborigines Proing the home through easy divorce, ices the little church is more than tection Soc i e t y, the Church birth control and temporary marriage. filled, and every week several Missionary Society, the League people find Christ as their Sav- of Nations Union and members 7. To consider the needs of the man iour. The candidates' class has of the Wilberforce family. Inwhom the Church has forgotten-the an enrolment of more than 100. stances were given of rescued slave boys who had risen to imman troubled by the sin that modern – Watchman-Examiner. portant posts in the Church and churches have ruled out – in the world's era of greatest lawlessness, and to preach to him the message of salvation in heaven through Jesus Christ.

-Presbyterian Banner.

Volunteer Wtthout Salary Outstanding Gains government, in the administra- tion of agriculture, and in the The Presbyterian Board of The Christian and Missionary judicature. National Missions has been of- Alliance reports encouraging While slavery has been banfered the services, in their vari- gains for last year in various ished from Christendom, it is ous mission schools, of workers sections of South America. In said that there are still 5,000,000 who are willing to give their full Argentina there were 299 pro- slaves in the world. -Living Church. time in exchange for board and fessed conversions and churches room. These are young men and were strengthened. In Paraguay Religion in Switzerland women who were graduated this church membership was 108 at year from college and technical the end of 1932. Baptisms in Two Protestant churches in schools, and are prepared to take Chile were 143, an advance of western Switzerland have pub- up the work for which they have 46 over the previous year. In lished an autoist map of French volunteered. Some will be placed Peru's jungle hinterland per- . Switzerland and vicinity. These at Tucson Indian Training haps great blessing has resulted maps show 120 places where School, Escuela, Ariz.; Asheville from the daily noon-meetings worship may be attended, telling Normal School, Asheville, N. C.; where the Indians gather, some- the hours of service and whether Farm School, Swannanoa, N. C.; times as many as fifty being the service is in a State church

or free church. The free cir- 1. The Gospel of Jesus Christ con- the baptized Jews in relation to culation of these maps remind tains, for our country and for every the general discriminatory laws tourists of their responsibilities individual, the ultimate decision about against the Jews. Hitherto, conin attending divine service. life and death. The German S. C. M. version has not exempted Ger- is therefore determined to deliver the mans of Jewish descent from the The two Swiss church organi- message of God's claim on men. laws. zations have issued protests against the establishment of the 2. The German S. C. M. is based on Famine in Russia atheistic "Central" in Basel. the Gospel of Jesus Christ, as found The Roman Catholics have also in the Bible and witnessed to by the The Soviet Republics are not raised official protests against Church. finding their course smooth sailthis activity. All urge Chris- ing. Not only are their dissentian Swiss to organize a syste- 3. The German S. C. M. declares it- tions and rumblings of revoltmatic procedure against these ',If a member of the one Church of which led to the suicide of a forms of atheistic propaganda. Jesus Christ. It belleves its task to prominent Soviet official in the While the "Central" of the be that of educating its members for Ukraine – but the i r anti-God atheists has been tolerated, the service in the Church. It recognizes Five-Year Pro g ram cannot schools of Switzerland are not that it is called to share in the ecu- bring prosperity. In spite of allowed to offer prayer or sing menic task of the Church. censorship, reports of a terrible Christian hymns. famine are coming through press 4. Since the Church has to preach dispatches and from returning Italy's Postage Stamp the Gospel to all men, the German travelers. The Ukraine is one of S. C. M. addresses its message to all the most productive states and To celebrate the tenth anni- students, without distinction. yet it is one of the hardest hit. versary of the Fascist Govern- The grain crop is insufficient ment of Italy, Signor Mussolini 5. The German S. C. M. stands in and Russo-German fugitives rehas issued a series of new post- the midst of German national life in port that 4,000,000 deaths have age stamps, among them a de- a spirit of love and sacrifice. It is in been due to malnutrition in resign which has caused much whole-hearted agreement with all the cent months. Cases of cannicomment and opposition from healthy forces of our national life balism have even been brought the Vatican. and impresses on its members the duty up before Russian courts. The of preparing themselves for the serv- conditions in the remote interior The brown oblong 30 Centes- ice of their country. are said to be worse than in the imi stamp sets forth in the neighborhood of cities. Travcenter the open Bible standing The German S. C. M. is com- elers report that Russian guides on a pedestal, which rests on the posed of associations in the vari- are not permitted to take them wings of an eagle, symbol of in- ous German universities. In outside a definite route lest they spiration. On the open page of spreading the Christian message see and report the conditions of the Book is inscribed the word the movement takes its stand on unspeakable misery. Neverthe- "Evangelium." On the lower the Bible and forms a strong fel- less some photographs are shown part of the stamp is the word lowship. It is open to all stu- of starving children and adults "Credere"-Believe. In the rear dents who definitely express a who are too weak to work and of the open Bible is the Cross, sincere desire to hear the Word are therefore refused rations or not the crucifix. On the left, be- of God, to take part in the life food cards. In some villages it fore the Bible and the Cross, are of the Association, to follow its is reported that half the populathe flags of Italy and the em- leaders, and to collaborate in its tion has died. The Christians blems of the Fascist regime, tasks. naturally suffer even more than lowered in salute. the godless on account of Soviet We believe readers will be in- discrimination. All the facts The circulation of this stamp terested in the positive affirma- cannot be obtained as the Soviets in Italy will preach a great ser- tion of faith in the above con- publish no true reports and mon to the people, who have stitution particularly in the face newspaper correspondents are been taught that the Bible is a of the present church struggle greatly restricted in their freeclosed book to all but the priest- going on in Germany. dom. hood of the Roman Church. The plain cross sets forth the Christ Hebrew-Christians in Germany Baptists Executed By Soviets of the Cross, rather than the Cross of Christ. The Dictator According to a news item ap- La Renaissance has the folof Italy is granting entire free- pearing in the Jewish Daily Bul- lowing: "According to informadom for the wide circulation of letin there have been some 30,000 tion gleaned from the Rostov the Scriptures in Italy. intermarriages in Germany dur- Press, there were, at the begin- ing the past twenty-five years. ning of January, 24 Baptists -Evangelical Christian. During the same period some sentenced to death there. They 25,000 Jews came into the Prot- were accused of 'assisting par- The German Student Christian estant Christian faith in Prussia tisans who had revolted against Movement alone. This does not take ac- the Soviet Government, and of count of Jews who went over to At a recent national meeting Catholicism or of Jews who acof this Movement the following cepted the Christian faith in secconstitution was adopted: tions of Germany outside of Prussia.

The Jewish Daily Bulletin also says that the Protestant Church of Germany, under its new Nazi leadership, will study the ques- tion raised as to the position of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

procuring prOVISIOns and am- sellite" propaganda, who call the lowing tbe dedication ceremony, munition for them.' The trial was conducted with numerous Christians to come out from the a memorial tablet to the late witnesses; all the Rostov workmen visited it. The sentence was churches, "because they are full Chief Khama was unveiled by carried out three days after it was pronounced. According to of error." Chief Tshekedi. information received from Mos- -South African Outlook. cow, another trial has been A third enemy in this part of started at Rostov against 53 Baptists belonging to villages in West Africa is the secessionist the Northern Caucasus. The sentence has been decreed be- "African Church" which was MISCELLANEOUS forehand by Moscow. The accused carry themselves with founded many years ago by peo- Some Leper Statistics great dignity. They do not give ple who were unwilling to give anybody away, do not answer the wrathful shouts of the Tche- up the practice of polygamy, and The following summary comkist judges; they only pray who yet chafed at the fact that piled from returns from fifty~ quietly and sing religious songs." accordingly they were not al- one different stations, in India, -London Baptist Times. lowed to bear office in the church. China, Korea and Africa, indi~ AFRICA In spite of all this the mass of cates some of the work done by New Field Open the Christian people are steady, the Mission to Lepers during John Hall, of the Sudan In- and adult baptisms into the the year, and the results. terior Mission, has labored seventeen years among the Tangale Church from Ekiti alone, though Patients under treatment for people of Nigeria, and has given them the New Testament in less than in 1931, were in 1932 not less than three months.. 7,742 their own language. He writes Number of above who much that the seemingly impenetrable nearly 1,200. improved …………….. 2,603 walls of Moslem opposition in Northern Nigeria to the Chris- Number slightly improved. . .. 2,472 tian Gospel have at last been broken down. "With the great An Indian Mission to Africa Cases arrested without deformneed here in Tangale, and our ity, i. e., symptom free. . . . . . 762 own personal interest in it, our wildest fancy could not have A project for sending a mis- Cases arrested with deformity. 366 foreshown a call from God to sion to East Africa is being conleave it and engage in the new, sidered by the National Mission- Of the remaining cases, some fear-inspiring task of Moslem ary Society, the aim being to evangelization. And yet the call send out Indian missionaries to became worse, or stationary, and has come." Five million Mos: build up that part of the Church a considerable number left or lems from which the mission- of Christ in East Africa which died. Five hundred and three of aries have hitherto been ex- is Indian. The General Secre- the cases arrested without de~ cluded constitute the new field to tary, Rai Bahadur A. C. Mu- formity were discharged and 62 which God is calling him and kerji, has prepared a draft plan of those arrested with deformity, into which the door is being In addition upwards of 3,650 opened. to send two evangelists to be sta- lepers were treated as out-pa.., tioned at Nairobi and Kampala, -Evangelical Christian. and working in surrounding tients. Where the attendances areas. It is proposed to open a were regular the results were Secessionists in Nigeria dispensary at Nairobi, in charge encouraging; 106 became ar.., The "Aladura Movement" in of a woman doctor and a health rested cases, and 1,517 more 01' Nigeria, which attracted to it so visitor. This work is to be in many people already Christian, less improved. and which baptized so many -Mission to Lepers. heathen whom existing Christian bodies would not baptize till cooperation with other Chris- World Control of Narcoticl:l they had been instructed, has tian projects in the area, and is been followed by the formation to be financed by the N. M. S. American people may not of a new sect, "The African It will be supervised by a local realize the stuggle under the Apostolic Church." Following committee of whom at least half League of Nations Opium Sec~ hard upon this has come "Rus- will be Christian Indians. tion to control the opium trade in all countries. While the -United Church Review. Opium Section of the League Red Let,ter Day at Tigerkloof has a budget of $48,000 a year, of which eighty per cent is al- June 9 was a red-letter day in lotted for salaries, the traffickers the history of the Tigerkloof Na- have large cash reserves and are tive Institute of the London Mis- sometimes able to corrupt of.., sionary Society, when a new ficials. The daily profits of the church was opened, the crowning illicit traders is estimated by the work of the Society at Tiger- League at nearly $2,000,000. kloof. The building, which The annual turnover is put at ranks as the finest of its kind in $690,000,000. Annual w 0 rid British Bechuanaland, is about consumption of narcotic drugs is 100 by 50 feet over all and 50 placed at forty-five tons, thirty feet high; it seats 600 persons, of which are used in China. The and was constructed entirely by United States comes second with native apprentices under the di-' seven tons, which equals 1,400,., rection of Mr. Ballantine, who 000,000 doses, and at twenty-five shortly completes thirty years' cents per dose totals $350,000,., service at the Institution. Fol- 000.

Missionary

Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information I.~~,~tl~~==~~~~============~ Bishop Montgomery: a Memoir. By tion?" The reply came: "World- Church would be well worth- M. M. With a Preface by the Archbishop of Canterbury. 110 pp. 28 wide oversight surely episcopal, while-and it is. Dr. Kerr has 6d. Society for the Propagation of if Australia can rightly spare given here an excellent textbook the Gospel, London. 1933. for the mission classes of all you." Satisfied that his vows Here is a book that warms would be fulfilled in the new evangelical denominations. Yet the heart. Dr. Montgomery be- post, he came. The wisdom of it is more than that; it is filled came Bishop of Tasmania at 42 the call was evident when he got with a wealth of illustrations; years of age and eleven years under way. He came to the S. P. it shows a broad field of learnlater was called back to England G. (1902) under primitive con- ing, it is up to date even to the to become Secretary of the So- ditions. "There were no type- Oxford Group Movement. It is ciety for the Propagation of the writers or shorthand clerks. healthful, enjoyable reading and Gospel in Foreign Parts. While Letters were all copied. On the gives one a zeal for establishing in that office the King made him day after a meeting of the Stand- the faith of our fathers as the Prelate of the Order of St. Mi- ing Committee the Secretary hope of America today. chael and St. George, all of used to spend the whole day, The book is well indexed and whose members became at once from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. writing has an excellent bibliography. A the Bishop's spiritual charge. letters for abroad." At first he few direct quotations best indi- This was characteristic of him- was able to interview personally cate the author's position. he had the habit of reckoning his all candidates. The revenue of This book is a humble attempt to obligations by their spiritual de- the Society was £88,000; when justify the Christian faith in the mod- he left it was £155,000. He ern world. It does not apologize for mand. As a young rector he was a member of three Lambeth Christianity. It is an effort to preframed the principle which gov- Conferences. He made two visits sent the claim that the Gospel is the to America and Canada where power of God in America in the twenerned himself and his whole tieth century, as it was in the Roman staff, that "once you got hold of he met an enthusiastic reception. The Archbishop says: "Bishop Empire in the first century . . . a person you never let go." The Christian mission in America Montgomery's greatest gift to As Bishop in Tasmania he was is the effort to share Christ with all indefatigable, spending large the Church in his generation was men, whatever their race or religion. It is not set for battle against any parts of the year in itinerating not only his work, valuable as it was, but chiefly his own person- man or against any man's faith; it alone or with his clergy, confirm- ality. Indeed, what gave value is consecrated to the task of giving ing believers by the roadside if to his work was the spirit he put him the best we have–Jesus Christ. they could not go to the Church. He introduced a system of "Qui- into it … He seemed always to The cross of Christ is the guar- p.nty that God is in Christ, suffering, bear about with him the spirit ,serving, saving-in America as in et Days" for his clergy, prepar- of the spring." ing for them most carefully, for Galilee-the same yesterday, today he "judged it wrong to call his and forever. GEORGE W. ARMS.

busy clergymen together unless The book is chatty and famil- The Shi'ite Religion. A History of you gave them of the very best," iar; it is to be hoped that some Islam in Persia and Irak. By -a principle which some con- deeper study of Bishop Mont- Dwight M. Donaldson, D.D., Ph.D.

ference managers do not observe. gomery's missionary and ad- 393 pp. 15s. Illus. Luzac & Com- Here also he framed the prin- ministrative methods may be is- pany..London. 1933.

ciple which governed him in his sued by the Society. This book, in terms found in CLELAND B. McAFEE. the preface, is a statement of -secretarial life: "To the laity Shi'a doctrine and a study of through the clergy." As work The Christian Mission in America. Shi'ite Islam in Persia and Irak. on the mission field is best done By Hugh Thompson Kerr. 184 pp. The critic would wish that these by contacts of individual mis- $1 cloth; 60 cents paper. Friend- terms had been used for the title sionaries with the people, so the ship Press. New York. 1933. -support of the work in the home One would naturally suppose and sub-title. Likewise the auchurch is to be secured by pas- that a book from the pen of the thor's method of transliterating tors, not by secretaries or agents pastor of the Shadyside Presby- Arabic letters is not an improve- terian Church, now for twenty ment upon that recognized as au- ·of missionary societies. He was called back to London years an author, and one-time thorative. by a cablegram, but replied with Moderator of the General As- These criticisms are trivial ;another: "Is it episcopal voca- sembly of the Presbyterian compared with the value of the [518 ] book as a much needed, concise and readable study of the origin of Shi'ism, its growth in Irak and Persia and its differentation from the orthodox faith of the followers of Islam.

As a resident for sixteen years in one of the great Shrine Cities of Persia, Dr. Donaldson has had exceptional opportunities for present-day observation and his studies have given him access to much historical material to which he refers in copious foot- notes. While the early struggle between the rival Caliphs is giv- en in detail, perhaps the most The ANNUITY important chapters are those AGREEMENT • the AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY giving the history of the Twelve Imams and their place in the PLAN of framework of Shi'ite faith and practice. The description of the great Shrine Cities and their im- will help you solve it portance as places of pilgrimage is embellished by several fine photographs. The chapters on AND it will help you in your desire to have a share in furthering a worthy and essential Christian enterprise. Shi'ite tradition and the sinless- ness of the prophets are especial- ly valuable. A detailed table of contents for each of the thirty- W:hat is an Annuity Agreement of the American Bible Society?

three chapters and the full index Are Annuity Agreements of the American Bible Society safe?

materially increase the value as What advantages do Annuity Agreements have?

a book of reference as does the Are holders of the Annuity Agreements of the American Bible Society satisfied with them? eIassified bibliography. The mis- Has any annuitant ever lost money through an Annuity Agreesion interested reader will regret ment of the American Bible Society?

that the plan of the volume Are Annuity Agreements recommended as a source of income for persons unfamiliar with financial matters? seemingly permitted no refer- Do men ofrecognized business abilence to the reaction of Shi'ite ity secure Annuity Agreements from the American Bible Society? Islam to the missionary enter- Whatwillmoney placed inAnnuprise. JAMES CANTINE. ity Agreements eventually ac- complish through theAmerican A Self-Made Bishop. By The Right Rev. G. L. King, D.D. The Society Bible Society? for the Propagation of the Gospel. London. 1933. THESE and other questions about the Annuity Agree- A wonderful story, by the for- ments of the American Bible mer Church of England bishop Society are answered in a new of Madagascar, about a man who booklet "A Gift That Lives." made himself bishop, although without orders of any kind, and MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY whose authority was not questioned by those to whom he min- rr;;;c~ ;;L;-;O~TY, ~ ~se, A:: ;;:e, Ne;;C:;City – .~J istered. The title page bears the I Please send me, without obligation, your booklet . I significant words by Bishop No. MRS, entitled "A Gift That Lives". . O'Ferral, "The Northern Church of Madagascar is quite inexpli- I I Name……………………………….__…………………………………. Denomination…………………….._·_'— cable except by belief in the I I Address ………….._……….._..__…._._….._………………………………………………………………-…….-.:….:…-.–.- Holy Spirit." I City……………….. ……………….. ……………….. I ……………… Stale……………………………….

John Tsizehena assumed two titles, as he records in his diary, viz. "Reverand John Tsizehena, Mission Lord Church" and "Lord Bishop of North, D.D." The story of this remarkable man is the story of the Anglican Church of the northern triangle of Madagascar. It bears witness to his zeal and earnestness and is unique in the fact that one who

Less Than are not outspoken in opposition world after the Spirit and pur- to Japan's policy in Manchuria. pose of our Lord Jesus Christ. $2.00 per day One hundred and sixteen CLELAND B. McAFEE. for: board, room, tuition, and a pages describe the Progress of the Kingdom of God Movement Young America Makes Friends. By- College Education in a in Japan. These chapters relate Mary Alice J ones and n.ebecca Christian School to the churches, rural evangel- Caudhill. 12mo. 122 pp. $1.00. ism, social reconstruction, tem- Friendship Press, New York. 1933. A.B., B.R.E. and Th.B perance and anti-vice campaigns, Degrees Christian cooperation, education, This pleasing volume, covers etc. Some sixty-five pages take well the activity areas of a (given under the laws of up critically the Appraisal Com- child's life-Going to School; Massachusetts) mission Report-six articles by Doing Home Chores; Keeping Japanese and missionaries. The Well and Happy; Being a Citi- No smoking or dancing allowed! Christian work of the Japanese zen; Earning and Using Money; High scholastic attainment re- Church "Overseas" shows some- and Going to Church. quired. thing of the vitality of Japanese Christianity. Each chapter, or unit as it is Premedical, Normal. Commercial, called, has good introductory Home Economics, Music, College One of the valuable reference discussion topics selected from Preparatory, Theological. features of this Year Book is the children's experiences. In para- section devoted to directories graphs called, "Suggested pro- Send for catalogue and statistics. The number of cedure" there are good guiding Christian social institutions in questions. The illustrative sto- Atlantic Union College Japan (in addition to education- ries vary much in value and the al work) indicate that this phase list of "Desired outcomes" which South Lancaster, Mass. of the task is not overlooked. show the goal each "unit" strives The statistics report 58 foreign for, are not always satisfying. Over SO years of service. societies working in Japan, with For example; the last unit which is the climax of the study, was a self-appointed apostle and ° 1130 foreign workers; there are is Young America Going to evangelist, became in the provi- Church. The prayer reads, dence of God the founder of a 2, 2 5 organized Protestant "Within this world, within our group of Anglican churches, that churches and over 232,000 bap- country, within our very city upon the arrival of a regularly tized Japanese Christians. there are many of thy children appointed bishop willingly sub- who worship Thee in ways difmitted to constituted authority Builders of a New World. By Robert ferent from our own. Be Thou and without demur accepted the Merrill Bartlett. 166 pp. Cloth $1; near to them as they seek Thee regular orders. paper, 60 cents. Friendship Press, in the way that seems to them New York. 1933. best; and show us the best The story is so unique in mis- way." No mention is made of sion history, that it constitutes This excellent book in the Mis- the thousands of boys and girls most interesting reading and is sion Study list is adapted to who never worship in any way. necessary for an understanding steady reading or to class use. It Earnest, well informed leaders of the mission history of the dis- deals in course of its discussion using the book will want to go tant part of the world in which with communism, the new patri- further than its author and lay its scenes are laid. C. T. B. otism, war, social and political deeper foundations for friend- responsibility and other social ship than merely the sharing of The Japan Christian Year Book. issues, yet it is about none of playgrounds and citizenship. Edited by E. C. Hennigar. 12mo. these particular subjects. It is 428 pp. Yen 2.50. Kyo Bun Kwan, a study of the way in which lives E. B. D. P. Tokyo; Foreign Missions Confer- can contribute, under the power ence, New York. 1933. of Christ, to the building of a New Books new world. The examples are Thirty-eight authors, includ- familiar to older readers but the America Revolucionaria. S. Guy Ining thirteen Japanese leaders, book is intended primarily for man. 340 pp. $1. Javier Morats, make up this remarkable com- young people: Grenfell, Ramsay Madrid; and Committee on Coopposite picture of Japan today, Macdonald, Kagawa, Jabavu of eration in Latin America. New from the Christian viewpoint. Africa, Schweitzer, Romain Rol- York. The geneyal articles relate to the land, James Yen of China (Jimchief events of the past year in my Yen), Martha Berry-but all Adventure in Ohurch Worship. Maunational life and in international center about Christ as the mir- rice Clarke. Teacher's book, 144 pp. relations. The many important acle of history. It is a "mission" $1. Student's book, 133 pages. 70 topics dealt with include the book only as "missions" is con- cents, cloth; 50 cents, paper. More- "Shrine Question," The League ceived in a wide sense, but it house Pub. Co. Milwaukee. of Nations, economic depression, will interest young people and tbe "Manchukuo" impasse, dis- will remind them that life is nev- Boys and Girls of .China and Japan. armament, China and Japan and er too insignificant to count in Illus. 48 pp. Is. C. M. S. London. various "Thougbt Movements." the large process of making a Naturally the Japanese writers Directory of Foreign Missions. Es- ther Boardman Strong and A. L. Warnshuis. 300 pp. $2, paper; $2.50, cloth. International Mission- ary Council. New York.

School a broken ankle and a resulting inlla- Dates to

mation, is reported to have been re- Supplies stored to a normal condition in an- October 3-10 – Quadrennial Confer- swer to prayer. ence. Evangelical Synod of North S~o~unqU{, s1P,In1Itme1 America. Cincinnati, Ohio. *** ~~'~'~"~'~ltJilIem·lAlliroIlmll/eHr.r~fN~IJ October ll-lS–International Conven- Dr. Henry W. Frost, for over 40 tion of the Disciples of Christ, tile for years director of the China Inland Pittsburgh, Pa. Mission, who recently passed the 70th and anniversary of his birth, celebrated October 19-Annual Meeting. Ameri- with Mrs. Frost, their golden wedding can Mission to Lepers. Fifth Ave- Personal Items anniversary on September 12th. At nue Presbyterian church, New York Princeton on September 16th they ob- City. Dr. Catherine Mabie, who has been served this 50 years of blessed life in the Congo since 1898, is the first and service, with seven children and October 31-Fall meeting. New York missionary of the American Baptist six in-law children. Many friends in Conference, Woman's 1<~oreign Mis- Woman's Foreign Mission Society in lands all over the world rejoice with sionary Society. Calvary Church, Africa to be decorated. She has re- them in these many years of joy and New York City. ceived La Croix de Chevalier de service in the power of Christ. l'Ordre Royal du Lion. November lO-ll-Annual Meeting. Dr. Herman *C. *E.* Liu, President World Alliance for International *** Friendship through the Churches of the University of Shanghai, has and the International GoodWill Con- Miss Clementina Butler, daughter been invited to join Dr. E. Stanley gress. Philadelphia, Pa. of Dr. William Butler, who founded J ones and others to conduct a series the Methodist Episcopal Church in of interdenominational conferences on United Missionary Meetings India, has offered her resignation as missions in the United States this secretary of the home base for the fall. He has also been acting as dele- September 28-29-Worcester, Mass. New England Branch of the Meth- gate of the China Committee at the October 1-2-Boston, Mass. odist Woman's Foreign Missionary conference of the Institute of Pacific October 3-4-Portland, Me. Society, having reached the age of re- Relations in Banff, Canada, August October 5-6–New Haven, Conn, tirement. She is preparing a book on 14-28. Later he will study vocational October 8-9-Rochester, N. Y. the work of Pandita Ramabai; also a and civic education in America and October lO-ll-Cleveland, O. biography of her father, to be trans- Europe. October l2-13-Pittsburgh, Pa. lated into the leading vernaculars. October 15-16–Detroit, Mich. During his absence from Shanghai October 17-l8-Toledo, O. Rt. Rev. Joh*n M* cK*im, D.D., pre- Dean T. K. Van will be the Acting October 19-20-Grand Rapids, Mich. President of the University. October 22-23-Cincinnati, O. siding bishop of Nippon Sei Kokwai, October 24-25-Louisville, Ky. has celebrated the 40th anniversary *** October 26-27-Columbus, O. of his consecration to the ministry of October 20-November 3 – G rea t e r the Protestant Episcopal Church. Charles Luther Fry, son of Rev. Charles L. Fry, of Philadelphia, has New York. *** accepted a call to the chair of Sociol- November 5-10-Chicago, Ill. ogy at Rochester University, New November 12-13-Milwaukee, Wis. Dr. Lucy Wang, president of Hwa York. He has been connected with November 14-l5-Des Moines, Iowa. Nan College, Foochow, an institution the Institute of Social and Religious November l6-17-Sioux City, Iowa. of the' Methodist Woman's Foreign Research, and is the author of "The November 19-20-0maha, Neb. Missionary Society, has succeeded in United States Looks At Its Churches." November 2l-22-Lincoln, Neb. having the college registered with the November 2S-24-Topeka, Kan. Chinese government as an approved Printin November 26-27-Kansas City, Mo. institution of college grade. November 28-29-Wichita, Kan. When You Require It November SO-December 1-0klahoma Dr. Henry E* ve*rtso*n Cobb, pres- We wish to extend to you an invi· City, Okla. ident of the Board of Foreign Mis- tation to become acquainted with December 3-4-St. Louis, Mo. sions of the Reformed Church in THE EVANGELICAL PRESS of December 5-6-Springfield, Ill. America, since 1917, has resigned, and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. December 7-8-Indianapolis, Ind. has been succeeded by Dr. William December 10-12-Washington, D. C. Baricroft Hill, of Poughkeepsie. Thousands of institutions and individ- December l3-15-Philadelphia, Pa. uals have accepted a similar invitation, Rev. C. B. R*ape*, a*Methodist mis- and have enjoyed a profitable printing Obituary Notes association for years. sionary to West China, has returned Rev. James McElwane Mullan, D.D., to his field after an absence of some Our specialty is Books, Magazines and for 17 years superintendent of the years. Mrs. Rape is obliged to re- Booklets. We have modem equipment Board of Home Missions of the Remain in America on account of ill to meet all the requirements of your formed Church in the United States, health. particular job. Our service is quick, died August 21, in Philadelphia, at careful and courteous. the age of 64. Dr. Mullan was also *** executive secretary of the Commission Why not allow us to estimate on your on Social Service and served on the Marshall Feng Yu-hsiang, formerly next printing? You will be delighted commission on the church and social called the Chinese Christian General with our product, price, and service. service of the Federal Council of and whl' still professes to be a Chris- Churches of Christ in America. tian, is reported to have been offered The Evangelical Press and accepted the position of Inspector Mrs. William*W*alto*n Clark of New General of the Chinese Army under Printers of the Nanking Government. York, for many years the correspond- The Missionary Review of the World ' ing secretary of the Women's Board *** of Domestic Missions, of the Reformed PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE: Church in America, died July 31. Miss Amy Carmichael, of the Dohnavur Mission, South India, who has Thircl ancl Reily Str••t. Harrillhurg, Pa. *** been suffering for some months from John Allen Hofmann, M.D., Pro- vost of Hackett Medical College, Can- ton, China, died April 6th in Canton from spinal meningitis. He had been a Presbyterian missionary since 1921.

S;~a~~::Work The Finality of Jesus

By ROBERT E. SPEER Dr. Speer's eagerly awaited book is the result of a life time's thinking on a subject which is at the very heart of today's unrest. $3.00 PRESIDENT STEVENSON writes: PROF. A. T. ROBERTSON writes: (Princeton Theol. Sem.) (South. Bapt. Theol. Sem.) "The greatest contribution Dr. Speer has made to re- "I wish all ministers could read it, for its influence for ligious literature." good is immeasurable."

ROBERT E. SPEER i YOU N G F 0 L K S GEORGE W. HINMAN, D.D.

I "Re-Thinking I The American Indian and Christian Missions -Missions" Examined ISAAC TAYLOR HEADLAND (Translator) Entir~ly f~ee of ~'!tagonis.m. Chinese Rhymes for Children An informing work about concel'.e~. m a spmt o~ Sl?- A channing book for children presenting missions among American Incere cntlclsm and revealmg m .. '. . dians, the work undertaken by every paragraph a close, well- a genume Onental atmosphere m. Its e,,:ery missionaries and the results informed knowledge of For- phase. On every page a drawmg gIves which have accrued, by the eign Missions. Boards, SOc piquancy and undeniable interest to the secretary of the American CLELAND B. McAFEE whole. Profusely Illustrated, $2.00 Missionary Association. $1.50 The Uncut Nerve FRANCES JENKINS OLCOTT MARY BREWSk~~LISTER GO! of Missions Champions of Light MMoaui-nDteaeinosf the "The motives of missions, the present situation on the fieldsStories of heroic deeds of great mission- where Presbyterians are at aries and others by those whose chief pur- A marvelous, new tale of work, and the prospects for pose was the betterment of mankind. present-day China, recounted the near future are clearly With many Decorations by Dugald in a manner adaptable for and interestingly treated."- missionary reading courses, as Alumni Review. $1.50 Valker. $1.75 well as for general use. $1.50 II Fleming H. Revell Company …. 158 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK At All Booksellers Read THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE OCTOBER NUMBER: The Christian Message Is Peace . ………………………. Duncan B. Macdonald Mogul Paintings on Christian Subjects . …………………… Edward D. Mac/agan Early Efforts in Persia ……………………………….. William McE. Miller Temptations of Converts . …………………………….. A Persian Missionary Chinese-Moslem Literature. . ………………………….. Harold D. Hayward AI Gha:z:ali's Inner Secret . ……………………………… Frank Hugh Foster An Eighteenth Century liter~ry Missionary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . … Eric F. F. Bishop Current Topics . ….. Book Reviews . ….. Survey of Periodicals Index for the Year 1933 SUBSCRIBE TODAY « Address THE MOSLEM WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue New York City Single copies, SOc.; Annudl Subscription, $2.00 I in Combindtion with the REVIEW, $3.50 MARSHALL, MORGAN A seon, 12 P.ternoster Bulldln.., London Price In Great Britain. El,ht Shillin••, net

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1933

1933

Cheering Signs from China James P. Leynse Lima, Peru, Revisited· John R. Mackay Wonders of Moro Education Frank C. Laubach Shall Our Indians Be Persecuted?

John M. Somemdike New Trails in Southern Highlands Helen H. Dingman The Real Basis of Christian Missions Charles R. Erdman

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W E WANT to enlist every subscriber to THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in an effort to secure new subscribers. So we have selected from many publishers choice offerings of new and standard books. The plan is simple. For every new subscription sent us (U. S. and Canada, $2.50; Foreign, $3.00) we will allow a credit of 75 cents toward the purchase of any book listed on this page. Begin on your list now, in your own church or community, and secure free one or more of these valuable books.

The Finality of Jesus Christ A Commentary Critical and By Robert E. Speer Explanatory on the Whole Bible A remarkable presentation of the rea- By Jamieson, Fausset and Brown sons for belief in the final authority of Long recognized as the standard evangelical Jeslls Christ. The author has spent work on the entire Bible. "J. F. & B.'s Com- forty years in the study of the subject mentary" provides within the compass of a and declares unflinchingly for the abso- single volume a continuous stream of clear.

lute supremacy of Jesus as the Son of critical. and explanatory comments on every God and Saviour of mankind. verse of the whole Biblical text. 1347 pages. President J. Ross Stevenson (Prince- Regular price. $7.50. Special. $3.50 ton Theological Seminary) says: "The D ' t B'bl D' • greatest contribution Dr. Speer has made aVIs I e Ictlonary to religious literature. . .. It will have By J. D. Davis, Ph.D., D.D., LL.D. l!.~!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!I!!!!!!I!!!!I a wide reading and a permanent influence This book aims to be a dictionary of the '" in strengthening the faith." $3.00 Bible. not of speculation about the Bible. It ' P 'bI ';t IS C hr seeks to furnish a thorough acquaintance lBsyt P.OWSShIO,twee.II with things Biblical. It is furnished with W',lson othnee calnaidmoonlfythDeivRienleigRioenligoifonC. hrist as the authoritative illustrations. The interpre- Author of "The Christ We Forget," etc. Cloth. $1.50 tation of Scripture which is frequently in- Mr. Wilson takes up the challenge by valved in the statement of facts will be presenting to his readers a fascinating and George Miller of Bristol found to be sober. fair and scholarly.

compelling picture of Jesus. as he has con- By Arthur T. Pierson Price. $3.00 ceived of Him in his own experience. from The record of the faith of this nine- Christian Workerst the pages of history. and in the story of Commentary our own times. "I came first to know teenth century Christian. who received over Him nearly fifty years ago." says this $7.000.000 without asking man for a By Dr. James M. Gray journalist of international reputation. penny. is one of the most inspiring in A competent expository commentary on "and the friendship remains." A book of the whole Bible in one volume, and for a great charm. a plea of great power. $2.00 Christian literature. Dr. Pierson has writ- price within the reach of all. This desir- able combination has never been offered so The Beauty 0 f J esus ten the authorized memoir of this remark- attractively. This is eminently the Com- mentary of the people. Preachers and Sun- BV Gipsy Smith able man for both British and American day School teachers will find it a rich mine. A new. intensely moving book of mem- readers. It presents not merely the ex- In any Christian home it will enrich the aries and reflections of Gipsy Smith, cov- ternal facts of Mr. Muller's labors, but the secret springs of his accomplishments. Cloth. $2.50 The Progress ering a period oimore than twenty-five of World-Wide Missions family devotions. answer the children's years. questions, and stimulate the study of the "A fascinating story of the experiences By Dr. Robert H. Glover Bible. Price. $3.00 and observations of one of the greatest An accurate, up-to-date. exhaustive International Encyclopedia of 1l·vm. g evangel1'sst."- Watch manE – xa$m'2m.0er0. survey of the mission fields of the world. The one complete and authoritative refer- Prose and Poetl'cal Quotatl'ons Why Believe It? ence and textbook for schools. colleges. and By William S. Walsh By Delavan L. Pierson popular study groups. on This valuable book is not restricted to Bible teachers and Gospel ministers. the history of missions. the religious field. but contains selections however advanced in knowledge. will find from the literature of the world. ancient the atmosphere of these pages bracing and Cloth. $2.50 and modern. classic and popular. A massustaining to an intelligent and trium- sin volume arranged for quick reference. phant Christian faith. Anyone who reads Study Bible these chapters attentively will know what Net. $3 •00 Schofield Reference Webstees Collegiate Dictionary Edition the Christian faith is. and what the Chris- The type used in the New Fourth Edition. 1930 census :6.g- smaller edition Scofield is tian life based on New Testament teaching clear and black face. af- ures. An excellent abridged dictionary sliould be. Cloth. $1.50 fording a volume that based upon Webster's New International may be read with comfort. I nf llI·b l P f Dictionary. 106.000 vocabulary terms. Many a e roo s yet compact in size. Con- including hundreds of new words. with tains full Scofield notes. Bv Arthur T. Pierson genuine leather binding. definitions. spellings. pronunciations. and printed on Oxford India The teachings of the Bible are so im – paper. size 7 x 4¥.! x lo/tS use of words; a dictionary of biography; inches. No. 57X. Regportant that it is one of our first duties to ular price. $9.00. a gazetteer; Scottish glossary; vocabu- attain a certainty of conviction as to the Special, $7.50 lary of rimes; rules of punctuation, use divine origin of the Holy Scriptures, and of capitals. foreign words and phrases. ab- the divine character and mission of Jesus breviations. etc, Many other features of Christ. This valuable study weighs the practical value. 1.268 pages. 1.700 illus- Evidences of Ch.ristianity which establish trations. Cloth, $5.00 OFFER GOOD ONLY UNTIL DECEMBER 25, 1933 ACT NOW. BEGIN TO SECURE SUBSCRIPTIONS Subscription Department Harrisburg, Penna.

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THE AMERICAN BAPTIST HOME MISSION SOCIETY MR. SAMUEL BRYANT, Treasurer Dear Brother: Three years ago last March I received a life Annuity Bond from this (The American Baptist Home Mission) Society for $1,000 and have unfailingly received the semi-annual interest installments as they became due, always on time.

I sincerely wish to thank the Society through you for this. It causes one to feel there has been no mistake made in the investment; beside the joy and contentment brought to the annuitant in the thought of doing some good in the Kingdom work, as well as having a permanent annual life income.

Now I would like to inquire if the present rules and annuity rates are the same as they were three years ago? I have been so well pleased with the in- vestment I may wish to make an additional contribution some time in the future. Could you inform me in regard to the other Societies if they are still working under the same methods? Please send any information you may deem necessary. Thanking you most heartily, I remain a Friend and Supporter.

Signed, but name withheld.

For the information of our constituents: Our Baptist missionary societies have not lowered annuity rates during the "Empress" Luxury – with – Econ- omy •• • The"Empress" fieetcomprises past ten years and more. the largest, fastest ships on the Pacific. . For further details regarding the income you may receive from annuities, Go Tourist for most comfortable low- priced travel. Go First Class for luxury address SAMUEL BRYANT that rivals anything on the Seven Seas.

The American Baptist Home Mission Society Choice of Two Fast Routes ••• Direct Express Route . • • Empress of 23 East 26th Street, New York, N. Y. Asia and Empress of Russia •.. Yoko- hama in 10 days fiat! Via Honolulu • •• Editorial Chat "I certainly like THE REVIEW. The Empress of Japan (largest, fastest liner articles are very readable and its con- on the Pacific) and Empress of Canada The mission study topic for the tents are diversified and instructive. ..• Honolulu in 5 days and Yokohama year is "Christ and the Modern I greatly enjoy its monthly visits. in just 8 days more! World." This covers the whole realm of personal life and work, the Church WM. NEISEL, New York, Secre- GO EMPRESS ••• to Honolulu, tary of the Funk & Wagnalls and home missions, the work of Christ Co. Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, in foreign lands and Christianity in industrial, social and international *** Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila relations. Do you recommend the REVIEW to Sailings from Vancouver and Victoria. your friends? Read the special offer Fast, convenient trains direct to ship- *** on the second cover. Will you act on side at Vancouver. !fyou sail from Los it and so help to extend the useful- Angeles and San Francisco, you can con- The REVIEW has already published ness of the magazine? nect with "Empresses" at Honolulu. a number of valuable articles on these Orient fares include passage from Seattopics and more are to follow. They *** tle. Reduced round-trip fares. Informaare by Dr. Sam Higginbottom Dr. tion from any Canadian Pacific agent: Stanley Jones, The Rev. Harry Iron- On page 368 in the article on "Pre- New York, Chicago, San Francisco, senting Christ to the Jews," reference Montreal, Vancouver, and 30 other sides and others. was made to the total number of cities in United States and Canada. Christian adherents in the world but *** the figure to the Jews refers only to those in America. There are approxi- The coming articles deal with mately 50,000,000 Protestant and Catholic church members in America Christ at the Century of Progress and 4,500,000 Jews, and in the world there are 600,000,000 nominal Chris- Exposition; Christ in Modern China tians and about 16,000,000 Jews.

and India; Christ and the Foreign *** Born in America and other topics. It is with real regret that we note the demise of two more of our es- Use them for your church programs. teemed contemporaries- The Record of Christian Work and The Presby- The * m*onth*s offer a good terian Magazine. The former, after a long and honored history as the Summer official organ of the Northfield Schools and conferences, has been opportunity for reading. Many who combined with Church Management of Cleveland, Ohio, which will incorhave been reading the REVIEW have porate a Northfield Pulpit section. The Presbyterian Magazine, the only sent us their comments. Here are a official organ of tlie Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., will turn over its few: goodwill and opportunities to the Presbyterian, weeklieS:–The Presby- "The July number of THE REVIEW terian (Philadelphia), The Presbyis rich. Any missionary worker who terian Banner (Pittsburgh) and The feeds on that fare regularly will be a Presbyterian Advance (Nashville). power." [409 ] DR. HARRY P. LONG, Dayton, Ohio.

"The July RE*VIE*W i*s grippingly in- teresting. You are publishing a wonderful magazine. I wish it had 100,- 000 readers.

DR. PAUL DESCHWEINITZ, Bethle- hem, Pa., Treasurer of the Mo- ravian Board of Missions.

Don't THE

REVIEW OF THE WORLD LET YOUR INCOME DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor Shrink! VOL. LVI SEPTEMBER,1933 No.9 AME}UCAN you can avoid a shrinking income, as many others have PAGE BIBLE done, by placing your money in SOCIETY Annuity Agreements of the Frontispiece – Ambassadors American Bible Society. for Christ …………. 412 –11 A.NNU ITY ~-. A.GREE ftIIENT An Annuity Agreement Topics of the Times …… 413 GUARANTEEING is a legal contract in which the Moslem Agitation in Egypt American Bible Society in return Signs of a New Spain [~~] for a gift of money ($100 or Present Crisis in Jewish Af· over) binds itself to pay to the OF holder (the holder being called fairs an annuitant) a specified sum British Views of Missions $——————— every year as long as the annui- Another Missionary Campaign tant lives. Cheering Signs from China. 417 These AnnuityAgreements are safe, because they are backed by Rev. James P. Leynse the sound financial resources and business management of a Lima, Peru, Revisited ….. 421 trust-worthy institution whose work is indispensable to the Dr. John A. Mackay Christian enterprise and whose annuity program has stood the The Real Basis of Christian test for over 80 years. Missions ………….. 424 An easy-to-read booklet tells you Dr. Charles R. Erdman all about it – the rates you re- Shall Our Indian Christians ceive_how you help in making Be Persecuted 1 ……… 427 the Scriptures widely available around the earth – how a rela- Dr. John M. Somerndike tive or friend may be included. Wonders of Moro Education 429 MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY r ;m:ri::-Bful;;ocie-;,- – – – – – – – – – – Dr. Frank C. Laubach I Bible House, Astor Place, New York Please send me, without obligation, your booklet MR7 A Moslem View of Moham- I entitled "A Gift That Lives." medanism …………. 432 I Dr. T. A. Lambie I Name……………………….._………………. Denomination………………. Why Mohammedans Need the Gospel ………… 433 I I Address …………………………………………………………………………………. Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer I City………………………………………………….._.__ State…………………… The Jew – A Challenge to the Church ………… 435 I Dr. Conrad Hoffman, Jr. [410 ] New Trails in Southern Highlands …………. 437 Helen H. Dingman Representing Christ in the Community ………… 445 Rev. C. Burnell Olds Fresh Victories in China .. 448 J. Howard Kitch"n Effective Ways of Working 452 Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison Women's Home Mission Bul- letin ……………… 455 Edited by Anne Seesholtz World-Wide Outlook …… 457 Our Missionary Bookshelf . 469 Publication and Business Office Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa.

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President WM. L CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH MILTON T. STAUFFER A. L. W ARNSHUIS SAMUEL M. ZWEMER

Free Catalog Saves Personal Items If the

Money for Foreign Missionaries Dr. Wm. N. Blair, Presbyterian calls you East missionary of Pyengyang, and Presi- of Suez … sail FOREIGN MISSIONARIES every- dent George S. McCune, of Union where have confidence in our Mis- Christian College of Korea, have resionary Bureau as the most economical cently returned to America on fursource for personal supplies and mis- lough. sion equipment of high quality. *** SECRETARIES and Purchasing Agents of Foreign Missions find that our The Rev. John H. Harris, formerly free catalog and special discount list a missionary of the Congo Balolo enables them to save money for their Mission, and for many years parliastations. mentary secretary of the Aborigines Protection Society of London, was MISSION Boards can economize by given a knighthood in the last birth- selecting hardware, paints and other day honors of King George V. building materials from our catalog, for shipment abroad. ** * If you haven't a Montgomery Ward Dr. Sam Higginbottom, the wellcatalog, write TODAY for a free copy. known and well loved missionary of Allahabad, India, has recently re- MONTGOMERY WARD & CO. turned to his field with Mrs. Higgin- bottom. Export Department Chicago, U. S. A. *** Dates to Remember THE ROUTE PREFERRED Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer is return- S'eptember 9-12-Universal Christian ing this month from his ministry in SINCE 18401 Council for Life and Work, Execu- China" where he has been visiting his tive Committee, Novi-Sad, Jugo- daughter, Mrs. Claude Pickens. He is Cross Cunard to England.. • Slavia. to take up again his work in Prince- and embark at London in a great ton Seminary. ship of this Line that tradition- September lS-l6–World Alliance for ally and for nearly a century has International Friendship Through *** carried the vanguard of the the Churches, Sofia, Bulgaria. Church eastward to all the lands The Right Rev. David Bexell, Bish- beyond Suez. P & 0 Liners, of September 2S-27 – Interdenomina- OP of the Tamil Evangelical Lutheran transatlantic size and comfort, tional Missionary Institute for Church in South India, has resigned stand for the Progress ofthe West Philadelphia and Vicinity. Luth- and Dr. John Sandegren, son of a in scores of tropic ports and teem- eran Church of the Holy Com- former Swedish missionary in India ing harbours of the Indian Ocean munion, Philadelphia, Pa. has been elected. Bishop Sandegren and the Pacific. Natives measure has been a missionary in the Madras time by their swift and sure September 27-28 – Foreign Missions district for twenty-five years. arrival. Low rates and new, fast, Conference of North America, Com- luxurious ships make the voyage mittee of Reference and Counsel, *** an exceptional value. New York. The Rev. W. B. Anderson, D. D., PENINSULAR October 11-lS-International Conven- Secretary of the Board of Foreign AND ORIENTAL AND tion of the Disciples of Christ, Missions of the United Presbyterian Pittsburgh, Pa. Church in the United States, was BRITISH INDIA STEAM elected. moderator at the seventv-fifth NAVIGATION COMPANIES UNITED FOREIGN MISSIONARY general assembly held in Pittsburgh in June. The American U. P. Church Regular sailings from London, CONFERENCES was organized in Pittsburgh in 1858, Gibraltar and Marseilles to India, with a membership of 23,000. It has Ceylon, Burma. Straits Settle- September 28-29-Worcester, Mass. now grown to 180,000 communicants, ments. China. Japan. Australia. October 1-2-Boston, Mass. with about 900 churches. Over $900,- New Zealand, Egypt. Sudan, October 3-4-Portland, Me. 000 was spent last year on foreign Persian Gulf. East and South October S-6–New Haven, Conn. missions. Dr. Anderson, the new mod- Africa. etc. October 8-9-Rochester, N. Y. erator, was formerly a missionary in October 10-11-Cleveland, O. India. Complete information from October 12-13-Pittsburgh, Pa. Your Local Agent or October lS-l6–Detroit, Mich. *** October 17-1'S-Toledo, O. (:UNARD~LINE October 19-20-Grand Rapids, Mich. Rev. Francis C. Brading, for many October 22-23-Cincinnati, O. years the efficient secretary of the GENERAL AGENTSNew York October 24-2S-Louisville, Ky. Scripture Gift Mission of London, has 25 Broadway October 26-27-Columbus, O. recently resigned and is succeeded by October 29-November 3 – G rea t e r Mr. C. Ashley Baker, a worthy col- league for the past twenty-five years. New York. This Society cooperates with other November S-10-Chicago, Ill. missions, and has circulated Scrip- November 12-13-Milwaukee, Wis. tures in 134 languages to the number November 14-1S-Des Moines, Iowa. of 8,608,654 Bibles, Testaments, Gos- November 16-17-Sioux City, Iowa. pels and portions. November 19-20-0maha, Neb. November 21-22-Lincoln, Neb. *** November 23-24-Topeka, Kan. November 26-27-Kansas City, Mo. Dr. W. Courtland Robinson, for November 28-29-Wichita, Kan. three years the able and stalwart November 3D-December I-Oklahoma editor of The Presbyterian, of Phil- adelphia, has resign~d his editorship City, Okla. by order of his physician. It is hoped that the paper will go on from strength to strength representing the cause of Christ among American Presbyterians.

[411 ]

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Ambassadors for Christ JOHN 20: 21 Who are these who come amongst us, Strangers to our speech and ways? Passing by our joys and treasures, Singing in the darkest days? Are they pilgrims journeying on From a land we have not known? We are come from a far country, From a land beyond the sun; We are come from that great glory Round our God's eternal throne; Thence we come, and thither go; Here no resting-place we know. Wherefore are ye come amongst us From the glory to the gloom?" Christ in glory breathed within us Life, His life, and bid us come. Here as living springs to be- Fountains of that life are we. He hath sent us, that in sorrow, In rej ection, toil, and loss, We may learn the wondrous sweetness, Learn the mystery of His cross- Learn the depth of love that traced That blest path across the waste. He hath sent us highest honours Of His cross and shame to win, Bear His light through deepest darkness, Walk in white 'midst foulest sin; Sing amidst the wintry gloom, Sing the blessed songs of home. From the dark and troubled waters Many a pearl to Him we bear; Golden sheaves we bring with singing, Fulness of His joy we share; And our pilgrim journey o'er, Praise with Him for evermore.

-T. P., from Hymns of Ter Steegen, Suso and others. REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVI. AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER NINE SEPTEMBER, 1933 Topics of the Times MOSLEM AGITATION IN EGYPT wine and all those evil ways to which an unruly spirit is naturally disposed.

Christian missionary work in Egypt is under . In Egypt there ~s a widespread belief in hypnothe most widespread and most severe attack in the Moslem press that it has ever experienced. A bsm as a power gIven to some people to use over half century ago there were local persecutions others; many no doubt believe such insinuations which were intense, even threatening life but at against missionaries.

no time has there developed such a generai attack . The second factor in the rising tide of opposi- as during recent weeks. bon to Christian missions is political. The New Two factors lie back of this new uprising: a York Times of July 18 gave its latest report on the missionary incident and a political situation. The movement under the heading, "Politics Is Seen in incident was the disciplining of a Moslem girl of Egyptian Riots." Those who know Egypt have fifteen in a Swedish mission school at Port Said. reahzed how dynamic is this factor in the whole The girl reported that she had been beaten be- movement. It was so in the lesser disturbances of cause she refused to become a Christian. While two years ago and again in the excitement of a there was no truth in this accusation, the girl had rear ago. The Wafdist Party, which has always in her possession a letter from the head of the mcluded the extreme Moslem wing, is now out of school urging her to become a Christian, with power. They gnash their teeth that they can lurid pictures of a final judgment day impending. arouse no adequate opposition to Sidky's Ministry.

The letter was published widely in the Moslem They are forbidden to hold political meetings.

press, with photographic reproductions of the Even their papers have often been suppressed original. It may be imagined what complete evi- when they criticize the Government. Here then is dence it seemed to furnish that young children a great opportunity. Under the guise of zeal for were being terrorized and that undue influence !sl~m, the religion of the State, they capitalize any was being used in some of the mission schools. mCIdent to show how derelict in duty is Sidky's The assumption was that these were usual meth- governme:r:t. In the defense of Islam, they can ods in all schools. stage pubhc meetings, and the speakers can score The Egypt Inter-Mission Council expressed its one for the defence of Islam and one against the strong disapproval of the letter and pointed out Sidky cabinet. It is an entrancing game.

the falsity of the accusations that were being We cannot, however, explain away the whole spread broadcast in the press. A sample of the exci~e~ent as a political ruse. There is a growing lengths to which this campaign of misrepresenta- sensItIveness about preserving Islamic culture. t~on went may be judged by the following quota- Turkey has thrown over its leadership of Moslem tIon from an article in one of the Moslem papers: nations by its extreme anti-Moslem reforms.

And so they turn their attention to cthheilmdrean~danwdanmtaktoe Egypt aspires to the honor of becoming the out that they have compassion upon Defender of the Moslem Faith and of Moslem Culture. The interpretation put by many on the teach and train them; and they deceive them while they Constitution's recognition of Islam as the state are st~ll young and immature. They beguile them by religion, is that this implies the right to use gov- hypnotism so that they are deprived of their own will and ernment influence for the suppression of rival re- ligions, especially of missionary effort on the part lose their tp~oewmerazo:df judgment; then they force their own of such religions. With Germany moving along will upon o:der them to do whatever they want, these extreme nationalistic lines, it is no longer and so obtam theIr WIshes. And if they find it difficult to deceive anyone in this way, then they try to beguile him by immoral and adulterous means; by the drinking of [413 ]

possible to argue that modern civilized states do not committed to any type of government. It will not act in this way nor restrict religious freedom stand by whatever political system the Spanish among their peoples. people choose. Republican or otherwise." What No doubt in time the excitement will pass, but a change these words imply for Spain, when they a trail of suspicion and ill-will is bound to remain. come from the highest Spanish Roman Catholic In the meantime all missions and Christian insti- authority.

tutions are suffering. The hostility is at present For evangelicals, the greater change is in the directed against Protestants and Catholics alike. attitude of millions of Spaniards toward religion.

Even attacks upon the Copts are reported. The The President of the Republic, Alcala Zamora, Government has at last aroused itself to restrain continues a devout Roman Catholic. Professor the press on the ground that the attacks are in- Fernando de los Rios declared himself publicly to citing the population to attacks upon lives and be an Erasmian; and Erasmus was not anti- property. Several such attacks have occurred but Christian. Even the ministers accused of being as yet there has been no loss of life. Undoubtedly anti-Christian have stated that they will not op- there will be, after extended negotiations, certain pose the right of the churches, whether Catholic regulations governing all missionary work. The or Protestant to preach and teach their respective non-Christian world seems to be especially sensi- creeds and practices. They only forbid making tive because of the influence of the foreigner and public schools, either primary, secondary, high his religion upon its rising generation. The ac- school or university, places for the official teaching cusation of undue influence over immature chil- of any religion. The United States is committed dren is hard to meet. It will go a long way to- to the same policies in the public schools.

ward satisfying both the Egyptian and the British For a Protestant, the most significant fact is the Governments if missions take the position which receptive attitude of millions of Spaniards to the the majority now accept, that minors must not be Gospel. While there are millions of Catholics, baptized without consent of parents. But in addi- who are narrow-minded and fanatic, and millions tion to this, the missionary must increasingly who do not believe that any religion is worthy of study what may be done to win the confidence and consideration, nevertheless the number of those love of Moslems, in spite of the enormous in- willing to revalue religion is increasing enor- heritance of hate built up by the Crusades and in mously since the proclamation of the Republic.• spite of the unreasoning opposition and suspicion Outside of some part of the Basque provinces, born of demagogic leadership, ignorance and emo- where the Roman Catholic Church retains abso- tional stress. Nothing but the love of Christ, lute and exclusive control, there is no province, no wholly disinterested, endlessly patient, penetra- important city nor town of any size, where suc- tingly wise and resourcefully creative and helpful, cessful evangelical meetings could not be held can possibly win. But this Christ love, if prac- among the middle class and the intellectuals. The tically manifested, can and will be victorious. two hundred or more Protestant churches need to be awakened in order to take advantage of the SIGNS OF A NEW SPAIN present opportunities. Sp~niards, well qualified, Most Spaniards do not perceive the changes tak- are willing to cooperate, among whom are profesing place in Spain as clearly as do foreign ob- sors in universities and institutes, pastors and servers. Even in the last two years there is a evangelists. great contrast between the old and the new, and between the Spain of the proclamation of the Re- Spain is ripe for a great evangelical awakening. public and the Spain which recently celebrated its In Madrid recently, when for the first time a week second anniversary. A new Spain is emerging. was devoted to the exhibition and sale of the best books available, the Bible Society's booth was the best attended and their sales larger than those of In religion. The Roman Catholic Church was any other publishing house. The Secretary of supreme and exclusive in Old Spain. In the Spain Education, Professor Fernando de los Rios; and of today fanaticism and the Inquisition are gone. the Mayor of Madrid, Don Pedro Rico, allowed Even the Roman Catholic hierarchy seems to have themselves to be photographed with some of the changed. After the proclamation of the Republic, evangelical leaders, Professor de los Rios ordering when the Constitutional Congress proclaimed the several hundred Bibles and Gospels for the new separation of Church and State and absolute free- public libraries.

dom of worship, the Roman hierarchy published In education, the new Spain emerges gloriously.

a pastoral protesting against such principles and It is difficult to believe some of the already accom- doctrines and proclaiming them anti-Christian plished facts. In the first year of the Republic, and anti-Spanish. Today, the new Primate of seven thousand new schools were opened. The Spain, Archbishop Goma y Tomas, has officially following year, four thousand more were opened; stated: "The Spanish Roman Catholic Church is and another three thousand will shortly be opened.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

The religious orders will not be allowed to teach Republic, and it has been won principally by the in secondary education from the first of October, Socialist members who stood for the Government.

and in primary education from the first of Jan- The greatest hope that the Republic will, in the uary, 1934. It seems incredible. The Secretary near future, secure internal peace and order, is of Education has pledged his word that such a due to the fact that criminals are promptly caught program will be carried out. and punished. In this, the Spanish Republic is It is not easy to prepare thousands of teachers demonstrating an efficiency worthy of imitation.

rapidly; but the Secretary of Education has A prominent French writer stated recently that shown himself a wonderful executive, not only Lenin, before his death, said to his followers: opening and preparing better normal schools for "After Russia, Spain is the country ripest for teachers, but he has sent experts to gather several Communism; and the victory of Communism in thousand old and new teachers for study and prep- Spain will be the best means for spreading it in aration in special training institutes, under spe- Europe and Hispanic-America. Let my followers cial professors for the months of June to October. remember this, and see to it."

Otherwise 350,000 pupils will be left without Hillaire Belloc wrote not long ago: "If the Ro- teachers, when the religious orders cease to teach. man Catholic Church loses Spain, its loss will be In addition to this, 1,200 public libraries have irreparable for the universal Roman Catholic been opened, and each year the Secretary of Edu- Church. So, all Catholics ought to do their best cation is spending more for new books than the to prevent the loss of Spain to the Roman Catholic monarchy spent in fifty years. Even the monarch- Church."

ists grudgingly praised his week devoted to the Protestant Christians should take cognizance of propagation of good books. The new Spain be- the importance of Spain and help to remake Spain lieves in popular and universal education. for the benefit of the Spaniards and for the bene- In politics, Spain is a new country. For the first fit of Hispanic-America. The friends of Spain time women voted in the election of municipal should lift up the banner to win Spain for Jesus officers; and, in spite of the fact that such elec- Christ and, through Spain, to win the countries tions took place in towns and villages where the in America which speak Spanish and Portuguese.

monarchy and the clergy exert greater influence, JUAN ORTIS GONZALEZ• . as a whole the women voted for the Republic. Less than one-third voted for the monarchy. THE PRESENT CRISIS IN JEWISH AFFAIRS In many activities, women are advancing even more than men. Before they were granted the At the present hour the Jews are facing a crisis vote, three women were elected to the Constitu- in their changeful history as great as any they tional Congress, and more than twenty as mayors have ever known. The movements in Jewish life of cities and towns. Formerly the duenna was the in our day are so momentous, and striking events companion and shadow of every woman consid- occur so rapidly, that those who see God's hand in ered a lady. Hebrew history wonder if the day, so long fore- Spain is recovering the leadership in Latin told, is not drawing near when the divine purpose America to an astonishing degree. When the will reach its climax and this remarkable people, Argentinian professor, Alfredo Palacios, so in- so marvellously preserved, will move forward to fluential with the new generation in Latin Amer- attain their destined end.

ica, was entertained in Madrid not long ago, he In America, Christianity is being challenged in pledged his word not only to further better under- an unprecedented way. Here is found the largest standing between Spain and Latin America, but and most influential Jewry in the world. What also to promote Spanish values in Latin America. happens to the 4,500,000 Jews in America will af- It is easy to see that what Spain does will have fect every Jewish community on earth. There are a great echo in all Spanish-speaking countries. more Jews in the United States today than there Now we have "The Day of the Spanish Flag" in were people in England in the days of Queen Eliza- American countries. beth. Yet for this multitude the Christian Church In public order two years ago, the greatest dan- has done almost nothing. They are still unevan- ger of the Republic was syndicalism. Almost a gelized, this people to whom Christians owe so million working men were promoting strikes, and great a debt, who were specially committed to His the worst aspect of such strikes was that many of followers by Christ Himself, and over whom the those syndicalists advocated policies analogous to purpose of God is still brooding. God is not yet those of the Soviets of Russia. After two years through with the Jews. And what is in the mind of struggle it is plain that they have lost the battle. of God should be in the mind of His followers.

All indications point to the dissolution of the The Christians of America are challenged to do organization. This has been one of the greatest something really worth while for the millions of victories in the way of public order gained by the this race of Jesus in our midst. These Jews are

just folks like ourselves, human souls for whom BRITISH VIEWS OF MISSIONS Christ died, just as He died for you and me. The Ann.ual Conference of British Missionary Furthermore, the Jewish situation in America Societies declared that the centre of missionary emphasizes the need and urgency of concerted and work today is the establishment of living indig- consecrated effort to interpret to them Jesus enous churches of Christ, that will become in- Christ our Lord from whom their people have been dependent of foreign control, but wholly depend- so long estranged. Things are not as they were on ent on Christ. There is a growing need for the Judean Road. The fall of the ghetto, and the economy in missionary expenditure but more projection of Jews into the neo-pagan conditions fundamental is the absolute necessity for close co- that followed in the wake of the World War have operation in breaking down barriers which are a had disastrous effects upon their religious beliefs hindrance to Christian progress.

and practices. The majority of Jews today have The Bishop of Tinnevelly said that he did not no contact with organized religion. The drift anticipate any very swift changes in India's re- from the synagogue has filled Jewish leaders with ligious situation despite political changes. Reli- alarm for the whole future of their people. Many gious communalism among Hindus and Moslems thousands of Jewish working people have become will probably have the effect of hardening those socialists and communists and furnish zealous communities against Christianity by fostering the propaganda for these causes. The Jewish intel- national feeling. .

lectuals have accepted a materialistic philosophy Dr. Merle Davis, who recently has been spend- of life. The well-to-do have largely given them- ing some months in Northern Rhodesia, has been selves to the pursuit of pleasure and material gain studying the effect of the rapid industrial de- and seek to satisfy their religious instincts by the velopment of the copper mining area of Central support of charitable causes. But Christianity too Africa. Modern industry is drawing men and has its chance. Jews today are open-minded. women away from the villages to the great min- They are ready to consider the claims of the Chris- ing areas, while the Government is attempting to tian faith. This is one of God's great days of reestablish rural and tribal life and reintroduce visitation. No wonder Dr. James Black, of Edin- indirect rule through the chiefs. Missions must burgh, declared "This is the day for which our relate their work to both tendencies. The African father's prayed." Thousands of Jews are opening native needs a strict and strong religion to enable their minds and hearts to Jesus Christ. If the him to withstand the temptations met in his con- Christians of America would only listen to the call tacts with a too often pagan Western civilization.

of God that comes from the white harvest field of Christian missions must seek to understand the American Jewry, the ingathering would be greater unexplored realms of the native mind and its at- than anything that has been seen since the days titude to rhythm, drama and the spirit world.

of the Apostles.

What is happening in Germany is a warning to the Christian forces of America. We have prided ANOTHER MISSIONARY CAMPAIGN ourselves in our tolerance and breadth of view The spring campaign was so notably successful that another is planned for this autumn, with Dr. forgetting that there is a vast amount of latent E. Stanley Jones, Dr. Herman C. E. Liu, and others as speakers. Already a stadium seating anti-Semitism in America, and some that is vocal twenty thousand has been engaged for Chicago's mass meeting; Grand Rapids has leased Civic and virulent. We have not forgotten the anti- Auditorium and Kansas City plans two mass meet- ings in the Convention Hall, with a capacity of Semitic outbursts of the Dearborn Independent ten thousand. This looks like a great missionary opportunity. According to the program outlined and the Ku Klux Klan. Christianity dare not by the Foreign Missions Conference Committee twenty-nine cities in sixteen States and the Dispalter with such a violation of the Spirit of Christ. trict of Columbia will be visited.

Christians must set their faces with unyielding The campaign will open in Worcester, Massa- chusetts (September 28-29), cooperating with determination against all racial prejudice and dis- local churches and other Christian agencies "in presenting anew our own and the world's need of crimination, especially toward the race of iJnestuhs~ which has suffered more than any other Christ; the wealth of resources for life in Him, past, and over which the agony of fear still hovers. and the call of God and the challenge of the pres- This is a day when the Christian forces of ent world situation." * America must unite to fulfil their obligation to the III See "Dates to Remember."

Jews. The efforts, now being made through the Home Missions Council and the International Mis- sionary Council to rouse the Christian churches and every other Christian agency to share in the work of befriending the Jews and in winning them to Christ, call for the prayers and earnest support of all who are concerned for the redemption of Israel. JOHN STUART CONNING.

An Evangelistic Report from

By the REV. AND MRS. JAMES P. LEYNSE Peiping Missionaries of the American Presbyterian Church THIS year a Japanese invasion, a nation-wide humiliation, an over- ruling militarism, martial law for months, radical change of gov- ernment overnight, a battle with communism, an overflow of refugees from the war zone, business at a standstill, and depressing letters from home, all added their touch of black to the already dark background of city-evangelistic work at Peiping. Splashes of unusual color, however, relieve the picture and make it vivid, rich and outstand- ing in brightness.

The whole year was like an intensive course of service in the Kingdom. Opportunities of an amazing sort were in evidence, and the spiritual side of our activities became increasingly defi- nite. There was the power of God to save souls and a strong belief in conversion. The Fall work started with a city-wide spir- itual uplift, deep, genuine, and forward looking as never experienced in the history of Peiping.

A month of revival meetings, with crowded audiences four times each day, were the dynamic for the spiritual life and activities of our church members. Since the revival the three city churches have become self-governing without financial assistance from mission or other foreign funds. It is of primary importance that the work of the early churches was mostly carried on by volunteer workers. Therefore we stressed the duty of all Christians to witness for Christ and to engage in serviee for Him as a healthy expression of faith. Response was most gratifying. Dur- ing the year a large proportion of the church services, chil- dren's churches, Sunday schools, prayer meetings, weddings, funerals, clubs, and Bible classes, as well as most of the street chapel meetings, held every night at two places of the city, have been led by unpaid lay-church leaders.

The increasing attendance revealed plainly that the Chinese volunteer workers, who can tell others of what Christ Jesus has done for them, are sure of a large and attentive hearing. Some of our members showed strong spiritual life and joyfully paid for it with great suffering; like the three sisters Chao. Early in the year they were converted, and were severely beaten by their father. They kept on praying while rebuke, reviling, and mistreatment was showered upon them. When" their father locked them up they sang, when beaten they prayed, when spat upon they testified. One day they were driven away from home. They decided the two oldest sisters should become servants so as to support the youngest one in a Bible school where she might become an evangelist.

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In the present independent movement of Chris- Often during the year we have been tempted to tianity we are learning to make our eclipse at the have our Chinese calling cards printed with reg- right psychological moment so that Chinese ular daily "at home" hours, but as yet we are at Christians, like Mr. Chao Te Li, who almost home to many Chinese from before breakfast to knows the Bible by heart, preaches to large audi- ten o'clock at night, week days as well as Sundays.

ences every day, and holds Bible classes in the Both men and women, young and old come to our once famous examination Hall of the magnificent home, frankly ignoring our very modern electric Confucius temple of Peiping. Never before has door bell, and stepping unannounced inside the our message been so well received, never before living room, knowing that there is always a wel- have the people been so ready to listen to direct come.

evangelism; wherever we go the doors are wide Usually these visitors carefully cultivate the open. Oriental way of shielding the object of their visit We are responsible for daily evangelistic meet- behind a prolonged conversation on every-day ings in two Gospel Halls located at strategic subjects. A great deal of our time is patiently r_.-.J points in Peiping. The daily program at given to this custom as the majority of our call- chapel con- ers have behind their pretense a real interest in the Chiao Tao K'ou street children of Christianity. Some of our visitors are destitute, sists of: a school for the r"'" the street, an English night ~ school for some are curious and like tq wander through all students, Bib I e classes, worn en's the strangeness of a Western mind clubs, a service for two hun d red and home. But most of them want children on Sunday after noons, and to see how Christians practice their evening Gospel meetings for men preaching, desire guidance through and women in the hall, and chil- the avenues of life, confess their dren's meetings in a side room. At need for spiritual power and their the Hou Men Gospel Hall there are longing for something worth while each week ten evangelistic meetings, in life.

usually with a well-filled hall and In our contact with many Chinese four groups of Bible classes. callers we have met very few who These are the days of direct evan- professed to be Taoists, Buddhists gelism! There are cheering signs in or Confucianists. The great major- street chapel activities. The sons ity were without any religion and and daughters of China are sitting the realms of the spiritual world around the Word of Truth-a dense were new and strange to them. The crowd at a Biblical lantern talk, a Manchurian crisis, boycotts and the good-sized audience at the Gospel economical reprisals are helping to hour, a group of men at an inquir- drive them toward something higher er's class, and an overwhelming than common materialism. Even throng of children at the Bible story tanks, bombs, planes, and guns can hour. Many church members are at be turned into implements of the each meeting to welcome the new- Kingdom.

comers. We always find there old With our Chinese evangelists we official Ch'eng, the retired business ..,.r.-_____., ~ held various group meetings for the man Fu, the widow Lan, and a group deepening of religious experience in of students on whom we can count. Many a church the home of Christians as well as in the church member starts there his or her activities as a prayer room. These meetings were possibilities volunteer lay leader, like little Miss K'ung who for the upbuilding of the churches. When a new brought this year her father and mother to Christ. believer has seen a vision of Christ he or she is Her father had been an opium addict for 30 years, taught to pray. From the very beginning some and her mother a slave to opium for 12 years, and of them grasp the wonder of it all. Young Dr.

both were healed without any medical assistance Li, a son of an elder of one of our churches, with in one month's time by faith only. Two young tears in his eyes, testified that he was for weeks men, who before last summer had never held a surrounded by Japanese soldiers in the war zone, Bible in their hands, never had prayed, or never often in life danger, starved, and cruelly treated, even heard the Gospel, are now leading other but that the prayers remembered helped him young men to the meetings. People listen with through and made him dedicate his life to the keen interest, very different from the restless Lord's service. At these meetings the Christian audience of some years ago. The anti-Christian Scriptures are held as the life-giving Word and movement, once very much alive, has been many who came under the sound of the Gospel drowned into an ocean of interest. were born again by the Word of God.

CHEERING SIGNS FROM CHINA

Many parents of our neighborhood have become to spread the Good Tidings?" Let all be preachers.

interested in Christ through their children attend- The Church members of two city churches be- ing the Sunday School. Mrs. Chao testified that ing strongly evangelistic minded and for years she had been an atheist and had led a worldly trained in volunteer activities, have for two years life. Often she heard her children recite Bible successfully done away with the paid ministry.

verses and sing Christian hymns. Once when This year the third church followed this example seriously ill she heard her children pray aloud for and is now relying upon the life and expression her recovery. She prayed herself and this was of its members and local leaders for spiritual food.

the first step toward her conversion. Another This experiment, influenced by the poor econom- mother, Mrs. Chang, told how her little son, one ical conditions prevailing in North China, is of the Sunday school children, only seven years thoughtfully watched by us.

old, persuaded her to follow Jesus, and not to burn The goal of all our work is to make Jesus Christ incense nor worship the idols. When he was dying, known in this great land of struggle and confu- he asked his mother to place all the little Sunday sion. China today is hungry for a spiritual force.

school pictures in his hands when he was put in We missionaries are proclaiming Jesus Christ in his coffin. The mother now comes to our meetings His glory, but another force, communism, has to find the way her little son had pointed out come over the Great Wall. It is marching ahead, to her. knocking at each city gate; holding out its hands The high tide of nationalism has made a deep to the young men and women. A war is on. Com- inroad upon the life of the church. Our three munism or Christianity …. who shall lead China?

city churches did away this year with denomina- Let us Christians give ourselves forcefully and tional distinctions and with differences in church positively to evangelistic aggressiveness so as to leadership of men and women. The churches are win China for Christ.

now governed locally by committees of both men and women, under a city-wide Presbytery of vari- The above stirring report came in the Editor's mail as ous denominations, and are called the Chinese a beautifully illustrated letter. These "cheering signs" are Christian Churches. an antidote to present day discouragements and a correc- tive to criticisms of missions appearing in books, maga- The present tendency in our Peiping church life zines and reports. is for a religious democracy, a fuller, better and more collective sharing of the elements of wor- ship. There is growing amongst our ChInese church members a feeling, expressed in the words: "Why should we have one man preach to us Sunday after Sunday when we all are called

Tshisunga Wins Backsliders*

D ANIEL TSHISUNGA, of Luebo, in the pared. Scripture verses are given out the week Congo State, was once a professed Chris- before to be learned, and young men, women and tian but had backslidden far into fights, sin, older folks from here and there all over the audi- prison. But when he came back, he came afire ence rise and repeat their verses as called for.

with a brighter flame than ever before, and with These all bear on the subject of the sermon. Then a desire to rekindle the fires in the hearts of others. Tshisunga himself rises and talks. A most earnest While he worked at his ivory-carving for a liveli- reasoning appeal is to those who are slipping away hood, he dedicated certain days each week to go- from Christ, to turn back to the only sure and safe ing out into the highways and byways to search path. Prayer, real prayer, is offered, and those out those fallen from grace, to talk their problems who wish help are asked to stay after the service.

through with them, to pray with them. On Sun- Nearly always there are three, five, eight or ten day afternoons, at his own house, he started meet- who remain and ask help to disentangle them- ings especially for backsliders. Such Sunday selves from the mix-ups of sin. From that hour afternoon meetings are unique, and should be Tshisunga is their friend and counsellor, his home undertaken in many places. is open to them, he goes in search of opportunities In the front yard of Daniel Tshisunga's house at to advise with them, to strengthen them. He takes Luebo, and overflowing into his neighbor's prem- them for visits with the missionaries. All availises, gather some seven or eight hundred people. able sources of help are thrown around them. One outstanding thing is the number of different people who take part. Tshisunga has found that Several of the missionaries at Luebo remarked: the busier people are at their job, the happier and "Daniel Tshisunga is the greatest individual humore faithful they are, and he knows how to set man force at work in our Luebo church today." folks to work. One great channel was music. Tshisunga found an old organ, crippled and casta- The influence of Tshisunga has leaped to other way by one of the missionaries. Tshisunga took stations. During a visit to Bibanga, Tshisunga the parts that he could use and by supplementing began in a quiet way his usual type of work, them with an old accordion constructed a very which broke into a flame of renewed consecration good organ, which he himself plays. From native and enthusiasm for the things of God. The torch gourds of varying sizes, topped by wooden keys of of evangelism which men like Moody, Sankey, various thickness, he has made a xylophone, tuned Spurgeon, and Kagawa have lifted high – may with his organ. This he has taught his own two have lighted also a torch in the hands of some of little boys of about 9 and 13 years of age to play. our African brethren? In the various language It is a treat to hear them. Tshisunga said, "God areas men like Tshisunga might make their greathas helped me much in giving these boys musical est contribution to the Kingdom in definite evan- gelism not only in their own, but in other mis- sions.

talent. I used to depend on others to play the xylo- phone but they were not always at hand when I INTOXICATING DRINK needed them for a service. My own boys are." Has drained more blood, His wife is also his faithful helper and, in her Hung more crepe, garden in the forest, has her prayer nook where Sold more homes, she goes for prayer every day. Tshisunga goes to Plunged more people into bankruptcy, meet her and there together they kneel in prayer Armed more villains, in that nook that has become to them both a real Slain more children, place of power. Snapped more wedding rings, Defiled more innocence, A large group of village children play all sorts Blinded more eyes, of native instruments from pae-pae stem flutes to 'I'wisted more limbs, the little steel stringed "esanji" of widespread use Dethroned more reason, in Africa, accompanying another group as they Wrecked more manhood, sing hymns. These children, some forty of them, Dishonored more womanhood, sing Negro spirituals which have been translated Broken more hearts, into their own language. Two old men play hymns Blasted more lives, on native instruments. A group of young men Driven more to suicide, sing special hymns and sing well in parts. Older And dug more graves, men and women also sing songs especially pre- Than any other poisoned scourge that ever swept its death-dealing waves across the World.-EVANGELINE • From (fongo Mission News. BOOTH • [420 ]

Peru, Revisited*

By the REV. JOHN A. MACKAY, D.D., New York Author of "The Other Spanish Christ"j Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T HE first to welcome me at Callao on April real progress in Lima since we left Peru for 21st was an old friend from Callao, one of Uruguay at the end of 1925. The erection of new the oldest evangelicals in the port. He is buildings is no sure index of the spiritual growth one of those great, simple, loyal souls one meets of a movement but in the case of the five archicontinually in humble life in these countries. It tectural additions to the Evangelical Movement was not long ere other friends, Peruvian and which have made their appearance in Lima in the Anglo-Saxon, began to arrive and at 9 A. M. we last three years, I feel that they are the natural all left for the shore on the launch of the British bodies of souls which had long needed more ade- Legation. On the wharf were some old pupils of quate material dwellings. The old mission halls the Anglo-Peruvian College to welcome their of the Methodist Episcopal Church and the Evanteacher of bygone days. We motored up to Lima gelical Union of South America, which until 1915 by the magnificent new highway. Half an hour were forbidden by law to hang as much as a notice later, I found myself installed at the British Lega- board on the outside to denote their religious tion as a guest of the British Minister. I recalled character, are now substituted by specially contrying experiences of ten years before, and was structed church buildings. conscious of the fact that the Government in power could not contemplate with particular Two Mission Schools pleasure my presence in the country at a time Methodism is also represented by the "Wolfe when it was carrying on a policy of relentless Memorial Building." This commemorates a life cruelty against its political enemies, hundreds of which held within it the promise of a new day in whom, among them some dear friends of mi.ne, the history of Evangelical Christianity in Peru, were pining away without trial in nauseatmg but which succumbed to the rigors of a journey prison cells. But I did not realize at the time across the high Cordillera, when it had scarce the full providential import of my place of resi- come into action. The Methodist Women's Board dence. That became apparent during the second has housed the "Lima High School" in a magnifi- week of my stay. cent plant. I have seen no more perfect and The physical aspect of Lima has greatly attractive school building in South America. It has a splendid auditorium, seating five hundred changed. During his eleven years' dictatorship people, which in view of the lack of public halls President Leguia had maintained the reputation in Lima, is destined to play an increasingly imof South American dictators for beautifying cap- portant role in the cultural life of the city. All ital cities by converting the Peruvian capital and .the splendid schools carried on in South America its environs into the second most beautiful city by the Women's Board of the Methodist Episcopal in South America. Lima is now surpassed in Church are committed to the policy of making colorfulness only by Rio de Janeiro. It has the English the chief medium of instruction and of same combination of sea and mountain landscapes reproducing the features of a North American that Rio has, with a similar network of lovely institution. By so doing they undoubtedly distree-lined avenues and an endless succession of charge a valuable function and make a great apthe most diverse architectural types. And Lima peal to a certain section of the communities in has something which the Brazilian capital has which they operate. They greatly limit, however, not-a certain austerity reminiscent of parts of Spain and North Africa, a sombreness born of their usefulness by failing to provide for those bare hillsides and wide stretches of burnt earth. girls who look forward to rendering some direct Lack of rain puts a curb on tropical nature in the form of service to their country in teaching or old town of Pizarro. other professions. I tremble for the future of The Evangelical'Movement in Peru has made these schools' whenever a wave of nationalism • From a letter written (May 8th) on the way south to Val· puts a ban on any language but Spanish as the paralso after Dr. MaQkay had spent two weeks in Peru visiting the official language of education, and severely limits haunts and friends of his first miSSionary years.

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the proportion of foreign teachers. Unless the About ninety people came together at the Lega- present policy is modified it will be difficult for tion on Sunday morning for one of the weekly schools of this kind ever to become an organic part breakfasts for "fraternity and meditation" which of the life of the evangelical community in the the Y. M. C. A. has been holding. Advantage was countries which they serve. taken of my presence to invite all sorts of old The most pleasant surprise that awaited me friends and acquaintances for "desayuno" and a was to see the new home of the "Colegio Anglo- message. Besides a considerable section of young Peruano," which was founded in 1917 by a young men belonging to the Y. M. C. A. and a few mis- Scotch couple, as a small elementary school. The sionaries and national pastors, there were men new plant, erected in 1931, occupies one of the belonging to every walk of life in the city, parfinest sites in the city, and although the ground ticularly the professional classes, lawyers, doctors, and building together cost only one hundred thou- teachers, old university colleagues, and members sand dollars, the result is a structural marvel. of the National Congress.

The "Anglo," as it is familiarly known in Lima, The theme of my talk was "Spiritual Rebirth,"

is carried on by the Free Church of Scotland Mis- an informal analysis of Christ's encounter with sion to Peru under the leadership of Dr. A. W. the Samaritan woman. I feel with greater Renwick. It has already become the largest pri- strength than ever that the home must become vate school in Lima, in spite of the fact that more and more the center of the new era in evan- among its competitors are several large Roman gelism. House parties for spiritual ends must be Catholic schools of long standing. Its present made the order of the day. This is particularly enrolment is 460 boys. The fees are sufficient to true in South America where there exists so much pay all teachers' salaries, including those of mis- prejudice in the minds of many people, even sionary teachers, except the principal's, and to among people who are sincerely seeking God, make special provision for the children of evan- against entering a church building or taking part gelical parents, without any subvention whatever in any formal religious service. Christianity, as from the home Church. The official school lan- we know it, must be deprofessionalized and re- guage is Spanish, and I know of no foreign in- duced to its simplest elements. It must return to stitution in South America which is so closely the home where it began. The "church which is identified with the national life. It was an im- in thy house" needs to become a living reality in pressive and comforting experience to see the the modern world, if churches are to be saved loyalty of teachers and alumni. On the second from becoming God's tomb through failing to be Saturday of my visit they entertained their old His body.

head and a wayfarer's heart was full to over- A New Youth Movement flowing. One particularly great pleasure was to One evening it was my privilege to address a see how many of myoId boys were beginning to joint meeting of Peruvian evangelicals in one of find a spiritual home in one of the new evangelical the local churches. I spoke on the personality of churches in the city, and how many more were Paul, as Roman citizen, Christian and missionary. members of the local Christian Association. A large number of young people were present. A Promo,ting Spiritual Brotherhood new movement of evangelical youth seems to have come to the birth in Peru as it has in Chile, The Y. M. C. A. too has a new home in Lima Argentine, and Uruguay, offering great promise in a rented house which provides more adequate for the future. The young people refuse to be headquarters for an Association whose chief se.ctarian and to be kept from each other by deglory, since it was organized in the city in 1919, nominational shackles. They are becoming aware has been its peripatetic character. The true home of their mission and that of evangelical Christianof the Lima Association has been on the road, in ity on the continent. The Christian attitude to camps, in casual meetings of groups of friends, war is a subject which has been agitating their in diverse activities it has organized throughout minds ever since their country and Colombia be- the city. In the best sense it has been a move- gan hostilities.

ment more than an institution. It continues to In general there appears to be an increasing provide an "Interpreter's House" by the wayside spirit of unity and brotherliness among the vari- for the youth and manhood of Lima who are in ous evangelical organizations in Peru. This must search of God and the meaning of life. It is not be allowed to develop in a natural way and no the Association's function to become a church, Iattempt, however well intentioned, must be made yet in the present transition time it is the only from the outside to fit cooperative activity into church many of its members know. The Secre- 'any predetermined mould. What is needed is tary, Dr. J. C. Field, is one of the spiritual land- spirit, especially the Holy Spirit. The time has marks of Lima. come for a fresh study of the principles bearing

LIMA, PERU, REVISITED

upon Christian unity and cooperation. The un- is the thing most worthwhile living and dying pleasant feeling begins to creep in upon me as I for? At the close we were ready to consider this study mission reports from different parts of the question and should have dealt with it on the folworld that the particular form in which coopera- lowing Tuesday evening under the title of "Betive activity has been carried on for the last yond Man," had not circumstances prevented our decade or two has led to the submergence of some meeting. of the values and a great deal of the passion which the Christian missionary movement had in On Saturday I was invited to attend a luncheon earlier days. Is it possible for Christians to co- of the Directors of the Y. M. C. A. in the home operate more with each other and less with God? of Dr. D. A. McCormack of the British-American Maya splendid cooperative movement, which has Hospital of Bellavista, a suburb of Callao. Durmade cooperation an end in itself, become strange- ing the last ten years the Bellavista Hospital has ly unaware of the nature and function of the become famous on the whole Pacific Coast of Christianity that unites its component groups and South America for the marvellous surgery of that be tragically unsensitive to the real forces that prince of missionary doctors who was our host. are at work in the contemporary world situation? He left a flourishing practice in Wisconsin in In a word, is it possible for us to think and do 1923 to give a period to missionary work and is, together good things which are not God's things without exaggeration, one of the greatest Chrisfor the present hour, and so become beached on tian men I have ever known. His success as a ,a pleasant picnic strand, while the grea~ river of surgeon and physician is due in no small degree God flows on bearing bolder craft upon its eddies? to his extraordinary capacity for friendship. The These questions suggested themselves as I sat friendliness of ~he man inspires each patient with down with the members of the Evangelical Alli- limitless faith in the doctor. ance of Peru and studied with them a plan for a National Christian Council. The document em- Assas.sination of President Cerro bodying the new project, which was drafted by Mr. John Ritchie of the American Bible Society, The road to Bellavista was a significant, not to is of an extraordinarily interesting nature. say uncanny, spectacle. Every hundred meters or so was posted on either side of the highway, or Interrupted Lectures on a little eminence overlooking it, an armed sol- dier with his rifle. President Sanchez Cerro was On Friday evening, I gave the first of the three also to lunch out of town that day and the route public lectures. As the University had been closed was guarded to prevent the possibility of an ammoriths before by government order, and it did bush. He was creating that day the precedent not seem advisable to speak in a theater, it was of lunching in a Japanese steamer in Callao Bay. decided to hold the lectures in the Auditorium of Japan and Peru have been on more than ordinary the Lima High School. The general subject of friendly terms since the day that Peru's envoy to the course was "The Philosophy of a Wayfarer." the League of Nations walked out of the Assembly The theme was crystallized in the phrase, "From in imitation of his Japanese colleague. Peru has the Balcony to the Road." What a marvelous lan- since tried to make a special arrangement with guage Spanish is for the passionate presentation Japan for the purchase of arms and munitions in of truth! My object in this lecture was analysis exchange for guano. According to statistics puband preparation of the ground for the two which lished in one of the Lima papers, the Japanese were to follow. I described the two life attitudes colony is now the largest foreign colony in Lima symbolized by the balcony and the road, and and Callao, numbering about ten thousand. showed how in an increasing degree in our time men are forced to abandon the balcony attitude That same afternoon I attended a special tea of the spectator and obliged to take their place at the "Colegio Anglo-Peruano" and spoke to a as wayfarers upon a road. After dealing with group of teachers and old boys in reflective mood some illusions of the thought period which on "Seven years ago and now," I described the stretches back to the Renaissance, I spoke of the present movement in human history as a parenviolent descent in life and thought, from the ideal- thesis, though I did not realize then the full sigism of the balcony to the realism of the road. I nificance of the parenthesis as applied to Peru. tried to show how, in the world of today, people Next day the President of the Republic was are becoming polarized into two groups, the be- assassinated. This tragic event occurred in the wildered and the crusaders. The future lies with middle of my stay in Lima, upset my whole promen and women who have found something to live gram for the second week and gave rise to an and die for, with crusaders, with the "violent unexpected sequel. This whole matter is so imwho take the Kingdom by force." But who are portant, and will involve, in order to deal with it the crusaders who have a real future, and what adequately, an excursion into recent political his- tory in Peru, so that it is better to resume it in my next letter.

Real Basis of Christian

By the REV. CHARLES R. ERDMAN, D.D., LL.D., Princeton, N. J.

President of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

THE greatest book in the world is chiefly con- Old Testament as well as the New Testament. cerned with the most significant enterprise The central theme of the Bible is redemption in the world. Such is the relation of the through Christ with a view to the establishment Bible to Christian missions. This fact is not al- of the perfected Kingdom of God upon earth.

ways recognized and is too frequently forgotten. With that great theme every book and every por- A young Englishman, who later became famous tion of the sacred Scriptures are connected. Such as a statesman, questioned the legitimacy of for- a revelation of a divine provision for the needs eign missions when he first visited the Orient, of the world, such a message of salvation through and declared that the missionary enterprise was faith in a universal Saviour, implies that upon based wholly upon the misinterpretation of a those to whom the Good News has come there single sentence from the New Testament. His rests the obligation of sharing their knowledge assertion had been made often with all mankind. The entire before by others, and has been Bible is a record of the loving repeated frequently since. It is What is the charter of the plan of God for the whole often answered by the counter Christian missionary enter- world, of the accomplishment assertion that the entire Bible prise? Is the work the out- of His saving purpose in the is a handbook of missions. growth of an ambition to in- mission of His Son, and of the crease the power and size of witness borne to ever-widening Both statements are inaccu- a sect-as some would have circles by those who found life rate. At least it is absolutely us believe? Is it based on a in Christ and who sought to certain that the Great Commis- desire for world conquest, or extend His sway by establishsion, to which the critic re- on a conviction that Chris- ing His Church in all the lands ferred, is not misinterpreted, tian principles promote pros- as he supposed, when it is ap- perity? Is the missionary of the earth. In this larger sense plied to others than the apostles impulse merely philosophical the Bible is in very truth an of Christ. As understood by the or humanitarian or religious? inspired Handbook of Missions. early Church, and by the most On the rock of this discus- To read the "Sacred Library" heroic and influential spirits sion spilt the various groups with this great thought in view through all the Christian cen- is to discover that the sixty-six turies, this commission is for of men whose views of mis- diverse documents form a sinall Christians; it is the inevi- sions differ. Read what Dr. gle Book, and to note what each table answer to the question of Erdman says of the real origin writer has to contribute to this a greater Englishman, the Iron and basis of Christian mis- one great theme is to enter sions-in the purpose and program and command of Duke, "What are your march- God. more fully into sympathy with ing orders?" the gracious purpose of God On the other hand if the mis- and to desire more earnestly to sionary enterprise is conceived somewhat narrow- make known His salvation to all the peoples of ly in terms of a society of believers sending their the earth.

fellow believers to proclaim certain doctrines in Even the ancient Law, the "Five Books of distant lands, then the Bible is not wholly con- Moses," with which the sacred narrative opens, cerned with missionary activity. There are spe- reveals a God of grace who is preparing to re- cific passages which picture such a definite deem a fallen race. There is a missionary impli- endeavor, but that is not the substance of the cation even in the sublime words which stand first Bible story. However, if one turns from the mat- in the story, "In the beginning God created the ter of method to consider the missionary motive heavens and the earth." The one living, personal and message, or the divine origin and the goal of God, the Creator and Ruler of all, is then shown the enterprise, then one is dealing with a move- to be the Saviour of mankind. He chooses a ment which is related to the entire content of the family, which develops into a nation, and the [424 ] divine purpose is that "all the nations of the and arresting example is the story of Jonah. Here world" may be blessed. The great tragedy of his- is depicted a prophet who is sent by Jehovah to a tory is that Israel failed to see the intent of God's heathen nation with a summons to repentance.

election and regarded as a special privilege and So little sympathy does he have with the divine monopoly the very revelation which was intended purpose of grace that he refuses to go, and after for t.e whole world. The sacred Law was used as . severe discipline, when his message has been de- a barrier to exclude other nations from the gra- livered and heeded, he wishes to die in his anger cious promises and provisions of God. This same because Nineveh is not destroyed. This story was temptation to regard the saving knowledge of 'intended to rebuke Israel for its narrow exclu- God as a private possession rather than as a siveness and its heartless indifference to the spir- sacred trust, has beset the people of God, Jewish itual needs of other nations; and it has its ob- or Christian, through all the centuries down to vious application today to the selfish and narrow the present day. souls who do not admit the necessity and recog- The Saving Purpose of God nize the duty of sending messengers of God's grace to distant lands. The Historical Books record widening opportunities granted to Israel as a witness to the sur- For the Whole World rounding nations but also pitiful declensions into When one turns to the New Testament Gos- apostasy, and then the severe discipline by which pels he is at once in a missionary atmosphere and the people ultimately were turned fro:rp. idolatry environment. There is no question but that the to serve the one tr,ue God. In these very narra- Christ there revealed regarded His salvation as tives, our Lord Jesus Christ discerned intimations needed by all men, and as provided for the whole that the saving purpose of God was never con- world. For certain reasons He confined His fined to one privileged race. "There were many earthly ministry to the limits of His own land.

widows in Israel in the days of Elijah," he was Yet at one time He entered the Gentile regions heard to say, "but to none of them was the of Tyre and Sidon and there pronounced His prophet sent, but to a widow of Zarephath in the most astonishing beatitude upon a woman who land of Sidon"; and "there were many lepers in was a Greek. His first great teaching as to the Israel in the time of Elisha the prophet; and nature and the fatherhood of God was made to a none of them was cleansed, but only Naaman the Samaritan, and he explicitly declared to the Jews Syrian." Then too, in these historical narratives, that the spiritual privileges they enjoyed belonged Ruth, the Moabitess, is recorded as becoming the to all nations, and that because of their unbelief wife of Boaz and the ancestress of the Messianic "The kingdom of God" would be taken away from King. them" and "given to a nation" that would ex- This note of "the wideness in God's mercy" is hibit the power of it.

sounded more frequently and is continually pro- Under the shadow of the cross Jesus was heard longed in the writings of the Psalmists and the to declare, "And I, if I be lifted up from the Prophets. All through the Psalter there is con- earth, will draw all men to myself." During the stant praise to Jehovah as the God of the whole days of His ministry He had chosen and trained earth, and continual anticipations and praises of and sent forth messengers to proclaim His gos- that King who is to reign in righteousness over pel. After His resurrection He empowered them all nations, whose "name" is to "endure for ever," by His Spirit to be His witnesses among all na- in whom "all men shall be blessed," whom "all tions. That this commission was not intended nations" shall pronounce "blessed." Many of the only for a local group, in a limited era, is made Psalms are perfect missionary hymns; and in the clear by the promise of the divine Presence in a very petition of the singers there is the explicit task which was to continue "unto the end of the missionary motive: "God be merciful unto us age." Even aside from the specific commands of and bless us ….. that thy way may be known Christ no one can study the Gospel narratives upon earth, thy salvation among all nations." without the deepening conviction that there rests The Old Testament prophets unite in their pre- upon all the followers of Christ the absolute obli- diction of a golden age when all peoples will be gation to make known His salvation by life and united under the sway of a Ruler who is pictured word, as widely as possible, throughout the whole both as a vicarious Sufferer and as a universal world.

Sovereign. The spiritual blessings which had be- In the Acts of the Apostles one finds an in- longed to the Jew are to be the common inherit- comparable Manual of Missions, even when the ance of the whole race. word "missions" is used in its most modern and There are, moreover, prophetic intimations of restricted and technical sense. The first seven what are regarded more technically as the mis- chapters, relating the founding and organizing of sionary obligation and method. One surprising the Christian church, indicate the divinely or-

dained place and importance of the church in the faces the power and pride of the political or intelconduct of missions. The method of world evan- lectual princes of the world. gelization is not that of mere verbal heralding of the Gospel in various lands; it is rather that of A study of the Acts raises the question as to establishing among the nations, independent, self- whether the modern missionary enterprise is not sustaining and self-propagating societies of be- somewhat cumbered by machinery and hampered lievers. by huge institutions, and whether there should not be a nearer approach to the simple and spir- The second section of the Acts rebukes the itual methods of Saint Paul. narrow nationalism and the selfish provincialism which deny the need of missionary service, as it Even a cursory review of the New Testament shows how the Church of Christ broadened from Epistles reveals that these are missionary letters, a Jewish sect into a universal Christian brother- written by itinerant evangelists to infant churches hood. As one follows the journeys of Saint Paul, or to Christian workers in various cities and he finds himself reading a mission study-book provinces of the ancient world. Had it not been perfectly adapted to the conditions of the pres- for the early missionary effort these priceless ent day. messages never would have been written. Their precious contents indicate the need of giving The first journey indicates the need of a strong wise oversight to the Christian converts made at church in the homeland, the high character re- any time, by messengers of the Cross. quired of mission workers, the strategy of establishing outposts at influential centers, and the aim The Apocalypse, which crowns the Book of of giving permanence to results by the organiza- Books, is a majestic vision of the ultimate issue tion of local churches. of missionary endeavor. It depicts the triumph of Christ, when the kingdoms of the world shall The Council of Jerusalem set forth the Mis- have become His Kingdom, and when at last all sionary Message. The story of the evangelists at the nations of the earth shall rejoice in the light Philippi pictures the spiritual needs of the world. of the Holy City, the New Jerusalem, the Bride The address of Paul on Mars Hill shows the right of the Lamb, the Church of the living God. approach to non-Christian religions. The experience of the apostle at Corinth indicates the trials If missionary zeal ever lessens, if the Church and the triumphs of the missionary messenger. loses its vision, or becomes indifferent to the com- The mighty work at Ephesus indicates the Pente- mand of our Lord, the first and unfailing recourse costal power upon which all Christian witnesses must be to study anew, with patience and with may depend. The farewell address to the Ephesian prayer, the oracles of God, the messages of elders gives a model epitome of missionary mo- prophets and of apostles, the inspired "Directory tives. The defense of Paul before Agrippa con- of Service," which obligates the followers of stitutes a great apologetic for Christianity as it Christ to speed the Gospel message to the utter- most parts of the earth.

United Presbyterian Foreign Missions T HE United Presbyterian Church of North presbyteries and a membership of 65,712, or America has a continuous record of interest 10,000 more than the total membership of the in foreign missions for the seventy-five years parent church in America at the time of the orof its corporate history. The Anniversary was ganization in 1858. On the mission fields selfcelebrated at the meeting of the General Assembly support has increased and many of the organized of the Church in Pittsburgh, June 28 to July 2. churches will soon be ready for independence. Dr. Wm. B. Anderson, Secretary of the Foreign Board, was elected Moderator and presented the All of the United Presbyterian Church mission challenge of Christ for the future. fields present the Gospel of Christ to Moham- medans and it seems evident that future effort During this period of 75 years, the past three- should be directed toward this difficult work of quarters of a century, 519 missionaries have re- evangelizing the Mohammedan people through the ceived appointment and only one of these with- churches already established. drew from service because of discouragement, five resigned because of personal dissatisfaction and The deficit which has accumulated during the nine because of doctrinal differences. The 504 past seven or eight years is to be reduced by half who remained in service indicate the devotion of (from $341,000 to $174,000) by redesignating certhe missionaries to Christ and His service. tain funds at the disposal of the Board. Prop- erties in some of the mission fields are also to be In the United Presbyterian mission fields there sold to provide for the remainder of the deficit. are now 253 organized congregations with 11 REV. R. W. CALDWELL, D.D.

Pueblo Indian Christians

Persecuted?

The Story of Present-Day Illegal Flogging in the United States By JOHN M. SOMERNDIKE, D.D., -~~I ============N=Te=W=Y=o=rk============~.- THE persecution of native Christians in for- versions has been comparatively small because eign countries finds an interesting parallel in many who secretly believe have feared to face the the recent flogging of Andrea Frague, a consequences of public profession of faith in Jemez Indian, by order of the Pueblo Council for Christ. Recently the missionary has been encourthe "misdemeanor" of reading the Bible and at- aged by the evidences of a growing spirit of cour- tending Christian services. age in those who desire to learn more about the For many years the Presbyterian Church has "Jesus Way." The attitude of recent governors maintained a mission in Jemez, New Mexico. also has been more tolerant and friendly. For a Notwithstanding persistent opposition to the ef- year or more the missionary had been permitted forts to evangelize these peo- to conduct his services in ple, the work has been con- peace and those who desired tinued for more than fifty to attend were unmolested.

years by consecrated men and He was praising God for these women who in their zeal to manifestations of a more rewin the Indians to Christ ceptive attitude toward the have not counted their lives as Gospel and his heart was dear unto themselves. They cheered by the prospect of at have seen their congregations last being able openly to culti- intimidated by threats of per- vate the faith of a group who secution, expulsion from their would form the nucleus of a homes, confiscation of their church which would grow and property, and exile from the whose influence would evenpueblo. Their services have tually destroy the pagan be- frequently been rudely inter- liefs and practices to which rupted by showers of stones this P u e b r0 had adhered hurled against the doors and tenaciously. windows. The missionaries In this confident spirit the themselves have been threat- missionary left the Pueblo ened with death if they per- with his little family one sisted in their work of teach- morning for a brief absence, ing and preaching but, with necessitated by his wife's need unswerving faith as worthy for medical attention in a dis- ambassadors of Christ, they tant city. He had received as- have never yielded to fear but surances from different memhave continued to proclaim bers of the group of learners the Gospel of s a I vat ion that they would remain true through Christ, relying upon to their new-found faith and the promises of God and upon that they would gather in each the effectual work of the Holy others' homes during his ab- Spirit in the hearts of those sence, to sing and pray and who heard the message. ANNIE VALLO – THE PUEBLO INDIAN WHO study the Word of God, tQ- The number of open cou- REFUSED TO GIVE UP HER BIBLE ~eth~r, ~ 427]

The Governor of the Pueblo, who of course is a Christian religion. The same warning was issued member of the tribe, hearing of these gatherings to a number of men who recently have been atand being stirred to action by members of his tending our meetings. Council who still cherish a spirit of hatred against the missionary and against all who accept his Andrea was taken to the Indian hospital, conteaching, took advantage of his absence to sum- ducted by the United States Government in Albumon three of these worshippers to the Pueblo querque, and was obliged to remain under medical court. They were confronted with the charge of care for several days until there was no longer "believing in the Christian religion, desiring to any fear of infection of the wounds inflicted on worship in accordance with their belief, and at- her back by the whipping. tending the services at the Presbyterian Mission." The United States Attorney, Hugh D. Wood- Mrs. Vallo, one of the three who were brought ward, according to the account published in the before the Pueblo court, took her Bible with her Albuquerque daily paper, sent a written notice to and with boldness declared her faith in its teach- the Governor of the Pueblo, citing the charges and ings. The court demanded that she surrender her warning him against the violation of the consti- Bible and ordered it to be publicly burned, but so tutional guarantee of religious freedom. vigorously did she contend for her right as an American citizen to believe and worship accord- Such a story takes us back to the persecutions ing to the dictates of her own conscience that the of the Middle Ages in Europe. It is difficult to becourt feared to carry out its threat. lieve that it could happen in Christian America or that a citizen of the United States could be sub- She Refused to Recant jected to such treatment and that the perpetrators of the crime could go unpunished. But such is the Andrea Frague, a young married woman, the case for "under the federal statutes the Governor mother of five children, who had recently an- and his Council," says the Albuquerque Journal, nounced her conversion to the Christian Way of "are given jurisdiction over misdemeanors. Flog- Life, refused steadfastly to recant. She was given ging is a misdemeanor, so the Pueblo Governor the choice of renouncing her faith in Christ and and Council are in the somewhat unusual position of promising to discontinue her attendance upon of being guilty of a misdemeanor over which they Christian services, or of being whipped. alone hold punitive power."

Throughout the entire night the session of the Something should be done to change the strange court continued, while her friends and relatives regulations under which such a crime could be found their efforts unavailing to break her spirit committed and remain unpunished. or move her from her determination to be true to her Saviour at any cost. As the dawn was break- But what of Andrea and her mother, and what ing the sentence of the court was passed and An- of Annie Vallo, who proudly displays the Bible she drea was publicly whipped with a rawhide quirt, refused to give up? Are they afraid? Have they at the hands of a member of the Council. Her ceased to sing the Gospel songs that the missionmother, who accompanied her, and who also re- ary taught them? Have they put away their fused to yield to the court's demand to forsake her Bibles and absented themselves from the services Christian faith, was threatened with similar pun- at the mission? Far from it! Their faith means ishment if she continued to attend the services at more to them now that they have suffered for it. the mission; the warning was also conveyed to a It has gained a respect and a dignity which it has number of girls attending the Indian school in never known before in all the years that the Gos- Albuquerque that they also would be subjected to pel has been preached in the Jemez Pueblo. Inthe same treatment upon their return to the deed, it would not be unusual in the ways of God Pueblo if they manifested any interest in the if in future years this trial of their faith should be recorded as the beginning of the successful evan- gelization of the Pueblo tribe.

A CHRISTIAN RESOLUTION By the late DR. ROBERT J. BURDETTE, of Pasadena, California I Will Live Honestly and Walk Uprightly Before God and Man. I will keep my lips sweet with words of kindness, my. heart pure with noble ideals, my hands clean with hon- orable deeds. I will keep my body sacred and my soul free. I will strive to be rich in love, strong in gentleness, untiring in patience, abundant in hope. I will serve God by helping some of His children. I will try always to be better than my word and more liberal than my promise. Every day I will make the most of my opportunities and the best of myself, and so be ready for the opportunities which God daily sends to those who are ready for them.

of Mora

The Romance of Making Lanao Literate By DR. FRANK C. LAUBACH, Missio~ar!, of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign M,ss,ons," Author of "The People of the Philippines"

W E INVADED Lanao Province (Minda- rna rna a rna rna la la la la ba ba ba ba nga nao, Philippine Islands) three years ago nga nga rna nga with only one aim-to find a way to re- Ii Ii la rna ba la veal Christ to the Mohammedan Moros. How mi mi bi ba i ba ba i 10 10 bi bi ngi ngi mi bi Ii ngi Ii rna mo mo la Ii ba Ii la mi la bi la ngi bo bo ngo ngo mo nga we could carry out this aim was an unanswered The teacher first drills the pupil with the word "Ma-lr:-ba-nga" until he knows its syllables. Then question. he pomts out the similarity of the words below We could not preach the religion of Christ to to the same letters in the "key." For example: the Moros, for they would not listen. Government Say "ma" twice, and you have the word "maofficials also intimated that they were having ma," mean.mg"man."By puttm. g "a" in front enough trouble, and would not permit the injec- of "rna", you have t he M oro word "ama" meantion of religious controversies. ~?g "father"; "mala" means "big," "lala" means to pat you on the back," etc. But people will respond to life, even when they will not listen to words. At least one door always So we derive about thirty words of two syllables opens for the man who is ready to enter. The each from the first word"Malabanga." Each of only door that opened in this Province was opened the other key words is treated in the same way. by teaching people to read and write. The Moros are far behind the Christian Filipinos in educa- The. almost unbelievable ease of learning the tion and many young men felt their backward chart IS due to a very careful gradation from one condition very keenly. About twenty of these word to the next. There is no steep grade. Seldom young Moros came to us and asked to be taught does it require more than an hour to complete to read and write. Here then was our open door. the chart; before the day is over a persistent student can read slowly but with absolute pre- We began with the usual cumbersome methods, cision. but we soon saw that they were needlessly tedious. It was folly to teach the Moro language by the For the first two years we kept records of the methods which are necessary to teach English, students who learned. Some months the teachers because Maranaw is perfectly phonetical. Noth- brought in as many as three thousand names. ing had ever been printed in Lanao Maranaw After we had piled up a list of 50,000 names we with Roman letters, so we were free to adapt our stopped trying to record the number who had own alphabet by using only one letter for each been taught. What was the use? Nobody could sound, and only one sound for each letter. We believe it! tried multitudes of experiments in teaching and steadily improved in method. The great problem with which we are confront- ed now is to keep the Moros reading. We are After about a year we hit upon a happy idea putting on a high pressure campaign to persuade which really amounts to an invention. We built them to become subscribers to the Lanao Progour chart around a "key," as we call it. This ress," a paper which we began this year. If we "key" consists of three words. Each word has ever start a literacy campaign in another counfour consonant sounds-twelve in all-that is all try, we will begin our newspaper with paid subthe Moros use. The three words are: scriptions at the very beginning of the campaign, and endeavor to persuade every student to be- "Malabanga" (a town in southern Lanao) come a subscriber. Otherwise those who learn KEY "karutusu" (the Maranaw word for paper) "paganada" (meaning "to learn") "From each of these "key" words, by varying to read are likely to stop practicing and forget all the vowels, we were able to derive many two they have learned. syllable words. A glimpse at the first part of our chart will show how this is done. This literacy campaign has attracted much in- terest in other provinces. We have been invited a ma-la-ba-ngu to make journeys to all parts of the Philippines, i mi-li-bi-ngi and have prepared charts in sixteen dialects; o mo-lo-bo-ngo eleven of these are being used extensively. With [429 J

the permission of the Director of Education we most oppressed people in the world. Some of the have trained a large number of high school stu- Moro youth connected with our schools are anxdents to be teachers. In about twenty cities and ious to go to other countries to prepare charts towns we have organized the municipal presidents and to train teachers. They dream of becoming benefactors to humanity. MORO GIRLS AND WOMEN THINK THEY WILL DIE IF THEY HAVIE THEIR PICTURES TAKEN We have organized over twenty societies of Moro youth who pledge themselves to teach their and municipal councilors in literacy campaigns. people to read and to seek to get our newspaper We have also trained hundreds of Protestant min- into every home. They have discovered about isters and a few Roman Catholic Sisters. twenty-five other channels for serving their peo- ple. They are learning through these societies At every opportunity we are working on charts that the noblest kind of life is that which serves for foreign languages, although these charts have the greatest number of people. not yet received their finishing touches. We have sent our Spanish chart to representatives in all Hadji Pambaya, the senior member of our of the Spanish countries in the hope that it would staff, weekly preaches in the Mohammedan receive careful revision. We are also working mosques on the ideals which he learns in our miswith scholars to improve our Malayan, Siamese sion. He tells them that God expects men to be and Chinese charts. A chart in Arabic is near- honest; that it is the will of God that every man ing perfection. Recent mail brings us a diction- shall forget his own selfish interests and devote ary from Turkey and a request to make a chart his life to serving his fellow men. The Hadji for that country. We very much desire to spend weeks, or better still, months in China, Siam, TEACHING THE MOOOS TO READ! Singapore, Borneo, India, Arabia, Turkey, Africa, R ev. Frank C. Laubach, fourth from the left, with one dato in South America and Mexico-letters have come to [mnt of the chart. Dr. Laubach is beckoning to the other to HEADQUARTERS OF THE LANAO LITERACY CAMPAIGN come forward too.

us from all of these countries, appealing for help. came back from his mosque a few days ago and Nothing would please us more than the oppor- told me with tears in his eyes how he had been tunity of spending our furlough in such an ex- pleading with the Moros to fight against a cabaret tensive undertaking. which some of them were beginning. "We must not adopt everything that we see in Western From one-half to two-thirds of the people on countries," he told them, "for many things which earth are still unable to read and write. They they have are bad. Those Western countries are are the most pitiful, the most helpless and the not all following the teachings of Nebi Isa, though they call themselves Christians. You see that the Protestant mission is opposed to the cabaret. Are we going to admit that our religion does not have ideals as high as the ideals of these missionaries?"

Do you know a parallel for that? We are deeply grateful that every Moro in Lanao is our friend. The literacy campaign proved a door to Moro hearts.

The work among the Moros of Lanao includes the literacy campaign, with schools, library, a newspaper and other publications, a dispensary, visiting nurse service, women's clubs, industrial work and united Christian church services. The church activities include not only Bible study,

A SOLOMON ISLANDER'S STORY OF LAZARUS

song services and preaching, but community means by which to help this movement, there would be a meetings for the discussion of farming, sanita- great marvelous progress of learning in Lanao, so far as tion, recreation, education, business, a beautiful education is concerned. Dansalan and Lanao and other problems. Weare closing our letter with this last expression, "We Testimonies from Moro Datos* thank you of informing you this campaign in Lanao."

DANSALAN, LANAO Very respectfully, May 2,1933 KAKA-I RANGKOLONGAN, KAKA-I I DAGALANGIT. The Secretary of the Interior, Manila, P. I. An Invitation to Moro Young Men to Attend a Mee,ting of the "Society of English Your Honor: Speaking Youth"

We, the undersigned, have the honor to inform you and "A meeting of the Society of English Speaking your party that Dr. Laubach has become a great blessing Youth will be held at the Dansalan Madrasa at to the Province of Lanao. It is simply due to his intro- 2 o'clock, Saturday afternoon, April 22. As a duction of the literacy campaign among the Moros. Since member of this Society, you will wish to be presthe introduction of this movement to Lanao, many thou- ent. An important new adventure will be prosands of peQple have learned to read English letters. This posed. tremendous learning is due-to the easiest method of teaching the chart. It is thrilling to see that both young and So miting 0 opakat sa Dansalan na kupantagan old have learned to read. For this reason, Dr. Laubach amag a Sapto a magabi sa alas dos. Langon a has become dear in our hearts. We feel sure that if Dr. mimbro na tomalabok sa miting a-i. Adun a bago Laubach will not be taken from us, the Government will a antangan a pumasakun, ka mala i kipantag. find an easy time in making the illiterate Moros write their names rather than to make them put their thumb mark on the paper they will sign. Such is the reason why we deeply appreciate Dr. Laubach's work because we are learning something that obliterates the darkness of the minds of the Moro people.

Nowadays the Moros are gradually stepping out of barbarism into civilization, for they are beginning to see that education liberates, strengthens and enlightens the spirit of man. We really believe that this literacy movement going on among the Moros is a good beginning that stimulates the desire of the Moros to read.

Weare of the opinion that if there could be any possible • The Secretary of the Interior with thirty other distinguished Government officials from Manila visited Dansalan on May 3d. The datos decorated the meeting room of the Dansalan Society of Eng- lish Speaking Youth with Moro flags, bunting and all kinds of brass 6 ware. The officials were much pleased with the warm reception given them by the Moros and with their progress in literacy.

A Solomon Islander's Story of Lazarus After telling very simply in pidgin English the savey, graveclothes they belong dead man, they story of the raising of Lazarus, a young Solomon no belong man where he live. And no good me, Island Christian went on to apply the teaching of man where he get life finish, me hold on long the chapter to his own heart and life. something where belong old life before. You savey graveclothes smell no good every bit, and "The Lord Jesus sing out big fella, 'Lazarus, some graveclothes stop long mouth belong me come forth.' This man where he been dead, he where they smell no good long God. Some time live now; he come out from that grave. Very me speak some fella word no good, word no clean. easy for Lord Jesus to make dead man live again. And graveclothes tie up mouth belong me, so me no savey speak word for Jesus. Hand belong me "Now this man Lazarus, he picture long me. fast long graveclothes. Me never been use two Me dead first time, me dead in sin, and the Lord fella hand belong me so me work for Jesus. Foot Jesus been give me life; me got eternal life belong me fast long graveclothes-me never go finish. long any place for Jesus yet.

"True, this man Lazarus he live, but he not "Now today Holy Spirit cut heart belong me free. Graveclothes tie up mouth belong him, foot long two fella word long this lesson, 'loose him' belong him, hand belong him; he fast every bit and me want Him to loose me from those gravelong graveclothes. Now this picture long me too. clothes today." Me live-me been get eternal life finish, but too much ~raveclothes tie up me yet. You fella

A Moslem View of Mohammedanism

"

By DR. T. A. LAMBIE, Sidamo, Ethiopia JIBOUTI, the seaport of French Somaliland, is Then in excellent English, and to my great a fanatical Mohammedan center and, like near- surprise, he answered the captain in the follow- ly all seaports, a very wicked town for its ing words: size, far worse than Port Said. I had gone there "N0, altht>ugh I am a Mohammedan, I do not to meet some missionaries arriving on a steamer think that Mohammedanism is a better religion and had a room at "The Continental," a very than Christianity and I give you three reasons: poor hotel. The dining room was also the saloon "First, Islam is not a practical religion for all bar and cafe. men. Let us suppose that a man is a locomotive After supper, as I was still sitting at the table, engineer and a Moslem. He is driving a train two Englishmen came into the bar for a drink. full of passengers needing to get to their destina- I could see at a glance that one was a dissipated tion. When the times come for prayer, can he stop sea captain, reduced by drink from a position of the train, get out, face toward Mecca, and pray? trust to a job on a tiny Arabia-Africa coastal If he does not do so he is not a good Mohamsteamer. His mate was more sober and seemed medan. It is impossible and impractical. more self-respecting. "Second, Islam is not hygienic. If I go on a Although the room was large and nearly empty, pilgrimage to Mecca, I must kiss the Black Stone.

they steered a course to my table. After I had Thousands of others have kissed it before me, said good evening, one of them, without any pre- many of them lepers and syphilitics. Perhaps just liminary discourse, said with a sneer, "I suppose before me has been a leper and his secretion you are a missionary?" comes upon me and I may become a leper. It is "Yes, I am." not a clean religion. It is not hygienic." "We do not believe in missionaries." "No? I am sorry for that, but I do." In this he spoke truly. How many cases of "Do you see that man over there?" he asked, cholera and dysentery have been acquired by drinking at Mecca's sacred but polluted well, Zem pointing to a well-dressed Arab at an adjoining Zem, supposed to be Hagar's Be'er-lahai-roi. table. "Third," he continued, "Mohammedanism is not "Yes." an ethical religion and does not teach honesty "He is a Mohammedan, but he is a better man and right living. Personally, I have more than than any so-called Christian. Let's call him over." once gone to the mosque wearing new shoes and I had met the man he referred to earlier in the as is our custom, I have left them outside the afternoon and he did indeed seem a superior per- door before entering the sacred building to pray. son. He was quite fair in complexion, was dressed in beautiful white silken robes, with a "Kufiyeh" "Afte'r prayer, wishing to resume my shoes be- fore going out to the street, I have found that and gold cord around his head. We had had a de- some other worshipper has stolen my shoes. His lightful conversation together in Arabic that religious devotion to Islam, which led him to go afternoon, of which the half-drunken captain and to the mosque to pray, did not in the same hour his mate knew nothing. keep him from stealing the shoes. Islam is not The Arab came and the captain roughly pushed an ethical religion. over a chair for him, saying, "I have been telling "For these three reasons, I come to the concluthis man (meaning me), that Mohammedanism sion that Mohammedanism is not better than is better than Christianity; now you tell him." Christianity," and with a bow he left us..

The Arab Sheik said in most courteous Arabic: During this speech I sat absolutely silent, glued "Does your Excellency object if I speak in the to my chair and my heart was praising God, who English tongue as I wish not to be understood by had answered for me through an Arab Sheikh. the servants of the lokanda (hotel)?" God had turned the unsought and rude contention The Mohammedan waiters were slipping about of the captain and his mate into a channel through . on the cement floor in their bare feet. which His own Name was glorified. They had "Certainly not, your Excellency," was my reply. absolutely no reply to make.

[ 432]

Mohammedans Need the

The Strength and Weakness of Islam By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Princeton, N. J.

Editor of The Moslem World T HE old non-Christian religions are disin- (3) Another element of truth is the Moslem be- tegrating and decaying. At the same time, lief in the supernatural, omnipresent, omnipotent some of them are making new efforts to resist power of God. One man with God has often the Gospel of Christ. Islam is one of these re- proved a majority even in Islam. They have al- ligions that claims to be sufficient to itself. We ways set Allah before them. The vitality of their need to know both the strength and the weakness theism (however inadequate) has laid hold of the of this religion as we preach Christ, the wisdom human mind and heart and will in such a fashion and the power of God. that, beside their stern belief in the supernatural, Opinion is still divided regarding the signifi- the popular Western dilution of faith and creed cance of the Saracen movement which began when seems lukewarm and timid. In India Moslem con- Mohammed proclaimed God's unity at Mecca. The verts are an asset to the National Church, because worth of all the non-Christian religions is in their of their strong theistic faith in an atmosphere of elements of truth and strength. The failure of all Hindu pantheism.

the non-Christian religions is because of inner (4) Mohammedanism not only asserts the unity weakness and false teachings. of God and the power of His will in the stern theism of the Semitic mind, but since the earliest 1. No one can deny the elements of strength, centuries it has also developed a religion for the of vitality and of truth in the religion of Islam. heart in its mysticism. This has laid hold of the They are many and deeply significant. They lead affections and the emotions in all Moslem lands. one to love Moslems with a great love, to run out Men have become drunk with the love of God and to meet them, although they are yet a great way with devotion to His prophet. Poetry and passion . off, and to welcome them back to the Father. have joined to yield their highest and utmost at the' shrine of devotion. (1) First of all, this religion has the strength of strategic and numerical distribution. For thir- For example, what pathos there is, and what a teen centuries it has laid its grip on three con- plea for missions, in the words sung by a Turkish tinents and by its very vitality held the hearts of woman in a hospital in Konia: one-seventh of the human race. In Africa it counts forty-nine millions; in every country of Asia, with Trample upon me, yea tread on my head, the exception of Japan and Korea, there are Mo- Consume me with terror, Thou Judge of the dead, hammedans. Central and Western Asia are If only, Oh God, I thus Thee may know, predominantly Mohammedan; India has seventy- And Thee once behold while I tarry below.

seven millions of this faith; Malaysia has forty- Throw me, like Abraham, into the fire, Like Moses withhold from the land I desire, five millions; in China there are over ten millions. If only, Oh God, I thus Thee may know, And Thee once behold while I tarry below. (2) It is a strong religion that can burst its Hang me, like Jesus, upon the rude tree, barriers and pour out its strength to humanity as Or poor, like Mansour, thro' life I would be, If only, Oh God, I thus Thee may know, a whole. Mohammedanism, whether by the sword And Thee once behold while I tarry below.

or by preaching, by fair or foul means, has always (5) Islam is a religion which has kindled an increasing hope for a coming deliverer, the Mahdi, communicated itself. The impact and the impulse of this religion is the story of many centuries and many lands. Unless we understand something of its victories in the past we shall never appreciate its hold on our hearts today. '

Islam has ever had the power of propagandism, to restore faith and bring in the golden age. This and from the beginning was imbued with the undying hope has knit together Moslems in all genius of conquest. Its missionary spirit is not lands for many centuries, a hope in the final tri- other-worldly and sacrificial, in the Christian umph of Mohammedanism. Often deferred, it has sense, but it is real and vital. made their hearts sick; although dark days have [433 ]

come upon Islam, in the hearts of the pious it lives (3) This religion, through the example of Moon. hammed himself, his companions and all the saints in the Moslem calendar, has corrupted home life The Weakness of Islam at its very source and has undermined human happiness by its well-known teaching regarding II. The failure of Islam is a call for Christian polgamy, divorce, slavery, concubinage and the missions. We know that Moslem hope for a Mahdi inferiority of womanhood. The religious influence is doomed to disappointment because it ignores of Islam upon backward races has never purified Jesus Christ, His incarnation, His passion and or elevated the home. death, His resurrection and His ascension. The failure of Islam is the failure to give Christ His (4) Islam has been the age-long foe of democrightful place in history and theology, in the heart racy. It cannot exist and confer religious liberty, and the home, in the social program, in the ideal equality or fraternity as equal gifts to those who of the State, but most of all as a personal Saviour are not Moslems. from sin, and as the only, the final ideal of character and its recreator. (5) The great failure of Islam, however, has been its spiritual failure. It stands out among all In spite of all its elements of worth and strength the non-Christian religions as the religion which and vitality, Islam has failed conspicuously and has blindfolded Christ. As in a total eclipse of proved itself hopelessly inadequate to meet the so- the sun the glory and the beauty of the heavenly cial, the intellectual, the moral and the spiritual orb are hidden, and only the corona appears on needs of humanity. Its inward weakness and de- the edge, so in the life and thought of Mohammenials have corrupted the best that is in it, and dans their own Prophet has practically eclipsed have proved the truth of the Latin proverb: "The Jesus Christ. In the Koran, the portrait of Jesus corruption of the best is the worst." This failure is a sad caricature. All the Old Testament prophof Islam is the justification of the plea for Chris- ets have not only been succeeded, but have been tian missions to Mohammedans. supplanted by Mohammed; he is at once the sealer and concealer of all former revelations. Moham- (1) Islam has failed to meet the needs of child- med is always in the foreground, and Jesus Christ, hood; of such is not the kingdom of Mohammed. in spite of the lofty titles and the honor given Him Islam, it is true, pays attention to the early re- in the Koran, is in the background. There is not ligious training of the child, but this very training one biography of Jesus Christ, alone and unique corrupts the morals of childhood by its teaching as a great prophet of God, to be found in the litand example. No indictment of Islam could be erature of Islam. stronger than the present condition of Moslem children. Not to speak of the astonishing illiteracy (6) The fact that Moslems themselves are be-. that prevails, and of the incredible percentage of coming conscious of the failure of their religion, infant mortality due to the ignorance of their its political collapse, its intellectual disintegramothers, these children are born into a world of tion, its spiritual defects, is an appeal that cannot superstition and ignorance, robbed of their child- be resisted. Their real heart-hunger and their hood by sex-education in its worst form, burdened undying hope for a deliverer can only be met by with the responsibilities of marriage when still in Jesus Christ. Nay, the very glory of all that is their teens, until their cry is a plea which none best in their creed finds in Jesus Christ alone sufcan resist. ficient fulfillment and crown. Some Moslem lead- ers have already caught the vision of the risen (~) Its ethical standards are low. T. J. De Boer Christ. Some of those who persecuted Christians shows that, although the Koran urges faith and in Armenia and Persia are beginning to see a good intentions, "unpremeditated lapses from vir- light "stronger than that of the noonday sun"- tue are leniently judged. In short, Allah makes it it is the light of the glory of God in the face of no onerous task for His faithful to serve Him." Jesus Christ. They are beginning to hear from the lips of the only Saviour and Redeemer the A startling revelation of the contrast between same message that turned Saul, the persecutor, Moslem and Christian ideals in ethics can be into Paul the Apostle-"Saul, Saul, why persegained from a comparative study of popular litera- cutest thou me?" These are God's chosen ones in ture, the Arabian Nights, for example, a medireval Moslem lands and will receive appointment to picture of Moslem life and morals, in contrast know His will, to hear His voice, and to be His with the medireval romance of the Knights of the witnesses throughout the non-Christian world. Round Table. Both books present unconsciously The missionary spirit of Islam, its splendid devoa picture of ideas and ideals in ethics. Woman- tion, its consciousness of the supernatural, its hood, in the one case, is suspected, dishonored, un- mystic longing for union with God will then find trustworthy, and chiefly celebrated for her lower their fulfillment. A new day has dawned. Shall passions; in the other case her purity and we not call our Moslem brothers to awake? strength of character stand out as examples of moral greatness.

Jew-A Challenge to the

By DR. CONRAD HOFFMANN, JR., New York General Secretary, International Committee on the Christian Approach to the Jews If Christianity, as embodied in private and in social life, the world. The wandering Jew of the centuries in the home, the market place, and the Church, awakens has become our neighboring Jew, and undoubtedly the esteem of Jews and arouses their desire to "share its will henceforth remain so. joys and fruitfulness," it will not meet with the criticism of thoughtful Jews…… We have nothing to say regard- He has, furthermore, attained an influence in ing Jews who without hostility to their own people and modern life out of all proportion to numbers. The without base or ulterior motives withdraw from the syna- Jew today is a world force, for weal or woe, with gogue and join the Church. Whatever we may think of which the Christian Church must reckon. We can their judgment, we do not deny their right to follow the no longer ignore Jewry any more than we can igdictates of their consciences. nore China or India, communism, or nationalism.

T HUS spoke a rabbi, one of nine in a recent Finally, under the impact of the modern mood conference with Christian Church leaders. to which Jewry is increasingly being exposed, We assume that the rabbi was sincere. The Judaism is losing the Jew religiously; on the other first part of his statement reminds one of St. hand, Zionism is endeavoring to mould this dis- Paul's appeal to the Ephesians and no doubt was integrating Jewry into a racial, national, and culthe rabbi's challenge to Christians to "Let your tural entity. It is significant that in the clamant manner of life be worthy of the Gospel of Jesus propaganda to arouse in Jews a new sense of Christ." With shame Christians must acknowl- unity, the emphasis is on the national and racial edge that their life in relation to the Jews has too side rather than on the religious side which was frequently been anything but "worthy of the Gos- formerly the major emphasis and the cement pel." which held Jews together. Secularization has gone The second part of the statement may be consid- on in Jewry as in Gentile ranks.

ered as a warning to Jewish missionary enterprise Running parallel to these profound changes in lest it be guilty of encouraging acceptance of Judaism, is an ominous revival of anti-Semitism, Jesus Christ by Jews for some other reason than social and commercial discrimination in some honest conviction. Undoubtedly most Jews who lands, the new "cold pogrom" and systematic rehave sought baptism have done so sincerely; but pression of Jews in Germany, and violent sporadic there have been Jews who have sought baptism outbreaks of persecution in various sections of for ulterior motives, seeking social or commercial Eastern Europe. Increasingly the Jew is being prestige or to escape the stigma attached to being tortured with a sense of insecurity; in Germany a Jew. Churches or clergymen who knowingly the Jew had come to feel that he was at home, acbaptize such Jews are guilty of violation of a most cepted and established, only to be shocked by Hit- sacred trust and should be blamed rather than the ler's recent anti-Semitism into a realization that, Jews. This warning, regarding insincerity of in spite of centuries of residence in Germany and conversion, was heard like a refrain and almost of sacrificial loyalty to the land of his adoption, he without exception from the lips of the different is still a stranger and is regarded as an undesir- rabbis in Europe and America recently inter- able. One wonders whether Zangwill was right viewed by the writer. when he said that geographically "the Jew was The rabbi's statement, as a whole, is sympto- everywhere and anywhere but at home nowhere." matic of most profound changes which have taken It would seem no exaggeration to say that pracplace in Jewry and Judaism within recent years. tically everywhere it is a decided disadvantage to Indeed, new circumstances and changed conditions be a Jew. This racial discrimination against the within Jewry have arisen which are of vital sig- Jew challenges Christianity. nificance to all interested in promoting a Christian approach to the Jews. Today, as never before, the Not very long ago anti-Semitism was largely dispersion of the Jews has extended to all lands. confined to lands in which the Orthodox and the The Jew is found everywhere, and especially in Roman Catholic churches were predominant; the larger cities of different lands. Forty-five per Protestantism prided itself on its comparative tolcent of world Jewry lives in seventy-three cities of erance. Hitler's anti-Semitism, backed up so largely by the conservative evangelical church [435 ]

constituency of Germany, changes the picture. In facts. They must deal with a different Jewish Berlin a rabbi said to the writer that anti-Semit- world from that of a few decades ago; it is no ism in Germany is largely identical with Protes- longer a Jewish world which cringes, or holds it- tantism. The entire Christian Church must there- self aloof with a cowed aspect, the result of cen- fore meet the challenge which anti-Semitism turies of hounding persecution. On the contrary, makes. it is a Jewish world which has become aggressive, The Jew no longer lives in segregated ghettos. racially proud and invading all places and fields of He is one of us, especially in America where over influence.

4,500,000 are scattered in some 9,700 cities. What- The program, scope, method and leadership of ever else this Jewish neighbor possesses – and he any Christian approach to the Jews contemplated, has much which we have taken over from him- must all be reconsidered in the light of these new he does not have Jesus Christ. Does he need Jesus conditions. Where closed doors formerly existed, Christ? That question challenges the basis of our one now finds wide-open doors. This was revealed faith. There are many Christian denominations most strikingly on a recent itinerary in Europe.

which send man and money power to the ends of Activities, difficult if not impossible a few years the earth to present Jesus Christ to remote peo- ago, have become possible today.

ples, yet these same denominations are hesitant or Personal consultation with leading rabbis and even opposed to undertake anything to bring a frank, uncompromising facing of fundamental Christ to His own people according to the flesh, facts and beliefs of the Christian faith is not only people who live on the threshold of the churches possible but is invariably welcomed. The writer's in America. They seem to believe that the Jew reception by the rabbis was always most cordial has no need of Christ. If that is true one may and courteous, the conversations with them were legitimately question whether any other people frank and sincere, and without apparent reserva- has need of Jesus Christ. This is an issue which tion. Meetings in missionary centers or on mis- cannot be evaded. The Christian approach to the sionary journeys into provincial towns of Eastern Jews is an acid test of the basic faith of the Chris- Europe were invariably crowded, here and there tian Church. so much so that many Jews had to be turned away This question is all the more urgent in view of because of lack of room. Entrance into the syna- the present growing interest within Jewry in the gogues of some of the most fanatical sects of person of Jesus Christ. Spiritual leaders of Jewry, Chassidic Jews at times of service was not only as well as the rank and file of Jews, liberal as well possible, but was actually welcomed by the wor- as orthodox and even Chassidic Jews, the indus- shippers, and opportunity given frequently to trialized as well as the intellectual Jew, all reveal speak. Literature dealing with Jesus Christ and a growing interest in Jesus Christ. While this the Christian faith is eagerly sought and bought.

interest does not yet recognize or acknowledge any Jewish students have repeatedly welcomed the deity in Jesus Christ it indeed challenges the missionary and have been ready to discuss reli- Church's faith in His deity. The Church must gious questions with him. Opposition still exists, meet this challenge. but on the whole opportunities have never been so America must take the lead. The part played numerous or so extensive.

by American Jews in world Jewry today is dom- The Church must now be enlisted to combat inant and in many respects is the pacemaker for anti-Jewish discriminations at home as well as world Jewry. The conglomerate nature and varied abroad, and to endeavor to remove the causes of sources of America's popUlation, combined with a conflict. In the wake of the German developments traditional tolerance toward all peoples, has in- voices are heard accusing Jews of being atheists corporated the Jewish people within the life of and antireligious; of being leaders of revolution America as intimately as anywhere. Auspicious and of demoralizing influences in modern life. If conditions for a demonstrative solution of anti- these accusations contain any truth, how neces- Semitism prevail if the Church will act imme- sary it is that an aggressive effort in the evan- diately, courageously and without compromise. gelization of such Jews be undertaken by the And immediate action is imperative for there is Church. The presence of many Jews as neigh- considerable latent anti-Semitism present which bors in our city parishes demands a parochial ap- may break forth in violence on slight provocation. proach to them and their inclusion in our Chris- The inability of many Jewish students to obtain tian ministry.

admission in American medical colleges and the The Church in America must choose between fact that hundreds of American Jewish medical complete indifference to the Jews in her midst, students are found in universities abroad are evi- discrimination against the Jew, promotion of dence of American anti-Jewish discrimination. friendly relations, and an effective evangelistic The Christian churches of America, if loyal to effort among this "chosen people of God" who their inheritance and mission, must face these have not Jesus Christ.

Trails in Southern

By HELEN H. DINGMAN, Berea, Kentucky Executive Secretary of the Conference of Southern Mourltain Workers FOR many years the Southern Highlands have into a well-nigh frightened realization of what is been an appealing field for missionary effort. taking place. The transition into a new age which The romance of isolation lured first the circuit came much more slowly in the more favored secrider preacher, who rode rough forest trails carry- tions of our country is taking place as if overnight. ing the Gospel to the scattered inhabitants. Then Yet along these improved highways and back be- the church, seeing the great need of education, yond them are still the products of isolation and built the little one-room day schools where cour- a pioneer past. ageous women taught the three R's and the Word It is at this crossroads that our mission work of God. Later, as the stands today. Education states became better able and religion are faced to carry the responsi- with the critical problem bility for common school of how to preserve the education, mission board- best of the past – that ing schools were built at priceless pioneer culture the county seats and high w h i c h produced such school work was added. sturdy independence – Hand in hand with the and to select from this educational problem went advancing civilization the the development of Sun- values that will enrich day schools, the establish- and not cheapen. ment of mission churches with their evangelical Careful students of the programs, and the or- mountains have realized, ganization of Christian for some time, the imcommunity centers min- portance of revaluating istering to the physical the programs of the and social needs of the schools and churches in people. the light of this changing social order. The ques- Back of this develop- tion has been how best to ment of the mission pro- get an impartial picture gram h a v e bee n the of the whole. Great was changing conditions. In the rejoicing therefore of some sections isolation A BEREA STUDENT READY FOR SERVICE the Conference of South- still stands guard over ern Mountain Workers the pioneer life of the early settlers but where when, in 1930, two studies were undertaken, one railroads and highways have penetrated life is be- an economic and social study under the direction coming increasingly socialized. Industry has ob- of State and Federal agencies, the other religious, truded itself upon the rural scene, flaunting new conducted by the Institute of Social and Religious and perplexing problems. The old and the new, Research. The findings and interpretations of still too self-conscious for harmonious fusing, are these two significant surveys were reported at the conflicting in many situations. twenty-first annual meeting of the Conference I have just returned from a trip of four hun- held in Knoxville, Tennessee, March 28-30. Acdred and eighty-two miles in eastern Kentucky. complishments to date were carefully scrutinized As familiar as I am with this mountain country and adventurously the future was faced.

I feel as if I had seen it anew. Rolling along in a The approach to the situation was made under high-powered car on roads where a few years ago three main headings – economic, educational and I jolted painfully in a mail hack, I was startled religious. There was no pretense of finality about [437 ]

the reports but they revealed trends of thinking the disregard of the economic needs. No work can and they stimulated critical analysis of programs be truly successful unless it comes to grips with and policies, past and present. that problem. With all the light that can be se- It was interesting to see how some of the eco- cured from scientific research, the economic pos- nomic views were tempered not only by the find- sibilities best adapted to each section should be developed. In one country dairy cattle and a co- operative creamery have meant a small but steady income for the farmers even in the present crisis.

Near industrial centers truck gardening has sup- plemented with a little cash income what would otherwise be a "live-at-home" program. This summer one enterprising center has organized the community and interested a wholesale grocer to contract all the potatoes that can be raised over and above home consumption. In a good many places men, women, and young people have found it not only satisfying but profitable to revive the mountain crafts. The growth of the Southern Mountains Handicraft Guild with its members in six states is a testimony to this increasing interest.

As Mrs. Campbell, director of the John C. Camp- bell Folk School, said at the Conference, "We must OLD ROADS IN THE HIGHLANDS live our philosophy, work out our plan as far as ings of the study but by the realistic curtailments possible with the people, and if it is worth while of the depression. The possibility of a content- it will spread." ment of life without the acquisition of what has seemed to many of the outsiders the absolute The most serious economic problem to be solved necessities of the machine age development was in this section at present is that of coal mining. brought out. Life in a cabin on a rugged hillside Yet it seems to be the one with which the Church may have cultural possibilities even though the has thus far been the least concerned. On this trip Ford car, the radio and bathroom fixtures form I drove through miles of mining camps. The drab no part of the picture. dreariness of those rows of cabins against the bare hillsides, the apathy on the faces of the idle min- Ever since mission work began in the moun- tains the problem of making a living has been omnipresent. The poverty of the people has fig- ured largely in appeals for m~mey. The steep hill- sides of the mountain farms have been eloquently pictured and, in certain sub-marginal areas, it has been a grave question whether an attempt should even be made to wrest a living from the soil. As a solution depopUlation and reforestation have been eloquently discussed at past conferences and in other sections the development of industry has seemed to be the answer.

These conditions have not changed but a new philosophy in regard to them seems to have de- veloped. Less emphasis is being laid on the limi- tations of nature and more on the capacity of man in the development of his life. The tragedy of the rise and fall of the coal mining industry has been seen inthe lives of too many of the mountaineers; the little mountain farm has taken back the sons ROLLING ALONG IMPR'OVED HIGHWAYS and daughters who followed the lure of big wages to the centers of industry; and the realization has ers, the malnutrition visible in the children; all are grown that security even though it means aus- signs of a sick and discouraged industry. At one terity is more to be cherished than uncertain ac- camp where the whistle had blown for work that cumulations. day for the first time in six weeks I saw one hun- This acceptance of "plain living" did not mean dred and seventy-eight children being fed by the

NEW TRAILS IN SOUTHERN HIGHLANDS

American Friends Service Committee. The Spirit the required qualifications of teachers and the reof Christ was ministering to the poor and hungry quired courses in the curriculum. It has meant in that camp and others where the Quakers have bending every energy toward building up the intheir feeding stations, but one cannot see the con- stitution itself. The result is that, with a reditions without wondering whether Christians are stricted budget and a limited staff, in many cases the services to the community in which the insti- WHERE ISOLATION STILL STANDS GUARD tution is located have been neglected.

shouldering their responsibility in a social order The educational contribution of Christian misthat permits such tragic need. The rehabilitation sions is not completed in this vast mountain area, of the thousands of miners who will never again but the feeling of the Conference was that the time be reabsorbed into that industry is a task that has surely come for a careful restudy of the prochallenges the Church today. grams of our schools. Only those justify support that are reaching boys and girls who otherwise Education has been one of the chief goals in our would not have the opportunity or are making a mountain work from its earliest beginnings. It unique contribution to the training of Christian was therefore with great expectancy that the re- citizens that the public institutions cannot or are ports of the private and public schools were re- not ready to make. ceived at the Conference. The blazing of the trails of opportunity for boys and girls has been a thrill- As one travels through the mountains one realing chapter in mission work in the mountains. In izes the possibilities of service wrapped up in even 1929 one hundred and fifty privately supported one student who, in addition to completing reschools were known to be in existence, ranging quired courses, has learned how to share a life as from one-teacher elementary schools to four-year well as how to make a living. On this last trip I colleges of recognized standing. The effects upon had occasion to see at their work some of the gradthe schools of the advance of public school educa- uates of one of our Christian colleges. tion in the last two decades were brought out by Dr. Fannie Dunn of Teachers College, who had Among them were the lawyer, standing fearmade the study. Many schools have discontinued lessly for social justice in a country seat; the their lower grade work, relinquishing that re- county agricultural agent, grappling with the sponsibility to the State; many have added high farming problems of eroded hillsides and wornschool and some junior college; still others have out soil; the nurse, protecting the children against given up school work altogether and have pro- disease; the doctor absorbed in developing a hosvided a boarding home in the county seat for the pital in one of the centers of the mining region; students who cannot live at home and attend the and the teachers zealous to hold up standards in county high school. the graded and high schools.

As public education has advanced these schools On Troublesome Creek in Kentucky we visited have more and more come under the standards set a home economics class taught by a college gradby the State. During the past few years most of uate in the kitchen of a humble mountain farm. them have run the State's gauntlet in order to be- About thirty eager girls, ranging in age from come accredited institutions. For many it has been a real struggle to attain the required equipment, NEW TYPE OF EDUCATED HIGHLAN'DER'S HOME twelve to twenty-five years and representing the homes for about three miles up one of the branches, had gathered for this weekly occasion. All the incongruities of dress were harmonized and democratized by the crisp white aprons and caps

which they wore. Not only did they learn infant Trained social workers will be needed. This is a hygiene, proper nutrition and the preparation of field of service open to our Christian forces, one in new and wholesome dishes but they sang together, which Christ's spirit of ministry and healing will played games in the ore-hard and gathered round result in rehabilitated lives.

for stories. This young woman, a mountain girl Religion so motivates all of the work of Chris- tian missions, whether the approach be economic, educational, social or evangelistic, that the reli- gious work as such is not sepa~ated from the rest of the program. At the recent Conference, Miss Hooker, of the Institute of Social and Religious Research, gave a sympathetic and clear picture of the development of churches in the Southern High- lands. Her historical development revealed the effects of isolation and poverty upon both the reli- gious thinking and the church organization of the section and gave real understanding as to why the emotional sects which root so readily among the uneducated, the untrained preachers with no con- ception of social programs, and the lack of ade- quate buildings and equipment are so generally A NEW SCHOOLHOUSE FOR MOUNTAINEE,RS characteristic of the less privileged areas. The herself, was not putting her B.S. degree to work field has been so vast and the need so great that in a well-equipped laboratory but by using what it has invited many of the more progressive dethe people themselves had, was teaching ninety- nominations to come and establish. churches. four girls in five different kitchens on the creek There has been however no unified planning and the art of real home-making.

However, not only is there the need of educating such leaders, but there· are new trails for Chris- tian missions to blaze. In many parts of our Southern Highlands one finds cultural and social poverty – a poverty of recreation, of health edu- cation, of good literature and the desire to read it, of music, of al't, and of the recognition and ap- preciation of the cultural resources inherent in the region. As one of my mountain friends once said to me, "Hits worse to be soul hungry than body hungry." Adult education and social work are needed. As a result of the studies it is hoped that some of the schools and centers will feel that their greatest contributions can be made along the lines of the enrichment of life for the people in general.

The John C. Campbell Folk School is a compelling experiment in this field.

Professional social work is conspicuous by its absence in this region. The little that has been de- veloped by public agencies during the past· few years has been sadly curtailed by the economy pro- grams fostered by state legislatures and county officials. The depression has laid a heavy hand on an already impoverished region. Security, which is the foundation of all personality development, A RELIGIOUS CENTER-WHEELWRIGHT CHAPEL is being threatened. Children, handicapped phys- Built in mining camp. Construction sponsored by a Berea student. ically and mentally, are growing up without hav- ing their needs recognized and met. One dreads therefore the distribution of these efforts has been to think of the trail of malnutrition, disease, more or less fortuitous, resulting in both over- broken morale and what might be called disin- churched and unchurched areas.

tegrated personalities that will have to be dealt One of the big problems today is the merging of with long after the present economic crisis is over. the old and the new in religious thought and prac-

tice. As a mountain wag once said, when a con- With full recognition of what has been accom- gregation was waiting patiently one Sunday for plished, the spirit of the Conference was to restudy their minister who was long past due for his ap- the present programs in the light of these new pointment, "Oh, he is probably down the creek, findings and to attempt to make the changes that halted between two opinions." Youth is some- true Christian statesmanship might reveal as wise times bewildered today at a church seemingly and necessary. Just what these changes will be halted between two opinions. Our mission schools each enterprise will have to decide. Some may and churches are sending back to their home com- find it wise to give up what they have undertaken munities educated young men and women who are and develop along entirely new lines; others may truly Christian but who can no longer accept the make modifications in their educational work and leadership of an uneducated ministry. They have expand their programs so that they will better studied the Bible under skilled and experienced meet the needs of the community as a whole. Each teachers; they have enlarged their world by ac- decision will have to be made in relation to the quaintance with literature and history; and other agencies working in the section. The day through their study of sociology, home economics, calls for a unified approach. Each denomination and agriculture, their eyes have been opened to and agency working among the mountaineers may the great social needs. They return home with an still have a distinct contribution to make but in- adventurous spirit of service but very often are stead of going individualistic ways the task de- discouraged and checked by leaders in their mands regional planning and true cooperation.

churches who, motivated by an "other-worldly" At the last session of this important meeting, view, have no feeling of social responsibility. Here three significant steps were taken toward the again is the challenge to preserve the staunch faith realization of this dream. First, a study tour for of the pioneer religion and to merge it with the this coming fall was planned for mountain work- newer constructive social vision. ers and board officials who wish to observe at first In these critical considerations of the task as a hand, different types of schools and centers. The whole one must not lose sight of the splendid work hope is that at the end each will return to his own which has been done by individual denominations school, church or office with a bigger vision of the and projects. As Dr. Hermann Morse said in his field as a whole and a clearer understanding of paper at Knoxville, "The adventuring, pioneering his relation to it. Second, it was decided to set up character of much of the missionary program has regional conferences at which the workers, public been a precious asset. The hopeful and helpful ex- and private, might meet and clear programs with periments which have been carried on are making each other. This will be a pooling of resources a contribution the value of which it would be diffi- in that section and an opportunity to measure cult to overestimate. Scattered through the moun- what is actually being done against the needs that tains will be found a considerable number of really exist. Third, it was voted to ask the Home Mis- distinguished enterprises with long records of con- sions Council and the Council of Women for Home tinuous service, enterprises which have been kept Missions to form an Interdenominational Board flexible in form, diversified in interest and of a of Strategy for the mountain area, a central ad- high quality of performance. The mission pro- visory body through which comity and cooperative gram as a whole has made a definite contribution agreements may be effected.

in the development of leadership with a Christian These projects are the merest beginnings, but social vision and with some social technique, and they are in the right direction. To go all the way in the development also of a more sympathetic may in some instances mean giving up long- public attitude toward improvement along many cherished enterprises. But so to lose life will be lines." to find it.

SHALL WE SEND ONLY SPECIALISTS?

The proposition that only the very highly educated should be sent out as foreign mission- aries, is professional but not Scriptural. Christ himself said that His message was "hid from the wise and understanding and was revealed unto babes." St. Paul said that "the preaching of the Cross is foolishness to those that are perishing" and that "not many wise, not many mighty, after the flesh, are called." He recognized the fact that there is need for all kinds of talents and functions in the service of Christ to r.each differing needs and differ- ent classes of people. What would the poor and uneducated do if no one should carry the Gospel to them. JUDGE NATHAN G. MOORE, Chicago.

Hugh Latimer

BISHOP HUGH L. BURLESON, of the Protes- Board of Missions of the General Church from tant Episcopal Church, formerly Bishop of 1909 to 1916, and was editor of The Spirit of South Dakota, died of angina pectoris at Missions. Camp Remington, in the Black Hills near Custer, Bishop Burleson was strongly opposed to the South Dakota, on August first. He was a mem- exploitation of the Indian in so-called Wild West ber of the staff of the Presiding Bishop and headed shows. His campaign received nation-wide attenthe administrative Department of Domestic and tion in 1927 when President Coolidge, during his Foreign Missions, Social Service and Education. vacation in the Black Hills, attended the annual Hugh Latimer Burle- convocation of Sioux In- son was the son of Solo- dians at the Episcopal mon S. Burleson, one of Church at the Pine Ridge the pioneer Episcopal Age n c y. Fifty full- missionaries to the In- blooded Sioux priests of dians of the northwest. the church were lined up His early life was among to greet him with 2,000 the Indians and he al- Indian church members ways retained an under- -farmers, lawyers, mestanding sympathy with chanics and physicians.

them and a deep affection "We cannot restore to for them. His work for the Indian his old hunt- them reached a climax ing grounds; we cannot when in 1916 he became reforest the lands over Bishop of South Dakota. which he roamed, bring back the buffalo, restock At the election of Pre- siding Bishop in 1930 to the streams and lakes fill the vacancy caused by with fish or otherwise the death of B ish 0 p bring restoration of the Charles Palmerston An- conditions under which derson, Bishop Burleson he formerly lived," the was among those men- bishop told the President. tioned for the office. Dr. James De Wolfe Perry, "But since all this is of Providence, R. I., was impossible, the next best elected, and Bishop Bur- thing to do is to fit the leson was made chief of Indian for agricultural and industrial pursuits, the work of domestic and and where he shows the foreign missions, social necessary individual abil- service and education. THE RIGHT REV. HUGH LATIMER BURLESON. D.D. ity, for the higher pro- The following year he fessions."

was elected assistant to the presiding bishop, and He also agitated against the continuation of Inon September 28, 1931, he resigned as Bishop of dian reservations, arguing that the sooner the red South Dakota in order to devote all his time to his and white races learned to live together in normal new duties. communities the better.

Hugh Latimer Burleson was born in Northfield, Bishop Burleson received the degree of S.T.D.

Minn., on April 25, 1865, one of five sons, all of from Hobart College in 1913, and of D.D. from whom entered the Episcopal ministry. As a child the General Theological Seminary in 1919. Among Hugh was adopted into the Oneida Indian nation his published works are "An Officer of the Line," and named "Tallahodh," which in the tribal lan- and "Our Church and Our Country." He was guage meant "Good Timber." His early education greatly beloved and honored by all who knew him was in the Racine, Wis., grammar school, and at and no one can adequately fill his place. For some Racine College from which he was graduated in years he was a member of the Editorial Council 1887. He entered the General Theological Sem- of the REVIEW and always a warm friend and ad- inary, was ordained priest in 1894. He served as vocate of home and foreign missions, or of any rector of several parishes, was secretary of the activity that would manifest the Spirit of Christ.

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Christian Views of

Findings Based on a Group Study of the Laymen's Appraisal Report THE undersigned met under the auspices of (2) The Commissioners' attitude of appreciating the the General Affairs Commission of the Na- advanced culture of other peoples in all the revisions which tional Christian Council of Japan in the they suggest. Theological Building of Aoyama Gakuin May 15 and 16, 1933. Finding after full discussion and (3) The fact that the Commission did not depend simply careful consideration of "Rethinking Missions" on statistics and outward factors in its evaluation of that our opinions are in general agreement we evangelistic ways and means but took cognizance of input forth the following pronouncement under our trinsic internal factors. joint signature. This pronouncement does not however officially represent the communions or (4) The fact that it urges that missionaries should be of the best possible qualifications, should understand and appreciate the thought and life of the people among whom they labor, should be men of genuine friendliness and have an interest in social conditions.

the organizations to which we individually belong. (5) The fact that it lays down as a basal policy that the indigenous church should plan for independence and We participated in this study as individuals. self-support.

More than seventy years have passed since (6) The fact that it encourages the abolishment of denominational divisions and such cooperative adminis- Protestant Christianity was introduced into our tration of all Christian agencies related to evangelism as lies within the realm of possibility. country and the foundations for the Protestant (7) The fact that it urges the passing over of authority Christian Church have finally been laid. The for the work into the hands of nationals and their or- ganizations. tangible results of evangelism though but grad- (8) Its insistence that all work conducted in the name ually evident are stable. . of Christianity should itself be of highest standard.

Naturally this has come about through the (9) That Christian principles of life should always be applied to the whole life of humanity and to all relagrace of God in His purpose to save our people. tionships and that in the realm of evangelism expediency should be abolished. It goes without saying, however, that much credit (10) That an effort should be made to enter the Unmust be given to the instrumentalities which He reached rural areas-avoiding overlapping-and to Chris- tianize industrial life. has used, those related to the various missions, (11) The necessity of a thorough-going and intrinsitheir resources, their prayers and their person- cally progressive program of religious education in our Christian schools. alities. We Japanese Christians are constantly (12) The necessity of a better adapted and more efmoved by this fact and our hearts are full of fective Christian literature.

gratitude.

However, during this time abrupt changes have come in social tendencies and great cultural ad- vances have been made. Accordingly there has arisen a need to make a re-study of evangelistic Convictions, Aims and Methods policies. At this juncture American laymen, in consultation with various Mission Boards, set up We would express our doubts and desires rea Survey Commission and through the expend- garding the following points: iture of much means and labor made public a (1) The Christian Messagereport containing suggestive materials for religious circles at home and abroad looking toward We recognize that as representatives of laymen the a revision of evangelistic policies. Commissioners took the precaution of avoiding traditional and theological terms. Nevertheless we require a clear- In this Report we find much that is suggestive. cut absolute Christian message to proclaim to our people In view of the great influence which it will have and we regret that the Report gives a wrong impression on our whole Christian Church in Japan we boldly in regard to this fundamental matter. Leaving theological make known our own views in the following arguments aside we feel the need of emphasizing more clearly the Gospel as centered in Christ and the Cross.

findings. (2) The Attitude Toward Other Faiths- Matters of Agreement We have been reared in the midst of such great faiths Aside from the question of the theology in- as Shinto and Buddhism. Even so we find them insuffivolved in the Report we find ourselves in full cient. accord with the policies advocated by the Commission in the following matters: As Christians we stand to the last for the uniqueness and the absoluteness of the Christian faith. Of course it (1) Although there must be changes in matters of is not our task to destroy the law and the prophets but policy yet we agree with the fundamental contention of rather to fulfill them. We therefore do not hesitate to the Commission that in some form foreign missions must show other faiths our goodwill. But we desire that the continue. false impression that Christianity it not necessary should be eradicated.

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(3) The Evangelistic Motive- into this movement. We hope that some form of coopera- tion, amalgamation or union will also be realized between Although we dislike the motive of pity which has char- the different mission organizations in Japan. acterized evangelism among less cultured peoples in the past we deplore the giving of the impression that as (b) We recognize that cooperation between the Chrisculture advances the need for evangelism vanishes. tians of the world is an essential condition for the estab- lishment of the Kingdom of God upon this earth. We We would demand the same zealous motive on the part therefore, in accordance with the suggestion of the Comof modern Christians that sent the early Christians with missioners, desire that through the frequent exchange of the Gospel to peoples of such superior culture as the visits and conferences on the part of Christian leaders of Greeks and the Romans. the different nations more and more an intimate identi- fication of interests and cooperation may be realized. Evangelism is not simply a matter of goodwill or comity between peoples, it is grounded in the fundamental mo- We earnestly hope that special measures toward this tive of bringing humanity back to God and enabling them end may be adopted. While the fact that the so-called to partake of salvation through Christ. younger church, which is necessarily weak, lacks the ability to enter fully into this field will necessitate a one- (4) Evangelistic Methods- sided assistance on the part of the older church for a time, yet as the younger church develops we believe there We do not believe that the traditional system of the will evolve an equality of ability to cooperate. We there- Church is necessarily fixed and unchangeable but as the fore desire that we mutually strive to promote this end. body of Christ the Church should maintain an order that is worthy of His name. Signed: We, therefore, deplore the giving of the impression that Rev. Wataru Saba-Presbyterian in evangelism we can fulfill our mission by dispensing Rev. Tameichiro Kanai-Presbyterian with the building of the Church and simply striving to Acting President Shiro Murata-Presbyterian give people a fuller and richer life. Rev. Masue Kawazoe-Presbyterian Rev. Michio Kozaki, D.D.-Congregational It is of course a part of the truth to urge evangelism Rev. Shinko Imaizumi-Congregational through living rather than through preaching but we want Rev. Koji Suzuki-Congregational to make it clear that to neglect preaching in the pioneer President Yochimune Abe, D.D.-Methodist stage of evangelism in which we find ourselves does not De~n Seishu Kawajiri-Methodist fit in with the national conditions as they obtain in Japan Rev. Seimei Yoshioka, D.D.-Methodist at the present time. Rev. Teruaki Takahashi-Baptist Rev. Kichigoro Kawamata-Baptist (5) Financial Help for Japanese Churches- Rev. Toizo Kawai-Christian Church Rev. Goro Fujisaki-Evangelical Self-support and independence as a basic policy is our Rev. Yoshio Ito-Free Methodist ideal and we believe that hitherto our Church in Japan Rev. Shozo Terao-United Brethren has striven to encourage this. In conformity with this Rev. Ken Takahashi-Omi Mission policy we fully expect that the amount of financial help Miss Koto Yamamoto-Yo W. C. A. will gradually decrease. Miss Michiko Sembongi-W. C. T. U. Rev. Saburo Yasumura-National Sunday School As- Yet in view of the conditions of our society in which the non-Christian influence is dominant we trust that it sociation will be recognized that in order to secure the largest Rev. Yasukuni Suzuki-Friends Church results in the field of evangelism we still must look for Prof. Shoichi Murao-Newspaper Evangelical Assothe noble and unselfish financial assistance of our fellow Christians abroad. ciation Mr. Ko Oiwa-National Educational Council We especially hope that in this time of tremendous Bishop Motozo Akazawa, D.D.-Executive Committee, transition as far as possible care will be taken not to inaugurate any radical changes in hitherto established National Christian Council work. Rev. Darley Downs-Executive Committee, National (6) Christian Education- Christian Council Dr. Yugoro Chiba, Executive Committee, National (a) We cannot agree with the impression which the Report gives that where educational institutions have Christian Council reached the high stage of development that they have in Dr. Kajinosuke Ibuka-Executive Committee, Naour country Christian education is unnecessary. tional Christian Council Rather in the face of the materialistic tendency of the Mrs. Tsuneko Gauntlet-Executive Committee, Naeducation given by the educational institutions around us we must push forward our Christian educational program. tional Christian Council Mr. G. S. Phelps-Executive Committee, National (b) As an ideal union or cooperation on the part of our educational institutions is desirable, but we cannot Christian Council fail to recognize the great diffi,culties that lie in the way Dr. Gilbert Bowles-Executive Committee, National of their realization. This is especially true in the realm of theological education. Christian Council Dr. A. K. Reischauer, D.D.-Executive Committee, We believe that the mission of our Christian education in Japan will be fulfilled by putting our educational in- National Christian Council stitutions on a sounder financial basis and by perfecting Miss S. R. Courtice-Executive Committee, National our educational system through the consummation of a Christian university. Christian Council Miss Elma Tharp-Executive Committee, National (7) Cooperative Administration- Christian Council (a) Administrative cooperation in the realm of evan- Rev. M. Kozaki – Executive Committee, National gelism has of late made great strides in our country in connection with the promotion of church union. Since we Christian Council recognize that this is the nearest way to the realization Rev. Akira Ebisawa–Secretary, Executive Commitof cooperative administration we are pouring our efforts tee, National Christian Council Rev. William Ax]ing, D.D.-Executive Committee, Na- tional Christian Council

Christ in the

A Suggested Program for Practical Missionary Service By the REV. C. BURNELL OLDS, Okayama, Japan For fifteen years a Missionary of the American Board in Japan EVERY avenue of human activity is being with being true friends to brother-men, and with compelled to reshape its policies and meth- doing brotherly things for them, and is not mere- ods. Our eyes have been opened to see where ly concerned with preaching theological dogmas.

the paramount human need lies and the method This plan has in view the education of the com- by which God is working to relieve it. munity and the stimulation of all good elements The way to serve God is through serving men. in it in such a way that everyone will contribute The Spirit of Christ demands that we be genu- his quota to the public good. The cultivation of inely friendly. This is driving us into missionary the friendly spirit in the community would mean activity through social service. nothing less than insistence upon a square deal Fifteen years of evangelistic experience in for every man and the creation of an environment Japan has led me to recognize the apparent hope- such that every person in it may make the best lessness of many of the accepted methods of possible success of his life. This is the kind of church planting and church development, espe- work for which Christ stood when He "went cially in backward districts. Churches that were about doing good."

established forty or fifty years ago, with every In practical operation, I would undertake, first, prospect of success, have not been able to show to conduct a community-wide campaign of public any substantial gain in membership, in ability to intelligence by means of lectures, illustrated by support themselves or in power materially to in- moving pictures and stereopticon slides, on topics fiuence their communities. As seed-distributing that would be most vitally related to the needs of centers they were no doubt valuable adjuncts to communities in Japan. These should embody the the forces working for the establishment of the best wisdom on the subject as learned by workers Kingdom of God, but as organized efforts looking in America, Europe and the other countries, and toward that end they had little success. For the should be adapted to the conditions of the par- future we ought to hope for something larger. ticular field in which they are to be used.

We believe in the Gospel as a power for the sal- In Japan, I would plan to associate with myself vation of communities as well as of individuals. some competent Japanese whom we could trust- We cannot rest satisfied until we see whole popu- a thorough-going Christian in spirit, who would lations changed, entire towns and cities coming need to be trained in social methods; a good under the dominion of Christ and transformed speaker, able to command a hearing.

by Him. We ought to expect this as the legitimate The next step would be to hunt out those who fruit of the Gospel. might be counted on to show an interest and to The social method should not supplant preach- take a leading part in seconding any reform that ing, but supplement it. We should preach the might be proposed. We should enlist their sym- Gospel as we have always preached it, not hesi- pathies to such an extent that they would become tating to name the name of Christ as above every sponsors for it.

name, but by using other methods apparently less They would advertise a motion picture enter- .direct, we may also be able to extend the King- tainment, to which we would invite personally all dom of God more quickly. the people of prominence in the community, send- The plan suggested is a campaign to advertise ing them tickets of admission. That would secure the fact in concrete ways that Christians, espe- our first audience. The first meeting would pre- cially Christians from foreign lands, desire above sent to the community, in as attractive form as all things else to be genuinely helpful, and that possible, the idea of the friendly spirit as applied they are ready in any way they can to minister to the problem~ of life, and we would endeavor to the public or private welfare of the nation or to show, by means of illustrations of successfully the community or of any individual. In short, conducted social enterprises in various parts of we desire to show people-as many as possible- the world, how the idea is being worked out that the religion of Christ is first of all concerned practically.

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A number of good films are available that 2. General Sanitation.

would present this idea concretely. One film pic- Japanese need much help all along this line. turing a successful community-center enterprise The fly and mosquito nuisances; infection of would be effective, and some photoplay that em- water and of mills; disposal of refuse; reconphasized the idea of friendliness, would help to struction of the sanitary system, etc., etc. accomplish our purpose. 3. Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs. The people should be informed of the plan in view, and a series of perhaps ten or twelve stere- Presented from the standpoint of health, effiopticon lectures, at the rate of once a month, ciency and economy, with the reinforcement of would enable us to study together some of the present world trends in the direction of prohicommunity reforms that are being carried on suc- bition. cessfully in different parts of the world. We might then work out together some plan for the 4. Public Playgrounds, Public Vegetable Gardens for the Children, etc.

bettering of conditions along the same lines in A beginning has been made in public play- their own community. At the beginning of each grounds in Tokyo and Osaka, and the Japanese meeting the topic would exhibit in pictorial form are ready for it. This opens the whole question some of the successful results of experimentation of occupations for children, their outdoor recrea- elsewhere. This would be followed by a paper tions, etc.

presented by some one in the community who 5. Indoor Recreations and Amusements, Readwould be able to speak authoritatively of the needs ing, etc. there and make some suggestions as to remedies. For the most part that matter would be discussed This deals with the question of public gymnain open meeting immediately after the presenta- siums, social halls, social clubs, music, literature, tion of the paper. This should result in the formu- books and papers, etc. Perhaps two subjects lation of some definite policies for the community should be made of this, the latter half heading to work out. up into an agitation for a public library.

All should be free to come to these meetings, 6. Treatment of Factory Employees. but it might be best to charge a nominal admission in order to defray necessary expenses and An increasingly important subject since the to eliminate small children and curiosity seekers. factory is coming into every town and hamlet, and almost every farm is contributing workers.

There might be a dozen different towns worked 7. Diet and Cooking.

simultaneously or in alternation by the same per- This also opens a question of great importance sons, and with the same outfit. Every effort in health and efficiency.

should be made to avoid giving the impression 8. Cooperative Enterprises. that the foreigner was running things. After the Community stores, profit-sharing schemes of nature and purpose of the work had become somewhat known, I should enter a community for various sorts, employment agencies; the whole work only at the invitation of the people them- problem of community service. selves and as soon as it was well under way I 9. Rescue Work and Social Reform.

should hope to withdraw and leave the work in Finding or making a self-supporting and a selfthe hands of the Japanese. respecting job for everyone. Example might be furnished by the work of the Goodwill Industries The program should cover topics most needing in America. to be presented in the particular community. A few have occurred to me as most likely to be of 10. Religious Movements for Social Betterment.

service. The purpose and basis of all true religion should 1. The Fight Against Tuberculosis. be taught. The nature and meaning of democracy, the power of the Gospel that Christ taught, the There is still vast need everywhere in Japan reason for religious propagation, etc. for help along this line especially such as foreigners can give, for the Japanese themselves are for The above list might, of course, be extended the most part quite unconcerned in the matter indefinitely. Those who have worked with the even though the disease is making frightful and stereopticon in Japan know the effectiveness of increasing inroads on the population. Fortu- the method. It requires no effort to secure audinately, much fine work has been done on the sub- ences as large as the building will accommodate. There is no difficulty in obtaining and holding at- ject by the Anti-Tuberculosis Society. Material tention to any worthy subject as long a time as has been gathered, lectures prepared and a good the speaker may care to hold them.

set of lantern slides is available. The Japanese are peculiarly responsive to any-

REPRESENTING CHRIST IN THE COMMUNITY

thing that may be regarded as world movements, munity, ministering to the legitimate needs of and if they become convinced, as they are becom- men. ing convinced, that the present world trend is in the direction of community betterment, there is When the work has reached this stage, there little doubt that they will respond to the effort. may be a demand for a social expert or social The Japanese can be expected to take up the sug- engineer to lead in a variety of enterprises and to gestions quickly and become leaders in reform. act as general teacher and adviser for the com- They are deeply interested in the idea and they munity. When the demand does come for such have already made great progress along certain men the Christian workers should have them lines. We may expect them soon, indeed, to pass ready. They must be men and women who have beyond the need of outside assistance in inaugu- as their chief qualification a consuming love for rating social movements. If we do not seize the humanity. We must infuse into them the Chrisopportunity now it will pass by forever so far as tian spirit and teach them not merely to preach we are concerned. The Government has been mak- dogmas but to lead the way as effective workers ing extensive investigations of the social needs along brotherhood lines in active comradeship looking toward some constructive program, and with Jesus Christ for the redemption of the world. those who are connected with the commission are for the most part earnest Christians. With such a program, from the outset and all the way along, we shall be in danger from one The whole nation is setting its face to welcome of two perils. We shall be in danger, on the one reform movements and it is possible for the hand, of striking against the Scylla of what may Church to infuse the entire program with the appear to the Government as socialism-or, on Christian spirit, as has never been possible before. the other hand, we may lose ourselves in the It would be a great misfortune to the cause of subtle Charybdis of a Christianity that has left Christ if the Church should make the mistake in Christ out. An undisguised program of practical Japan that was made in America of allowing a helpfulness for the community, carried out in social movement that is non-Christian, and in harmony with the program of the Government, some cases anti-Christian, to take the leadership. should enable us to avoid the one, and an un- swerving loyalty to the spiritual aims of Christ If we have this spirit of friendly service, it will for the world, should enable us to escape the mean that we shall have a genuine interest in other. all that concerns the welfare of the nation and we will not hesitate to help directly and indirect- Those who have the true missionary spirit of ly other welfare movements. friendship for our brothers in other lands must launch with vigor this method of bringing in the We have the dynamic in the conscious relation Kingdom of God. We should begin experimentwe sustain toward Christ, of partnership with ally in one country and one province. Ample Him in the redemption of the world, and we shall facilities for the accomplishment of the purposes be able to pass on that dynamic to Japan only should be speedily provided and methods discovas we reenforce our words by our deeds of friend- ered that will be practicable for use in mission ly service. fields the world round.

The people of a country like Japan ought to Whatever the needs and opportunities in other become deeply interested in such a program. A lands, the present hour is one of vast significance picture show should develop into a study meeting for Japan. What Japan needs now-and she with a definite purpose, and a thorough study of needs it as she needs nothing else-is a friend conditions and needs ought to result in the in- who shall lead her out into the glory of the day, auguration of a movement that would change the where Christ's ideal of universal goodwill and life of the community. A fixed meeting place, cooperative service can be made the pole-star of where people could get together and study and her destinies. discuss these great problems, might become the community center. The people might, on their NO DILUTED CHRISTIANTY own initiative, find and rent the building, and equip it for reading rooms, game rooms, gymna- Sir Monier-Williams was for more than forty years a sium, social clubs, night school, day nursery, kindergarten, dispensary and other uses. In time diligent student of the religions of India. This eminent the rented rooms might give place to a building especially constructed for the purpose, built in Christian scholar gave the following advice to missionsuch a way as to serve the community not only for the social uses but as church and general pub- aries: "Be fair; be charitable; be Christlike; but let lic meeting place. It would become, in short, the social, religious and democratic center of the com- there be no mistake. Let it be made absolutely clear that Christianity cannot, must not, be watered down to suit the palate of either Hindu, Parsee, Confucianist, Buddhist or Mohammedan, and that whosoever wishes to pass from the false religions to the true can never hope to do so by the rickety planks of compromise."

Victories in

By J. HOWARD KITCHEN, Siangcheng, Honan Missiolzary of the China Inland Mission PROBABLY no country is more difficult to Christian evangel. It is an undisputed fact that picture accurately than present-day China. It not for many years has North China seen such a resembles a kaleidoscope whose colors and spiritual movement as is taking place at the presforms are constantly changing – bewildering ent time, and it is of real importance that friends Dften, terrifying sometimes, fascinating always. at home should keep in touch with these soul- The clashes between the Chinese and Japanese stirring happenings and not be deceived by the military forces have provided the newspapers political dust storms that blow with unfailing with headline news of China for nearly two years, regularity across the pages of the daily press. and the average reader has gained the impression Rather more than a year ago definite spiritual that the whole of China must be one seething riot revivals took place among many of the churches of war and civil strife. This is far from the truth. in the province of Shantung. Dead churches were revived; backsliders and half-dead Christians China is a vast country of four hundred mil- were restored to life; confession of sin and restilion people. While these international encounters have often spread more than a ripple over the tution for wrongdoing took place; non-Christians surface, it is amazing how localized such disturb- were brought to Christ; church members were ances really are. At present the whole of Man- stirred into a flame of new devotion in prayer churia is in the hands of the Japanese militarists and Bible study and public witnessing. The move- who have even pushed on southwards towards the ment was largely spontaneous in its development, rich prizes of Tientsin and Peiping; there is a and extended under the name of the "Ling En serious Moslem revolt in Sinkiang (Chinese Tur- Huei"-the Spiritual Grace Society.

kestan) which is said to be largely at the mercy Further impetus to the spiritual momentum has of the rebels; there are communist armies in now been given through the visits of Dr. John Kiangsi estimated at 100,000 men; there is civil Song and a preaching band of young men from war in Szechuan, and there are bandits (as usual) the Bethel Mission in Shanghai. They have been in Honan; and yet it might be safely estimated holding crowded evangelistic meetings in strategic that 90% of the Chinese people are carrying on centers throughout North China-Kaifeng and their daily work in comparative peace and safety, Chengchow in Honan, Tientsin and Peiping, in and are infinitely more concerned over the state Hopei, Taiyuan, the capital of Shansi, and many of the crops or the prospects of their business other places. In each case the results have been than over these national troubles which the un- remarkable, hundreds have been converted, thou- initiated might think would soon overwhelm the sands of church members have been helped, and entire country. these great cities have been mightily moved for The Chinese mind is materialistic rather than God, while scores of evangelistic bands have been mystical, pragmatic rather than philosophical, and formed to carryon the preaching of the Gospel.

much more concerned with meeting the trouble Dr. John Song, as many know, is the son of a of the immediate present than with facing that Chinese pastor in Fukien Province, and was grad- of the less immediate future. This explains in uated a Doctor of Philosophy at an American part the resiliency with which the difficulties are university. After facing a tremendous spiritual met as they come, and the recovery that follows crisis he laid aside his educational honors, threw so rapidly; factors which constantly amaze the away his diplomas, and is now giving himself Western observer of oriental affairs. wholeheartedly to the evangelization of his native And yet it may be claimed that the many sor- land. His appearance is by no means prepossess- rows of recent years-war, flood,. famine and ing and his platform antics are the more remark- pestilence-coming one on top of another, have able in contrast with the undemonstrative attitude to some extent loosened the grip of soul-destroying of most Chinese preachers. He pours out his materialism and have driven the Chinese people messages in a torrential dialect which is not well to an almost unconscious search for spiritual understood in Northern China, and yet his mes- realities; hence new avenues have opened for the sages grip his hearers, Chinese and foreign, and [448 ]

WHAT SOME APPRAISERS OVERLOOK

their influence continues when other sermons interested in the evangelization of China. When have long since been forgotten. His friend, Mr. these veterans returned to China after the anti- Lin, formerly a well-paid science teacher, gives a foreign troubles of 1927, it was to prospect a new running "translation" into northern dialect as field for the continuing Presbyterian Church of Dr. Song proceeds; their two colleagues, Pastors Canada. After many disappointments, a great Chi and Nieh, lead the singing and assist in the field of opportunity opened in Western Manchuria. meetings, making a first-class Gospel team. No Here the work has grown so rapidly that the hymn books are used; a new chorus is taught at handful of foreign missionaries there has proved each meeting and may be sung twenty or thirty quite inadequate; but the fact that new recruits times before the end, very effectively hammering could not be sent from Canada proved a blessing home the message. These young men spend much for it has led to the enlistment of a large band time in Bible study and prayer, and united prayer of between sixty and seventy Chinese evangelists "like the sound of many waters" is a feature of and Bible women. This work was a venture of each public meeting. These are some of the secrets faith, but a venture wonderfully justified by reof the power that is behind them. sults. Some 500 baptisms were recorded during 1932, and this number has been exceeded during While the Bethel Band has been at work in the the first few months of 1933. Nearly $2,000 was large cities a very gracious work of the Holy given by the Chinese Christians last year towards Spirit has been carried on in many of the country self-support. districts in Honan through special meetings conducted by two lady missionaries, Miss Marie Mon- Mrs. Goforth held an audience in Peiping spellsen and Miss A. Christensen. The blessing re- bound for an hour one Sunday afternoon as she ceived has been proportional to the willingness of told a soul-stirring story of what God has been church members to accept the implications of the doing lately in Manchuria. Dr. Goforth, who is message. A few have hardened their hearts and 74 years of age, is now seriously threatened with remained unmoved but the large majority have the loss of his eyesight. These devoted missionbeen greatly helped. "If brigands had tortured aries have won many Chinese to Christ. me I would not have confessed the sins I have now made public," said a woman at one of the There are good tidings from China today. They meetings; "truly I have been guilty of every sin." form the best possible antidote to the unfavorable Scores of men and women have "called upon the reports that have been broadcast too freely, rec- Name of the Lord" and have been saved and con- ommending radical changes on the foreign missecrated to His service. sion field. But God is not defeated! He is win- ning fresh victories every day. The Holy Spirit, Far north in Manchuria, where the strife and who equipped Peter and John, and Paul and Bardisturbance still continues, comes news of bless- nabas, continues to equip men and women for ing through the work of Dr. and Mrs. Jonathan effective service in proclaiming the soul-saving Goforth, whose names are well known to those Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ.

What Some Appraisers Overlook* Glimpses of the Revival in North China A Letter from the REV. RICHARD E. JENNESS, Shuntehfu, North China A Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

GOD'S Spirit is working mightily in our meetings for four days in the home village of Shuntehfu field, North China. Last Fri- one of the graduates of the Boys' School. day, you might have seen a group of young Chinese with one foreigner trudging along a dusty A group of people came out to meet us. There road for ten miles to Nan Kai Tsung. There were were the mayor and two of the village elders, nine students from the Men's Bible School, one several of the leading citizens, and the boy's teacher and myself. We were to hold evangelistic school, teacher and scholars.

• There are four hundred patients at this hospital, .about eighty After a meal of millet and bean gruel, steamed of whom are Christians. One of these patients, Nagata, has pub- bread and salt turnip pickle, we lighted the little lished three books which are widely known among Japanese Chris- oil lamps, while one of our number went out with tians. the dinner bell into the streets and lanes of the

village to "ring" in the crowd. Soon all the back- When the young man came to morning prayers less benches were occupied, and the standing room I drew him aside, and urged him to be more gentle was taken. in his efforts to convert his mate. He admitted he had been rash and asked prayer for himself I preached on the "Sinful Heart" that night and his wife. from Jeremiah 17: 9. "The heart is deceitful above all things, and desperately wicked: who That evening John Li opened the song service, can know it?" I borrowed a device used by Pas- and a student met me at the gate with the words, tor Chi of the Bethel Band and hung a big red "Young Mrs. Li, who had a fight with her huspaper heart on the wall. From this I proceeded band last night is here and wants to speak with to draw out dangling streamers with all the sins you." I found her sitting on the k'a,ng with sevenumerated by the apostle Paul in Gal. 5: 19-21. eral of the older women. She looked up eagerly and said, "Pastor Chen, I have come to confess On Sunday afternoon, as I strolled through the my sins, I want to believe in Jesus." The believfields, I saw ahead of me a group of men. One ers all knelt in prayer, and she gave her heart to of them, a sturdy old gentlemen, said to his fel- the Lord. There was a look of peace and joy Qn lows, "Is that not a foreigner that comes yonder?" her face as she said, "Now all in our home are He regarded me as a curiosity and was surprised of one mind." to hear me address him in his own language. He was an eye doctor who lived in the next village That last afternoon and evening in Nan Kai north and I invited him to the evening meeting. Tsung will never be forgotten. We visited all He accepted the invitation and came. He came the homes of the believers, both new and old. again on Tuesday evening and said most earnest- There were about fifteen homes, and in all but ly: "Pastor Chen, I have come to ask about the two or three of these the idols had been torn Christian doctrine. I am sixty-two years old, and down. And in each of these few remaining, some while I have done nothing criminal, my heart is aged unbeliever, a mother or grandmother, reunclean, and life has no zest. Perhaps your Jesus fused to have the god in her room molested. can give me a clean heart and can make life worth living to me." There was a hungry look in his In one home an old man told of his sinful life eyes that showed that this iron grey man was in the past, and how now it was bearing fruit in frankly opening his heart. I told him of Jesus the lives of his wayward sons. Suddenly he fell and of His cleansing power, and of the peace and on the ground on his hands and knees, sobbing, joy of heart which He could give. Then we knelt "0 Jesus, you know the burden on my heart, you in prayer and He gave his heart to the Lord. I know the burden on my heart." gave him a copy of the Gospels which he received gladly. A week later his friends told me that he The last evening meeting was given over largetore down his idols, much to the consternation of ly to testimony and prayer. New-born children in his wife, who for years has been an exorcist and Christ rose one after another and told of the spirit-medium in the village. peace and joy that Christ had brought to their On Sunday evening at the close of the service I hearts. asked all who desired us to pray for them to raise One testimony was from a young man who their hands. Most of the audience put up their hands. The following night, Monday, I asked those leaped to his feet and said, "I have something to to raise their hands who would tear down their say." He was a strong looking fellow, though he idols, and from henceforth accept Jesus Christ showed the marks of dissipation. His face was as their only God and Saviour. Over twenty haggard and set as he said, "I don't want to say hands went up. We entered their names in our this, but there is something in my heart which prayer diaries. Again we knelt in prayer and compels me. You know what I have been. I have asked God to help them carry out their resolve. been a soldier. I have gorged and drank and have caroused with evil women and gambled. And I Early Tuesday morning one of the village have smoked opium and taken heroin. And this elders, Mr. Li, himself an enrolled believer, called latter evil has fastened upon me its chains till I at our room and announced, "My son and his wife have become its slave. I have tried every way to had a fight last night." "What was the trouble?" break off but without success. Oh, this heroin is we asked. "Well, you see, he went home last eve- a devil; and it talks to me. After I have broken ning from the meeting and smashed the incense off for a few days it comes to me and says, 'You burner and tore down the god, and his wife re- have been a good boy for a few days; now just viled him and tried to restrain him, and he beat take a little whif of me to comfort your heart. her." We were somewhat shocked and not a little I won't hurt you this once.' And then I take a disturbed. Old Mr. Li shook his head sadly and whif, and it is all over with me. I'm gone. And continued, "I had to go in and separate them, and now I have decided to take Jesus as my Saviour, now she won't eat and he is glum." to put myself in His hands. I know I can't fight this devil myself, but He can, and He will save me. Friends, you know how much opium smok-

ing and drug taking there is in this village; you were greatly blessed. A whole family decided to know how many homes it has wrecked; you know give their lives to Christ, also a woman from an- the banditry and kidnapping and lawlessness that other home.

have resulted; you know the bad name our village Greater blessings were to follow. God's work has in all this region because of this devil that had really begun in that village and the Holy has us in chains here. Four of us young men Spirit continued after we left. When the next (and here he named them) have decided to put baptismal service took place two months later, ourselves in Christ's hands, for Him to change eight men and three women came in from this us. We believe He and He alone can save us. village to ask for baptism. Two families discard- Pray for us." ed their idols.

This eloquent passionate speaker was none Later I started out with another band to hold other than Yuan Tsun Chi, the younger brother meetings there again. In Yang Ts'un, we had an of our honored host. attendance of eighty-one the first afternoon, and That night old Mrs. Yuan, the mother of these many stayed after the meeting to receive help.

two men, drew me into her room, and with her On Sunday afternoon we went out to visit six eyes aglow with joy she said, "Now Pastor Chen, homes. Oh, the poverty in nearly all the homes.

won't you pray with me and with my boys. I am A young man asked us to come into his room and so happy tonight, because we are now a united take down the old paper gods. We did so and family,-united in faith in Jesus." gave him a Gospel picture to take their place.

Last Sunday I returned to Nan Kai Tsung and The mother said, "If all the men in the family are found a room full of eager people. I asked the going to believe, I am too," so she tore down her four young men: "Have you kept away from the gods. In the next home, there was a believing 'stuff'?" Before they could answer, one of the husband, but the wife dared not leave her idols.

older men replied, "They are changed, they are She stood shuddering before the idol hanging be- changed." One of the young fellows,-the very fore her, and said she dared not, dared not. The boy who had beat his wife for interfering with fight was on. We got her to kneel and we all his idol smashing, said, "The devil is strong, but knelt around her and laying our hands on her, Jesus saves us. We come here to the chapel and cried out for the power of God to drive out the pray and sing together when the "yin" comes fear of the devil. She presently said, "Let my hus- upon us" (craving for opium). band take it down." After that she came to the After the service the Christian believers or- meetings and told us that she had no fear but ganized a Christian fellowship and they are look- only joy.

ing forward to the time when they will have their The Spirit was working in homes everywhere.

own church. At the close of each meeting many asked for help In Yang Ts'un, three miles from Nan Kai and no one would leave. Always there were souls Tsung, Mrs. Jenness and a band of women stu- saved. Monday evening we were able to hold our dents held meetings similar to those in Nan Kai meeting outside and had one hundred adults and Tsung, and more than thirty professed faith~', fifty-five children present.

Christ. From other villages are coming many .1# Such days we had. Full every minute. The vitations to hold evangelistic meetings. "'I e last few nights we could not get away and meet- fields are white unto harvest, but the laborers ings lasted until eleven or after. Our time, apart are few! Pray the Lord to send forth laborers." from the meetings, was spent visiting homes, A Letter from Mrs. Jenness teaching people in our courts and praying. The way people have grasped the Gospel is In a little village, called Yang Ts'un, 20 li (6 or marvellous and shows the teaching of the Holy 7 miles) northeast of Shuntehfu, there were two Spirit in their hearts. They are rejoicing Chris- church members. These came to beg for classes tians who dare to acknowledge that they are in their village. Here was the opportunity to take saved, and to go to their neighbors' houses and a band of students and teachers out for a few do all they can to win them to Jesus. We have days of service. The people sent an ox-cart for watched the power of God sweep through these us and a goodly amount of bedding. villages and have seen the Spirit working His We held three and four meetings a day in the miracles in hearts. The fields are ripe, we have court out of doors. Our band met before the meet- only to gather.

ings and besought God's power. Our attendance There were now so many believers in the vil- ran from sixty to ninety. We had to give up lages where Mr. Jenness and I had been, that it having a class, and our meetings took on the na- was decided to go back and help them to form ture of a revival service. Each day we had so Christian groups, that they might provide for many children that we had a separate meeting services and establish a body which later may be- for them in another court. The last two nights come indigenous churches.

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~=I= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = PLANS FOR FRESH trated, unified thiJ?-king our- Missionary Exhibitions BEGINNINGS selves. Attention IS directed again to the excellent plan out- A number of contributions on Gearing In lined a few months ago in this the value of visual methods in department for a missionary missionary education have re- One valuable lesson which the council called "A World Friend- cently been received. This one, financial depression has brought ship Committee." A representa- adapted from a report in the home to church and business tive from each organization in World Call, comes from a pastor world alike is the necessity for the church and a specially quali- at Ord, Neb. "gearing in" for economy and fied teacher or person from each increased efficiency. What a department of the church school We called it a "Missionary Fair." wiping' out of waste motion, what would be selected to be on this We began to push it about six months a focussing of power, might be committee and to act as world previously by urging every person to effected in the average church if friendship superintendents for make something used in some way on its entire missionary program their respective groups. Each a mission field. One class of young might be closely geared in, both representative thus becomes a ladies made a model of the Bolenge as to personnel and endeavor. contact person for the purpose station. A class of girls made a Jap- "Closer Coordination" may well of stimulating and enriching the anese garden; another a raised map be adopted as a watchword for entire curriculum along the line of India; a man loaned a fine collecthe movement, beginning with of missions. tion of arrowheads and also made a the units in the local church and bow and arrows for our Indian exhibextending to the outermost This committee would first it. A citizen of our town who was boundaries of the missionary study the curriculum as a whole, born in China loaned us a very large fields. with a view to fitting it into the Chinese exhibit. A woman from a total church program. It would neighboring town who had served as Miss Grace W. McGavran, who then formulate its objectives, a missionary in India came for one supplies helps for children's day with a wonderful collection of groups in The World Call, says: study the interests of the various curios and just lived India among us. groups, the channels, the means The walls of our basement were sim- We know that the time in which we ply covered with the display. The may carryon the total religious pro- and materials available and out- lady from India gave a very helpful gram for our children in the church line its program of study, giving costume address another day. Our is limited. It becomes all the more Nebraska secretary of Women's Work important that every phase of this and activities. This program was with us from Friday until Mon- Christian education be planned and would not be arbitrarily set up day. She certainly clinched the meanmade to count…… There is no rea- ing of our exhibits. The ladies served son why all who are directing the Jun- but gradually built up as the in- lunch each day in some country's style ior Groups which meet at various terests of the groups are ascertimes and for various specific purposes tained. The beginning of mis- -one day American Indian, another should not plan their work together. sionary education should not be In addition there are inter-department in the financial needs of the China, and another India. contacts which must be planned by the boards but rather in the interest whole children's division. The leaders in any given missionary project Now for the results. Interest in of all groups need to be familiar with on the part of the people. Your missions has been helped wonderfully. what is going on in the Sunday school church can do this. Launch it in A group wants a mission study class period. It is the responsibility of the this autumnal period of fresh to start early in January. Many, eslocal leaders ……to see that there beginnings and regard it as only pecially among the young people, want are no duplications because of lack of the initial step toward a closer to make things such as others use, and clearing. gearing in of denominational a large number have said, "We want a fair again next year." We will plan But why stop with the chil- and inter-denominational opera- to get people to work early next year, dren's work if the rest of the tions, to the end that our com- and will endeavor to get as much church program runs hit-or- mon world-wide tasks may be knowledge of the country they select miss, each organization follow- their project from as possible. I do ing its own impulse? We should m 0 r e speedily accomplished. not know of anyone thing I ever had not need the Laymen's Inquiry Plans looking toward closer co- in my work that I believe is equal to for "Re-thinking Missions" if ordination will appear in this de- our fair in results except a good old we did a little more concen- revival period. We followed up the partment from time to time. fair with a write-up, pictures, plans for the church school of missions, and [452 ] definite planning for an improved ed- ucational process in connection with a similar event next year.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

An English Missionary Fair of Missions, fourteen denomina- wisdom to interpret conditions in the light of His ideals; for those in places It proved a down-to-date ver- tions being represented on their of leadership in our industrial world. sion of "The Magic Carpet," summer school committee. This since the exercise of imagination outline (necessarily much abbre- Supplementary Suggestions: transported the visitors from viated) will prove a valuable key one part of the globe to another to the teaching of the subject 1. Make a list of Jesus' statements in a trice. The Edinburgh (Scot- among adults or young people. regarding social relationships, land) Medical Missionary Quar- Rauschenbusch's "Prayers of the classifying them under such terly tells how most of the other Social Awakening," THE MIS- headings as citizenship, neighbotlands were gathered together un- SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, liness, justice, etc., and citing any der the roof of a large assembly The Christian Century and The which might seem responsible for Christian Herald are particular- the industrial unrest of today. hall at Newcastle. ly cited as supplementary ma- terial. "Where C r 0 s s the 2. Discussion Topics: (a) How is the There they all were, from Japan to Crowded Ways of Life" is sug- "divine right of classes" idea still Western Canada, from the South Sea gested in its various stanzas as evident in American labor? (b) Islands to Labrador, and all one had the memory hymn for the course. Are there evidences that the idea to do was to pay 6d at the door and of brotherhood is growing in walk around the courts. Attentive Key Note: We shall be inter- American industry? stewards were ready to explain the ested in changing external conexhibits, while from time to time ditions as they help or hurt hu- Chapter III: The Man, the Machine, twenty-minute talks, which always man lives, and shall count noth- and the Job. drew large crowds, were given at each ing foreign to the task or mesof the courts. sage of home missions that 1. Statistics showing replacement of makes or mars personality.- men by machines and increased What was the most remarkable fea- John M. Moore. production. ture of the exhibition? …..It is difficult to say; but one thing which did The study involves consideration of 2. What is the machine doing to men? stand out very prominently was the Jesus' Way of Life in the world of 3. The human cost of unemployment. real spirit of fellowship and unity work; the sacredness of personality 4. Cures for unemployment. which prevailed. The members of the even in our machine age; the human 5. The right to a job. committee were drawn from all de- cost of unemployment; working connominations. Various missionary so- ditions in our social order; women, Aim: cieties were represented, thus afford- children and racial groups in indus- 1. To realize to what extent human ing an opportunity to visitors to the try; the responsibility and privilege exhibition to become acquainted with of the church in building a Christian values are affected by the mathe work which other societies than society in the modern world. chine. their own were specially interested in 2. To judge, as Christ would, the doing, and so taking another step for- means being used to meet the sitward on the way to understanding and uation. cooperation between the churches. Devotionals: Our Daily Bread. Eccl. 3: 3; Matt. 6: 11; 1 John 3: 17. Prayer for the unemployed; for the employed; for those engaged in relief work; for those who are planning to- ward permanent preventatives of un- employment.

During the exhibition we were given Aims of the Course: Supplementary Suggestions: the opportunity of performing three 1. To secure a knowledge of conditions 1. Debates on unemployment insurof our missionary sketches. and problems in American indus- ance; Does society owe every It has been aptly said that the for- trial life today. man a job? Are reforestration projects economically sound? eign mission enterprise is the result 2. To discover how Jesus would deal with them. 2. Report of reforestration project to of the temperature of the home church date. reaching the boiling point and boiling 3. To recognize and assume the reover. Perhaps missionary exhibitions sponsibility of a Christian indi- 3. Talk on "Child Nomads." form one of the best kinds of fuel; as vidual toward conditions and 4. Enumerate changes that the masomething one can see and handle problems. brings. home the conditions in other chine age has made in family and lands and the real needs of the people Chapter I: Christ and the World's community life in U. S., classifyin a way in which almost nothing else Work. ing them as helpful and construccan. tive or harmful and destructive. 1. Jesus' age and ours. 5. Make a scrap book of newspaper An Interdenominational 2. Jesus and the world. articles on this session's topics.

a. The world of work and the King- 6. What is the distinctive function of Mission Study dom of God. the Church in the unemployment b. Work and the brotherhood of situation?

One of the most practical man. The remainder of this outline will appear in our next issue. among the books in this year's 3. The sacredness of personality. Chapter II: Labor's Progress. United Mission Study Course is Membership Recruiting "Christianity and Industry in 1. Labor as slave. America," by Alva W. Taylor. 2. Labor as serf-servant. Are you satisfied with the pro- It is brimful of home mission 3. Labor in Colonial America. portion of women or young peo- 4. Labor's progress in the United potentialities, if We regard care. States. ple you have enrolled in their refor the bodies, the living condi- Aim: 1. To discover Jesus' plan for a Chris- spective missionary organizations and the religious oppor- tian Social Order. tunities as a part of soul-seeking tions? This is the time of the and soul-salvation. Mrs. B. P. 2. To understand the background of year to launch a recruiting cam- our present industrial organiza- paign. The Butterfly Plan is rec- Heubner contributes the follow- tion. ommended as particularly suc- ing analytical and constructive Devotionals: Jesus' Social Plan.' cessful. Each member in the or- Matt. 20: 25-28; Matt. 16: 25; 1 Tim. ganization is given the name of outline of the book as taught by a non-member to whom she 2: 2-4; Micah 6: 8. Prayer for clear her at the Lake Geneva, Wiscon- vision to see wherein our industrial writes a curiosity-tickling invisin I)1t~rdenominational School ordElr falls short of Jesls' idealsi for

tation to an early autumn meet- tival of the M. E. Standard Bear- cial groups in America being ining of the organization, keeping ers at Ohio Wesleyan University, cluded in the Exhibition.

her identity secret by merely Delaware, Ohio, and was enthu- Miss Fensom also relays a signing herself "Your Butterfly siastically carried out. (H) re- method called "Program Build- Friend," and attaching a Denni- fers to Handy; (II) to Handy ing Compared to Cake Baking,"

son butterfly s tic k e r. All II and numbers to the Kit.* in which the general directions through the year she keeps in 1. Balero, 33-Mexico. for the latter are: frequent touch with her protegee 2. Big Lantern, Little Lantern, 30- 1. All utensils and ingredients asthrough invitations to the meet- sembled before beginning to make Japan. the cake. ings, Christmas, Easter and 3. Broken Quotations, 30-Japan. 2. Ingredients fresh and of good birthday cards and any other 4. Calabashes, 25-Mexico. quality. means by which interest may be 5. First Guess, 12–Japan. 6. Friends (Pang Yo), 32-China. 3. All measurements level. aroused and curiosity whetted. 7. German Bat Ball, H. 4. Bowl of proper shape and size.

The Mayor June meeting is ad- 8. Go, 32-Japan. 5. Spoons, egg beater, etc. vertised as a Butterfly Luncheon 9. Go Ban, 33–Japan. 10. Hasami Shogi, 33-Japan. Corresponding directions for -"The Birth of the Butterflies." 11. How Do You Like Your Neighbor? the program are: Artificial butterflies hover over the real flowers with which the H-Bulgaria. 1. All material available read and 12. Jan Kern Po, H–Japan. studied. tables are decorated profusely. Paper napkins, boutonnieres and 13. Japanese Corn Game, 27. 2. New material used. 14. Lame Chicken, 12-China. other decorations bear emblems 3. Proper balance of program. of the same bright insects. But- 15. Merelles H,-India, Europe, Asia. 4. Well-appointed place for meetterfly friends and their pro- 16. Norwegian Baseball H. ing. tegees are for the first time re- 17. Ring and Pin, 23 Canada. 5. Proper persons to carry out provealed to each other and sit side gram. by side. The toasts may include 18. Ruma 34,-India. 19. Songe 34,-Africa. T he recipe,' Shortening – definite 20. Tree Ball 33,-American Indian. aim for meeting; seasoning-music; flavoring – variety in programs; 21. Wari II-Africa. liquid-reports of working commit- such topics as "Our Missionary PROGRAM POINTERS tees; icing-social hour. In develop- Gardens," "The Rebirth of a Soul," "Out of Darkness Into Miss Elizabeth r. Fensom, ing this idea as an object lesson or Light," "The Cocoon of Life," demonstration, certain standard pro- "Creating Atmosphere in the Conductor of "The Open Forum" gram themes (varied to meet individ- in Missions magazine, tells how ual needs and miscellaneous topics) might well be called "basic recipes." Garden," etc. Of course an effort to transform "A Progressive should be made to round up Foreign Missionary Party" into *** "Living Portraits from the every new butterfly recruit as a "A World's Fair of Missions." Book of Remembrance" (the In the former, seven hostesses- Missionary Prayer Book) was working member. each one representing a foreign the program worked out in the Fun and World-Mindedness country – dress in native cos- North Shore Baptist Church of tume and preside at tables on Chicago. A short opening talk on Nine years ago there appeared which are placed curios, leaflets the general features of the "Book a neat loose-leaf manual called and other articles relating to the of Remembrance" incorporated Handy which gave the best play respective fields. Guests, divided the statement that inasmuch as ideas, programs, games and folk into seven groups, are seated at there were no pictures in the litmaterial from everywhere, espe- these tables and in addition to tle volume and its information cially adapted for interdenomi- examining the curios, listen to was necessarily limited, it had national church use. It soon six-minute talks on missionary been thought a good plan to' bring became a standard blue book of work in the fields exploited, then before the organization a porsocial recreation, featuring, as it at a piano signal progress to the trait of some persons listed did, many items suitable for mis- next table in line and so on until there, each picture being able to sionary gatherings. A compan- a complete round has been made. "speak for itself." The curtains ion volume, Handy II, was At the close there is a final dis- were then drawn disclosing a brought out in 1931. In addition, cussion period in which one per- large table containing flowers, a pocket-size quarterly magazine son in each group leads in pottery and a few books, and set called the Kit is issued to keep prayer for a country covered by as closely as possible towards the Handies fresh and up-to- the demonstration. Each guest the back of the table was a picdate. Skill, rhythm, creative ac- carries home a set of leaflets ture frame about 2 by 3 feet, tivities and folk fun are continu- giving information about the constructed of beaver board and ally featured. several missions. decorated like an old frame with Workers among children's and Adapting this plan to the sec- gilt paint. The "portraits" sat in young p eo pIe's missionary ond idea, booths are used instead turn on a high stool behind this groups know the value of recre- of tables for the displays and frame and rested their arms on ational material in terms of the lectures, home missions and ra- some books on a table to the rear folk for whom interest is being so that as each spoke her face created. The following compila- • Ha,ndy Manua,ls, Nos. I and II, $2.50 tion of international amuse- each. The Kit Recreational Quarterly, $1.00 was brought well within the ments was used at a district fes- per year. Wholesale sets of 12 Kits and frame and could be lighted from binder, $2.00. Church Recreation Service, the front of the platform. Delaware, Obio.

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BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ~ 10 ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK "PRAY FOR THE PEACE CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR GOLDEN RULE WEEK OF JERUSALEM" COMMITTEE MEETING "By your thrift give others a Once more the year has rolled Mrs. Daniel A. Poling, of New lift" is an appeal to be made in around and the WorId Day of York City, represented the Coun- the Golden Rule Thrift Cam- Prayer program has already cil of Women for Home Missions paign which will emphasize ecobeen sent broadcast for transla- at the annual executive meeting nomical living and sacrificial tion into many languages. The of the National Committee on the giving. theme is "Pray for the Peace of Cause and Cure of War which Jerusalem." The date for ob- was held on June 5 at 600 Lex- Those who have no work must, servance will be February 16, ington' Avenue, New York City. by dint of given necessity, prac- 1934, the first Friday in Lent. The meeting launched for the tice economy and thrift, even to The "Call to Prayer" was pre- coming year the marathon round the point of serious self-denial pared by Mrs. Robert Morgan of tables, the educational project of and inj ury of health. Elinburgh, Scotland, who is ac- the Committee for this year. tive in building up the observ- This will emphasize more than Those who have work must ance of the day in Scotland. This ever the economic factors in also practice economy and thrift, Call should be used early in our maintaining peace. Some of the churches in preparation for the subjects to be taken up at these in order to create the margin interdenominational observance. round tables are: "Does the with which to help those who trend of the United States Gov- have nothing, or too little. The program, "Pray for the ernment policy point positively Peace of Jerusalem," was pre- toward per man e n t peace"; It is proposed that the entire pared by Mrs. Louis Hofmeyer "What are the i n d i cat ion s nation be encouraged to observe of Cape Town, South Africa. through institutions, usages, or together a special week of econ- She, too, is active in mission omy and thrift during Golden work in her country, and at- tendencies, that may lead nations Rule Week, December 10-17, tended the International Mis- 1933, and thereby share with sionary Council Meeting in Jeru- to break into war despite peace others, so all may live together salem in 1928 and in Herrnhut in pledges"; "What are the present as God's children. 1932. In September, church mission- indications, as shown in peace From Mrs. C. C. Chen who ary societies could plan for a prepared the program "Follow machinery, international pledges, luncheon or dinner either in Thou Me," comes the message their own churches or in the (in a recent letter to the edi- treaties, etc., that point to the community, in connection with tor)- coming of permanent peace?" the regular autumn missionary meetings. The menu might be I pray every day and any time that The round tables will be held model as to quantity and quality God will show us a way out of all the chaos! by local groups of between ten and expense. If each church Some of us are paying the price for and fifteen women. Members are woman donated "a bit" toward the better days to come. One cannot worry over what one' cannot control sent from these to State round the luncheon, and then paid annor help; one can only do what one table discussions. In turn, rep- other "bit" for the privilege of can within one's power. The miracle resentatives of the state round the fellowship meal, there would will have to be performed by God. tables will be sent to the national be good fun, and extra money to help others. If the hard times The world needs upright leaders, conference next January. especially China. Let us pray for that. have taught us certain new hab- Following the afternoon meet- its of economy in home-making, In mission work I am sure that a ing Mrs. Catt, speaking over the great change is coming. The world network of the National Broad- let us share the ideas. Do send tide demands a new course for the casting Company, made a na- reports of meetings to the editor. current of Christian force. If only If this will be done throughout we would be broadminded enough to tional appeal to women to inter- the country, what valuable inforthink of the fine meaning of bringing est themselves in the work. Mrs. mation we may expect! in God's Kingdom on earth instead of Grace Morrison Poole, President As Mrs. Chen has said, "Some building a kingdom of our own fashion of the General Federation of . of us are paying the price for the for God. There is nothing to save any country except through those who fol- Women's Clubs, made a similar better days to come. The miracle low the truths of Christ's teaching. appeal over the Columbia Broad- will have to be performed by casting System. God."

[455 ]

FOLLOWING THE throughout the season, I received down, and she WM nearly fran- clothing from 26 different or- tic. We sent her to the Berry MIGRANTS ganizations and c h u r c h e s Growers Association, but unfor- throughout this State, as well as tunately, they could not do any- California Oregon, for use in the camps. thing. So off they went, and where are they now?" From the cotton fields, Miss "Layettes were in great de- Barnes reports: "Work was re- mand as well as baby quilts. *** opened for the fourth season in Forty-seven expectant mothers New Jersey the cotton camps of the Central were given baby clothes, and all San Joaquin Valley, California, but six or seven had nothing From Shell Pile, Miss Helen on November 1. The work was prepared. This year I received extended to include three of the a much larger supply of baby Hunter reports, "So many have camps in the Mendota District, things than before, yet, at the as well as two smaller camps in last I did not have sufficient to asked, 'What happened during the Firebaugh region, making a meet the needs." total of 18 camps visited reg- the flood?' and it is not possible ularly. The growers of the lat- *** ter camps knowing of the work to tell you all, so many things the previous years were glad to "There was the best of coopcooperate in the project. There eration this year among all happened. . were approximately 2,700 people agencies. The Welfare Departin these camps during the pick- ment and Health Department "It was a cold day in January ing season." were always willing to do their part. Local people worked hard that the waters began to cover *** in the relief work. Local doctors "Considerable relief work was and nurses offered to go to the the earth, at Shell Pile. A granddone in camps from January to camp twice a week. The doctor March. Because of the general charged only $1.00 for a call, father brought his little boy and economic depression, cotton was but if the people could not pay worth very little and the grower this, and I would recommend it, left him. 'Tide is high, children made practically nothing. Only there was no charge. This con- 40 cents per hundred pounds was tinued for about two months can't come today,' he said. The paid for picking. When the during most of the time when weather was good and picking there was considerable sickness, waters continued to rush in until steady, as was true through most and was a big help." of December, the people made cabins and cottages were surjust about enough to live. As *** soon as the rains started, what Arkansas rounded and the tide peak had little reserve some had been able to save was gone in a few days "These people were the Ozark reached the sills of many winand the majority of the people mountaineers, who had taken to had nothing to eat. A few had this wandering life years before. dows. profited by the experience of the We were out driving one evepast year, and had managed to ning, when we saw parked by the "The children at the center besave enough to buy three or four side of the road, a T. model Ford, sacks of flour during the sum- loaded with children and bed- came thirsty, we had to give mer and fall." ding, cots and old sacks. Beside the car stood a young woman, them milk to drink, the pumps *** cooking the supper of dandelion "There was such a demand for greens and salt pork. We stop- were hidden far beneath the shoes. Many children went to ped and talked with her. She school barefooted all winter, and had come from Alabama, and water's edge. About four o'clock some did not go to school because was looking for work, for she they had no shoes. There were was down to her last dime. All I left the center, 'toted' by one never enough shoes to go around. the plac~s where she had in- At Christmas time, as well as quired for work had turned her of the strong men with hip boots, to get provisions for the family of seven who had moved into the center. 'What is going to hap- pen to them tonight?' I won- dered. "The same people who called the Shell Pile migrants, 'murder- ers, thieves, cut throats,' came to their rescue first. Mothers with their babies were taken to a near-by town, and spent the night in homes, 'where colored folks had never been before.'''

*** Fifteen Church boards through the Council of Women for Home Missions have undertaken, with- out discrimination of race or creed, the task of reaching these children of migrant laborers.

-OHOSEN at the corner keeps a lookout for ing to the need of rural and in-

Evangelistic Oooperation police …… A crowd in front of dustrial evangelism; we who are a radio shop listens with tense working among students feel The Kingdom of God Move- eagerness to the report of a base- that this is the time for our ment in Japan has spurred on ball game in Tokyo's great mod- greatest effort. But our comthe churches of almost every de- ern stadium …… A boy on a bined numbers are pitifully nomination to carry 6n some bicycle passes, precariously bal- small in contrast to the magnikind of evangelistic campaign. ancing six bowls of noodles on tude of the task! Nothing but Statistics for 1931 show that his head and whistling the Uni- world-wide prayer and the outthere are 175,364 communicant versity of Main "Stein Song" pouring of the Spirit can save m e m b e r s in the Protestant …… A vivid theater poster Japan. churches, 80 per cent of whom acrosl? the way displays in the are members of five denomina- foreground the picture of a ton- WILLIS LAMOTT, Tokyo. tions. Eighteen thousand eight sured Catholic monk and in the hundred f i f t y communicants background the crucifixion of 26 Sixty Years' Record were added during the year, Japanese Christians in the 17th nearly 10 per cent of the whole. Century …… Another placard Sixty years ago the Methodist advertises with alluring boldness Church of Canada sent to Japan Mission to Immigrants America's weekly offering to her first foreign missionaries; Japanese film fans-a talkie Rev. George Cochran, D.D., of While as yet the Japanese called "Unfaithful" ….. Twelve Toronto, and Davidson Macdon- Church has undertaken no gen- taxis whirl by bearing a party ald, M.D. Two years later Rev. eral foreign missionary pro- of men and geisha girls into the G. M. Meacham, D.D., and Rev. gram, the burden for the evan- country for a carouse …… A C. S. Eby, D.D., arrived. Misgelization of the Japanese who row of cafes across the street are sionaries had been working in live abroad is felt keenly. Vari- slowly waking up and preparing Japan 14 years before this, but ous denominations are carrying to cater for another day to the the year 1873 marked a turning on such work in Japan, Korea, modern boys and girls who crave point in that feudalism was abol- Manchuria and among the Jap- American jazz and cocktails. ished and restrictions against anese of Formosa, Liu Chin Christianity removed. It is in- Islands and the Philippines. On every street corner today teresting to note that these Ca- Some time ago an interdenomi- we can see such panoramas of nadian missionaries were the national association was formed modern Japanese life. Effects of first from any mission to live with a view to sending more mis- the world-wide financial depres- among the people; that they sionaries to Japanese immi- sion can be seen on every hand; baptized more converts than all grants in other lands for they industry is at a standstill; farm- the missionaries of all denomiare also found in China, Hawaii ers are unable to pay their taxes; nations in the 14 years precedand Latin America. the number of the unemployed is ing, and that in the churches steadily mounting; poverty sui- they established many outstand- Modern Worship and Life cides are increasing; old forms ing leaders appeared, among of traditional m 0 r a lit yare them Bishop Hiraiwa and Hon. Early Sunday morning in a breaking down under the strain S. Ebara. Out of these early efsuburb of Tokyo an exquisitely forts a vigorous, self-governing gowned Japanese lady leaves her of modern life. In the hour of church has been created. limousine, climbs the steep steps despair many of the people are -United Church Record.

leading to a Shinto shrine, and turning to superstition, thou- International Medical Oenter kneeling in a secluded spot be- sands of the farmers and stu- Open hind the enormous money box, dents are listening to commu- prays to a mirror …… A shop nism; the newly organized anti- On June 4 was held formal keeper's wife near by ties a religion movement reports that opening of the first two units of bright red bib around the neck it is gaining converts every- the new St. Luke's International of a fat little stone god in a to- where. Japanese leaders admit Medical Center in Tokyo. The ken that her prayer for a baby that they have come to an im-. ceremonies were witnessed by has been granted …… A group passe-they can see no way out. leading Japanese officials, and of long-haired students stand be- But we know that there is a way representatives of the Protestant neath the toni handing out Com- – and only one Way – out. Episcopal Church in the United munist literature while a picket Christian workers are awaken- States included Bishop Perry [457 ]

and Dr. John W. Wood. The en- something for idle hands to do ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC tire project is now more than is true, and these young people half completed. There remain to giving their time and effort Thakombau's War Club be finished the administration about their Father's business, The war club of King Thaquarters, the out-patient depart- drive Satan hard in many a bat- kombau of the Fiji Islands was ment and the public health de- tle." Here is one evidence of presented to Queen Victoria in partment. These are at present how education and evangelism 1874 in commemoration of the housed in the wooden barracks may be united effectively. deed of cession, but was recently buildings, built after St. Luke's returned to the Fiji Governor by was destroyed by the earthquake Ewha College Takes Stock King George. and fire of 1923. The two units now completed The faculty and staff of Ewha Governor A. G. M. Fletcher College and Kindergarten-Nor- has now presented the war club are the Central In-Patient De- mal Training School recently to the Legislative Council to be partment, accommodating 275, spent a day in a revaluation of used as a ceremonial mace. and the College of Nursing with aims, a survey of achievements, room for 200 nurses. and the setting forth of methods New Church in Papua whereby new or unfulfilled aims -The Living Church. could be accomplished. New em- Scattered throughout the phasis was placed on the scien- Methodist district in Papua are Mission in Business tific and experimental approach 116 churches and 286 other to educational work; new impor- preaching places. The churches Do Christian principles hinder tance attached to developing are built entirely of native matesuccess in business? The Omi plans for health education, pre- rial, and owing to the ravages of mission is helping to prove the medical education, rural educa- white ants all buildings have to contrary. It is self-supporting in tion, and for practical education be entirely renewed every few large measure through its archi- years. At Nadi a splendid new tectural business, and more re- to relieve Korea's economic bur- church has just been dedicated. cently has developed the manu- dens in addition to the cultural The strength, symmetry and facture of mentholatum. Now a aspect of education, which has beauty of the building proved new factory has opened to make hitherto been stressed. It was that "nothing but the best for building hardware. Without any urged that each teacher make the House of God" had been the attempt to meet competition, but ideal of the builders. Over 200 with a light, airy factory, eight- himself an authority in his field ; people had to sit outside on the hour day, Sunday rest, and an that initiative and creative work opening day. Fifteen baptisms, attempt to produce hardware su- be stimulated among both teach- mostly adult, were performed. perior to that imported, good re- ers and students. The well sults are already being achieved. -Missionary Review of In fact, government architects rounded development of the stu- Australia.

dent was felt to be a compara- are already specifying O. S. C. tively unrealized aim of Ewha Baptisms in Dutch East Indies Hardware on the finest of their College. work, and satisfactory orders -Woman's Missionary Friend. The Christian and Missionary are increasing. -So S. Times. Alliance began work in the "Born-Again" Christians Dutch East Indies in 1929, but Student Evangelism no baptisms were made in that According to old Korean cus- year, nor in 1930. But in 1931, Dr. George S. McClure, Presi- tom a son is always welcome in 278 Dyaks and 30 Balinese were dent of Union Christian College the home and much coveted; but baptized, making a total of 308 of Korea, writes that this sum- baptisms in 1931. Last year, the mer "One hundred fifty college a daughter is a disappointment. total number of baptisms was Among non-Christians frequent- 958. Of these 734 were Dyaks of students and two hundred fifty ly daughters are not even named Borneo and 2'05 were converts in academy boys were organized and wives are discarded by hus- Bali. In all there have been 1574 for Summer Vacation Evangel- bands because they have not baptisms in this work in the istic Work. One evangelistic born a son to carryon the an- Dutch East Indies; almost all band went to the far North, one cestral worship. Now, thousands these until three years ago had to the far South and three bands of Christians have come to real- never heard the name of Christ; to the near-by provinces. They ize that Christ meant girls as indeed the name had not been were afire for God, well prepared well as boys when He said to His translated into their language. for preaching, teaching and for disciples, "Suffer the little chilsoul winning. The Holy Spirit's dren to come unto me." It is a -Annual Repotrt Dutch joy to missionaries to show that East Indies Mission power is real to them and they the daughters are valued equally are expecting great results. Islam in Lombok Daily Vacation Bible schools were held in 156 communities with the sons; womanhood and In the Moslem World, Rev. J. and they worked ernestly for the childhood among real "born- W. Brill gives some interesting transformation of these towns again" Christians have been facts about Islam in Lombok, and villages. Satan always has lifted to Christian standards. Dutch East Indies:

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Although a small island, Lombok Leadership, Physical Education Larger Parish Plan, stressing and Child Study, with Kinder- two elements: First, the cooperahas 600,000 Sasaks, all of whom are garten methods and practice; tion of lay representatives of Moslems. Approximately 600 make also a course in first aid and in- each of the churches in a Larger the pilgrimage to Mecca yearly. One fant care. Music instruction includes group call themselves "Tiga Waktoe," that is they pray three times daily in- sight reading, group singing, Parish Council, which would stead of five and do not make the sa- choir leadership and organ. The have as its responsibility all cred pilgrimage. They are perhaps Christian work in its district; school has been a hive of study, and second, the Workers' Counmore open to the Gospel than the oth- not all theoretical. Students are ers. also led out into the large labora- tory parish about Dumaguete for Most of the people are illiterate, cil, composed of employed work- actual work, the purpose being ers affiliated with the Larger perhaps one-fourth of the men can to specialize in applying the Gos- Parish, for work which can be read, and only a very few of the wom- done cooperatively. en. Their literature consists of the pel to the needs of backward -Congregationalist. communities. Koran in Malay Arabic script and a NORTH AMERICA few other books dealing with their -Philippine Presbyterian. Million Testaments Campaign religion. Only about one-tenth of the people know the reason for their many Moslem customs, and fewer yet can give any real explanation of their religion. Their teachers are Arabs, who often rebuke them for buying Scrip- Church Split in Philippines A "Back to the Bible" movetures in my presence, but still they ment is going forward from buy. I know of only one Sasak Chris- Manila newspapers indicate coast to coast among young peotian, and she is the wife of a Mena- that a split of some consequence ple of the United States and Candonese Christian. has taken place within the Meth- ada. More than 100,000 students Bibles in the Philippines odist Church in the Philippines. have agreed to read the Bible The American Bible Society Thirty-eight Filipino members daily, while many hundreds have last year paid off a debt of more and one American missionary made the further choice of acthan $5,000, and in spite of the withdrew from the recent ses- cepting Christ. A California consequent limitation of funds sion of the annual Conference pastor writes: "Weare greatly for promotional work, kept its and set up "The Methodist Epis- rejoiced over the results from sales of Bibles within 4 per cent, copal Church of the Philippine the Testament distribution. Of and of Testaments within 11 per Islands, Inc." It appears that the 49 cards returned to me so cent of the record for the previ- Bishop Herbert Welch who had far 25 are first acceptance of ous year. A Bible store on been sent from China to hold this Christ. That makes a trifle over wheels, containing also a vic- particular session of the Confer- 50% on the whole number. trola and microphone hook-up op- ence, felt constrained by a de- Eight came before the session erated by the truck motor, has cision of the denomination's last Sunday and were received broadcast programs of music General Conference at Atlantic into church membership." A and addresses, and advertised City a year ago to enforce a rul- Kentucky minister writes that the Scriptures to an aggregate ing which was displeasing to the response amounts to a revivof approximately 100,000 people many of the Filipino ministers. al. Another pastor sends this during the past year. The protesting Filipinos re- remarkable statement: "One in- The British and Foreign So-. garded the measure as dictatori- teresting thing, noticed by a ciety first worked in the Islands. al and their withdrawal fol- teacher, was that every Jewish The American Bible Society en- lowed. student requested one of the Tes- tered in 1898, arranged with the The Hawaiian Larger Parish taments." B. and F. for the entire field in The same enthusiasm is noted 1918, and has since carried on an On January 20 the Hawaiian in Canada. In high schools girls aggressive program of publica- Evangelical Association modified are meeting at noon and reading tion and distribution. The two its organization, so that instead aloud by turns.

societies have invested a total of of having its activities directed What's Wrong with Education $1,500,000 and circulated ap- by a number of coordinate secre- proximately 3,100,000 volumes. taries, each responsible for mis- Warden Lewis E. Lawes of -Christian Century. sionary activity among a par- Sing Sing, believes that our edu- Silliman Bible School ticular racial group, it now has cational system trains hand and one general secretary charged mind but not character; reduces This institution has forty stu- with the direction of all its en- illiteracy but creates a fertile dents, as compared with twenty- terprises. This reflects a change field for tab I 0 i d literature. six the previous year, recruited which has taken place in the so- Whereas the inmates of Sing from various districts of the cial and religious life of the is- Sing formerly were seldom grad- Philippines. In addition .to lands. A greatly enlarged use of uates of public schools, having courses in Old and New Testa- the English language by all races dropped out in the fourth and ment, Homiletics, Biblical, Sys- and the numerous Hawaiian- fifth grades, today the average tematic and Practical Theology, born children, offers new oppor- .prisoner boasts of a complete Religious Education and Church tunities for Christian effort. . Blementary school record. Even History, there have been courses The new organization looks to- the high schools are contributing in Church Finance, in Christian ward the emphasizing of the a constantly increasing ratio of

vicious offenders. Of new admis- New Social Problem of Dr. G. Bromley Oxnam, in- cludes in its program the followsions to Sing Sing, 19.5 per cent Added to their endeavor to im- ing units: in 1931, were high school gradu- prove conditions for migratory ates, while in the first four 1. General Clinic-manned by sixtymonths of 1932 the ratio rose to workers, the Council of Women five physicians and dentists, making 25.2 per cent. The youth of our for Home Missions faces an ad- possible a total of 24,461 services to day are more brazen, thinks ditional problem in caring for 5,462 individuals in a year's time, Warden Lawes, more vicious and homeless girls-girls who have making 3,765 laboratory tests, filling desperate than ever before in run away from home or are wan- 9,286 prescriptions and supplying 128 any civilized country. dering because they have no pairs of glasses. family ties or means of support. -Presbyterian Advance. Statistics of recent date show 2. Children's Department-serving over 500 individual children, up to Educational Program that on one night in March, nine years of age. 1933, over 12,000 homeless wom- 3. Community House–caring for The Southern Presbyterian en and girls applied for shelter 250 girls and women through club ac- tivities, craft work, music, dramatics, Board of National Missions has at various agencies in 800 Amer- art and carrying on community and family-night programs. in its program 102 schools, in- ican cities-fifteen per cent of 4. Boys' Club-with 1,000 members cluding 34 primary schools, 66 them were under twenty-one representing thirty national backhigh schools and junior colleges, years of age. It was further grounds and fifteen religions.

and 2 seminaries, with a total found that almost 2,000 women 5. Child Welfare Clinic-made pos- sible through the gift of an unknown enrolment of 19,289 students and were found among the 33,000 donor.

an educational budget of $846,- sleeping in "hobo camps," there- At a recent communion service there knelt at the same time at 652. The Board of Foreign Mis- by reaching the lowest level of the altar a representative of ev- ery race on the face of the globe. sions conducts 2,152 primary our social life. -Christian Advocate. schools, 126 middle schools, 7 The figures of the National Race Relations normal schools, 6 colleges, and Transient Committee reveal that The Federal Council's Race 12 Bible training schools. It also thousands of women, young and Relations Department has been active in combating the evils of cooperates in 19 universities. old, are learning to roam the interracial maladj ustment and promoting a constructive pro- These schools carry an enrol- country before they even learn gram of interracial understand- ing, justice and goodwill. ment of 110,389 and a budget of to work-and their report fur- Two of the most progressive $1,002,745.20, practically met by ther states that unless some ac- steps taken by the department were the promotion of study and local income. tion is taken, and taken prompt- discussion groups of white and Negro leaders for better under- The Board of Christian Edu- ly, many of the girls, fifteen or standing of race relations in in- dustry, and a study made of cercation has 53 colleges, including sixteen years of age, will become tain southern cotton-growing communities in Alabama, Ar- 6 junior colleges and 3 acad- habitual wanderers and charges kansas and Mississippi, as a ba- sis for constructive steps of betemies, with an enrolment of 23,- on communities far from their terment in those rural areas.- The far-reaching educational ef- 094, and a total graduate body homes. This creates a new social fects of Race Relations Sunday bring thousands of white and of 76,442. It includes 12 theo- problem to be dealt with. Negro people into friendly con- tact in many places through logical seminaries, with 741 stu- -Christian Advocate. mass meetings. Through the co- operation of sixteen local radio dents, and 51 university centers, A Mosque for Indiana stations and question-and-anenrolling 32:,000 Presbyterian swer periods over national hook- ups, the theme and messages of young people. The budget of the The fi r s t Mohammedan peaceable r ace relationship reached nation-wide audiences. Board of Christian Education mosque to be built in the United The activities of church women in removing superficial barriers, for 1932-1933 was $1,083,318.19. States will be built near Michi- and aid to talented Negro artists were some of the other accom- The total college operating budg- gan City, Indiana, by an Arabian plishments. Partly through the influence of the churches in et for 1930-1931 was $9,197,- society. London has its mosque; 794." there is one in Paris, but the first The deficit for the year just in the United States will be built ended was nearly $50,000 and in Indiana. There are about 350 the deficit carried over from two Moslems in Michigan City, about previous years, amounted to 12,000 in Detroit, and about 8,- $217,000, making a total deficit 000 in Chicago. The structure on March 31, 1933 of $267,- will be brick, one-storied and 016.13. For the year just ended will have two minarets and expenditures were red u c e d domes of Mohammedan style.

$263,000 as compared with the -Christian Century.

preceding year, and the budget "All Nations Foundation" approved for the year beginning April 1, 1933 is reduced about Fifty thousand people of for- $300,000 below the amount for ty-two nationalities live within last year. The total reduction in , the bounds of the All Nations two years is more than 50 per District, Los Angeles, Califor- cent, which means drastic cur-, nia. The Church of All Nations, tailment of service rendered. now known as the All Nations -Presbyterian Advance. Foundation under the leadership

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

arousing the public conscience George Van Bibber Shriver, who east and west, embracing West lynchings h a v e further de- will go to the South India diocese Virginia, southwestern Virginia, creased. Publication of material of Dornakal. eastern Kentucky, we s t ern on race contacts has spread au- North Carolina, eastern Tennesthoritative information. To fill vacancies in Brazil, see, northern Georgia, and Martin S. Firth and Roy Fues- northern Alabama. In this area Salvation Steamboat Sermon sle, young graduates of Virginia are clusters of isolated commu- Theological Seminary will help nities almost inaccessible to one David SaIlosalton was an In- to build up the work at Port another. Pittman Center actividian boy of British Columbia up- Alegre. -The Churchman. ties of the Methodist Home on whom nature had bestowed Board have enriched the life of the gift of eloquence. Jesus Shrinking Budgets twenty of these "pocketed" com- Christ became the inspiration munities in Tennessee, resulting for this gift, and although he By a process of cutting and in the establishment within the died at the age of 19 such was elimination the American Board past decade of six accredited his influence that his name holds has reduced expenditures in five high schools, with a total enrolan honored place in the records ways: (1) reducing the number ment of about 500. The state of missionary work on the Brit- of its fields through the gradual school program for grade school ish Columbia Coast. At a Chilli- withdrawal from Czechoslova- groups is also supplemented with wack campmeeting a number of kia, Micronesia, Bulgaria and religious training. Quoting Dr. white people present were im- Ceylon; (2) combining stations J. S. Burnett in the Christian pressed by the kneeling Indians, and institutions; (3) seeking a Advocate: and Sallosalton, thinking that larger measure of self-support, they were not sufficiently con- and asking five hospitals and one There is improvement in every cerned about their own spiritual school to take care of them- mountain community where home misstate, stood up and addressed selves; (4) reducing the cost of sionary work is being done: better them as follows = personnel through salary cuts homes and health, higher standards of averaging 12112 per cent, and the living and of morals; less or no moon- My dear white friends, you look at withdrawal of 100 missionaries; shining, more income. In another our Indian people here, you hear them (5) by cutting the already seri- Tennessee community work began less cry very much and you say, "What ously depleted "general work" than six years ago, with two women they make all that noise for? What budgets of the missions. in charge. At that time over one hunmake them feel so bad?" Well, I tell dred families were financially interyou, my dear people just heard about In a similar manner the M. E. ested in moonshining. From a Sunday Jesus now, and they all want to find Church, South, has reduced its school of twenty and an active church Him and love Him. You heard long mission budget by more than membership of six persons, we now time ago, some of you; you find Jesus $246,000, thereby balancing the have more than a hundred of the forlong time; you love Him. It all same budget unless further decline is mer and eighty of the latter. There as steamboat on this river. (The suffered. A special committee of is a two-year high school and all the camp was on the banks of the old bishops and others is still stUdy- grades, with three teachers. Our com- Fraser, and many had come by steam- ing the question, and will be pre- munity house is a social center. er.) When she going to start she pared this month to begin the whistle one whistle, then she whistle disheartening process of closing LATIN AMERICA another, and if you don't get your things very quick and run, she whistle Training Camp in Mexico last time, and she go off and leave you behind, and you very sorry because stations and calling home work- For three years Senor Ganzalo you too late. Now Jesus like that; He whistle, He call, He whistle, and ers. Baez Camargo, Director of Reliwhistle, and if you don't get on board Jesus' Salvation Ship you be too late. Hadley Rescue Hall Closed gious Education for the National I think some my people get on board Council of Evangelical Churches before some of you, because they are Hadley Rescue Hall, the fa- of Mexico, has held camps for not afraid to repent and come on mous Methodist Mission in the training leaders among young board. Now, my white friends, you Bowery, has yielded to the de- people, selected from schools, hurry up, have all your things packed pression and closed its doors, churches and young people's orup, be quick and get on board or you which was first opened at 295 ganizations. One camp is for be too late. I think some of this poor Bowery in 1904 as Wesley Res- Indian people go into heaven and you cue Hall. John Callahan and his boys, another for girls, each lastleft out. Oh, come on board quick, wife brought human sympathy ing one week. This year a third come on board, come to Jesus now! and divine love to the physical camp was held for fathers and This a very good ship, room for all and spiritual salvation of hun- sons. A ranch owner who is not you people, and Indian people, too, dreds of despairing men. Mr. black and white; come now, all come. Callahan continues to exercise a Protestant, but a sympathizer his helpful ministry as Protes- and friend of Mr. Camargo, has -United Church Record. tant chaplain of the City Prison given the land and a little house to be used for the camp each Forward Steps year. Supplies are furnished Two forward steps have been -the Tombs. from this ranch. taken by the Episcopal Church: its first missionary to India was ICPocketed Americans" The general theme this year appointed and two new men . was "Jesus As the Teacher of were appointed for Brazil. The India appointee is the Rev. America's Southern High- Joyous Living." A course in lands cover an area 600 miles Camp Organization was given, to north and south by 200 miles fit young people to be leaders in

other such camps, for it is Mr. The Araucanos of Chile lishment of the church, the secu- Camargo's hope to have them all larization of cemeteries and of over Mexico. The Araucanos, warlike abo- education, and the laws restrict- riginal tribe riever wholly sub- ing the activities and property -Presbyterian Survey. dued by Spain, have their home of the religious orders show that in southern Chile. In 1895 the the Roman Church is in disre- For Lepers in Mexico Araucanian Mission was founded pute. Protestantism has thus an by the South American Mission- open door in a sense in which A school for lepers and a ary Society. Its development such a thing never existed in prophylaxis station were started has been along medical, educa- Spain, but there is not as yet any in J aurez, Chihuahua, recently tional and evangelistic lines. pronounced activity among Protby Dr. Victor Ocampo Alonso, About twenty years ago outsta- estant forces, partly because it representative of the Mexican tions, under native workers, is hard to realize that the door department of health. The school were undertaken in a humble is really open, and partly because will teach those afflicted with the way, the aim being to keep in of a vast indifference to any redisease how to prevent infecting touch with those who professed ligion in modern Spain. There others. Christ during residence at board- is also present a very fiery com- ing school. These have Sunday munism at work on Soviet lines, During May six Mexican Schools and regular services. enthusiasm for class war, and a lepers were deported from the Within ten years the number has violent hatred of God and reli- United States to the colony in greatly increased. Central sta- gion as symbols of the old re- Jaurez. Dr. Francisco Espinosa tions hold periodic conferences, gime. Protestant missionary is secretary of the commission, attended by 100 to 150. There work in Spain suffers from this and Dr. Daniel Quiroz Reyes and is also a Young People's Confer- movement, to which Romanism Jesus Cuaron are members. ence on the order of a summer and Protestantism seem but dif- camp and conducted with the ad- ferent brands of the same hated Work in Jamaica vice and cooperation of the despotism, and of the same "opi- missionaries. Of more recent ate" for the poor and depressed. The Christian and Missionary growth is the Teachers' Confer- However, the numbers in attend- Alliance work in Jamaica, Brit- ence, its object strictly utili- ance at Protestant services are ish West Indies, dates from 1897, tarian, to provide a short course actually increasing: hardly a when a mission work located in of instruction for the benefit of month passes without new com- Devon was transferred to this rural teachers. municant members being re- Society. For several years past ported from one congregation or there has been but one mission- These Araucanians are not in- another. -J. E. DAVEY, D.D. ary assigned from this country, tellectually brilliant nor gifted a retired English Judge sharing orators, but quietly exhort their Portugal's Possibilities with him in the chairmanship of hearers to accept Christ. One the field. The past year has been of the most faithful, addressing Forty-six millions of the one of outstanding blessing in a conference, closed his discus- world's population speak Porturevival throughout the field. sion in these words: "The fact guese. This is the language of There were 152' converts bap- of the Bible is God; the fact of Brazil, whose size is so immense tized, and there are now 652 God is Jesus Christ, and the su- that if industrialized she could members in the six organized preme fact of Jesus Christ is the accommodate all the inhabitants churches. The field entirely sus- Cross." -Church Overseas. of the world. But Portugal, tained itself, and in addition is whose influence extends to South contributing to the support of EUROPE America and to large tracts of foreign missionary work in other Africa, is worse off for evangel- Alliance fields. United Methodist Statistics ism than her African territories. Only ten per cent of the 400 -Alliance Weekly. The Methodist Church in Eng- cities and towns of Portugal land has issued its first statistics have regular preaching and only Baptist Work in West Indies of membership since all English one per cent of its six thousand Methodists un it e d last year. villages and hamlets is in this Baptist work in the West There are 835,266 full church way reached with the Gospel. Indies comprises a grammar members, nearly 200,000 Sunday There is only one full-time or school and high school in Cuba; scholars. Local preachers num- part-time worker to each 70,000 a theological seminary and ber 32,000 and class leaders 33,- of the pDpulation, and it is a cenacademy in Puerto Rico; four- 000. There are 1,229 local tury since there was an evangelteen churches, sixteen chapels women preachers. These figures ical revival in Portugal. Six and sixty-five outstations in reveal a church with vast re- million people live in Portugal Haiti; forty-nine churches and sources, splendidly organized, and there are 100 evangelical ninety-two outstations in Puerto yet preserving a family feeling. workers. Angola, West Africa, Rico; fifty-five churches and has a population of 4,000,000, sixty-five outstations in Cuba. A The Situation in Spain with 250 missionaries. In Portutotal of 356 preaching points for gal there are five thousand Sunthe three islands report 9,285 Roman Catholicism is not members and 936 baptisms. dead in Spain, but the disestab- -Watchman-Examiner.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

day school scholars, but there are Fellowship, is doing a real pio- T h r e e common convictions thirteen thousand in Angola and neer work among the Pomaks. were agreed upon at the Buten thousand in Mozambique. He is a sort of "jack of all charest Conference: – World Dominion. trades" and proves himself very 1. There must be a new social order. welcome among these simple Appeal for Religious Peace folk. His method is a simple The test of the validity of the respec- one: he is their friend, a helper tive world views will be the effective- Orders have been issued that to all in their trade, teaches them ness of the establishment of a world all German churches must dis- to read about God (Allah) as re- society which eliminates injustices, inplay the Nazi emblem and the vealed in Genesis, a counselor on equalities of opportunity, and underevived flag of monarchist Ger- their home life, social life and served suffering of the present order. many at their Sunday services, eternal life. He is one of them, and that prayers must include and in many respects like them. 2. The new social order requires of words of gratitude "for the Gov- its advocates world-wide understandernment's great work in reor- His field comprises about ten vil- ing, cooperation and unity of purpose. ganizing the Pro t est ant lages. Church." This order was accom- 3. The method of realizing the goal panied by threats of prosecution There is legal freedom for will be through capturing and enlist- Christian work in Bulgaria. ing youth in the new program.

-Congregationalist.

Religious Interest in Russia for all clergymen who criticize Albania and American Schools Dr. Julius Hecker, a professor state measures from the pulpit under the Soviet Education De- or otherwise in public. In spite Until a few months ago for- partment in Moscow, has been n of a protest by von Bodel- eigners were allowed to conduct lecturing in England, and has schwingh, coupled with an ap- t e c h i c a I and agricultural been telling something of what peal to the commissioner that schools in Albania, and Roman is happening to religion in Rusthese orders be rescinded, the Catholic Albanians maintained sia. Dr. Hecker says that alpress reports that thousands of their own schools. A bill passed though about 15 per cent of the churches throughout Germany on April 11 made the education churches in Russia are closeddisplayed the Swastika flag on of Albanian nationals a state chiefly because they cannot sup- Sunday and that an "Episcopal" right. An exception was pro- port themselves – he believes statement was read condemning vided for seminaries preparing that about the same proportion acts of opposition to the Govern- the clergy, on condition, howev- of the popUlation attends church ment pending the formulation of er, that they abstain from anti- in Russia today as in England. the new "constitution for the Albanian propaganda. As a re- The younger generation are Protestant Church of the whole sult, all private schools are to be showing interest in religion; they are seeking something reich." closed. President Von Hindenburg Religion is put to one side in which will meet the needs of life, has sent the following appeal to the effort to unify the nation not being satisfied with the neg- which includes 615,000 Moslems, ative aspect of the anti-religious Hitler: The differences which have devel- 200,000 Greek Orthodox, and movement. He reports that the only actually repressive methods oped between the Prussian Govern- 100,000 Rom a n Catholics. now being used are those which ment and the Evangelical churches Among the schools closed is that make it hard for a congregation fill me, as an Evangelical Christian of the Albanian Evangelical Mis- of workmen to maintain a and as Reich's chief, with grave con- sion, conducted for many years church. Churches may not own cern. The Evangelical churches are property, nor receive endow- ments or bequests, nor make inprofoundly anxious concerning the by the Rev. and Mrs. Phinneas vestments, but they must pay Church's inner liberty. This situation, if allowed to continue or aggravate, B. Kennedy, of Kortcha, the only land rent and the cost of heating must cause the most grave prejudice school where the Bible was to our nation and fatherland. Before taught.

God and my conscience, I feel obliged Youth in the Near East to do all possible to obviate such an Bishops, priests, theological and maintaining their buildings. outcome. I trust your statesmanlike professors, and representatives Dr. Hecker thinks the people vision will find a way to restore peace from the Y. M. C. A. of Greece, may yet react against secularism to the Church and the Government. Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and Rou- and find again refuge in the mania, met in conference with Church. -Christian Century. -The Christian World. Moslem Work in Bulgaria About 500,000 Turks are Dr. John R. Mott in Bucharest, Beyond ;the Arctic Circle grouped in northern and south- May 19-22. The object of this ern Bulgaria, nearly 120,000 meeting was to find ways in Rev. J. A. Ohrn, Baptist work- Pomaks in the southern part and which the orthodox churches and er in Norway, writes: "We have 135,000 Mohammedan gypsies the Y. M. C. A. can more directly twelve churches north of the live in the cities and towns. Ger- and adequately meet the needs Arctic circle, some of them being man missionaries have several of youth. In preparation for this located on islands. There have small preaching stations among Conference Dr. Mott held ex- . been 152 baptisms there. We re- these people. Pastor Constan- tended conferences with ecclesi- port additions up to the number tine Murvakoff, supported there astical authorities throughout 984 for the past year. The work by the American and European the Near East. for the deep sea fishermen is the

most northern work in this coun- lives have been lost when at- sweeping houses and burning try, on the border line between Finland and Russia." tempting to cross, so that the na- rubbish, a custom which is being -Watchman-Examiner. tive administration has built a taken up by progressive house- AFRICA $50,000 bridge across it and the wives to the great discomfort of A Challenge from Egypt village of Izam has been moved cockroaches, flies, rats and mice.

In 1854, Mr. Thomas McCague to the bridge. With unconcern The African responds to this and his bride arrived in Alexandria, Egypt, to begin their for cost the Public Works De- way of presenting the idea of missionary life work. A group of five young Germans, under partment built houses for the la- cleanliness when scientific arguthe C. M. S., had preceded them in 1825, but finding Egypt a borers during their nine months' ment might leave him cold. A hard field had left without making an impression. About the stay. The District Superintend- series of articles describes propyear 1750 some Moravian missionaries, although b ear i n g ent of the Sudan Interior Mis- er diet in terms of "food clans." faithful testimony, had finally given up. There were therefore sion sees this village as a strate- There is advice about "good medno friendly converts to welcome the McCagues,in 1854, but today, gic evangelistic center and the icine" for gardens as well as for as a result of their persistent be- officials, in sympathy with the people, about the care of chilginning, there is in Egypt a liv- mission, offer these buildings as dren, about modern agricultural ing, growing Evangelical Church a Mission Compound for £50. methods, which provide one of of over 20,000 members, in 136 organized congregations and 180 For about £40 additional they the great tools for fighting famunorganized meeting pia c e s; having 115 ordained ministers, can be put in excellent order. ine : and there are pictures and beside 25 unordained preachers, who are helped in their work by This is less than half the usual paragraphs on geography which 76 Bible women and 61 lay evangelists. There is a system of 213 cost of mission buildings. It is introduce the world outside the church and mission schools run earnestly hoped that this oppor- narrow forest trails and clearcooperatively, having 912 teachers and 18,935 pupils, including tunity can be seized. ings. -Southern Workman. 3,42'3 Moslem boys and girls, all -Evangelical Christian. of whom are given the Gospel Centenary of Missions daily. It is an indigenous, self- One Church's Problem supporting, self-propagating, in- The Paris Evangelical Misdependent church. The membership is composed of men and A Baptist missionary, L. A. ,sionary Society celebrated durwomen with high ideals of life and service. The first part of the Brown of Vanga, Belgian Congo, ing the months of April and plan made by those early missionaries is already an accom- asks what a church of 250 mem- May, 1933, the centenary of the plished fact. There is in Egypt today an enlightened, Bible-lov- bers would do with 123 converts founding of its work in Basutoing C h u r c h prepared and equipped for the service of evan- on its hands. He adds that the land, Africa. The society was gelizing the land. They are scattered up and down the Nile from difficulty is increased because the formed in 1822, due largely to Alexandria to Assuan, with a good congregation in nearly ev- 250 members of this church live the efforts of a British naval ofery important center. in 50 different villages, and is an ficer, Robert Haldane, who upon Izam Calling outpost church. Large groups his retirement from the service In the hinterland of Nigeria live a densely ignorant tribe of native folk are coming for ex- carried on evangelistic work called Gbari, without church, school, hospital or any ray of amination before baptism. among French Protestants in light. Their river Gurara is such a tempestuous stream that many – Watchman-Examiner. France and Switzerland. Eleven years later missionary work was Interesting New Periodical begun in Basutoland at the re- Listen is a curious little peri- quest of a native chief who asked odical, published by the Interna- the Governor of Cape Colony to tional Committee on Christian send a missionary to his people. Literature for Africa to provide The missionaries on the field in- clude not only French, but Brit- simple material which can be ish, Swiss, Italian, German and easily translated into the various Alsatian workers. native tongues, and used in pa- pers issued by the different mis- -Alliance Weekly.

sions. Matters of health and A Clever Reply sanitation, methods of agricul- ture, information about trade They were studying St. Mark's and products are set forth in its account of Herod and the daugh- pages, as well as bits of religious ter of Herodias, in an African teaching. An effort is made to schoo1. "And he sware unto include something about inter- her," the teacher read, "Whatso- esting activities of Negroes in ever thou shalt ask of me, I will America, as such news is always give it thee, unto the half of my welcome in African missions. kingdom. Now you," she said, The matter must be simple and to a sixteen-year-old African entertaining. It must begin with boy, "you may very likely be a their own limited outlook and chief some day. What would you lead to an understanding of their have done if you had made that own world. There is, for exam- promise and she had asked you ple, a fable of two cockroaches for the head of St. John the Bap- who discuss the new method of tist ?"

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

"I should have told her," the its membership has built a large of Turkish women as told by the young African a n s we red frame with five boxes, each la- London Times: promptly, "that St. John's head did not lie in that half of my belled to receive the proper ar- The decision to employ women in kingdom which I had promised ticle; also a small table with the Turkish police force follows closeher." ly the appearance of women as bar- shelves for eggs and small ar- risters in the courts and the appoint- -Protestant Episcopal Bul- ticles. Great is the consternation ment of women as judges to the bench. letin. of the congregation when an old As soon as the Turkish Republic was lady tips flour into the corn box, firmly established polygamy and the Church Union or puts a chicken in with the veil were abolished, and marriage and The Presbyterian and Congre- money. At the annual harvest gational Churches of South Af- divorce laws based on those of the rica are again considering union. offering no regular receptacles most highly civilized countries were There is little material difference are large enough; all available in the doctrine or government of adopted. Hence-forward, too, girls these churches; both are com- were required to follow a proper paratively small. In some centers they are maintaining sep- missionaries' bath tubs are bor- course of education, for which priarate causes, and it is thought mary and secondary schools were that both would gain immensely rowed, and heaped high with opened throughout the country. Tofrom a union of forces. It is cal- food. day women are admitted to the uniculated that in the United Church there would be approxi- Churches are built by volun- versities on an equal footing with men, mately 113 European congregations with 20,000 members and tary labor. Almost the only cash and are eligible for practically all the with these would be associated professions. They vote at municipal forty-one colored congregations contributions are made by those elections, and it is expected that the with 18,000 members, and forty Parliamentary franchise will shortly native congregations with 12,000 at work for Europeans. be extended to them. They mingle members, making a total of 194 -C. M. S. Outlook. charges with 50,000 members. The conference of delegates is WESTERN ASIA freely with men in the streets, in ressubmitting unanimous proposals to the assemblies of these two taurants, dancing halls and cinemas; churches and it is expected that authority will be given to draft many work in shops and offices. Turka basis for union. Christian Converts in Turkey ish women now marry into their own -South African Outlook. class according to their choice, and The following incident seems divorce is becoming the exception African's Method of Giving to indicate that the Turkish Gov- rather than the rule. Family life is The vast majority of Africans ernment really purposes to en- growing up and exercising an indo not handle much more money creasingly important influence on the than their annual tax and a few force religious liberty. shillings for clothes. The gifts character and minds of the rising gento the church therefore are In a large provincial city durvaried. They bring food, that is ing 1932, some fifteen or eight- eration. In the county districts, howcorn, flour, vegetables or eggs. ever, the old system of marriage and Others bring firewood, and those een .Moslem men and women, the old attitude towards women are better off bring a chicken, goat, dying more slowly. The peasant is a sheep, or on special occasions, an practically all adults, were re- conservative, and feels very strongly ox. In some places is observed ported to the authorities as hav- that a woman who has ideas of her the custom of setting aside an ing deserted their Moslem faith. own, even when married, will not extra handful as the day's sup- They were called to the Govern- gladly labor all day in the fields at his ply is measured. At some stations the church has its garden ment, their testimony was taken, command, and walk to the scene of in which members work and the her labor, While he, as a man should, produce is sold for the work. and practically all of them rides on a donkey. The collection plate is unknown. frankly asserted their Christian It would require a sturdy set of men to carry some of the things faith. For some weeks they were Turkish Press Changing contributed; besides, the Afri- troubled by repeated summons can enjoys coming up in line to to the police, by investigations The changing attitude of the deposit his offering. One church and threats. A group of three of Turkish Press is a significant which had a few carpenters in them, all young men, traveled to phase of the missionary situa- Angora and officially petitioned tion in the Balkans. All except the Ministry of the Interior, set- two of Bulgaria's Turkish news- ting forth their difficulties and papers are breaking away from the illegal treatment meted out the former policy and ideals of to them by the local government- Islam. Some are even protesting al authorities. It is religiously against certain Koranic usages significant that the Department as a hindrance to progress. The of the Interior stated that such following extract from the Voice persecutions because of religious of the People, printed in Sofia, opinion could not take place in is illuminating: Republican Turkey, and orders Lately we have observed that the pulpits of the mosques from which were sent from the Capital to the religion and morals should be city in question which complete- preached have been trans(ormed into ly put a stop to official and gov- political platforms; Moslems who be- lieve in God and in Mohammed, His ernmental persecution of these prophet, have been called heathen be- cause they wear hats. A Moslem may converts. wear a fez or a hat, these being sim- -News Bulletin, Near East ply external things and of no reli- Christian Council. . gious significance. Moreover, certain Rapid Strides for Women hodja,s have been giving themselves airs on the score of covering their Here are some of the most re- heads with a turban, though they pur- cent stages in the emancipation sue their own selfish and sordid inter-

ests, even seIJing indulgences like the INDIA AND BURMA ing towards the establishment of Jesuits of the Middle Ages. Lacking Mixing Religions the Kingdom of God among men. even elementary intelligence, we have Periodical meetings will be held heard them say that those who think that all men-Moslems or non-Mos- Many in India feel that the at which the prominent feature lems–are brothers, thereby prove of the proceedings will be a themselves to be the greatest of sin- authors of "Re-Thinking Misners. The Turks of Bulgaria feel that sions" have not expressed them- study of Jesus in relation to our such nonsense preached in their selves with clarity when they say mosques is an affront. (on page 44) that "he (the environment and to the prob- Christian) will look forward -Moslem World. lems of personal and corporate …… to the continued co-exist- life. A common meal or preethi bhojan will be arranged when- Hebrew Christian Colony ence of these (non-Christian) ever possible. To further the ob- religions with Christianity, each jects of the Fellowship, public Five hundred acres of ground stimulating the other in growth meetings will be conducted on have been secured in Palestine, toward the ultimate goal, unity subjects relating to Jesus and on the road from Gaza to Beer- in the completest religious the problems of personal and sheba, for the purpose of estab- truth." corporate life and tracts will be lishing a colony of Hebrew published on related subjects. Christians, under the auspices of No better answer need be giv- The Convener is Mr. O. Kandasthe International Hebrew Chris- en than is given by that Indian wami Chetty, 264 Thambhu tian Alliance. Sir Leon Levison, Chetty Street, Madras. who purchased the land for the Christian member of the Serv- Alliance, states that as soon as ants of India Society, Mr. S. P. Raising Standards legal formalities are completed steps will be taken to fence in the Andrews Dube, a member of the A Presbyterian missionary in land, secure an adequate water editorial board of The Indian Fatehgarh, North India, thinks supply, and erect houses. The Witness, who writes: one of the most difficult of all tasks is to christianize the social chief value of the settlement is If a Christian is convinced that J e- customs of a people, and that the fact that a Hebrew-Christian sus Christ is the best he has, he will success lies more in substitution Church will be established in the be untrue to himself if he does not than in opposition. midst of the Jewish National present Him to those round about Home, and it is believed that the him, or if in any way he compromises. "One of the things we have Him with others, however eminent. If particularly been trying to do," any missionary or Christian looks for- ward to continued coexistence of other religions with Christianity, he is merely offering the Christian skeleton witness of such a church-the with the nerve center, the heart, gone she writes, "is to fully christianfirst of the kind in Palestine out of it. ize the wedding festivities, weedsince the days of the apostles- The best antidote to communal ing out things which would seem will be potent throughout Jewry. bitterness is ';speaking the truth to root in idoltary or which be- One of the first appointments in love." This will also avoid the tray low standards of morality. will be a Hebrew Christian min- dangers of two popular religious In the Hindu wedding, the brideister as pastor of the church and fallacies, one that "all religions groom's party is expected to are the same" and the other that bring with it some sort of enterdirector of education. "any religion is better than no tainment, and the usual wedding -Alliance Weekly. religion at all." entertainment among Hindus in Devil Worshippers in Iraq -Dnyanodaya. this part of India is a nautch or dancing party, which performs Some one has discove;ed a pe- Fellowship of the Followers culiar sect in Iraq whose adher- of Jesus all sorts of immoral dances. This winter we have experimented ents are known as Yezidis, or A new movement has been with religious dramas for some devil worshippers. They live started in South India to unite of our Christian wedding parties near Mosul, and number about all who seek to follow Jesus where otherwise social pressure 36,000. Shaitan, or Satan, is Christ. The members of the Fel- would have been strong for considered by them to be the low s hip earnestly endeavor, dancing. I took a drama party to supernatural being who rules the whatever their communal affilia- one wedding where they pre- tions may be, to live up to the sented a dramatization of 'The earth with the approval of God. standards, principles and ideals Prodigal Son.' We fixed up a As the Supreme Being is too re- of Jesus, and seek to understand stage with some curtains and our mote for direct worship, prayer His personality. The objects of group of amateur actors did and sacrifices are offered to Shai- the Fellowship are to promote themselves proud with their tan. Their ceremonies include unity and fellowship among the work. A group of about fifty the worship of the peacock angel, high-caste Hindus and some Mothe bronze figure of a peacock members on the basis of their representing the devil. In this common attachment to Jesus; to hammedans, sat through to the encourage a corporate as well as very end of the performance, they visualize Satan who is for a personal life of communion and all agreed that it was much them, not the spirit of evil, but with God as revealed by Jesus; more interesting than the imthe spirit of power. and to cultivate active coopera- moral dancing shows of the -Alliance Weekly. tion with every movement tend- past."

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Evangelist Mechanics in Poona. First one member of Siam until we recrossed it. This trip I had my victrola and it is certainly The India Industrial Mission, the family and then another a marvel to the people. They fairly Cossipore, Calcutta, was organ- spent some time in the hospital go wild over some of the records esized by Edwin Lawrence, one as in-patients and it so happened pecially those in the Lao language. time an engineer in the firm of that both times we had the same But the victrola is forgotten when we Jessop and Company, of Calcut- Indian nurse attending us. She begin to present the Gospel message. ta. After his conversion in Cal- seemed different from the oth- The older people crowd the children cutta, he felt called of the Lord ers. She was extraordinarily out of their place of privilege in the to devote his engineering abili- alert, sympathetic and helpful, front seats (on the ground) so as to ties to the training of Indian and always seemed to enjoy her be able to catch every word. At night Christians as manual workers. work, as you could see from her below me on the ground were 100 This led to the further step of face and manner. She was never heathen men repeating over to one combining manual work with tired, never unready to do some another the story of the Cross and the evangelistic work after the fash- little thing we wanted. One day way of salvation as they had heard it ion of the tentmaker of Tarsus. we asked her about herself and during the evening. So long as we He believes that India can be she said, 'I am a Christian, but stay, begging for copies of the Gospel won to Christ by evangelists as this is a government hospital continues. The official of one district, earning their living as workmen. I cannot say anything to the pa- after the day's stock was exhausted, In 1925 he obtained the use of begged so insistently for a copy of the Church Missionary Society tients about it.' When we saw Scripture to study it for himself and divinity school at Cossipore, then that girl, it made us want to be take back to teach the people of his closed. Twenty young men have Christians ourselves." district, that he got a copy out of the supply of twenty-six reserved for the . -The Mission Field. six centers still to be visited.

CHINA now passed through this mission Kachin Enterprise in Burma Student Attitude into the world, and are earning an average of ninety rupees a The Kachin churches of the Orrin Magill, of the Y. M. C. month. Twenty-four are in Bhamo district have developed a A. staff, writes that the student training. The excellence of their very laudable spirit of independ- attitude since Manchuria was atwork is recognized. Special em- ence. Since Christmas, they tacked has run a course somephasis is laid on Bible teaching have dedicated no less than six thing like the following: (1) and evangelistic training. The churches. These houses of wor- Hot indignation followed by an mission is more than self-sup- ship were planned, built and active campaign to influence poporting, all the profits going to- paid for without ever consulting litical leaders. (2) Pent-up reward Gospel work. the missionary in charge of the sentment at the inaction of Chi- field. The foundations, instead nese leadership, and restless -So S. Times. of being placed on the ground, bafflement because there seemed were placed on stone pillars, out no way open for students to af- Salvation Army Jubilee of reach of the white ants. fect the situation. (3) Apathy Sheets of iron six feet long were and inactivity. At the first Jap- The Salvation Army last fall carried by the men from the anese threat to Peiping the macelebrated their jubilee in India, foothills up the mountainside, jority of the students fled. They and General Higgins went from from ten to twenty miles. As re- were severely criticized through London to take part. He reports sult of this united action on the the press. The minority which that the Army is becoming more part of the villages, no American remained showed great courage. and more a part of the life of money has been required for (4) Readiness to serve the coun- India. The greatest opportuni- these permanent houses of wor- try as opportunity offers. The ties lie in the villages and among ship. These men and women Ministry of Education has rethe depressed classes. He pre- take pride in working under the ceived telegrams saying, "You dicts that in another twenty direction of their own people, have criticized our actions in the years barriers of caste will pre- and not as employees of the for- past; please tell us what to do." sent little difficulty. Work done eigners. -Burman News. The tendency among thinking for the criminal tribes alone baffles description. Thousands of men and women who were Among the Tai in Siam students is to set aside any hope looked upon by all as hopelessly of bringing about a solution Rev. Hugh Taylor, Presbyteri- through political change. The criminal have been remade." -Record of Christian Work. an missionary in Nan, made a only way out is to set to work to two and a half months' trip b r i n gab 0 u t fundamental A "Living Epistle" among the Tai people along the changes in the present order A family of Hindus came re- Cambodia River, accompanIed which produces such an impocently to a pastor in Poona and by four Bible Society colporteurs tent leadership. asked to be prepared for bap- and the evangelists from Nan. tism. They were asked why they He writes: A Chinese Educator's Aim wished to be Christians and re- I doubt if in any of the annals of Ching-Jen Lin, president of plied: "Well, what really made missionary work there has been re- Fukien Christian University, up our minds was an experience corded a more eager, earnest recep- writes: "We in Fukien believe we had in a government hospital tion of the Word of God than we have had since we crossed the border of that character is the key to

China's regeneration, and that "Search your barrow," he ad- for Scotland. In New Zealand, character-building should be the vised. They did so and at first by the end of 1930, a total of central task of educational insti- found nothing missing, then no- 6,888 Bibles had been placed in tutions of any kind and grade. ticed that a hole was worn in one hotel rooms. Practically the A Christian college must main- corner of the basket. Investi- whole of the Dominion has now tain the highest standard of gating, they declared that their been gone over. Captain Swinescholarship. Its graduates must money bag was gone. The de- heart, working for the Gideons be reasonably intelligent and ca- scription tallied exactly, so he in Korea, has placed 1,500 Bibles pable of making certain definite handed over his find. Surprised, in Korean hotels together with contributions to society. But the they exclaimed, "You must be- 300 Japanese Bibles in Japanese present-day China calls for more long to some religion." He an- hotels in Korea. As these hotels than this: it needs men of clear swered, "I do, I am a Christian." are generally without tables a vision and enduring courage, "It must certainly be a good re- wooden holder to attach to the with utter devotion to unselfish ligion," they said, "we would like wall is supplied with each Bible. service to their fellow men. How to belong." In Bombay and its neighborhood can personalities with these eighteen hotels have been "Bitraits of character be built? We Crusade Against Slavery bled" with 327 copies, and, at the dare not say that we have the expense of the Gideons, 1,163 Bifinal answer, but we have been Under the able leadership of bles in English, Dutch and Chimaking definite attempts along the Hsu Ch'un-ts'au, a group of nese have been placed in the that general line. Judging by the public-spirited Chinese in Amoy guest rooms of hotels in Java, lives of some of our graduates are carrying on a fearless cru- Borneo, Singapore, Kuala Lumand students we have reason to sade against the ancient evil of pur and Penang. think that we should carryon girl slavery. further the task which we have Product of a Christian School set for ourselves in the past. The Beginning in 1930 a little experience of last year gives fur- group of crusaders has grown Bible classes and their associther encouragement. By God's into an organization of 39 ations have brought many intelgrace may we be able to dis- officers and 3,000 members, will- ligent and influential young men charge the chief mission of ing to take a vow never to use or into the way of faith. One of Christian higher education in the countenance the sale of slave which the Christian Church may upbuilding of a new China in girls, and to try to rescue slaves feel proud is Mr. Shintaro Fuspite of present financial difficul- who are especially abused. They kushima, who is now a member ties and certain other material will endeavor to cleanse society of the Staff of the Embassy of handicaps." How many Amer- of this custom of holding house- Japan at Washington. Here is ican college presidents c 0 u 1d hold slaves; they will hold them- his own account of his converoffer an equally convincing state- selves guilty of faithlessness and sion to Christianity. ment of their aim? be willing to receive a severe censure if they disregard these The three years spent in the college -The Congregationalist. vows. dormitory were the turning point of my life. I thought about the life and A Test of Christianity Since the establishment of the society of mankind and sought for Rescue Home, two and a half something mightier than human pow- An aged Christian of Tsining years ago, eighty-seven slave er. I felt a power, superhuman and was plodding home from market. girls, varying in age from six or supernatural, covering this earthly Suddenly, in the dust of the road seven to over twenty years, have world, yet I could not realize what it before him, he saw a leather found their way to freedom and is, and the general tendency of my money wallet. He picked it up the protection of the Crusaders. sentiment was pessimistic and melan- Eighteen have been honorably choly. Now and again I noted the eleand examined its contents – married. If a girl is eighteen or ment of pain in things and incidents nearly two dollars, Chi n e s e twenty when she enters the and the thought of the concentrated money, equivalent to the earn- Home, she is kept there only sorrow of the world seemed suddenly ings of a workman for five days. seven or eight months, during to lie heavily upon me. I found solace In the distance he made out two which time she is taught to read, in reading books and in talking with men with a barrow, evidently re- and given Christian teaching. friends concerning this problem ….. . turning from the market town. I recognized that I could not wipe out They had passed over this road -Christian Intelligencer. the religious tendency in all my but were now in a road in an- thinking; indeed, my thinking and other direction from his home. MISCELLANEOUS speaking were always from the reli- He started to run after them,· gious standpoint. After three years and when within hailing dis- The Gideon Idea Spreads of collelre life I entered the law departtance called them to stop, but ment of the Tokyo Imperial Univertheir only answer was to quicken In 1928, the Scottish Com- sity. Here I was suddenly brought their pace. When he finally over- mercial Travelers' C h r i s t ian into a real chaos of thought; materialtook them he asked if they had Union placed some 3,000 Bibles, istic, sociological, philosophical, etc. lost anything. They said, "No." especially printed and bound, in However, amidst this confusion of the rooms of hotels in Scotland. thought, I did realize that I was a This practically finishes the task Christian. All of my thinking and doing could not be interpreted from any point of view except from the viewpoint of a Christian.

-Evangelical Messenger.

Missionary

Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~I=–I~=-===-==-===========I~ Materialism. By J. E. Haldane. 8 book but it is a wan message for The chapter on cooperation vo., pp. 121. $2. Harpers. New the mind and soul of man. York. 1933. between the Federal Government This is a collection of papers R. E. S. and the home mission boards and addresses repeating and reenforcing one central theme, The American Indian and Christian show what can be done when the namely, the contention that the Missions. By George W. Hinman. Indian question is really re- world cannot be interpreted ade- 12 mo. 176 pp. $1.50. Revell. moved from the political arena. quately in terms of physics and New York. 1933. The book closes with a review chemistry, that our experience of This is the most significant of present conditions. Some the world is our experience and book on Christian missions groups have been little affected includes us, and that we, with among the Indians of the United by Christianity while in others our memories and our hopes, are States that has appeared in re- the work is practically as far more than physics and chemis- cent years. The author has had along as in the average white try. "Our actual world is a spir- long experience in this type of community. The question of the itual world, this meaning a world mission work, supplemented by a dependence of Christian develop- wide range of information and ment on economic conditions and in which values are being real- the disadvantage of the segregaized." So far, so good. And this by recent visits to many fields. tion of Indian young people in It is a sympathetic study but the the government schools are recmeans that there is room and difficulties in presenting Chris- ognized. Within the church the need for religion. "None of the tianity to the Indians are not important questions are those of scientific interpretations of our overlooked nor the mistakes of missionary subsidies, relief work experience are anything better missionaries omitted. The dis- by the missionaries, the emerthan tools for particular and cussion is frank and fair, but gence of a native Indian leaderlimited uses; but the nearer they friendly. ship properly trained and suptake us to a spiritual interpreta- ported – these are frankly distion of experience, the less do The opening chapter on "The cussed. Religion of the Indian" attempts they become finally unsatisfac- to appraise the primitive reli- The Christian churches of tory. They lead us up towards a America have been doing misfinal conception of God as the gious beliefs and customs. Some sionary work among the Indians supreme and only reality, and of of the idealistic interpretations for a long time and have spent God present in each of us as Per- which have appeared in recent considerable money; but the insonality and giving to each of us literature fail to be substantiated evitable impression from reading the only reality which we pos- by the facts, though Dr. Hinman this book is that, in spite of missess." So far also, good, but not shows appreciation of a natural takes in policy and the errors of altogether good. And beyond religious element in the Indian. a few misguided missionaries, this not good at all; for, accord- The most recent forms of "pey- wherever the Christian Gospel ote" and "Shakerism" are de- has been given a real chance, it ing to Haldane, God is Person- scribed. The conclusion of the ality, but not a Personality; He has resulted in untold good for is the immanent spirit of the matter is clearly stated – "the Christian message is sorely the Indian. FRANK A. SMITH. world but not a Personal Father needed." and His transcendence is gone. There is no historical revelation. The chapter on "Missions and Jesus was a man like ourselves. There is no individual immor- Wars" is a sad recital of dishon- The Red Flag at Ararat. By Miss A. tality. The "Galilean" view of or and a quiet but scathing com- Y. Yeghenian. Pp. 170. $2. Illife and the world is inadequate. There is no soul apart from the mentary on the cruelty and greed lustrations and map. Womans body. Materialism is rejected of a part of the white population. Press. New York. but we have instead, if labels are to be used, a pantheistic monism. A brief analysis of the principal This small book tells of people There is a noble tone in the mission fields in the west and seen and places visited by its south presents the historical per- author, during a trip to Soviet spective; the outstanding lead- Armenia in 1930. Such a book ers and the progress in establish- . would s car c ely have been ing the Christian community dreamed of ten years ago. What follows and is very illuminating. Armenian young women could Any of the books noted here may be ordered through the Book Store, Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa" and will be sent on receipt of price-cash, check or money order.

[469 ]

have attempted in 192'3 a trip in- when reading the condensed pop- torical setting" (p. xii). It seems to Russia and through the Cauca- rather unfortunate that Dr. sus as tourist and correspondent! ular Report. Hocking believes it necessary to Miss Yeghenian's story pictures use two-thirds of the Introducpeople of the Armenian race The Fact-Finders in their in- tion in an attempt to explain proving themselves an asset to tensive study of mission work in more clearly, in the light of the society through their construc- India and Burma collected much many criticisms of "Re-Thinking tive effort and their service to up-to-date material by a study of Missions," just what theCommisthe common good. She calls at- available literature, from ques- sioners meant in that Report. tention repeatedly to the Soviet tionnaires, and by interviews. Whereas Volume IV gives the policy which uses national con- This is presented in Volume IV background and essential data sciousness as a basis for local of Part Two which gives the about the missions studied, this solidarity, but then subordinates background of the mission enter- volume sets forth the recomit to the overwhelming class con- prise; the environment in its mendations of the Commissciousness characteristic of the sioners for the continuance and larger whole, the Soviet Union. various aspects – political, eco- advancement of m iss ion a r y nomic, social, and religious-the work. Chapters on theology are JOHN E. MERRILL. present problems of missions in not included in this volume al- this changing environment; and though in some of the recom- Our Heritage. By Frank Whitting- the probable future trends in the mendations the theology under- ton Creighton. 165 pp. $1. Na- advance of the Kingdom of God lying "Re-Thinking Missions" is tional Council, Protestant Epis- in these lands. Each chapter is unquestionably manifest. copal Church. New York. 1933. really the report of a Fact- We have treated these books This year the Protestant Epis- Finder upon the particular phase solely from the standpoint of copal Church is commemorating of the mission work which he method and have recognized the the one hundred and fiftieth an- studied, covering mission work practical suggestion which, for niversary of the election of Sam- and conditions including viIlage the most part, may be carried uel Seabury, as the first Amer- life, industrial development, the out by both those who agree with ican bishop, by a little handful of relationships between the mis- and by those who differ from the clergy in an obscure village in sions and the young churches, theology of the Report. Every Connecticut. This fascinating missionary education, medical missionary in India and Burma study follows the results of that will find it helpful to study these beginning made a century and a work, and women's activities. volumes; and to all interested in half ago. Bishop Creighton pre- The editor has molded these vari- the missionary cause they offer sents not only accurate history, ous reports into a homogeneous much pertinent and enlightening but fascinating narrative and and attractive volume, with material. They should prove impressive appeal. The ten chap- many tables of statistics and his- very useful handbooks not only ters portray different phases of tograms of each phase of the to missionaries, but to Board Church's life and experience, and work. It is made more complete secretaries, ministers, and earnreaders will find the story of with a good index. The chapters various types of Christian serv- on "The Church and the Mission est laymen. GEORGE B. LEEDER. ice illustrated in the lives of in India," "Mission Education in men who have devoted them- India," "Women's Interests and The Holy Bible. King James Verselves to the building of the Activities," and "The Church in sion. Key to Pronunciation. Al- Kingdom. The book is of espe- Burma" are particularly well phabetical Index. 12mo. Cloth, 50 cial interest to A mer i can presented and would be worth cents. American Bible Society. Churchmen. the generous price of the book in New York. themselves. HUGH L. BURLESON. Here is unusual value for the "The Regional Report of the money. Clear print, unbreak- Fact-Finders' Reports on India-Bur- able back, good paper, attractive ma. Laymen's Foreign Missions In- Commission of Appraisal on binding. It is better than any other whole Bible we have seen + quiry: Volume IV, Supplementary India-Burma," Volume I, Part for double the price. It makes a good gift book. Series Part Two. Pp. 762 xxiii. One, covers the same types of Holy Bible. King James Version. Regional Reports of the Commission mission work as in the Report 16 mo. Key to Pronunciation. of Appraisal on India-Burma. Vol- "Re-Thinking Missions." How- Cloth. 25 cents. American Bible ume I, Supplementary Series Part ever the writers are not limited Society. New York. One. Orville A. Petty, Editor. New by space in this volume and so York and London: Harper and In smaller type but clear print, Brothers, 1933. Pp. 258. $1.50 ea. their evaluation of and recom- this handy Bible offers remark- mendations for further mission- able value. Here are over 1,100 These two volumes form a ary endeavor in these lands is pages of the most widely read valuable compendium of infor- clearer, and certainly of more and most influential book in the mation for everyone interested help to the missionary himself. world for the price of an ordiin India and Burma. They take Dr. WiIliam E. Hocking, in the nary magazine (half advertisethe reader behind the scenes of Introduction of this Regional Re- ments and half trash). Excelthat much discussed report, "Re- port, writes that these supple- lent for Sunday school classes. Thinking Missions," and furnish in many cases the answers to mentary volumes will atone for those questions which a r 0 s e previous omissions and "will provide concrete pictures of the working mission …… in its his-

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

The Open Road in Persia. By J. R. churches – in itself an evidence one system to produce union and Richards. 12mo. 68 pp. Is. Church concord." of unity. The author puts for- Missionary Society, London, 1933. There is no Christianity with- ward a moving plea for making out Christ and the Cross. Chris- This interesting and well in~ tianity is not simply one of a organic church unity possible, number of religions, all of fairly formed little book gives a rapid equal permanence and value. without creating a situation in "The Little Green God" was and comprehensive picture of written to show the claims and which the Persian Christians essential features of Hinduism, present-day Persia, with special which has held India under its would feel impelled to break domination since 900 B. C. Over focus on the Christian enter- 300 million of its followers are away to form their church, irprise. It appropriately begins Wherever respective of the approval of the with the setting – the national Your parent body or bodies abroad. developments of the past decade, Mission There is, as many of us know, a in which, largely through the A Superior very real reason for such a plea vigorous leadership of Reza Education which it is hoped will be heeded Shah, the country has achieved for Your Child in high ecclesiastical quarters great physical improvement, a Missionaries all OVer the world are turning to before it is too late. the Calvert School in Baltimore for tbe education large measure of unification and of tbeir children. No matter to what section of Mr. Richards sums up: the globe your duties may carry you. or bow fresecurity, and considerable social quent your changes in residence, your children's "Persia is at the cross-roads. scbool training may go forward uninterruptedly. liberation, including the steadily Islam cannot help her; Bahaism Tbis internationally famous school for twentyenhancing status of women. The eight years has educated pupils at long distance has nothing to offer her. Christ by tbe means of well planned courses of study. author goes on to show how the arranged so ~bat parents without teaching ex- or mat e ria lis m-that is the perience may Instruct theIr chIldren by the most present grows out of the past- modern educational methods. crohaodicewtihllast hlieestabkeefo?"re her; which how the broad heritage of Cyrus . Tbere are courses from kindergarten to high school. The usual elementary subjects are in· the Great is reflected in the char- In this year 1933, we know of terestingly presented by explIcit daily lessons. The addition of many cultural studies such as acteristic, and '0 f ten incon- no book which gives such a con- history of art.-famous buildIngs, paintings. sculp- tures,-astronomy. geology. nature study, etc,,- gruous, penchant for religious cise and informative picture of aSsure a rich, well rounded education that com· pares more tban favorably with that given in tbe synthesis. This is particularly the Christian task in Persia, as best schools in this country. In fact. it is often possible for Calvert pupils safely to save a year exemplified in Bah a ism. It is given here. E. M. DODD. and yet entcr bigh school with advanced standIng.

points out the great need, in the The Little Green God. By Caroline The Kindergarten Course, including lessons, Atwater Mason. New Edition. 12 teacber's manual and equipment costs $10.50. shifting scene, for men of ideals mo. 146 Pp. 60c. Revell. 1933. The sil( Complete Courses at $40.00 each, pre- pare for high schooL Courses are sold in yearly and character-by no means an "The Little Green God" was units. V. M. Hillyer. originator of the Calvert inspired by the popular, if pass- home instruction courses wrote the delightful automatic product of the other ing, vogue of superficial sym- books. "A Child's History of the World," "A pathy with the Hindu religion, Child's Geography." Use the coupon for de· phases of what we consider caused by its presentation by tailed information. certain Swamis who came to progress. America some years ago. This 12 Facts Every Parent Should Know movement has been superseded of Calvert School This leads naturally into the by the more serious tendency to substitute "world culture" for 1. Teaches children 4·12 years old at home. "Task of the Church" in which, the Gospel of Christ. Instead of (May be taken for one year only.) the effort to convert the heathen among other things, is brought we are advised to "share" our 2. Gives complete elementary education. educational, philanthropic and 3. Provides rich cultural and scientific back· out the need for an intellectually cultural ideas and practices on a broad humanistic basis with all ground. adequate approach and the pos- the ethnic religions. This repre- 4. Starts with Kindergarten. First Grade to sents an attempt "to blend opsibilities already happily being posite and contrary tenets into High Scbool covered in six years. 5. Enables children to work at speed best suited realized in Christian literature. to their ability. When we come to the chapter on 6. Provides all textbooks. materials, full instruc- illustrations ("Living Epistles") tions. 7. Gives personal, friendly, helpful guidance by of individual Christians, such as letter and encourages originality and indethe famous mendicant, Mansur pendent thinking. 8. Allows afternoons for healthful play. Sang, and groups of Christians 9. Has thousands of pupils all over the world. 10. May be used with individuals or small in different places, there is a groups. I!. Priced surprisingly low. heartening array which helps to 12. May be started at any time.

balance off against certain gov~ CALVERT SCHOOL, 189 W. Tuscan)" Road. Baltimore. Md. ernmental handicaps of the pres- Please send me fuJI information. including a ent moment, such as the severe sample lesson.

restrictions on the lower schools. Name ………………………………….,……………………………

The chapter on "Methods of Sunday School Address …………….,……………………………………………..

Evangelism" presents a sympa- Supplies Child's Age ……………………………………………………….

thetic, well-balanced discussion, Sound splnwn/ including the newer visualization t;XI!OSilions oF/lie ItilernultOttnllemKts methods of motion and still pic- """""..,," I ./oro/!lknumtimtiJIIs tures, as well as the older meth- Sil.mples offer ods of hospital and school – the importance of both of the last be- ing stressed. . The closing chapter is on the emerging church and church unity. The Persian inter-church conference of 1931 brought dele- gates from 19 E van gel i c a I

Less Than ….. . them, he turns to the Gentiles to 1,180,000 Bibles Placed by call out His Church. This break, $2.00 per day says Dr. Barnhouse, takes place THE GIDEONS chronologically at Matthew 11: for: board, room, tuition, and a 20-30 after which we find Christ in Hotel Bedrooms for the taking an entirely new attitude College Education in a and using seven new words o Benefit of Those Who Travel Christian School which set forth His ministry to You are invited to have a part in this the Gentile world. To each of important work bv sending a contribu.. A.B., B.R.E. and Th.B these words practically a whole ~iBibl'.:he Bible Fund. $1.00 will place Degrees chapter is devoted; they are "woe," "come," "Gentiles," "vi- Eligibility for Membership (given under the laws of per," "whosoever," "parables," Massachusetts) and "church." The book is the The field of the work having now sur- development of the theme that rounded the globe, has caused the open.. No smoking or dancing allowed! all of Christ's earthly ministry ing of membership to High scholastic attainment re- prior to this rejection had to do quired. with the Kingdom which He All Christian Business Men came to set up, and therefore Premedical, Normal, Commercial, does not apply to what might be THE GIDEON MAGAZINE. $1.00 per Home Economics, Music, College termed specific church doctrine. year.. Write for particulars to Preparatory, Theological. The author opens by stating THE GIDEONS Send for catalogue his amazement that so far as he knows he is the first to unfold The Christian Commercial Travelers' Atlantic Union College this view of the life and teach- South Lancaster, Mass. ings of our Lord. The Sermon Association 0/ America, International on the Mount is for th~ Kingdom Over 50 years of service. age rather than for the Church 202 So. State Stre~t Chicago, Illinois age and "does not fit into any today living, for the most part, phase of our civilization" (p. rather making the text and in ignorance and degradation. 45) . This position has been thought lucid, and in a quiet and Christians should be fair, be taken by other Bible students charitable, be Christ-like; but let and has been subject to much devotional way leading us into a it be absolutely clear that Chris- criticism. Dr. Barnhouse, howtianity cannot be watered down ever, has handled the subject deeper understanding of a great to suit the palate of Hindu, more tactfully and sanely than Parsi, Confucianist, Buddhist or others. The precepts of the Ser- theme. Mohammedan, and that whoso- mon on the Mount, however, as ever wishes to pass from the Beginning with the Apostle false religion to the true can they have been sincerely lived by never hope to do so by the rick- Christ's followers have been John's prologue, and going into ety planks of compromise. This some of the most potent forces "Little Green God" is a very of Christianity; even as our some of the maj or passages of readable story that rev e a I s Lord Himself allowed His eneclearly the weaknesses of Hindu- mies to smite him and to pluck the Epistle to the Hebrews, the ism in contrast to the life-giving out His beard without lifting up power of Christ. His voice; by His very nonre- author shows that our Lord's sistance he conquered. His Own Received Him Not, But… Sonship did not begin at the By Donald Grey Barnhouse. 8 vo. This book will undoubtedly 185 pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. have a wide reading among the birth in Bethlehem, but that the 1933. friends of Dr. Barnhouse. The style and material are on a par relationship of Father and Son This first product from one with his radio messages. It does who has become nationally not lack for orthodoxy and it existed from all eternity. Sonknown through his broadcasting abounds in an evangelical appeal. is not a series of sermons but an ship does not necessarily always unfolding of some of the more GEORGE W. ARMS. pertinent features in the teach- mean offspring; it signifies exing of Christ based on John 1 : 12 Christ's Eternal Sonship. By W. E. from which the book gets its Vine. 123 pp. 1s. 6d. Pickering & pression of character, e. g., "sons title: "His own received him not, Inglis. London. 1933. but to as many as received him, of this world," and "sons of etc." This, declares Dr. Barn- This book is deeply Scriptural. h 0 use, is the watershed of Its author is that type of an light." As used of our Lord it Christ's earthly ministry. He English clergyman who knows came first to the Jews to set up whereof he speaks, taking us means "He shares in the un- His Kingdom as the Promised back into the original tongue Messiah; then, being rejected by without being pedantic, but originated substance of the Fa- ther's nature, and is the revealer of His character …… " "If there was no such relationship before the Incarnation, the con- clusion seems unavoidable that one God made use of another God to make the worlds," but Deity is monotheistic. This leads Mr. Vine into some most helpful remarks concerning the Trinity.

The book is not written to prove the deity of Christ. It exalts His deity and gives one a new devotion to Him who is not only like God, but is very God of very God. The book can be read quickly and with great profit. GEORGE W. ARMS.

Note. In the Secret of His Presence. G

H. Knight. 88. 6el. 230 pp. Pick- ering & Inglis. London. P r i n t i n The Rev. Stephen van Rensselaer Indigenous Fruits. Sidney J. W.

Trowbridge, for sixteen years Near ~lark. 6d. 30 pp. WorId Domin- East Secretary of the World's Sun- Ion Press. London. day School Association, and Jocated It at Cairo, Egypt, died in Clifton Jungle Folk. G. A. West and D. C. Atwool. 83 pp. 28. 6el. S. P. G. Springs, New York, on July 12, 1933, at the age of fifty-two. He was born When Yau Require House. London.

in Aintab, Turkey, of missionary par- We wish to eztand to you an invi- The Jews in Nazi Germany. 99 pp. ents, entered Princeton University in tation to become acquainted with American-Jewish Committee. New 1898, and upon his graduation re- THE EVANGELICAL PRESS of York. turned to do missionary work in Tur- Hurlsburg, Pennsylvania. key. In 1911 he was invited to JOibn Barleycorn. Dan Poling. 245 become pastor of St. Paul's Congrega- Thousands of institutions and individ. pp. $1.50. John Winston Co. tional Chapel, later St. Paul's Church, uals have accepted a similar invitation, Philadelphia. Brooklyn. In 1914, he resigned to and have enjoyed a profitable printing take over the work of the World's association for years. Materialism. J. S. Haldane. 221 pp. Sunday School Association in Syria, $2. Harpers. New York. Egypt, and North Africa. During Our specialty is Boob, Magazines and the World War, Mr. Trowbridge did Booklets. We have modem equipment The Never Failing Light. James H. remarkably effective service among to meet all the requirements of your F~anklin. 207 pp. $1, cloth; 60 the Armenian refugees in Egypt but particular job. Our service is quick, cents, paper. M. E. M. New York. overwork undermined his health. He careful and courteous. is survived by hi. wife, formerly The Oxford Group Movemel'lt. J. C. Blanche Horton, of Brooklyn. Why not allow us to estimate on your Brown. 80 pp. lB. Piekering & nezt printing? You will be delighted. Inglis. London. ••• with our product. price, and semce. The Outlined Galatians. Robert Lee. The Rev. Harry Carmichael Jett. 115 pp. 88. Pickering & Inglis. for twelve _years a missionary of the London. Methodist Episcopal Church in Yungchun, South Fukien, China, died there The Evangelical Press Standards and Trends in Religious on July 26 of broncho pneumonia. Education. Hug h Hartshorne, Mr. Jett was born in Wayne, Neb. Printers of Helen R. Stearns, Willard E. Up- October 13, 1890, and was graduat;d hans. 230 pp. $2. Institute of from Baker Umversity and Garrett The Mission.ary Review of the World Social and Religious Research. Biblical Institute. He was a delegate New York. from China to the 1928 general con- PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE: 'l'hizcl ancl Ren,. su.at. Harriu,urg. P.. A Self-Made Bishop – The Story of John Tsizehena. G. L. King. la. S. P. G. London.

• • ference in Kansas City. Reports. Edited by Orville A. Seen and Heard DUring Forty-Six Petty. $1.50 each. Harpers. New Years' Evangelistic Work. James • York. McKendride. 272 pp. 18. Pick- Christianity and Industry in Amer· ering & Inglis. London. Bisho~ Oluwole, of the C. M. S. ica. Alva W. Taylor. $1. 212 pp. diocese In Nigeria, died on July 22. Friendship Press. New York. Today's Youth and Tomorrow's He was one of the two Mricans con- Child Neighbors in America. E. C. World. Stanley High. 186 pp. aecrated as Assistant Bishops to Rev. Rodgers and Dorothy McConnell. $1, cloth; 60 cents, paper. Friend· J. S. Hill, at the death of Bishop Sam- $1. 120 pp. Friendship Press. ship Press. New York. uel Crowther. Bishop Oluwole com- New York. pleted 89 years in the episcopate and Church Union in Canada. Claris Edmore than sixty years of active win Silcox. $3. 494 pp. Institute Towards Freedom. Phyllis L. Garchurch work. He ana his wife visited lick. 6d. 31 pp. Church Mission England seven times, pleading for Society. London. their African peoples. Annual Report-Church Missionary Society of Australia and Tasmania. of Social and Religious Research. 50 pp. C. M. S. Sydney. New York. The Little Green God. Caroline At· New Books water Mason. 146 pp. 60 cents. Educational Yearbook of the Inter- Revell. New York. national Institute of Teachers Col- lege. Edited by I. L. Dandel. 495 The African Laborer. Major Browne. pp. International Institute of Our Book Offer $5. 240 pp. Oxford Unive1'llitJ Teachers College, Columbia Uni- Press. New York. versity. New York. Good books are good friends, good Eastern Women Today and To- teachers, inspirational s pi r it u a I Angola-The Land of the Blacksmith morrow. Ruth WoodsmaU. 222 guides. Who would not think it worth Prince. World Dominion Survey pp. $1. Central Committee. Bos- real effort and sacrifice to spend a Series. John T. Tucker. 180 pp. ton. week or a month in intimate fellow- 88. 6d., paper; 68. cloth. World The First Wife. Pearl S. Buck. 812 ship with such men as George Muller, Dominion Press. London and New pp. $2.50. John Day Co. New Arthur T. Pierson, James M. Gray or York. York. Robert E. Speer! You can do it through their books. In these days of Builders of a New World. Robert Merrill Bartlett. 166 pp. 60 eents paper; '1.00 cloth. Friendship Follow the Leader. Winifred Hul- low incomes and high costs of living, PreS$. New York. burt. 50 cents, paper; 75 cents, we are sometimes tempted to neglect eloth. Central Committee. Boston. Protestant Home Missions to Cath- The Gold Cord. Amy Carmichael. this means to our education. A re- ,1. olic Immigrants. Theodore Abel. markable offer will be found on our 143 Jlp. Institute of Social $2.75. Macmillan. New York. second cover, whereby valuable standand Religious Research. New York. The House of Exile. Nora WaIn. ard books may be obtained by a little effort and for little or no money. Christ'. 'Sternal Son.hip. W. E. 337 pp. Little Brown & Co. Boa- Vine. 28. 6d. 128 pp. Pickering ton. . Read our special offer and begin to & In(llil. London. take advantage of it today. Thus you Hi. Own Received Him Not, But-. can benefit yourselves and your China. Vols. II and V-Laymen's Donald Grey Barnhouse. $1.50. friends and can help to advance the Foreip Missions Inquiry Regional 185 pp. Revell. New York. Kingdom of God.

Win the MOSLEM

BY CHRISTIAN LIFE AND TESTIMONY The Good News of Christ interpreted to Moslems through the Christian life and literature is winning a hearing for the Gospel in many lands.

Will you help to supply this much needed Christian literature for millions who have never heard this Good News—in ESypt Syril Irlle Chinl Morocco Pllestine Penil Alsi.,. Turleey Indll JIVI Tuni. Arlbil Millysil Sumltrl South Africa Send your help to the missionaries in these countries through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems Cooperating with Interdenominational Committees on the Reid.

BOARD OF MANAGERS William J. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President .. Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan l. Pierson, of New York, Vice-Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice-President Mrs. William Borden Mrs. J. M. Montgomery Wilbert B. Smith Mrs. finley J. Shepard Dr. James Cantine, Cor. Sec. Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treas. Rev. Robert W. Searle, D.O. Rev. Mills J. Taylor, D.O. Rev. Thomas S. Oonohugh Rev. A. C. Snead John W. Wood, D.C.l. Dr. John H. Raven Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.O., Secretary Gifts may be sent to The Treasurer at 116 East 68th St., New York City.

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CHRIST AND THE MODERN WORLD The Mission Study Topic for the Year Read these stirring articles–….with more to follow,….in the past, present and coming numbers of mE MISSIONARY ~ CHRIST AND MODERN YOUTH CHRIST AND COMMUNISM Harry N. Holmes John McDowell CHRIST AND THE CHURCH CHRIST AND COOPERATION Worth M. Tippy E. D. Kohlstedt CHRIST AND THE JEWS CHRIST AND THE CROSS Conrad Hoffmann, Jr. W. H. T_ Gairdner CHRIST AND THE HINDUS CHRIST AND THE CHINESE Sam Higginbottom James P. l..e:ynse ORDER AT YOUR OWN BOOKSELLERS, or Write direct to THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., Inc.

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