The Missionary Review of the World — June 1933

1933

THE What I Saw in Poland Conrad Hoffman The Christian Wizard of India Delavan L. Pierson When Pastors Discuss Missions Hugh Vernon White Arguments by Moorish Moslems James Haldane Pioneering on the Madagascar Uplands A. M. Chirgwin Evangelizing a Million Korean Homes – William Newton Blair

Chat THE

REVIEW OF THE WORLD This number of the REVIEW is espe- If the Service DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor cially rich and varied. There are calls you East articles on Morocco, and the people of VUL, LVl NO.6 of Suez … sail the Sahara Desert; on India and PAGE Korea and Japan; on Poland and the Jews; on Home Missions and Mis- Frontispiece – A Missionary sion Problems; on Madagascar and Journey to the Garden of the Philippines. Allah ……………… 282 Topics of the Times ……. 283 These writers tell the stories of missionary heroes and missionary COD- Godless Propaganda verts; of pioneering and adventure; Turmoil and Trouble in Cuba of needs and difficulties and progress. Present Movement in Germany Touring America for Foreign *** Jlissl0ns You can't afford to neglect this rich A New Center in Jerusalem feast. Invite your pastor, your friends Arguments by Moorish Mosand others to share in it. Send a subscription to some missionary on lems ……………… 287 the frontier. Such a gift will be like By James Haldane. cold water to a thirsty soul. The Christian Wizard of In- *** THE ROUTE PREFERRED dia ………………. 290 Our next issue of the REVIEW will SINCE 18401 By Delavan L. Pierson. be a double number, covering two Cross to England, Gibraltar or months–July and August. This is for Pioneering on the Madagas- Marseilles and embark in a great the purpose of saving expense and be- ship of this Line that tradition- car Uplands ………… 294 ally and for nearly a century has cause many readers are absent frotn carried the vanguard of the Church hotne during the sutntner. It will also By A. ),1. Chirgwin. eastward to aU the lands heyond Suez. P & 0 Liners, of transatlanbe a special nutnber dealing with the ,What I Saw in Poland ….. 298 tic size and comfort, stand for the home tnission phase of the study topic Progress of the West in scores of "Christ and the Modern World." By Conrad Hoffman. tropic ports and teeming harbours of the Indian Ocean and the Our last July-August issue sold out Evangelizing a Million Ko- Pacific. Natives measure time by . rean Homes ………… 300 their swift and sure arrival. Low soon after it was issued and had to be rates and the present favourable By 'Villianl Newton Blair. exchange make the voyage an reprinted. That edition was also sold exceptional value. out and the demand still continues. Defeat or Victory in India .. 303 Do not make a tnistake this year. By J. F. Edwards. Articles promised deal with Socialism and Christ; the Church and Modern When Pastors Discuss Mis- Youth; Christ and the Foreign Born; sions •………….. '.. 305 the Unemployed; Christ and the By Hugh Vernon White and Mountaineers; Migrant Workers; Cleland B. MeAt'"e. Christ and the City Slums; the Busi- Learning New Lessons in ness Man and the Wage Earners; Christ in Atnerican Colleges. Missions …………… 307 *** By Kenneth Scott Latourette. Later we plan to publish the ad- The Missionary of the Future 309 dresses by Dr. E. Stanley Jones, Dr. By Ernest E. Tuck. Sam Higginbottom and others, deliv- Shall We Appraise Home Misered during the United Missionary sions? …………….. 311 campaigns recently concluded. They By .Jay S. Stowell. have awakened very wide and deep Good Will and Good News .. 313 interest. **• . By Jacob Peltz. Do you know what others are say- In the Garden of Allah … , 315 ing? ReTe are quotations from a few By Dugald Campbell. recent le tters : Some Problems in the Philip- "The REVIEW is improving potti in pines ……………… 319 its material and in its arrangement. We believe it has an increasing value By George William Wright. with its message and its emphasis for these days."-Secretary of the Mission Noble Jo of Kobe ………. 321 Board of the Church of the Brethren. A remarkable story of what a *** Japanese Christian woman Regular sailings to India, 18 ,doing for her Japanese Australia, Egypt, Sudan, Persi~n "The REVIEW is a wonderful, in- Gulf, Burma, Ceylon, Straits forming magazine, and I could not do sjstel's. Settlements, China, Japan, East and South Africa, Mauritius, without it." Effective Ways of Working . 323 MRS. S. C. BECKETT, Rohnesburg, Australasia. Pa. Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison. Complete information from *** Your Local A~nt or Women's Home Mission Bul- "DUring the past year I have found £UNARD~LINE the REVIEW of great value in my letin ……………… 326 work. I feel that I cannot get along without it during the coming year." Edited by Miss Anne Seesholtz.

REV. ARTHUR J. ENGELBRECHT, Our World-Wide Outlook … 328 Breese, Ill. Our Missionary Bookshelf .. 341 – – -..- – —~———-.—- *** GENERAL AGENTS Publication and Business Offtce Look at the "Dates to Remember" Third ann Reily Sts., Harrisburg. Pa. 25 Broadway New York column (page 281). This will be a good summer to attend some mis- Editorial and Executive Office sionary conference or Summer School 15ij Fifth Avenue, New York City of Missions. Entered as second-class matter at Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of :>Iarch 3. 1879.

25 cents a copy-$2.50' a year Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year Published monthly-All rights re- served. Copyrighted 1933 by the lUSSTOKARY REVIEW PUB· LISHING CO., INC.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President W~r. L CHAMBERLAIN. Vice-President WALTER McDOUGALL, 'Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary SA"t;EL :v!CCREA CAVERT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. WPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH MILTON T. STAUFFEII A. L. WARNSHUIS SAMUEL M. ZWEMER

to Remember A

DENOMINATIONAL ANNUAL FINANCIAL MEETINGS PLAN June 11-17 – Church. Co~ference of …is what hundreds of satisfied Social Work, DetroIt, MICh. persons consider the annuity agreements of the American June 8-13-Gencral Synod of the Re- Bible Society. Here is what formed Church in America, Grand Mrs. S. S. of California writes: Rapids, Mich. "The check I receive from you is June 19-22-General Eldership of the much appreciated these days. Money Churches of God in North America, is a scarce article with me but I can Hagerstown, Md. always depend on Jun.e 26-July 2-75th Anniversary of my check from the formation of the United Pres- the American byterian Church of North America, Bible Society." Pittsburgh, Pa. Read the enthu, June 27-30-Evangelical Women's Un- siastic testimony of ion, Evangelical Synod of North Mr. O.W. of North Carolina: America, Buffalo, N. Y. "I am grateful that our American Bible Society annu- June 28-General Assembly of the ities afford us some security in these trying times." United Presbyterian Church, Pitts- burgh, Pa. Advancing years need not be feared when you know that this Society, PASTORS' CONFERENCES indispensable to the missionary en, June 19-24- Institute for Town and terprise, and of unquestioned fi, Country Ministers, Y. M. C. A. nancial stability, is behind this College, Springfield, Mass. – Prof. annuity A. Z. Mann. That Gives June 26-July 7 – Rural Leadership School, Madison, Wis., University You of Wisconsin-Prof. J. H. Kolb. the assurance of a dependable income June 26-August 7 – Auburn Summer as long as you live. An easy-to,read booklet School of Theology, Auburn, N. Y. tells you all about it-the rates you receive- -Prof. H. L. Reed. how you help in making the Scriptures widely available around the earth-how a friend orrelative July 3-20-School for Town and may be included – how this annuity agreement Country Ministers, East Lansing, gives you a Mich., Michigan State College- Prof. Eben Mumford. Double Satisfaction July 11-21-Summer School for Rural ~I·~IIl't ,—————-1 Pastors, Brookings, S. D., South II I Dakota State College-Prof. W. F. AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY Kumlien. Bibl" House, Astor Place, New York City .

July I7-28-Summer School for Town I I Please send me, without obhgatlon, your booklet No. M. R.6, entitled and Country Ministers, Ithaca, N. I "A G,ft That LIves." Y., Cornell University – Prof. ;O~VTi ::~,==~-:=_-_D::'~:m~~m i Dwight Sanderson.

July 25-August 4-Virginia Summer School for Rural Ministers, Blacks- burg, Va., Virginia Polytechnic In- stitute-Prof. B. L. Hummell.

July 31-August 4-Rural Welfare Conference, Ontario Ladies' Col- lege, Whitby, Ont.-Rev. Manson Doyle, 523 Wesley Bldg., Toronto.

August l-ll-Summer School for Ministers and Christian Workers, Hollister, Mo.-Rev. C. E. Van Del' Maaten, 724 Grand Ave., Spring- field, Mo.

MISCELLANEOUS June I-Nov. I-World's Fair, Chicago, Ill.

June 20-21-National Council of Fed- erated Church Women, Chicago, Ill.

June 24-September 4-Victorious Life Conferences, Keswick, N. J.

July 5-7 – Association of Worn e n Preachers, Milwaukee, Wis.

July 8-13 – International Christian Endeavor Convention. Milwaukee, Wis.

July 8-28 – Eighth Seminar in Mex- ico under the auspices of the Com- mittee on Cultural Relations with Latin America.

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by Nash THE WALLED CITY OF AGOURMI, NEAR SIWA TOWN AND

DUGALD CAMPBELVS CAMP AS HE WAS LEAVING TRIPOLI TO CROSS THE DESERT A MISSIONARY JOURNEY TO THE GARDEN OF ALLAH (See page 315)

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER SIX JUNE, 1933 Topics of the Times GODLESS PROPAGANDA fostered by the failure of those of us who are A~heis~ is nothing new; neither is immorality; professed believers in God to reveal His character nor IS bhndness. Since the beginning some men and power in our own lives. have denied God's existence, have ignored His laws and have rebelled against His right to rule. The The widespread godless propaganda is made re~sons are m3;ny-ignorance, misguidance, prej- clear. in a.paper, Dema,in*, issued by a group of udIce, false phIlosophy and science, and the put- RUSSIans In France. While atheism was introting of other things in the place of God. But the duced into Asia with western materialistic science greatest hindrances to a knowledge and accept- and "free thought," it has been actively promoted ance of God are ignorance and wilful rebellion. by Bolshevist propaganda. The International Few men. are ath~ists ~t heart, though they may Proletarian Freethinkers, at their meeting in Moshave demed God s eXIstence, have ignored His cow in 1931, stated they had not yet succeeded in laws. Even those who claim to be atheists often developing antireligious activity in such counshow their fear that He may be a reality. This i8 tries as India, China and Africa. Their most true in Russia. It is scarcely reasonable to waste active propaganda is among the youth and malso much ammunition on a Being who is nonexist- contents in so-called Christian lands and in backent: Russi~n Soviet leaders are not only bending ward countries like Mongolia. Demain reports theIr energIes to put through a Five Year Eco- that in America, Australia and Asia, where nomic program, they are also promoting an anti- branches of the International Proletarian Free- God program, not only to ostracize but to abolish thinkers have been organized, the propaganda is carried on along the following lines: God. . The most powerful weapon is the printed page. Atheis- The propaganda does not stop with Russia but hc books are translated and original publications are produced in the native languages. The influence of atheextends to all lands where atheistic communism isti.c ideas in indigenous literature is a significant fact is active. The Soviet leaders are not only igno- WhICh can hardly be overestimated. rant of God, as He is revealed in Christ and the An important role is also played by the pro-communistic Scriptures, but they are conscious that His laws of righteousness and love are opposed to their and antireligious films. Some are well done from the materialistic, loveless, autocratic program. Their resthetic point of view, but are calculated to stir up antireligious feeling and anarchy. At least twenty such films a;e now being shown in all parts of the world.

only chance for success is in "the abolition of SpeCIal propagandists are trained jn Moscow to carry God." It cannot be done, any more than the sun on communistic and antireligious propaganda in various can be blotted out by shutting one's eyes, by a. lands.. !his propaganda has a special influence upon peocampaign to promote blindness, or by establishing ples hvmg near the frontiers of Soviet Russia such as Turkey, India, Persia, Afghanistan, China and japan.

a home in a dark cave. ~h: use of Esperanto and of the Latin alphabet in The sad and damaging fact about the atheistic ~sIatIc languages has enabled the Soviet Government to propaganda is its influence on the young and un- mtroduce the natives of Asiatic Russia to books full of educated. In America, Europe, and other lands, atheistic ideas. the godless and degrading literature that is being widely distributed in the form of tracts and fic- The struggles of the past have been between tion is having its evil effect on the youth. This revealed religion and superstition, between Chris- tianity and ethnic religions, between spiritual propaganda unfortunately finds more ready ac- .* 'rhe Social and Economic News Bulletin of the International cept ance in the present economic distress and is CMlIaSmSIaOrnt,arIysseCyo-uInasc-iMl oguivleensietahuex,aPdadrriess.s of Demain as 132 Ave. de [283]

ideals and materialism. The coming conflict is third of a century. Its size is that of Pennsylvania between Christ and anti-Christ, or godless com- but it has only one-half the population of that munism. The anti-God propaganda can be suc- state. Who can estimate the amount of trouble cessfully counteracted by the Gospel of Christ- and suffering it represents? made known, not only by the spoken and printed word, but translated into character, life and serv- Roman Catholic missions had free course in ice. Men can withstand theoretical arguments, Cuba for four hundred years; Protestant work however logical, but they cannot withstand visible has been carried on quietly since the island was evidence of truth or the power and the love of God set free from Spanish control. Today some thiras revealed in Christ and in sacrificial service for teen societies are at work with about eighty forman. Russia is now reaping the fruits of dead eign workers and a large number of Cuban pasfaith without works; mission lands show the fruit tors and teachers. The principal missions are of living faith in Christ, manifested by works of those conducted by the Methodist Church (South), love. the Presbyterian Church (North), the Protestant Episcopal Church, the Northern and Southern TURMOIL AND TROUBLE IN CUBA Baptists and the Society of Friends.

Many are anxiously hoping for the restoration The visible results of the work have not been of confidence and harmony in Cuba. There are large, but there are some 220 organized churches reasons to expect better things of the Island Re- with approximately 15,000 communicants and as public but as the years go by the causes for unrest many more adherents. Most of the islanders are seem to be no nearer a solution. The situation is nominally Roman Catholic, but the economic, edudeplorable. Extreme financial depression has dis- cational and moral standards are low. It is time couraged all business; foreign as well as national for Christians to pray for Cuba, for the Christians investors are making a desperate effort to hold on there, for the missionaries, and for the new amuntil a change comes; political leaders are deter- bassador, Mr. Sumner Wells, that a way out of mined to give no ground to their opponents, hop- the present turmoil may be discovered and foling that the other side will become exhausted. lowed. Mysterious forces make life itself unsafe; scarcely a week passes without some public violence, by THE PRESENT MOVEMENT IN GERMANY assassination or bombing. Many have been alarmed about the state of re- Education has had a serious set-back. For three ligion in Germany since the last revolution and years the University of Havana has been closed have feared that the Church at home, as well as and the high schools of the six provinces have not her missions in foreign lands, would be seriously been open for nearly that time. This has added affected. The reports concerning persecution of to the state of unrest and unemployment and fore- Jews and the abolition of the Old Testament in bodes an even more serious condition for the fu- favor of nationalistic German traditional heroes ture. If Cuba is to have a generation grow to and ideals, have revealed a purpose to promote a manhood and womanhood without high school and Teutonic civilization. No government, however college training much of the progress of the past popular, can make much headway with such a three decades will be lost. Whence can the Re- program. public expect to obtain its future teachers, scientists and educated leaders? When the market The Hitler government went into effect in a makes possible a recuperation of economic pros- Protestant church after a solemn service. The perity and when better political conditions restore dramatic moment came when the aged Hindenpublic confidence, the leaders that should now be burg grasped the hand of the young chancellor and in school will be unprepared for their task. It is Hitler in a solemn address, gave honor to God and a desperate situation and, so far as an onlooker pledged his emphatic support to the maintenance can see, one that is unnecessary. of Christianity.

The Christian Church has not been actively in- A number of Protestant bishops, the venerable volved in the disturbances but the Christians are Lutheran Bishop Ihmels in the lead, have publicly suffering and it is almost impossible to carryon. indicated their allegiance to the new Germany It is easy to visualize the pain and anxiety that and have pledged their full cooperation in the haunt the lives of thousands who long to live a work of cleansing, uplifting and liberating the quiet inconspicuous life, to have the opportunity people. It has become evident that the Protestants to work in peace, and to worship with their fam- will not consent to any attempt to splice together ilies, without the constant dread of disturbance, heterogeneous religious bodies. They desire the destruction and death by violence. peace of the church and stand for the moral and religious renewal of the nation. Emphasis is Cuba, which was for four centuries under Span- placed upon honesty, purety and cleanness. ish control, has been a republic for about one- The Christian leaders stress the great responsi-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

bility resting upon the Church to be the pure burg, where they secured the State Farm Show Church of Christ, not a state church, but with un- Building, thirty-five hundred people came.

diminished powers to proclaim the Gospel of God. "Seems like the good old days. I never saw the Only in this sense is the Church to be regarded as building packed like that," was the comment some- the servant of the State. The excrescences of the times overheard. Another said, "If we could only former period are to be avoided–such as a pagan have a meeting like this every week there would Germanism, attacks upon the Old Testament, on be a revival in this place." Many of the audiences missions and religion and morality. They state were made up of picked groups of official boards among other things, "Have we Christians not re- or delegates chosen as leaders to represent many ceived the commission from our Lord in Heaven congregations. Interdenominational dinners and to preach the Gospel to all nations, including the luncheons were well attended, at times with five German nation?" hundred men or women present.

A notable manifesto by Dr. Zoellner, General One of the finest fruits of these Foreign Mis- Superintendent, directed to the Lutherans of sion meetings was that they coordinated the mis- Germany, contains the following points: First, sionary work of many denominations through the the necessity of creating a new constitution for hearty and united efforts of the interdenomina- the government of the Church which shall not re- tional committees, councils of churches and min- flect the prevailing governmental form, as did the isterial associations. In one small city it was former attempts, which aimed at a democratiza- said: "This is the finest thing that has ever struck tion of the church. "We need bishops at the head our town."

and no church parliaments!" Second, the unifica- The campaign showed the results of careful tion of the Church. "The confessional basis of planning by the secretaries of the Foreign Mis- the several Protestant churches is not to be sions Conference and by the local committees.

touched. The entire work of the Church must be The enthusiastic cooperation was a rewarding ex- done, starting with its own confession. The chan- perience. One chairman remarked that the whole cellor has declared that the Church must be free central portion of the state had been moved and for its work for the nation." each church had agreed to have a missionary The most important statement in this document speaker or a missionary sermon by the pastor.

is the following: "The really essential task of the The main speakers of the team were well fitted Church, one which must be worked out anew in to interest American Christians.

every age, is, to bear witness in the world of sin In many of the larger meetings there has been and death, to the message of the cross of Christ a very natural blending of the missionary appeal and the certainty of the resurrection from the with a definite call to personal consecration to dead. Thus the Church stands with its commis- Christ, to prayer and to whole-hearted devotion to sion in the midst of the nation, as the front of His service. The great crowds who have heard God against death. That is its service to crea- these messages and the intelligent interest mani- tion." C. THEODORE BENZE. fested prove that the churches are eager to learn of the progress of Christ's work across the seas TOURING AMERICA FOR FOREIGN and to face the challenging implications of the MISSIONS Christian life as they ponder anew the "eternal "Good for a 'scare head,' " was a young woman values in a bewildered world." A. 1. NASMITH.

reporter's estimate of the news value of one of the A NEW CENTER IN JERUSALEM women's meetings of the United Missionary Cam- paign. The platform and the floor along the Palestine, one of the smallest countries on the aisles, as well as every available seat, was crowded globe, ·is religiously one of the most important.

to hear Miss Carol Chen of China and Dr. E. Its location, at the juncture of Asia and Africa Stanley Jones of India. Other equally popular and next door to Europe, has made it a great meetings were addressed by Dr. Sam Higgin- battleground of history and the cradle of religion.

bottom of Allahabad. Jews, Moslems and Christians of every type hold This series of foreign mission conferences, con- it sacred and struggle for its control. Pilgrims ducted in sixteen communities (April 19 to May from many lands now journey thither to visit its 24), is the first extensive interdenominational sacred shrines. According to Biblical prophecies, series undertaken for many years and they have the future of this land is to be even more impor- been remarkably successful. Crowds have been tant than the past. Jerusalem, the ancient "City gathered in every city and in some cases hundreds of Peace," is the home of the ancient Jewish have been turned away. Local communities have temple, the medieval Moslem mosque of Omar and expressed regret that they had not had the cour- the later Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Today age to rent larger convention halls. In Harris- it is the seat of a larger modern Jewish Univer-

sity, and the center of many Christian missions. per of Honolulu. Altogether it is reported that It is also the site of one of the largest and best over $1,000,000 has been put into the equipment equipped and most modern Young Men's Chris- and endowment. tian Associations in the world. The building was dedicated at Easter time, the fiftieth anniversary The Jerusalem Y. M. C. A. was organized fiftyof the incorporation of the Y. M. C. A. of the five years ago and for ten years was conducted United States and Canada. The dedicatory ad- in the small bookshop of the Church Missionary dress, given by Field Marshall Viscount Allenby, Society. The magnificent new building, in Byzanwas broadcasted from Jerusalem so as to be heard tine architecture, is located east of Jerusalem, on around the world. A picturesque gathering of Julian's Way, facing the city. The corner stone over 2,000 people assembled for the dedication, (laid July 23, 1928) carries the inscription: dressed in clothing that included the formal eccle- "These buildings are given to the glory of God siastical robes of the Eastern Orthodox clergy, the and in remembrance of His only begotten Son." gowns of Jewish Rabbis, the garb of Palestinian On the facade of the central building are three peasants and the formal dress of European offi- inscriptions-one in Hebrew: "The Lord our cials. Among those who took part in the cere- God is one Lord" (Deut. 6: 4); one in Arabic: monies were Dr. John R. Mott of New York, the "There is no God but God" (Koran); and one in Anglican Bishop of Jerusalem, a Jewish rabbi, an Aramaic: "I am the Way" (John 14: 6) . From Arab Protestant clergyman and the Patriarch of the "Jesus Tower" can be seen the sites of Bethlethe Greek Church. hem and Temple of Solomon, the Mount of Olives and Calvary and the garden tomb. This is sig- This new building will welcome into its halls, nificant for this Christian center, in the most classrooms, restaurant, gymnasium and swimming sacred spot on earth, may well be devoted to the pool both young men and young women of all practical expression of the teachings of the Son races and faiths. The building was made pos- of God who was born into this world as the Savsible by a gift from the late James N. Jarvie of iour, who, within sight of this building, lived and Montclair, New Jersey; the carillon, which is the taught in the streets and Temple; who healed the finest in Asia, was donated by a niece of Mr. sick and cast out demons; who gave His life a Jarvie; the four thousand pipe organ was given ransom for many on Calvary; and who rose again from the dead to bring life and immortality to by the Juilliard Musical Foundation; and the li- light. The Y. M. C. A. in Jerusalem should embrary, which is largely devoted to the Life of phasize the whole Gospel. Christ, was made possible by Miss Margaret Hop- THE NEW Y. M. C. A. AT JERUSALEM

by Moorish

I-<!£f By JAMES HALDANE, Mazagan, Morocco IT.!e– W HEN, for half an hour, I had been speak- This attitude towards sin opens the road for an ing to a group of Moslems in Morocco, endless march of evil, and reveals depths of cor- suddenly a young man broke through the ruption almost inconceivable to those who have circle, stood before me, shook his garments vigor- not encountered it at close quarters.

ously and said: When I said to a notary on one occasion that "Our religion, like our garments, is wide, roomy it ought to be clear to him that the bribe he took and free from any uncomfortable tightness." in his left hand must make void the praise and Laying his hands on my shoulders he continued: worship he was offering to God through the use "Your message sets forth a religion which re- of the rosary in his right hand, he quietly re- sembles the suit you wear, it grips anq cramps marked that the reverse was the truth, and that and imprisons the body." the rosary removed all blemish from the bribe.

Another of the group, ready to support his co- Moslems do not see any inconsistency between a religionist, added: sordid life and a rigid adherence to religious cere- "The list of sins you lay to our charge is not mony. This is particularly well exemplified by exaggerated; we plead guilty. But God can wipe the following incident.

out our sins as easily as a boy removes an error I was sitting on the beach reading a book. Some from his slate by a touch of saliva." fifty yards distant was a bundle of clothes belong- The attitude of these men is supported by the whole trend of Koranic teaching. While their sacred book thunders heavily against sin in its various forms, the climax is usually reached by the assertion that Allah is merciful and the door of repentance is near.

When I read the Koran, or observe those whose lives are moulded by its teaching, there comes to my mind the picture of a mother who puts clean garments on her child, and after having threat- ened it with awful punishment if it goes splash- ing in the mud, finishes her threats by saying: "Of course, there is always soap and hot water in the bathroom."

When Moslems claim that there is an exalted doctrine of righteousness in the Koran, we can only say, after twenty years' experience among this people, that this doctrine and others of a RIVAL BOOKS: BIBLE AND KORAN more nebulous nature are not taken seriously so as to exert a practical influence on life. ing to a man who was fishing from the shore. An There is only one sin which seems to have a Arab who was passing, who thought I was dangerous significance-the sin of unbelief. The too engrossed in my reading to notice anything charge of being an unbeliever is brought against else, lifted the best garment from the bundle and all who refuse to accept the Koran as the final made off with it. To avoid creating suspicion he revelation of God. The consequences of all other did not quicken his pace, and before he had gone sins have been discretely whittled down so as to far I managed to signal to the fisherman who, by give scope for the indulgence of those cravings my gestures, was quick to read the situation.

which are wrapped up in the human frame. When the thief was caught there was a great Sin, to the Moslem, is not a problem, it is a uproar which attracted a native policeman to the propensity which, though admittedly curving scene and the man was arrested. Finding himself away from the straight line, does not to any in- on the way to prison the thief requested the police- convenient extent interfere with direction. man to allow him a little time to perform ablutions [287]

and say his prayers, on the ground that there without encountering anything more than a feeble would be little convenience for such an exercise resistance. within prison walls. A man may divorce his wife for any other rea- The policeman, fisherman and myself sat on the son than that she is thirty and he desires a young sand waiting for this law-breaker to finish his girl of seventeen. No effort is made to predict prayers. I said to the policeman: whether or not such a union will become an en- cumbrance; neither common-sense nor calcula- "This is hypocrisy and you should not allow it." tion are of any service since our passions, even when they tend to tyrannize over others, must be "If a man breaks the law in the street," he re- allowed to run their course, since we have no plied, "and on his way to prison asks to stop at a more power to arrest their march than we have to certain street that he may pay a shop-keeper a turn a river at its mouth and send back its waters debt he owes, you would not call that hypocrisy to feed the springs at its source. would you? Who am I to say to this thief, 'you have broken the law and therefore I will not allow There are multitudes of illustrations and metayou to pay your debt to God?' " phors used by Moors that reveal this creed of fa- talism. I often come to grips with Moslems over this inconsistency that mars their lives. But discus- It is the direction of the wind that determines the sion is either cut short, or brought to a climax course of the clouds, not the fool in the street who after a long debate by a saying attributed to one blows at them with a pair of bellows. of the mystic saints: Fresh supplies from the source keep scum from be- Fate is the wind, we are the smoke; coming stench. Its power upon us is absolute.

In elucidating this saying the Moors remind us If we argue, as I have often done, that the logithat they as believers may indulge freely in nights cal conclusion of a creed like this should lead us to of sin with the assurance that morning prayers abolish all punishment, for crime being deterwill enable them to make contact with those puri- mined cannot be avoided, nor can punishment befying influences that flow daily from Mohamme- come a deterrent to its future development, the dan springs. answer is that the inconsistency which appears in the punishment is decreed in the same way as the In justice to the saint to whom the saying is at- action that leads up to it. This is the vicious tributed one must say that his admirers have al- circle with a vengeance. lowed a too liberal interpretation to his message; but nonetheless it has always been true of Mos- A people held in the grip of such a creed is not lems that the point in their religion which they easily attracted to a Gospel that calls upon us to have stressed has been its divine origin, while its grapple with our sins and sacrifice our all to win influence in purifying the daily life, has conspicu- eternal life. ously failed. Much praise has been lavished upon the liberal- God's Decrees as an Alibi ity of the Arabs, especially in its relation to alms- giving. But when we dip beneath the surface and This attitude towards wrong-doing finds its examine the motive that prompts the exercise of main support in the doctrine of fatalism embraced this apparent virtue its shallowness is quickly reby all Moslems. Mohammed's rule in regard to vealed. There are two sayings in use among epidemics is: themselves which lay bare this motive.

"If plague breaks out in a country go not to that "Sudaka tiedifaa, baa wa ilbila." (Almsgiving country, and if thou art there, depart not from it." staves off evil.) It is related that when Moses rebuked Adam On his way to a lawsuit a man gives away his for having lost Paradise to the race through his coins somewhat freely to the beggars he meets on trespass, he replied: "Dost thou blame me for his way. The beggars know only too well that that which was decreed concerning me before I these men have little sympathy with their poverty, was created ?" but they trap them with the cry, "May God save you from a fruitless lawsuit." In some mysterious They believe that a soul may have the highest way these coins are supposed to turn the balance intentions to seek righteousness, but is unable to in one's favor, and of course they do not stay to achieve its aim because of some decree of God consider how the balance can be made to move in that is in opposition to that attainment. The ac- favor of both parties to the lawsuit. ceptance of this doctrine by people who are lazy or vicious-as Emerson reminds us-gives them A year ago a well-known beggar was knocked a peg upon which to hang the responsibility for down by a car here in Mazagan and killed. He all their evil actions. All barriers of discipline rarely spoke, seemed to wear out his clothes withare broken down and evil passions move forward out washing them, slept in all weathers in a corner

ARGUMENTS BY MOORISH MOSLEMS

of the street and was always slavering. His ap- But is is difficult to get Moors to face their inpearance was repulsive. When the news of his consistency. These facts were brushed aside by death went round the town, immediately there another member of my audience who asserted was rivalry among the notabilities to defray the that in any case no one could get into hea.ven expenses of an elaborate burial. It was the larg- without first becoming a Moslem. est funeral I have ever seen in Morocco. I replied that I could not imagine God in heaven The man was credited with power to make con- entering into fellowship with millions of men tact with the unseen world, and such an one pass- whose chief delight and occupation was with ing over to the other side might be in a position black-eyed virgins so that I was compelled to treat to distribute blessings or deal out blows to his the Prophet's description of heaven as a piece of fellows left behind. The reason for this scramble indecent fancy. to provide funeral expenses, as also the long procession, is obvious, for there is no record of such Students who have studied in the French liberality towards poor widows. schools are the only Moors found ready to ac- knowledge that the language used in the Koran to It is a thing of common occurrence in Morocco describe heaven is figurative. They all insist upon to find, in traps laid to snare animals, a piece of its acceptance in a literal sense. After all this is skin, an ear or part of a leg that has been wrenched off by the animal in a desperate struggle to escape. The saying has thus come into circulation: "Men, like animals, will surrender a part to save the bulk."

Moslem Contributions to Progress AF TER THE BIBLE CLASS- F OR AN D AGAINST THE MESSAGE Moslem lands remained stagnant for centuries a natural climax to a religion that found its chief until European powers brought to bear upon them impetus to proselytize in promises of enlarged inthe combined force of their wealth, industry and dulgence after death to faithful warriors who control. might be cut off from their share of battle spoil which included the women taken captive. I have frequently asked my hearers for an explanation of this fact. They soon find one and in Mohammed evidently knew .that his recruits substance it is nearly always the same. My latest 'were not of the kind to be swayed by words that experience called forth the following reply. were nothing more than symbols. Something more tangible was required to arouse the enthusi- "What you say about Moslem backwardness is asm and courage necessary to achieve his aim. true but it does not humi1iate us, for your argument loses much of its force when you take into Whether we test Mohammedanism by its consideration our view of this world. What is earthly activities or its heavenly prospects, the this world? A dirty garment which we cast off defect is the same, namely, the lack of moral after wearing it for a time. Who can get up any and spiritual standards that approach to the naenthusiasm over the patching of an old garment?" ture of God.

On another occasion one of my hearers, who was Let the Christian missionary proceed with the evidently piqued by my reference to the backward- proclamation of his Message of Christ, which is ness of Moslem lands, said: "The chief occupa- so vastly superior to that of Islam. tion of vultures is to gorge themselves with the decaying bodies of donkeys, dogs and camels which die in the open fields. You Europeans spend Sunday strutting about in your best clothes, and bowing to one another. On that day you resemble the sparrow,and for the rest of the week you struggle with each other like vultures seeking for the largest share of a decaying world."

I reminded this gentleman that when Mohammed sent forth his followers to conquer the nations he promised them the possession and enjoyment of spoils which spoil consisted of the very things which he was not condemning Europeans for accumulating. I also drew the attention to the fact that if Europeans cleared out of their country tomorrow there would immediately be a scramble among Moslems for a share of the goods left behind.

Christian "Wizard of India"*

Sir William Wanless of Mira; and His Million Patients -·~l ;1 ; ; P; ; IE; ; R; ; S; ; O; ; N= = ~I ~ ====;;;;B;;;;Y;;;;D;;;;E;;;;L;;;;A;;;;V;;;;A;;;;N=L;;;;.

"THE Story of the Impossible" is the title ap- that obtained in his three-year course in New plied to the growth of the medical mission York University. When he arrived at Sangli he at Miraj, western India. It is more re- found neither hospital nor dispensary. But the markable than the legendary tales of cities built news of a coming doctor had spread and he soon in a single night by the magic of an enchanter's found a line of patients begging for treatment.

wand. "I consider the hospital at Miraj my most The new missionary had been warned not to begin profitable investment," said the late John H. Con- practice until after he had spent two years in lan- verse, then president of the Baltimore Locomo- guage stUdy-lest the demands of his early pro- tive Works. He had put some $20,000 into the fessional practice should hinder his preparation enterprise which grew to have a mere money for later usefulness. "What to do?" as the In- value of over $250,000. But that is the least part dians say. He had come to India as a missionary, of the .:returns on the investment, for in forty and needed a command of the language in order years it ministered to the bodies and souls of to give the people the Gospel in their own tongue.

more than a million and a quarter patients. But he had come to do medical work and here it In 1889 a young medical student applied to the was-some of the patients needing immediate re- Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions for ap- lief. Should he turn them away saying, "We pointment to China. Later he volunteered for have not bread"; or was the Master saying: India. The Board did not at first accept his ap- "You need not send them away…. Give yethem plication and rather discouraged the young man. to eat…. Bring them hither to me." This was There were two reasons for this hesitation-he the voice that the young doctor heard and obeyed. had not had a college education and therefore Promptly sending to Bombay for more supplies, might not fit in well with the requirements for a he used what he had, doling out the meager sup- missionary to people of an ancient civilization; ply of medicines to those most urgently needing again, the funds of the Board did not seem /Suf- attention. But there was no surgery, "operating theater," or equipment, such as some modern apficient to warrant the appointment.

But William J. Wanless was not easily discour- praisers deem so essential to an acceptable mediaged. He consulted his friend, Robert Wilder, cal mission. A small schoolroom (8 x 12 feet) Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement, was turned into a dispensary, the courtyard outand was advised to try to interest some church side was the waiting room for patients and their in undertaking his support. The Presbyterian numerous friends, and Dr. Wanless' small private church of Bryn Mawr, Pa., where John H. Con- bathroom (7 x 8 feet), without a window, became verse was an elder, invited Wanless to speak on the operating theater. Later he secured better, a Sunday morning and the pastor, Dr. William larger quarters in a "glorified chicken coop," with Miller, and his congregation, were so impressed mud walls and mud floor. For months it had been the stamping ground for donkeys. The pawith the young v.olunteer's earnestness and abil- tients slept on mats on the floor, with only such ity that they then and there pledged his support. bedding as they could provide-for the mission- The church had been giving $100 a year to mis- ary had no money for beds or blankets. There sions through the Foreign Board; this was im- were no trained nurses or orderlies; no sterimediately increased to over $2,000 a year and in lizer, x-ray or other modern apparatus. Dr. Wanthe next ten years that church gave over $40,000 less spent his mornings from eight to twelve in to the work. seeing patients and his afternoons and evenings When William Wanless and his bride sailed for in language study. The first year he treated seven India in October, 1889, he was a young man of thousand patients, and in spite of what would twenty-four, whose only medical experience was seem to be very unsanitary conditions and many • See the recent autobiography of Dr. Wanless. entitled "An emergency operative cases, not one surgical death American Doctor at Work in India," published by Fleming H. Revell Co., $1.50. occurred during those trying days.

[290] After two years the mission station was moved lished surgeons in America perform in a month.

to Miraj, a town of 29,000 inhabitants. The Not only is this work self-supporting but most missionaries lived in a traveler's bungalow and of the land, buildings, and equipment have been rented a corner shop in the bazaar for medical given by Indians or have been paid for from the work; it had been a cigarette factory. A com- hospital income-and 75% of the work is done modious room in the rear was used for a waiting free.

room and here they conducted each morning a Think of what the Presbyterian Church, the Gospel service. Dr. Wanless was a skilled phy- people of India, and the Kingdom of God would sician and surgeon, always ready to help suffer- have missed if Dr. Wanless had been rejected as ing humanity and never slighting this phase of his work, but he was first of all a missionary of Christ to sin-sick souls and was ever eager to bear witness to His Lord.

The young missionary's fame soon spread like wildfire. Patients broadcasted the remarkable story of the foreign doctor who cured them of painful and dangerous diseases, while his gentle- ness, his sympathy and his cheering words had given them new courage. Most unbelievable of all, this care and skill were given without charge to those who could not afford to pay. Dr. Wan- less never sought for money and lived a life of self-denying service. The Indians could not un- derstand it. A poor man, Ram Chandra Gark- wad, who had been blind for five years, heard, in his village 300 miles away from Miraj, a blind beggar tell of his recovery of sight through the wonderful doctor who treated poor people with- out charging any fee. Ram Chandra Garkwad went to Miraj and was operated on for cataract.

When the bandage was removed he exclaimed, "I see the ceiling! I see the bed! I see your face! May you live long and have much merit, oh meritorious one!"

"Listen," said Dr. Wanless, "and I will tell you of the One who is the Great Physician, who sent me here to heal the sick, and cure the blind. He it is who is the Light of the world. You need to see this Jesus who heals soul sickness, and who forgives sins and gives life. Believe on Him and follow Him if you would know the secret of WILLIAM Jo WANLESS strength and peace."

In forty years this work at Miraj has grown to a missionary candidate because, forsooth, he had be the largest, most famous and most successful not had a college education, or because the fi- medical mission institution in India. It has now nances of the Board were low. No doubt if Dr.

over fifty buildings, including a medical school, Wanless had settled in America he might have a nurses' training school, a hospital with some had an income of from fifty thousand to a hun- 200 beds, well equipped operating theaters, two dred thousand dollars a year, and yet he lived for leper asylums, a tuberculosis sanitarium, six forty years on a modest missionary salary, turn- branch hospitals, two convalescent homes and a ing all his fees into the work. "Sir," said a Brah- number of residences. Here Dr. Wanless himself man whom Dr. Speer met in a railway carriage had under his care over a million patients-as traveling to Bombay, "I have just come from many people as live in the whole State of Colo- Miraj. I have watched those doctors and it is rado. Here he has restored sight to over 12,000 beyond my understanding that such men, who blind. In one year 70,000 patients were treated might have amassed wealth anywhere, do that in Miraj and 7,000 operations were performed. work for nothing but love and their own bare Dr. Wanless came in contact with a great variety support."

of cases and often performed a larger number of Dr. Wanless' worth was widely recognized. He major operations in a day than many well estab- was several times offered a large salaOry if he

would take charge of the state hospital in Koh- The Christian influence of the doctor was widetapur. The Indian Government recognized hiH spread and was manifested in many directions. services by presenting him with a silver, and later The Maharajah of Kolhapur, who had been a pawith a gold Kaiser-i-Hind medal, and in 1928 tient in the hospital after a severe wound suffered King George made him a Knight Bachelor of the in a hunt, became a devoted friend of Dr. Wan- British Empire. less. In 1919 he issued a r evolutionary order in his realm that showed the result of Christian This Great Heart of western India, who has teaching and example. It read, as literally transbeen called "one of the greatest missionaries of lated: Be informed that at all public buildings, chanty, rest houses, state houses, public government inns, river watering places, public well, etc., no defilement on account of any human being is to be taken into account. Just as in Christian public buildings and as Doctors Wanless and Vail in the American Mission trea t all with the same love, so also here they are to be treated as not esteeming any "unclean."

DR. W ANLESS' FIRlST HOSPITAL D I I NDIA In another address the Maharajah said that he was "trying to make the depressed class feel that modern times," was born near Toronto, Ontario, they were human beings and not beasts. The on May 1, 1865, and died in Glendale, California, selfless work of Dr. Wanless and Dr. Vail is beon March 3, 1933. Impaired health-a slight stroke fore the eyes of the people and has its influence -necessitated his retirement from active service on them. They treat al1 alike-the rich and the in 1928, after thirty-nine years of faithful Christ- poor, the high and the low." like ministry as an Apostle of Healing. He became one of the best loved foreigners in India. The spiritual character and fruits of the work Miraj became a place of pilgrimage and patients are also shown by the fact that when Dr. Wanless heard of his fame and came to him, not only from began his work in Miraj in 1892, there was not all parts of India but from Afghanistan, Bagh- one known Christian in the city. Now, through dad, Africa and even from Europe. In one year the work and words of the growing staff, there is the average distance traveled by patients was a strong, self-supporting Christian Church and over 270 miles. Poor, ignorant Indians, who Christian schools. The greatest single influence naturally feared to trust themselves to a foreign has been that of the Christian physician. He was hakim, would put themselves and their loved ones a humble disciple, with a very real prayer life and entirely in Dr. Wanless' hands saying: "Sahib one who did not neglect his Bible for his medical cut us. Never mind even if we die." journal. He gave the same skillful and kindly Not only did Miraj mission hospital minister A P AR T OF THE PRESBYTE R IAN H OSPITAL AT MIRAJ healing to over a million patients but the medical schools have trained doctors and nurses who have attention to the humblest Indian as to those of gone out to all parts of India on their healing mis- the highest rank. Visitors to his operating room sion. Dr. Wanless not only imparted to them were thrilled to see him at work. "Not a wasted something of his medical and surgical knowledge word or a lost motion," said one. The whole hosand skill but they imbibed his spirit of sympathy pital has been an eloquent example of Christian and learned the secret of his life. Practically all love. of the 200 medical students have gone out as Christian doctors. When Dr. Robert E. Speer "The aim of all our work," said Dr. Wanless, visited the medical school he found that out of "is by service and message to make clear to our 45 young men students, all but three were Christians. One of these young men said: "Perhaps you wonder why we, who speak nine languages, have gathered here from all the provinces of India. Two things have brought us here-Jesus Christ and Dr. Wanless."

THE CHRISTIAN "WIZARD OF INDIA"

patients and to their friends, that Christ, as the they had no more use for them. Placing these on Great Physician to sin-sick souls, is the real the ground, with profound salaams, the father Founder of the institution that helps their physi- pleaded: "Won't you send a teacher to our vilcal needs." lage. We are very ignorant and wish to be taught more of what we learned at the hospital. We One operative case recalled by Dr. Wanless il- have been in trouble. My son's wife died and we lustrates not only the dire need for medical and wished to have a Christian funeral. You taught us about Christ and His way of living but not A BUSY DAY IN THE CONSULTING ROOM about funerals. We just dug a grave and then we prayed: '0 Jesus, Master, have mercy on us.' surgical help in many parts of India but shows And we used your name also. I hope it was not some of the direct and indirect results of medical wrong. We want to be Christians and have mISSIOns. One afternoon a country bullock cart brought our idols to show that we will not wordrove into the compound; a peculiar cloud seemed ship them again. Please send us a teacher." to extend from the rear of the cart and, on nearer view, this proved to be a huge swarm of When Sir William and Lady Wanless were leavfiies attracted by the foul odor from the patient's ing Miraj for America they were feted by many wound. The young man of about eighteen years friends of all classes. At one of these farewells of age was suffering from a mass gangrene of the the doctor was presented with a silver casket in leg which was literally rotten. He had injured which was an inscribed address which read in his toe and, no doctor being available in his dis- part : "You kept before you two ideals-the glory trict, the wound was bound up in a dirty rag; of the Lord whom you serve and the welfare of gangrene was the result. The father, a decrepit suffering humanity. Your name has become a old man, was driving the springless cart. After household word throughout India and in the mediremoving the foul clothing and using plenty of cal profession, a name to conj ure with; your deodorizing antiseptics, the offending member energy, medical skill and organizing power has was amputated and the young man recovered. built up this institution. India needs such doc- While convalescing he not only received good tors and such missionaries." nourishment and kind treatment but spiritual instruction in which the old father participated. Dr. Wanless' own estimate of the worthwhile- Next the doctor fashioned a pair of crutches with ness of medical missionary work is indicated in his small kit of tools and sent the two away, his farewell words spoken in 1925 when he was grateful and happy. about to return to India for his last term. He said: "As one turns his face to the field, after Some months later when Dr. Wanless was in the district where this family resided, the father OPERATI~G, WITH IKDIAN ASSISTANTS AT MIRAJ and son came to pay their respects. They had walked eight miles that morning-the boy on thirty-six years of service, the question naturally crutches, the old father bent with age-and had arises: Is it worth while? Is the work of sufbrought three gifts: a dozen eggs, a live chicken ficient importance to call one to leave home and and the family idols. This food was a gift out family? I can state that it is an unspeakable of their poverty and the idols were a sign that privilege to return to India to do the work that God gave me to do."

No church and no individual could make a better investment than in such a man as Dr. Wan- less-and thi$ is the man that, humanly speaking, was nearly prevented from going to the field be- cause of lack of a college education, and lack of funds in the mission treasury!

On the Madagascar

By the REV. A. M. CHIRGWIN, M.A., London, England Secretary of the London Missionary Society AFTER a few hours' journey by train, I waists, or along eerie edges, where I held my Ii.. stepped into the arms of a missionary breath. In one place the mountain-side was so friend. "Come along," he said, "the serv- steep that the left-hand side of my filanjana was ice has commenced; they are waiting for your more than a foot higher than the right side, and address!" It was all rather breathless, but who I had to hang on grimly. One slip of the bearers can resist a man like that who never spares him- and I should have gone down an almost vertical self? He would not ask for a rest, and I could drop. In certain places I had to get out and was not either. So in three minutes I was in the carried pick-a-back across some swampy bit or crowded· little church and on my feet giving the through a mountain torrent where the bridge affectionate greetings of the "fathers and moth- was broken.

ers" in England, as an introduction to my ad- Along many of the mountain streams grew dress. taro which I had previously associated only with After the meeting there was a hurried Mala- the Pacific. The plant is like a giant arum lily, gasy meal, with sweet potatoes and manioc, and and has tubers, almost as big as one's head, which then we were off for Ambatolampy-a tiny vil- are used by the Malagasy for food, but rarely by lage of some twenty houses tucked away in the Europeans.

great forest belt, in the Bezanozano country. The At last we reached Ambatolampy, a tiny vil- Bezanozano were originally one of the pure Mala- lage of twenty huts and a diminutive church. For gasy tribes, but, like all others, they are now the last year or two the people had had to face intermingling a good deal. a good deal of opposition, not to say persecution.

We had some hours hard traveling by filanjana Poor, ignorant folk, many had been terrified and over the mountains, nearly all the way being were cowed and bewildered. In October, 1929, through coarse, brittle grass that whipped and they received official word sanctioning Christian cut the bearers' legs. I was told that cattle worship in the place. The little church building starve on that coarse grass. There was scarcely is only the usual reed hut, but because this one a tree all the way; just a wilderness of hills, was to be used as a House of God the people had range upon range, crowned here and there with plastered it with mud and had put in a proper a mighty granite monolith an'd a flat altar stone, door and window frames. Not long afterwards a relic of half-forgotten religious rites and other a minor official came along, accused them of cut- old, unhappy, far-off things. On every hand the ting timbers from the forest for the church, and mountains were scarred and ripped with gullies ordered them to pay the usual $95.00 for a new and ravines like blood-red gashes in human flesh. building. Though they asserted that they had not Up and up we went, by narrow winding paths, cut timber, he would not accept their word. The the men sweating and grunting as they toiled on poor folk were terrified. The sum was quite be- in the pitiless sun. The rise became a climb, and yond them, and in their fear of arrest they turned the climb a scramble, all the time at a crawling to their missionary. He took up the case and it pace. The whole panorama was a wilderness of was still under consideration.

torn and tortured marl, heaped up as though by They welcomed us with almost pathetic eager- some giant convulsion. There was no sign of ness, and the little church was soon crowded.

human habitation; it looked a magnificent deso- After we had spoken a few words about courage lation of green-clad mountains, slashed with terra and endurance and the grace of God, they thanked cotta, inhabited by nothing but solitude. Against us again and again, using picturesque Malagasy the sky-line was a saw-edge of bare and silent phrases. Their chief man said, "You have given peaks, gloomy and forbidding in the distance; us a heart of hope and we want you to assure the while a nearer ridge was dark with forest; that fathers and mothers in England that we will not was our destination. give up. We will remain loyal to our faith."

The path led through swirling mountain- These people had been worshippers for only streams, in which the bearers went down to their eighteen months and in that time they had had [294] TRAVELIlING BY FILAJANIA IN MADAGASCAR more than their share of persecution. Their spir- Before we turned in a string of people came to its had been nearly crushed; but they promised be doctored. One woman had lumbago and anto hold out. other, suffering from elephantiasis, had legs as thick and shapeless as bags of flour; one child My missionary companion, a tireless evangel- had ear-trouble; another had worms; one man ist, showed them two or three large Bible pic- had leprosy, another had smashed his hand with tures, and described these in vivid style. He had an axe. . My companion examined them in the the people enthralled, one moment laughing and dark little hut, felt their pulse, looked at their the next holding their breath in expectancy as he tongues by the light of our single candle, made told them the story of the shepherds on the hills up a few simple medicines, gave them instrucof Bethlehem. They drank in his words and made tions and, since they could not read, he made a score of involuntary ejaculations. A new star them say the instructions again and again till was beginning to swim into the ken of these they had them by heart. I watched, knowing that simple, forest folk. I have rarely seen people I was watching the Gospel in action, and was listen so intently. Grown men 1is~ned with the standing on holy ground. The authentic work of wide-eyed wonder of children. I was witnessing Christian missions still goes on, and people are that solemn aI4' wonderful thing, the birth and being gently led into the Kingdom of God in the growth of souls: heart of the Bezanozanoforest.

After the service, in the falling dusk, we went The next morning we were up at dawn, and to a little reed hut where the people brought us off through the forest, stopping at one or two a meal. There were no plates, forks or spoons, sman vi1lages en route. One' of these had a little just enamel dishes and a knife apiece; but we thatched church which was of unusual interest. were thankful. Then the people asked for another In welcoming us the chief man of the place said meeting, so we went again to the little church and that theirs was a memorial church. Years ago, by the light of a single candle, falling upon white a missionary, when he was dying, stopped his lambas and dark faces, we sang and prayed and palanquin at this village and called the folk round spoke together. Our "hotel" that night was a na- him. Struggling for words and breath he raised tive hut from which the family had turned out himself and 'spoke to them for as long as his to make room for us. A reed hut has this advan- strength remained. Then, when his powers ebbed tage, that its many holes and interstices make and his voice failed, his bearers carried him on ventilation easy! In any case we had our camp- to his home but in a day or two he was dead. beds and mosquito nets and we slept well.

The people were greatly impressed that this eager to learn. There was no missionary whom stranger should give his ebbing strength to preach he could consult, but before long he found him- Christ to them. It made the words sink in; they self building a church, and preparing some of his began to enquire further; and today they have employees for church membership. He was in their own church and pastor, and with fitting every sense a shepherd to his people. gratitude they call it "The Memorial Church." On the occasion of our visit the church was On we pressed through the dense and tangled crowded to its utmost capacity and after speakforest. Suddenly we came upon a large clear- ing to the people, we conducted the first baptising and a village of a type which I had not seen mal service that had ever taken place in the vilbefore. The houses were flimsy affairs of split- lage. Then followed a Communion Service, the bamboo and banana-leaves, raised some two or first ever held in that neighborhood. Sixteen peothree feet from the ground like American ple were received into the church in the sight of "frame" houses. The Betsimisaraka people who a hushed and wondering congregation. Seven had occupied them belonged to one of the most primi- once been members in other parts of the island tive pagan tribes in the island. The place was a and the other nine had been brought up in Chrislumber camp owned by a Hova trader who had tian homes; that, with the teaching from the obtained a concession to cut timber in the forest. "merchant-pastor," was deemed enough. They Because they are the best for such heavy work, answered the questions quite creditably and each he had brought a considerable number of men one could read the Bible. None of the Betsimifrom the Betsimisaraka tribe and settled them in saraka were admitted; for they must receive his lumber camp. Though not a church member, further instruction and remain catechumens for he had been brought up in a Christian home and some months more. gradually the conviction grew in him that it was his duty to provide for the religious needs of his It had been hard to find bread for the Compagan work-people. He felt that it would be to munion Service, for they use only rice, but they his disadvantage if they became Christians since found a few bits of broken biscuit. They drink there would then be no work on Sundays. For a only water or bitter black coffee, but they found time he hesitated but soon began to gather such somewhere an old bottle containing a little fruit as cared to come for such Christian instruction juice which, greatly diluted, was used for wine. as he was able to give. The numbers grew; his It was a primitive but a wonderful service. There teaching began to bear fruit; the people were were people taking their first trembling Christian steps in the midst of that clearing in the forest; A TYPICAL VILLAGE SCENE IN MADAGASCAR

PIONEERING ON THE MADAGASCAR UPLANDS

farther back in the church were the catechumens their evening rice. Once I took the heavy pole looking on with awe and wide-eyed wonder. Those and joined the women pounding the rice in the Betsimisaraka people are naturally a little coarse, large wooden mortar. How they laughed, and but there was a stillness that we could almost when I failed to bring the pole down precisely in feel; something like an angel's wing moved over the middle-a feat which every little girl early the hearts of all. There were moments when learns-they would probably talk and laugh about neither my companion nor I could trust ourselves it for days and weeks to come. They are like to speak. We knew that we were gazing with un- children and find endless amusement in little covered eyes upon "the many splendored thing." things. Primitive and ungroomed perhaps, but simple and lovable-of such is the kingdom. The "merchant-pastor," who had prepared him- WHERE A CHURCH HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED IN A MALAGASY VILLAGE self at the same time, was received into the church In the evening we were told of the arrival of side by side with his spiritual children, and that seven people who had been too far away in the little group of seeking folk advanced into the forest to get to the church in time to be baptized. kingdom together. In that clearing in the for- They had tramped for hours, and as there was est, a church was born and we went out with our no knowing when next a missionary would come hearts strangely warmed for the Lord had been that way, they urged that we should baptize them known to us in the breaking of the bread. that night. So in a native hut, by the light of a single flickering flame, we put the water of bap- We wandered round the little village and chat- tism on them. Then we went to the hut in which ted with the friendly people, who laugh light- we were to sleep, talked about the day's doings, heartedly and long at even the smallest thing. We prayed together, and the day of wonder ended, went into their little one-roomed huts and watched but the work continues to bear fruit. them weaving grass mats on the floor or cooking Under Christ's leadership we have come to think of the salvation of society as well as of individuals. If Christ means enough to us we can make Him mean enough to others. If He means enough to a sufficient number of men and women in North America, the entire life of our nation can be changed and the problems that seem too overwhelming can be solved. Such is the faith of missionary workers. Do those who cannot do much proclaiming of the Gospel, live so that the message that their lives proclaim will count in"bringing about the transformation of the world?

I Saw in

A Recent Letter, Written from Berlin By DR. CONRAD HOFFMAN, JR.

Director of Jewish Work, International Missionary Council POLAND is an armed camp. Fear stalks the na, Lwow (Lemberg) and Lodz. A westerner land for Poland is between two evils-Bolshe- cannot imagine the conditions without seeing vism on the east, revengeful Germany on the them. The slums of London and the tenements west. In trains, on the streets, everywhere, the of New York offer no comparison. One mother military is in prominence; and sooner or later with six children, the oldest probably twelve, ofthe power in that military force will demand ac- fered us all of them if only we would take them tion. Virile men will not play indefinitely at war; out of her sight; she could no longer bear the they will demand the real thing. sight of their hungry faces and starving bodies. The family was living in one room-no water, One is aware of a new spirit in the land which no toilets-more like a dilapidated barn than a was not present two years ago. A sense of being rather than becoming exists. human habitation. An 0 the r Pride rather than bravado pre- widow with five children all in vails. Reasoned conviction has Why does fear stalk the one room had sublet part of land in Poland? Here is a replaced the wild exultation that room to an old Jewish and reckless enthusiasm of a graphic picture of conditions couple, to help secure the rent.

few years back. The Poles have in one European country The old man sat on a bench, in settled down to real work; where militarism prevails and a stupor, no work, weak from they are no longer like children hunger.

celebrating a victory. where anti-Semitism flour- Another mother remarked . Anti-Semitism-of which the ishes. Is the situation hope- she loved to go to the Christian Jewish press is full-is largely less? Read what a keen mission center for there she confined to the university cen- Christian observer has to say found friendly faces and clean ters; from these it occasion- of his recent experiences. environment, beautiful songs ally bubbles over to the general What is the hope for Europe? and sunshine; she could for public. Third-class travel by the time being forget the trag- night reveals the absence of edy and sordidness and hope- anti-Jewish discrimination among the travellers lessness of her life. On Friday eve, it was who represent the common people. Orthodox Jews pathetic to see the futile attempts of the more crowd the coaches with their non-Jewish neigh- orthodox to clean up in preparation for the sab- bors, helping each other with their big bundles bath. In a basement room the woman had and baggage of merchandise. scrubbed the floors, -a good many boards of The clericals-certain members of the Catholic which had rotted away exposing the dirt-gunny Church and largely the clergy itself-are behind sack mats were strewn around, a linen sheet- much of the university anti-Semitism; the stu- grayish with dirt-on the table. Her life was a dents being used as pawns to force the Govern- battle against filth and dirt. She complained that ment to do the clericals' bidding. The clergy the kehillah (Jewish Relief) had given them no objected to the recent civil marriage laws and wood this winter and laughed about her children's demanded their suspension. The Government re- delight over their camp visit last summer. Talk fused. The clericals retaliated by fomenting anti- about heroism! We in America complain if we Semitism. The Government replied by withdraw- do not have hot running water at all hours of ing autonomy and extraterritorial rights from the the day, or do not have fresh butter and several universities. The stUdents struck in opposition changes of clothes. It would seem like sacrilege to this action. The Government closed the univer- to talk to these people about the love of God un- sities. And so on, as though it were a game of tag. less one had profoundest conviction and assur- The poor Jews are the scapegoats. They are ance of that love. The miracle is that hope is poor, horribly so. Never have I seen such inde- still alive here. They do believe in God and hope scribable misery as among the poor Jews of Wil- for a better tiine for Israel.

[298]

WHAT I SAW IN POLAND

And then the synagogues! Amazing reminis- Present efforts are so hopelessly inadequate, cences of antiquity and the Orient; living still many of the missionaries so pitifully weak and in Old Testament days and ways. One cannot ofttimes petty! The rabbis I have spoken to are imagine the reality without seeing it. A Chas- so responsive, so genuine. Difficulties there are; sidic renaissance! Little dark rooms jammed full in Lodz missiles were hurled at us as we passed with worshipping Jews. In their prayer-shawls, through the ghettos; the Jews were antagonized greasy with age and wear, some with the fellim by the unfortunate method of approach to them (phylacteries), bobbing up and down in discord- by a local missionary who thinks he is doing a ant prayer; boys squeezed in between and com- good work by thus fomenting trouble. pletely hidden from view. Literally hundreds of Jews in a room so closely packed that when you In provincial towns literally hundreds of Jews push one, the whole room is set in motion. A crowd the Christian churches to hear the visiting squirming mass-the air thick enough to cut. missionary; this in spite of the threats of the And among them some wonderfully fine patri- rabbis. They buy up so much literature that suparchial types with luminous eyes revealing deep plies brought along are quickly exhausted. It is spirituality. I crowded my way in ;-who was I? as though Pentecost were repeating itself. And An American and a Christian! Wonder of won- the Church at home is prejudiced against Jewish ders. The boys stood gaping at me as though I missions because of unfortunate mistakes of the were an American Indian with war paint, feath- past. ers and tomahawk! The old men came eagerly to shake hands. No opposition; no rejection but In Germany anti-Semitism is synonymous with awesome acceptance! A new day! Truly the Protestantism. A feeling of inner spiritual ties harvest is ripe. If only we had the right leader- with Catholicism is growing among German ship, now! Jews, who regard Catholicism as Christian but Protestantism as having sold its soul to the Gov- And then the meetings in the missions. In ernment. Warsaw, two years ago, Jews came in such crowds to hear evangelistic talks, that many were Do you wonder that I am eager, anxious, deturned away. Today similar crowds continue to termined and more convinced than ever of the come, arriving an hour before the meetings. Evi- need of our work? I wish you could have heard dence that the interest was not a momentary the rabbi with whom I spoke this morning. Sinfancy or novelty, but is of lasting power. It is cere, appreciative of Jesus Christ, and of sincere easy to get crowds. What have we to offer! Christians carrying on Jewish missions; recog- nizing Jews who through sincere conviction come I am more convinced than ever that ours is an to a faith in Christ; regarding good-will inadeorganized church responsibility. It is criminal quate and convinced we must grapple honestly to leave the work to unrelated spasmodic indi- with the religious factor and our differences in vidual efforts, effective as these may be. faith and must face the essential fact of faith in God through Jesus Christ.

WAR A SIGN OF WEAKNESS By RAMSAY MACDoNALD, British Prime ll1inister War is a failure, not a triumph, of government. It is a waste of national wealth; so far from securing peace it defeats every influence that makes for the world settlement and world agreement.

The Western Hemisphere may imagine that it can keep out of a European war, but when the war is over, with all its destruction of life and civilization, then there will be smokeless factories in the Western Hemisphere; there will be grain rotting in its fields because the people who were to command labor and use the labor of America will be lying rotting corpses under the ruins of the destroyed buildings of the cities of the East..

War benefits nobody, therefore the British Government and every enlightened government in the world have declared that they will do their best to make war unthinkable and an impossibility.

But I must say this by way of warning-no one country can secure peace. Peace is an international venture. Great Britain cannot disarm whilst other countries are arming. Great Britain cannot trust to security of peace and cooperation and goodwill whilst other countries are pursuing an opposite policy in an opposite spirit. Therefore the question of Geneva is this, do we trust each other enough? Are we going to pursue our problems in the spirit of goodwill and with the determination to cooperate in order to secure peace rather than to arm against each other?

a Million Korean

By the REV. WILLIAM NEWTON BLAIR, D.D., Pyengyang, Korea Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

BEYOND question the stability of the Church depends more on week by week instruction and faithful shepherding than on extraor- dinary revival effort. For this reason in Korea, we lay emphasis above everything else on faithful church attendance throughout the year, and on daily Bible study and prayer, in addition to the larger Bible Study Classes for the instruction of the whole Church.

But, along with the regular program we have found that it is exceedingly helpful to have spe- cial revival seasons and an occasional program of evangelistic effort that will capture the imagi- nation and enlist the enthusiastic cooperation of the whole Church.

Practically everyone of the Presbyterian churches has an effective revival meeting at least once a year in connection with an annual Bible Class. As far as possible all the members of the Church lay aside their ordinary work and spend one week, from early morning until late at night in prayer and Bible study and in a special effort to reach the unsaved.

At different times in the past, the whole Church has been strengthened as the result of revivals that have come either spontaneously or as the result of definite planning and prayer. The Spirit of God evidently works both ways; sometimes like a sudden rushing of a mighty wind that blow- eth as it listeth, but more often as the quiet, steady breathing, in season and out of season.

Life is in the seed that is broadcast with care and a harvest follows the definite preparation of FORWARD MOVEMENT POST'ER, ANNOUNCING THE soil. SEVEN POINT PROGRAM For two years the Presbyterian and Methodist 1. Oct. 16 to Nov. 26; for six weeks in every church churches, which compose more than nine-tenths the study of a booklet on "How To Bring Men To Christ" of the Protestant force of Korea, have been fol- prepared by Mr. M. B. Stokes, a Southern MethQdist mislowing a common revival program and it is to sionary of unusual evangelist experience and spirit. last one year longer. These two denominations are working side by side in cooperative effort, 2. Nov. 27; "Decision Day" throughout Korea, when each in its own territory, and are carrying for- every Christian was asked to decide upon three nonChris- tian friends for whose conversion he would wQrk and pray.

ward the present evangelistic campaign each in 3. From Dec. 1 till spring, each church was asked to its own way. The main features of the program hold an evangelistic service every Sunday evening and to were decided upon in conference by the revival especially invite nonChristians to attend. committees of the two churches. This year we are following a common schedule of dates and 4. Late in December, the distribution to every home in activities and especially prepared literature. The Korea as far as possible of a short "Life of Christ" as a seven point program, is now being carried out Christmas gift from the church. throughout Korea: 5. The organization of "Follow-Up" bands of volunteer workers to visit each church and in conjunction with the members of the church to call Qn all who have received [300] A PRES BYTER,IA N PYEN GYANG BIBLE CLA SS FOR COUNTRY W OME N the "Life of Christ" booklets; holding revival services in veal the total result of this country-wide distributhe evening, special effort being made to sell copies of the tion of God's Word. The books were gratefully Gospels in connection with these meetings. received and are being read everywhere.

6. Each church in the country to have at least one week The largest Bible Study Class ever held has of revival services sometime during the year. just been held in Pyengyang, where 950 women studied for one week. So many women attend 7. Continued and earnest prayer throughout the Church that it is necessary to divide the class and hold for God's blessing on the campaign. one especially for country women. They enrolled 1,200 last year and the attendance is over 1,700 This program is being carried out in over 3,000 this year. Each of the six main divisions in this Presbyterian and Methodist churches. While it class has to be subdivided several times, and the is too early yet to determine the permanent re- groups meet in three school buildings during the sults, we know .that evangelistic effort has been day. Three large chapel rooms are crowded at increased many fold and that large numbers of five-thirty each morning for the early prayer new believers have already come and are still services and at night two thousand women ascoming into the churches everywhere. semble in the West Gate Church. Men are not invited because there is no room for them. The "Life of Christ" booklets are made up of selections from the Gospels (largely from Mark), Nearly all of the fifty churches in my own field put together in seven chapters, with verse num- report a large increase in attendance. As one bers and references omitted. One million four result seven of the fifty churches are planning to hundred thousand copies of this booklet were erect larger buildings this spring. These days of printed and carefully distributed by individual world-wide disturbance have brought continued Christian workers, one copy each to non-Chris- blessing to Korea. We suffer greatly from finantian homes, with an explanation of the purpose cial depression and unrest and ominous clouds and spirit of the gift and an invitation to become darken the horizon but the Church of Christ con- tinues to move steadily forwarcf. a Christian.* The Judgment Day alone will re- • The Scr ipture Gift Mission of Engl a nd , provided for 2p2ou0~0d0s0, copies ot the " Life of Ch ris,t" hy a g ift of one hundred The r emain ing 1,118,000 copies were paid tor by the various mis- sions and Individual missionaries and the Korean churches.

HOW THE GOSPEL SPREADS IN CHOSEN of Jesus and she knew not who He was or what When the Rev. Harry J. Hill, of Pyengyang, believing in Him meant. But she began to inquire Korea, set out on an evangelistic trip to visit the district of Koksan, away in the mountains, a few of others in the village. Some thought her crazy, of the items that made up the load he took along are :-army cot, bedding freshly covered others had heard the Name but knew only that to stand hard usage (it goes pony back part of the way), wash bowl, cooking utensils, eating the worship was opposed to evil spirits and would utensils, sufficient food to last for two and a half weeks two meals a day (Korean food one meal a bring down the wrath of the village demons! In day se~ms to be as much as he can keep well on) ; grape Jelly enough to make into communion wine spite of much reviling she persisted in her search for all the groups to be visited, for every service closes with the Lord's Supper; tracts and por- and finally found a family who six years before tions of Scripture, church rolls, water bottle needed clothing, Bible-study outlines, Korean and had moved to this valley from a neighborhood English Bibles and hymn book, etc. where there was a "Jesus church." They had at- One group of Christians who were visited on this first trip is interesting. The first we heard of tended services, bought a Bible and hymn book, them from a colporteur and later more details came from the "saxi" (young woman) who fig- and had realized that it was "good to believe in ures most in the story. Cha Yong Wha, eighteen years old, grew up in a very isolated village, Jesus." In the intervening years in a heathen that was zealous in demon worship. A year or so ago she and her sister were taken sick with some community they had forgotten much and drifted strange disease, and tried in vain to appease the village demons. Years before, when she was a away from that beginning of faith. The girl's mere child, Cha Yong Wha had heard her uncle, not a Christian himself, tell of someone who had inquiries, "Who is this Jesus?" "How does one been healed of this same disease by believing in Jesus. This was the only time she had ever heard believe in Him?" stirred them up and they brought out the Bible and shared with the eager inquirer that precious Word of Life. It was sug- gested that they worship together regularly. It was not long before the girl and her sister both recovered.

Then, in the providence of God, the colporteur- evangelist came to this village with his pack of Bibles and Gospels and the love of Jesus in his heart. He was entertained at Chang Yong Wha's house. As a result members of seven families have accepted Christ and another lighthouse is "holding forth the Word of Life." Yong Wha came down to Pyengyang to study for a month in the Bible Institute. MARY HILL.

SOME IDEAS OF KOREAN YOUTH I aMlnodndrAeaTh~ghgrlO~oKvuUepSn. .omTfghwMaiedt~eot-lha~ewoWaglkFenen~tlyedora,unnsSwgeeormsuelo.nf, Tmhe~l~rbeartstenotfiothneisSogoivPeynotoKyao English Bible sCulbajsse~tKso-reeca~nmomeiects ever ' wide range of socii!

r01n e orea Ulswn w . thIS group will prove of interest to all Christian workers -Rep'rinted .

THE KIND OF A PASTOR KOREAN YOUNG A YOUNG MAN AS A GOOD CHURCH PEOPLE WISH MEMBER 1. A pastor who has the experience of the living 1. He must be a regular church attendant. Christ. 2. Cooperate with his pastor in order to build the 2. One who knows the needs of young people and best church. can answer them. 3. He must be liberal in financial help and generous 3. One who is a devout, faithful follower of Christ. in dealing with faults. 4. A man of Christlike love and sympathetic unde,r- 4. He must be willing to work with others in hu- standing. mility. 5. One who realizes the need of good books and 5. He must have faith in and loyalty to Jesus Christ who is willing to sacrifice in order to get and a personal experience of Him. them. 6. One who knows modern social and economic prob- 6. He must fulfil obligations assigned to him. lems and who is trying to find some way to solve them. 7. He must read the Bible, pray and study the mean- 7. One who maintains a proper balance between the ing of spiritual things. old tradition and modern ways. 8. One who has good health, a commanding presence 8. He must realize the importance of the Church as and a good voice. an organization to fight evil. 9. One who can lead others to Christ. 10. Tho:ugh a man of high ideals he must be prac- 9. He must have the missionary spirit and a loving tlCal and able to work out these ideals in attitude towards non-Christians in order to every day life, not merely seeing the im- lead them to Christ. portance of the future life hut also of the here and now. 10. He must practice following our LOl'd's words.

or Victory in India?*

By the REV. J. F. EDWARDS, Poona, India Editor of the Dnyanodaya, a Union Christian Weekly THE spirit of defeatism that seems to prevail to create the situation, while at the same time a in some quarters regarding the missionary great challenge arises for Christian Missions to situation in India, has various possible ex- buy up this opportunity for the Kingdom of planations. It probably arises in some quarters Christ. India's far-reaching religious revolution owing to the series of financial "cuts" to which brings a twofold challenge to Christian Missions the work and the workers have been subjected. -from Indian Christianity on the one hand and In some cases it is probably due to the political from Indian nationality on the other. In both obsession regarding the land's political destiny. these realms, Indian Christianity and Indian Pa- With others it may be traceable to the ,fact that triotism, let us see what has been done and how criticism of missionaries and the Christian to accomplish what still remains to be done.

Church has become much more vocal in recent India's Pentecost Without Parallel years, a situation which is much healthier than when opinion is repressed. But whatever the rea- The Christian achievements of the past decade son for the spirit of defeatism in so many Chris- in India give cause for ecstatic praise. Before the tian quarters regarding India, we are certain this last Indian census was taken the present writer spirit is utterly unjustifiable and we present a ventured to predict, on the basis of published few facts showing how unjustifiable it is. facts, that the census figures would reveal that We missionaries and Indian Christian leaders during the previous ten years there had been ten are so absorbed in the daily round of duty that thousand new converts won for Christ every the dust of the conflict is in danger of blinding us month. The 1931 census figures return over six to the astonishing progress of the cause of Jesus and a quarter millions of Christians, the exact Christ in India. Weare really taking part in one figures being 6,296,763. This means that well of the biggest situations, if not the biggest situa- over a million and a quarter were won for Christ tion of all, in the history of Christendom. Three during the decade, or more than 150,000 a year, or revolutions are going on simultaneously in India, more than twelve thousand every month. The calculated to affect India's whole future, namely, intensive process leads one to expect a great ac- the political revolution, the social and religious celeration in the rate of increase, and our great revolution that is convulsing Indian society to its concern must never be for numbers but always depths, and the revolution concerning the basic for spiritual quality. At the same time it is "as ideals and methods of Christian Missions. The unwise to ignore numbers as to over-emphasize first and second we do not propose to discuss, them." When we remember that the percentage save to say that we agree with Mr. J. Coatman's of increase among Hindus was only 10.4 and that observation that "dogmatism in Indian political among Moslems only 13 per cent, while the Chris- affairs requires ignorance, more or less complete, tian rate of increase was 32.5, truly there is as its basis." "amazing ground for thanksgiving." This in- The Challenge of Indian Christianity crease, be it remembered, was maintained through ten of the stormiest years India has known.

India's religious revolution brings us face to Over twelve thousand won for Jesus Christ face with one of the very greatest Christian situa- every month during such a decade, means that tions in history. "Here is the opportunity, prayed Indian Christianity is passing through a veritable for, for more than a century," says the Indian Pentecost, for which history itself provides no Bishop of Dornakal, regarding one aspect of the parallel. The success of Christian Missions in revolution, the caste movement in South India. India has been so striking that we shall need far "Should we allow a passing financial depression more convincing reasons than have thus far been to come in the way of our obeying these calls?" assigned by any Commission to lead us to believe This unique situation presents untold encourage- that missionary aims and methods need the radi- ment to Christian Missions, for these have helped cal alteration suggested by the Report of the Ap- * Abbreviated, from the Dnyan@daya, February 23, 1933. praisers. Let it not be forgotten that in recent [303]

years there has been on the one hand such a grow- mate interviews, Dr~Jones was assured that when ing insistence on the importance of genuine and India comes to adopt the Ceylon practice of new enduring missionary work, and on the other hand converts remaining in their own homes, there will such a constant process of readjustment and adap- in all probability be a very great increase in the tation to new conditions, that one of the most number of confessed disciples of Jesus Christ who observant of editors, among those whom we call now are doing their Christian praying in secret. non-Christian, has stated that no other organiza- So widely and so profoundly is Christ revered that tion he knew was so honest with itself and so con- reliable judges affirm all such barriers to an open stantly and thoroughly introspective as to its confession in domestic circles may be removed methods as was the organization of Christian Mis- within twenty-five years. sions. Christ and Indian Students Indian Christianity, however, cannot be fully measured by its six and a quarter millions of pro- Among Indian students the uniqueness of Jesus fessed adherents. Just as neither Joseph of Christ is so increasingly believed that, as one Arimathea nor Nicodemus was numbered among thoughtful student expressed it, there is a growthe open disciples of Jesus during His days on ing dislike to allow His Name to be mixed up with earth, but were the two who remained near Him current political controversy, with communalism to the end to bury the Crucified Lord, so in India or with communism. The students connected with today there are large numbers who daily read the the Hindu university of the most sacred city of Bible and pray to Christ in secret. Indeed we Hinduism made a request to the Hindu Principal believe that the number of these exceeds the num- that Dr. Jones be invited to give a lecture under ber of those returned as Christians in the census. the university auspices and on its premises. The Some criticisms give the impression that Chris- Hindu principal not only granted their request tian missionaries in India not only report all their but said that he himself would preside. At the success, but are in danger of magnifying them. close of Dr. Jones' lecture on the value and power There are facts in our possession, as doubtless of Christ for India the principal stated that he there are in the possession of Christian editors in could not claim the chairman's usual privilege of other parts of India, showing that some of the differing from the lecturer, "For," said he with most important results of Christian work are pur- emphasis, "what Dr. Jones has been saying is calposely withheld from the public press and from culated to help us greatly." This emphatic remark missionary reports. In one center alone we know of the Hindu chairman was of special significance of three baptisms from highborn Indian families, in light of the fact that the All-India Inter-Uniand on each occasion we were urged not to pub- versity Debate had been held shortly before in lish a word on the subject. Benares on the subject: "In the opinion of this House, religion is a great obstacle to the develop- Jesus Christ in India's Heart ment of a healthy and vigorous growth of Indian nationalism, hence it should be abolished." Such There is an increasing amount of striking evi- a debate had shown what is the growing attitude dence of the fact that all over India Jesus Christ of Indian students to the ancestral religions of the is winning His way into the Indian mind and heart. This is the testimony of Dr. Stanley Jones land. as the result of his recent visits to a number of One of our British missionary readers, well the chief Indian centers. In every place he presented Jesus Christ as the one and only Hope of known everywhere in Wetsern India, writes to Asia and he had an astonishingly encouraging say: "What a pitiful thing it seems to us who are response to his definite appeals for surrender to close up to the facts that a Commission of Chris- Christ as the only Saviour from sin. Many of these tian men (and women) should agree to issue lectures were attended by some of the most distin- statements that would deprive us of any justificaguished Indians in the land. It is our growing tion for being in India at all. What a glorious conviction that large numbers of educated people privilege to be singing and preaching the Gospel in every part of India secretly regard themselves as we are doing here to numbers who are listenas followers of Jesus Christ and live as conscien- ing as I have never known Indian audiences to tious a life of prayer to Him as do His openly pro- listen before." The writer of those words has fessed disciples. In one province alone, numbers won the right to speak by the fact that he has of Indian officials are so classified, In many inti- been working in Western India villages for nearly forty years.

Pastors Discuss

By the REV. HUGH VERNON WHITE, D.D., Boston, Mass.

Secretary of Education, American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions T HE value of the round table discussion con- ever questions members of the group may pro- sists chiefly in the fact that, when success- pose, will usually result in aimlessness. fully carried out, it constitutes real group thinking. My own experience during the past two 3. The leader should be able, after one or two years has convinced me that such discussion is of points have been made in his introductory ad,.. much greater value than formal public addresses. dress, to admit interruptions in the form of re- There is a degree of passivity on the part of those sponse to his statements. If these responses are to the point they usually lead on to things the who listen to a speech. The psychology of the leader wishes to bring out. If much of what he round table is different; each planned to say can come out in member of the group may be, open discussion it is better than and many do in fact become, The human leadership of to give it in a continuous adact i v e participants in the each church rests, or should dress. thinking that is going on. In rest, with the pastor. If he is the give and take of discussion a man of low spiritual life, 4. The genuineness of this ideas are explored, deeper little education, or narrow process depends u po n the meanings are developed, and vision, his congregation will leader keeping an open mind formulated difficulties come to naturally be of the same cal~ and letting the group really expression and often find solu- pibreier.st!' "LIfikhee ispteroupllye, a mliakne develop the thought with him. of God, with a vital Christian If he has any axe to grind, any tion. message, the gift of leadership Coming from the pastorate and a heart and vision that special pleading to make, or reaches out to all in need, any dogmatic barriers to new and being plunged into the cur- then his church will not only ideas, the discussion may derent thought regarding foreign grow in numbers and charac~ velop into an argument or demissions, I have been aston- ter but his congregation will bate but will not be creative. ished to find how vitally for- be a working force for the eign missions are integrated osathlvearsti.onReaanddwhenatliDstmr. eWnthiotef There are new ideas emerginto all aspects of Christian and Dr. McAfee say about ing in r~Iigion. On the mis- how pastors respond to the sion field these ideas are rethought and living. A free dis- responsibility for arousing cussion with ministers makes missionary interest in their ceiving their most clear-cut this apparent and tends to give and concrete formulation. A them a sense of the reality and churches. forum on foreign missions may intimacy of missions as a part be the most vital point in our of their own Christian service. church life for clear thinking, for the deepening of spiritual They come to see that no es- life and the creation of a gensential problem confronts the uinely evangelical spirit. But foreign missionary which does not in some form such a forum must keep close to realities and be confront the minister in his parish. unafraid of clear and critical thinking.

Some factors in the successful conduct of group I have found that, starting with the same body discussion are important to its greatest value: of thought and encouraging a free criticism and 1. The leader must have clear in his own mind discussion, no two groups go in exactly the same the points or ideas he wishes to have considered, direction. There are certain main points that and be able to present them freely and informally. usually come up for further consideration, but 2. General discussion should be preceded by new ideas and new slants on old ideas are always the leader's presentation of a body of thought appearing. I am convinced that one of our great- which will constitute the focus and point of de- est needs today is clear doctrinal thinking. This parture for what follows. The mere stating of is peculiarly the case as regards foreign misquestions by the leader, or entertaining of what- sions. It happens that I hold a thoroughly lib- [305]

eral point of view and present the concept and to do less. I find no serious question in these validity of foreign missions upon that basis. I groups regarding the Jerusalem statement: "Our have not found that theological liberalism and Message is Jesus Christ." boldness tend to lessen interest in missions. Indeed, for many, it alone can sustain that interest. 3. There is some question about the collateral methods of our work, especially the increased But, whether liberal or conservative, the min- complexity of our program. A number of these isterial leaders of our churches need to think conferences revealed a confusion of mind about through the relation of missionary effort to the the vast range of missionary institutions and procentral principle and the motivating spirit of our grams. There seems a very general feeling that Christian faith. The human appeal and the dra- the evangelistic or direct appeal ought to be inmatic presentation of missionary work are indis- creased. pensable for the church at large. But strong conviction based on clear thinking is needed for 4. There is some inquiry about the ability of vigorous support of missions from the pulpit. the Nationals on the mission fields to take over Intimate discussion with groups of ministers the work. This seems especially to apply to those from five to fifty furnishes about the best stimu- who know the older fields and wonder whether lus to this clarification of thought and conviction the time has not come for the transfer of much that I know. Incidentally it is a vastly interest- of the responsibility to the Nationals. Few of the ing and rewarding experience for the secretary groups seem to know how much of this is being who leads it. done; others fail to realize how vast is the field left for the National Church if it is turned over Impressions from Pastors and Elders to them and they need to see how devolution leaves abundant tasks for the missionary force. By the REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D.D., New York 5. There is some discussion about the possi- Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian bility of effective cooperation on the field among Church, U. S. A. Christian forces with divergent beliefs. It ap- years that confidence in cooperation plans is not My experience in conferences of pastors and uniform. Some wish cooperation pushed much elders has been varied. I have learned that it is farther and would welcome the absorption of debetter to weigh opinions than to count the people nominational administration into an interdenomiwho are there. With that in mind let me put national agency. Others are strongly opposed to down a few impressions. anything of the kind. It is on the whole the most confused single item of my conferences. 1. There seems little question in the groups which I have met about the fundamental duty of 6. Criticism of missionary personnel is for the foreign missions. This is taken for granted, and most part resented. This is always accompanied an increased knowledge of the world has not by a recognition that there are faulty missionraised in the minds of those who come to such aries, as there are faulty workers at home, and conferences any question about the duty of mak- that various tests applied to missionaries might ing Christ known everywhere. reveal various levels of attainment. There is an almost universal assertion, however, that the mis- 2. There seems little question about the funda- sIonary force is the best selected and the most mental message to be given. Some of the people effective in our entire Christian enterprise. present feel that we ought to do more in the application of our faith and some think we ought A LAYMEN'S VIEW OF LEADERSHIP The world is not going to be stormed into religiousness; but it may be shepherded there. Let individual pastors become dominated by the conviction that they are the Church's real leaders-endowed with the Spirit; ordained by the Church and commissioned by God-and they will slough off the "inferiority complex" which makes them so docile and deferential toward professional "leaders," who are leading nowhere. One definite remedy for the present inertia in Christian activity would be to declare a moratorium for a few years upon professional "leadership." Suppose every church and clergyman should decide to ignore the very existence of all the super-salaried secretaries and causes and organizations and "movements"-outside of the normal denominational life- and devote themselves wholly to aggressive activity in their own local fields.

Would not the result be a new sense of dignity and responsibility and power for every pastor; who would then know that whatever leadership in religion comes to his community is dependent upon him and his fellow ministers, as led by the Spirit of God? In a word, the Church already has leaders, except where the shepherds have become sheep. Once let them reRum<> th<> pastoral Rtaff and the Church will soon be able to exult, in the words of Deborah's song': "For that the leaders took the lead in Israel, For that the people offered themselves willingly, Bless ye Jehovah." -Willimn T. Ellis, LL.D.

New Lessons in

i By PROF. KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE, -..~ I New Haven, Conn.

Author of "The History of Christian Missions in China"

W ORKING as they are in the midst of a To be sure, the picture is far from being en- rapidly changing world, Christian mis- tirely dark. Any of us can cite enough splendid sions must repeatedly make readjust- exceptions and point to sufficient evidences of ments in their policies and programs. Almost progress to make us all thank God and take cour- inevitably so widespread a movement tends to be- age. It is probably, however, that our gravest come institutionalized and, as a whole, to lag problems lie in these young Christian communisomewhat behind the march of events. While we ties.

vigorously dissent from some of the basic ideas The problems are serious because the continu- and findings of "Re-Thinking Missions," the fact ing witness to the Christian Gospel in India, Bur- remains that the volume contains s'uggestions ma, China and Japan, as in the United States, which may be of real help to the missionary enter- must be found in some kind of forward moving prise. The Laymen's Inquiry and its Commission Christian community. From the beginning of the on Appraisal have done a great service in urging modern Protestant missionary movement declara- on the Protestant Church the importance of fac- tions have been repeatedly made that the task of ing certain specific situations and problems and in the missionary is in part to make himself unneces- suggesting possible solutions. To be sure, they sary. We have said almost ad nauseam that the have brought forward very little that was not foreign mission boards must seek to bring into previously known to those familar with the facts. existence self-governing, self-supporting and self- The very absence of novelty in most of the defects propagating churches. Often it has been insisted pointed out and the solutions proposed, makes it that these churches need not, and should not be particularly imperative that we take heed to the exact reproductions of their parents in the West, findings so frankly put forward. If we seek to but that in each land followers of Christ should dodge any of the issues raised on the ground that so make the Gospel their own that, while remain- we have long been aware of them or cannot en- ing in spiritual fellowship with the Church unitirely agree with the form in which they have versal, they should express their faith in institu- been phrased, the enterprise for which we are tions adapted to the needs of their particular trustees may suffer harm. communities.

In the judgment of the present writer, the most Nor has the dream failed of some degree of sobering of the criticisms are those which are realization. In each of the lands visited the Apmade of the younger churches which the mission- praisers found noble Christian lives and many ary enterprise has helped to found on the mission congregations and groups of congregations which fields. The weakness which the perpetuation of for vitality, awareness of the needs of the comsectarian differences has brought about; the fail- munities around them, and active attempts to ure of some of these churches to win the younger meet those needs, will stand comparison with ingeneration and even to hold many of the children dividual sister Christian communities in the West. of their own members; their perpetuation of imported foreign expressions of their faith in hym- Yet the fact remains that in the main forms of nology, order of service and architecture; the piti- missionary activity we have come short of our fully weak character of so much of the theological professed goal in assisting to establish what we education; the appalling failure in numbers of have chosen to call "indigenous churches." Traregions to attract and hold in the Christian min- ditionally, the chief channels through which Protistry any considerable proportion of the ablest of estant missions have sought to serve the peoples the Christian youth; and the paralysis and para- to whom they have gone have been schools, medisitism wrought in so many congregations by the cine, literature, and what in its largest implicaunwise dependence on foreign financial subsidies tions we have termed evangelism. In education -these defects are all too familiar to those who and medicine. we have made outstanding contribuhave been intimately in touch with the work of the tions. In India, Burma, China and Japan, as in other lands, mission schools have played a large Church abroad. part in introducing Western education and in [307]

moulding the new educational systems. In some nearly adapted to local needs and with the com- of these countries, notable China, the missionary bination or elimination of many existing institu- physician has been largely responsible for the tions.

emergence of a modern, scientifically trained med- In the third place, we must deal more realisti- ical profession. In literature, the missionary has cally and persistently with the problem of the type made notable contributions, particularly in the of professional leadership which will both bring very early days. In the translation and distribu- the vision and training required by the churches tion of the Bible, he continues to fill an important and whose financial support can be compassed by function. For centuries to come, China, Japan, the Christian communities without foreign finan- India and Africa will be profoundly different be- cial assistance. This is one of the most perplexing cause of the presence of the missionary in the days problems of all and the resulting pastoral institu- of the coming of Western culture. Yet in all three tion may prove very different from that to which of these functions the place of the missionary is we have been traditionally accustomed in the Oc- transient. In general education, in medicine and cident. Fortunately experiments in this direction in literature, the institutions established by him have been made in several fields, some of them are decreasingly prominent. At a pioneer of these over the course of many years, and a few of them phases of Occidental civilization he has performed with considerable success.

an immense service. In all of them he still has a In the fourth place, we must deal more intelli- place, but this, while important, seems destined to gently and heroically with the use of foreign funds be decreasingly so. In India, China and Japan we than we have yet done in all but a fraction of the have reached the stage, in some regions years ago, area which we have sought to cover. This will in which the "indigenous" churches must bear undoubtedly mean the cutting off of many sub- most of the brunt of continuing and strengthening sidies (usually a wholesome deflation).

the Christian witness in the life of the nation. It In the last place, and always, we must seek to is precisely in nourishing such communities that remember that no mechanics or institution, no we seem to have been least successful. matter how intelligently devised, can be a substi- . What, then, shall we do? First of all we must tute for life-the life which is the fruit of the concentrate more on the task of reenforcing these Spirit. If that life is to be realized we must, as ongoing Christian communities. In these days of the Laymen's Commission has rightly reminded declining and stationary incomes and missionary us, seek to appoint as missionaries only those who staffs, we must sacrifice first those institutions have found its secret and give promise of trans- which contribute least to the achievement of this mitting it. For the next few years financial lim- goal. Among these will be many of our schools, itations will probably prevent us from sending where the proportion of the student body which is out as many missionaries as often as in the past.

Christian is very small and where the positive con- We must see that those who go are the very best, tribution to the production of Christian character, the most spiritually alive, and that they have been is slight. given an opportunity to obtain the finest prepara- In the next place, we must face courageously tion possible. Such individuals can come only the problem of indigenous Christian leadership. from a church which has rising within it springs This will mean the complete reorganization of of Life. By repentance, faith and devoted love most of our theological and training school educa- each of us must seek to make it possible for God tion, with experimentation in curriculums more to produce that life in American Christianity.

SIX MISSIONARY BEATITUDES Blessed are missionaries of the Gospel, for to them is given the promise of the pres- ence of Christ (Matthew 28: 19, 20) !

Blessed are the sowers of the Word of God, for they shall abundantly rejoice (Psalm 126: 6) !

Blessed are those who turn many to righteousness, for they shall shine forever (Dan- iel 12: 3) !

Blessed are they who spend themselves in helpful service amongst the needy brethren of our Lord, for they shall have the benediction of the King (Matthew 25: 34-36) !

Blessed are those who give to help forward the Kingdom of God, for these have the approval of the Saviour (Acts 20: 35) !

Blessed are they who give up loved ones for the service of Christ, for they shall have eternal compensations (Matthew 19: 29) ! -Record of Christian Work. By the REV. ERNEST E. TUCK, New York -~ Associate Secretary, Board of Foreign Missions, Methodist Episcopal Church It is not too much to say that upon the quality of per- those great personalities who have sacrificed and sonnel, far more than upon any other factor, depends the pioneered to bring in this new day. But his revreal and permanent success of the missionary enterprise. erence for these great souls who have made his … The history of Protestant missions is a story of the work possible must not bind him to the past in influence of personality upon individuals and communi- his methods of work nor in his attitudes. His ties.-Re-Thinking Missions. face is toward the future and he must live his life in each new day that dawns. THIS has always been so. Christianity began with the impact of one Man upon other men What then are some of the requirements for and we define Christianity in terms of the this missionary of the future? Many of them are life and teachings of this Son of Man-Jesus not new and the mention of them here only em- Christ. The missionary enterprise is the passing phasizes their importance. Some distinctly new on, through human personalities, of His influence emphases, however, belong to this new day. with all of its implications for individual and so- cial conduct. Every true disciple of this match- In the first place, the missionary of tomorrow less Person must inevitably be a transmitter of must have an increasingly intelligent understandthe power and beauty and standards of His life. ing of what the Christian message really is, and But some have been especially set aside and "com- all that it implies. He will know that it is not missioned" by the Church of Christ to be the something set in a fixed mould, like cement. It interpreters of His life and Gospel to people of is a living, personal experience that grows with other lands. We have come to call them foreign the expanding knowledge that comes from God missionaries. What an amazing list of names Himself. He must know where are to be found could be assembled of the great missionaries of those spiritual fountains that give life and he will the Church from the earliest days until now! drink from them deeply and often. His message But men are saying today that we have come to will be expressed in an active "loyalty to Jesus the end of another epoch in this glorious enter- Christ regarded as the perfect revelation of God prise and that we have already entered upon the and the only Way by which men can reach a satisnew day. fying experience of Him."

A new spirit of freedom, a wholesome emphasis In the second place the future missionary of on the worth of human personality and a demand Christ will, in a very real sense, be a creative for greater equality in human rights and oppor- personality with an abiding and sustaining faith tunities for all men are everywhere apparent. in the ultimate triumph of the spirit of Christ in Furthermore, our world has been rapidly changed the world. He will so live his way into the hearts into an "apartment house world" where we hear of the people whom he goes to serve that all their the neighbors' radio in Paris or Rome or London human relationships will be enriched and blessed or Shanghai or Geneva or Manila, and it is some- through the years. He will take situations as he times disturbing to our peace and quiet. But dis- finds them and so help to transform those human turbing or not such is our world. It is a world situations as to create a new and better world. of human relationships and not a world of earth He will be willing to experiment, to venture, to and sea and sky. In many lands a vigorous young abandon old methods and plans when they have church has arisen and it has produced some great been proved inadequate.

souls who have a genuine contribution to make to Third, the missionary of the future will have Christian thought and life. In view of all this the capacity for growth. Professor Oscar M. Buck men are rightfully asking what the future mis- recently declared that great missionaries are sionary must be, what kind of men and women grown not made. True, and the capacity for must the Church commission to "go and make growth is a prerequisite. Conditions of work in disciples of all the nations." many lands today make the growing of great mis- sionaries difficult, but the creative, understanding The missionary of the future cannot ignore the missionary will soon recognize those unsatisfacmissionary of the past. He owes too much to [309] tory conditions and will so set about changing mission, the missionary dare not go into the them that in the very process he himself will future. grow and help others to grow through the sunshine and warmth of his own and his Master's In speaking of the missionary of the future radiant personality. The missionary that has lost we have enumerated qualities which are found in the ability to grow spiritually, to grow in under- the lives of many missionaries who are today standing and sympathy, to grow intellectually exemplifying these qualities. These choice men has no rightful place in that company of men and and women of the present missionary force will women who venture forth to reveal to men of be the first to recognize that every worthy enterother lands, the spirit and power of Christ. If a prise in modern life is increasingly demanding missionary allows himself to settle down to a abler, more consecrated men and women to carry deadening daily routine and lose all consciousness it forward; they know better than any of us "that of the movements of life about him; if he allows upon the quality of personnel, far more than upon the assigned tasks to overwhelm him and destroy any other factor, depends the real and permanent the fine enthusiasms he once had for the inter- success of the missionary enterprise." The mispretation and evidencing of the values of the sionary of the future has received a great herit- Christian way of life; if he does not know that age from the missionary of the past. all about him are new and awakening forces and agencies for the enrichment of life; if he falls CHRISTIAN STEWARDSHIP into the pit of mere mechanical making of reports, holding of stated meetings and crowding his days Principles full with many activities, then he has lost the 1. GOD is the OWNER of ALL capacity for growth. 2. MAN is the STEWARD of what he POSSES- The personal relationship and attitudes of the SES missionary of the future will be even more im- 3. GOD requires ACKNOWLEDGMENT portant than before. He must exemplify the spirit of Christian brotherhood not only with his fellow Intelligent One's self missionaries but with his fellow men of other GIVING of Service races, colors and conditions. He cannot be a Cheerful cause of friction .and misunderstanding. In these { Substance days national sensitiveness as to personal rela- By { Systematic tionships and attitudes is sometimes even unrea- Proportionate sonable, so that it is particularly important that the missionary shall be able to enter sympathet- LSacrificial ically into the experience of others. Regardless of race or position personal interests cannot be Me,thods served first. He must strive truly to represent Of your income his Master who came not to be ministered unto but to minister. He will constantly seek to under- Keep a Strict Account Of your expenses stand the universal human emotions and aspira- { Of your gifts tions so that he can enter fully into the deepest human experiences of those whom he seeks to A definite proportion Separate unto the Lord The first-fruits serve. Other essential qualities in the missionary of {At least one-tenth Christian living the future occur immediately to one familiar with missionary service today. The necessity for an Use the Remainder in Christian thrift effective prayer life is not a quality apart from { Christian service the others; an intelligent understanding of the Christian message, a creative. personality, the ca- FINANCIAL Effects pacity for growth, and Christlike personal rela- SPIRITUAL tionships are not possible without such a prayer Insures God's Blessing life. This.is such an intimate personal experience Increases Church Revenue that it is the missionary's very soul. It is also Supplies World's Need true that without intellectual honesty, and a rev- Confirms Faith erence for truth, combined with a deep sense of Energizes Prayer Ennobles Character It Gorifies God

"Shall We Appraise Home Missions?"

By the REV. JAYS. STOWELL, Philadelphia, Pa.

Bureau of Publicity, BoaI'd of Home Missions and Church Extension, Methodist Episcopal Cburcb I T IS too early to forecast the total effect of the we have over 200 Protestant denominations. We Inquiry into Foreign Missions. In ten years know how many church members there are, how we will know more about that. Already, how- many Sunday-school pupils, the value of church ever, suggestions are coming from many quarters, property, the amount spent on annual budgets, "Let's study Home Missions." Curiously enough and a multitude of other totals. Similar data are this proposal comes from two distinct groups, at hand with reference to distinctly home mis- those who rather gloatingly sionary enterprises, although imply that such a study would not all of this data has been do away with Home Missions, Foreign Missions have re- tabulated. Some of it has been and sincere friends who covet cently come in for a great so tabulated and more is now the wide-spread pUblicity which deal of publicity. Not only being put into shape by the the Foreign Mission enterprise have missionaries and secre- Home Missions Council.

has just received. taries sent home their report But our information does not Substantially the same agen- but travelers, business men stop with these generalities. and special commissions have cies which directed the Foreign expressed their opinions for It goes into many intimate de- Mission study have spent in and against the large expendi- tails. the study of Home Missions in ture of life and money. Home the past f 0 u r tee n years, Missions receives less special Weare told that Foreign amounts which we suspect atterttion from outsiders but Missions are too denominawould dwarf into relative in- it is no less important-nor tional in character; Home Missignificance the half million are less money and lives ex- sions are probably even more so.

dollars expended on the Lay- pended at home. Should a The laymen report that a man's Foreign Missions In- special commission be ap- percentage of Foreign Mission quiry. The results of those pointed to appraise the needs, money is expended unwisely, the methods, the force and studies are available in a multi- the results in America? because of lack of adequate tude of carefully-written vol- planning. The same is true of umes which make a library, Home Missions. Buildings are compared with the one volume wrongly located, ceilings are thus far published from the foreign study. An made too high, bad floor plans are adopted, ineffi- enormous amount of material is also available in cient workers are employed, and ill-advised prothe flIes and reports of the horne missionary grams are laid out-mistakes aplenty are made.

agencies. Of course, there are other things that we know Able as was the commission which studied For- about Home Missions. We know that for heroism eign Missions, it has been difficult to locate any and Christian devotion it would be hard to equal important facts which the commission discovered and impossible to surpass the sacrificial courage which were not already the common possession of shown by the home missionaries who have served those acquainted with the missionary enterprise. and are serving so unselfishly to exalt Jesus It seems unlikely that a study of Home Missions Christ in our country. We know that Home Mis- could reveal any particularly important or signifi- sions have helped to build into American life some cant items which are not now available. of its finest qualities (and, in spite of much pes- simism, there are some fine things about Amer- What Do We Now Know? ica).. We know from actual court records in par- ticular communities that home missionary The amount of general information we now have is almost appalling. We know how many churches in congested city centers have kept churches there are in the United States and where thousands of boys and girls out of the clutches of they are located. We could make a map of them, the law and have turned their feet into paths of if we wished to spend the time. We know that usefulness. We know that a perfectly amazing [311]

number of people-young and old-are dependent denominational. Their impatience has reached upon home missionary agencies for religious op- such a stage that, if they cannot induce others to portunities and religious nurture. We know that, join them in a church unity movement, they will in spite of all that is being done, there are mil- withdraw and have unity by themselves. Others lions of boys and girls in America growing to ma- are equally convinced that, even though many of turity without religious training and that there is our present denominations may disappear, denom- a perfectly appalling number of American homes inationalism in some form will characterize our into which no representative of a Christian church ecclesiastical organizations so long as the race ever goes. maintains any interest in religion; they believe The Problem of Interpretation that goodwill between groups and individuals is more basic than an ecclesiastical unity attained Probably nothing good or bad has been found by the surrender of convictions and interpretaout about Foreign Missions which could not be tions which seem important to the holder. more or less directly applied to Home Missions. No further assembly, however, of either obvious When we have established the fact that many or hidden facts, no matter how comprehensive, home missionary workers lack satisfactory trainwill get us very far toward the solution of our ing, what is to be done about it? Some would problems. Our difficulties do not grow out of any doubtless feel that all inadequately trained workserious lack of, or disagreement with reference to, ers should immediately be released. They may be matters of fact, but rather in the interpretation one hundred per cent correct, but others certainly of those facts, and, in that realm, there are basic would totally disagree with that position. Simiand possibly insoluble difficulties, as the laymen's lar diversity of opinion exists with reference to inquiry has rather clearly demonstrated. It is the support of so many preachers and so few pereasy to be misled in general gatherings and to sons skilled in the religious nurture of youth. confuse Christian courtesy and fellowship with the disappearance of basic differences in philos- The point that we are trying to make clear is ophy and thought. that, were any new general study of Home Mis- sions to be undertaken, the results would not be To an outsider it would seem that the most largely affected by the facts discovered, or which obvious fallacy of the Appraisers' group studying are even now available to those who desire to use Foreign Missions was what appears to have been them, but the outcome would almost entirely be the assumption that they had prepared a state- determined by the presuppositions of those who made the study.

ment and interpretation of the foreign missionary Feasible Lines of Advance enterprise upon which diverse groups could agree. Much has been done in the field of comity, but Where Opinions Differ there is need for further application of the prin- ciples of comity, not in any wholesale fashion or Take, as an illustration, the matter of preaching, upon which both Home and Foreign Missions after a formula, but according to the conditions seem largely to have been built. Many seem to be in each particular situation. There is, also, a agreed that preaching has been overdone and need for a further extension of cooperation in cershould be subordinated in the future; yet it is tain types of work. One factor holding back such cooperative enterprises is that the technique of doubtful whether any representative group of preachers or laymen in America would vote with cooperation has not yet been mastered. A more them, if they really understood what they were improved technique must be worked out if coopervoting on. The study group may be right-we ation on a national basis is to be developed on any suspect they are-but the church is fully imbued considerable scale.

Over and above comity and larger-group coopwith the preaching idea. Where is the supreme eration there are important lines of work which court which will settle the matter? should be taken up, and fields which should be ex- And what of denominations? While home mis- plored, which will probably wait eternally if their sionary leaders are probably a little less denomi- entry is dependent upon reaching a total agree- nationally minded than others, yet, in general, ment. For such types of work, congenial, like- Home Missions are about as good and about as minded groups must be organized, while others, bad as the denominations they represent. To one even though they are doubting Thomases, exercise group denominations are not only anathema but Christian charity and forbearance and offer an the marked child of the evil one. 'They can hardly occasional prayer for their brethren whom they find adjectives severe enough to describe anything love but with whom they cannot at all times agree.

Will and Good

A Jewish View of Missions to the Jews By the REV. JACOB PELTZ, Chicago, Illinois General Secretary of the Hebrew Christian Alliance of North America EVERY Christian should be interested and ac- faith. It is the fulfillment of the hopes and ideals tive in giving the Gospel to the Jews. It is of the Jewish prophets. When a Jew becomes a a command of Christ to preach the Gospel to follower of Jesus Christ, he does not lose his reevery creature. The entire missionary enterprise ligion-he finds it; he does not give up his ancient is motivated by this Great Commission of our faith, but rather that faith is transfigured. In Lord, yet most Christians take it for granted fact, Judaism without Christ and without the New either that the Jews do not need the· Gospel or Testament is incomplete and unsatisfying. This that there is a magic way of salvation for this is the reason that so many Jews today are abanpeople other than the way provided through doning Judaism.

Christ on the Cross on Calvary. Giving the Gospel to the Jewish people is the As a substitute for the Gospel of salvation some way to solve the Jewish problem. There is no well-meaning but misguided Christians have in really anti-Semitic movement in America today recent years inaugurated what is known as the though there may be the spirit of anti-Semitism "good-will movement" in place of the divine Good manifested here and there in colleges, clubs, ho- News Movement. This "good-will movement" is tels and summer resorts. But any student of but a temporizing, watered-down, sentimental Jewish and Gentile relations in America realizes method of attempting to solve the Jewish problem. that all is not well between these two groups.

Needless to say that this and other substitutes for Underneath the current of affairs there is still a the Cross of Christ are futile. It is lowering the deep seated prejudice and sometimes bitterness. standard; it is not carrying out the commission Now how shall we solve this problem?-by educaof our Lord. The good will we proclaim is the tion? by good-will meetings? by the holding of good will of Christ for the salvation of man made seminars and lectures? These methods have been possible by the Cross of Calvary. This applies to tried and found wanting because they do not both Jew and Gentile. reach the root of the problem. We must realize The Jews need the Gospel of Christ as much as that the unregenerated Jew will always be a probany other non-Christian people-Mohammedan, lem to the Gentile. The Jew's character and eth- Buddhist, Hindu, Confucianist or Animist. These ics will be found wanting. The Jew's mannerisms religions are inadequate, and the same is true of will jar. The Jew's mode of living will not appeal.

modern Judaism, which is in many cases con- The unregenerated Gentile will continue to be trary to the teaching and Spirit of the Prophets. prejudiced against the Jew as an irritant in Amer- But, more than this" in America the greater ican life. What is the solution to these prob- lems? Only the regenerating power of Jesus number of the four and a half million Jews have Christ transforming individual lives, making them given up Judaism and are now religiously adrift.

Rabbis say that between seventy and eighty per- anew and producing winsome characters. So the cent of the Jews today are not connected with any Gospel of Jesus Christ must be preached to the synagogue. Jew in order that we may have a solution of the We hear a great deal today about "proselyte" Jewish problem in America and avoid anti- and "proselytizing." These terms usually refer Semitic persecutions such as we see in countries to unethical methods that are sometimes used to of Europe.

win adherents to a particular organization. But The Jewish people respond to the appeal of these terms do not apply when we go to the Jewish Christ as do any other people. During the ninepeople with the Gospel. We are giving them a teenth century, something like 200,000 Jews were message which they do not know, and a Christ won to Christ. Today there are a quarter of a who transforms. We are not aiming to persuade million of Hebrew Christians in the various counthem to abandon the faith of their fathers for tries of the world. Christianity is not the negation of the true Jewish Missions to the Jews may take the form of com- [313]

munity centers in various cities where the Jews tians in America today who understand the Jewlive in congested neighborhoods. Thousands of ish problem and who can develop an adequate churches all over the country have Jews in their Christian approach to the Jew, if the Church of neighborhood and the Church must realize that Jesus Christ is aroused and calls them to definite it has a message, a Gospel for all the people of service in carrying out the commission of our this community, including the Jew. The fact is Lord Jesus Christ "to preach the Gospel to every that there are many Hebrew and Gentile Chris- creature"-including the Jews.

DIFFIOULT DAYS IN MANOHURIA By the REV. W. T. COOK, Sinpin, Manchuria Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

We returned to Sinpin our mission station, after our furlough, with the sense of apprehension deepened because of the uncertainty about conditions. After leaving the railroad we traveled at the head of a caravan of ten carts until we reached the town. But it was not the city we had left less than a year before. Insurgent Chinese soldiers were everywhere. Even the postal and tele- graph services were entirely abolished, so that for four months we sent no letters and none were delivered by the post-no home messages, no magazines, no Christmas packages! In October the city fell into the hands of the new Japanese-Manchukuo regime. The pacification reache,s chiefly along the main roads and centers for in between there are many irresponsible roving bands, committing depredations.

The robberies suffered by the Chinese are more severe than this district has known before. One man in the hospital has both his feet frozen. Robbers entered his home from which, in his haste, he fled barefooted. He was chased through the snow and bitter cold at night and some of his toes must be amputated. Another man, when accosted by the robbers, told them to clear out as he had no money. For answer a pistol bullet sped into his forehead and lodged at the base of the brain. Robber,s do occasionally put an old man into a large Chinese kettle and boil him to death in their attempt to make him divulge where his money is-when perhaps he hasn't any at all. People come into the hospital with burns on their bodies as a result of torture by bandits who have held lighted bunches of incense sticks against the flesh to make them part with cash.

The Koreans have not escaped; many have been robbed or driven from their homes. Some have been robbed so frequently that the people have no shoes or decent clothing to wear and cannot come to church. During the summer over eight hundred Christians were huddled in refugee camps at Sanchengtsu, a center north from here. Their homes in the country were forsaken, the churches disbanded; some buildings being wrecked by the bandits. Every week scores of Koreans leave so that the churches are depleted. Like Paul in his shipwreck, when everything was thrown overboard, so we and the churches of South Manchuria Presbytery long for the day when peaceful conditions will prevail and the many exiles may return. It is the belief of the best informed that this res- toration will come in the next two or three years and that many thousands will come in with them to replenish the churches and the general population. A general expansion of church work and a revival is anticipated.

In the meantime we carryon almost alone. We are encouraged by the attitude of the Chris- tians who are faithful in distress and we believe that they appreciate our staying with them at a time like this. The Sinpin church, in the hour of trouble, has given even more generously to the work among the Chinese than in years gone by. The Bible clas,s, in February, was attended by over two hundred, about half of them coming from the country. Beginning with prayer meeting before daybreak, two periods of study were held in the forenoon; then meetings in the afternoon and evening. They drank in the consolations of Paul's epistle to the Philippians. Our hearts go out to them as they return to their barren little homes, devoid of comforts which we regard as necessi- ties, but they go with a light and a song in their hearts.

Many pastors have moved away. Five evangelists, largely supported by the Koreans, are ap- pointed to build up the depleted churches. They are courageous men with a fervent and consecrated spirit. The Men's Bible Institute was attended by twenty-seven earnest young men of fine caliber. One pastor in Korea sent greetings to them as the "morning stars" of the Manchuria Church.

Not as the conquerors come, they, the true hearted, came! Not with the sound of rolling drums or the trumpet that sings of fame; But amidst the storm they sang, and the stars heard and the sea; And the arching aisles of the dim wood rang with the anthem of the free.

the Garden of

By DUGALD CAMPBELL, Kano, Northern Nigeria Agent of the National Bible Society of Scotland God hath His deserts broad and brown; a wondrous wealth of hitherto hidden grass, A solitude, a sea of sand flowers, and shrunken shrubs.

On which He lets heaven's curtain down, In the oases I have bought turkeys for two Unknit by His almighty hand. shillings each, grapes black or white at three FROM the Atlantic to the Red Sea, and from pounds for a penny, apples, peaches and apricots the Mediterranean to Lake Chad and the lord- and plums, and delicious oranges, lemons and ly Niger, stretch great sandy deserts which dates, for almost nothing. I fed my camels on we call the Sahara. Nameless nomads, commonly dates and barley when I was compelled to travel called Arabs, with veiled and besworded'Tuaregs, through pastureless places. The Garden of Allah and fanatical mop-headed Moors wander about is the most appropriate name for the Sahara for among the waddies, or live around the wells and only Allah himself could make things grow in waterholes. They shepherd their herds of goats this land of dearth and sterility. There are beauty and sheep and camels which feed on the scant spots in the Hoggar and AIr mountains, the pasture these places afford. Harug-es-Soda and Tibesti, which tourists will visit in days to come, and which bear comparison The greater part of the wandering tribes are with Alpine scenery. A facetious French friend direct descendants of the hardy and autochtho- declared he would build a hotel on the top of nous Berber peoples. Carthaginians, Romans, Tamgak to entertain tourists. In various parts Vandals, Greeks, and Arabs found them in occu- of the far-flung Garden of Allah live multitudes pation. Prior to the Islamic advance after the of unevangelized men and women of the old Berdeath of Mohammed they were devoutly loyal to Jesus Christ. According to tradition, their evan- ber stock-in Mauretania and the Rio del Oro, gelization received its first fiery impetus from the the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, and the rich populous man who carried our Saviour's cross-Simon of oases of Eastern Libya, with Italian Libya and the Cyrene, himself an African. southern Sahara, the Tenere and Tanezrouft, the The vast far-stretching Sahara region is known northern bend of the Niger and Lake Chad. I among Arabs and other nomads as the Ganat lived among many of these people; I taught them Allah or "Garden of Allah." It is not all sand and traveled with them-among the Atlas Mounand wilderness for there are many verdant val- tains, the Adrar and Ifoghas, the Hoggar and leys where camels feed and become fat; there Azben, the black and green mountains of Libya, are endless waddies where flocks of sheep and the towering volcanic mountains of Tamgak, and goats stand on their hind legs to crop the low Tibesti that soars over 12,000 feet into the Sagreen branches of succulent thorn bushes. There haran blue. are high mountains, like Tamgak, Tibesti and Mouydir, overrun with mountain sheep; lakes Camped in tents of goatskin or black camels and springs and potholes provide crystal clear hair, surrounded by their flocks and herds and water, cold and covered with ice in winter; fish families, live a race of soldier-shepherds. They and crocodiles are found there. are muscular men, both veiled and besworded; they are silent and strong and live hard, hungry In many parts of the Sahara no rain falls for lives, eating very sparingly once a day, and rare- five years, or more. Yet, after three days of rain ly drinking. These people await the coming of the desert becomes spangled with flowers and tried and tested Christian missionaries, but they shrubs, and grass springs up everywhere, giving must be prepared to live along the dangerous it the appearance of a magic carpet. In Kidal, frontiers, hard, loving, self-denying lives, and in the Ifoghas mountains after a night of heavy ready to die, if need be, that Ishmael may live rain I have seen the waddy in flood, forming tem- before God. . porary lakes, and carrying all before it like a mountain tarn in Scotland. Those short stormy Men of Mauretania and Numidia, Getulre and rain spells send shooting up into ephemeral life Garamantes, Libyans and Fezzani, men of Rhap- sa and Cydamus, Santaria and its southern oases; [315]

travelers along the old Derb el Arbain and the these interesting veiled men and their unveiled other long twisty trails that span the Sahara;- women. They represent different divisions and all these have been left in the inexorable grip of speak different dialects, but all belong to the same Islam. They have been shunned and isolated, old Berber stock. Shilha, Susi, Riffi, Kabyle, and shut up to Koran-chanters and Moslem prosely- other Moroccan, Algerian and Atlas mountain tizers-and all because Christians were timid and dialects are all members of the same Berber lan- avoided lands that lay under the shadow of the guage family.

Crescent. The day of cautious and timid approach The old Berber dialects are in daily use has passed, the day of speedy and fearless decla- throughout Libya, including Augila, Jalo and ration of our faith and all it stands for, is upon Kufra, and even across from Jarabub into Siwa us. It behooves us to go forward with courage· oases where they speak nothing else. Traveling to "preach the Gospel to every creature." south to Bahariya, Farafra, and Dakhla oases I On my first visits to these desert dwellers in met many pure Berbers. I also saw many exclu- 1925, I was amazed at the readiness with which sively Berber towns during my recent two and a they listened to the Gospel. Their women wore half months camel journey throughout eastern silver crosses round their necks, (called tenaghal), Libya.

the camel saddles were bedecked with a cross, It will require serious language work to col- their swords and daggers were cross-handled, and lect, coordinate and classify this widely removed in a score of other things the cross stood out Berber speech family. It has never yet been at- conspicuous. This led me to surmise their Chris- tempted. Morocco has Scripture translations in tian origin. three Berber dialects-Northern Shilha, Central When I started to learn their language, called Shilha, and Southern Shilha. Algeria has trans- Tamashek, I found in it many Greek, Hebrew and lations in two dialects, called Greater and Lesser Roman terms-such as the words for merit, sin, Kabyle. A portion has been printed in one of the angel, God, Passover. I found many customs many Tuareg dialects, and a work is being done which are similar to those in Christian lands- in the Mzab dialect to the south of Algiers.

such as monogamy, chivalrous treatment of wom- Missionaries for many years have been at work en, and a dislike of Islamic interference. Though in Tripoli, but their work has been done in many are nominal Moslems, I found noble tribes Arabic, and the commonly spoken Berber dialect that have withstood Islam. In other words, there has been ignored. No missions have gone to Siwa, is everywhere a great open door for the Gospel. or the other wonderful oases of Eastern Libya, The People of the Veil hence no translations have been attempted, and only a few vocabularies have been collected by My first contact with the "People of the Veil" travelers and officials. The Bantu language famwas in 1925 at Abecher, the capital of French ily has received much more attention, but Berber, Wadai, and from there I found them everywhere which is by no means less important, has been throughout the southern Sahara as far as Kano neglected. in Nigeria. Again, during my long visit to the AIr mountains, the capital of which is Agades, When Will Missionary Work Succeed?

and through to Iferouan I came into contact with When the Berber language family receives the interesting and intelligent populations. In the attention due to its historic and geographical im- valley of Aouderas, among the black mountains portance; when the Scriptures are translated and that rise all around, there is a healthy climate, published in this famous North African speech; good and sufficient water supply from wells, and then, and not till then, can we count on conver- groups of camps and stone villages. At Timya, sions commensurate with the missionary effort Tintellust and Tintaghoda and among shepherd expended. If the early Christian church of North camps I received a warm welcome. Iferouan, and Africa had done for Berberland what modern the noble tribe of cave-dwellers who live in Tam- missionary societies have done for Bantuland, gak, made another good center. East of there live i. e., translated the Word of God into the vernac- the Kel-Fadei and other nomad peoples. ular and put it into the hands of the people, then Toward the southwest and the bend of the North Africa would never have gone down before Niger, live many Tuareg folk who belong to the the fanaticism and ferocity of Islam. The Copts, Tademekket and Oullimmeden confederations. In Abyssinians, Armenians and Syrians had the the latter place the Christian and Missionary Al- Bible, and they have stood, and still stand an im- liance has begun a work, but northward, as far passable barrier to the implacable religion of the as the Ifoghas and Hoggar mountains, live other false prophet.

Tuareg tribes not yet reached by any Christian In the early days the 700 North African bish- missionary. Away east to Lake Chad, and on ops had to run their dioceses and teach their con- into the Sudan, as far as EI Fasher, are found gregations by the medium of Latin which was

IN THE GARDEN OF ALLAH

DUGALD CAMPBELL'S CARAVAN DESCENDING TO THE OASIS OF BAHARIYA understood only by a few. Augustine of Hippo, painted in black; the bodies of men and women and many of the great North African Fathers were also tattooed with the cross. As I rode recommended the use of interpreters to reach the alongside my two Tuareg guides through the sand many Berber congregations. Why did they with- dunes I heard one chant "La illaha, illa Messiner,"

hold the Bible from the Berbers and not give it and I could hardly believe my ears: "There is no to them in their own language? Bible Societies God but our Christ." Surely there is a future in have forced the Roman Catholic Church to circu- the plans of God for this waiting race who still late the Scriptures in French-English and Italian retain the name of Christ in their songs. and and other tongues to prevent "protestant" prose- speech.

lytism. Had they done so throughout Berber Af- Here is a great people who have been waiting rica, then Islam would never have gained the ever since the extinction of the North African victory it has; Spain and Portugal would never Church and the advent of Islam. They have pene- have succumbed temporally to the religion of Mo- trated further and further into almost inacces- hammed. Europe has not seriously realized how sible mountains and desert regions to escape the narrow was its margin of escape from Islamiza- Islamic efforts of Mohammed's fierce followers.

tion. Now is the time to rectify past errors, and There are tribes who,· though they hate Islam work to evangelize the one hundred and one Ber- like the plague, have forgotten the tenets of their ber tribes who have a common mother tongue. Christian faith and are known by their Islamized Let us give them the Word of God in their own brothers as kel-acouf or "wild people." South and language, or help the Christian and Missionary Central Africa have large numbers of Christian Alliance, the Sudan Interior Mission, and others missionaries, but the northern deserts, with the who are making an effort to do so. Rio del Oro and Mauretania and the fertile chain My recent camel journeys through the Red of green emerald oases that stretch from Mogh- Desert of Libya took me to the most southerly reb-el-Akhsa to Mersa-Matruh, are still untrod- part where live the Veiled Tuaregs of the Azgeur den by heralds of the Cross.

Confederation. Their chief-amenoukal-is Abu- The lost Atlantis, which is said to have sunk bekr-Ag-Allegue into whose hands I placed copies into the sea off Africa, seems to have left behind of the Scriptures. I visited the six stone-walled· a few fragments such as the Haggar mountains.

towns that lie along the Tanezrouft valley and Some say that the Tuaregs are the remnant of a spoke with both chiefs and people. I saw doors lost race whose origin and history are obscured in the narrow streets decorated with the cross, in the mists of antiquity. The tomb of the famous

Tuareg queen, Tin Hinan, founder of the race, ants of this ancient Christian people, a lost race lies at Abelessa in the Hoggar, surrounded by whose land lies at the doors of Europe! Such the tombs of her twelve nobles. Her jewels and work must be done on camels, for the Tuaregs other ornaments were discovered near by. Though are wanderers and nomads, but unlike Arabia the Tuareg alphabet is perfect, no books in that and the haramein, work among them would prolanguage have been discovered. Their writings duce no fierce opposition. Motor cars now reguare found on the rocks and stone walls of the larly cross the Sahara, north and south via Lake Sahara but are difficult to decipher, though much Chad and Kano. French officers dare the perils of the inscriptions are quite legible. of thirst and hunger and capture by bandits, to serve their country. Where are the young men The Roman Catholics have tried hard but have willing to venture all to serve Christ and the Gosfailed. Comte de Foucauld, member of a famous pel, to reach at least one tribe of the great Berber race?

May God thrust forth some strong spiritual laborers, full of faith and the Holy Spirit to learn the Berber languages and eventually to win souls among these tall noble Berber people, whose home is The Garden of Allah.

THE CAVE FROy[ WHICH MOHAMMED BIN ALI ES SENUSSI TALENTS NOT FOR SALE WENT FORTH TO FOUND THE SENUSSIGAH FRA- TERNITY. MR. CAMPBELL LIVED I N THIS As my dear father did not believe in selling his CAVE AT SIRVA FOR THREE WEEKS. medical knowledge, so it nauseates me to have to sell my musical ability. I was born with music old French family, who lived a wild life in his in my system. It was a gift of Providence. I did youth and was then soundly converted and yield- not acquire it. So I do not even deserve thanks ed his life to God and his Church, fell into the for the music. Do you thank birds for flying in hands of an Abbe who trained him to be a priest. the sky, or do the birds charge you fees for sing- After much severe training and discipline, he ing in the woods? Music is too sacred to be sold. went south into the Sahara to work among the The outrageous prices the musical celebrities Hoggar Tuaregs but was killed during the Senus- charge today truly is a crime against society. si-Tuareg revolt in 1916-17. To keep my conscience free from contamina- Cardinal Lavigerie twice sent White Father tion, I never look upon the money I earn as my priests to Christianize the Tuaregs but both par- own. It belongs to the public. It is only a fund ties were massacred. Since then the Sahara has entrusted to my care for proper disbursement. If been left to its solitude and silence; its peoples I spend the money for my personal pleasure I still grope in the dark. The Roman Catholics should feel guilty of a heinous crime. How can I tried later to establish a work in the Tuareg city squander money on myself while there is so much of Timbuctoo. A priest still lives there as a citi- misery, so much hunger in the world? To be perzen of Timbuctoo, and he is now a servant of the fectly healthy, the human body does not need Government with a wife and family. The Chris- much. We artificially create and increase our tian and Missionary Alliance of America has had needs; develop costly habits; then feel miserable work there for several years. One American when we cannot have things. missionary lady is buried there in the little cemetery, while her brave husband still labors there, I constantly endeavor to reduce my needs to the helped by others. They have initiated work mInImum. I feel morally guilty in ordering a among the Tuaregs. costly meal, for it deprives some one else of a slice of bread – some child, perhaps, of a bottle of Where are self-sacrificing young men who will milk. So many people go hungry in the world esteem it an honor tb pioneer among the descend- every day! My beloved wife feels about these things as I do. In all these years of my so-called success in music, we have not built a home for ourselves. Between it and us stand all the home- less in the world!

For the welfare of the human race – for the preservation of civilization itself, a revaluation of individual and of national success is essential.- FRITZ KREISLER, in Success Magazine.

Problems in the

By the REV. GEORGE WILLIAM WRIGHT, D.D., Manila, Philippine Islands Professor in the Protestant Theological Seminary, and Pastor of Ellitlwood Church PROBLEMS are like the poor, always with us. entirely outside of the evangelical Church, and To our surprise the solution of one set of do not intend to enter. Roman Catholics use this problems often ushers in others, frequently so-called reproach to prevent the spread of evan- more numerous and more difficult than those gelical Christianity. Many in the churches deep- which preceded them. The problems in the ly desire one evangelical body in the Islands, but Philippines are not more, if indeed as much, in- thus far this has seemed impractical. Three de- volved as in many other coun- nominations have come to- tries, but they are many and gether to form what is known difficult. A nation is in process of de~ as the United Evangelical ve10pment in the Philippines. Church – the Congregational, The Influence of World The Islands have been held Presbyterian, and U nit e d Changes in the lap of the United Brethren. The union has been States for thirty~five years. eminently successful, no one The first problem run s Now the people are becoming group undertaking to dominate around the earth-the prob- restless and wish to walk the others. Other churches or lem of readjustment to chang- alone – but not economical~ groups may later unite with ing world conditions. While the Philippines are not as well ly. The evangelical Church the United E van gel i c a I equipped with modern inven- has also been growing and is Church. Unless this comes tion as America, nevertheless encountering the problems of naturally it would be likely to hosts of new things and new growth. What are these bring disunion into the pres- ideas have come in to change problems and how will they ent united body. Most of the their habits and environment. be solved? Look through denominations have, from the The islanders now travel all the eyes of Dr• Wright. beginning, accepted territorial over by autobus and spread assignments to prevent over- these new ideas and new con- lapping. Some, however, do ditions develop. not agree to such alignments. There have also The problem of national political status is not been some splits from the large denominations, new but it is now to the fore. There is friendli- and independent churches have sprung up. De- ness between the Filipinos and Americans but nominationalism is more or less a human product, many have learned to like each other personally but the so-called "crime of denominationalism" is while they do not mix racially. The national sometimes overstated.

problem is everywhere a real one, and could Education and the Educated easily become most difficult. The Filipino people feel that it is not the missionary's function to One of the most baffling of problems today is take active part in politics but both his rights educational. A short time ago many felt that and his obligation when he refuses to be drawn education would solve practically all our prob- into discussion of it. There are those-mostly lems. We know better now. It has brought treoutside the church-who insist that the mission- mendous problems of its own. While the world ary must declare himself to be in sympathy with has not quite gone mad on the subject of educa- Filipino aspirations. One thing that the Chris- tion, at least it seems obsessed over the question tian, foreign or native, should insist upon is that of "degrees." If the United States, with its vast we do not seek to nationalize Christianity, but resources, is unable to absorb all of its "degree" to Christianize nationality. product of today, what can be done with the same type of men in lands where, from the very na- The problem of denominationalism is not really ture of economic conditions, it will be possible serious in the Philippines. The greatest criticism to absorb only a few. The cure has not been on this point often arises from those who are [319]

discovered. Evidently the rage must rage on affairs, rather than follow the leadership of a until perchance it spends itself. pastor. Gradually, however, it has begun to be appreciated that a man who has been well trained We would not deny an education to young peo- and who can give his whole time to the work of ple. We would be distressed if they did not want the ministry will serve a congregation more efit. The extension of private high schools has al- fectively, both in the pulpit and in the homes, ready become a present necessity. The Govern- than would the lay church officers. But a pastor ment, once so sure of its educational program, who is lacking in education is not wanted, and a has itself begun to discuss the failure to develop well-trained pastor is hard to hold. How far moral character in its students. It has been so should the mission go in helping to provide proper careful not to allow sectarianism to enter into salaries? The situation is complicated by the the teaching of the schools that it now wonders fact that many independent congregations have whether its influence has not been against re- sprung up with no paid ministry. ligion altogether. Today the educated young man is in danger of becoming an increasing menace There are decided differences of opinion in reto society. Far more than the church people are gard to the question of self-support. It is an now asking whether one can leave out all religion extremely difficult problem but there is marked out of education and yet teach morality. A progress in many places. It is hard to manage prominent business man in Manila employing a self-support anywhere without a vigilance prothousand clerks, said not long ago: "If you mis- gram. sionaries cannot turn us out moral young men, the case is hopeless, for the public schools cer- Now Filipinos are for the most part poor. As tainly cannot do it." in the apostles' day, not many of the rich seem called. Under Roman Catholic tutelage they were The Problem of the Church not accustomed to give outright for church sup- port but paid for various church rites and privi- Missionary work in the Philippines, in rela- leges. Pastors need to urge their people to recogtion to the Filipino Church, has passed through nize the duty of supporting the church. Laymen two stages and is now in the third stage, which are being educated to the right idea, but it is a is the most difficult one of all. The first stage slow process. When a young man can easily comwas one marked by curiosity. The Filipinos mand a much larger support as a teacher, or Y. wondered what the Americans had to offer them M. C. A. secretary or welfare worker than as a in religion. After being accustomed to the Roman pastor he feels humiliated to plead for what Catholic faith for over three hundred years, they seems asking money for his own needs. Is it wanted to know what might be the difference in strange that many capable young men are not a Protestant nation. inclined to take pastorates when their support for wife and children is uncertain? Many sin- Then came the building stage when those who cerely desire to preach the Gospel but of late listened in seriousness became converted and young men who have been in training for the many were moved with deep desire to spread the ministry seem to slip away just as they finally Gospel. The new faith made strong appeal with face their life work. Graduation precipitates the the open Bible, the fellowship of its service, and crisis. These young men often are happy to serve the opportunity for participation in the manage- in mission schools and do not seem to lose their ment of church affairs. Church organizations evangelistic fervor but bring their students into were effected, and were cared for by the deacons, personal contact with Christ. elders, and other church officers who did much of the preaching themselves. The little churches in the provinces are com- posed of very lovable folk. They need pastors. Then followed the period of strengthening and Could the passion of the Master enter deep into development with the training work which from the souls of these young men, the people would occasional Bible training courses grew into a full rejoice. No less emphasis should be put upon a fledged theological seminary. The curriculum is good education but evangelization must be the now practically complete, and students are taking watchword of the day. In some places the misboth the longer and shorter courses. The prob- sionary may need to undertake pioneer work all lem now is not one of training but of settlement over again. He must ever burn with the Master's as pastors of churches. passion to save the lost and wandering sheep and bring them into the fold. Many of the evangelists of the first and second stages were able preachers but knew nothing of The doors of opportunity for helpful, loving pastoral work. The people at that time would service abound. The prospects are bright if we hardly have understood it and did not understand are ready to look up and move forward. the advantages of a pastor. Even today a number of congregations prefer to manage their own

"Noble Jo" of Kobe*

By MRS. ROY SMITH, Kobe, Japan Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South O NE of the greatest privileges that comes to hundred and fifty little children in her kinder- one who lives and works in the Orient is garten, most of them with pitiful stories, cling to meeting and knowing some of the great her skirts and run to her with shining faces as personalities, only a few of whom are known in she shows the visitor through the plant. Many a Western lands. . . . Many a visitor to Kobe has foreign visitor thinks her name is "Noble Jo."

said, "I shall remember Kobe because of Mrs. J 0." How well her name fits her!

"Never shall I forget Mrs. Jo's face." How she The courage required for a woman to accom- laughed when she was told that more than one plish what Mrs. Jo has done is remarkable. She had said, "She is so homely she is beautiful." came to Kobe when her husband died, a year after They have compared her to a fine old oak tree- their marriage, a widow with a little son; with- buffeted by the winds and storms but standing out a sen. She became the matron of a small with grace and strength in old age to afford pro- orphans' asylum at a salary of 16 yen a month and tection and shelter for the weak. They have said added a department for old men and women. Soon that she is like an old sailing vessel in the harbor, the police found her out and began to bring to her beaten by the waves and winds but standing so women and girls who were wandering the streets picturesque and fine as to be etched and used for of Kobe and for whom they had no help or refuge.

engravings. Tall and gaunt and with a swinging She was so singularly successful in her dealings walk strange for a Japanese woman, she has be- with them that her time was almost entirely filled come a well-known figure in Kobe to Japanese and with this 'rescue work. She came to know the foreigners alike. Some may at first fail to ad- awful need and she could not sleep for thinking of mire her masculine stride and mannerisms but these women without home or friends.

when they learn that for eighteen years the police One day, a letter came from an old farmer in of Kobe have relied on her to help them meet America who had heard of her work through some their problems with women and girls, and that returned missionary; he sent her five yen, saying over 5,000 would-be suicides have come to her that it was very small but that he hoped it would after reading her sign-boards, they forget every- help her in this work. It was a large sum to her thing but the greatness of the woman. then and she felt the responsibility of it so truly The wife of the principal of a Girl's High School that she went to Mt. Maya to think and pray. She in Kobe remembers her when she came ~o Kobe stayed there three nights and days in prayer and forty-three years ago at the age of 18 years, a when she came down she came to give her life and schoolgirl from Matsuyama. Mrs. E. said that to persuade others to give of their means to estab- Jo Nobu came to the home of her uncle, who was lish a home for the unfortunate run-away women running for some political office in Hyogo Prefec- and girls that had come to Kobe from all over ture, to make stump speeches for him. Clad in a Japan. She began to canvass for enough money boy's dark hakama and with her face lit with zeal to start. The answer came with many small gifts she made a stirring speech. It was quite the fash- from people who could not resist her appeal. She ion then for women to be interested in politics. trudged up and down the hills of Kobe for months, I remember my uncle asking her if she ever ex- carrying a tiny five-sen notebook, in which she had pected to be married and she answered, "I haven't pasted her purpose, which said "I Nobu J 0 wish time for such foolishness now." Later Mrs. E. to provide a place in Kobe for the women who are moved to Korea and was much surprised to hear homeless, or in such trouble that they must either that JoNobu had married and had a little son. take their lives or sell their bodies. I wish to She has kept that same masculine bearing but erect a building and maintain a home for them with it she has become "Mother" to 20,000 women until they can obtain work or learn to be selfwho have felt the grip of her hand and the warmth supporting. And I wish to teach them new hope of her heart as she has helped them out of their through God, who is Love, and Salvation through troubles and shared her home with them. One His Son, Jesus Christ." That was her platform and loyally has she stood for it. She did not even • Condensed from The Japan Christian Quarterly for January. waver when a Kobe man offered her 20,000 yen 1933.

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if she would use it with the condition that the The response to this sign was unbelievable.

work should not be done in the name of Christ. Not only those who went there to take their lives In 1916 Jo Nobu rented a house and advertised came to her, but hundreds of others who saw no- widely through the police, and posters at wharves tices about the sign in the newspapers. Scores and stations, stating that she would give help to came for sympathy and found Christ. What any women or girls who were in trouble. The re- stories she can tell! They are too intimate and sults were so striking that her Kobe friends or- private and heart-rending to repeat. Wives cast ganized the Kobe Women's Welfare Association- out by concubines, girls running away from "Do Jo Kwai." A board was formed of Japanese brothels where they had been sold, children kid- and foreign women and from the beginning it has napped by shows, women beaten by drunken hus- been splendidly organized and supported. In 1918 bands, wives displaced by jealous mothers-in-law, she bought land and built a house at the cost of a girl brought by a repentant man who had bought 7,050 yen and was able to take care of 20 women. her to take care of him while he died of tubercu- In 1922 she added four rooms and a chapel at a losis, girls hiding from the police, the wives and further cost of 6,800 yen. Being so pressed for children of murderers and pickpockets and room and coveting a better neighborhood for her thieves. Over 5,000 girls have come to Jo Nobu family she dared, in 1926, to sell out and build a because of those sign-boards. (Now such signs big home in Harada. The new Home includes a are copied and put up by welfare organizations girls' and women's department where they are other than Christian.) The records show 2,751 taught domestic science and sewing and are pre- women and girls have lived in the Home for a pared for positions as maids-a mother's depart- time while they have been readjusting their lives.

ment with ten tiny apartments, each consisting of There are some eighty living with her all the time.

one room and a tiny kitchen, where a woman with It costs over 15,000 yen every year to run this children can live and take care10f her own. There institution on the most economical lines.

is a children's department where one finds a very Mrs. Jo's friends rejoice that during the past well equipped kindergarten for 150 in which the few years her work has been recognized by the mothers can leave their children. Her newest public and the government. . . . Officials recogventure is a small dormitory in Rokko where nize her as a woman of rare judgment and comworking girls, on a salary too small to live de- mon sense and ability. To this she adds a heart cently, can have a Christian home. of love and a spirit so Christlike that it wins rich The thing for which Mrs. Jo is best known in and poor, high and low.

the Kwansei district is the "WAIT A MINUTE" Besides running this big Home and giving unsign-boards that she has erected, electrically limited time to the personal side of every case, lighted and put up at places where there are fre- Mrs. J 0 is in demand all the time to speak in quent suicides. The first one was erected in Suma. purity and prohibition campaigns. During the It is a curious fact that in Japan people choose a last three months she made 18 lecture trips. When fashionable place for suicide. Young men and at Omi Imazu she spoke for three hours to an women go from all over Japan, and even from audience of over 1,000 people who stayed till Shanghai and Manila and Hongkong, to throw eleven 0'clock, asking questions as to the way in themselves into the crater of Aso or Asama or to which they might clean up their town. She speaks jump from the Kegon waterfall at Nikko. Suma, so courageously against the brothel and all forms a beautiful suburb of Kobe on the seashore, has of exploitation that she is often attacked by ruflong had a reputation as a suicide pact spot. A fians after her meetings and threatened by brothel factory girl first set the fashion and the papers keepers and liquor-sellers. Eighteen times she wrote it up so luridly that a stream of people, one has been attacked seriously. Absolutely without every day and often two, came to this spot to take fear she attacks anything or anyone that drags their lives until the police were in despair. (Here down the womanhood of her country. In many the fast trains go around a sharp curve at a place places they have advertised her as the "Woman especially beautiful for its scenery. Seascape and Kagawa." mountain make their last look at the fair earth a dream of heaven.) Mrs. Jo was so desperate at Forty-two years ago at the Matsuyama Girl's this condition that she consulted officials and School this Nobu Jo was baptized, led to her deci- Christian workers and put up a huge sign-board sion by one of the first missionaries to Japan, Mrs. reading: Cunnison, whose name is hardly known now. Where would the unusual strength and ability of "WAIT A MINUTE – GOD Is LOVE – IF this unusual girl have taken her without this You FEEL THAT You MUST TAKE YOUR guidance? Where would the thousands of women LIFE, WHY NOT COME AND TALK IT OVER and girls off the streets of Kobe have found a WITH Jo NOBU." mother and a home?

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Effective Ways of Working I 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home , i EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~r-=——~~~-=======-'-'–~~~_~=—–~–=I4ii)'

OUR SUMMER SURVEY As a means to the foregoing adult mISSIOn study is neither ends, saturate the planning wholesome nor profitable. Mis- The time draws near for mis- board with the best of the new sionary information and missionary planners to don their literature, inclusive of the study sionary giving are the Siamese distance glasses and I 0 0 k books, so that they may inte- Twins of the cause. And don't thoughtfully over the field of grate the local themes and meth- forget at least one interdenominext year's endeavor-taking ods with the plans for the cur- national gathering for fellow- "summer vacation" rather than rent year. As it is manifestly ship and the exchange of plans Jan. 1 as the equatorial bound- impracticable for every member and ideas. "The Best Thing We ary. Autumn is the well-nigh to read all the books, assign cer- Have Tried This Year" would universal birthday for new Year tain tasks to different individuals be a fertile topic for discussion. Books: and summer leisure, con- well in advance, so that the ventions and conferences afford eventual planning shall be syn- 6. Plan for unique invitations, opportunity for fresh plans and thetic and cooperative rather posters, souvenirs, where the a new outlook. What are some than a rubber-stamping of the latter are used. The business of the high lights worth incor- leader's ideas. After due atten- world should not be given the porating? tion to the foregoing fundamen- monopoly of the art of advertis- tals, invoke all the natural aids ing. It pays inside the church 1. As a prime prerequisite, possible to make the planning at- as well as outside. see to it that your planning com- tractive. "The best is none too mittee realizes the paramount good." To that end, note the 7. Choose a dominant theme importance of the task-not as following: to be played up to through the an adjunct to Christian work year or a definite period, using but the Church's supreme en- 2. Strive for artistry and its variations in picturesque deavor without which it has no literary quality in the make-up ways calling for a play of imagijustification for considering it- of your Year Book or other nation on a groundwork of facts self more than a club or frater- printed activating material. and ideals. There is no question nal order. Use preparatory Worthful things are much more about the attractiveness as well means to give the committee effective if pleasing. as the value of sequence. The membership the far vision and kangaroo is an undesirable masthe inclusive spirit-the whole 3. Expel the Faithful Tradi- cot for the missionary society, world for the field, the whole tionalists and live up to your own landing this week on China and human family as the brother- membership in the Anti-Rut So- next week amidst the islands of hood, the missionary working ciety by aiming at freshness, the Seven Seas. Follow, if pospersonnel cooperating freely out- variety, change rather than du- sible, the dominant theme for the side of denominational corrals. plication. How many program current year and thus conserve One hears too much of "the tri- committees are expert manifold- the values of the helps exploited umphs of our Baptist work," ers of "the usual"! in missionary publications. This "our Methodist work," "our will involve keeping abreast of Presbyterian work," when it 4. Plan for recognition of the times and recognizing to should be "the triumphs of our special seasons and red letter some extent at least the year's Master's work." A discriminat- days. Timeliness is always dou- study and reading books, even ing study of the Laymen's In- bly acceptable. if a definite period in the church quiry, "Re-Thinking Missions," year is set apart for a School of (in conjunction with Dr. Speer's 5. Arrange the year's schedule Missions. "Re-Thinking Missions Exam- to include joint meetings of variined") is calculated to remedy ous missionary units in the 8. Take pains to coordinate short-sightedness and denomi- church so there may be mutual sub-themes, devotionals, music,. national clannishness. Then we appreciation and teamwork. If news items and refreshments or should pray sincerely for divine you have daytime sessions, as in luncheons, if any, with your guidance in shaping plans not the case of Women's Societies, dominant keynote. merely ex post facto blessing hold an occasional evening meetupon them. ing to include family groups and 9. Choose carefully the per- especially "the men folk." The sonnel for the various plans and usual feminine monopoly of programs, aiming not only to [323]

give all the membership tasks sionaries should read "God's country was revealed.) Her and recognition, but the assign- Candlelights" because of its hostess tactfully led her to re- ments for which nature seems to beauty and charm . . . and alize that if God were the Father have fitted them. "Where does again and again with question- of Africans as well as of herself, he fit?" "In what does she ex- ing as to whether there is not we must be brothers and sisters, cel ?" These queries should be being disclosed a more excellent and she finally went home re- expertly answered. way." The ensuing passage tells solved to think the matter over Lastly, make a place in the how the new idea of the Holy and do her best to change her planning for an annual presen- Spirit was taught on the back- instinctive attitude of mind.

tation of missionary magazines ground of the African's natural (This is not unusual.) and solicit new subscriptions in idea of the Great Spirit, and the A PROGRAM: LIGHT FOR THE an atmosphere of specially cre- catechism was made to read, "I DARK CONTINENT. As an adverated interest. Except for actual believe in the Chief Jesus Christ tisement poster use a darkened contacts with missionary work- and in His law," etc. "The aim outline map of Africa (or black ers, no means of awakening and was so to present the Christian cut-out pasted on light ground) , sustaining interest compares faith to the community and to with the frequent reading of at- the individual that they see it a yellow candle built or sketched tractive missionary literature. not as the White Man's religion in at point where emphasis is to Plans for unique presentations be placed. Inscription: "Come of the magazines will be found but as the fulfilment of that to- to our candle-lighting service in the April, (1932), and April, wards which their fat her s (1933), issues of this depart- groped-a way of life not and hear about lives that have ment. Special suggestions for through foreign 1and s but been great lights in darkest programs and Year Book building were given in May, June and through the familiar ways of Africa." As a visualization at December, (1932). Every issue their own thought and habit. the service, use a large candecontains tried-and-proved-good Christianity is a gradual expan- labrum or group of candles cenplans which you may well ponder. It is nothing short of crimi- sion of life in all of its mani- tered by a tall white one. When nal waste to let past copies of festations, whether lived in the meeting is called to order, de- THE REVIEW go the way of the village, in a European town or "01' rags, 01' paper" collector! in the large mine compound. . .. votional leader takes her place without announcement saying, The Year's Study Themes Through the African love of "I represent the Headlight on dancing and pageant and plays this program to illumine the way GOD'S CANDLELIGHTS. In The the Gospel story is impressed." through the Dark Continent." South African Outlook, (Febru- Lights central candle and anary, 1933), a "Challenge in Mis- A wealth of concrete illustra- nounces hymn, "The Light of the sionary Methods" is sounded tions impresses the lesson of this which may well be considered book that "Christianity is not World Is Jesus." Calls on audiby all pastors and missionary another cataclysmic change, not ence for Scripture verses menleaders regardless of the specific tioning Light. (Have a few pretheme under discussion, for it still more of the White Man's viously prepared.) Prayer for wisdom and cunning, but some- thing essentially theirs." Can more human candlelights in the needy land. you get this viewpoint across to your constituency in the next Program leader as Keeper of few months? the Lights then comes forward and impresses need for immedi- incorporates one of the sugges- AFRICA IN YOUR HOME. This ate illumination to keep pace tions in the much-discussed "Re- was a demonstration given by with the new commercialism and Thinking Missions." The writer two women, one of whom had no industrialism that are exploiting says, in part: use for Africans or African the vast continent. Gives basic "Within recent years the de- products, resenting having her facts briefly. Summons first mand has become more and more coal delivered by a Negro or ac- Candle-Bearer who will shed the insistent that the role of the mis- cepting a laundress who proved Light of Evangelism (lights sionary is not to destroy but to to be of that race. She discarded from central candle a red one, fulfil what is good in primitive her rubbers when told of the to represent this speaker) .

Africa. The life of the African vast output of the raw material Second Candle-Bearer similarly is essentially social and based on from Africa, put back a half- receives blue candle and speaks tribal conditions and customs; eaten chocolate on hearing how on the Light of Education.

therefore everything that is much chocolate was shipped Third, with yellow candle, gives good in the African's heritage from Africa, and even a diamond talk on the Light of the Healer should be conserved, enriched ring given her by her husband (medical missions). Mus i c, and ennobled by contact with the lost its attraction when the "Send Out Thy Light." The spirit of Christ. Many have source of diamonds was made Searchlight speaker is next sumwished for a fuller account than known. The cotton in her dress, moned to peer into the future has hitherto appeared of the life the palm-olive soap, her piano (needs, new methods, etc.) . Proand work there, and their desire keys, etc., all came in for like gram may conclude with prayer has been met by the publication disfavor. (Thus artfully our or else a beautiful candIe-lightof "God's Candlelights." Mis- economic dependence upon that ing ceremony in which audience

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

files past candelabrum and "It will be pioneering for me "You're one of 'God's Candle- lights tiny candles while they indeed," said one of the "Eastern lights' (A), my child," said the sing, "Send the Light," or sim- Women" (A), "but I am quite old gentleman kindly. "If you ilar hymn. willing to 'Follow the Leader' burn faithfully in your little (J) as we explore 'The Chris- corner, you may do as much good Introducing New Literature tian Mission in America' (A)." as we older folk in ours." Our hearty country luncheon This should be a dominant "Yes," spoke up an earnest- was finished by this time, and note in the summer or early au- faced business man, "this tour after signing "The Yellow tumn program of church, mis- affords me a long-coveted oppor- Friendly Book" (P) in which a sionary society, denominational tunity to make my own survey record of all tourists was kept, convention or associational gath- of 'Christianity and Industry in we were again on our way. The ering. Send for the descriptive America' (A), which involves busy afternoon was marred by catalogue listing by grade and one of the severest practical only one unpleasant incident, tests to which the teachings of when some of the party became subject the study and reading the Carpenter of Nazareth can books published by the Mission- be subjected." faint from flying at such an altiary Education Movement, in- tude when crossing the Rocky cluding those issued jointly with "I am glad to see some young Mountains and inquired anxious- people among my passengers," ly, "'How Far to the Nearest the Council of Women for Home remarked the pilot as the plane Doctor?'" (I). The dizziness Missions, addressing your de- hummed merrily along over soon disappeared however. meadows and mountains, almost nominational department of mis- droWning even his hearty voice. Each succeeding day brought sionary education or the Mis- "They must be the 'Builders of a sionary Education Movement, New World' (Y)-and a far bet- its meed of information. "'So 150 Fifth Ave., New York City. ter one we hope. 'Today's Youth This Is Missions,'" (Y) ex- Then try using the following and Tomorrow's World' (S)- story presented by some en- that's our hope for 'Christianitv claimed the man from Missouri, thusiastic leader (given from and the Health of the World' as we landed in Los Angeles for a few days of rest before beginnotes, not read), in which nearly (I) ." ning the second week. "When all the new volumes prepared for we embarked I thought I was study and supplementary read- Our first landing was made at launching on a foolish quest, ing are incorporated. At the noon somewhere in a backwoods mention of each book have region of the South which a just because I had promised my someone step promptly forward pastor to make a first hand inon the platform, holding up the much-traveled elderly man said vestigation of an enterprise almost made him think he was volume, or, if not all those men- "In the African Bush" (J) again, which I deemed neither profittioned are at hand, using a pla- especially as the luncheon sum- able nor promising. It now apcard, poster or replica of the mons from the cook shack was "The Call Drum" (P) in the peals to me as being in every book cover. Have the partici- hands of a little negro lad. "'If way the best worthwhile investpants fall into groups accord- I Lived in Africa'" (J), added ment of time, money and life the genial traveler, "'The Chil- which a Christian can possibly ing to the graded classifications, dren of the Chief' (P) would make. To the limit of my ability adult studies in one group, young people's in another, etc. In the I will now back the Enterprise following story, the books for of the Great Commission."

adults are designated (A) ; young gather around and watch me, Other good methods for prepeople (Y) ; seniors (S) ; inter- wide-eyed, as I wielded my mediates (1) ; juniors (J) ; pri- senting study and reading books mary (P); and beginners (B). knife and fork-implements as are given in the February, 1932, awkward for them as 'Wee issue of this department, as fol- Wong's' (B) chopsticks once lows: Dramatizing the Reading Voyage of the Airplane, proved for me. I really grew List; Around Our Library "Goodwill" very fond of 'Kembo; a Little Table, or The Animated Cata- Girl of Africa' (B), and I be- logue, with reporters sitting "All aboard!" called the pilot lieve she might have grown into around a library table and in cheery tones as our party of a fine Christian woman if she brought into action by a libra- "Pioneers of Goodwill" (I) stood could have become one of your rian, or else having the various around the capacious airship ad- 'Child Neighbors in America' publications come to life and miring its graceful lines. "We (P) "-addressing the alert lit- speak in the first person; the must get started while the visi- tle girl who was proving the life Recipe for a Delicious Literature bility is high if we would carry of our party. "You would know Cake, the last-named being a the 'Good News Across the better how to entertain her than very snappy presentation of all Continent' (I), of 'The Never I did, my dear, for it is remark- the new material, at the opening Fading L i g h t' (A). We're able how 'Young America Makes of the autumn schedule. What- ever the plan, get the new liter- 'Craftsmen All' (A), but to some Friends' (J)." of you this will be a new experi- "I'm afraid, Sir," said the lit- ature into action early in your ence as you 'Meet Your United tle girl modestly, "that I couldn't organizational year, and then States' (I) at near range." shine very far for Jesus yet." watch it work!

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BULLETIN OF i The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~i"""'~~-=——==—–=—~……..~——-==—-~~~-==–=—-=—–~~, CONTINUE IN PRAYER heavy; her whole life must be a have done individually and col- lectively has brought us to these "Continue in prayer and watch d e d i cat ion. The desire to days, called depressing and dark. in the same with thanksgiving," strengthen home ties, to enrich as the Apostle Paul has said in home associations and to lift The opening chapter of Dr. his letter to the Colossians, is a home aspirations comes just by Kerr's book is named "The Ever springtime message in the setting the worthy example at Challenging Gospel." The closcombination of "watch" and our own firesides, and by estab- ing paragraph outlines the sub- "thanksgiving." lishing our own family altar." ject matter of the book.- Another has said that we Prayer: Our loving and all- This is the Christian mission in should pray hardest when it is America. It is the effort to share hardest to pray. In all our pray- wise Heavenly Father we come Christ with all men whatever their ing and in all our watching and to Thee with hearts full of grati- race or religion. It is not set for waiting it is profitable that we tude thanking Thee for Thy battle against any man or against search our hearts and be grate- any man's faith; it is consecrated to ful that we are God's children, gracious care, thanking Thee for the task of giving him the best we grateful that Jesus Himself has Thy willing forgiveness and for have—Jesus Christ. This book is an invited us to follow Him, grate- Thy greatest gift-Christ, our attempt to show with what success ful for His amazing declara- Saviour. We live and have our this effort has been carried forward. tion,- being in Thy love. For our for- In this first chapter the moral wrong- ness of our modern world and the Ye did not choose me, but I getfulness and for our wander- adequacy of the Gospel to meet this chose you, and appointed you, ings we ask Thy forgiveness. moral wrongness have been set forth. that ye should go and bear fruit, For our worries and for all our This is primary, for before there can and that your fruit Ishould thoughtlessness t hat h a v e be any enthusiasm for missions there abide: that whatsoever ye shall dimmed our vision of Thy loving must be enthusiasm for the Gospel ask of the Father in my name, itself. The second chapter interprets he may give it you. face we claim Thy forgetfulness. the faith of the fathers and enquires May Thy peace and prayer be whether their children have kept that And the nth e significant upon our homes and with our faith. The third chapter analyzes the principles which compelled the expan- children and with all men and sion of Christianity in the early women everywhere. In His Church and endeavors to show that Name we pray. Amen.

searching command- THE CHRISTIAN MISSION these same principles are operative in These things I command you our modern world. The fourth chap- IN AMERICA ter considers some phases of the that ye may love one another. Church's task in transmitting the "There is a direct implication The very first sentence in Gospel to the younger generation and Hugh T. Kerr's book, "The opens interesting questions concernfor the inspiration of the home Christian Mission in America,"* ing the loyalty of youth to Christ builder and the home lover in speaks of "a moving of the dawn and the Church. The fifth chapter these words of the Master and in wind as if the morning were at examines the charter of the Christian the call to prayer. The corner- hand . . . Disillusioned as to Church and enquires into its allestone of the home is the family economic security and social giance to its message and mission. It altar and the very life of the progress there is confident hope seeks to present an apologia for the nation rises from the spiritual that the night is far spent and Church of today. The last chapter foundation of its homes," writes the day is at hand." introduces the reader to the inspiring Mrs. Daniel A. Poling, president motive and sustaining power of all of the Council of Women for More than one person may ask, missionary work-the cross of Christ, Home Missions. "What shall we Christians do which is in our age as in every age about it?" If the answer is the power and the wisdom of God. "What are we doing to build "Study, and think before actand to rebuild the American ing," the question comes back, WORLD PEACE AND THE Christian home? Here is a fair ''We have studied and we have question. Certainly more real thought, to what purpose? Let's CHRISTIAN CITIZEN preparation is needed. do something." Surely what we A program for church women "There will be few to question • To be publlsbed In May by Council or prepared by Mrs. Thomas Conthe statement that the mother's 'Vomen for Home Missions and MiSSionary yngton and Mrs. Pierson P. Harvocation is the greatest of all. Education Movement. ris of the Mid-Atlantic Confer- Her task, her burden is very ence, Congregational-Christian Women's Association.

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WOMEN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

I. Opening Service. III. Moral Disarmament-The into the faces of the world Hymn-O God of Love, 0 Disarmed Mind (Service through the light of Christ's re- King of Peace, (Tune of worship to be held at gard for personality, that we Hesperus). the close of a meeting for lose all sense of race rivalry and Scripture-Micah 4: 1-6; World Peace). hatred of alien skin and feat- Ephesians 4: 1-6. Call to Worship ures of ours as the superior hu- Prayer. manity and gain the desire to II. The wolf shall dwell with the grasp the hands of "our broth- Study Program. ers." Moral disarmament cannot ldaomwb~ and the leopard shall lie come through debate, or through A. Interdependence of with the kid; and the calf pages of figures, or through eco- Nations – economic; nomic necessity alone. When we political; social (mat- and the young lion and the fat- see personality shining through ters of health, use of the external, when we see that drugs, etc.); cul- ling together; and a little child personality as God's supreme tural. concern,-then only will we "dis- shall lead them. (Isaiah 11: 6). arm the hearts,"-then only will B. War Machinery – we realize that armaments, sus- counteracting peace In hearts too young for enmity picions, and prejudi~es which lead inevitably to conflIct, cannot progress, – ArI?Y There lies the way to make men free. be. We must make this a moral and Navy eqUIp- issue; we must make folks un- ment; munitions; When children's friendships are world- derstand that brother cannot power of organized kill brother any more than he war forces as ex- wide can violate other great moral pressed in personal interests, armament New ages will be glorified. laws. Do you remember Henry van interests, and R. o. Let child love child, and strife will Dyke's story of "Th~ H~ro and T. C. (Reserve Offi- cease; . Tin Soldiers" found III hIS book, c e r s' T r a i n i n g "The Valley of Vision"? It con- Corps) . Disarm the hearts, for that IS peace. cerns Captain Walter Mayne, C. Peace Machinery – home from war for Christmas working toward a Hymn: Choice of the following Day. One leg was gone 3;nd ~e negotiated rat her was ill but he was home WIth hIS than an enforced or a similar one, if these are family. When his eldest s<?n peace as expressed not· in hymn book: in – League of Na- came in with a big box. of tIll tions ; World Court; 1. These Things Shall Be-A soldiers sent by Aunt EmIly, the Nine – Pow~r Pact; Loftier Race. (No. 293 in The father said to the child, "You Kellogg – B ria n d have lots of other toys, you Pact (Stimson inter- New Hymnal for American know. Would you give the sol- pretation) . Youth.) D. Obligation of Chris- diers to me?" tian Citizens- 2. At Length There Dawns a Glorious Day. (No. 286 in The The child looked up at him 1. As voters, know puzzled for a moment; then a the position of candi- New Hymnal for American flash of comprehension passed dates on internation- over his face and he nodded val- al as well as national Youth.) iantly. "Sure, father, ~ou'~~ the affairs. Let them Captain; keep the soldIers. know yours. 3. In Christ There Is No East Then Captain Mayne burned 2. Make use of the or West. (No. 299 in The New power of public opin- Hymnal for American youth.) the soldiers and said to the pas- ion. Thought for the Day. (To be given by the Leader.) Recently I found a poem that was written soon after the World War, called "German Prisoners."

When first I saw you in the curious street I,ike some platoon of soldier ghosts in grey, . My mad impulse was all to smIte and slay, , To spit upon you-tread you neath my feet.

But when I saw how each sad soul did greet My gaze with no sign or defiant frown, .. How from tired eyes looked SPIritS broken down, tor sitting near by: 3. Unite with oth- er organizations in How each face showed the pale flag "If ever I find my little boy support of legisla- playing with tin soldiers, I shall tion helpful to the of defeat . spank him wel~. No, tha.t would And doubt, despair and disillUSIOn- ment, And how were grievous wounds on not be quite faIr, would It? But cause of Peace. many a head, And on your garb red-faced was other I shall tell him why he must not 4. Cooperate fully do it and I shall make him un- with all local groups red, derstand that it's an imp?ssible working in definite And how you stooped as men whose thing." ways for the further- strength was spent, I knew that we had suffered each as ance of international "I shall make him understand understanding. other, that it's an impossible thing." And could have grasped your hand 5. Continue study and cried, "My Brother!" Morally impossible! We, too, of international as -Joseph Lee. must find war morally impossi- well as national af- "When first I saw-how each ble. We, too, must have moral fairs. face!" It is only when we look disarmament. Our W orld~wide Outlook ~—===A=M=iss=ion=ary=N=ews=pa=per=of=Cu=rre=nt =Eve=nts—=I~'

AFRICA only one small rag to wear, gave Christian work among women him his only sin g let. This and girls 1" VVhat One Leper Did Christian boy who is an orphan, Visiting East Africa Through the g i f t s of the A mer i can Mission to Lepers, remembered when he himself nine brick cottages have been constructed to form a leper col- wan d ere d hopelessly about, Rev. W. S. Nelson of Tripoli, ony near Central Hospital at Elat, West Africa. L e per s sometimes insufficiently clad and Syria, writes of a visit to Ugancleared the ground, made the often hungry. da. A missionary who had brick and served as carpenters served there for 36 years told and masons under the direction -C. M. S. Outlook. of the American Presbyterian Mission. The Hospital Report A Congo Memory Contest him that when he first went to for 1932 tells of one leper, who, Uganda there were about 8,000 single handed, has been going In a preparatory school of the Christians in the state, while into neighboring villages doing Congo, where 12 men from Lolo now the enrolled Protestants are personal work with those who and 16 from Vungu had been in a quarter of a million, with an never attend church services. school for one year, the book of equal number of Catholics. In He has been used of God in win- Colossians was chosen for the a total population of three milning forty-five souls to Christ. Bible study, and a goal was set lion there are only 65,000 Mos- Other lepers, closely associated for each man to commit the with him; report sixty-two more whole book to memory. Some lems, so the Christian numbers that this one leper has brought read with difficulty, but there show a relatively large proporto a saving knowledge of Jesus was a remarkable measure of tion. There is a finely equipped Christ last year, thus making a success. Of ten participants Mengo Hospital operated by the total of 107 souls won. four received a perfect mark and the reward, a small French C. M. S. It has about 160 beds -Drum Call. Testament. After a competitor in all departments. As it has made four mistakes he was out the only X-ray in Uganda it VValk 140 Miles to School of the running. does all tbis kind of work for the in Africa -Congo Mission News. government h 0 s pit a I as well. Every effort is concentrated up- Five tribes are represented in the Boys' Agricultural Mission on efficient service. The visitor School at Katoke, British East Africa. There are fifty boarders Practical Progress in Angola can now travel in comfort and a village school with forty- through a region where less than five boys. Twenty-five boys Dr. H. S. Hollenbeck of the a century ago were dense jungles came on foot'from Bugufi, a dis- American Boa r d Mission at and savage men and beasts. tance of about 140 miles. Some Sachikela, West Central Africa, set out with just a thin cloth -Presbyterian Advance. and no blanket, and with only describes the Native Church as sufficient food to last two or three days. The journey takes practical and progressive, grow- Har.tzell School's New about eight days or more. The ing steadily in membership and Building natives in these parts are not maintaining its enthusiasm. To hospitable and will not ordinarily provide for and lodge a prove the point he compares the As a memorial to Bishop J 0stranger for a night. The boys simply trusted in God to help subjects for discussion at the seph C. Hartzell of the Methothem and all arrived safely. One was a boy of about eight. A Foreign Missions Conference at dist Episcopal Church there has Christian boy in the school, seeing that this little fellow had Atlantic City and those in An- been completed at Old Umtali, gola. At Atlantic City: "(a) Rhodesia, a new educational Village agriculture and indus- building for the Hartzell Train- try; (b) Health and hygiene in ing School, to train pastor-teach- villages; (c) Mass education; ers for Christian service. In (d) Specialized service for wom- 1900, Bishop Hartzell opened en and girls." The Native the work at Old Umtali and later Church agenda: "(a) How can under Bishop Johnson it spread the Church help make the med- until today the Rhodesia Mis- ical work more effective in the sion Conference has four dis- village?; (b) What can we do to tricts. The Christian commu- improve our agriculture?; (c) nity numbers 7,500, and there How can we encourage larger at- are 6,000 Sunday-school pupils tendance at school?; (d) What in n i net y schools. Hartzell steps can we take to promote Training School is the chief cen- [328]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ter for these four districts. Ra- Iraq Missions the injustice and evils of caste diating from here, the Christian With its entry into the League is going forward. As one result workers enter a territory of of Nations as an independent a proposal has been made by 62,500 square miles-the size of kingdom, Iraq has attained a de- some of the Hindu priests that the states of New York, New gree of publicity, and has shown a purification ceremony for out- Jersey and Massachusetts. some evidence of becoming in castes may be introduced to solve reality what it is in name. As the problem of permitting them -Christian Advocate. conditions to entrance into the to use the temples. The tide League, Iraq gave several guar- seems to be turning in favor of WESTERN ASIA antees, two of which affect mis- the removal of untouchability, a sions. One is freedom of con- curse which has for so long kept Bible Readers in Bible Lands science and worship, and the 60,000,000 Hindus in bondage free exercise of religious, edu- and poverty, ignorance and dis- The Bible Society has provided pair. funds to translate the Bible into cational and medical activities of A r a b i c and Armenian. The all denominations subject to the Bible Readers Association has maintenance of public order and High Caste Inquirers published 2,000 leaflets annually, morality. The other is of the containing daily Bible readings equal rights of racial, religious The Alliance mission in India and linguistic minorities. reports a unique situation in as a help to Sunday-school teach- their field. A number of high ers and students. In many vil- -Outlook of Missions. caste Hindus have been attractlage schools they are used in con- ed, and come to the mission nection with the daily prayers INDIA, BURMA AND SIAM bungalow at Murtizapur (Ber- ar) almost daily to read the in the school, so that actually India's Anti-Untouchability Bible and inquire concerning the many more than 2,000 persons Movement Way of Life. They are among the most influential men in the are benefited by the leaflets. A few years ago the Hindu town, and most of them are This Society seems to persuade caste system seemed like an in- wealthy. This, together with people of all ages and of many destructible barrier to Christian their high caste, makes it exceednationalities to read a portion of progress in India. Today there ingly difficult for them to accept the Bible each day. Today the are increasing evidences that the Christ, but some of them are Society has nearly a million system is slowly crumbling. An very near the Kingdom. members in many lands, includ- All – India Anti – Untouchability ing 2,000 or more in the Near -Alliance Weekly. East.-Bible Lands S. S. News.

A New Conference Center League has been founded and Indian Church Over 100 Mahatma Gandhi's fast has stim- Since the War, C h r i s t ian ulated the movement. Now he Years Old workers in the Near East have increasingly sensed the value of has announced a new fast be- Bruce Petta church, Bellary, conferences as a means for the cause he finds that caste is a has long passed its hundredth exchange of thought and expe- greater evil than he thought. birthday. It is the mot her rience, for increasing fellowship Church of the district, and has While Mr. Gandhi has aroused Hindu public opinion and led a membership of over a hundred and sixty. Some of the older and u n d e r s tan din g among many to think of the social evils members began life as Hindus, groups of workers. It follows of untouchability, orthodox Hin- but most have been born in that a permanent conference dus have also been aroused to center, devoted exclusively to defend the ancient custom and Christian homes and have little temptation to join in H in d u this great service, is found nec- its religious basis.. They are ap- feasts or ceremonies. On the essary, and the American Pres- whole, it is an educated group; byterian Mission has granted on pealing to the British Govern- many of the young men are ment's pledge of neutrality and teachers or in government servgenerous terms a five-year lease non – interference in religious ice. Also, many of the women of a building of the Mission in matters, strongly opposing the are teachers in government or Choueir, in which the Bible Untouchability Abolition Bill, mission schools. Lands Sunday School Union pur- proposed for the Central Legisposes to conduct annually dur- lative Assembly, and the Temple ing the summer months a con- Entry Bill for Madras. The ference center, hoping it may latter, which has been disap- If contributions are evidence, meet the needs of many mis- proved by the Viceroy, would this church has grown stronger; sions, societies, churches and permit untouchables to enter the it has not only paid all its ex- individuals for physical and temples-from a Christian view- penses but contributed toward spiritual refreshment. Several point a doubtful privilege. A the Council. The disappointing conferences, conventions and in- similar bi11 has been introduced feature is that it does not grow stitutes have been tentatively into the Legislative Assembly in" by additions from the Hindu booked for this summer. Delhi. community, yet it stands for def- -Bible Lands S. S. Union In the meantime the work of inite Christianity.

Leaflet. educating the Hindu public on -The L. M. S. Chronicle.

Aid for Pariahs nothing left. Others made sim- 2. Are not Hindu temples the lowest thing in Hinduism? Since September, 1932, the ilar sacrificial gifts. ANSWER: I do not think so for Government has allowed Mahatma Gandhi freedom to carryon Vellore Medical School Opened one moment. Temples are to work connected with the remov- Hindus what churches are to al of untouchability. Statements Vellore Medical School for Christians. . . That in Hinduism and interviews that emanate Women, the institution built and we have images of stone or metfrom his prison are eagerly read equipped through the untiring al inside temples makes to me no efforts of Dr. Ida Scudder, was difference. .. Deprive a Hindu and discussed by all classes. Work formally dedicated on December of his temple and you deprive in this connection has grown so 2, 1932. Streams of visitors him of the thing he generally made their way to the scene by much in volume and value that car or cart or afoot, while red prizes most in life. .. It is my it was thought advisable to start turbaned police made sure that conviction that temples are an a weekly paper exclusively for nothing should obstruct the way integral part of Hinduism.

discussion of topics related to the removal of untouchability. for the Governor of Madras, Salvation Army Commended The first number appeared on Lord Stanley. His speech and February 11 from Poona under that of the Surgeon-G e n era 1 G e n era I Higgins, Salvation the title Harijan, meaning liter- showed how deeply the Govern- Army Chief, has made a tour of ally "God's people." Mr. Gand- ment appreciates the aid which India. When presiding over a hi, [who has just been released mission institutions, such as this, Bombay City meeting in his honfrom prison and has begun an- supply in fighting disease and or, the governor of Bombay other prolonged fast] writes ignorance. The appreciation of said: most of the articles. the patients finds its voice in It is a relief in these days of con- fusion, even opposition, between pol- -Christian Century. such testimonies as this: "Oh, I itics and religion, to find a body of Sacrificial Giving-A Spiritual always go to Vellore Mission workers who prefer work to words, Hospital. There is no other and whose policy is to devote them- Tonic where they are so kind and lov- selves entirely to the practical issues ing, or where they take such of human life. They have chosen the Rev. W. G. Menzies of the pains to look after everyone, motto of Him who "went about do- Central Provinces gives the fol- rich or poor. My mother always ing good," and who inculcated the lowing proof that financial de- went to the Big Doctor (Dr. doctrine of rendering to all their dues. pression can be a spiritual tonic: Ida) and I always go to that young woman the Big Doctor In reply General Higgins said: "Our masons, carpenters and has trained. She knows just "The four Salvation Army ofother artisans have had about what to do." ficers that originally came to Infour months' work this year. dia have increased to 4,000 com- Some of their number suggested -Christian Intelligencer. missioned officers today; and that they would do better not to where there was only one Army have a Thanksgiving on account Mr. Gandhi on Hinduism center in Bombay in the old of unemployment and h a r d days, there are today 5,000 times. The farmers of the com- The answers given to Dr. E. centers." Reviewing the Army's munity have had little or no Stanley Jones by M a hat m a history in India he mentioned hauling to do and their prices Gandhi, during a recent conver- three stages in its growth: first for grain are so low that they sation in Yeravda prison, are one of persecution, when officers cannot afford to sell it, but they thus reported by Mr. Gandhi of the Army sometimes paid for decided to have their Thanksgiv- himself in The Indian Witness their convictions with the i r ing just the same. I have never (March 2, 1933). lives; one of misrepresentation, seen more heroic giving. Fifty when it was suggested that the maunds of grain were stacked 1. Why do you not try to do work of the officers was being at the rostrum in the church. away with the caste system al- done mainly for mercenary pur- Men, women and children came together? poses; and lastly a chapter of forward and in cash laid their appreciation and praise. off e ri n g on the table. It ANSWER – Untouchability as practiced in Hinduism is a sin -Dnyanodaya. against God and man … Un- amounted to Rs. 374 and others touchability of a healthy kind is Baptisms in Burma gave to bring it up to Rs. 400. undoubtedly to be found in the This exceeds many of the offer- Shastras and it is universal in In a section of Burma where ings they have given in years all religions. It is a rule of sani- the Gospel Teams toured some that were flourishing. This has tation. .. The castes are a social three years ago there gathered come about by continual teach- institution. There is nothing by the edge of a lake about six ing on stewardship and tithing. sinful about them. .. They are to eight hundred people. Twelve There were those in our midst no bar to spiritual progress … men in white coats received one that gave the widow's mite for I am a firm believer in Varna- after another candidates for they gave all they had in their shram … (four principal castes) baptism who had already been possession. One old couple gave They are a gift of Hinduism to accepted by their churches in their last four pice each and had mankind. nearby villages. It was found

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

that 353 persons had confessed weeks in the slack season, and village industries and agricul- Christ by baptism. More than to teach them to master a thou- tural cooperatives.

half came from families that had sand characters so that they can Most important of all is the found no satisfaction in Bud- read simple books written in this change of mind that has come dhism, and were now seeking it vocabulary. When they have over China's leaders who now in Christ. This was only one re- "graduated" fro m this first see that by proper programs the sult of the work of the Gospel stage they can take further· menace of recurring famines can Teams. Village pastors and the teaching in religion, improved be 0 v e r com e. Thousands of district evangelist, a leading man agricultural methods, or some square miles of fertile land are in Burma who two years ago subject allied to their particular now adequately assured of water represented the K are n s of occupation. One of the greatest through engineered irrigation Burma at the India Round Table advantages of the plan is that it works and are producing food Conferences held in Lon don, calls for active help from young, in spite of drouth while motor have been stirred up with the educated Christians. roads make possible the rapid power of the Holy Spirit. -C. M. S. Outlook. transportation of food into areas Cantonese Church, Bangkok Teaching the Illiterate in that otherwise would be plunged into the direst distress when The Christian work among Honan drouth, hail, locusts and other Chinese in Bangkok includes a Rev. J. H. Bruce, missionary calamities occur. school, an organized church, a of the United. Church of Can- Fighting the Opium Evil street chapel, and daily preach- ada, writes of country classes held at a village 40 miles west The "Anti-Opium Society," oring of the Gospel on the streets of Weihwei, Honan, a region ganized by Swatow Christian In- marked by poverty, ignorance stitute, South China and in of Bangkok. Important ad- and sin. Since few could read which other organizations are or write, the first lessons were represented, had a week of lecvances have been made in the Phonetic Script, which abo u t tures on the evils of opium. A thirty boys and girls succeeded petition was sent to the Provinwork of the Cantonese Church in learning in two weeks' time, cial Government, asking that being able to read Gospel of measures be taken to prohibit during the past year; the organ- Luke. Fifty-seven boys in all the raising of poppy plants. This were under instruction, in addi- was granted, and notices were ization of the Cantonese Church tion to adults. Twice a day all sent out to that effect, officials were drilled in the singing of being sent to see that the order with its national pastor, two hymns. Each noon the classes was enforced. Another petition would assemble to consider the which received favorable attenelders, seven deacons and a meaning of the Christian life, tion asked that in every large and all were urged to respond to city some provision be made for membership of 117 and the re- the call of Christ to follow Him. treating addicts of the habit. Three courtyards were furnished ception of nine persons on con- freely for the work and all ex- – Watchman-Examiner. penses were met by the Chinese. fession of faith, and three by Anti-mis'sion Films Not long after writing this letter. There was also a city- account, Mr. Bruce died of Under the title "The Bitter typhus fever, a disease which Tea of General Yen," a photowide evangelistic effort. Beside constantly menaces missionaries play expresses a most cynical at- who itinerate in villages. titude toward missionary effort. the regular Sunday morning, Every implication is of futility. -United Church Record. The Chinese attitude is one of afternoon and evening services, contempt. Time (January 23d) Famine Relief Work calls it "morally subversive and the Cantonese church has opened eloquently anti-Christian." The Dr. David A. Brown, Chair- Chinese scene is comprehended its doors at least four evenings man of the China Famine Relief, in battle, massacre and philo- (U. S. A.), has returned from a a week for evangelistic meetings.

Every morning the two pastors and other workers have met at the church for a brief season of prayer, after which they have gone forth to preach here and there throughout the city. Many and varied are their pulpits- dirty, narrow lanes, opium dens, s c h 0 0 I s, workshops, working men's mess houses, under green trees, in the scorching sun-but always sure of an audience of from one to more than a hun- dred. -Siam Outlook.

CHINA 10,000-mile trip of inspection of sophical cruelty. It seems to us the areas in ten provinces of unfair both to the Chinese and Northwest China in which fam- to the part taken by foreigners Rural Mass Education ine relief and prevention activ- in China.

The National Christian Coun- ities have been conducted during This presents an excellent opcil is laying emphasis on rural the past five years. He reports portunity for mission boards to evangelism and mass education encouraging results-roads built, . protest, and lead their constituin many parts of China. Briefly, irrigation projects completed encies in protesting against the method is to gather country and in progress, dykes construct- such gross misrepresentation. people into night schools or ed; the use of drouth resisting Communications may be ad- short-term day schools for a few seeds, and the establishment of dressed to H. E. Cole, vice-presi-

dent of Columbia Pictures, 729 stored many will be able to re- of the National Christian Coun- Seventh Avenue, New York, and cil of China, after summing up to Carl E. Milliken, Motion Pic- turn to their farms and some political and soc i a I developture Producers and Distributors ments, said: of America, 28 We s t 44th churches will be reestablished, Street, New York. It would be an ungrateful act of but it will be years before the omission, if I should refrain from Gospel Jig-Saw Puzzles touching upon the question foremost loss is retrieved. Christians have in our minds, on the relationship be- Dr. H. G. Stockley, of Siaofu, tween Japan and China. By the contells in Conquest by Healing, of stood the test and faithfulness stant interchange of messages of syma new use for jig-saw puzzles. pathy and good will during the last "A friend recently gave us an has been manifest on every side. twelve months or so between our Naexcellent jig-saw puzzle. One tional Christian Councils and by the day my wife and I were discuss- While the bandits treat Chris- courageous stand taken by some J apaing this puzzle and the thought nese Christians, the Christians in our came to her to get some of them tian and non-Christian alike, two countries have come closer todone by a carpenter. The idea gether in the fellowship of prayer and then advanced a little further. communists have not shown like sorrow, although our respective coun- Why not use some of the pic- tries seem to drift farther apart . . . tures put out by the Christian impartiality, and the lives of The fate of mankind . . . calls for Literature Society, Christ seek- action on the part of Christians. . . . ing the lost lamb on the moun- leading Christians are constant- Will the salvation of nations lie in tain side, the picture represent- wars and more wars? God forbid! ing Christ with the children of ly threatened. Not a few have The Christians of the world, especialthe world gathered around him, ly those in Japan and China, must agand other such pictures? So we elected to die rather than deny gressively and incessantly work for called the carpenter and had the cause of justice between nations, him prepare a number of these, their Lord. These have proved peace on earth and good will among so that now each ward has two men … jig-saw puzzles, each with a a great inspiration to other Bible message behind it. The To send messages of greetings and evangelists have been instruct- Christians so that a deepening to exchange fraternal delegates withed to tell the patients the mean- out sharing with each other the heavy ing of the pictures they are piec- of spiritual life, with new en- burden of a common task in Chrising together. It gives us pleas- tianizing the international relationure to see the patients at all thusiasm in preaching has been ships between our two nations, espetimes playing with these puz- cially at this extraordinary time, zles, and, we trust, getting a apparent, and every Sunday sees seems to me to miss a great oppormessage from them. tunity in our Christian fellowship. In a number of decisions regis- spite of the small numbers of Chris- The Church in Manchuria tians in our two countries, let us tered. -Korean Echoes. therefore rededicate ourselves and re- As might be expected, the double our efforts in the cause of In- Church in East Manchuria has Missionaries in War Zone ternational justice and good will. been seriously affected by events Then and only then shall we be laying of the past year. A year ago The Japanese advance in the foundation for a lasting internaone hundred out-stations were North China has brought immi- tional peace. reported in this field. Today nent peril and destruction to there are not more than fifty, missions in that area. On April -Missionary Herald. and many of these are so de- 20th, cable reports stated that pleted that their future is very J a pan e s e bombs had been JAPAN-CHOSEN uncertain. Since, on the whole, dropped on the American Methlife and property have been odist mission property at Myun- Religious Hunger more secure in towns than in hsien, (a few miles south of the the country, large numbers of Great Wall) seriously damaging The Higashi Hongan temple refugees have crowded into the the buildings but causing no loss in Kyoto, headquarters of the towns. Most of these churches of life. The School for Amer- Shin sect of Buddhism in Japan, have therefore gained very con- ican Children at Tungchow, east has appropriated 20,000 yen to siderably in numbers but not in of Peiping, was also reported open a school for farmer priests financial strength. Four village bombed, endangering the lives in Manchuria and is expecting church buildings have bee n of some 200 American children. to plant a Buddhist colony there. burned. The fifty churches which There is apprehension for the Christian churches also are busy have gone out of existence en- Peking Medical University and making plans for evangelism tirely were in districts where the Yenching University, in case among both Japanese and Manconditions were such that all the Japanese undertake to oc- churians in the new state. Rev. had to flee. When peace is re- cupy the city. The seaport town Rokuro Miyazawa reports that of Shan-hai-kwan, where the moral conditions there are al- American Methodists have a sta- most indescribable, approximat- tion; the summer resort Peitai- ing frontier days in the Amer- ho, where there is a large sum- ican west. mer missionary colony, and other places between the Great Writing of religious condi- Wall and the Lwan River have tions in Japan, Toyohiko Kaga- fallen into the hands of the J ap- wa says: "Although there is a anese. Tientsin, where there are wave of atheism abroad in the fourteen missions; Tang Shan, country, wherever I go in Japan, a united Methodist mission sta- tion, Changli and Tsun wha, American Methodist mission stations are among the stations in the area of conflict.

Japanese- .to Chinese Christians At the All-Japan Christian Conference held in Tokyo, Mr. Chang Fu-liang, Rural Secretary

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and without exception in every the fall of the yen, the gain in pines has equipped his Bible town and all villages, there is a exchange has made possible a coach with a loud speaker for hunger to hear the Gospel. Near better job and better equipment. both victrola and microphone -Congregationalist. connections. Pro g ram s are the most famous shrine in all Japan there is a strong radical Campaign Results in Chosen broadcast by switching back and party, for there are many out- forth from records to micro- casts there. In five days of Scattered reports show some phone. A motor installed in the meetings thousands cam e to res u Its of the "Nation-wide coach drives the mechanism hear, including all kinds of Evangelistic Campaign." where electricity is not availa- creeds, with fascists and com- In one place, two college stu- ble. The soc i e t y has been munists." dents held a three-day revival, swamped with invitations for Missionary By-Products the attendance increasing from outdoor meetings. 50 on the first day to 600 on the In the Philippine Islands, Mission work has many by- third. there is nearly as much preach- products. J. P. Moore, of the A new church, established ing under the open sky as in- Reformed Church in the United only last year, took in 20 new side buildings. A concert of States, enumerates so m e of believers as a result of special sacred music attracts the people.

these in Japan. In all the prin- meetings. They crowd around the Bible cipal cities there are charity or- Another country church which Society's coach to see what's go- ganizations. There are now asy- has a congregation of about 200, ing on, and how. They soon find lums for the care of the needy; reports 60 new members this that this coach is a bookstore as orphanages, most of them or- winter. well as an enormous music-box; ganized and fostered by Chris- Sun Kyori, in the industrial for the sides are lifted and shelf tians-Japanese and missiona- suburbs of Pyengyang, a five- upon shelf filled with Scriptures ries; and asylums for the insane. year-old church of less than 300 come into view. That gives the Formerly the s e unfortunates adults, had a week of revival colporteur his opportunity. Long were put in cages by families to meetings during which 118 men after the meeting has closed, which the insane belonged. Now and women decided to become groups of men and women lin- they are mostly cared for by the Christians. ger about the automobile to hear Japan authorities. There are no At Muchin, in the country, extracts read from the Bible and poorhouses, because according over 200 people attended special to purchase copies for them- to law and custom the poor and meetings for two weeks, with 50 selves; worship is stimulated, aged are cared for by their rela- new believers as a result. instruction given and the people tives. There are homes for lep- Another church reports that are drawn together. -Christian Advocate. ers, and schools for the blind. its congregation of 50 has grown The Red Cross Society is coun- to 200. Filipino Becomes "Y" try-wide, and the Emperor Two Bible Women brought in heads it.-Outlook of Missions. 47 new believers during a week's Secretary class. Where Depression Helped The Y. M. C. A. in the Philip- A new Sunday school, started pines now has a Filipino Secre- New buildings are nearing last June, reports the follow- tary, Mr. Jesus Dineros. The completion for three institutions ing weekly increases for last "Y" came to the Philippines maintained by the American with the soldiers and sailors in Board, Kobe College, Glory Kin- month: first Sunday, 81; sec- 1898. Nine years later, the dergarten and the Women's ond Sunday, 96; third Sunday, American-European branch was Evangelistic School. It was for- 121; and fourth Sunday, 165; organized. Then in rapid suctunate that Kobe College com- cession the Filipino "Y" was inpleted its building-fund cam- an increase of over 100 % in one corporated in 1911; the city and paign in July, 1929, prior to the student buildings threw open Wall Street crash, which would month. their doors in 1915; the armyhave made the raising of the navy branch was inaugurated in fund next to impossible. Even At Nansan, a small country 1918; the Chinese "Y" organized allowing for possible loss on village, six years ago one man in 1922 and a program of probuilding-fund securities and the went to church Sunday by Sun- vincial expansion launched in usual percentage of noncollec- day, rang the church bell, and 1923. -Christian Century. tion of pledges, the college is held services all alone, the only Christian in the village: this winter evangelistic services were attended by about 70 Christians and as many non-Christians, and still advantaged in the amount over 500 yen were raised for a Moros Carry On of yen available for the new new church building.

equipment. The Bible School, -Station Letter. Another outgrowth of Dr.

through the sale of its old prop- Frank C. Laubach's work in lit- erty, has acquired a larger cam- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC. eracy for Filipinos is the move pus of cheaper land near the new on the par t of enthusiastic Kobe College buildings. Al- Musical Bible Coach young Moros to organize Eng- though these building programs The Secretary of the Amer- lish-speaking societies to carry were worked through prior to ican Bible Society in the Philip- forward the work begun by Dr.

Laubach. These societies list 29 prayer on the part of churches lar crisis faces other denomina- forms of useful service including that had become cold and indif- tional institutions. Comment- the spread of knowledge in im- ferent, and has been accompa- ing on these facts, the Union proved methods of agriculture, nied by a mighty outpouring of maintains that "all contempo- animal husbandry, and proper the Spirit of God. The awaken- rary life and problems verify health measures. They hope to ing is more pronounced among the claim so long made by the collect Moro literature and put the youth of the country. Church and Christian college, it into print; encourage native – Watchman-Examiner. that the dominant and ultimate arts and crafts; promote new need is for intelligent Christian ideas in education. Number 10 A New Hawaiian Church character, for a release of our on the list reads "to act as peace- spiritual forces in order that the makers among the Moros and On a recent Sunday, at the moral life on which civilization between the Moros and Chris- church building now under con- rests may be restored and maintians," while number 29 says "to struction b y the Methodist tained. The supreme influence prepare ourselves to be worthy Board of Missions at Kahaluu, through which this is to be of the leadership of this prov- sixty-five were baptized, one of brought about is the Church. ince, which will fall upon our the largest group baptisms for But along with the home the shoulders as we grow older." greatest channel through which many years. The baptism was the Church is to gain this result The Bible in Bali by family-in many cases en- is the Christian College."

The charming island of Bali tire families, including father, -Presbyterian Banner. mother, children and other relahas attracted attention both for tions requested baptism. The its beauty and interest. historical background of this Churches Survive Depression church is of unusual interest. The first attempt to give the Some eighteen years ago E. In Texas, while one out of Bali people the Bible in their Tokimasa, Japanese manager every 22 business and industrial own language was recently com- for Libby, McNeill & Libby, who concerns went into bankruptcy pleted by Missionary Vielhauer had once been connected with during the past three years, and of the Basel Mission, who has the Methodist Mission, proved one out of every six banks was published the New Testament, so helpful an influence as a forced by failure to close, only translated by him in spite of Christian business man that the one out of every 40 colleges, one many difficulties. For example, Japanese with whom he had con- of every 45 hospitals, and only they have no word for "river" tacts have been anxious to have one of every 2,344 churches have and are com p e 11 e d to say a church of their own. been closed on account of finan- "water." They have no words His daughter organized a Sun- cial difficulties. for colors and can distinguish day school, gathered the children only three, white, red and black. about her, and fostered a reli- -Presbyterian Advance.

They have no word for "light," gious culture in the community. Religious Trends although they have one for The result, after several years, Herbert Hoover's Commission is a substantial church, in which on Social Trends reported that darkness. In John 8: 12 Mr. the Japanese community is co- Protestant church membership Vielhauer was compelled to operating heartily. kept pace with the growth of population fro m 1926-1931; translate, "I am as the sun and -Christian Advocate. while from 1916-1926 church enlighten the world." For the expenditures inc rea sed 501)'0 idea of God, he found only a NORTH AMERICA more rapidly than the national word that has a disturbing con- income. Today, as a generation nection with woods. The people Colleges Face a Crisis ago, the church rolls contain the of Bali think of divinity only as names of five women to every a forest spirit. As there was The Presbyterian ColI e g e four men. In Negro churches absolutely no word for "spirit" Union has summarized condi- the proportion is five to three. the translator was obliged to say tions in the 34 Presbyterian col- Ninety-three per cent of the Ro- "breath." These examples might leges. These contain twentybe multiplied. two thousand students, eighteen A Real Revival in New hundred professors, with college man Catholic priests and 59 per Zealand plants worth thirty-four million cent of the Protestant ministers dollars and endowments of are college or seminary gradu- ANew Zealand business man thirty-two millions, of which ten ates. In 1910, at the world miswrites of a spiritual revival now and a half millions now yield no sionary conference in Edintaking place. He reports that income. Debts of four and a burgh, the chief objective was hundreds of b a c k s lid den half million threaten the exist- "The World for Christ in this churches have been revived, and ence of the colleges. Salaries Generation"; in Jerusalem, in that many hundreds of people have been reduced 10 to 35 per 1928, it was "Sharing Spiritual outside the churches have made cent, hundreds of well-trained Values." In 1909, 94% of misan open confession of Christ as professors may be obliged to re- sion funds came from living do- Saviour and Lord. The move- sign and students are being nors; in 1929, only 89%. -The Churchman. ment began with repentance and cramped to the limit. A simi-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Great Commission Prayer peal is used, and when this ap- From Mt. Katahdin to Ta- peal goes home it is most effect- coma most of our mountains League ive of all. have been named by the Indians. As it enters its twenty-third As to our rivers-Piscataqua, year, this League reports a total of more than 250,000 confes- "God's Acre" Ohio, Monongahela, Mississippi, sions of Christ in answer to Missouri, and on to the Yakima prayer. Millions of pages of The spread of the "God's are Indian names. Acre" movement is infusing new tracts, leaflets and bulletins on life into hundreds of country Indians named Lake Winneprayer have been mailed to churches, according to the New pesaukee, the Finger Lakes, and members upon request. York Times. The number of all the Great Lakes except Su- people participating is double perior. Funds for this movement are that of last year. Some of the received in answer to prayer. mission churches in the Philip- George W. Hinman, in his Seven principles laid down by pines, Burma, Siam, India and book, "The American Indian and Thomas E. Stevens, the founder, South Africa are adopting this Christian Missions," tells the have guided the League's efforts. plan for raising money. Differ- story of missionary work among They are: ent names are applied in differ- these "first families." ent places as "God's Acre," the 1. The exaltation of Christ rather '~Lord's Acre," the "Lord's Lutherans Move Forward than any human name. The Lutheran Foreign Mis- 2. Fun devotion to the vital doctrines of the Word of God. sions Conference, at its 1933 Plot," "Planting for the Lord" session in Chicago, last Febru- 3. The showing of the Spirit of ary, made two important moves. Christ to alI similar movements and and the "Lord's Portion." The The first is the appointment of every evangelical church, without "en- participants dedicate a certain a committee to prepare "A Plan tangling aUiances." part of their portion to the of Cooperative Possibilities on the Part of the Lutheran For- 4. Strict avoidance of debt, com- church, the proceeds being given eign Boards in America." Repmercialism and fleshly ambition. to carryon the activity of the 5. Its methods to be kept open to church.-United Presbyterian. the members of the Body of Christ. resentatives are to be appointed 6. All correspondence kept as a by the Boards themselves. The second has to do with the prosacred trust. Advance in Southland gram for 1933-34, and calls for a 7. No personal or public appeals two-day session at a convenient- The Southern Presbyterian ly central part to which all misfor money on behalf of the League. Home Board has been making sionaries on furlough and all signal progress in the southwest. secretaries of boards and board -Sunday School Times. Calvin Institute has become Ok- members shall be present. It lahoma Presbyterian College, was decided that the program Save-A-Life League valued at $325,000. Stillman In- should be arranged so as to give stitute for training Negro min- time for conferences and discus- Among the many welfare isters had in 1901 only $10,000 sions of "The Problems and Opagencies found necessary in worth of equipment and a hand- portunities Com m 0 n to All these times of stress is the Na- ful of students; now it has 110 Lutheran Foreign Mis s ion tional Save-a-Life League, with acres and a plant valued at Boards." headquarters at 299 Madison $300,000, and has educated 500. Ave., New York. Officials of Again, in 1901, the Church was Black Man's Burden this League have evidence that carrying on its work among the the suicide impulse is almost al- Mexicans of Texas almost with- Negroes form one-tenth of ways induced by sudden loss of out equipment. Now every the popUlation of the United mental poise which can be re- fourth Christian among Texas States, but own only 1/140 per stored by the right influence. The Mexicans, other than Catholics, cent of the wealth. Their per fact that suicides in New York is a Presbyterian, and the capita wealth is $215 as com- City for 1932 numbered 111 Church has two schools for them pared with $3,000 for the averless than the total for 1931, a valued at $200,000. period when suicides in the nation as a whole have been stead- -The Christian Century. ily increasing,-is substantial proof that the League's efforts are bringing results. In one The Indian and Missions age American. In those southday, 18 persons were won over ern states where eight of the to a more hopeful outlook on The Indians may be called a twelve million Negroes I i v e life. During the first six months "Vanishing Race," but their im- there is not one Negro member of 1932, 1,738 persons came to print will always remain upon of a legislature, not a Negro who Dr. H. M. Warren, president of America. Consider that: holds a county office, not a mem- the League, both by letter and One-half our states have In- ber of a city council. Negroes personal call. He and his as- dian names. are thus taxed without repre- sistants first persuade them to Thirty counties in Michigan. sentation. In the sixteen for- delay, there is never argument, are named after Indians. mer slave states, during 1930, then work toward rebuilding In both New York and Iowa over a million Negro children of confidence. To those amenable are seventeen counties bearing school age were not in school to such method, the religious ap- Indian names. one day in the year. Southern

Negro children, forming a third to Port Barrow, and from Nome ical or religious subject I de- of the school population, re- to Juneau, including Yukon ter- sire." -Christian Advocate.

ceived but a tenth of the school ritory. Every mail brings let- Obstacles in Venezuela funds, while the average term ters telling of groups of miners for the million and a half who and others who gather for these Mr. George W. Jackson, of the services in the homes of their Orinoco River Mission, Veneattended school was only six zuela, gives the following ac- friends. Contributions to main- count of an evangelistic trip to months. Many of the persons tain this service come from San Antonio: Stewart, Yukon Territory, to the thus called and treated as "Ne- Aleutien Islands and southeast- The people had been told I was a ern Alaska. black man with burning red eyes, that groes" are predominantly of I was a devil, and that I,was paying -Presbyterian Advance. Nordic blood, with perhaps one Negro great-grandparent out of sixteen. -The Crisis.

Japanese-Americans each convert twenty cents a day and LATIN AMERICA two bottles of milk. We entered the town, to find the doorways crowded The Japanese in California are steadily decreasing through Against Odds in Puerto Rico with curious people. Securing a house return of considerable numbers for meetings we held the first service to their home country, but there Two destructive hurricanes with a good crowd and good order. is a rising tide of second genera- within a short period might well In the evening there was some distion Japanese. The California prevent the paying off of ·a order outside. Presently, the mayor Health Bureau reports 76,000 church mortgage, yet Puerto appeared with twelve armed men, and Rican Baptists in Rio Piedras took fourteen of our Christian men American-born Japanese in Cal- sent the following letter to the prisoners. I tried to speak with him, ifornia. The birth rate is esti- Home Mission Society: but was curtly told to appear at the mated at 5,000 a year. The de- police station in the morning. The cline of the first generation and With the loan of $5,000 six years men were not permitted to take their the rise of the second is expected ago a parsonage was erected . . . hats, hammocks or blankets. I asked to be greater and greater, due to Each year with the exception of 1928, permission to accompany them, but the fact that the influx of the when the hurricane hit the Island, we was refused. After spending most of first generation from Japan has have repaid $1,000. In September, the night in prayer I was preparing been greatly cut off during the 1932, when another hurricane hit us to go to the police station, when two past 18 years, and the average and did great damage to the parson- policemen arrived to take the women age of the first generation is age as weU as destroying over 30 of the house prisoners and to bring thought to be between 50 and homes of members of the church, we me before the mayor. After some 55. Therefore the Christianiza- felt that it would be impossible to palaver he finaUy dismissed me, and tion of the Japanese community complete the payment. But we trust- I asked if we were free to continue rests largely upon the second ed in God and went forward, with the the meetings, to which he replied, result that as we closed the year, we were able to cancel our complete debt. "Yes." But when the men arrived they came with a different story. He had -Missions. threatened to shoot them and to put the women to sweeping the streets if they did not give up their religion.

generation. There is at present "Philosophy Chats" in Chile They all said they would be quite glad a real s p i r i t u a 1 awakening to do that for Christ's sake. After among them. Dr. George P. Howard has another interview with the mayor the been successful in giving radio heart of a lawyer was moved so that The Reformed Church in the sermons 0 v era commercial he wrote a permit which he requested United States has sent mission- broadcast in Valparaiso, Chile. the mayor to sign, granting us freearies, kindergarten, social and He call s them "Philosophy dom to hold meetings. In the two educational directors to Califor- Chats" and says: "I have dis- foUowing public meetings souls were nia to take up the challenge to covered that these people will really saved. help these Japanese-Americans listen eagerly to a religious talk, to become responsible Chris- provided it is not labeled 'reli- Christian Living Taught tians. They endeavor to give gion.' Roman Catholicism here reI i g i 0 u s instruction to the has spoiled that word." On one Colegio Internacional at Asunyoung people through well-or- occasion talks were given be- cion, Paraguay, like other misganized Sunday schools, through tween acts of a grand opera sion schools, lays chief emphasis young people's societies, lead- broadcast, with the nation of on the development of Christian er's training classes, Boy Scout music-listeners as audience. "My character. It is recognized that and personal counseling. subject that evening was the mere teaching of the Bible and sacred literature will not ensure -Outlook of Missions. Christ-like living, and that every day personal conduct is the es- Radio Preaching in Alaska Christian solution of the prob- sential dynamic. Classes teach- lem of the struggle between the ing Christian principles are Rev. E. L. Winterberger, min- individual and society. The fol- called "Conversations." Her e ister at First Presbyterian lowing day the editor of a So- moral, social, educational and church, Anchorage, Alaska, with cialist paper and one of the or- religious problems are discussed.

his singers broadcasts an hour's ganizers of a workingman's It is recognized that religion has service from 8: 45-9 : 45 every 'university,' invited me to be- to do with every phase of life, Sunday evening, and in this come one of their lecturers. I and students search all over the service practically covers the have carte blanche to talk to city for facts and illustrations.

whole of Alaska from Ketchican them on any cultural, philosoph- Four distinct methods of incul-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

eating Christian teachings are International Missionary Council (De- tire Gospel of John lJy heart. e m p loy e d at the School: partment of Social and Industrial In the course of this journey through the personal influence Research). of the Christian tea c her; 400 copies of the Gospel were World's Committee of the Y. M. C. A. sold. -Bible in the World. World's Committee of the Y. W. C… A. through the teachings of the World's Student Federation.

Bible and principles of Christian Leaders of the World's Sun- Rome Prepares for a Campaign living in each grade in the day School Association hope that this organization may also be According to both secular and School, with required attend- religious papers, the Vatican is ance; through the Sunday morn- represented, since its religious preparing a campaign in anticing service; conducted for all education program is deeply con- ipation of the time when Soviet the boarding students, on the Russia will abandon its antisame lines as a like service in cerned with the issues that are religious policy and again allow the United States; and through centered here – World Peace, Christianity to have an open the extension work of the insti- Disarmament, Protection of field for action. Rome is pretution, consisting of public lec- Women and Children, Anti-Op- paring colleges for training stutures and the participation of ium Activities, and the like.

the Christian teacher in the life France Promotes Buddhism dents in the mentality and the of the community through the history, as well as the Liturgies, Rotary Club, federal school and The well edited and beautiful- etc., of the Eastern Church. government institutions, and the ly illustrated Catholic mission Monasteries are working intennumerous activities in the com- journal Die Katholisher Mission- sively at this in Belgium, Czechomunity where both privately and en publishes a statement on this slovakia and Poland. Many of publicly these Christian educa- subject from which we quote the the teachers are of the Dominitors are making a profound con- following: can Order, and the colleges are tribution to spiritual values. The French colonial government in located at various points, some -World Call. Cambodia distributed money among in Rome, others on the field ex- the animistic population for the EUROPE spread of Buddhism and entered them pected to be conquered. It is Income Rises-Costs Fall officially under the caption "diplomatic hoped that Rome, who has al- presents." These, observes the maga- ways had her ear to the ground, zine, are the political reasons that is justified in her belief that the In the memory of most peo- make a "Christian" colonial govern- Soviet policy is c e r t a into ple, last year was the darkest ment the missionary of heathenism. change.-The Living Church.

This agrees with the address of the financially for Scotland, yet the governor-general to the king of Cam- bodia in which he called France a Unusual Celebration foreign mission income went up Buddhist power. The Apostolical Delby many thousands of pounds egate of Father India has accordingly This summer the churches in raised the question with the colonial Czechoslovakia, especially in in the Church of Scotland. The government, as to the reasons which Slovakia, will commemorate an total income was :£169,641 com- impelled them to give the preference unusual jubilee: in 833, 1100 pared with :£151,491 in 1931, to Buddhism over against Catholicism years ago, the first Christian and the total expenditure :£172,- in a population which as yet does not Church was built at Nitra, Slo- 795, compared with :£176,267. know either. vakia, by Prince Pribina, whose dominions included present-day There was also received at head- Gipsies in Germany Slovakia and North Hungary, at quarters £5,708 toward the liq- a time when, before the invasion uidation of last year's deficit. The Gipsy mission in Berlin of the Magyars, those realms This giving was in response to has a real gipsy caravan, with were purely Slavonic. This the assembly's appeal to prevent two horses, and a worker for the church is older than any other cuts in the missionaries' salaries British and Foreign Bible So- in present-day Bohemia and Moand curtailment of the work. ciety worked among the Gipsies ravia. It was built a generation The ministry committee has for two months the past sum- before the coming of the "Slaannounced that in spite of a cur- mer, accompanied by a young vonic apostles" of Christianity, tailed income, the minimum sti- Gipsy convert as driver. The Cyril and Methodius, from Sapend has been maintained at first visit was in Pomerania, loniki to Moravia. This begin- £300 and a manse, through econ- where, in certain sections, police ning of the Christian mission is omies arising out of local church are hostile to the Gipsies; but unions. -Christian Century. upon reading the words "Gospel Religious Issues at Geneva Caravan of the Gipsy Mission" at the same time also the begin- allowed the workers to remain. ning of a civilization by which Seven religious organizations Three meetings were held at the Slavonic nation was conhave a representation in Ge- Naugard horse market, where nected with the ancient cultural neva: two thirds of the listeners were centers of Southern and West- World A II ian c e for International men. Sixty-nine Gospels were ern Europe. Protestantism in Friendship through the Churches. sold. Gipsies met on the road Czechoslovakia shows an in- proudly displayed the Gospels of crease from 990,000 in 1921 to Life and Work Committee of the 1,132,000 in 1930; the National Stockholm Conference. John which they had bought the year before. One knew the en- Church of Czechoslovakia grew EUropean Central Office for Inter- church Aid.

from 525,346 to 713,092, among seating capacity was taxed. Both one occasion a saloonkeeper a total population of 14,732,644. nationalities sat around the com- closed the barroom an hour ear- -The Brotherhood. munion table, while both Greek lier each night that he might and Armenian pastors, deacons give the traveling preacher a "Youth Week" in Bulgaria and deaconesses officiated. chance. One of the most out- The number of communist pe- -Congregationalist. standing bits of service rendered riodicals in Bulgaria has in- through the Missions of Biblical creased to forty-three. Methods MISCELLANEOUS Education is the correspondence, imported from Soviet Russia for whereby the evangelist and his "penetrating" s c h 0 0 I shave Back to Original Purpose workers keep in contact with rearoused strong protests among claimed and lonely, and freboth reI i g i 0 u s and patriotic The National Council of the quently discouraged, men and groups. In reply to the commu- Young Men's Christian Associa- tion has issued a call, prepared women.

nist campaign to win youth of by the Special Commission on Birthday Band Helps the school age, the Bulgarian Church Message and Purpose, which Blind recently organized a You t h summons secretaries of I 0 cal Week, with daily lectures in all branches to a new religious em- Robert A. Byers, a blind and parts of Sofia. These meetings phasis. The Council suggests paralyzed Christian of Australia, were held in restaurants, cine- that this begin with the gather- moved by the helplessness of mas and other public places, ing of little circles of like- blind girl babies in South India, where the most talented speak- minded members for prayer, dis- desired to save one of them. A ers in the church addressed large cussion and religious fellowship, friend suggested that he form a crowds. In all, fifty-five lectures and that these groups find some birthday band and solicit a shilwere given. A nation-wide ra- expression for their religious de- ling from his friends on their dio campaign carried not only votion. The Council hopes that birthdays. This was in 1918. He the lectures but musical pro- from these groups will spread grams to all parts of the coun- anew more of that spirit of found ten friends willing to help, try. Over 100,000 s p e cia II y these enlisted others, so that durprepared pamphlets were distrib- Christian consecration w h i c h ing his lifetime the Band was in characterized the beginning of touch with work for the blind uted; in short, the effect of hos- in twenty-one parts of the world. the movement. tile propaganda has been to stim- -Alliance Weekly. Its objectives are: To save inulate all the religious forces in fant life; to rescue blind orthe country to renewed activity. Meeting Human Need phans or castaway children from The "Father Paissy" Society, a federation of all patriotic and The "Missions of Bib I i c a I death, starvation, ill-treatment religious societies in Bulgaria, Education," with headquarters or worse, and support them in has just petitioned the govern- in Toronto, is an interdenomiment for more religious instruc- mission schools; to support blind tion in the schools. national organization which for evangelists and Bible-women, 23 years has ministered to a colporteurs and masseurs, home -The Living Church. vastly scattered and cosmopol- teachers and musicians, who itan company of folk. Personal work under the supervision of Fellowship in Saloniki contact with the lonely in iso- missionaries; to help supply the lated communities – the fishing Greek Evangelicals in Salon- settlements of the Maritime ever-increasing de man d for iki have in a brotherly spirit Provinces, the prairie home, the Scriptures and other literature shared their church with the mining town, the lumber camp, in Braille in heathen languages, Armenian Evangelicals, who are or the foreign-born colony – is by cooperating with other orrefugees with no church center made through evangelistic cam- ganizations engaged in t his of their own. During the Week paigns held in their midst by of Prayer union services were work; to put Gospel into Braille held. Greek, Armenian, Turk- Rev. F. A. Robinson, Director of by hand, and use it to begin piish and English were the lan- the work. Sometimes special oneer work for the blind in g u age s used throughout the services are held in redemptive places where nothing has been homes for girls, several meetings done for them before, and to help in any other way possible week. One evening the Greek being held each day during the to advance the interests of the pastor would lead the meeting campaign. Many curious set- blind in non-Christian lands. and the next an Armenian, but tings have featured the evangel- The Birthday Band cooperates when the meetings were thrown istic services held during these in work for the blind in India, open to the congregation for tes- twenty years in which Mr. Rob- Ceylon, Burma, China, Korea, timony, prayer or hymns, all the inson has devoted himself to this Japan, Palestine, Syria, Persia, different languages could be special work. Often a dance hall Egypt, Algiers, Nigeria, Sudan, heard from many parts of the has been converted into a mis- Morocco, Brazil, Chili, Peru, church. The little church was sion hall, while frequently an Philippine Islands, New Britain, packed each night. At the Sun- abandoned barroom has echoed Solomon Islands, Fiji and North day morning communion service with sacred song and prayer. On Australia. -Report Letter.

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Our Missionary Bookshelf I Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information I ~''-''I=-=——==–==============~~I~'

An African Pilgrimage. By A. M. Mr. Chirgwin left England in unto Christ, retaining the good Chirgwin. 12 mo. 158 pp. Paper, and dropping the bad features. 28. 6d. Student Christian Move- August, 1930, landed at Cape- I found my heart in my throat ment Press. London. 1932. town, traveled through Cape more than once as I realized the Province, Orange Free State, wonder of the thing." The "greatest religious expe- Natal, Transvaal, Basutoland, rience of my life" is what the Bechuanaland, Northern and *** author says of this year of travel Southern Rhodesia, Portuguese in Southern Africa and Mada- East Africa, Tanganyika, the In the description of the work gascar, visiting the mission sta- Belgian Congo, Zanzibar and in Cape Province one of the tions of the London Missionary Madagas-car. He saw missions most interesting narratives re- Society. In this "wonder year," and churches in all stages of de- lates to the "big meetings" as the author says, "I saw God at velopment-in the process of they are called. "It is a remarkwork, and I can say now as never planting, struggling for life, able festival-the most memorbefore I believe in the Holy emerging under native leader- able experience of the whole Ghost, the living, acting, work- ship and fully established as trip. . . . The people bring and ing God." self-governing and self-propa- cook their own food. . . . One party of seventeen had walked Mr. Chirgwin has selected gating. The story of what. he 160 miles, every inch on foot. from his exceedingly interesting saw is far from dry readmg. . . . Some five languages were letters the material chiefly relat- There are vital facts presented spoken. . . . Counting children ing to the planting and develop- there were about 1,000 people ment of the Christian Church in and there is life described in suf- assembled for the 'big meeting.' South Central Africa. He says: ficient detail to make the picture . . . Canterbury pilgrims were "I came back from my long tour, live. The author observes: not so numerous. . . . The first convinced that amongst the day was spent in an examination movements afoot in Africa to- "I was much impressed with of the catechumens by a speday, such as the break down of the way in which Christianity cially appointed committee. In tribal organization and moral- the Kuruman district there are ity, the coming in of western has spread in the Northern some 1,800 church members, industrialism, the trek to the Kalahari Desert. This is large- three ordained ministers, seven towns, there are many that are ly the work of native ministers evangelists and some elders and disintegrating and even sinister, and evangelists who, almost un- deacons. . . . Evangelists and but there is one that is construc- known as well as unseeing, have deacons reported on those whose tive and wholly welcome; that gone through this desolate land names were to be removed from one is the growth of an indige- the roll. During the year fifteen nous Christian Church." and have carried the Gospel had died and twenty-three had with them. fallen. This may sound terrible These delightful letters not but it is hardly more than one only give a vivid and instructive "In Bechuanaland, in the old per cent of the membership and description of the growth of the when we consider the conditions Church in Southern Africa but days, it was customary for the of life in native huts and vilthey are most interesting travel chief to arrange for a pagan lages, the terrific temptation a~d letters of an intelligent and care- strong sex urge, the figure IS ful observer. Here we read of service just before the people be- surprisingly low." the influence of the Africaner, or gan plowing. The object of tJ:le South African Dutchman, and of pagan rites was to secure fertIl- *** the growing use of Africa~s, tJ:le ity from the spirits of the earth Dutch-African tongue. LIfe m and air . . . when Khama be- There are also word pictures the Karoo and the veld are pic- of Tiger Kloof where church tured and we see the Africans- came chief the headmen asked leaders are trained, a visit to the Christian and heathen-in clear him to arrange for the rites as mines aIid a study of their probcontrast, with many lights and usual … Khama's reply was lems, the life in the "bush," and shadows. that if they wanted their rites following in the footsteps of they could have them, ~u~ as f?r himself and the ChrIstIans m the tribe they would have a meeting for prayer in the Kgotta. From that day the "Ploughing service" has taken place, but it has been baptized Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW pUblishers on receipt of price.

[339 ]

David Livingstone-all intensely but does not inspire. Its thesis says Dr. Niebuhr. Even in the interesting-but the ending of is the essentially irreconcilable most perfected form of social re- the book is rather abrupt with- conflict bet wee n the ethical demption the author believes out the gathering up of any gen- ideals of individual men and all that "the most effective agents eral conclusions. It is well the group areas in which men will be the men who have sub- worth reading-for Appraisers seek to carry out their individual stituted some new illusions for and others. ideals. The politico-social uni- the abandoned ones. The most verse is too much for morality. important of these illusions is The Dark Continent-Africa. By H. The latter has no promise for the that the collective life of man- A. Bernatzik. lIlus. quarto. 256 ills of society. With skillful, if kind can achieve perfect justice. pp. B. Waterman Co. New York. somewhat involved arguments, It is a very valuable illusion for Here is an unusual picture the author reviews the field and the moment; for justice cannot album of African people and the forces in and through which be approximated if the hope of scenes with 256 photogravure moral men seek to unravel the its perfect realization does not plates. The photographs are tangled threads of immoral so- generate a sublime madness in taken by a real artist and show ciety. The quest is interesting the soul. Nothing but such mad- realistically and attractively the and serious and not without al- ness will do battle with maligvaried scenery of mountains, luring aspects, but it is utterly nant power and 'spiritual wick- glaciers, fauna and flora, jun- futile. Every known type of edness in high places.' The gles, sands, rivers and lakes. philosophical as well as ethical illusion is dangerous because it Little is left to the imagination remedy for social ills is rigidly encourages terrible fanaticisms.

as to the way the people live and investigated and ruthlessly dis- It must therefore be brought un- do not dress-their dances, fe- carded. The author reaches no der the control of reason. One tishes and spirit houses, their real conclusion for the title of can only hope that reason will industries and customs, houses his volume is both its thesis and not destroy it before its work is and Christian churches. Some its finale. Moral man is shut up done." (p.277.) of the grotesque African cus- in the squirrel cage of economic, To such a withering climax toms must be seen at least in pic- political and social limitations. "Moral Men and Immoral So- tures, to be believed, but with all He may perch for a while upon ciety" leads us, or into such a many of the people are attrac- some comfortable round of the morass of utter f uti lit y it tive and intelligent in appear- wheel within the cage, may run plunges us. "Society" says the ance and their villages are pic- slowly or swiftly or may even author "is man's great fulfill- turesque though dirty. The va- try to run backward, but he is ment and his great frustration."

riety in landscape and in human fastened in a cage. So, with a wide sweep of his features, customs and houses in Dr. Neibuhr writes wit h hand he dismisses Christian so- various parts of the continent charm and conviction. The ease cial ethics and idealism and are clearly seen at a glance. Rel- with which he riddles fanciful leaves helpless man at the baf- ics of the stone age are pictured schemes "of the weal and the fling, buffeting mercy of his re- in ancient carvings and remark- woe" emboldens him to brand all volving cage – forever to be able rock paintings are shown ideals, hopes and aspirations as cabined and confined, always from southern Rhodesia. The illusory. He seems to be certain struggling, never achieving. Dr.

modern gold mines and diamond of only one thing, namely, that Niebuhr's philosophy does not mines are not so attractive and the human squirrel is in the cage claim to be called Christian, not interesting. of society with its revolving even in a unique sense of his The text accompanying this wheels; he is perhaps certain own, let alone in any of the traalbum is merely introductory also of a second thing-that the ditional molds. Liberal Protand gives a general description wheel will always be go in g estant Ohristianity, too, is given. of the territorial divisions of the around. The prologue of the a particular castigation and at continent where the photographs publisher, printed on the cover were taken. It might be well for the hand of one who has been intending missionaries to be- "What lies ahead of us is told in regarded as a most valiant come acquainted with the ap- this book-realistically, bravely devotee. pearance and surroundings of and clearly," is undoubtedly true their future parishioners, and if we are ready to grant that the Yes, man is a squirrel in an for supporters of missions to see author has insight and foresight inhospitable cage, according to some of the natives that need to such marked degrees. The Dr. Niebuhr. Even the nuts transformation. accompanying sentence of the which caprice or fate put in his cover page foreward, however, is not so conclusive. "Some- paws are either too hard to crack or empty when they are thing can be done about the opened. Yet this brilliant and wars, depressions, sufferings Moral Man and Immoral Society- candid author is too thorough- A Study in Ethics and Politics. By and follies of modern society and going to be summarily dismissed Reinhold Niebuhr. 8 vo. 280 pp. will be done inevitably." No, $2. Charles Scribner's, New York. nothing is to be done, nothing and too serious to be taken light- 1!l33. ly. The volume is rewarding can be done. It is an eternal reading for those who are will- Dr. Niebuhr's latest volume tragedy, not without its beauty, ing and ready to follow the provokes and greatly interests tragic procession of futilities,

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

led forth by one of our most the policy which they have now drive back the enemy. The whole penetrating thinkers. discarded as definitely destruc- shockingly medieval yet terribly tive, rather than constructive, of modern story of murder and WILLIAM HIRAM FOULKES. truly prosperous and progres- spoliation and pretenses and sive nations. broken promises, on the one China's Foreign Relations, 1917-1931. hand, and retreat and suffering By Robert T. Pollard, Ph.D., Assist- This is an excellent book to and disillusionment and despair, ant Professor of Oriental Studies, read in connection with the Lyt- on the other, is most graphically University of Washington. 416 pp. ton Commission's Report, as set forth, concluding with the $3.50. Macmillan, New York. 1933. each supplements the other. setting up of the puppet govern- ment of Manchoukuo, under the Amply documented, yet in at- COURTENAY H. FENN. nominal headship of Henry Pu tractive, pop u I a r language; Yi, the long deposed "boy emavoiding prolixity, yet affording Japanese Invasion of Manchuria and peror" of China. an a d e qua t e conspectus of Shanghai, from Sources Other China's relations with the world, Than Chinese. 8 vo. pp. XI, 445. Part III gives similar detailed especially during the last cen- Shanghai Bar Association, Shang- descriptions of the far m 0 r e tury, this book is heartily rec- hai, China, 1932. sharply contested Invasion of ommended to those who would Shanghai, with its enormous deunderstand the present political The Publicity Editor of the struction of Chinese lives and situation in the Far East from Shanghai Bar Association ex- property. the point of view of history. Dr. plains the purpose of this volume Pollard is eminently fair to as a compilation of articles from Part IV is concerned with China, showing a very real sym- the foreign language press, writ- Japan's Warlike Actions Elsepathy with her in her rudely where, in Mongolia, Tientsin, awakened realization of her own a ten by Europeans, Americans, J ahol, Nanking, Hangchow, etc. medieval weakness and her far from harmonious determination and few Japanese, during the Part V includes an article by to be strong; yet free from the period from September, 1931 to one of the few protesting Jappartiality of that unreasoning May, 1932, describing and judg- anese, and a large number of nationalism which repels, by its ing the Japanese Invasion of foreign press and individual manifest exaggerations, those China, which has stirred the views on Japan's defiance of the who read some of the works of world. Mr. Lei, with no other League of Nations, the Lytton Chinese partisans on the same comment than the headlines, has Commission, "The Sou I of theme. He is also fair to the simply provided the material for Japan," etc. nations of the West in setting a world judgment of the invaforth the provocations which sion, independent of the League These documents afford a very they have suffered while also de- of Nations and its Lytton Com- fair cross-section of the material picting in true perspective the mission. The First Part of his supplied to the Lytton Commisselfish exploitation which char- book records in detail the fam- sion while in China, which, with acterized too much of their ous "Tanaka Memorial," which their personal observations and earlier intercourse with China. was either the work of that rad- interviews in Manchuria, proved There is a clearly drawn con- ical premier or of a Japanese altogether convincing as to the tract between the commerce and military officer, in 1927, outlin- right and wrong in this undediplomacy of Europe and Amer- ing a Japanese policy of ruth- clared war, which still drags on ica during the last twelve years less world conquest. This was in defiance of world opinion. and that which had preceded it, followed, in December, 1931, by marking the dawn of a new era the Japanese General Honjo's C. H. FENN. in China's relations with all na- less detailed but even more outtions except Russia and Japan. spoken project, presented to Manchuria: Cradle of Conflict. By No nation has professed such Gen. Jiro Minami, Minister of Owen Lattimore. Maps. 331 pp. unselfish friendship for China as War, and a c com pan i e d by $3. Macmillan, New York. Russia, yet no nation has more sketches and plans. insidiously sought China's con- Mr. Lattimore shows a request; while Japan has con- The Second Part consists of markable first-hand knowledge tinued to show a complete un- descriptions of the military ef- of the Manchu, Chinese, and the willingness to abandon the old ficiency and moral unscrupulous- Mongolian psychology. All Sinspirit of imperialism in favor of ness with which Japan carried ologues will welcome this contrithe mutual helpfulness of the out her long prepared conquest bution to their libraries, and the new era. Rather than yield her of Manchuria, reprinted from volume will also be valuable to ruthless dominance of the Far Shanghai's Weekly News Maga- the heads of merchantile con- East, she will hold it in con- zines, some of the articles writ- cerns, and to others who seek to tempt of the judgment, and de- ten by eyewitnesses in Manchu- understand in some measure the fiance of the power, of the whole ria. Not only were the Chinese Far Eastern "Mind." Christian world. In this she has at least unprepared to resist this on- Mis s ion s, contemplating the been consistent since she first slaught of a vast military ma- opening up of new fields, will learned from Western nations chine, but in their desire for find the maps invaluable. Chap- peace and their loyalty to their ter four, dealing with Chinese pledge as a member of the Culture, is exceptionally good, League of Nations, they long de- although one fears that the "or- sisted from serious attempt to

dinary reader," even after try- Anglo-American Christianity re- Negro slave lad, barely rescued ing to grasp the difference be- ceives a far fairer treatment tween "East and West," will be than is usual in continental writ- from shipwreck on a slaving vesleft in a fog. Even "The World ings. Wherever the confessional Tourist" will find the book too books of any church are pre- sel, educated under missionary academic, but it is an excellent sented in translation, it is on the textbook for students specializ- whole done in versions that are guidance, he gave his life to the ing on Far Eastern questions. officially authorized in these churches, a thing which to the spread of the Christian faith EDWIN J. THARP. reviewer's mind is most com- mendable. The conclusion is de- among savage and barbarous Manchukuo-,Child of Conflict. By voted to a consideration of the K. K. Kawakami. Illustrated. 311 outlook for greater unity among tribes. He lived to see whole pp. $2. Macmillan, New York. Christians, in which the author pleads for freedom in politics, areas of Africa redeemed from This volume, written from a doctrine and worship. He offers Japanese viewpoint, will be wel- some suggestions for the federa- savagery and superstition. The comed by every unprejudiced tion of churches, among other lover of China. It teems with things, that Ohristians should story is well told, showing conin t ere st. The author, with unite in the Lord's Prayer after scarcely a trace of bias, unfolds making the following declara- ditions which have been almost the Sino-Japanese situation in a tion: "In the name of our Lord masterly fashion and, with a Jesus Christ and in the power of entirely eliminated largely by thorough understanding of the His Holy Spirit we pray in compresent chaotic con d i t ion s, munion with all Christians: Our the work of Christian missionmakes clear the necessity of Father," etc. someone putting China's house aries. C. B. McAFEE. in order for her. He suggests C. THEODORE BENZE. that Japan is giving her an ex- Case Studies of Present-Day Reliample of the way to do it, in Lutherisches Missonsjahrbuch. 1933. gious Teaching. By Hugh Hartwhat she (Japan) is doing in W. Gerber. Leipzig. H. G. Wall- Manchukuo. This work may baum. shorne and Elsa Lotz. 295 pp. $2. well be read after Mr. Owen Lat- Yale University Press. New Havtimore's Manchuria – Cradle of This de a r "old faithful," Conflict. Even the general read- which appeared now for 46 en, Conn. er will find this volume intri- years, is a volume of 158 pages guing in the extreme, but states- with the usual addition of statis- This volume presents the remen, politicians, merchants, and tical charts, and a full account churchmen should read it to get of the Lutheran Missions in all sults of a study of religious their minds straightened out. the world, particularly those Every mission in China, Man- conducted by German societies. training in Sunday schools, unchukuo, and Korea, will find the The American statistics are discussion illuminating. One given in full and there are two der the auspices of the Institute feels the American and Euro- separate articles on American pean world is indebted to Mr. Lutheran Missions, one on the of Social and Religious Research, Kawakami for throwing upon mission work of the United Luthe screen a very clear view of theran Church, by Dr. Augustus of which Dr. John R. Mott is the War-Iord-ruled-China. Steimle of New York City and one by Pastor Kuechler of .Ger- Chairman. It portrays actual in- EDWIN J. THARP. many on the entire work of the American Lutheran boards. The stances of present-day Protes- E cum e n i c a I Handbook of the volume also contains articles on Ohurches of Christ. By D. C. the mission to Israel. The year- tant religious teaching as exam- Fabricius. Translated by Ethel T. book is almost indispensable in Scheffauer and Yvo O. WaIn. 118 its field. ined in personal visits to 150 pages. 2.50 R. M. Ev. Pressver- band fur Deutschland. Berlin- C. THEODORE BENZE. classrooms of church schools, Steglitz. Samuel Crowther of the Niger. By week day schools of religion, The author, a professor in the Jesse Page. Illus. 190 pp. 2s. University of Berlin, in the In- Pickering & Inglis. London. young people's societies, relitroduction discusses various aspects of Unity and Variety in This is a reprint of an earlier gious clubs, vacation schools, and the Christian Religion. This is biography of one of the most infollowed by a historical review teresting figures of modern mis- a summer camp. The classes of the several churches in Chris- sionaI'Y history. Bishop Crowtendom. The sketch is so ex- ther died in 1891 and had given were selected as representative haustive that one has the im- the MS of this book his approval pression that no church of any as to accuracy of statement. A of the best teaching to be found account has been passed by. in the United States. The con- clusion of the investigators is that, in spite of the emphasis on methods found in texts and teacher's training schools and colleges, the ability to teach in accordance with these views is limited to relatively few teach- ers, and the authors endeavor to show how methods of teacher's training could be modified so as to improve the quality of the in- struction that is now given. The volume is an important contribu- tion to an improved curriculum of teacher's training, and a man- ual of sound, practical advice for teachers. A. J. BROWN.

Dan Crawford of Luanza. By John Hawthorn. 8 vo. 96 pp. Ish. Pickering and Inglis, 14 Paternos- ter Row. London.

Among the pioneer mission- aries of Africa Dan Crawford occupies an honored place and is perhaps best known by his unique book, "Thinking Black."

There is a larger life history Thomas Nelson & Sons. New York. ite Place: Olivet"; "His Favorwritten by his son-in-law, but for 1933. ite Time: Evening"; "His Faan introduction to one who was This book for teachers and vorite Tone of Voice: Loud"; known as "The Gatherer of the students, primarily for use in "His Favorite Attitude Toward People" this brief story of his the classroom, treats of the "His- Man." thirty-seven years in the inte- torical Jesus" and the "Religious In "His Favorite Attitude Torior of the Dark Continent will Interpretation of Jesus." The ward Man," we find in a refreshbe found readable and inspiring. 36 chapters are admirably out- ing way how much more Jesus JAMES CANTINE. lined for study, with Scriptural wants to serve us than for us to references and questions bear- serve Him; and here the author ing on salient points. The writ- Many Moons Ago and Now. By er's comments and conclusions places his unerring finger on Katherine E. Gladfelter. Maps (In- modern Christianity's greatest are followed by questions for dian Reservations in the United need. If Christians would let States). Illustrations (of Indian discussion and lists of reference their Lord first serve them in arts and crafts), Indian music. 132 hours of Bible study and prayer pp. Friendship Press. New York. readings. The arguments are what mighty service they could 1932. then render Him. The book de- brief and not involved and the serves a wide reading. The great interest in the American Indians at this time, style most pleasing. HOWARD A. ADAIR. because of the atmosphere of adventure and also the exploitation The attitude of the author to The Near East. 78 pp. 1s. Church of the Indians by white men, Missionary Society. London. 1932. will make this a welcome book his subject may be summed up among boys and girls. It will Egypt and the Sudan, Palesenable them to enter into the in his own words, "the under- tine and Transjordania and Perlives of Indian youth. The open- sia form the scenes in which is ing chapter on "Motive and standing of Jesus is beset with carried on the work described Method" is not only indispensa- here. It is a study book on misble to the understanding of the problf3ms at every turn-some sion work for Moslems and the rest of the book but suggests a stories told are full of life and new kind of missionary meeting, historical, others religious." His hope. Much information is giv- en about Moslems, their beliefs that not only has atmosphere but aim to be· to tell how modern and surroundings. The story of makes far away peoples as real opportunities and transformaas our neighbors. The leader scholarship would solve them. tions in Persia is particularly of boys and girls who wants an thrilling. appealing program will find it The trend of the studies is to admirably portrayed. It is Indigenous Ideals in Pra.ctice. By bound to develop true concep- magnify what is called "modern W. F. Rowlands. Pamphlet. Is. tions of Indian life and customs. Children have "played Indian" scholarship" (the term is used The Indigenous Church in Peru. By but here is playas Indians play. John Ritchie. Pamphlet. 6d. The book is inclusive in its study so often as to lose its appeal) at World Dominion Press. London. of Eastern Indians, Plains In- 1932. the expense of the traditional These pamphlets relate to the interpretation. It is a scholarly book for scholars, but its conclu- sions leave our Gospel maimed and impotent and Jesus divorced of much that has made him unique and supreme in our lives.

It may lead the student to see in Jesus "an ideal example and the most powerful of all spiritual energies," but it will not help him to say "My Lord and My God." JAMES CANTINE.

dians, and Indians of the South- The Partiality of Jesus. By E. C. building up of native Christian west. To the body of the book churches in North China and has been added chapters on arts Comfort. 154 pp. $1.25. The Re- Peru. The policy is to do thisand crafts with practical sug- not by foreign mission workers formed Press. Grand Rapids, Mich- igan. 1933.

gestions for copying the simpler "This book was written by a and funds, but by simple evan- gelism and Gospel teaching and forms, and a number of Indian man who has failed," says the the development of self-supportsongs with the melodies and author in the foreword. But the ing, self-governing churches. words. There is also a complete reader hastens to say that it was Every mission worker will firid reference list. To anyone who written by a man who at last has it worth while to read these testiwonders whether boys and girls gloriously succeeded. The author monies. can be interested in missions, the has had such a rich religious exanswer is "try the book." There perience that he thinks God must The Gospel of John-His Life and is ample opportunity for any be partial-to sinners. Hence, Writings. Dr. W. H. Griffith the title. Thomas. 8 vo. 372 pp. 4s. Pickleader to enrich the program ering & Inglis. London. 1932. wit h additional information Here is a series of meditations from one's own home mission on Eight of our Lord's Favor- The late Griffith Thomas was work among the Indians. ites. "His Favorite Friend: The a reverent and stimulating Bible FRANK A. SMITH. Sinner" ; "His Favorite Book: teacher. His studies in the Gos- The Career and Signi£lcance of Jesus. Deuteronomy" ; "His Favorite pel of John bring little new light By Walter Bell Denny, Professor Name for Himself: The Son of on their teachings but they· are of Philosophy and Religion, Russell Man"; "His Favorite Title for God: My Father"; "His Favor- analytical, spiritual, construc- Sage College. 8 vo. 466 pp. Maps. tive and practical. They form an

~~Why I Lisfen The Finality of Jesus Christ. Robert Sunday

fo Minisfers~~ E. Speer. 386 pp. $3.00. Revell. New York. Supplies A 32-page booklet which aims to Make the Lukewarm The Holy Bible – King James Ver- Souno. sjJ/i-ilunl sion. 263 pp. $0.50. American e-¥'Os/hons o/lne Hot, but not mad Bible Society. New York. InlernoHonnlleJ'SUIlJ -loro//DenfJ/I//Rflliuns WISE folks dre sdying thdt if tem- Brevier Bible. 12 mo. P 54 G. pordl conditions dre to improve American Bible Society. New York. we must generdte more spiritudl power. To hdve more fdith in spirit- Heroes of the Cross. 4 volumes. Wil- Annual Report – American Board of udl forces more people must hdve the liam C. Burns; Gilmour of Mon- Friends for Foreign Mssions. 1932. LOYdl Ldymdn's confidence in whdt golia; Hudson Taylor; John Wil- American Board. Boston. the minister hdS to Sdy. This booklet, liam; J ames Chalmers; Abel of by d Idymdn of wide experience, in- Kwato; David Livingstone; Robert W. Eug.ene Sallee-Christ's Ambassa- spires thdt confidence. Moffat; Apolo and the Pigmies; dor. Annie Jenkins Salee. 256 pp. Pandita Ramabai; Mary Slessor; Southern B apt i s t Convention. Send d dime only, for your sdmple Rasalama and Heroes in Madagas- Nashville. copy. car. 96 pp. 1s. each. Marshall Morgan and Scott. London. Triumphant Christianity – Life and THE MAYWOOD PRESS Work of Lucy Seaman Bainbridge. Mother Whittemore's Modern Mira- A. H. McKinney. 206 pp. $2.00. BOI( 2554 Sidney Center, N. Y. cles. F. A. Robinson. 310 pp. Revell. New York. $2.00. Mission of Biblical Educa- When You tion. Canada. Die Evangelische Mission in Fern- Und Sudost-Asien, A u st r a lie n, Buy Books… My Lady's Golden Footprints. E. E. Amerika. Julius Richter. 488 pp. S. Enock. 317 pp. 2s. 6d. Pickering Gutersloh. Bertelsmann. 5 vol. Noted in "Our Missiondry & Inglis. London. $20.00. Book Shelf," remember that these can be obtained quickly Modern Tendencies in World Reli- The Land and Life of China. Wil- and conveniently through our gions. Charles Samuel Braden. 341 liam G. Sewell. lIlus. Map. 144 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New York. pp. 2s. Edinburgh House Press. Book Sfore London. My Life in the Moslem East. Emma At Thl..d Dod Reily St..eets Cochran Ponafidine. 320 pp. $3.50. Ho….isbu..g. Po. Bobbs-Merrill. New York.

Send for any book you wish. Bishop Montgomery. A Memoir. M. If you do not know the pub- M. 109 pp. 28. 6d. S. P. G. Lon- lisher or price, we will look don. the matter up and report promptly. Our Seal. Marshall Broomhall. 173 pp. 28. 6d. China Inland Mission. excellent introduction to the London. book for Bible classes. The problems and suggestions at the end Open Road in Persia. J. R. Richards. Susie Sorabji, Christian-Parsee Eduare especially stimulating. 68 pp. 1s. Church Missionary So- cationalist of Western India:. A ciety. London. Memoir by Her Sister, Cornelia New Books Sorabji. lIlus. 38. 6d. Oxford Out of My Life and Thought. Albert University Press. London. The Ambassador Supreme. Edward Schweitzer. 288 pp. $2.50. Henry D. Grant. 152 pp. $0.50. Presby- Holt. New York. Egypt Since Cromer. Vol. I, from terian Board of Publication. Rich- 1904-19. Lord Lloyd. 390 pp. 218. mond, Va. Religion in Our Times. Gaius Glenn Macmillan. London. Atkins. 330 pp. $3.00 Round Table The Buddha and the Christ. Burnett Press. New York. Pagan Tribes of the Nilotic Sudan. Hillman Streeter. 330 pp. $2.00. C. G. and Brenda Z. Seligman. 565 Macmillan. New York. Social Work Year Book-1933. Fred pp. lIlus. 428. Routledge. S. Hall. 680 pp. $4.00. Russell Ecumenical Handbook of ·the Church Sage Foundation. New York. The Passing of illle Black Kings. of Christ. D. C. Fabricius. R. M. Hugh Marshall Hole. 334 pp. 158. 2.50. Ev. Pressverband fUr Deutsch- The American Indian. George W. Philip Allan. London. land. Berlin. Hinman. 176 pp. $1.50. Revell New York. Zanahary in South Madagascar. An- drew Burgess. 251 pp. $1. Board The Castle on the Cliff. Kathleen M. of Foreign Missions. Minneapolis. Macleod. 96 pp. 18. Pickering and Inglis. London. The Word of the Cwss to Hindus. E. W. Thompson. 328 pp. 78. 6d. The Epistle of Paul to the Ephesians. Epworth Press. London. Charles R. Erdman. 130 pp. $1.00. Presbyterian Board of Christan Islam and Moder>lism in Egypt. Education. Philadelphia, Pa. Charles C. Adams. 283 p. 7s. 6d. Oxford University Press. London. The Heart of Rachel. Winifred Raw- lings. 190 pp. 1s. 6d. Pickering The Heritage of Asia. Kenneth Saun- & Inglis. London. ders. lIlus. 224 pp. $1.75. Mac- millan. New York. Wayfaring for Christ. A. M. Chirg- win. 160 pp. 28. Livingston Press. The Buddha and the. Ohrist. B. H. London. Streeter. (The Bampton Lectures for 1932). 235 pp. $2.00. Mac- The White African. G. A. Wilder. millan. New York. 192 pp. Morse Press. Bloomfield, N. J. The Indians of Canada. Diamond Jenness. 446 pp. $2.50. Depart- Lutheran Mission Year Book -1933. ment of Mines, National Museum of 158 pp. M2. H. G. Wallman. Canada. Leipszig. Germany.

[344 ]

Item. Canadian Keswick, in all of which he 1,180,000 Bibles Placed

has rendered significant service for Rt. Rev. George Graham Brown, the cause of Christ. THE GIDEONS Anglican Bishop in Jerusillem, is the new president of the Bible Lands Sun- *** in Hotel Bedrooms for the day School Union. Before coming to Jerusalem, Bishop Graham Brown Dr. and Mrs. R. E. 'McAlpine of the o Benefit of Those Who Travel was principal of Wycliffe Hall, Ox- Presbyterian Church, South, who have You are invited to have a part in this ford University. been missionaries in Japan since 1885, important work by sending a contribu- have recently been retired from ac- tion to the Bible Fund. $1.00 will place *** tive service. The Nagoya Chapel, a Bible. founded by Dr. McAlpine, has devel- Dr. Mary Florence Denton, often oped into four organized churches con- Eligibility for Membership called "best known foreign woman in ducting five Sunday schools and work Japan," has been decorated by the at six country stations. The field of the work having now sur- Emperor in recognition of her 43 rounded the globe, has caused the openyears of service in the cause 6f educa- *** ing of membership to tion. She is a missionary of the American Board of Commissioners for The Rev. George Van Bibber All Christian Business Men Foreign Missions and lives at Doshi- Shriver has been appointed the first sha University, Kyoto. missionary to India representing the THE GIDEON MAGAZINE. $1.00 per Arne I' i can Protestant Episcopal year. Write for particulars to *** Church. A careful estimate shows that the budget for five years will be THE GIDEONS Dr. Yoshimune Abe, well-known $10,020. minister and educator in the Japan The Christian Commercial Travelers' Methodist Church, has been elected Mr. Shriver, who has been study- Association of America, International president of Aoyama Gakuin in To- ing at the Kennedy School of Miskyo. Dr. Abe was graduated from sions, Hartford, in final preparation 202 So. State Street Chicago, Illinoi. Drew Seminary, Madison, N. J., in for his new work, is a graduate of 1915. the Calvert School, Baltimore, and of $175 a year. In 1906 he was Johns, Hopkins University. He is to elected corresponding secretary of the * *' * sail this summer to begin work under Missionary Society of the United Dr. Azariah, the Bishop of Dornakal. Evangelical Church. In 1926 he was Dr. Roland V. Bingham, editor of The Metropolitan of Calcutta and the made honorary secretary. the Evangel:ical Christian, Toronto, Bishop of Dornakal have expressed and secretary of the Sudan Interior their thankfulness that the American *' *" * Mission, has recently celebrated the Church is to cooperate with them in fortieth anniversary of his entrance southern India. Rev. G. W. Painter, D.D., for thirty into active Christian work. Dr. Bing- years a pioneer missionary in China, ham was born in England 60 years The Rev. Canon W. E. S. Holland. died on March 7th, at Pulaski, Va., at ago, and after experience in the Sal- who has served as Principal of St. the age of 93. vation Army, founded the Sudan In- John's College, Agra, India, has reterior Mission. He has also been very cently retired from missionary serv- * * :II: active in the Evangelical Publishing ice and has returned to England after House, the Gowans Home, and the thirty-three years of service. Hol- John Polglase. first man in Singa- land Hall in Allahabad is named in pore to join the Methodist Church, Printin his honor. The Rev. T. D. Suley, of died in London in April at the age of the staff of St. John's College, is suc- 79. He rendered valuable help in When You Require It ceeding Canon Holland as principal. building up a successful lIalayia Con- ference. We wish to extend to you an invi- The Rev. Ernest W. Riggs, D.D., tation to become acquainted with formerly a missionary in Turkey and '" * THE EVANGELICAL PRESS of for some years a secretary of the The Rev. Ephraim H. Jones, Bap- Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. American Board of Commissioners tist missionary in Japan from 1884 for Foreign Missions, was recently to 1920, died on December 24, 1932. Thousands of institutions and individ- elected president of Ariatolia College. uals have accepted a similar invitation, Saloniki, Greece. He expects to take * * "* and have enjoyed a profitable printing up this work in September. Dr. Riggs association for years. comes of a line of missionaries who Mrs. William Borden, one of the have devoted their lives to giving the generous supporters of the REVIEW, Our specialty is Books, Magazines and Gospel to the people of Turkey. His and a warm friend of Christian Mis- Booklets. We have modern equipment grandfather, Elias Riggs, was a sions, died at her home in New York to meet all the requirements of your pioneer and a remarkable linguist. on May 9th, at the age of seventy-one. particular job. Our service is quick, His father, Dr. Edward W. Riggs, Mrs. Borden was a director oj' the careful and courteous. was a missionary in Marsovan, and American Bible Society and was ac- several brothers and sisters are also tive in many religious organizations. Why not allow us to estimate on your still working in that needy field. Her son, William W. Borden, of Yale, next printing ? You will be delighted 1909, died in Cairo, Egypt, about sixwith our product, price, and service. Obituary Notes teen years ago, while preparing for missionary work among the Moslems The Evangelical Press Dr. B. H. Niebel, an honored min- of China. A Mission Hospital was ister of the Evangelical Church for erected in his memory and is now Printers of fifty-two years died in Harrisburg, carried on by the China Inland Mis- Pennsylvania, on April 9th, at the age sion. The Missionary Review of the World of seventy-nine. Dr. Niebel was born in Pittsburgh, August 10, 1854. His *** PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE: father and grandfather were both Evangelical ministers. Ben jam i n Mrs. Frank Gaylord Cook died at Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, P.. Hershey Niebel was married in 1881 her home in Cambridge, Mass., on and began his ministry with a salary April 20th, after a long illness. She was fifty-nine years old. Mrs. Cook was deeply interested in the Federa- tion of Woman's Boards for Foreign Missions.

– – – : Don't MISS Reading These Books ~~–

ROBERT E. SPEER'S GREATEST BOOK•••STONE LECTVRBS 193Z.1933 The Finality of ~esus Chris'

By ROBERT E. SPEER Prof. A. T. Robertson (Southern Baptist Theo. Sem.) Pre8ident Steven.on (Princeton Theo. Sem.) says: "The says: "I wish all ministers could read it, for its influence for good is immeasurable. I never enjoyed a course of lectures greatest contribution Dr. Speer has made to religious litso much in my life and am reading the book with delight." erarure, • . • it will have a wide reading and a perma- nent influence in strengthening the faith." $3.00 ROBERT E. SPEER CLELAND BOYD McAFEE ~~Re-Thinking Missionstt The I)nt:u' Nerve 01 Missions Exomined "A clarion call for renewed efforts. Dr. McAfee goes Entirely free of antagonism or personalities, conceived to the heart of the missionary enterprise. • • • An in a spirit of sincere criticism and revealing in every para- illuminating study of the present situation."-United Pres- byrerian. $1.50 graph, a close, well-informed knowledge of, and acquaint- ance with, the subject. Boards, 50c.

MARY BREWSTER HOLLISTER GEORGE WARREN HINMAN, D.D.

Seere",ry, American Missionary Association The Amerit:on Indion ond Moi-Dee 01 .he Moun'oins Chris'ion Missions An intriguing tale of present-day China, recounted in a A most important work on missions among American manner adaptable for missionary reading courses, as well Indians, the work undertaken by missionaries and the re- as for general use. $1.50 sults which have accrued. $1.50 H. I ATALL FLEMING REVELL COMPANY .58 Filth Avenue I-I. . . . . BOOK STORES NEW YORK Do Not Econotnize on Knowledge "Next to nobility of character, men have greatest reverence for those who have a knowledge of important facts."

TO KNOW THE FACTS ABOUT WORLD CONDITIONS READ AND PERSUADE OTHERS TO READ niB MISSIONARY ~~ NOTE THESE COMING ARTICLES PERSIA REVIVALS OF THE PAST CENTURY THE STRENGTH AND WEAKNESS OF ISLAM William Miller of Teheran Samuel M. Zwemer COMMUNISM OR CHRIST IN AMERICA SOME MOVING PICTURES IN BURMA John McDowell Raymond B. Buker CHRIST IN THE SOUTHERN MOUNTAINS CHRIST AND THE MODERN WORLD William J. Hutchins Mission Study Series Ask for the REVIEW at Your Booksellers and at Summer Conferences Subscriptions, $2.50 a year. Single Copies, 25 cents each J

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1933

1933

A Remarkable Letter from China James P. Leynes Healing the Woes of Ethiopia Stuart Bergsma Are We Stockholders or Ambassadors Samuel M. Zwemer Modern Evidences of the Supernatural J. Ross Stevenson "The Other Spanish Christ"

A Review by C. S. Detweiler

to Remember SOME

February 2-Annual Meeting of the (['Or ~nnbav ~£htllli ffime5 American Christian Literature So- ciety for Moslems. 8 p. m., Marble COULD NOT BE IMPROVED Collegiate Church, New York. But it has been, with the first and everyday life, the latest re- February 5-9-Founders' Week at issue in January. Moody Bible Institute, Chicago. ports of archeology's discoveries It is more easily read. February 6-1'3-International Council in Bible Lands; and all presented of Religious Education, Chicago, Ill. More convenient in size. by an unusual combination of February 12–Race Relations Sunday. More easily carried about for use in those valuable odd mo- scholarship,culture,and efficiency, February 14-Annual Meeting of the ments. with an unswerving faith in the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, More readily filed for reference as an illuminating Bible commen- whole Bible and the blood Gospel 3 p. m., 156 Fifth Ave., New York. tary, Sunday-school lesson and method help, and spiritual treas- of our Lord Jesus Christ. Maroh 3-World Day of Prayer. ury. Subscription rates $2 a year, or April 19-21-Federal Council Confer- 'This interdenominational jour- ence on Evangelism, Pittsburgh, nal, published every week, con- $1.50 in clubs of five or more Pa. tains a dozen unusual helps for teachers on the greatest course of copies, either to separate addresses May 9-General Conference of the Bible lessons ever prepared for United Brethren in Christ. Akron, Sunday-schools, the International or to one address; in Canada 25 Ohio. Uniform Lessons; special articles on successful methods of work in cents additional. Twenty-five May 17-General Council of the Re- Church,Sunday-school, and young formed Episcopal Church, Triennial people's SOCIetIes; answers to cents with the coupon will bring Meeting. Germantown, Philadel- puzzling questions in Bible study phia, Pa. the paper to you for 10 weeks.

May 23-29 – Northern Baptist Con- rThe~und:-;cho':-~: ~::y~ _. vention, Annual Meeting. Wash- I Box 1550, Philadelphia, Pa. ington, D. C. MR-233 May 24-31-General Council of the I For the 25 cents enclosed please send 'The Congregational and C h r i s t ian I Sunday School 'Iimes for 10 weeks to Churches. Cleveland, Ohio. I Name. Personal Items I Dr. Howard B. Grose, who for the I Address past twenty-three years has been Editor of the American Baptist II …… … … . monthly, Missions, closed his active career with the December issue. He Dr. H. Namkung has been elected six children. Mr. Stokes has been is now in his 82d year, and has had a Moderator of the Presbyterian Church known to be devoted but eccentric and long and exceedingly useful life of in Korea. As a sixteen-year-old boy, has passed through many stages in his service. In the "unexplored realm of he walked 65 miles to Seoul in search varied career. He says that his new retirement," as he calls it, he will, as of an education. He is now professor step does not imply that he "considers editor emeritus, continue to supply of New Testament Literature and Christianity a false religion or Hincontributions from his richly-filled Exegesis in Pyengyang Theological duism a true one." He has not been storehouse of reminiscences. Seminary and holds the degree of converted in a religious sense but has Master of Theology from Princeton identified himself with Hinduism for *** seminary. the purpose of larger service. Whether Dr. James H. Franklin, Secretary of this will result from his present step the Baptist Foreign Mission Board, *** is a question. It is difficult to conhas recently completed a tour of ceive of anyone becoming a Hindu twelve foreign fields. He made espe- Ward W. Adair, for 25 years ex- without denying Jesus Christ as the cial study of conditions among Bap- ecutive secretary of the Grand Central revelation of God and Saviour of men. tists in Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Railroad Branch of the New York Esthonia. Y. M. C. A., has resigned after com- *** pleting 40 years of service. During *** this period the organization has David Z. T. Yui, internationally Rev. William P. White has re- grown from a few isolated points to known Chinese Y. M. C. A. worker, signed the presidency of Los Angeles a recognized adjunct of railroad oper- was taken ill January 4th at Wash- Bible Institute to act as Regional Di- ation at 206 railroad centers. ington, D. C., after a conference with rector of the School. Secretary Henry L. Stimson at the *** State Department. His right side *** was paralyzed. Dr. John H. Finley has been William Traver,s Jerome, Jr., of awarded the American Hebrew medal New York, has been chosen Chairman Dr. Yui carried letters of introducfor 1932, for contributing most to- of the Baptist National Council to tion from prominent Chinese. He has ward the promotion of better under- succeed Mr. W. C. Coleman. Mr. been identified with the Young Men's standing between Christian and Jew Jerome has long been identified with Christian Association movement in in America during the year. many phases of lay religious activity. China since 1916 and has traveled widely in Europe and the United *** *** States as a speaker. He was born Dr. Lapsley Armstrong McAfee who fifty-one years ago at Wuchang, for many years served as pastor of Samuel E. Stokes, of Philadelphia, First Presbyterian Church, Berkeley, who was one of the Founders of "The China, the son of Christian Parents. Cal., has been honored with a bronze Brotherhood of the Imitation of Je~ His father was connected with Boone plaque, upon which are inscribed the sus" twenty years ago, and later mar- College. The son was graduated from names and places of service of 136 ried an Indian women and retired to Harvard in 1910 and then returned to men and women who went out from a farm at Kotgarh, North India, has work in China. First church as missionaries during embraced Hinduism, with his wife and Dr. McAfee's pastorate.

MEMORIAL BUILDING OF THE TAFARI MAKONNEN HOSPITAL, AMERICAN

ETHIOPIAN PRIESTS~THE HIGH PRIElST IN THE CIDNTER HAS ON HIS HEAD THE "ARK OF THE COVENANT"

PROTESTANT MISSIONARY WORK AND ETHIOPIAN RELIGION IN ABYSSINIA (See page 72.)

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER Two FEBRUARY, 1933 Topics of the Times A SPIRITUAL MOVEMENT IN CHINA ported that one of the uneducated country women, evidently under the influence 'Of the Holy Spirit, rose From recent dispatches received from China, as up and started suddenly to sing. The missionary said printed in the daily newspapers, it would seem that he never heard a voice more beautiful, and he that the only events taking place in that disturbed felt as though he were in an electric circuit, tingling country have to do with disastrous floods, famine, all over. The improvised hymn she ,sang was in perbanditry, revolutions, strikes, boycotts and inter- fect "kuan hua" and someone wrote it on the wall national disputes. Disturbing as these are, they as she sang. It is still on the wall and is frequently are in reality, largely surface eruptions, due to sung all through this region. internal weakness and disorders. Story after story was related of blessing that has There is a deeper life in China today; there are come to churches after Ling Eng Hui 'meetings. more significant events, about which the world at The conversions and growth of the churches show in large knows little or nothing. They send their almost every case where these meetings have been roots beneath the surface and do not center in port held. There has been an increase ·of over 1,500 Chriscities. In the midst of external trouble, involving poverty and suffering, the Christians are carrying tians in the Weihsien field-or 25 % in two years. on their work in the name and power of Christ. Many mission centers, with churches, schools and Church after church reported that, whereas formerly hospitals from which foreign help has had to be it had been cold, now prayer meetings are held every withdrawn, are now carried on entirely by Chi- day-some daily before dawn for a year. Mooney has nese Christians and effectively. Revivals and spir- also come from the Chinese to build or enlarge the itual awakenings are reported from many differ- churches to accommodate the new members. One ent centers. A letter from a young missionary of church that had taken in scarcely one member for the American Presbyterian Mission, written to his twenty years has suddenly found itself growing rapmissionary parents, gives the following stirring idly. facts: Many Christians now are tithing. Sixteen years At the recent annual meeting of our Weihsien Pres- the presbytery debated the possibility of securing two bytery (Shantung) thrilling reports were received coppers per member in place of one copper a memfrom the churches. Both pastors and elders speak ber as it had been. Now the gifts average 15 copfor each church so that if there is any divergence of pers a member, and next year the Christians hope to opinion it can be brought out. make it 40 coppers per member. Some pastors volun- tarily gave up the portion of their salary which came from the Mission-about half their income.

Many opium addicts have also been given freedom from their dope-one of these was a man who had been for 35 years an addict. A 53-year-old Taoist Two years ago a revival, starting among the Chi- became a believer. Bandits have come forward to nese pastors and elders, began to sweep through this province under the name of the Ling Eng Hui, confess their sins. or Spiritual Grace Movement. There have been some excesses, but on the whole the movement has been a The movement definitely insists 'On the public conmarvellous evidence of the work and power of the fession of sin, on restitution, on forsaking of sin. It Holy Spirit-with many of the manifestati'Ons recorded in the New Testament times. TheBe are so is Christ and Cross centered, and is absolutely Bibcommon, and evidenced in so many remarkable ways, that there is no more use in denying them than in lical. . denying half the scientific facts which we accept. At one meeting last year, the only foreigner there re- I went to the Presbytery meeting prepared to think that the foreigner must be the stabilizing influence, the guide and leader in these meetings to restrain them from emotional excesses. But every serm'On by the Chinese was filled with the pointedness which only the Holy Spirit can give, in directing the people away [67 ]

from excesses and the selfish side of the movement. ucts. This aggressive militaristic party is getting No foreigner could have given as good a sermon. Japan into hot water with Europe and America, and with neighboring countries, is bringing pov- If ever anything met the aim and motives of the erty on her own people and is creating unrest, a Missionary enterprise, of a spiritual "self-supporting, spirit of rebellion among many anti-imperialistic self-propagating, self-governing Church," this move- Japanese. The weak central government in ment fits the bill. It is a Chinese interpretation of China, the internal disturbances and the disor- Christianity. It is a movement of the Holy Spirit ganized bands of soldiers in J ehol and other disand breaks down denominational lines. The Chinese tricts of Manchuria have provoked the Japanese say: "When there is a revival the Baptists come and to suppress disorder with a strong hand. This help us, and we go and help them. Where the Holy gives greater prestige to Japanese militarism. Spirit is working, one does not think of denominations." On the other hand a distinct and powerful spir- itual influence is being felt in Japan. This is evi- This report is from only one of the thousand denced by such religious and educational work as Protestant mission stations, from one district, one is carried on by the missionary agencies, the vari- Presbyterian mission, in one province. Similar ous organizations for peace and the Kingdom of reports come from the Baptists and China Inland God Movement which is promoted by Japanese Missions, and other missions in other provinces. Christians. The third year of this Movement has Far away as Yunnan mountain tribes are respond- just closed and the Central Committee plans to ing to the impact of the Gospel but lack teachers publish a report of what has been accomplished. to lead them onward. In some centers different A statement from the National Christian Council missions unite in the prayer and evangelistic serv- of Japan says that the main achievements have ices. At Shuntefu, North China, Chinese evangel- been: ists of the Bethel Band led the meetings in which the China Inland Mission and Presbyterians co- (1) The movement has been of great value to the operated. cause of interdenominational cooperation. In the Cen- tral Committee in Tokyo, and in the district commit- This spiritual movement seems to be real and tees all over Japan leader,s of most of the Protestant widespread. Both missionaries and Chinese tes- churches have met together to plan and carry through tify that the power of God is shown in radically a united effort to advance the Kingdom of God. These changed lives. Several characteristics are notice- three years of praying, planning and working together able. The Chinese preachers and elders, not for- cannot but have brought the goal of church union eigners, are the leaders; there is evident a deep much nearer. sense of sin, confession, repentence and restitution; the emotions are stirred in a way that is (2) The cause of Christ has been materially adunusual among Chinese; the work is practical in vanced. Large numbers of Japanese have heard the its outcome as is shown by the wrongs that are Message for the first time. Many have been added righted; the revival is marked by much prayer to the number of those who "are being saved." The and Bible study; the churches are built up; lib- churches have been quickened to new earnestness and erality increases, and church members are enlist- activity. The widespread development of rural Gospel ing in active evangelism and other forms of Chris- schools and training conferences for rural workers tian service; above all a radiant joy possesses has been 'one of the notable achievements. Evanthose who make the full surrender. The Chinese gelism and character training in Christian schools has are beginning to see clearly that no Christian ex- been stimulated. A beginning has been made in facperience is real unless there is evidence of its tory evangelism and city Gospel schools. The enlistvitality in right living, in joyous fellowship and ment and training of lay workers has been notably effective service. advanced.

WHAT HOPE FOR JAPAN? (3) The whole church has secured the invaluable services of great leaders. Dr. Ebina, after ten years As in other countries, opposing forces are con- of service as President of the Doshisha University, tending in Japan for control of national policies. addressed crowded meetings from Kyushu to Hok- On the one hand there is the strong militaristic, kaido. Prof. Iwahashi, the blind philosopher, stirred nationalistic party that is nQw in the saddle and audiences all over Japan by his powerful and thoughthas recently led to new invasions of China. These ful preaching and by his own personal fortitude. A leaders seek to strengthen Japan politically and host of pastors, teachers from Christian schools, and economically by keeping an army and a navy that consecrated laymen, travelled thousands of miles and can defy any opposition. They aim to keep in sub- brought fellowship and inspiration to churches in jection all internal dissention and to extend Ja- remote places. pan's control over sufficient territory to permit of expansion for colonization, for increased economic Mr. Kagawa, chief founder of the whole movement, resources and for a market for Japanese prod- has given practically full time service. He has given not a mere flying trip but .an intensive campaign to every prefecture in Japan together with campaigns in Formosa, the Loochoo Islands, Hokkaido and Sag- halien. While the Central Committee has adminis-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

tered 'Over Y25,OOO each year, Mr. Kagawa has n'Ot The Christians 'Of India, in spite of the fact that they received a cent 'Of remuneration bey'Ond his travel are a min'Ority community and stand to gain much expense and this in the face 'Of falling income fr'Om by being represented separately in the national and America for the extensive social work for which he provincial governing bodies, have declared for the is resp'Onsible. While uph'Olding s'Ound Christian faith principle 'Of J'Oint Electorates,. thus showing their and teaching, he has persistently and fearlessly pr'O- desire t'O throw in their l'Ot with the majority comclaimed, with James, that "faith with'Out w'Orks is munities, trusting them to respect their rights, and dead." He has preached the Gospel and has led in the dev'Oting themselves to the public good. This is the 'Organizati'On and maintenance of vari'Ous imp'Ortant Christian c'Ontribution t'O Indian nati'Onalism, and it c'O'Operative enterprises. is a modern interpretation 'Of the meaning of the Cross in politics. The sympathy and prayers of Christians all over the world should be with the Japanese in this There is much which should enc'Ourage Christians hour of crisis. Pride is leading her statesmen in in the American church, in the spirit of the Christhe way of destruction but her people have the tian brotherhood in India. In India prayer, humility ability and the opportunity to lead Asia into peace and devoti'On are very real. The Church here is stirand prosperity. ring with new life and a new passion f'Or winning India t'O Christ. It is a joy to see c'Ourage and en- ENCOURAGEMENTS FROM INDIA thusiasm grow, and results shown in a strong Chris- tian witness to the town and the district and the Fifty years ago if Christian missionaries had nation. seen the signs of change that are clearly manifested in India today they would have been over- CHRISTIANITY AND COMMUNISM whelmed with astonishment. Miracles fail to make an impression when they become common or when There are many lessons that Christians can they take place gradually and by recognized learn from Communism. This social and economic forces. They may be miracles none the less. The movement is a protest against selfish accumulation education and freedom of woman in India is a of wealth and the unjust distribution of power miracle, when we realize that woman has always and of material things. It has come to be a social been looked upon there as lower than a beast. passion and has taken the place of religious belief To find six million Christians in India is a miracle and fervor. Some of the most ardent and unwhen we consider the forces in opposition to every selfish "missionaries" today are Communists. conversion. The movements within Hinduism to They are working for what they believe to be the break down the ancient barriers of caste and to good of humanity rather than for personal gain. admit untouchables to temples and to government Mistaken as they are in many of their beliefs and offices indicate a miracle when we consider how practices they show a definite aim and an enerthe system is entrenched in India. The growing getic and fearless activity which the church of influence of Christ and of Christian ideals in the Christ may well emulate. But all the good charthought and life of Indians is a miracle when we acteristics of Communism are found in New Tesconsider that fifty years ago everything Christian tament Christianity-social justice, unselfish was anathema. The social and religious reform sharing of goods with the poor, refusal to lay up movements in India, looking toward the lessening wealth, work for all at a living wage, no seeking of immorality and cruelty in temple worship and of personal preferment, service to our fellow men in family life are miracles when we consider the as the highest ambition, earnest spreading of power of the priesthood and the strength of long truth. established customs. The growth of the Christian church is a miracle, when we consider the material But Communism has denied God and Jesus of which it is built. Christ as the Way of Life. The Communistic lead- ers have mistakenly linked capitalism and earthly A recent letter from Dr. A. E. Harper of Moga imperialism with Christianity. This is the fault gives other encouraging signs. He writes: of those who have failed to follow Christ in His life of self-denial. Today Christians need to mani- Mr. Gandhi's ringing call t'O Hindus to "rem'Ove the fest more consistently the life of Him who came last vestige 'Of unt'Ouchability" has roused many t'O a "not to be served but to serve and to give His life determinati'On to d'O away with this shame 'Of injus- as a ransom for many." In America and in Eutice. Orth'Od'Ox Hinduism is aroused to c'Ontend f'Or rope, as well as in China, many Christians are livthe religi'Ous tradition 'Of caste, but there is a str'Ong ing this life as a witness to offset Communism and tide against the wh'Ole system. An increasing number to win Communists to the way of the Cross. A of c'Ourage'Ous men and w'Omen are determined to give recent editorial in The Sunday School Times the full rights to the 'Outcastes. The day is c'Oming (based on articles in the Allgemeine Evangelwhen Christ's c'Onviction 'Of the worth of every human isch Lutherische Kirchenzeitung and Licht und personality shall be shown so clearly by Christ's Leben) gives an interesting account of the Chris- Church in this land that "untouchability" shall pass. tian efforts to reach the Communists in Germany:

The influence 'Of atheistic CDmmunism is pDwerfully ideals of closer cooperation, the survey of occufelt in Germany. In 1910 there were but 39 regis- pied fields with a view to the elimination of tered members in the German Freethinkers UniDn. wasteful denominational rivalry, the examination By 1918 the number had risen tD 3,322; tDday there of unoccupied territory for the purpose of asare nearly 800,000. signing responsibility for putting the Gospel within reach of all, the establishment of coop- These figures signify large incDme fDr prDpaganda. erative interdenominational councils in various SDmething like a milliDn dDllars pDured intD the anti- states and the holding of national and local con- GDd mDvement last year. It centers in Berlin and ferences, the production and distribution of more withDut dDubt receives large subsidy frDm Russia. adequate Home Mission literature and more ef- fective Christian work for new Americans. Subsidiary mDvements alsD hDstile tD Christianity include the sD-called Tannenberg Alliance led by Gen- The Council of Women for Home Missions was eral and Frau LudendDrff. This calls fDr "redemptiDn established in November, 1908, and emphasized from Christ" and IVDks fDr salvatiDn tD nature, tD united prayer, cooperation and conferences "the German GDd," and tD the gDd in man. PastDr among women's boards, the preparation of mis- Miiller-Schwefe calls fDr an effectual mDbilizatiDn 'Of sion study books, the holding of Home Mission Christian fDrces tD meet this ,situatiDn. He asks fDr conferences and summer schools and also under- "a large scale scheme 'Of enlightenment, fDr thDusands took to carry out definite administrative mission- 'Of lectures vn BDlshevism and the Free ThDught mDve- ary projects for immigrants, for migrant workment, tD present the Christian pDint 'Of view." ers and for American Indians in schools.

M,Dre interesting is the repDrt vf things dDne. "In Great progress has been made in carrying for- 1923 fDr the first time in Westphalia we succeeded in ward the work along all these lines. There is getting tDgether SDme thirty brethren frDm the wage- today much less denominational rivalry, there earning class fDr an eight-day cDnference. The time are few unoccupied fields, many community was spent in earnest study 'Of burning questiDns frDm churches have been established, there is real felthe Christian standpDint. Year by year the number lowship and cooperation in Home Missions, and has grDwn. Other prDvinces and areas 'Of Germany the work among rural pastors has been greatly imhave fDIIDwed. In 1931 our department fDr apolDgetics proved. The principle has been adopted to refuse repDrted sixtY-Dne grDup cDnferences. Many declare missionary subsidies to any churches that are that here first have they learned what true Christian- located in over-churched districts. The Home ity is, here first fDund themselves face to face with Mission task before the Christian forces today is GDd. It is deeply mDving tD see how WhDlly hDstile to join in the evangelization of the land and to neWCDmers capitulate befDre the GDspel. promote vital Christianity in all phases of Amer- ican life. One of the newer interests of the "Out 'Of these grDup-meetings a training system has Council is a deeper sense of responsibility for the grown. The especially gifted are devel<>ped by dif- 4,000,000 Jews in America that are fast becomferent methDds in a fDur-weeks' peDple's normal ing a people without vital religion. CQurse. As a rule we recDgnize five stages 'Of missiDnary activity,-first, amDng family and relatives; sec- The two Councils that unite Home Mission Dndly, in wDrkshDp and factDry; thirdly, in the parish forces enter on a new era of activity, facing by hDuse-tD-hDuse visitatiDn; fDurthly, by witness and many difficulties and problems but ready to discussi'Dn in freethinkers' meetings; fifthly, by mis- undertake new tasks to meet old situations and siDnary pDlemic." new needs. Their success depends, not on ex- tensive surveys and elaborate technique, more Other,s are labDring alDng similar lines. Dr. Hans extensive organization or larger financial re- Berg is an attDrney WhD fDr a dDzen years has wDrked sources, but on an increase of spiritual power all as a VDlunteer evangelist amDng the alienated wage- along the line, a clearer vision of human need wDrkers. He depends much 'On discussiDn meetings, and of God's provision to meet that need, and a fDr these crDwds dDn't want to be preached tD merely; greater, more sacrificial, devotion in uniting all they want their dDubts and questiDns answered. our energies to make Christ dominant in Ameri- can life. A locksmith near Berlin began wDrk amDng the de- Christianized villages at the gates 'Of that city. He After several years of effective service, Dr. put tDgether a gypsy-wagDn and invited a Lutheran John McDowell has retired from the presidency pastDr tD jDin him in circuits. In it they cDDked and of the Home Missions Council and is succeeded slept and frDm its steps preached the GDspel. by the Rev. Charles E. Schaeffer, D.D., the hon- ored secretary of the Board of Home Missions of TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF COOPERATION the Reformed Church in the United States. The Rev. James S. Kittell of the Reformed Church in The Home Missions Council and the Council of America is the new vice-president. Women for Home Missions have this year impressively celebrated their silver anniversary in interdenominational cooperative work in behalf of home missionary work. The Home Missions Council was organized in March, 1908, with a few societies and now includes over seventy denominational boards. They set before them the

A Remarkable Letter from

REV. JAMES P. LEYNS£ PRESBYTERIAN MISSION PElpING. CHINA Christmas 1932• .?t Dear Friends, We have had a glorious preparation for the Christmas season. The Lord has wrought new wonders in bringing into new birth many lives in this . ancient city. As part of a spiritual movement that is spreading over ~ .orth ChiDa, a oro. .ing revival has come to Pei.in•• During a month of revival meetings we have seen audiences of 1000 to ~ 1500 kneeling in united prayer. spontaneously praying together ALOUD, "lltting up their voices with one accord" ; pleading like' 'the sound ot ~ many water,s". Never before have we known of so many people going to four Jl- meetings a day. Never before have we heard such inspiring congregational ~s slnglng< Never before have we seen our Church members so burdened with a passion tor souls.

Hundreds confessed their sins, and publicly took a stand tor Jesus Christ. A large number promised to return money acquired in a dishonest way. A rich old man gave up his young CHRISTMAS concubine; another, his opium pipe; an old lady, who had smoked since she was nine, her cigarets; a college student renounced GRgTING5 his anarchistic intentions. Servants confessed their "squeeze" habits, and dignified officials their false pretentions. Deeply hidden sin was revealed and the cleansing power of the blood of Christ made evident through joyous tears and beam- ing faces.

Church members, formely cold and critical,.

have been gloriously transformed and filled with a new fire. Their ringing testimonials have showed real manifestations of divine energy at work.

Pastors and evangelists alike have newly dedicated themselves to their calling, followed by volunteer Church workers. At one Sunday morning service 80 of our Church members knelt on the platform to be consecrated to evangelistic activities.

At the conclusion of the special services in our Presbyterian Church the movement spread to other sections of the city and 32 days of meetings were held. All to.gether '76 volunteer evangelistic bands have been formed, each consisting of 3 to 5 persons. The eagerne·ss of the people to follow the banner of the Cross has been inspiring to behold. Dignified old gentlemen in silk and satin, ladies [71 ]

effording motor-cars, boys and girls of the mission schools, college students, and illiterate men of the back alleys all carried flags and banners in their zealous determination to spread thc Gospel.

Pastor Kung, whose relatives were martyred and who himself bears a scar on his head since the day when he was nearly beheaded because of his faith, testified that in the 40 years of his service he has never seen such a deep and moving spiritual manifestation.

It started with the Presbyterian Mission. For years we had felt the need for a fresh revelation of spiritual power, labored for souls, and have been vaquely conscious that the Spirit was moving. For months there has been a willingness on the part of the church members to dedicate then:selves, as shown I:y frequent gatherings together for prayer and fellowship. We heard of the Bethel Evangelistic Band of Shanghrii and invited them to come to Peiping. Five Chinese young men arrived. Dr. John SUng and Rev. Andrew Gih as preach- ers, Mr. Frank Lin as interpreter and Mr. Philip Lee and Mr. Lincoln Nieh as song-leaders and student-workers. By the second day we realized that in these young men we had with us the presence and power of the Holy Splrit . They were singularly fitted for their difficult task.

They preached in arresting simplicity, with a definite aim in mind, in a complete surrender to the Spirit, and with full assurance of victory. Their sermons were a revelation of the Chinese application of evangelistic methods. They did not snatch Bible texts from here and there but explained the Scrip- tures in words and pictures on the blaCkboard, paragraph by paragraph, and chapter after chapter. A whole chapter *as put into a sermen, so that the harmony of the Word became clear to the audience somewhat unfamiliar with the Bible. The people read the verses or paragraphs aloud while the sermon pro- gressed. Xh~ preachers stressed cooperation in worship and made the l);oetings less minister-centric. They had everybody praying together and aloud in accordance with Chinese tradition and custom. They taught the people to sing catchy choruses. A new one each meeting was repeated over and over all through the sermon and again was sung while the congregation was leaving the auditorium. Often the singing was continued as the people walked down the street. Sometimes just before the sermon ther~ was a rapid succes- sion of sentence-testimonials; at one meeting almost a hundred in fifteen minutes.

The preachers also showed their understanding of the Chinese mentality in their emphasizing or the priestly phase of the ministry. Confessiotl sin seemed at once essential to ma~y. Between meetings our livingroom, diningroom, hall, study, even upstairs bedrooms were converted into sanc- turies where burdened souls knelt to find salva- tion. Humphrey and Waldo back from school. wandered sometimes in awe and fear among those who wept and pled while waiting their turn to see Dr. Sung or Pastor Gih for a personal iuterview. The

A REMARKABLE LETTER FROM CHINA

Bethel Evangelistic workers gave themselves so completely to their calling that we often experienced the situation described in Mark 3: 20: "And the multitude came together so that they could not so much as eat bread".

All during these weeks a large number of Church members brought small packages of food to the afternoon meetings so that they could keep their seat s for the evening gathering. Some of those who live in the neigborhood kept open table for those living at a distance; others had a number of friends staying overnight. Every night a number of people slept on benches and doors in the Chapel so as not to miss the seven o'clock meating. An old woman, on tiny bound feet walked four hours a day so as to be at all the gatherings. A man walked each morning two hours from, and each evening two hours back to his house. Mothers rose at four A.M. so as to have household duties taken care of in timB for the morning session. Fathers took their turn in looking after the children. and whole families decided to do without warm meals so that the mothers could go to every meeting.

The send-off on the last evening was most impressive. Hundreds of people lined the dark street in front of our mission compound, oarrying lighted lanterns. The ba~d, the singing, a last word of prayer in the open, and the· students pulling the motor-car made an unforget,able sight. Also at the station a large crowd was gathered. Women wept and men sang as the train pulled out.

We are.all praying that the glad tidiug will be spread to other places by these faithful servants of the Lord.

Pray for us at Peiping. Committees arranging for city-wide follow-Up work are already busy. Volunteer workers are "preaching the word". Bible classos and volunteer leaders study groups have been formed. The "watch tower", a prayerroom in the back of our Church, is occupied for ten hours of each day. Special weekly prayer and report meetings are arranged for. Cottage meetings have been started and' 'family-altars" established. We are counting on your cooperation in prayer. May the Holy Spirit lead us to full victory this coming new year. With the season's greetings, yours for Christ and China.

the Woes of

By STUART BERGSMA, M.D., Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Missionary in charge of the American Mission Hos- pital of the United Presbyterian Church of North America,- author of "Rainbow Empire: Ethiopia Stretches Out Her Hands"

"WOE to Ethiopia!" cried Isaiah the proph- most in the center of Ethiopia. From this van- et of Judah. No one sees more of the tage point let us look about us.

woe in any benighted land than dO€s the Compared with the remainder of this mountain- medical missionary. This challenges his medical ous country, Addis Ababa is almost overwhelmed and surgical skill. with blessings, physical and spiritual. Any tour- At an altitude of almost two miles above sea ist, content with having seen the capital city, but level, on the high plateau which forms the most failing to make a tour of one to three months'

inhabited and most healthful part of Ethiopia, duration on muleback through the interior, has stands a modern, fully-equipped mission hospital. an entirely wrong idea of Ethiopia. The country It has been erected in Addis Ababa, the capital consists of two parts, there is first the capital city of Ethiopia, to show the love of Him who city, Addis Ababa with its railroad to the Red "was moved with compassion" by the sight of the Sea, all rapidly being modernized by the intro- neglected multitudes. duction of automobiles, aeroplanes, Paris styles, This hospital, with a staff of two missionary and foreign luxuries implanted bodily on the old doctors and four missionary nurses, with seventy- Ethiopia. A second and even more interesting five beds constantly occupied and 10,000 out- section of the land is the great ninety-nine per patients a year, is alleviating some of the woe of cent outside of the capital city. Here we find this ancient land, the traditional home of the sons people still living in the middle ages, with only of Solomon and the daughters of Sheba. Through footpaths or mulepaths for roads; with land its relief of some of the physical and spiritual woe tenure under a feudal system; with interesting so prevalent in this isolated land, the missionaries customs dating back to Solomon's day; with life are beginning to see a fulfillment of the prophecy reduced to bare existence amid poverty, supersti- of the Hebrew Psalmist: "Ethiopia shall soon tion and fear of the witch doctor; and with noth- stretch out her hands unto God." ing to relieve the untold physical suffering except The George Memorial Hospital of the American the ministrations of the ignorant galla medicine Mission stands, like one of the few watchmen on man.

the walls of Zion, in the land best known as Abys- Addis Ababa is still a place of great need. It SIma. On all sides arises the cry, wrung from has a native Ethiopian popUlation of 80,000 and the souls of ten million people whose physical and a foreign population of 10,000 (chiefly Hindu and spiritual needs have been untouched for nearly Mohammedan tradesmen from India, Arab mer- fifteen centuries: "What of the night? How chants from Arabia, and various peoples from much of the night is past? When will the day adjoining lands and European countries. But dawn?" nevertheless the capital has been singularly A rapid survey of Ethiopia reveals the great blessed above the remainder of the land, for here physical needs of the land and people. A small are centered the headquarters of the various mis- railroad, narrow gauged, a single pair of rails sion organizations, with at least one-third of the for most of its 487 miles, with a small engine total missionaries resident in Ethiopia.

which wheezes at every hill, takes us from Dji- There are in all Ethiopia only eight hospitals bouti, the seaport in French Somaliland, to Addis and all but three of these have less than a twenty- Ababa, the capital. It requires three long days to five-bed capacity. Four are government hospitals traverse this distance, but the railway represents and four are mission hospitals. There is also a an incalculable blessing to the people when we clinic at every mission station in Ethiopia, most consider that the only alternative would be mule- of them having either a doctor or a nurse in back or camelback ride for thirty days across a charge. The government is beginning to estab- grey desert of volcanic ash. Addis Ababa is al- lish dispensaries in certain districts, but at pres- [ 74 ]

HEALING THE WOES OF ETHIOPIA

ent there are not more than ten missionary phy- forms, and by limited funds, so that the condition sicians and ten reputable government physicians is still lamentable. Public health measures are in all of Ethiopia-for 10,000,000 people. The practically nonexistent. There has never been a total bed capacity of all hospitals is not above two census, there is no birth registration, no death hundred and fifty beds, or one hospital bed for registration, no sewage-disposal regulations, no every 40,000 inhabitants! Each doctor in Ethio- controlled water supply, no swamp drainage and pia can claim half a million people as his personal malaria control, no child welfare work, no wom- clientele! en's welfare work, only a beginning of maternity and prenatal work, and no control of epidemics or isolation in contagious diseases.

Due to the ignorance of the mothers, there is a high infant mortality rate. The huts of the people are unhealthful and unsanitary, usually being without windows and without chimney, al- though a fire is frequently smoking within the hut.

Among the more common diseases are tubercu- losis, dysentery, smallpox, typhus fever, malaria, relapsing fever, pneumonia, intestinal worms and venereal diseases. A glance at this list will at once convince us of the need for public health measures in better housing conditions against tu- berculosis; controlled sewage disposal and drink- ing water supply against dysentery; isolation of smallpox patients and compulsory vaccination; AN OLD MUD HUT IN ETHIOPIA measures aimed at extermination of mosquitoes, To show the great need in the outlying parts lice and ticks, respectively against malaria, typhus of the country, let us set out for a journey on mule- fever and relapsing fever. Surgically, the mediback from the capital city. To the east lies the cal missionary encounters tumors, large ulcers, railroad, giving easy access to the capital with goiters and many injuries from falling trees, rocks its relatively good medical facilities. There are and quarrels.

three doctors in all the eastern part of the coun- try. To the north you must travel for twenty days on muleback before you meet the first and only doctor. Setting our faces toward the south, we must journey for three days on muleback to the i first mission station with its Swedish doctor and his small, newly-built hospital. We can continue to travel for a month on muleback to the south, or southwest, all the way to Kenya Colony, without meeting another doctor in the entire area. To the west, twelve weary days on muleback bring us to our first doctor, a Swedish missionary with his forty-bed hospital at Nakempti. Eighteen days farther brings us to the second doctor and his dispensary at Sayo in the United Presbyterian mission. Another trail to the west, sixteen days TYPICAL NATIVE CHURCH IN ETHIOPIA from the capital, leads to the third doctor in Western Abyssinia in the United Presbyterian In general the attitude of the native is one of dispensary at Gorei. There are no other qualified indifference, apathy, or fatalism. "It is the will doctors or hospitals in all of Ethiopia, except for of God" is commonly heard concerning diseases, the capital city. Patients have reached our United so that disease and death are taken for granted.

Presbyterian mission hospital in the capital city The "evil eye" is blamed as the cause of much after having traveled two weeks or even a month, disease. In their ignorance and superstition, the to receive medical or surgical help. natives put faith in worthless amulets and charms His Majesty, the Emperor Haile Selassie I, is tied about th~ir bodies and trust for relief in the making every effort possible to bring about re- superstitious rites of the witch doctor and the forms in the fields of public health, handicapped merciless ministrations of the galla medicine man.

by many ultra-conservatives who oppose such re- To our mission hospital came a man who had

suffered with a peculiar itching of one leg for Another patient complained that while he slept twenty years. Many years before, soon after the with his mouth open a snake had crawled into his beginning of the disease, he had gone to a galla stomach and was now biting him. The patient medicine man and had described his disease, in was sure that he could see its tail if he looked into his own superstitious way, as consisting of ants a mirror with his mouth open and said "Ah!" After examining the man, and finding little amiss, ETHIOPIAN HAIRDRESSING we tried to convince him of the absence of a snake by washing out his stomach. The man maintained, and other insects crawling beneath his skin. The however, that the snake had crawled far back and medicine man had decided that the treatment was was hanging on with its teeth! clearly indicated. For ants crawling beneath the skin there is but one thing to do–bore holes into While the history of medical missions in Ethiothe leg and permit the ants to escape! That was pia covers approximately only ten years, they done. No ants crawled forth. It was repeated. have been a powerful opening wedge in Ethiopia, Still no therapeutic results. After much suffering a firm anchor, a forceful evangelizing agency, and the man abandoned all hope of being cured or re- a contributing factor in breaking down prejudice. lieved of the intolerable itching. He finally heard superstition, fear, and the grip of the medicine that there was a possibility of relief in the mis- man and witch doctor in certain localities. sion hospital. He came, and was cured of his illness within two weeks. Being curious to know While the physical needs of the Ethiopian are how many times this man had been willing to indeed great, the spiritual needs are even greater. endure the boring process without any anresthetic, Approximately one-half of the people of the land I counted the scars remaining as a reminder of are pagan. The natives worship the spirits of the medicine man's work, and found that the mountains, rivers, trees, apd all the things of man's leg had been bored into, incised, or burned nature. There are also Mohammedans, nominal in ninety different places! Christians and a small remnant of Jews.

A native, afflicted with some disease, will fre-· In all of these needs medical missions can be of quently ascribe the symptoms, such as pain in the great service by reaching those who come to the abdomen, to natural phenomena. Thus a young hospitals and dispensaries; serving as an object man, having suffered abdominal pain for six lesson of the love of Christ; spreading the fame years, assured me that he had a fish swimming of that "Name that is above every name," in about in his stomach. Six years before, as he whose sacrificial blood alone is salvation. Pawas drinking from a stream, he had swallowed a tients return to their near or far-off homes many minnow. This minnow had since grown into a days' journey away and tell the story as they go. large fish and was daily cutting his stomach with These Christian doctors and nurses hasten that its fins as it swam about. No arguments would day when "Ethiopia shall stretch out her hands change this young man's opinion and he departed unto God." with a very poor opinion of the doctor and his advice as to treatment. CHRISTIAN EVANGELIST AND FAMILY

We Stockholders orJ~Ambassadors?

By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., F.R.G.S., I J5..- I Princeton, N. J.

Author of "Across the World of Islam," Editor of "The Moslem World," etc.

THE choice of words in a Christian's vocabu- Since the Jerusalem Council meeting some claim lary is not of minor importance. Archbishop that the proper terminology of missions centers Trench says, in his classic, "On the Study of around the idea of sharing.t We read: Words," that there is a moral element in words The International Missionary Conference at J eruthemselves. salem gave indications of a new trend of thought They are enough to make us feel about them, that which is of profound .significance for missionary work.

they do not hold themselves neutral in the great con- Just as the Edinburgh Conference struck the note flict between good and evil, light and darkness, which of sympathy and was followed by an era of endeavor is dividing the world; that they are not contented to to understand other faiths and to appraise their values be the passive vehicles, now of r – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -.- – , sympathetically, 8'0 the Jerusalem the truth, and now of falsehood. Conference struck the note of We see on the contrary, that they Is it true, as some today sharing, and will, we hope, be folcontinually take their side, are claim, that religion is merely lowed by many different experisome of them children of light, a common human experience ments in the method of sharing others children of this world, or or search for God and that religious values and experiences even of darkness. Christianity is merely one of with members of other faiths. these religions which has Christian t e r m s have a reached a higher stage than The same idea is promi- Christian lineage that should other religions? According nent, not to say dominant, in not be heedlessly disregarded. to this belief. the best that the recently published Lay- There is a flavor about old and men's Appraisal of Foreign well loved words that make one Christians can do is to share Missions.t The use of t his the results of the search with hesitate to adopt substitutes seekers in other faiths. Dr. word without careful definition without good reason. A new Zwemer, Professor of the His- is to be deprecated for four word cannot easily be filled tory of Religion in Princeton, reasons: (1) It is not Scripwith the historic and charac- clearly shows that Christian- tural, (2) it is subject to many teristic content of the old. ity, according to the New and very loose interpretations, Testament and the Founder, (3) its careless use shifts the "Sharing" is a modern word is a revelation from God and very basis and aim of Chrisin the modernized vocabulary that Christians are witnesses, tian missions, and (4) the idea of missions. Though in itself a good word with an honorable ambassadors of Christ, to give of sharing our human thought history, it has begun to usurp God's message of Life to oth- and experience is not the centhe place of ideas and ideals ers of every race and nation. tral idea of evangelism.

that are vitally related to the 1. To share the Gospel is work of evangelism. Many not biblical terminology. In "ways of sharing with other faiths" are advo- relation to the Messiah of the Old Testament cated, differing in degrees of aggressiveness. * and the Gospel message of the New Testament • Daniel J. Fleming: "Ways of Sharing with Other Faiths," New the words used more than one hundred and York. 1929. forty times are: basha~ra, "to tell good tidings"; diagello, "to announce"; kataggello, "to tell thor- t H. A. Popley: "Sharing with Other Faiths as an Evangelistic oughly" ; evangelizo, "to spread good news" ; laleo, "to talk or preach" and (most frequently) kerus- Method," in Indian National Christian Council Review, Oct., 1932. so, "to herald or proclaim." The idea of "sharing" t We read "The fundamental motive, the imperative of sharing is foreign to the New Testament vocabulary in re- lation to the message of salvation. The Apostle whatever certainties we have in the field of religion remains," … Paul, did not merely bring his own experience to this tends "to lessen the apparent need and certainly the insistent urgency of haste of the work of the foreign preacher and philan- the Gentile world, but he proclaimed the atoning thropist" (Chap. I). death and life of another. "We preach not our- "As Christianity shares this faith with men of all faiths, they selves." How incongruous it would be to use the become changed into the same substanoo. The names which now separate them lose their divisive meaning and there need be no loss of the historic thread of devotion which unites each to its own origin and inspirations" (Chap. III).

"Ministry to the secular needs of men is evangelism, in the right use of the word" (Chap. IV).

"The aim of Christian missions today in our conception would take this form: To seek with people of other lands a true knowledge and love of God. expressing in life and word what we have learned through Jesus Christ, and endeavoring to give effect to His spirit in the life of the world" (Chap. XIV).

[ 77]

word "sharing" in place of "preaching" in pas- secure "shares" of the highest present market sages such as the following: value from each other? Is it to give freely that They repented at the sharing of Jonah. Gospel which we have freely received-the one It pleased God by the foolishness of sharing to save and only message of hope in all its fullness? Or them that believe. on the contrary, does it mean to find among non- Whom we share, warning every man. Christian religions and philosophies a lost chord How shall they share except they be sent? or an unknown mystical experience that will sat- It is not an earthly message or experience that isfy the longing heart of Christendom? Mr. Pop- Paul brings as the subject of his preaching. He ley tells us what this means in India today: proclaims the fact that the reconciliation of God In some places attempts have been made to use the and man in the death of Christ brought a new non-Christian festivals, just as the early Church took epoch and producetl a new creation. The indi- over pagan festivals and christianized them. Indian vidual soul is bankrupt, no less than the wisdom Christian scholars, like Chakkarai, Appaswamy and of the world, before the fact of Christ. Tilak have found themselves making an increasing use of Hindu terms to express their own Christian A recent book by the leaders of German evan- experience. The old aversion to the use of Hindu gelical missions, entitled "Botschafter an Christi terms for God and for other religious ideas is grad- Statt," contains a paper by Inspector Karl Har- ually passing away, and this change has been marked tenstein of Basel on the authority and aim of Christian missions. He bases the whole of his in South India by the substitution of the word Kadavul (meaning God) for Thevan in the new Tamil argument on the statement of Paul in 2 Cor. 5: translation of the Bible. A recent Marathi transla- 20. "Now, then, we are ambassadors for Christ, tion of the New Testament by an Indian Christian we beseech you, in Christ's stead." In these has come in for a good deal of criticism by some words, says he, Paul proclaims the duty, the basis, Christian scholars, because it was said to make too and the essence of evangelical missions. Missions much use of Hindu terms and expressions.

have only one ground and the missionary message And if men can not agree on the process of one great content, namely, "Be ye reconciled to sharing-whether it is to give what we have or God." The subject of missions is God Himself, to give and take by way of exchange-what of whose message comes through His ambassadors. the thing we share? Again we quote from Mr.

The object of missions is a lost world. The mis- Popley's article: sionary is the envoy of Christ. He comes not as The early Protestant missions thought of it [the Lord but as servant. He is absolutely and only Gospel] as a message centering around the Atonean instrument, a tool, a channel for the Message. ment as a substitutionary act of Christ, and as the This is true not only of the proclamation he gives only means of saving men and women from an eternal but of his own life and of all his activities. The hell of physical and spiritual torment, which awaited missionary is not first of all a leader, nor is he a them if they did not receive and heed the message. religious personality who can "share" what he Later Protestant mis,sions tended to think of it as a possesses with others. All he can be and do is message of a Christian civilization, which would ento be a humble witness of Christ, who is all and sure all the supposed blessings of Western civilization in all. to people accepting it, and also as a message of a perfect divine revelation granted once for all, which Contradictory Interpretations must displace or fulfill all other imperfect revelations 2. The use of the word sharing leads to loose which had been granted to men. The present generaand contradictory interpretations of its meaning. tion has not yet clearly thought out its idea of the It lacks definite content. Dr. Daniel J. Fleming, Christian message. (,Op. cit., p. 527.) in formulating "a code of ethics for those who In that case the present generation had better share," admits the many possible interpretations get busy, for the work of nineteen centuries has of the idea of sharing. Is it to be reciprocal been wasted! Some of those who talk of sharing sharing in the spirit of a common search, with are investing in stock from worldly markets, now all the perils of syncretism? This seems to be the that the old Gospel message is quoted below par. idea in one paragraph of the Laymen's Appraisal As a result they are in the midst of a spiritual depression. Report: Sharing is a common search for truth and becomes If we accept the truth of the revelation to Abraham real only as it becomes mutual, running in both direc- we can hardly deny the possibility of a revelation to tions, each teaching, each learning, each with the other Zarathustra, unless we take up the a priori attitude meeting the unsolved problems of both. that His revelation was limited to the Jewish people. The message of the Jerusalem Conference says on this Is it to pool our individual experiences of God matter: "We welcome every noble quality in nonand the work of His spirit at an ashram with Christian persons or systems as further proof that Hindus and in the mosque with Moslems and the Father, who sent His son into the world, has no-

ARE WE STOCKHOLDERS OR AMBASSADORS?

where left Himself without a witness." It is impos- Are the missionaries of the future to be mission- sible for many of us to think of the revelation of aries of Christ or missionaries of the Christian civili- the all-loving God and Father whom Jesus has shown zation of the West? This is the alternative which we to us as a revelation limited by our theological sys- face at present, although it is often disguised behind tems, and there is nothing in the teaching of Jesus forms of words which conceal its real nature and to suggest that God has so limited His own revela- essential importance. Do the missionaries of our tion. . . . Christian Churches go out to proclaim to the world We cannot expect that those who embrace the Chris- the unique and divine fact of the Incarnation or to tian faith will be prepared to scrap all their previous carry to the non-Christian world the benefits-educa- religious experiences, any more than the converted tional, medical, generally humanitarian-which have Jew could bring himself to give up the Psalms and grown up in our civilization under the stimulus and Prophets, or the converted Greek the philosophy of guidance of the Christian faith?

Plato.* The answer to these questions determines the whole character of the missionary enterprise and This brings us to another reason for greater of the type of missionary that is needed. The discrimination in the use of the word "sharing" over-emphasis in America on the social implicato express evangelism.

What Is the Basis of Mission Work? tions of the Gospel and the alleged lack of em- phasis on the Gospel itself has led our German 3. The careless use of the word "sharing" tends brethren, since the Jerusalem Meeting, to speak to shift the basis of missions and to obscure the issue. Because there are so many "ways of shar- of "the peril of Americanism" in the mission field. ing with other faiths" and because those who pro- Inspector Hartenstein concludes the able paper, fess to share disagree as to' what and how they from which we have quoted, by saying: share with others, it is well to go back to the real issues. All things are of God. He recon- Over against the eclipse of this message of faith by ciled us to Himself by Jesus Christ. He gave us American activismus, and over against the minimizthe ministry of reconciliation. This ministry com- ing (Jf the truth of revelation by syncretism, and over against the worldly atmosphere which threatens mis- sionary service through secularism, we must hold fast mitted unto us is called "the word of reconcilia- the heritage of the Reformation and of Pietism by a tion." Because we are the custodians, the trus- new emphasis on the Scriptures and the Scriptural tees, the ambassadors of this word for Christ, we basis of the enterprise. Missions are nothing else beseech the world that knows not this message, in than an ambassadorship in Christ's stead to a lost Christ's stead, to be reconciled to God. The heart world, and the (Jnly power of missions, as well as the of the enterprise is God's work of reconciliation only source of authority, is the Holy Spirit.

(John 3: 16). This is the good news. It consists How utterly different all this is from the ideas of historic facts. These facts were the sole mes- expressed in the earlier chapters of "Rethinking sage of the apostles. The acceptance of this Missions." Professor Hocking in this report, as message transforms life and produces a new in statements at the Jerusalem Meeting (Vol. creation. VIII, pp. 160-161), believes that while there may Missions have for their object the salvation have been a place in the past for the one-sided of souls in the mass of humanity and are not proclamation of final truth, yet the greater future called primarily to political, economic, social, and lies in a new form of intercourse between reli- racial activities. These activities are part of the gions. He would have the missionaries follow duty of the church, not of missions. The method "the Socratic method, not pledging people to ac- of missions is therefore the Word; the proclama- cept their truth but finding out together what tion of the Gospel and not the impartation of their combined resources are.t Or to put it in cultural values. The task of the missionary is to the words of Mr. Popley: preach repentance and faith. The proclamation In the past the theologian has tended to approach of the Cross of Christ and the grace of God can religious problems by the path of dogma, rather than alone deliver the enterprise from the peril of by the path of experience and experiment. Certain complete secularization. propositions were regarded as fundamental, and the It is by the message of the Cross and not by subject was approached deductively from these, rather social service that men are translated from dark- than inductively from the experience of men. The ness into light and from the power of Satan unto method of sharing means that instead of laying down God. When we carry a divine message of recon- irrefutable propositions which must be accepted willyciliation we are ambassadors. Dr. Duncan B. nilly, we study our own experiences and those of others Macdonald of Hartford, puts the present-day issue in order to find out the truth. . . . In such a group very clearly: the leader must be very careful to make no attempt to dominate, and must himself be a sharer, and not • Popley in the article quoted. t Fleming: "Ways of Sharing with Other Faiths" (pp. 52-53).

one who has come with the purpose t'o convert the The word of the Cross is the Gospel and there others to his own point of view. can be no other. Before that Cross all human wisdom and power and righteousness is bankrupt. This is quite in accord with Mr. Gandhi's mis- We have nothing to share; all is Christ's. Everysionary program for the Christian Church. There thing we have is His free gift. All superiority must be no proselytism. Humanitarian service is complexes of race or birth or position disappear. welcome, but the distinctive Christian message is The Cross pours contempt on all our pride. This is why the message of the Cross makes the best unnecessary. * It is refreshing, however, to note missionaries, and the chief of sinners becomes the best ambassador of the grace of God. Those to that Mr. Gandhi knows Hinduism and the New whom most is forgiven always love most. The Testament too well to speak of reciprocal shar- love of Christ constrains them; not only the mising: "At the present moment, India has nothing sionary message, but the missionary method and to share with the world, save her degradation, the missionary passion are found in Calvary. pauperism, and plagues. Is it her ancient Scrip- There would have been no Apostolic missions, no tures that we should send to the world? Well they medieval missions, no modern missions without are printed in many editions, and an incredulous the experience of redemption and the call to be and idolatrous world refuse to look at them be- ambassadors of the Croils. St. Paul and St. Patcause we, the heirs and custodians, do not like rick, William Carey, and Henry Martyn, David them. Before, therefore, I can think of sharing Livingstone and Hudson Taylor had essentially the same experience, the same message, and the with the world, I must possess." t same passion. The Gospel for them was a joyful This puts the issue very clearly. If Christ is message of redemption. This message did not all we need, if in Him dwells all the fullness of offer a philosophical theory, not a mere program the Godhead bodily, if He is the propitiation and for material betterment, but victory over sin and the reconciliation for the whole world, why not death. Such a message the human heart needs tell the world so and win the world to accept the and of such a message who would be ashamed? final and supreme message of redemption. Lest we mistake the circumference for the center we need to remember the limitations and implica- The Central Idea in Evangelism tions of the Great Commission. "We are sent," in the words of Hugh Thomson Kerr, "not to 4. Sharing is not the central thought in evan- preach sociology but salvation; not economics but gelism. The Gospel is God's good news, not human evangelism; not reform but redemption; not culgood will. Sharing relates to that which men can ture but conversion; not progress but pardon; give or take. The Gospel is not of this world. It not the new social order but the new birth; not came into the world as God's unspeakable gift revolution but regeneration; not renovation but through the Incarnation. Tennyson wrote to a revival; not resuscitation but resurrection; not friend from Mablethorpe: a new organization but a new creation; not de- mocracy but the Gospel; not civilization but I am housed at Mr. Wildman',s, an old friend of mine Christ. We are ambassadors not diplomats." in these parts. He and his wife are two perfectly honest Methodists. When I came, I asked her after If this be true perhaps some of our methods of news, and she replied: "Why, Mr. Tennyson, there's evangelism need overhauling and our message itonly one piece of news that I know, that Christ died self needs a clearer and less cumbersome expresfor a,ll men." And I said to her: "That is old news, sion. We have good news of forgiveness and and good news, and new news"; wherewith the good pardon, of peace and victory over sin. Christ is woman seemed satisfied. the only hope of the world.

And who would not be satisfied? There is no substitute for the Gospel and no other way to win hearts-it is God's only way.

• Cf. Young India, April, 1931. t Cf. Andrew: "Mahatma Gandhi's Ideas," pp. 264, 265.

Dear Lord, give to our mortal eyesight immortal VISIOn. Grant that we may hear new sounds, feel new sympathies, thrill with new love. Lead us into a more vivid con- sciousness that Thou art in Thy world; that Thy presence is round about us, as a healing breath. At this grave moment in the annals of mankind, when the foundations of orderly commonwealths and assured faith are so deeply disturbed, may our anchorage be in Thee!

…. Help us, dear Saviour, in the shadow of Thy cross to remember that we appear before Thee as individuals, separate and alone. Be Thou the Captain of our souls! Then if pov- erty comes we shall not be poor, and if sorrow comes we shall not be sad, and if death I comes we shall not be afraid. 0 Thou God of all nations, hear us we pray, for the sake I of Jesus Christ the world's Redeemer. Amen. -Evangeline Booth.

!.

Experience of the

* What can we learn from the Oxford Group, The First Century Christian FellowshiP?

By the REV. J. ROSS STEVENSON, D.D., LL.D., ] Princeton, N. J. JiJ- -.. ~ [ President of Princeton Theological Seminary SOME twenty years ago the Rev. Frank N. undergo since the days of the Apostles. One Buchman exhibited marked talent in organ- needs to recall the great evangelical revival of the izing groups of students under capable eighteenth century and the opposition there was leaders for personal soul-winning in American to startling innovations. John Wesley's natural colleges and universities. He was afterwards as- love of decency and order was at first shocked at sociated with John R. Mott and Sherwood Eddy experiments of preaching outside the walls of in evangelistic tours abroad. churches. In my Seminary The idea of holding house-par- days, when D. L. Moody was ties was suggested-an exten- In common with the early conducting a series of meetings sion of the old idea of class- Christians in the Roman Em- in Chicago, one of the vener- meetings or cottage prayer pire, there is a movement in able professors warned the stu- the Christian world today meetings-in which young men that is often Hspoken against" dents against listening to the and young women were given by some church leaders. No evangelistic appeal of an unorthe opportunity of discussing doubt it shows signs of hu- dained layman. The Student freely and more or less infor- man imperfection but never- Volunteer Movement for Formally, personal religion in all theless it manifests a spiritual eign Missions, which began at its bearings. Out of such con- vitality which any church Mount Hermon in 1886 and in ferences has developed a band may well covet. Those asso- its subsequent years was under of spiritual leaders some of ciated with the movement lav the leadership of Robert Wil- them permanently located in no claim to perfection bu't der, John Forman, John R.

strategic centers, others en- they seek to carry out the Mott, Robert E. Speer, and gaged in evangelistic itinera- ideals and teachings of first others, had as its critics such tion. The movement has spread century Christianity. There eminent men as John L. Nevius to G rea t Britain, Europe, are lessons that we may learn of China and Edward A. Law- South Africa and Canada, rence, a prominent Congregawhere it is called the Oxford from the experience of this tional minister who visited Movement. In America it is Group, while we seek to avoid foreign mission fields and pubknown as the First Century errors into which any may lished a book entitled: "Mod- fall. As a wise lawyer once said: HIf this work be of men Christian Fellowship. For the it will come to naught but if ern Missions in the East," in past two months, thirty or it be of God ye cannot over- which he condemned the Movemore of these leaders, enlisted throw it." ment as superficial and con- at home and abroad, have been ducted on a wrong basis. Even conducting special evangelistic at the present time, the mis- services in Montreal, Ottawa and Detroit in which sionary enterprise, regarded by the Church as there has been a large measure of cooperation by her most Christ-like and fruitful work, has drawn the evangelical churches. The Group is not an the criticism of a seriously-minded group of lay- organized body. It has no headquarters; no gov- men because of its aggressive evangelism which erning board; no official organ and claims to be is in line with the spirit and endeavors of the a movement within the churches seeking to asso- original propagators of the Christian faith. The ciate in spiritual service those who have had a human element must enter into every religious vital religious experience. endeavor to make the world better, and since The adverse criticism which this Fellowship humanity, like the Church, is subject to "both has evoked is in line with the criticism which all mixture and error," faults, failures and dangers spiritual or evangelical movements have had to can be readily discerned and should be honestly • Address at the Session on Evangelism of the Federal Council of considered. Can we learn something positive and ChUrches, IndianapOlis, Indiana, December 7, 1932. helpful from a movement which claims to follow [ 81 ]

the Christian standards of the First Century and its effect upon young people who come from Christo offer something of value in support of a more tian homes, Mr. Noyes did not hesitate to bring effective program of evangelism? It seems to me against pseUdo-intellectuals the complaint of stuthat ministers and church leaders may derive a dents: "They have taken away my Master and I great deal of profitable instruction and needed know not where they have laid Him." inspiration from this Christian Fellowship Group. In direct contrast with this educational trend Evidence of Reality and Power in religion to go only so far, emphasizing em- pirical knowledge and the humanistic ideals of r. First of all it emphasizes and demonstrates present-day society, which cannot save the world, and, in line with what the Barthian and kindred the reality and power of supernatural religion. movements are promoting in Germany, the Ox- In the world of our time there is a large amount ford Group seeks to bring the Church back to the beginnings of Christianity, to the beliefs of the of what may be called "natural religion," a reli- First Century propagators of the faith. Accordgion based in the main upon nature and her laws, ing to the accepted teaching of the New Testahuman experience as judged by psychology, and ment, these First Century Christians had an conclusions of pure reason apart from the possi- implicit belief in Christ as the absolute and final bility of any specific or supernatural revelation revelation; in a holy and merciful God to whom having been given. Our fathers discussed this sin is real and heinous; belief in the redemption type of religion in what they called "natural the- provided in Christ by His atoning sacrifice on the ology" as distinguished from "revealed theology," Cross and resurrection victory and in the power the theology based upon the revelation we have in of His Spirit to transform lives. These First the Scriptures and in Jesus Christ, as the perfect Century beliefs adopted by the Oxford Group are revelation of God and the only way in which we fortified by their confidence not merely that there can reach a satisfying experience of Him, and was in the First Century a divine power which concerning Whom the Scriptures bear infallible turned men from darkness into light, from the witness. power of Satan unto God, but that this same power promised for all time by the abiding pres- At a conference held a short time ago in New ence of the Holy Spirit is a real, living, unfailing York under the auspices of New York University, power today, as confirmed by their own experione of the absorbing topics was "Universities and ence. Changed lives are as they always have been, Spiritual Values." The whole import of the dis- the unanswerable apologetic of a vital, glowing cussion was to the effect that when the realm of Christian faith. As I read the reports of such spiritual values is ignored, education is neces- meetings as have been conducted by the Group in sarily incomplete, if not dangerous. It is to be Great Britain, on the Continent, in South Africa noted, however, that when educational circles re- and more recently in Canada, I gather that what fer to religion, worship or spiritual values, they makes them effective in the direction of producgenerally have in mind empirical humanistic tive evangelism, is the testimony of men and values such as can be taken into account in lab- women as to the supernatural power which reoratory investigation and which leave no place deems from sin and awakens the soul to newness specifically for the Christian religion. All this of life in Christ Jesus. may be very well so far as it goes, but it does not go far enough to give place for Christianity What Is Wrong with the Church? as we find it summed up in New Testament teaching and it is wholly lacking in redemptive pas- II. One of the great problems of the Church sion. It may be only the religion to which Paul today is an indifferent body of Christians who alludes in the first chapter of Romans which take no active interest in the work of Christ's magnifies the everlasting power and divinity of Kingdom and who in large numbers eventually God but does not serve as a bulwark against im- cease to be the professing disciples of our Lord. morality, does not build men up in holy character Last year in the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., or inspire to unselfish service. It is not surpris- 80,172 names were placed on the suspended roll. ing that when, in this conference of university What is the secret of this indifference and fallleaders held in New York City, Mr. Alfred Noyes ing away? read a paper on "Modern LiteratUre as influenced by present-day Education," he dwelt on the liter- The theory of the Group is that the life of an ary flare for sheer wickedness as the natural indifferent, inactive Christian has not been fully product of an educational system which simply surrendered to Christ. Nominal Christians, those takes into account man's reaching up to God and who are half-hearted in their religious devotion, gives no place to God's reaching down to man in are dwelling on the low level of secular values such a way that a lost soul may be redeemed. and they cannot be radiant, influential followers Speaking of our whole system of education and

MODERN EXPERIENCE OF THE SUPERNATURAL

of the Master until the whole life has been sur- nessing for Christ in a general sense, all will rendered, each thought even being "brought into concede. Whatever convictions we hold should be captivity to the obedience of Christ." A leading commended by a consistent life. As to the wit- metropolitan pastor who during his long ministry nessing which involves vital religious experiences had the joy of winning many to Christ, related and implies confession of sins, as well as grateful this incident. He declared from his pulpit that acknowledgment, some question its propriety and every professing Christian is either a channel or usefulness. The First Century Christian Fellow- a barrier. Either he is the means of bringing ship terms such witnessing "sharing," using the blessing to others or he is a positive spiritual word as applying only to testimony one may give hindrance. One of his trustees was seriously of- as to what the Lord has done for him. Strictly fended and went home in high dudgeon. After a speaking "no one can share his experiences with prolonged spiritual struggle lasting through that another." He can simply make them known to Sunday and far into the night, his disturbed con- others. Sharing, in the sense of giving to others science and the work of the Spirit compelled him personal knowledge of Christ and His saving to fall on his knees, plead for pardon and dedicate power, contemplates a threefold benefit: himself to a life of Christian helpfulness. Mon- 1. In the first place, it is beneficial to the one day morning at his place of business he called who thus bears witness or makes confession. The his employees together for conference and in- evils of repression are apt to be more tragic than quired if they were aware of the fact that he those of expression; when a young disciple tells was not only a member of the Church but held others what the Lord has done for his soul, his office as a trustee. They had not suspected this. own faith is strengthened. This is the principle He then expressed his sincere penitence for having upon which a great deal of slum work or rescue hidden his light under a bushel and asked their mission work has been conducted. Men who have cooperation in making that business concern a been snatched from the thralldom of sin, and truly Christian enterprise. It was for him a new saved by accepting Christ, are called upon to tes- conversion-a new "philosophy of life"-and at tify and to keep on doing so in order to encourage once his business associates saw that he was a others to find the same Saviour. Thereby they changed man. grow and experience an increasing power to resist This Group has learned by an extensive experi- temptation.

ence, what scores of pastors can confirm, that 2. Such testimony has regard for the uncon- when a Church member is not serving Christ as verted who as a rule are more influenced by the he should something is wrong in his relation to straight-forward testimony of one belonging to Christ. Many years ago I inquired of one of the their own class, subjected to the same tempta- most effective personal workers in the College tions, enduring the same trials, than they are by Y. M. C. A. Movement why so many students doctrinaires who speak as the scribes and without coming from Christian homes apparently lose testifying to actual experience. There is nothing their faith and become cold and inactive, if not new in the relation of such witness-bearing to hostile, to religion. He gave, as a result of hun- evangelism. It is as old as the apostolic age and dreds of interviews, two reasons: (1) The neglect the need for it is ever-recurring.

of the means of growth, such as prayer, Bible 3. Witness-bearing is a vital part of Christian study and active Christian service, and (2) some fellowship. In a sermon preached by Dr. James form of immorality, in a surprising number of Denny of Scotland a generation ago, and prior cases, impurity. This presents a situation in to the beginnings of the First Century Christian many of our churches which any form of aggres- Fellowship group, he commented upon the apos- sive and fruitful evangelism has to face and we tle's words: "If we walk in the light as he is in may well thank God and take courage when a the light, we have fellowship one with another."

group composed largely of young people who are He considered "walking in the light" as bringing often better acquainted with actual conditions out into the open anything that is wrong, either than their elders, fearlessly grapple with such a as regards our relationship to God or our rela- situation. tionship to fellow-men, and then referred to the The Results of Witnessing koinonia, the "fellowship," the brotherhood, which was so characteristic of First Century Christians.

III. Any real, satisfying Christian experience He did not hesitate to say that the lack of fellow- measured by First Century standards invariably ship in the primary Christian sense is today one entails the commission to bear witness to Christ of the greatest wants in the life of the Church, and His power to change lives. When confronted the one which is the most to be deplored and by human need, "we cannot but speak the things which, as much as anything else, makes the we have seen and heard." The importance of wit- Church helpless and exposes it to contempt. He

mentioned the pitiable substitutes which are re- upon Him-with the result that there is a unity sorted to by churches in the way of extending the of the Spirit and a clear-cut decision as to what social side of church life. This is the searching should be done. question he raises: "Why is it that the powerful and fundamental fellowship constituted simply by 2. Individual guidance, especially that which membership in the Church has fallen into the emerges in the "quiet times," so-called, preferably background ?" There is only one answer: It is at the beginning of the day. That such times have because we do not walk in the light as God is in their spiritual profit, cannot be questioned. The the light. It is because there is that in our lives Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Miswhich estranges us from God and from men, sions has been advocating for a generation or something which we wish to conceal and which more the observance of the Morning Watch. Comwe have not told unreservedly even to God. ing into the presence of God, and of the revelation He has given in Christ and the Word of His The appeal of the Group is for Christians to grace, waiting for Him to speak, the soul will be in such fellowship that they will have no re- assuredly receive some message, some enlightenserves-a fellowship which is based on sincere ment. It is in this way that Karl Barth apdealing with God, with one another and with proaches the Word of God for the spiritual their own souls. As Dr. Denny put it: message he is to proclaim. Every faithful min- ister of the Word will testify that often in a Walk in the light as God is in the light and your mysterious, unaccountable way he has been guided hearts will open to one another in Him. You will in the selection of his text or theme or has been discover on every side unsuspected friends. You will impelled by some strange moving to call at the get new inspirations for your Christian life, new im- home of a parishioner just at a crisis when his pulses and opportunities of sharing in the Christian shepherding is imperatively needed. The people life of others, and your relation to the Church, instead whom we should fear in Christian enterprises are of being something drab and wearisome, will bring not those who claim guidance in their endeavor the greatest joy, unfailing satisfaction. to know and to do the Will of God, but rather those who ignore divine guidance and who act on Prayer for Guidance their own impulses apart from the light of the Word, the claims of the Cross, the atmosphere of IV. Prayer has, since the days of Pentecost, prayer and of unselfish devotion. accompanied any great spiritual awakening and the Group claims to be a First Century Fellow- This Movement, as already intimated, has been ship because of the place it gives to prayer, with making great headway in certain parts of the special reference to divine guidance. That there world. Around it has gathered a considerable is such a reality as divine guidance, no one who literatUre. One book in particular, that by A. J. trusts God and believes in the efficacy of prayer Russell, "For Sinners Only," has had such a wide can doubt. But how is this guidance to be medi- circulation in the original English edition that a ated? For the Christian the guidance he needs special edition has been published in America. and desires results from the knowledge of the A later book by Geoffrey Allen of Lincoln Col- Scriptures-our infallible rule of faith and life- lege, Oxford, "He that Cometh," is highly comthe conscious fellowship with Christ as Saviour mended by Dr. John McConnachie, one of the and Lord, and the determination to belong wholly enthusiastic interpreters of Barthianism. In reto Him, doing only what pleases Him and what viewing Mr. Allen's book, Dr. McConnachie adds: best serves the interests of His Kingdom. To such "The Group is in line with the method of the an one there is not much danger of thrusting Spirit in all ages. The Church moves forward, as self-assertive aims and impulses into the realm of Principal Rainy once contended, by revivals, never a Christ-directed life. The Lord will guide him by evolution. The eschatological cycle of sin, ~ontinually according to His promise and in the crisis, judgment and new beginning is always interest of the evangelism that we are now dis- repeated." cussing, he will have confidence, courage and spiritual power in soul-winning. We are now in a crisis time not only in our political and economic life, but in our moral and In the First Century Christian Fellowship, spiritual life; this is generally conceded. The whose principles of guidance have been clearly particular values of the First Century Christian enunciated in a pamphlet, "The Guidance of God," Fellowship bearing upon the spiritual revival place is made for: which is the supreme need of our time, and which values I have endeavored to accentuate, have to 1. Group guidance, as when two; three or more do with supernatural religion, involving the fact gather together in Christ's name, consider a par- of sin and redemption through Christ, the Son of ticular problem, reveal a diversity of opinion, God and Lord and Saviour of mankind; with the have free discussion and then a period of meditation upon God's Word-of self-abandoned waiting

INDIAN ADVENTURES IN CHRISTIAN FELLOWSHIP

necessity of a life wholly-surrendered to Christ, Kingdom may come. When we think of the Kingif there is to be joyous and effective service; with dom of God Movement in Japan, the Five-year the necessity of a vital experience of the saving Evangelistic Movement in China, the One by One power of Christ such as naturally impels sharing Movement in Great Britain and now this First or witness-bearing; with the necessity of getting Century Christian Fellowship Movement showing how God's Spirit works, we should be challenged rid of anything which separates from God and anew to possess our inheritance, to learn anything man in order that there may be the New Testa- and to appropriate everything which will make ment fellowship of the Spirit and with the privi- us "friends of revivals of religion" and enable us lege of divine guidance in answer to prayer, which "to possess a portion of the spirit of the original will bring inspiration into the plans of every-day propagators of the faith, prepared to make every sacrifice, to endure every hardship and to render life. These values are the inheritance of evan- every service which the promotion of pure and gelical Christianity. But the Church is apt to lose sight of them. Hence God employs new undefiled religion may require." * methods to bring these values back again into the thought and life of those who pray that His • The language of the Design of Princeton Seminary.

Indian Adventures in Christian Fellowship By MASON OLCOTT, M.A., Vellore, India A Missionary of the Reformed Church in America THE "Axe Committee" was to meet in Vellore Christ, like a plant turning toward the sun to ab- to reduce expenditures. Since I had to pre- sorb its rays. Lasting friendships in Christ were pare estimates, my village tour had to be formed between Indians, Americans and Burmese. broken. One of the fortunate results was that I could attend the meetings of the Burma Gospel in The headmaster of an Indian school had come Vellore. It was a great experience to see the pub- to our meeting with an argument to match every lic of Vellore-Hindus, Moslems and Christians- one of ours, but we didn't argue; we merely told crowding the large Town Hall and eagerly drink- of our experiences. He couldn't match those with ing in the Gospel songs and testimonies of the any victorious experience of his own. Such ex- Christian men and women from Burma. With perience was something that he wanted. glowing faces these students and professors told briefly what Christ meant to them, and how great John Duraiswamy asked me to join the Madras was the freedom of the surrendered life. Gospel Team. Later John arrived with three stu- dents and a man from the Theological Seminary. These meetings, showing the winsomeness of We met in an "upper room" for prayer and fel- Christ's loyal followers, made me realize that we lowship and to seek the guidance of God. The could do far more than at present in lifting up following night we witnessed to Christ in the vil- Christ and letting Him draw all men to Himself. lage near our Training School, which had been The secret of the power of the Burma Gospel visited by our School Gospel Team during every Team was nothing superficial. They shared deeply Sunday night for a month. with each other of their victories and defeats. Our first main adventure together was in the At the invitation of the principal of our college, village of Kavanur thirty miles east of Vellore. not one John the Evangelist, but two came to Vel- There we lived for ten days in the mission school lore to help us start a Gospel Team of our own. on the edge of the outcaste quarter. Recruits came John Thet Gyi, of Burma, and John Duraiswamy, to swell our numbers, the evangelistic bands from of Tinnevelly, responded to our call. We will never Vellore and Arcot, and three students from Voorforget the meetings in VeIlore when we shared hees College. We found that personal feeling beour deepest religious struggles, nor the unbroken tween two members had stood in God's way. fellowship at the village of Sethuvalai, as we When this was removed Christ wrought a deeper prayed, testified, sang and ate together. We could friendship between them. almost see some of our number grow toward We rose at dawn and formed a procession every morning with harmonium, violins, drum, cymbals

and many voices, singing lyrics as we went man, who afterwards promised to seek Christ, and through the streets of the caste village. Where another with a caste teacher from a near-by vila crowd gathered we stopped and gave our ex- lage. People in some surrounding hamlets welperiences of Christ. By twos we visited caste comed us cordially and heard the Word of God men and brother outcastes and talked with them. with gladness. It would have been better if we had started this earlier and had informed the headman what we At Kavanur we spent part of a day at a harvest were attempting to do. festival where Christians from all the villages joy- fully gathered with their first fruits. After the At noon we met with the Christian young men meeting we prayed with a few young men and sevof the outcaste hamlet who had been drawn to- eral gave their lives to Christ. gether by the musical ability and Christian character of the teacher, Mr. Timothy. Some of these After Kavanur we camped with the Seminary youths had been baptized and most of the others Team in a village. The caste people asked what were eager to take their stand for Christ. We the necessity was for the Gospel Team to clean the had some moving times of prayer and conse- streets. Members of the Team answered that cration. Jesus had sent them to work; from which the vil- lagers coined two nicknames: "Jesus' workmen" We played games with the boys, cleaned the and "those Jesus sends." What an honor! streets, showed magic lantern slides of Christ's life and of rural reconstruction (to both caste and One member of the Team passed on to us the outcaste), visited people's homes, and told of the message that we are like tuned violins ready for amazing love of God. By these varied contacts the hand of the Master Musician. Another said we came to know the people and they came to that a fresh understanding had come to him of understand us. Two of the personal interviews Christ's word: "And I, if I be lifted up, will draw stand out: one with a violent brother of the head- all men unto me." Why do we not uplift Him more fully in our lives?

GENERAL CHIANG'S HOPE FOR CHINA The literal translation of an address by General Chiang Kai-shek, given at the Hunan Bible School and printed in the Hunan People's Daily.

General and Madame Chiang Kai-shek visited Hunan Bible School, Changsha, on the second of November. A banquet was given in their honor. Other guests were Governor Ho, General Liu, and other high city officials.

When General Chiang was asked to speak to the students in the chapel of the school he said in part: "Upon entering your institution my spirit was inspired. Many people are suspicious of the mission schools because they do not understand them. I think, in order to save our coun- try from its chaotic state, to restore it to a stabilized condition and to help the poor, we must secure the help of Christian institutions. They have a great contribution to make.

"There are many ways and means to save a country. I believe Jesus is the standard. Jesus saves people because of His universal love and sacrifice. He is utterly self-forgetting, disregarding His own safety and comfort in order to attain the goal of saving other people.

"If we are going to save China, we must have the Spirit of Jesus Christ and His sacri- ficial love. I sincerely hope that your people here will use the personality of Christ to in- fluence the youth of the whole nation so that the students of the whole nation will use the Spirit of Christ in saving the country and the people. This is your great responsibility, which I hope you will all bear, to help save the country and its people, and to bring bless- ings to them. This is my sincere hope for all of you."

"The Other Spanish Christ"*

Reviewed by the REV. CHARLES S. DETWEILER, New York Dep41'tment of Missions in Latin America, American Baptist Home Mission Society I N ONE of the galleries of Italy there is a group the present Spanish Government and author of a of statuary known as "The Prisoners," by deeply religious book called "The Prayers of an Michael Angelo. A number of figures are Unbeliever." seen, as it were, emerging from the stone. The The second witness, Don Miguel de Unamuno, work is half-finished. It calls for the touch of an Rector of the University of Salamanca, is en- artist's hand to complete it. It is a picture of dowed with a prophetic voice. In all of his works, personality in bondage. whether poetical or philosophical, there is a clear The other Spanish Christ is evangelical tone, that gives likewise an emerging figure in promise of a new day for the history of Spain and the What Christ do you know? Spain. These men and their Hispanic countries of America. What Christ would you know followers call themselves Eras- Dr. John A. Mackay, for some if you had learned of Him mian Christians, which means years a Scotch missionary in only through Spanish gold that they would like to revive Lima, Peru, has traced for us the type of Erasmus rather the spiritual history of a race seekers and corrupt or igno- than that of Luther. They ~re from the time of Columbus fo rant priests? Dr. John A. men of culture who would, if Mackay in his new book, gives a clear picture of the the present day, a history full view of the dead Christ it were possible, reform the of hope. The Spanish Christ passed on to the Indians and Catholic Church from within that was brought by the con- mixed races of Latin America and make it Spanish rather querors to the New World was by the early Spanish and than Roman; but if unable to a Christ that was born in Tan- Portuguese settlers. He also realize this aim, they are not giers, according to Unamuno, describes the Christ now be- afraid to break with Rome as having more of the Moorish ing revealed to the Spanish Republican Spain already has than of the Christian char- consciousness-and some of done.

the results.

acteristics. He is of the earth The author believes that earthy, is the center of a cult Spain missed the Reformation of death but not of life, and accordingly is com- in the days of Luther by a narrow margin. It monly represented as a corpse. The other Spanish was not because the Inquisition quenched the new Christ is the Christ of the New Testament, the fires of blood. It goes deeper than that.

Christ of the Spanish mystics and reformers, "A little more, and how much it is; driven out of Spain in the time of the Inquisition, And the little less, and what worlds away." but coming back in these later years. The reasons why the Reformation was not suc- The two great men, one of a previous genera- cessful in Spain are: tion and one still living, famous in the world of letters, are witnesses to this other Spanish Christ. In the first place, the Spani·sh reforming tendency The first one, Don Francisco Giner de los Rios, was for reform within the unity of Catholicism; in introduced a new spirit into Spanish education, the second place, the religious consciousness of the a teacher whose personal life was that of a saint, Spanish advocates of reform was not possessed of a a lonely man yearning for a spiritual home and great revolutionary idea such as Luther's Justification finding none. He passed off the stage in 1915, but by Faith or Calvin's Sovereignty of God; in the third he left behind him a group of disciples who are place, the doctrines of the Reformation did not take hold of the common people as they did in other Euro- the leaders of the New Spain. One of his pupils pean countries where the movement won.

is Luis de Zulueta, Minister of Foreign Affairs in The description of the Spanish mystics awak- • A Study in the Spiritual History of Spain and South America. ens in one a desire to know more fully, especially By John A. Mackay, D.Litt. 98. Student Christian Movement Press, John of the Cross and Luis of Granada. Teresa London; $2.00. The Macmillan Co., New York.

[87 ]

de J can is the best known, and perhaps the only the short time available." This gave him "the hope one of all these mystics known to the average of a better life." After that the Christian people, who Anglo-Saxon. A book of her meditations may were much elated by his conversion, made him sit on be secured in English in "Everyman's Library." a short stake and shot him through with arrows. A The other writers have little that would identify magnificent example of "theological charity," evanthem as members of the Church of Rome except gelization by force to save souls from hell! As a pretheir names. All of their writings were either caution against backsliding on the part of "Chrisexpurgated or condemned by the Inquisition. tians" whose perseverance was open to doubt, their There is an evangelical spirit breathing through souls were dispatched to take possession of their cethem. The author well calls them "lost foun- lestial home before the baptismal water had time to tains" that are breaking forth anew in this mod- dry on their bodies. ern day. The evangelization of South America by the Unfortunately, South America has produced sword de-christianized Roman Catholicism. The no authors comparable to the Spanish mystics rites of that Church were imposed upon Indians of the Sixteenth Century or to Unamuno of the who were unchanged in heart and life, and who Twentieth Century. Nevertheless Dr. Mackay were allowed to continue the celebration of the follows the gleam in the work of several writers festivals of their old religion after connecting in South America who were rebels against the these ceremonies with the names of Christian Spanish religious order. Not all of these were saints. The resultant religion the author comevangelical Christians. Some of them represent pares to that which obtained among the Samarithe philosophy of Positivism, which has flourished tan colonists who "feared the Lord and served in Brazil. Others represent Theosophy, which their own gods." Meanwhile the Spaniards not has great vogue among the people of culture and only entered upon a career of political rivalry social standing today. Others are followers of and hate among themselves, but also as rulers and the American Emerson or the Hindu Tagore. Dr. feudal lords of immense domains they gave an Mackay writes from personal acquaintance with example of loose morals that has corrupted the present-day authors in South America. His is currents of social life down to the present day. tile hopeful view that sees in these writers, even though some of them are far from the evangeli- Let it be remembered that those men were not true cal position, the hunger for something better than colonists. They did not leave their motherlands to the superstitious form of Christianity which pre- work, but to make others work for their profit. They vails in South America. came, moreover, unaccompanied by their wives; a~d from the time of their arrival in America they dId How the whole South American continent was everything in their power to keep their legitimate doomed to four centuries of spiritual stagnation partners from following them. The colonial Ulysses is succinctly told. The Spaniards of the times of never thought of Ithaca nor of Penelope who pined Columbus believed themselves to be men of des- for him in distant Spain or Portugal. Instead he tiny. God had given them the task of establish- formed alliances with Indian women in the Syren's ing the Christian religion in the whole world. Isle of America. The children of these unions were "The sword and the cross entered into partner- brought up by their untutored mothers. Home life ship." Not the Pope, but the Spanish king be- was lacking. The absence of the sacred and uplifting came supreme in America. He demanded and re- influence of religious homes, where children could ceived from Rome the title, Patriarch of the grow up under the care of parents who were true com- Indies. This meant that the Pope gave to him panions to each other and genuine examples to their absolute spiritual power over the inhabitants of offspring, formed one of the gravest problems of cothe New World. It ultimately meant that the lonial life in Ibero-America. The lack of such homes ministers of religion blessed the cruelty and lust was another cause of the failure of the Crown and for gold of the conquistadores, Cortes, Pizarro, the Church to produce a truly Christian society in cotheir companions and successors. As one of sev- lonial day-so Here also lie the roots of what South eral instances we cite the following from the con- American writers of today describe as the fundaquest of Chile, as described by a Spanish poet: mental irreligiosity of life on the southern continent.

The great Auracanian chief, Caupolican, had fallen The Spanish theocracy in Latin America came into the hands of the Spaniards and was condemned to an end in the first quarter of the Nineteenth to death. Before the sentence was carried out he ex- Century. Not until we had read this book did pressed his desire to be baptized and become a Chris- we understand that the passing of the King meant tian. "This," said the poet, who himself took part in the coming of the Pope. A new era was inauguthe conquest of Chile, "caused pity and great content- rated in the history of Roman Catholicism on the ment among the Castilians who stood around." Cau- southern continent. Foreign religious orders polican was therel.lpon baptized "with great solemnity now poured into America and proved to be an imand instructed in the true faith as well as possible in portant factor in preventing the rise of national churches and in holding the infant republic loyal to the inherited religion. Among the founders

1933J MISSIONARY EXECUTIVES AT BRIARCLIFF

of these new nations were men who were ready critique of Protestant missions, and shows the to break with Rome as well as with Spain, and place that each type of works fills-from the some of them established an era of toleration of Y. M. C. A., with its ministry of physical culture, other religions. It was during this period of to the Pentecostal Movement in Chile with its intransition that J ames Thomson, that pioneer candescent religious passion. He believes that a Protestant missionary, traversed the continent new spring-time breathes across the continent, from south to north and, being well received, when it is urgent to sow the seed of Christ's mesestablished the first public schools (Lancastrian sage. He challenges everyone and everything schools they were called), and founded local Bible that he meets in Christ's name; he would have all societies. It was urgent, then, that the Pope send contribute something to His redemptive purpose. to America his monastic orders who would be loyal to his central authority and would be free The book is especially commended to every misfrom national attachments. sionary and to every candidate for service in Latin America. They will find here a review and Enough has been quoted to show that "The an appraisal of such Spanish literature as will Other Spanish Christ" contains a philosophy of bring grist to their mill. They also have an inhistory and a tracing of the spiritual currents troduction to the Spanish mind, an analysis of now running in South America, including the the Spanish soul, and an understanding of the modern evangelical movement. The author is people to whom they minister, which they can eminently fair and judicially minded in his find in no other volume.

Missionary Executives at Briarcliff l B~Ythe REV. ARTHUR JUDSON BROWN, D.D.,_…at . New York Secretary Emeritus of The Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. .. – FOR forty years the foreign mission boards could have had the educational value of such a of United States and Canada have met in conference. annual conference to study common problems. Recent years have seen a marked development. The program this year included many familiar subjects but there were fewer set addresses, and The first annual meetings were characterized by more time was afforded for discussion.

hesitancy and even timidity. The boards had not Many members of the Conference felt that the omission of such topics as the recent reports of then been accustomed to working cooperatively, Commissions sent to India, China and Japan was like attempting to play Hamlet with Hamlet left and some delegates feared that a super-agency out. Canon Gould, of the Missionary Society of the Church of England in Canada, and several might be established that would assume undue other delegates, insisted that the Conference should squarely face the Report of the Appraisal power. That apprehension has disappeared. The Commission of the Laymen's Foreign Missions Inquiry. The Conference voted that the Report value of the Conference is clearly recognized and should be made the order of the day for a subse- quent session, and at that session the Committee it has the hearty support of foreign mission on Arrangements presented the following resolu- tion, which was adopted though it was considered agencies in Notth America. , an inadequate expression of the views of the dele- gates: Former conferences became so large that the The Conference recognizes gratefully the earnest annual meetings were like small conventions. and unselfish services of the Appraisal Commission of the Laymen's. Foreign Missions Inquiry and their con- Last year there were 260 delegates, representing structive proposals. We are at .the same time solicitous with reference to unfavorable reactions throughout 83 boards and other agencies with many fur- the Church to the press releases given out in advance loughed missionaries and other friends who brought the attendance to about 400, and included not only officers but members of the boards. This year, the Conference felt that questions to be considered could be most effectively dealt with if the attendance were restricted to 150 delegates, "largely confined to administrative officers of the boards." Many felt, however, that the members of boards need the conference quite as much as secretaries, and they wished that their members

THR MISSIONARY RRVIF.W OF TIlE

of the appearance of the Report, and also to a number who now bear the burden and heat of the day in the of points in the Report itself. missionary enterprise. We trust the missionaries to be sent out in the coming years will master the new We recommend that in the measures adopted by the conditions that may arise and that they may render boards for fostering the study of the Report, special in their day a service as valiant and understanding attention be given to clearing up misunderstandings as has been rendered by those who have gone before and to removing wrong impressions, and that we seek them or who will welcome them to their fields of labor. to take to heart and profit by the timely and forwardlooking recommendations of the Report. A motion that a committee be appointed to seek a conference with the Appraisal Commission was The Conference, in the light of the present most referred to the Business Committee, which later critical world situation and of the inspiring challenge reported that it was "inexpedient" and "that of the Herrnhut Meeting, as well as of the recognition members of the Appraisal Committee may be on the part of the Appraisal Commission of the need available for conference with individual boards of adequate aims and message for the missionary or groups of boards which desire such conferenterprise, wish to reaffirm the Message of the Jeru- ence." This recommendation was adopted. Nothsalem Meeting of the International Missionary Coun- ing that individual members of the Commission cil and the findings of the meetings of the Council at would say could affect their Report which has Oxford and Herrnhut dealing with the basis and cen- been published beyond recall. tral emphasis of the world mis,sion in which we are united with the older and younger churches throughout the world.

It was agreed that in sending out this action What the Ohurch Needs to Know there should be added selected passages from the Several sessions of the Conference were of unmessage of the Jerusalem and Herrnhut meetings usual interest and value. One of the best, conon the Aim and the Message of Christian Mis- ducted by Secretary William P. Schell, was on sions, so as to make clear the position of the Con- the Home Base. In an effective address on "What ference. is the Church thinking about Foreign Missions and what does it need to know?" he stressed the Few appeared satisfied with the resolution following points: passed and we believe that a large majority would have voted for direct disapproval of some fea- 1. The Church needs to know that the missionary tures of the Report of the Appraisal Commission. enterprise is a Divine, spiritual, superhuman enter- Since some of the official delegates had publicly prise, originating in the heart and mind of God and committed themselves in favor of the Report, they expressed to the world through Jesus Christ.

presumably would have opposed a resolution of 2. The Church needs to know that there is no sub- disapproval. The Conference is not a legislative stitute for the missionary passion.

body and has no authority to commit its con- 3. The Church need,s to know that "the trail of self- seeking" does not "lie like the trail of a serpent" stituent boards. It is primarily a fellowship and across the mission fields of the world; that there is has always been chary about dealing with con- less self-seeking on the mission field than anywhere troversial questions on which its constituent else in the world, and that missionaries are the salt boards are divided. The preservation of harmony of the earth. is deemed more important than any divided vote and it is thought wise to restrict actions to those 4. The Church needs to know that we will continue to seek the best candidates for the missionary service, that can be unanimously adopted. The general but neither the boards nor the Church must be de- feeling of the Conference was that adequate dis- ceived into thinking that as soon as some methods of cussion of the Report should be left to each board missionary work are changed, all of the best students and its secretaries who could deal with it with in universities and colleges, or, even any large number of them, will immediately flock to the mission fields more freedom. to give their lives to Christian service. The mission- A phase of the Report on which the Confer- ary enterprise is not as easy as all that.

ence felt that it could speak emphatically related 5. The Church needs to be flooded with facts. We to missionary personnel and the following reso- must take a leaf out of the Laymen's Foreign Missions lution was unanimously adopted: Inquiry note-book and flood the Church with facts re- The F'Oreign Missions Conference of North America garding the constructive, positive, progressive develop- rejoices in its connection with the notable group of ments already in evidence on the mission field.

Christian missionaries in all lands, who by life and 6. The Church needs to know that the boards have teaching are bringing Christ and His saving power to nothing to hide; that they have always welcomed in- the knowledge of men who have not known Him. The vestigations and that they can and will make changes members of the Conference realize that the raising of in the interest of the Kingdom of God.

standards of preparation and equipment, together with 7. The Church needs to know that the boards and the maintaining of a growing spiritual life, meets the the missionaries are not on the defensive; that we joyous welcome of the present missionary force. We do not propose to allow anyone to put us on the de- set our faces toward the future, with all its calls to fensive; that we are not defeatists; that we are advance and new ministries, in glad loyalty to those ready to take the offensive; and that we believe in

MISSIONARY EXECUTIVES AT BRIARCLIFF

the Lord Jesus Christ and in His victory over the third or a half year to aid in this cooperative world. campaign. It was also voted: Another remarkably interesting, helpful and That as a result of the discussion on cooperation, encouraging session was devoted to self-support arrangements should be made for a general conferamong churches on the mission fields. It was ence of representatives of those boards which are preunder the leadership of Secretary Ralph E. Dif- pared to give serious consideration to definite and fendorfer who had sent out an advance question- practicable proposals for cooperative action, all the naire on what is being done. boards represented in the Conference to be invited, and that a small committee to set up such a confer- The Financial Situation ence should be arranged for at the time of the For- eign Missions' Conference. Disturbing facts were presented regarding the financial situation of the boards. The replies from Women's Boards and the Conference forty-three boards to a questionnaire showed the serious decrease in income from living donors; A joint committee had been appointed, reprethis decrease in the four largest boards being senting the Conference and the Federation of . 32% for the decade 1922-1932, and averaging Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions, to report 27.23 % for 31 reporting boards. All have re- regarding the integration of these two bodies duced the salaries of their executive officers and which have the same interests and deal with eshave effected other retrenchments. Several have sentially the same problems. The committee reclosed their work in certain fields, dropped a large ported that the relationship of the Federation and number of missionaries, have reduced missionary the Foreign Missions Conference should not meresalaries, and have cut appropriations for work ly involve closer cooperation or affiliation, but on the field. These reductions have not been whol- complete integration. The Committee recomly without benefit, since they have placed more mended that a joint committee composed of three responsibility on the churches on the field and members of each organization be appointed to have made it possible to bring about some desir- work out details along the following outline: able readjustments, to lessen or withdraw altogether support from churches and stations which a. One unified organization with a sufficient numfor more than a generation have showed little or ber of secretaries, men and women, to care for its no advance, and to close institutions which are work; the allocation of work and membership of not fulfilling missionary purposes or are unneces- committees to be on the basis of capability and fitness, sarily duplicating other institutions. without discrimination between men and women.

Dr. Robert E. Speer called attention to the b. The annual meeting, planned as a unit. Special significant fact that the serious decrease in con- or additional time to be alloted when desirable for the tributions does not mean that the churches are consideration of organized women's work. losing faith in their foreign missionary boards and work, since the decline in the receipts for c. One budget, raised chiefly from boards in one home missions, local churches, hospitals, colleges, allotment per board, and spent as allotted to the work universities, and other philanthropic and educa- of the organization. It is hoped that all the funds tional institutions in the United States is greater now paid by boards, agencies or individuals into the than for foreign missions. He concluded, there- budgets of either organization will be made available, fore, that the causes of the decline are not pecul- at least for the first years of the united budget. iar to foreign missions, and that if they indicate that anything is wrong with foreign missions they d. Adequate membership, on the Committee of Refalso indicate that something is even more seri- erence and Counsel, of women who are representative ously wrong with all home enterprises. of the organized women's work of the member boards.

To meet conditions that now prevail, and to e. Provision for carrying on essential interests now promote effectively foreign mission interest, the represented in the committees of both organizations. Conference made plans for a cooperative campaign by a series of interdenominational regional f. Provision for cooperation with other organizaconferences in various parts of the country. It tions concerned in the promotion of the World Day of was recognized that this would involve a larger Prayer and other items of joint interest in connection staff than the Conference now possesses. It was with women's work. deemed inadvisable, however, to make any addition to the permanent salaried staff of the Con- These recommendations were adopted. ference, and instead, the Committee of Reference The Chairman of the next Conference will be and Counsel was authorized to request some of Dr. Wm. 1. Chamberlain, secretary of the Rethe boards to liberate selected secretaries for a formed Church in America Board of Foreign Missions. The report of the Conference will be published later. We may say in conclusion that the meeting at Briarcliff was one of the best that has been held. It was characterized by a spirit of fellowship and the devotional services were deeply spiritual. The delegates separated with warmer hearts, fresh courage and stronger faith.

a Bomb Transformed

-'·~L;;;;;==;;;;M;;;;iS;;;;s;;;;iBo;;y;;n;;;E;ar;M;;;y;M;;;o;;A;;f;;;;Ht;;;;Oh;;;R;e;;;N;C_hI;;;N;u;;G;;rc;,;;;h=Pof=ithn;;;g;e;t;;i;Bn;;;g;r;,;;;e;S;;;hth;a;;;nr;;s;;ien;;;;,;;;;1;;;;9_08==I=;;;;!J~·'- "GOOD morning, Chang! Are you home "I received a terrible shock and I knew then again? I thought you had joined the that it was not the general in the tent that had army. When did you get 'back?" Mr. called me, but my Heavenly Father had called me and saved me from being blown into a thousand Chao had just arrived from a distant province pieces. I knew that God was watching over me where he had been in business and had not yet although I was such a poor weak child of His. heard the news of the village. In a flash His great goodness and my unworthi- ness overwhelmed me and I fell on my knees out "0 yes, I have been back a year. I don't think under the open starry sky at midnight and poured much of the army. It's no place for a Christian." out my gratitude to Him. I then and there con- secrated myself fully to His service." "Are you a Christian?" asked Mr. Chao in surprise. "When did you take such a notion? Chris- "That was a narrow escape," said his friend. tianity is a foreign religion and we should have "What did you do after that?" nothing to do with it." "I did a good deal of thinking and praying, "I joined the church over three years ago," and the more I thought the more I was convinced said Chang, "and when we become Christians we that the army is no place for a Christian. What are supposed to cut out all bad habits. You know does the soldier do but eat up the grain of the I was always the black sheep of the family and hard working farmer and run up the price of all had plenty to cut out. My relatives did not ob- food? He gets most of the taxes for his wages and helps the numerous generals to get rich and ject to my being a Christian for they were only continue the unsettled condition of China. There is nothing constructive in this military business. too glad to have me reform. One day I decided It is all destruction-destruction of life and to enter the army for I never did like work and morals; destruction of agriculture and business; despised farming particularly. A soldier usually destruction of churches and schools; destruction gets pretty good pay and plenty to eat. If there of art and science. is hard work like digging trenches we get the farmers to do that. We seldom get into fighting so there is little real danger. Then it is easy to turn bandit and plunder wealthy homes and take away their treasures. You can even capture for- "I asked for leave of absence and came home, eigners and hold them for heavy ransom." determined to do a bit of constructive work. I went to work on our farm in earpest-something "If being a soldier is such fine business," Chao that I had never done before. We had a fine crop exclaimed, "why didn't you stay in the army?" -enough for our family and some to sell to help out during this dreadful famine. My family and "Wait till I finish. Didn't I tell you that the neighbors were greatly surprised at my changed army is no place for a Christian? Things went attitude and conduct, and they listened to all I well for a few months, but finally we got into had to say about Jesus, God's delegate from the some fighting and a number of my comrades were courts of heaven. The Bible was a new book to killed and some wounded. That made me think a me, and prayer was a vital force in my life. My bit when I lay down to sleep. wife and neighbors became interested in Chris- tianity, and when the missionary came to our "One night we heard the boom of distant guns village a number of them joined the Bible class. and the occasional crash of a shell. By midnight This spring my wife and three of the neighbors everything seemed quiet and we were all sleeping went to the city and were baptized, so that we are soundly when suddenly I heard a call, 'Chang Chiu starting a Christian community at this place. Tang! Chang Chiu Tang!' I was sleeping not Christianity stands for industry, morality, edufar from the general's tent and supposed he had cation, spiritual development and reconstruction called me; so arose quickly and went to him and along every line for the individual and for the asked what he wanted. To my surprise he said village as well as for the whole nation. This quiet he had not called me, so I went back to bed again village life, working for God is a taste of heaven. and was scarcely asleep when I heard the call I would rather work for the Lord here than for the second time. I again got up and went towards the best general in the largest army in China." the general's tent, but had not gone far till a bomb fell in the very place where I had been sleeping and tore a hole a foot deep in the earth.

[ 92 ]

Difficulties in

" M" i" n" ne" S" o" ta=; ; ; ,IT~o,_ -.o+_aLt.=lB""y=th""e""R=E""V""A."m"Ae""r."i"cMa=n.""ML"u"AtNh="e"Nr"a"En""S"C"'""oJ"n"af"e"Crke""Sn""cOe""n,,,,'

CHINA with her teeming millions, compris- ing to put into effect the newly-acquired theories. ing over one-fifth of the world's population, This is especially true of that group which has is no longer the staid, conservative nation come into contact with Russian Communism. known to history for centuries. The self-suffi- First on the list of the objectives of the Nation- ciency which has been her dominating spirit for alists is the attainment of nationalism for China.

thousands of years has had a rude awakening; She is aware of the fact that the nations holding upheavals, which in other nations and continents concessions acquired by force will not relinquish have been spread over decades and even centuries, them on a mere request. Dr. Sun Yat Sen invited have in China been massed to- Russian aid in 1924 for the gether within a quarter of a training of military officers, century and have shaken the China is today one of the and opened the Nationalist nation from center to circum- most perplexing and difficult party to communists and their ference. mission fields in the world. propaganda. When this influ- China is still in a state of What are the chief problems ence permeated a large portion flux and there is every reason and how can they be met? of the social order, and united to suppose that unsettled con- Shall we retreat or seek to with the New Thought Move- ditions will obtain for many conform to the demands of ment that has captured the years to come. The nominal the opponents of Christ? minds of the thinking young peace and safety which mis- Shall we be satisfied with giv- men of China; it was inevitable sionaries enjoyed for many ing to the Chinese only tem- that a critical attitude towards years after the Boxer rebellion, poral and material aid? Mr. life would develop and that suddenly came to an end when Mannes ably answers these they would adopt radical meas- the Chinese clamored for the important questions. ures to attain their ends.

realization of her national The old slogan, "China for rights. The aim of a unified the Chinese" has become a real China has been the objective of the leaders since war-cry, and the leaders have resorted to military the revolution of 1911. efforts to carry out the aims and hopes of the "China has started on a journey to her promised nation. Knowing that the Christian Church in land," said Dr. T. Z. Koo in 1930. "She has not China was the result of missionary work conduct- gone very far; in fact she has taken but two ed from a foreign base, and under extraterritorial steps: she has decided to go and she has moved rights granted foreign nations under protest, the outside her city gates." mission work became one of the objects of attack.

For decades the imperialistic nations of Europe Especially was this the fact where the communists coveted concessions in China and exacted them were in the ascendancy. Accordingly, missions by military force, while China was lying helpless, have suffered untold hardships in the territories unable to defend her natural rights. During the where the powers-that-be have been indifferent or last twenty-five years there has been a new day hostile to Christian missions. One of the sad dawning for the Chinese. Hundreds of the most events in the modern history of Protestant mis- intelligent youth of the land have attended Amer- sions in China was the forced exodus of the mis- ican and European universities and some have sionary force in 1927, the arrest, the torture and studied in Japan. As a result the modern spirit martyrdom of many of the native workers, and has become part and parcel of their new world the wholesale destruction of mission property.

viewpoint. They have not been slow to imbibe the Some said that the time was not auspicious for teachings of radicalism, as these are being pro- further work in that field, but many of the faithful mulgated in many of the leading institutions of missionaries were not so ready to lose heart and the world. In their efforts to make intellectual as soon as opportunity offered they returned to and political, as well as social readjustments, they their stations.

are striving for national leadership and are seek- At present most of the missions are readjusting [93 ]

themselves, but are not yet able to carryon the It is deplorable that, in seeking to bring the work on the scale that obtained previous to 1927. life-giving message to the Chinese people, we are The political condition is insecure, no group hav- also met with opposing intellectual weapons ing power to guarantee security. The mission forged in Europe and America, and that our work property that is used today may be confiscated is obstructed by policies that originate in the tomorrow. There is still considerable insecurity minds of men in our Christian countries, men as bandit groups are infesting the land, and almost who oppose the Gospel. We are no longer face without notice, missionaries may be captured and to face with a China that gets its first ray of in- suffer ill treatment ,at the hands of the captors. tellectual and spiritual light from the missiona- Many missionaries have had such experiences, ries. Neither do we find that the opposition to and large ransoms are demanded for their release the Gospel comes mainly from the ignorant and under threat of torture or death. the worshipers of man-made gods. The main op- Ever since Christian churches began work in position to the Christian message comes from the China, there has been an effort to train the rising intelligentsia who are well versed in the argugeneration. Primary and higher schools have ments that pagan America and Europe are hurlbeen established with the consent of the reigning ing against the Christian message. Moreover, power, and were left unmolested up to 1924. It they are attributing to the Christian religion the was considered that these schools rendered a val- selfish, corrupt, arrogant, criminal, imperialistic, uable service and supplemented what the govern- practices of western nations in their dealings with ment was able to provide. But when the nation the peoples of the Occident. To the noble minds became more nationalized in its educational policy, who are willing to see truth, proper enlightenment the National Association for the Advancement of can be given; to the perverted who are wrapped Education began to exert considerable influence up in the atheistic spirit of communism, the Chriswith the central Board of Education. Their ef- tian has apparently no avenue of approach.

fort was to limit the influence of Christian schools Apostolic Days and Now and colleges, and their attitude became one of hos- tility to mission schools. Truly there are difficulties in the way of bring- A factor which contributed largely to this ing the Gospel to the people of China, but there change of attitude on the part of the Chinese Gov- have been worse times in that country as well as ernment was the publication of a report by the in other lands, both in the near past as well as China Educational Commission, of which the late in the early times of the Church.

President Burton of Chicago University was The conditions confronting the apostles and chairman. After a survey during the years 1921 their successors were more hopeless still. They and 1922, the Commission recommended that the had no supporting sending church. Their own Christian schools in China "should be made thor- countrymen were their worst and most fiendish oughly Chinese, conforming to government regu- persecutors. When it dawned on the Roman em- lations and planned with a view to their ultimate perors that Christianity was not a Jewish sect control and management by Chinese." Immedi- but a new religion that threatened the very exist- ately a fear sprang up among the anti-Christian ence of the pagan worship and the abandonment forces "that education was too much in the hands of their costly temples with the shrines for the of foreigners and would lead to a denationaliza- various goddesses and gods, Christian lives were tion of China's future citizens." This resulted in not counted for much. At no court could they the threefold regulation of 1924: All Christian expect justice. No nation would intervene for schools and colleges must be registered; they them. The edicts of the emperors were final.

must be under Chinese control; attendance at re- The subtleties and the defiant reasonings of pagan ligious teaching and worship must be voluntary. philosophers were more than a match for the ordi- Later, in 1929, the Department of Education for- nary messengers of the Cross, if there was noth- bade all religious teaching and worship in the ing else to reinforce their efforts. Yet in spite elementary and junior middle schools. of all the obstacles known to Christ and the dis- The conditions of registration with the govern- ciples, the command went forth that they should ment are so rigid that, in faithfulness to the man- go into all the world and make disciples of all date of the Lord to teach all nations to observe the nations. The disciples went, not murmuring what He has commanded, many missions feel that as though they were sent to the slaughter, but they cannot comply with the conditions for regis- rejoicing because they were counted worthy to be tration. We are thus greatly hampered in our ambassadors of Christ. There were times of de- plan to train native leaders for the Church, and pression and seasons of apparent defeat, yet they are cut off from one of the greatest means of ap- persevered and planted the torch of the Gospel proach to the non-Christian families. light in Asia and Europe throughout the Roman

1!)33] OVERCOMING DIFFICULTIES TN CHINA 1)5

Empire and peaceably wrested the implements of enduement with Power from on high. We cannot torture from the hands of the emperors and se- take for granted that we already are in posses- cured the right to live in security and to preach sion of the promised gift. If we have ceased to the Good News. reckon with flesh and blood and are ready to make In a time like the present, when men are wor- the supreme sacrifice both as a sending Church, ried about the economic outlook, fearing lest the and as outgoing missionaries, then we give evicountry and the world might suffer a financial dence that the love of God constrains us; the collapse, and when the engines of war are in Holy Spirit is at work. If He is permitted to danger of being let loose again in the Orient, we call and empower the messengers, then He can reare in danger of facing the problem in a state of move mountains of obstacles; what seemed insurmental and spiritual depression. If the spirit of mountable barriers will then become steppingdefeatism gains possession of the missionary force stones to success.

as well as of the sending Church, our efforts will Have We Understood? end in disaster. We must face the fact anew that the devil has not gone out of business; the work When we note the seeming insignificant results of foreign missions has much of the nature of a and stand aghast at the sight of the ruthless de- continuous warfare with the accompaniment of struction perpetrated by enemy forces, we won- loss of life and destruction of property. A na- der whether we have misunderstood the Master.

tion that goes to war does not sue for peace at the Were our success to depend on the transformation first little reverse or the second. Any nation ex- of nations, large or small, we would have reason pects that there will be considerable losses, for in to despair, because the achievement of one decade many cases the lines are evenly drawn. The ene- may be laid in ruins in another. We need to read mies of Christ will not declare a truce. "We carefully the command of the Master: "Go and wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against make disciples." He did not state the number.

principalities, against powers, against the rulers In the Apostolic Church "the Lord added to the of the darkness of this world, against spiritual Church daily such as were being saved," and Mark wickedness in high places." We need therefore closes his Gospel with these significant words: to "put on the whole armour of God, that we may "And they went forth, and preached everywhere, be able to stand against the wiles of the devil." the Lord working with them, and confirming the For such a task as we face in China, the Church word with signs following."

must not take counsel with reason alone. God In the light of these plain words, it is evident has given us common sense, enabling us to act that we have not labored in vain. J ames, the wisely in the various emergencies that may arise, leader of the Church in Jerusalem, giving his verbut the task of firmly planting the Church of dict in the controversy about the admission of the Jesus Christ among the Chinese will never be Gentiles, into the Church, stated that "Simeon accomplished by human agencies alone. "Not by (Peter) hath declared how God at the first did might, nor by power, but by my spirit, saith the visit the Gentiles, to take out of them a people for Lord of Hosts." His name." The program for the Church, there- The task before the early Church was so vast fore, is clearly to adhere to the plan of work that it would have thrown a twentieth century mapped out for us by our Lord and acted out for Christian assembly into a panic. Yet our Lord us by the apostles. This will direct us to the meant every word of the Commission, and the men source of spiritual power, and gives us a scriptural to whom the command was given understood fully plan of work.

the magnitude of the undertaking, but they knew Today, in our mission work in China, we may that the Lord who had commissioned them knew have to lie low in our educational policy, and use what He was about. What seemed to their natu- our time, forces and means in the spheres where ral reason an impossible task, assumed a different the message gains an entrance. The door is still aspect when they pondered the significance of the open for evangelism. While the anti-Christian promise added to the missionary command: "Lo, forces have made a great noise and have given I am with you alway, even unto the consummation the impression to the world that all China is de- of the age." termined to rid the land of the Christian religion, In the present emergency, we are prone to lay it is definitely asserted by Chinese, as well as too much stress on the material side of the under- missionary leaders, that the time is very auspi- taking and do not give due emphasis to the divine cious for direct evangelistic work. "The great aspect of the work. When our Lord said that bulk of the Chinese, especially the officials, the without Him we could do nothing, He no doubt gentry, the farmers and the business men, are had in mind such tasks as the one that confronts favorably inclined towards Christianity," says us in China. We shall need to tarry, awaiting Dr. C. Y. Cheng, in writing about the Five Year

Movement in China. This is no time for depres- In the present crisis, as well as in our future sion and retrenchment, but for a forward move. If we cannot use our teachers in school work for policies, missionaries must lose themselves in the which they were sent out, there is work that they can do in the field of evangelism. If they are not great task before them. They must enter wholepermitted to teach in schools they still have the opportunity to teach individuals. If they are not heartedly into the new program of making the fitted for this, then they will have to be replaced by others who have the zeal as well as the qualifi- Chinese Church a self-sustaining, a self-governing cations for direct Gospel work. and a self-propagating Church of God. There The present difficulties give us reason to ponder seriously the problem of tbe kind of missionaries must be a willingness to transfer leadership, as to retain and to send to the field. Many have not the zeal for the spiritual regeneration of the indi- well as ownership, to the native church as soon vidual, but are laying the chief emphasis on the by-products of Christianity, and are preaching as conditions justify such action. Missionary only a social gospel, seeking to transplant western civilization in the Orient. We need to be on guard pastors must be willing to be counsellors and mislest we fall prey to activities that do little more than bring to the Chinese a veneered paganism. sionaries-at-Iarge, rather than to be directors or A new day has dawned in China. To cope with to occupy a settled parish. Thus they will show the new problems, the Lord needs the men and women whom He has endowed with keen intellects themselves as the friends of the people. and Christian common sense. But above all they must have the gifts of the Spirit; they must be Crises like the present are many times blessings Spirit-filled. They need the best of both secular and Scriptural training, must have zeal for the in disguise. The Church proceeds along lines Kingdom of God, and love the people to whom they go. In the language of Paul, they must be all that are foreign to the true Gospel program and things to all men; they must be Chinese among the Chinese. In the building of the Church in that are often unsuited to the conditions in the China, they will bring Christ to these benighted people, and will seek to avoid everything that field. Institutions and churches are frequently needlessly arouses suspicion and opposition. reared that are of such character and dimensions that the native church is unable to maintain them.

Then in uprisings the anti-Christian forces lay waste values amounting to tens of thousands of dollars, because the property belongs to foreign- ers. In the interest of economy, efficiency and perpetuity of the work, the Church must stress more the spiritual side of the undertaking and be less concerned about whether the buildings con- form to European and American ideals. If we have the vision and the courage to trust the Lord of the Church and if we will bring Christ to the Chinese as Paul did to Asia and Europe, then the work of God will abide and the gates of Hell can- not prevail against the living witnesses sent with the Word of Life. .

i EFFECTIVE KOREAN PREACHING The following sermon notes by Rev. Yun In Goo, a Korean pastor, are reported by F. Borland. The subject was "Christ Crucified, the Power and the Wisdom of God."

"If we look at the Cross we see beyond the actual event a great work of God being wrought. It is a mysterious work, but like Paul we see in it the power and the wisdom of God.

"This power and wisdom was revealed first, in Judgment of Sin. As we see the 'sin- less Lord of Life crucified we are conscience-stricken, seeing for the first time our fellow- ship in sin with those who crucified Him. Humanity itself laid the Cross on His shoulders, and by that Cross humanity is judged.

"Second, in Grace. Judgment is never constructive; it never built up an eternal work.

If the Cross was a judgment it was a judgment of grace, and as such it is irresistible. Not the wrath only but the love of God was shown. The Cross is a new bond of love between God and man. Through it alone can we call God our Father and men our brothers.

"Third, in the new demands that God makes of us. Christ not only bore the Cross Himself, He commanded a Cross for His Church. Why then should we in Korea complain of our many burdens? Only by taking the way of the Cross can we truly become sons of God and followers of Christ.

"We have no power suffiCient for this task. For that very reason we must determine to know nothing among men 'save Jesus Christ and Him crucified.' Jesus Christ! The Power of God and the Wisdom of God." -The Korea Mission Field.

Only Missionaries in Bhot*

By the REV. E. B. STEINER, M.A., DharchuIa, via AImora, U. P., India Missionary of the Tibetan Border Mission BHOTIYAS are the aborigines of Bhot. Hin- invited us to tea and after these refreshments she dus, Mohammedans, Tibetans and Nepalis begged us to remain another hour, telling us that have settled in Bhot, and we are daily com- she would call the leading men of the town into her ing in contact with these five distinct races. Since reception room. To our amazement, after the Mrs. Steiner and I are the only missionaries in men had collected, this head woman asked us each Bhot, we are not limiting our activities to anyone to give a temperance lecture-a temperance lec- class. Dr. Martha A. Sheldon won converts from ture, requested by this head woman, in this land all five races during the eighteen years that she flowing with liquor!

labored here and although fifteen yeaTs elapsed At Nigerjo, at an altitude of 14,000 feet, is a after the death of Dr. Sheldon before our advent grassy plain where Tibetans meet Bhotiyas to in Bhot, the fruits of her labors are still evident. barter exports for imports. Some fifteen wealthy Twenty years have now elapsed since she was laid Tibetans with 7,000 mountain sheep had come in that rugged grave on the mountainside above twenty days' journey over Lampya Pass, 18,000 her mission compound in Dharchula, but go where feet high. We had scarcely pitched our tent when one will throughout Bhot, and the name of Dr. these Tibetans collected. Although hungry and Sheldon is heard as if she had died only yesterday. tired, for we had no food since morning, and had Accompanied by two evangelists we recently traveled on an ascent of 2,000 feet, we sacrificed made a tour in upper Bhot. For miles along the food for a service. They purchased all the remain- Tibetan Border crowds collected three or four ing Tibetan Scriptures and offered double price times as large as in the previous year in the same for my Tibetan hymn book. I never saw such a villages and listened eagerly to the message. Fre- hunger for Scriptures and I thought of Jeremiah quently the audience was reluctant to disband at 15: 16. They said that they would take these the conclusion of the preaching. At our outsta- Scriptures with them to their homes in inner tion, Baum, the crowd asked each speaker for a Tibet. Mine was the first white face they had ever second message, and called for song after song. seen.

We had taken with us twelve pounds of the Mrs. Steiner and I have now been going into Scriptures, thinking that we had sufficient for the Nepal over two years without asking permission entire tour, but these were sold before the tour of the Lieutenant-Governor. The last time we was half completed. went as far as we wished to go, and upon our re- Our medical supplies were exhausted long ere turn called on the Lieutenant-Governor to pay our the tour was finished. At Gunji, eleven miles respects and he was more friendly than ever be- from Lipu Pass on the Tibetan Border, within one fore.

us hour thirty-five goitre patients called and eight In 1930, the Tibetan Government, sanctioned by for tooth extraction. At Garbyang we crossed the Delai Lama, granted a pass into Tibet to over into Nepal and entered the village Changru. visit the great Kumb Mela at Mt. Kailas, sixty Seating ourselves in the market place we opened miles inland. It was the privilege of Mrs. Steiner our medical case and soon a large crowd collected and myself, accompanied by six Christian men, to to whom we ministered and told the story of the cross over Lipu Pass at 16,750 feet altitude, and Great Physician. The head woman of the village spend twenty days in Tibet under the protection of two Tibetan rulers. We not only visited Takla- * 1930 was a memorable year for "Bhot," on the Tibetan and kot and its great lamasery of 300 monks but also Mt. Kailas and the Lakes of Mansarowar and Nel>al borders, Ul> in the Himalaya Mountains. Rakastal, the most sacred region in all Hindu lit- erature. We. made the pilgrimage of 25 miles, On February 10th Nel>al ol>ened to us I>ermanently. circumscribing Mt. Kailas at an altitude of ovel' On Al>rll 16th came our passport from the Tibetan government 18,000 feet. The most sacred experience inside to enter Tibet temporarily. Tibet was when we visited the lamasery at Takla- . On June 19th the king of Askot granted a lease for land in Dharchula. On July 9th Mrs. Steiner and I crossed over Lipu Pass and entered Tibet, remaining inside for 20 days. Medical work opened to us the doors of both countries, Tibet and Nel>al, still closed tight to Europeans, missionaries and the Gosl>eJ.

E. B. STEINER.

[97 ]

kot. To our surprise several lamas began to sing thought that cheers his heart. In the Pentateuch a Christian song which they heard us sing in tour he finds some things in common with Lamaism.

on the Indian side. They followed us as we left, He married a daughter of Tibetan Christians and pleading that we sing for them. Standing beside for some time they found it difficult to live the that great lamasery in that land closed tight to Christian married life. They have become recon- the Gospel, overlooking a large river valley below, ciled to the Christ way, and now he rejoices in his four of us sang a Tibetan Christian hymn. Our Saviour, takes his share in meetings, teaches the souls were lifted to greater heights. Tibetan side of the class in the Sunday school, and Among our Tibetan converts three years ago tells others to follow the Saviour. It pays to carry is a lama who spent twenty years in one of the the Gospel to the Tibetans.

larger lamaseries in Lahasa. When he came over The unfinished missionary task is to dot the map Lipu Pass and down into Tibet and in contact with of Bhot with outstations, several schools, in- our Tibetan Christians, our religion appealed to creased medical work, an indigenous church, win- Him. He became a follower of Christ. During ning of the five races in Bhot for Christ, and a his period as an inquirer, he was put to a severe flaming desire on the part of our Christians to test. This man had never worked with his hands. reach the inhabitants of the land. In evangelistic, First he was put to work in the garden to till the educational and medical work, the watchword is soil. But after a few days he quit saying, "Worms, "Forward."

worms, worms, everywhere." Lamas do not take Bhot, Dharchula is a strategic center at the life. He was given loads to carry, but this soon crossroad of the five races. But our aspirations proved too burdensome. Next he was given op- are not limited to Bhot. With outstretched hands, portunity to teach the Tibetan language and in the right into Nepal and the left into Tibet, ready this he took a delight. He now searches the Bible to render aid and to carry the message of salva- and his face shines when he comes across a new tion, our faces are turned towards Lhasa.

WHO SAYS RETREAT?

In 1927 mission work in China halted, for the Soviet influence had gotten a grip on China. The revolution took a decidedly anti-Christian turn. Mission schools were incited to revolution. Noble Chinese pastors were killed-in one case by stoning. In Nanking city, John Williams was shot dead. A number of other missionaries were killed, and others had to flee.

As we concentrated in the port cities for a year, there was deep heart-searching. Could we ever get back to our stations? Had our Christians apostatized? Was our work ended? The 8,000 missionaries of China were reduced to 5,000.

Facing these conditions, two notable steps were taken. The China Inland Mission boldly called for two hundred new workers-who have since gone out, finances also being provided for their needs. Then the Presbyterian Church of China called on the evangelical elements of all denominations to unite. There was formed the League of Christian Churches, which now represents some twenty-eight organizations and 75,000 members. One of the first steps taken by this League was to issue their "Challenge to Faith," signed by ninety- one leaders-Chinese, American, British, German, Scandinavian, Presbyterian, Anglican, Methodist, Baptist, Lutheran, Mennonite, and many other beliefs. It was a ringing call to go forward in the face of every obstacle in faith, and was published throughout America and Europe.

In the last five years we have gone back to our stations, even the most distant ones, and the work is going forward again. We found the Chinese Christians standing the strain nobly. In one province alone seventeen or eighteen Chinese pastors were killed. The Com- munists said that these Christians would not join their party and there was nothing to do but kill them. As for the missionaries, many brave men and women received the martyr's crown. Yet to the amazement of the world there is no faltering.

Now the churches in America are going through their period of testing. This business depression, apathy in religion, indifference about foreign missions are part of the apos- tatizing and revolutionary movement which flowered in the organizing of the Soviet. The falling off in contributions is largely due to a relaxation in the strength of our convictions. But the heart of the Church is sound. She will rally. The martyrs on the field have not died in vain. Christ Jesus, our Lord has not died in vain.

HUGH WHITE, D.D., in The Christian Observer. Effective Ways of Working 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO l ~,–,—-",-~~—-==—-======~=======—-~……………——-,~, PLANS FOR PASTORS AND briefly from time to time. Here interest (China would be appro- is a project as worked out by a priate this year), members of CHURCH LEADERS Presbyterian church in St. Louis the various groups concerned and reported by Mrs. E. H. "Life is not Christian unless Silverthorn: were assembled in council to plan the celebration of India it has a world breadth of view A missionary council, called and a missionary sympathy at a world friendship committee, week in order to create an initial interest and a desire to study the heart." For most of us this was· authorized by the session country farther. On Sunday of thesis is no longer debatable. and organized. A representative the designated week, the pastor from each organization in the announced these plans fully and But alas! armed with current church and a specially qualified teacher or person from each de- talked in his children's sermon catch phrases such as "interna- partment of the church school about the little folks of India. were selected to be on the com- The ensuing Wednesday, the tionally minded," "world vi- mittee and to act as world regular church-fellowship day, sion," "world breadth," "world friendship superintendents for was termed India Day and an friendship," we sally for t h their respective groups. Each exhibition of borrowed curios, thinking to slay the monster of representative thus became a also of all available literature over-grown nationalism with a contact person for the purpose including the study books, was password! Missionary shibbo- of stimulating and enriching the attractively arranged on a long leths may help to create an at- table, groups of prepared helpmosphere but adequate motiva- entire curriculum along the line ers lingering about to explain, tion can be furnished by nothing of missions. demonstrate and create interest. short of an integrated program A large group of children came of missionary education corre- The committee first studied for a special India party at lating all parts of the church's the curriculum of Missionary which a young woman in gay machinery. This is a task re- Education as a whole, with a quiring teamwork between pas- view to fitting it into the total sari told stories of India; lantor and his department leaders. church program. It then formu- tern slides were shown of a spe- The mission study class, held for lated its objectives, studied the cial station, and finally the little six weeks each year and using interests of the various groups, folks were told to "follow the the excellent graded course of the channels, means and mate- leader" who took them in a long, instruction recommended by the rials available and outlined its eager line to the exhibit to look, Central Committee of the Unit- program of study, giving and ed Study of Foreign Missions ask questions and learn. In anand the Women's Council of activities. This program was not other room the children were led Home Missions and obtainable arbitrarily set up but was grad- in playing games used in India, with various modifications from ually built up as the interests of each denominational headquar- the groups were ascertained. It and then came refreshments of ters, is an invaluable factor; was thought that the beginning Indian dainties served them as but at best it is only one part to of missionary education was not they sat in a double circle on the be interwoven with the whole in the financial needs of the floor. plan-fabric, not as a missionary boards but rather in the interest patch to be tacked on annually in any given missionary project In the evening an Indian dinto other church activities. The on the part of the pupils….. . ner was served to the grown first essential aside from a mis- As a result of such interest- people, with Boy Scouts dressed sionary-minded pas tor and programs, missionary giving be- Indian style as waiters. A drachurch school superintendent is matic sketch was presented im- "an authorized group who can comes not an isolated procedure mediately after the dinner; and develop a correlated program but a part of the various proj- then, following a talk on the sitfor the entire church." Your de- ects-a sharing with people in uation in India today, plans were partment editor has secured.sev- far-away places in whom the elaborated for organizing a eral studies from churches which school of missions – called a are successfully working such children have a vital interest. School of World Friendship, for plans and will outline them The article goes on to tell how six weeks' study beginning the following Wednesday n i g h t . with India for their overseas [99 ] Groups of all the various ages prayers of the Bible; give with official designations carryand interests were formed under scriptural injunctions to prayer ing out such ideas as they care competent leadership, except or promises for its answer; to, harmonizing menus, table that the extended hour in the bring Bibles and give verses be- decorations and frequently church school was to be used for ginning with a certain letter of themselves by costume, with the the smaller children not avail- the alphabet, with a certain key-thought. able for an evening engagement. word, from a certain book of the The initial meeting in the The culmination came on the Bible. Use Directed Interces- autumn was entitled "Reciproc- Wednesday evening following sion. Have the members "Pray ity Day," with presidents and the close of the school, all who through THE REVIEW," taking other members from women's had participated· joining with the current number and having societies in the Santa Ana Asmembers of the church school in a group of persons pray for spe- sociation as guests. Rainbows one large assembly for a wor- cific needs that have appealed to of all sizes gleamed throughout ship period, each bearing his them as they read its pages or the social rooms, flowers, can- White Christmas Gift for some those of the denominational dles and streamers on the tables group in India for which inter- missionary magazine. Have mu- carrying out the same motif. est had been created, the Foreign sical devotionals in which the After the Rainbow Luncheon Mission Board having been pre- pianist plays softly one prayer and devotionals on "What God viously approached for a list of hymn after another with an in- Hath Promised – to Answer suitable presents. This project terval for silent or oral petition Prayer" (Matt. 6: 6; 7: 7-11), was not isolated but integrated between each two. a preview of the programs for into the entire religious program the opening year was given, of- of the church. TRACIN'G THE RAINBOW ficers and program chairmen marching to the stage carrying Majoring on the Devotional In their conviction that while crepe paper rainbows to give Service human obstruction may delay, their talks. These previews in- nothing can ultimately defeat, cluded the presentation of an Is there any divine sanction the purposes of God, members Americanization scene, a chilfor putting it at the beginning of the First Baptist Church of dren's scene, a Chinese tableau of a meeting instead of later, in Santa Ana, California, have re- and an Indian pantomime and the atmosphere created by a live cently brought out a most time- dialogue. The closing music was program? Or why not have it ly Year Book for their Woman's a solo, "The Rainbow Around interwoven with the topics, one Society. It is based on the Calvary's Cross." after another (previously noti- theme, "The Rainbow: God's fied) offering purposive prayer Everlasting Promise," the key- Attractive Programs at the close of each feature pre- note being: sented? Or why make it a hit- Successive meetings whose or-miss matter? Use a series of There is a rainbow in the sky, outlines may be helpful to our closely coordinated topics fitting Upon the arch where tempest trod; readers in developing this theme into the successive themes for for themselves included the folthe meetings; or successive God wrote it ere the world was dry- lowing: It is the autograph of God.

Its purpose as announced on chapters from a devotional book the title page is: "To see the "Americanization," with a such as Mrs. Montgomery's rainbow of God's everlasting "Friendly Luncheon," the host- "The Bible and Missions," Fos- promise still growing through esses b e i n g "Our Mexican dick's "The Meaning of Prayer," the clouds of 'These Days.' Gen. Friends"-the food provided by Howard B. Grose's "Never Man 9: 14; Eccl. 7: 10." (Let all the church women being cooked So Spake," Mabel Thurston's the Gloom Purveyors harking by the Mexican guests. Devo- "The Open Gate to Prayer," back to "the good old days" re- tionals, "What God Hath Prom- Glenn Clark's "The Soul's Sin- fresh their memories as to that ised-to Lift Burdens." (Ps. 55: cere Desire," Hasting's "The latter passage!) 22; 1 Peter 5 : 7.) Topic, "Shar- Christian Doctrine of Prayer," Only the briefest bird's eye ing Our Rainbow of Promise" as well as the birthday book of view can be given of this beau- – a program demonstration your own missionaries, choos- tiful booklet, beginning with the with Mexican women in class ing prayer partners from the song for the year-HOur Bow work. month in question. Biography of Promise"-and outlining in Family Supper, for men, makes a strong appeal and prof- terms of modern efficiency the women and children with proitable devotionals may be based work for Missionary, Commu- gram put on at the evening hour on the lives of Livingstone, nity, Industrial, Social and by the children's and young Paton, Grenfell, Morrison, Jud- Young People's Service, the women's organizations. (These son, Carey, etc. missionary programs being, for functions are held at intervals Fresh life comes in departing us, the high lights. Throughout, all through the year and are from the beaten path. Ask luncheon titles are assigned by proving not only a marked so- members to name their favorite the program committee in har- cial success but a source of en- prayer heroes from Old or New mony with the topic of the day, lightening cooperation with the Testament; 0 utI i n e great the clever hostesses appointed missionary endeavors of the

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

younger folk.) "God's Promise says written in competition for "The Pll"omise of the Gospel" -for Children." (Provo 8: 17; a prize, the topic being "Peace," with its assurance that Jesus, Eph. 6: 1-4; Isaiah 53: 13.) "Prohibition," or something of the Light of the world, if given Topic, "Our Future Promises" the sort. Commissioners will be an opportunity, would m e e t -the boys and girls. in charge. August being a vaca- every need at home and abroad tion month, its place is marked -these and other optimistic Subject, China. Mandarin by the Promise of Rest, and the applications of the W 0 r d F e a s t (costumed hostess) . suggestive topic of "The Clear- brought quick response from the "God's Promise, His Presence." ing Skies." young people. A speaker stated (Isaiah 43: 2,5; 41: 10; Josh. that the depression might prove 1: 9.) Topic, "Clouds in the In September will be held a the best thing that ever came Orient"-facts about the dark Rally Luncheon, its ensuing to America, in that it showed side of China. Two "ambassa- program featuring "The Prom- up the prevailing sin and error dors" for leaders. Succeeding ise of Life Eternal" (I John 2: and threw us back on the subject, China, with Dowager 25; John 17: 3), and the annual world's only hope-the Gospel F e a s t (costumed hostess) . reports u n d e r the caption, of Goodwill to all Mankind. A "God's Promise – His Help." "Rainbow's End – The Pot of guest writes: "It was the most (Isaiah 41: 13; Psa. 32: 8, 10.) Gold," "Guides" designating the heartening thing I have seen or Topic, "The Rainbow through officers appearing in the annual heard for months." Why not the Clouds"-triumphs of the meeting. The huge rainbow try it with topics specific to your work in China. Program lead- used at the initial meeting will own community or your denomers termed Counselors. probably be placed to terminate inational missionary situation, in a large pot containing all the linking it up with the world- Another Family Supper with reports, the Historian taking wide vision and a plea for uniprogram by young people, the them out one by one as she versal Christian brotherhood? promise being for "Strength." reads her annual story. (Isaiah 26: 4 ; 30: 15; 40: 29- SUGGESTIONS FOR A 31.) Topic, "The Promise of At the close of this inspiring Youth." series is the stanza: SCHOOL OF MISSIONS Subject, "The Indian," with Be Thou the rainbow to the storms of Many churches hold their the luncheon termed a "Squaw life! world-friendship classes on six Council," the devotionals, "God's successive mid – week meeting Promise to Grant Our Desires." The evening beam that smiles the nights (called Family Nights) (Psa. 37: 4; Mark 11: 24.) clouds away, with a simple, net-cost supper Topic, "Rain in the Face," with for all, a class period for all two chieftains as leaders. And tints tomorrow with prophetic ages, then an assembly period of ray. half an hour following, this lat- The succeeding meeting was ter having a devotional service, also on the Indian subject, A Rainbow Banquet a stereopticon exhibit, an ad- "Heap Big Eats" for the lunch- dress, a dramatic sketch, a pageon, the "Promise of Peace" for The Baptist young people of eant or a demonstration to round the devotional (Isaiah 26: 3 ; eastern Wisconsin recently gave up and focus each lesson. Others P)'iril. 4: 7; John 14: 27; 16 : a banquet to neighboring young use the Sunday evening service 33) , and two Medicine Men lead- people's societies in the district hour for a like period. The ing out on the topic, "Rain Fin- which was calculated to miti- young people replace their usual ished." gate the depression-gloom over service from 6: 30 to 7: 30 with home churches and mission a study class, all others except- A "Service Luncheon" was fields alike. Invitations and dec- ing the younger children (who given at the ensuing meeting to orations featured the Bow of work out their projects in Sun- Promise. Crepe paper rainbows day school) coming in at 7: 30 fit the subject of White Cross "prepared and hung with con- for a fifteen-minute "sing," then summate art" shed a charming dispersing to their various study work (bandages, etc., for mis- glow over the scene. Rose paper groups. One pastor reports three sionary hospitals), the "Prom- coverings softened the lights classes meeting at the church ise-to Supply Material Things" and bright artificial flowers school hour, three at 6: 30 Sun- gave an out-door garden effect. day evening and one on Thurs- (Matt. 6: 28-33; Psa. 37: 3 ; A rainbow stripe extended down day in connection wit h the each expanse of damask table prayer-meeting. Inspiring serv- Provo 3: 9, 10), and the topic, cloth. A program of sprightly ices are usually arranged for the music and optimistic, trustful culmination of each "school": a "Rays of Service" developed by speeches shed hope and promise pageant dramatizing one or two Supervisors. An original through the world-clouds of de- more of the study books; shadow White Cross playlet will be pression. These clouds, on both pictures (very effective) pregiven. Home and Foreign mission senting an engaging missionary fields, were frankly admitted by theme or story, the lantern set A "Civics Program" with a the presiding officer; but the "Colors Luncheon" will fit into rays of cheer were dispensed by the July meeting. The Promise- the successive speakers on "The "To Direct Our Paths." (Prov. Promise of Enlightenment," 3: 5, 6; Psa. 37: 5.) "Diffusing the Light" as a topic will have for its heavy ordinance the reading of young people's es-

on the floor about 12 feet to the is to be reduced; an Interna- "THE MOON FOR PLANT- tional Dinner with tables elabo- 1NG COMES" rear of the tightly stretched rately decorated to represent various foreign countries, hosts This is a very effective pagscreen so as to symmetrize the and hostesses in native costume, eant written by the author of figures, each participating group each table entertaining as guests the study book, "Lady Fourth carrying on and off its own of honor all the nationals of its Daughter of China" as a visualproperties for speeding shifts, variety to be assembled from the ization of the theme. community and furnishing its the reader of the narrative at own appropriate quota to pro- Price 20 cents postpaid, direct from the side or front giving the explan- author, :VII'S, Nlary Brewster Hollister, 150 gram, etc. )I, Sandusky St., Delaware, Ohio, atory text in advance of each scene, the lights in auditorium being turned off when visibility HOW WE CELEBRATED CHRISTMAS By IRENE MASON HARPUR, Moga, Panjab An Intimate Picture of the Jf/ay a Missionary Family in North India Spends Christmas so as to Manifest the Spirit of Christ Can you picture us in North India on Christmas Day? The dominant atmosphere of the picture which has impressed us as we have come again from America to our own adopted country has been the ,dominance of dust and disease. Dust is inescapable, monotonous, heavy on our furniture; choking as we ride on some errand, on' a two-wheeled cart; dis- couraging as we walk at dusk along the highway to "eat the air." Then disease-so much sickness about us-everyone, at one time or another, down with malaria, or influenza, pneu- monia, tuberculosis or typhoid. When oh, when, can we solve this health problem? Christ came that they might have abundant life. How are we, with our meager equipment, to give that life to these villages and this mission school, for which we are responsible? Pray that on Christmas the strength of the little band of Christian workers and their families will be renewed and consecrated!

But our Christmas is a joyful time. Our boys, Edwin, Mason and sometimes Don, attend several dramas, and other entertainments prepared by the different classes as their Christmas projects. Our own home is dismantled of curtains to clothe the Three Wise Men and all our toys go to furnish a "manger scene." There may be the Santa Claus puppet show or movie which Don, the youngest, is so eagerly planning to make to show "how Santa Claus gives toys to the poor children in New York." There may be an exhibit of crude toys made by the school boys for village children. On Christmas eve we all visit our friends the other missionaries and the teachers' families, taking simple gifts. Then comes the trimming of Christmas trees in our own and the other homes where there are small children. We use a small branch of a tree with gray-green needles. It is rather dusty, droopy, and unsymmetrical, but, when brave with candles and paper chains, it really looks like a Christmas tree. The boys begin weeks before to make decorations and help their friends with theirs.

Early Christmas morning, probably by 4: 30 or 5: 00 o'clock we are wakened by the caroling of groups of schoolboys. We invite them in to the open fire in the boys' room and treat them with oranges as we sing English carols in reply to their Hindustani songs. Then we dress and have breakfast. Our table is decorated with the Indian painted animal toys which have delighted us years back. Friends and servants crowd in, and the Christmas story is read (Hindus, Mohammedans and Christians listening with reverence). A procession is formed and the Christmas room is thrown open. The Christmas tree candles are lighted for a minute, then blown out, because of fire danger. Then we pass around gifts for the servants and their children and exchange simple home-made gifts. There is one big toy (a wagon) for Don, a surprise brought from America, and some books for the others. The boys might be expected to look back at the rich Christmas in New York, with longing. But though they remember wistfully the radio, the lights and the toys dependent on electricity, we get the other gifts and enjoy them anew. Through the day groups of schoolboys and small friends from neighbor families come in to share the fun with the chemistry and magic sets, the picture books and the tricycle. In the afternoon is the great school-party, when Don and Billy Duff, dressed in Santa Claus costumes have the exciting joy of giving out 190 gifts from "the Five and Ten" which the Central Church School money and a class in Woodward Avenue Church Sunday School made possible. We feel ashamed when we see every boy so happy with one ten-cent gift. We hope that we may all have strength and willingness through the Christmas vacation week to give of ourselves and our time to those about us that they may share in the Christmas joy.

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! BULLETIN OF i The Council of Women for Home Missions I ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~"~~~_"""",,,-,-=–=—-~~~=~—==-=~ CHILDREN PRAYING understand how they must feel learn from us the best we know and to do to them as we would and love? "Let us not forget, 0 God, that 'IlWny like to have them do to us if we of your black children, our broth- were in their places." They ask "Where Are You Going, ers, work long hou1's in the cot- for help "to hear and obey the Great-Heart ?" ton fields and mills while we are voice of conscience." They con- at school and play, sider children who "live in "Where are you going, Great-Heart," shacks and work long hours "To break down old dividing lines; Let us not forget, 0 God, that many picking vegetables"; those who To carry out my Lord's designs; of your brown children, our live "in dingy mining towns" brothers, live on less than three and "in unhealthy crowded tene- To build again His broken shrines," cents a day while some of us have ments." "Then God go with you, Great-Heart !", more than we need, "Help us to feel the unfairness and to "Where are you going, Great-Heart?" Let us not forget, 0 God, that many wm'k for justice and fair play. "To set all burdened people free; of your yellow children, our brothers, suffer pain, disease, and o God, we a1'e sorry things a1'e so To win for all, God's liberty; want with no one to help them To 'stablish His sweet sovereignty." while 1nany care for us, unequal in our world. Show us "God goeth with you, Great-Heart." how to nwke a bette1' world whm'e Let us not forget, 0 God, that many all Thy children 11Wy share Thy In the girls' program for the of your red children, our brothers, good gifts. World Day of Prayer, March 3, suffer poverty and neglect be- 1933, prepared by Miss Jessie cause of our unjust treatment, Hear our prayer, 0 God. Amen." Macpherson, of the Religious Education Council of Canada, Our Father, 11Wy we recognize all Foul' of Miss Applegarth's stories from for the Canadian Inter-Board boys and girls, no matter what "Merry-Go-Round" are given in abbreviated Committee of Women's Mission- the color of their skins, as Thy form in the printed programs. They are ary Societies, the girls respond children, and may we treat them printed in three colors, blue, pink and to the call to belong to the great as our brothers, goldenrod and can be secured for one cent company of men and women and apiece, $4.50 per thousand, from either the boys and girls who in all coun- Hear our prayer, 0 God, Amen," Federation or the Council office. tries and through hundreds of centuries have answered Jesus' In this Service of Worship "Silent Night, Holy Night," call, "Follow Me." prepared by Margaret Apple- and the child in the midst of the garth, Mary Moore and Frances Christmas festivities! A month In the program the two great S. Riggs at the request of the and more have passed since the commandments are considered, Federation of Woman's Boards celebration of the Coming of the and the young people pray toof Foreign Missions, and the Christ Child. Have we forgot- gether for their homes, church- Council of Women for Home ten? Are we grown-up Chris- es, schools, place of work, and Missions, the children are taught tians doing all that we can to for their nation. the meaning of the word "medi- protect the little ones from our tation." After prayer by the grown-up worries, hatreds, dis- "0 God our Father, teach us to children for "all boys and girls, putes, and what not? Or are we pray at this time for our country; no matter what the color of their giving them daily the rightful for all who have control of her desskins," they pray that God their joys of childhood-to play and tiny and for all who are leaders in Father "will help us to put our- sing and laugh and dream, and selves in the place of others. to [ 103 ]

the making of public opinion. Grant a For this situation, the group speak for themselves-particunew spirit in us that in the midst of urged the securing of accurate our national perplexities and prob- information by the church mem- larly this year. Names of Chrislems, our search for the truth may be bers; the information can then tian Indian leaders and speakers more than our desire to guard our are also available. be used for intelligent and ready rights.. …. .Help us to make the wel- action on the part of the older Te Ata is from the land of the fare of all, the supreme law of OUj" American citizens of the com- Chickasaw nation in the old Inland. Help each of us to be worthy munity. dian territory. inheritors of Thy gifts, so that we Ella Cara Deloria, whose ar- 1nay 'transmit this nation . … greater, better, and more beautiful than it was The conference of church lead- ticle and picture appeared in the transmitted to us.' Amen." ers was on "The City and the Special Indian number of the SHE LOST HER Church in the Present Crisis." MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE It was set up under the auspices WORLD, and Rosebud Yellow- ROSEBUSHES of the Home Missions Council robe, both speak for their people. and the Council of Women for Miss Jane Addams in her ad- Home Missions with the cooper- Reverend W. David Owl, Isaac dress "The City's Challenge to ation of the Chicago Church Greyearth, and Ralph Allen are Self-Government" in the open- Federation and the Federal also available. Write to Council ing session of the Interdenomi- Council of the Churches of Headquarters for particulars. Christ in America. national Conference held in Chi- "WHERE CAN I FIND -?" cago (November 29-December Besides the group studying the New Americans, there were In the year when the Amer- 2), told the story of the New groups who considered the local ican Indians, or Indian Amer- American who lost her rose- churches in the present crisis, icans as some folk call them, are bushes. During the present na- Protestant church strategy in being studied in places large and tional crisis the situation of the the fight for a righteous city, small throughout the United New American citizens is acute and family life in the city. States, persons keep asking in certain phases and demands where to find facts concerning special consideration, because The findings in final form can be secured they form a minority group con- from the Home Missions Council, 105 East 22d Street, New York City, New York, for sidered by many citizens as "in- lOco each. truders." TE ATA WHOSE NAME The New Americans through MEANS "THE DAWN" inability to pay taxes, or to meet payments, are losing their little the relations of the Indian, the home places in suburbs, or in country places. To one Italian Government and the church.

woman, who found friendliness Such questions are answered and help at Hull House, the in chapters VI, VII and VIII tragedy of it all was the fact of Lindquist's "A Handbook for that the two rosebushes, which Missionary Workers Among the symbolized to her that she had American Indians." Chapter succeeded in bringing to reality III gives in brief form the story her dreams for her family of a of pioneer missions among the new home in a new land, had Indians.

gone with everything else. There Mrs. Eliz.abeth Mann Clark was no place for rosebushes in says: "It is a book to keep with- the crowded tenement districts. in easy reach of the hand of One can easily imagine her sense anyone who meets the American of complete defeat as she must Indian through either reserva- now reestablish a home in the tion or city work. For the new overcrowded city. worker there is a brief history Another acute situation is the of missionary accomplishments fact that in our crowded cities, in the Indian field which begins the struggle for bread and but- most helpfully with the Indian ter through the securing of work rather than with the pioneer and odd jobs has accentuated missionary. This is followed by already existing un-Christian re- a challenging review of the pres- lationships between the older ent day emphasis."

and newer Americans into situa- The Handbook can be secured tions of unreasoning determination on the part of older groups In studying the situation of from the Council office for fifty to rid the community of respon- Indian Americans, the Joint In- cents.

sibility for newer groups, such dian Committee of the Home as, Mexicans, Filipinos, and the Missions Council and Council of "All people awake, open your more recently arrived Negro Women, are urging that we give eyes, arise."-Hopi In dill n groups. opportunity to Indian leaders to Prayer.

got stabilized. Many more will perish Evangelistic Band at

if China turns to communism. Russia Anti-Civil War League had the land; China has not the land. Equipped with nearly 100,000 The Chinese, while naturally a lovable tracts, booklets, posters, a stere- After elaborate preparations people, have fire in their nature which, opticon and a bright incandesthe Anti-Civil War League was if aroused, will sweep all before it. cent lamp, Rev. J. A. Poole and formally inaugurated by holding Once you get the Chinese mob above his wife, Christian Alliance misa conference of delegates from the boiling point, there is no cruelty, sionaries of Kwangsi, South 407 public bodies and bringing no torture, that they will not only China, with a native preacher together 1,075 representatives practice but enjoy. While communism and Bible woman, started on a in the Chinese Chamber of Com- means one thing in Russia, where it three months' trip which covered merce in Shanghai. According- has passed to its more constructive 665 miles and included the prinly, Chinese who are utterly stage, it is a different thing in China, cipal cities in the Kinguen diswearied of the constant civil tur- and I tremble for China for what this trict. The method was to start moil may have a mouthpiece may mean. out in pairs, taking a bundle of through which to articulate their tracts and visit from house to opinion, and hope is expressed New Religious Periodical house until evening. An evening that this league marks a starting meeting was prepared for by point toward the goal of peace. A new religious education posting notices. This usually For the past twenty-one years monthly in the Chinese language drew a crowd of from 300 to China has experienced warfare. is edited by the Rev. Newton Y. 500, and on an average 20 per- T. Tsiang, the Chinese church's sons responded to the appeal In spite of the large numbers co-secretary for religious educa- each night. No serious opposiof individuals, corporations tion. The paper's title for its tion was encountered except in public bodies and other organiza- first two issues was "Religious Hwai-yuen, where the crowd was tions from various provinces and Education Monthly," but a need attacked by robbers and broke special districts constituting the was felt for something more in- up the meeting; and at Liu-chen, membership of this League, it spiring. The spirit of the Orient where stones were thrown at the was successfully inaugurated has finally found expression in speaker. In some places, local within the period of two months naming the paper T'an Chi, the officials supplied soldiers to prewithout encountering any diffi- English equivalent being "Ex- serve order. culty, indicative of a widespread plorers to the Uttermost Parts." hatred of civil turmoil. Prom- -Alliance Weekly. inent bankers have declared Candidates Questioned their determination never to Annamese Church Growth lend cash to anyone bent upon When a new convert to Christ civil strife. Mr. Wu Ting-Chang, offers himself as a candidate for The annual report of the chairman of the Conference de- baptism he must be ready to face French Indo-China Mission of clared that the League will de- the church committee, deacons the Christian Alliance speaks of vote itself entirely to anti-war and church people. The pastor the steady development of the activities.-China Critic. usually asks a few introductory Annamese Church. There are questions and then others are now 23 main stations under the Progress of Communism free to question him. The fol- sole supervision of Annamese lowing are a few of the many pastors. After twenty years of Sherwood Eddy, after visiting asked at a recent meeting in effort there are now 113 regular twenty-one of China's cities Shaohing, as reported by Rev. chapels and 18 other places where communism is growing, A. 1. Nasmith. where 95 native workers are reports on the prospects of the preaching the Gospel, with a tomovement in that country: How many times a day do you tal membership of 6,647. A na- pray? tive pastor writes: "It is re- The communists have now a strong- markable how many have been hold in central China, holding prac- Are you willing to contribute to the brought to Christ by seeing how tically all of Kiangsi province. The church? the Christians have been kept communists' method of taking a city strong in times of danger, sickis to wipe out all the propertied in- What influence of the Holy Spirit ness and distress." The Annadividuals, either by execution or by have you felt? mese Christians have pledged seizure of their property, and to re- themselves to send a missionary apportion the land, an acre to an in- If a non-Christian friend asks you dividual, and set up their regime. Ten to do for him something connected millions perished in Russia before she with superstitious practices, would you do it?

If your father dies will you permit any superstitious funeral practices?

Are you willing to be patient with your mother-in-law?

-Missions.

[ 105 ]

to the Mois of the Indo-China pilgrim on the Buddhist way work of the year. Most of the hinterland and are partly sup- had no song within him and J ap- delegates were young men who porting a mission boat that plies anese Christians would not be enthusiastically encouraged each the streams and canals of the so self-evidently more joyful other to press forward at this great unevangelized section of than Japanese Buddhists were it task. In December one of the not for their songs of thanksgiv- acquaintances made at the temnorthwest Cochin China. -The Sunday School Times. ing unto God. The Japanese perance rally, a wealthy farmer whistle a great deal, and Chris- living in a remote mountain dis- JAPAN-CHOSEN tian hymns are "on the air" trict, wrote, asking me to bring everywhere. From s imp I e my stereopticon for a three days'

Kingdom of God Movement hymns to anthems, such as the campaign. With a sturdy carrier Continues "Hallelujah Chorus," the step is for my lantern, blankets and oth- soon made; the average Jap- er baggage, we tramped for sev- The first three year Kingdom anese youth has more familiar- en miles through the snow, arof God campaign is at an end ity with good music than his riving at our destination long and Christian forces in Japan American confrere. This musi- after the hour set for the meethave decided to continue for an- cal interest closely hinges upon ing. However, the people gathother two-year period. Em- the missionary's daily task. ered and we made a temperance phasis will be placed upon rural, appeal which lasted from nine to social, educational and literary -United Church Record. eleven. On my way back to the evangelism. Responsibility for mission station I put in three promotion has been entrusted to Dictionary and the Bible days' speaking in schools and a commission of twenty leaders homes, and to the well-organized in the participating denomina- A new and comprehensive Young Men's Patriotic Associations, ten of whom reside in English-Japanese dictionary is- tions. One group passed me on Tokyo and will constitute an ex- sued by a Japanese publishing to another. ecutive committee. Dr. Toyo- house illustrates one influence of hiko Kagawa will continue as the Bible in Japan. This diction- -The Congregationalist. speaker and organizer for the ary has 1,855 pages containing movement throughout the em- 141,200 English words and 79,- Seed on Good Ground 500 phrases and examples of pire. both languages. It required My life in Pyengyang has twenty-eight years to edit it. been an effort to keep up with Fearless Testimony With great frequency the mean- the ever-ripening grain right at my door. Never enough work- Toyohiko Kagawa, when in- ings of the English words are vited to speak in a mass meeting illustrated by quotations from ers, never enough strength, nev- the Japanese Bible. Phrases and er enough appropriated grace, within the sacred precincts of sentences from the Bible are never enough money to meet the the Ise shrines, Shinto's most quoted not less than 1,500 times. consecrated sanctuary and leg- needs that are flung right at one. endary birthp~ace of the J ap- -Japanese Christian. The past three months have anese empire, delivered an impassioned evangelistic message. The Place of the Missionary brought us the greatest round of Bible institutes, special Bible At the close he gave his chal- At the All-Japan Christian conferences and revivals we lenge to discipleship with Je- Workers' Conference in Tokyo sus, to which 150 responded by (October 9 and 10), advanced have ever seen. Where we have signing declaration car d s. positions were taken with re- had a hundred at the study hours Among those present and deeply gard to peace, temperance and other years this year we have impressed were many priests of social reforms. In recognition had four hundred and where be- of the past, present and possible fore we had churches fairly filled the Ise shrines. Kagawa's medi- future service of foreign mis- they have now been packed and tations on Napoleon appeared as sionaries in Japan, it was de- running over. Hundreds of new follows in the magazine Kumo cided to prepare and publish a no Hashira (Pillar of Cloud) series of articles and books on believers have been added. Nevsome time ago: "Napoleon the place of the missionary in er before have the churches been Japanese Christianity. so filled with young people; totasted the sadness of victory aft- day they listen with great eagerer his conquest of Moscow. Now Interest in Temperance it is time for Japan to taste the ness to the best Christian messadness of victory. No victory Mr. C. F. McCall, of the Amer- sage one can give. ican Board, writes of the drink of the sword can conquer the problem in Japan, and the grow- In spite of hard times our soul of man." schools are full and overflowing. Our boys' high school took in a ing desire for temperance: new class of 130 boys, but 375 Music in Christian Circles took the examinations for these I attended a temperance rally places. Rev. F. Hilliard of the United near the center of our country In Pyengyang city we have Church of Canada Mission, be- work. The president of the or- seven self-supporting churches. lieves that the greatest musical ganization is a young Buddhist Another of these churches is gift to Japan has been the Chris- priest, whose local chapter re- located in the shadow of the $3,- tian hymn book. The religious ceived first prize for the best 000,000 plant just being erected

OUR WORLD,WIDE OUTLOOK

by the American Corn Products As a result a large number of Conditions in Micronesia Company. A few Sundays ago I people have turned from Hindupreached in this church which ism to Christianity, have de- One of the great stories of was built for 150, to a congrega- .stroyed their idols and have been American Boa r d missionary tion of 240, packed so they sure- baptized. The work is spreading service is that concerning the ly could not worship, though from village to village and not- Pacific islands. The Marshall withstanding opposition from group is about half-way between they gave the closest attention. prominent Balinese this move- the Hawaiian and the Philip- These were adults and there ment is gaining in momentum. pine Islands. Southeast lies the were 210 children waiting to get Gilbert Islands group. To the In East Sumatra in. One of these buildings south of the Marshall and east erected for 250 was packed with Two Dutch Mission Societies of the Gilbert Islands is Nauru. 500 the Sunday I preached. have turned over to the Rhenish All work in these islands is now Mission extensive Mohammedan under the London Missionary This is not the time to stop, regions in the midst of which Society. Rev. George C. Lockbut the time to begin. Not the they had scattered Christian wood of Jaluit, Marshall Is., time for cuts, but the time to congregations. American Meth- gives a glimpse of conditions. come to the help of the Lord. odists who have a chain of Chris- The harvest is not four months tian congregations on the east The population of the Marshall Is, away but even now in need of coast of Sumatra are in confer- lands is reported at 10,171 natives, greater faith, and funds and fa- ence with the Rhenish Mission and 310 foreigners, mostly Japanese. cilities to gather it. on the plan to combine their Of this number 3,084 are members of the Congregational churches, with at -Dr. John Z. Moore, in The least that many more in the member- Christian Advocate. ship of Sunday schools and Christian ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC churches wit h the Rhenish Endeavor Societies. Special emphasis Missionary Launch for Borneo will be given to the evangelistic effort church which already has a through all these organizations, fol- membership of 313,000. lowing the conference of teachers, pas- tors and other Christian leaders. An addition to the fleet of mis- New Bishop of Melanesia The average income of each adult in these islands is about thirty dollars sion launches for the Batang At Auckland, New Zealand, a new English bishop, Rev. W. H. a year. During the past year this Lupar Mission of the S. P. G., Baddeley, has been consecrated was cut to almost a third of that sum. for the diocese of Melanesia, a More than half the population are one has been made for the dio- long stretch of islands off the now definitely associated with Protescese of Labuan and Sarawak. It tant churches. was built in Sarawak by Malay northeast coast of Australia, with a population of about 500,- -Bible Society Record. workmen and of local timber, with an engine shipped from 000, of whom more than 141,000 "Miracle of Lanao" England. This little craft, 28 are Christians (30,000 Roman Much has been written of Dr. feet long, set out within 48 hours Catholic). The diocese has work Frank C. Laubach's system by after its completion, with an on more than thirty islands and which a man may learn to read evangelist, teacher and catechist within two or three hours, and visits still others with the mis- is called "The miracle of Lanao." to find a site for a new school. sion ship, the Southern Cross. This work has reached out to the Districts formerly visited infrequently now have monthly visits and new areas have been brought The new Bishop goes out to a farthest bounds of these islands. under supervision. An experi- staff of more than fifty mission- Dr. Laubach discovered that the mental school has been operating aries, clergy, medical staff, and key which he has developed is successfully for several months. women workers; about thirty applicable with modifications to Here and there along the main native priests and deacons, and other dialects. Already he has river, scattered Christians, may more than six hundred native worked it out for fourteen dianow form nucleii for future teachers. This is the diocese lects in this archipelago; it is where sixty-one years ago the being taught through the paswork.-The Mission Field. first Bishop, the Rt. Rev. John tors, Christian teachers and Patteson, was martyred in re- workers throughout the prov- Bali, .the Wonder Island This island noted for its venge for the kidnapping of na- inces. It has spread around the beauty and romance, was until tives by English vessels. Old world. Twenty Spanish-speakrecent years without any mis- mission reports contain grue- ing countries in South America sions. The Dutch Government some tales of cannibalism in and Mexico and the islands have was opposed to Christian work these regions. The diocese is one adopted it. Egypt is asking for on the island. A year ago a of nine which make up the An- it. Africa wants it. It has been Christian Chinese obtained per- glican province of New Zealand. worked out and is being used in mission to preach the Gospel The New Zealand Anglican Singapore, Bombay, and Siam. among the Chinese immigrants. Board of Missions carries on Dr. Laubach has completed the Now the first converts have been work not only in Melanesia, but key for the Syrian language, and baptized, among them two native also in China, India, Japan, Af- now he is working on the Amoy men whose mothers were natives rica, Polynesia and Jerusalem. language for use in China. -Living Church. -Missionary Herald. while their fathers were Chinese.

Hawaii's Many Races Tamil Woman at Wellesley the nation:,; lJordering upon this ocean." The number of native Ha- The Faculty of Wellesley Col- -Presbyterian Banner. waiians has steadily decreased lege has been augmented this until they constitute 0 n 1y a year by a Christian woman edu- Missionary Pilgrims Colonize minor part of the population. cator of India, Miss M. Evan- White Americans living on the geline Thilliampalam, M.A. and In Claremont, California, is a islands are also a minor fraction. Ph.D., Columbia; M.Sc., Allaha- colony of retired missionaries The bulk of the population is bad, and head of the Biology De- called "Pilgrim Place." It commade up of groups from Japan, partment at Isabella Thoburn prises 20 acres and lifetime China, Korea and the Philip- College, Lucknow. This is the leases are given to retired mispines. Adult members of these first instance of an Indian wom- sionaries. They build homes and groups are not permitted to be- an on an American faculty. the colony takes title to these come American citizens, but Born in Ceylon of an ancient homes upon their death. It is their children b 0 r n on the Tamil family, her mother a partially endowed and is non-deislands are, by virtue of the fact, Christian and her father a Hin- nominational. The Rev. Arthur citizens. They are growing up du, she was educated in Jaffna, Henderson Smith of China was in the public schools and learn- and later at Isabella Thoburn there until his death. W. W. ing the English language. Under College, Allahabad University Peet of Constantinople for 42 such conditions Oriental reli- and Columbia University. years with the American Board gions, such as Buddhism and The Indian Science Congress is there. The Rev. Dwight W. Shintoism, are strong on the invited her to prepare college Learned, one of the original staff islands. Mormonism has thor- texts dealing with Indian speci- of the Doshisha in Kyoto, Japan, oughly established itself there. mens; her subject was the Sco- is there. He has decorations The opportunity of home mis- liodon, shark of the South Seas. from the emperor. Fifty-seven sions is to gather these boys and The result was of such merit years ago he helped found the girls into Christian churches, that Columbia University ac- Dozhisha. James W. McKean, and to train them in the Chris- cepted it as the dissertation for M.D., famous for his work in tian way of life. Fortunately, the Ph.D. in Science, and in 1929 Siam, and for his discoveries in these attractive young people Miss Thilliampalam came to the treatment of leprosy is anrespond most satisfactorily to America, passed the viva voce other. Of the 90 "pilgrims" in this evangelistic approach. The examination on her work and residence all have rendered dis- Methodist Board of Home Mis- was awarded her degree-the tinguished service. -Presbyterian Banner. sions and Church Extension is first woman of India to receive a entirely responsible for work doctorate in any science subject. Presbyterian Basic Budget among Koreans on the islands, -Christian Advocate. A basic benevolence budget of $10,000,000 for the Presbyterian while the Board of the Hawaiian "Friends of Jesus" Evangelical Association cares for work among the Chinese and The "Friends of Jesus" is an Church for the fiscal year begin- Hawaiians. American organization which ning April 1, 1933, was approved -Christian Advocate. owes its origin to Toyohiko Ka- by the General Council as fol- gawa, and is affiliated with his lows at its meeting in Chicago, NORTH AMERICA organization of the same name November 16: McAuley Mission Anniversary in Japan, whose purposes are Basic Budget, 1933-1934 The historic Jerry McAuley evangelism, peace, purity and Per Mission, at 316 Water Street, economic justice. Japanese, Amount Cent New York, has celebrated its Americans and Chinese, of sev- National Board. " $2,081,250 42.5 60th anniversary. This mission eral denominations, participated Foreign Board … 2,392,600 33.0 traces its history back to 1872, on Armistice Day in a commun- 18.5 Christian Education 1,341,250 Pen s ion s Board when Jerry McAuley, a con- ion service at 6 in the morning, (Relief Dept.) .. 362,500 5.0 American Bible Soverted convict, opened the doors with about 100 persons present, ciety ………. . 58,000 .8 of a little three-story building on mostly students, in Mount Holly- 14,500 .2 Water Street. The plans for res- wood Congregational Church, Federal Council .. .

cue work were laid by Jerry Mc- Los Angeles. This meeting was $7,250,000 Auley while in state's prison. inspired by a meeting of the Women's National Today, with its modern building, "Friends of Jesus" in Japan, and its addition known as the about which Kagawa wrote: Missions 1,375,000 Women's Foreign Markle House, which is used to "We met at 5 a. m. in order to Missions ……. 1,375,000 house needy men, the mission is insure quiet on the beach, and I Total …… $10,000,000 carrying on its work of helping was impressed that we were in The total of $10,000,000 is the the destitute. Last year in four the waters not merely of the In- same as for the budget for the and one-half months 40,786 men land Sea but actually in the wa- current year. The only change were fed and thousands were ters of the Pacific (at Minabe). is in the percentages allotted to helped spiritually and materi- I was praying with tears for the the boards. ally.-Presbyterian Advance. continuance of peace between -Presbyterian Advance.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Methodists' Home Mission Six engineering companies made cause of its elaborate system of bids for the construction; seven tithing, has been able to build Budget denominations have collaborated on a religious program for the new and imposing edifices and to A reduction in regular appro- community. The representative launch new enterprises. Within of the seven denominations is the past few years they have expriations from last year's $1,- "Parson Tom" Stevenson, a con- tended a friendlier hand toward 546,270 to this year's $1,036,670 secrated minister who is devot- other faiths, with a resultant demarked the annual meeting of ing himself singlehanded to the crease of opposition from withthe Methodist Board of Home out.-Presbyterian Magazine. Missions and Church Extension. task. Funds for a building have But conditional allotments of not yet been secured, and tem- Color Line Fading $767,395, bring up the total ap- porary quarters are being used. propriations to $1,804,065, were The Commission on Intermade. A new plan provides that The Sunday school overflows racial Cooperation recently iscertain appropriations are called into several buildings and eve- sued a study of trends in Negro "regular." On these the home ning service is held in the "mess progress. They find real gains fields can definitely count. Then, hall." A large proportion of the in the interest of the whites in after a careful scrutiny of pro- workers on the dam are rela- Negro health and education, and grams, certain items are added tively young men, but many are notable gains by the Negro in to be covered only on condition both. Hospital facilities are still that the money is raised by des- married, and the town has a poor but are improving, while ignated gifts. Formerly appro- large juvenile population. It is there is distinct gain to the priations had been in one sum expected that after the dam is Negro's advantage in the dispenfor different types of work, and sation of legal justice. The Comhad been practically guaranteed. completed there will still be a mission notes the significant de- permanent community at Boul- der City, and that this work will A Golden Anniversary be conserved in a permanent cline in lynching statistics from program. The Golden Anniversary of -Christian Advocate. the average of 100 or more for the Women's Board of Domestic 40 years, to an average of only Missions of the Reformed Mormon Growth Explained about one per month for the past Church in America was cele- several years. In the economic brated in the Marble Collegiate Mormons point with pride to field they find the colored worker Church, New York, on Novem- the i r phenomenal increase- increasing his skill, his financial ber 15. Corresponding celebra- from 6 to 600,000 in a century. independence and his status as a tions in New York, Chicago, Hol- In 1931 the financial records of worker.-Christian Century. land and Detroit, as well as the Church, the depression notsmaller gatherings in Classes withstanding, showed an in- Civil Rights for Indians and Missionary Unions, brought crease over the previous year of To remove 194,500 American out the fact that a great many from five to fifty per cent, vary- Indians from their status as women are actively interested in ing according to location. Sev- wards of the federal governthe work of carrying forward eral factors are behind this ment and grant them the civil the Christian message in the growth; family increase, which rights enjoyed by other citizens United States. T 0 day the the Mormon Church claims as is the object of a campaign for Board's activities stretch from the highest command of God; legislation, forecast in a pamthe Atlantic to the Pacific and the low mortality rate due to phlet entitled, "T h e Indian from Canada to Kentucky. Mrs. Utah's healthful climate; and Primer," just issued by the Sojiro Shimizu and two little proselyting, which is the first de- Committee on Indian C i v i I Japanese children from the Jap- mand of the Mormon Fathers. Rights of the American Civil anese Christian Ins tit ute Each year some two thousand Liberties Union. Support for brought greetings and a gift of young men and women go out at bills to achieve this end is being one hundred dollars, in gratitude their own expense, for at least rallied in advance of the 1933 for the Board's twenty years of two years, to gather converts. Congressional session. Only reministry to the Japanese people The procession still goes out and cently has any effort been made each year from 6,500 to 7,000 to change the civil condition of in New York. -Christian Intelligencer. proselytes are baptized from all the Indian. At every step, the Religion in Boulder City parts of the United States. The Union declares, that effort has cult has withstood change largely encountered the opposition of Since Congress authorized the because of its close-knit organi- the Indian Bureau and the Debuilding of Hoover Dam, atten- zation, its isolation, and its many partment of the Interior. Altion has been drawn to Boulder cooperative enterprises in the though an American citizen, no City, in the Nevada desert, a new way of social, economic and Indian ward can now make conand modern town, costing $2,- political privileges, to say noth- tracts, borrow money, draw his 000,000, with artificially cooled ing of special dispensations in' own money, bequeath property, bunk houses, a vast dining hall, the world to come. When all or hire a lawyer without perstores and a multitude of small other denominations are re- mISSIOn of the Indian Bureau's homes for workers with families. trenching, this cult, largely be- agents. The tribes must accept

the Bureau agents appointed for every 100,000 of the inhabi- tion of the entire population is them, even when the agents are tants." He claims that the Gov- critical. Churches and chapels paid from tribal funds. ernment had broken its promise throughout this entire district to soften the harsh application are proving a place of refuge. -American Friend. of the religious section in the Constitution in return for which -Women and Missions. Gospel Distribution in Canada promise the Pope had authorized the reopening of the churches Fruitful Preaching in Brazil An awakened interest among following their closing in 1926. young people in Toronto for ag- Instead, there had been fresh In Victoria, Brazil, Dr. Soren, gressive Christian work has led outbreaks of persecution and B apt i s t missionary, recently to the forming of a Gospel Dis- propaganda against the Church, preached a quiet, evangelistic tribution Crusade. Scores of a condition which "differs but sermon and gave an invitation. young people have pledged them- little from the one raging with- More than thirty people crowded selves to endeavor to give out a in the unhappy borders of forward and accepted Christ at copy of the Gospel of John daily, Russia." Nevertheless, the Pope the close. The speaker did not or an average of twenty in the orders priests to conform to the urge, nor plead, but simply gave month. With the Gospel they law by applying for their neces- the invitation, and the Spirit are also giving out a Gospel sary permits but to make clear moved the hearts of the people tract, and each volunteer is to all that such conformity does in a way seldom seen. asked as far as possible to give not imply approval of the antia Gospel testimony. Members Church legislation. -Watchman-Examiner. are requested to contribute 25 cents a month to cover the cost This was met by President The Problem in Yucatan of the Gospels. Rodriguez with a threat to close all churches and convert them Mr. L. L. Legters, field secre- -Evangelical Christian. into schools and shops for the tary for the Pioneer Mission working classes, "if the defiant Agency, Inc., reports conditions School Bus Is a Boat attitude shown in the recent en- in Yucatan after a visit there in cyclical continued."-Missions. October: In Alaska most of the roads are waterways, and boats are Havoc in Puerto Rico We found that the number of Inthe most useful kind of vehicle dians who can best be reached in the for travel. Rivers and inlets are Further details of the destruc- Maya tongue was at least 330,000. lined with Indian villages, some tive hurricane in September have This people is a superior tribe, proud big and accessible, others remote, come to the Presbyterian Board of their race, language and customs. all with children who need an of National Missions. One letter They look down upon all other peoeducation. Without a calendar comes from a native pastor, the ples, who, to them, are only Mexiit is difficult for parents to cal- Rev. Francisco Quinones, whose cans, while they call themselves Yucaculate the journey necessary for building, seating nearly 900, is tecans. At the beginning of the work their children if they are to ar- the first edifice built by Presby- in 1931 three workers were located rive at school on the opening terians in Puerto Rico. He re- in one center, but for the sake of day. The teachers at Sheldon ports serious damages to the reaching the greatest number possible Jackson School, of Sitka, found church which may necessitate the three new ones and one of the it difficult to begin with most of complete rebuilding. Eighty per other men have been placed in sepathe desks empty at first and cent of his people were affected, rate centers. In Peto, 45 are enrolled gradually filling as pupils drifted a great many of them left en- in Sunday school. Regular services in. So a plan was put into prac- tirely without homes. Suffering are held in five or six smaller towns tice that provides for two teach- is intense. The Rev. A. Archilla, near by. Congregations of believers ers to go with the Princeton, a superintendent of Presbyterian are being formed in each village, and National Missions boat, and col- missions, reports actual property they have no place for meeting. If a lect the children from their losses of $15,000, with a few sta- private house is used, it is subject to homes.-Presbyterian Banner. tions unheard from. confiscation by the Government, and there is no public place. There are LATIN AMERICA At Maleza Alta the manse was not more than four ordained men in unroofed and part of the porch all of Maya land, and they minister The Pope and Mexico blown away. The chapel at Mon- to Spanish-speaking congregations. tana was entirely destroyed, also This constitutes a real problem. The Pope has issued a sharp the pastor's little house. In protest against the Mexican Montana and Maleza Alta at -Pioneer Mission Agency. Government's restrictions as to least forty per cent of the memthe number of priests allowed. bers of the church are living out The Problem of Puerto Rico He cites one state where only one of doors with no shelter at all. priest is allowed for every 33,- Many of them have been sleep- Speaking of the immense in- 000, another where there is only ing in the church. About twenty crease of population in Puerto one for every 60,000, while in members of the Isabela Church Rico since 1925, Fred L. Brownthe well-known state of Vera lost their homes, and the situa- lee asks what one could expect Cruz only one priest is to "exer- from such an over-crowded, cise the sacred ministry for under-paid, under-fed, over-ais- eased, under-hospitalized, under- educated, religiously-dead race of people. He enumerates the basic problems of the Island in the following order: 1. Population–over eighty times the average per square mile for the United States.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

2. Economic – starvation wages there were subject headings. In have 124 European priests, with absentee capitalism. the months that followed, this monks and nuns, together with 3. Health-200,000 sufferers from 100 native helpers. In Togoland man and his wife became the over against 6 Protestant workmalaria, 600,000 sufferers from hook- nucleus of a small group of beworm, to say nothing of other dis- lievers in that far-off district. ers there are 25 priests, 11 eases. 4. Education-scarcely half provided for. Don Eufrasio had been living in monks and 15 sisters. companionate marriage about The French Government has 5. Religion-dominated by Roman fourteen years before his con- recognized the superior work of Catholicism. Mr. Brownlee believes that an version. (Companionate mar- the Paris Mission more and more intelligent educational program riage is very common in Bo- signally on account of its educato reveal to the Puerto Ricans livia). But, as soon as the tional and social program. This what is wrong with them phys- Gospel had touched his soul, was emphasized at the great ically, economically, morally and both he and his companion de- colonial exhibition in Vincennes religiously is the first essential. sired marriage. They came to last year. The Mission records Aiquile and were married and great progress, except in the Bible Reading in Bolivia baptized the same day. Senegal. In French Cameroun -LESLIE M. SHEDD, in The Early in 1930, a Quechua Bible Society Record. two new stations have been opened and the number of farmer, Eufrasio Pardo, living Bread Upon the Waters church members increased from twenty-five miles from Aiquile, Bolivia, came to the Bolivian In- A Wheaton College student 20,000 to 35,000. dian Mission seeking medicine. who went to Spain last summer For all fields the increase After supplying him with a few relates the following: simple remedies, some passages stands as follows: Missionaries from the Quecha-Spanish New "Our Spanish steamer Alfon- from 216 to 277, Native work- Testament were read and ex- so XIII carried 800 'Gallegos' ers from 1,940 to 2,941, Chris- tians from 100,000 to 160,000.

plained to him. He finally car- who were returning to their na- World Congress Postponed ried the treasure away with tive Galicia from various places him. After careful consideration of in Central America. extensive correspondence from Months passed, and we did South America, Europe and the not see Don Eufrasio. About "Going up on deck for a United States, the Executive Christmas time of that same Committee of the Baptist World year, we received a visit from breath of air I sought the rail, Alliance unanimously adopted him and one of the first ques- and abstractly began whistling the following: hymns. I had not noticed a littions that he asked was whether tle chap of some eight or nine Resolved, That in view of the preswe had any more books. He had years who stood near me until I ent economic situation and the seri- finished an approximation of ous burdens resting on the missionary been reading the New Testa- 'Jesus Is All the World to Me.'

ment and was convinced that it I felt a tug at my coat, and enterprises of the denomination looked around, 'Senor, I know throughout the world, the Congress was the Word of God, although that song I' he said rather shyly. of Berlin be postponed until 1934. many of his neighbors said that The Executive Committee hopes and it was of the devil. He had attended the La Aurora believes that an improvement in world A few weeks later we visited Mission School in Huehuete- conditions will permit it then to take nango, Guatemala and had place without the disadvantages which his house and received a hearty learned a few words of English, would at present be difficult to avoid. welcome. He went off to invite his neighbors in order that we along with some Bible verses and Gospel songs. The seed was Churches Awake might have a preaching service. deeply imbedded in his heart." The following night we had -Record of Christian Work. In reply to criticism hurled at about twenty-five gathered and our hosts took a public stand EUROPE the Church by radical groups in that night. Don Eufrasio had The Paris Mission Growth Germany, charging aloofness from the stress of the times, the been a drinker, a smoker, and a At the annual meeting of this German Evangelical Press Servcocoa chewer (leaf from which mission society, Director E. Alle- ice quotes from a declaration of is extracted cocain). All three the Thuringian churches: of these habits were given up at Pleading, warning, we appeal to all our membership in the interests of once. This was done without gret reported that the most no- an awakened conscience that all of them, each in their sphere, may do any direct instigation on our ticeable thing about their field in their utmost to counteract and compart. Everyone that came to Basutoland, Madagascar and bat a spirit of hatred. The Church their house was asked to listen Togo is that the Roman Catholics has not the power to change economic to the explanation and reading are exercising the utmost zeal in conditions, but it has the duty to inof the Holy Scriptures. fluence the behavior of men, to the working at the very points where end that better conditions may be cre- The New Testament that I the Protestant missions are the ated. had sold to him about a year be- strongest. The Paris Mission has only 10 missionaries and 18 Similarly the Moravian Broth- !ore was underlined with pencil erhood says: III many places, and at the tops European workers in Basutoof some pages and chapters land, while the Roman Catholics There is imminent danger that the tie of brotherhood be severed in the

fury of this struggle. We are sub- small group in Prague had been past generation. He has develjects of the King of Truth. We will therefore not permit our tongues to gathering more or less regularly oped in mind while he still lives for worship and discussion. A in body in a past generation, not sow the seed of hatred and provocation among our people. The Cross few months ago a retreat was because he does not know how to which we confess forbids us to hate held near Prague, attended by change, but because he lacks the ~t all.. ~ven in the conflict of polit- Ical opInIOns we will act according to twenty young men and women, means of changing. i nth e the Golden Rule of Jesus in the Ser- all Czechs except one. All were "The phenomenon mon on the Mount. eager to know more of Quaker towns is that material develop- -Federal Council Bulletin. teachings. The deepening inter- ment is going much faster than est of the group resulted in the cultural development. In Egyp- Missions a Chris,tian Luxury decision to hold regular meet- tian cities and towns appear- This statement has excited ings. Several of the leaders are ances indicate that town dwellers much comment, first in Den- outstanding members of the Y. have gone a long way towards M. C. A.; some are Catholics; progress and culture, but this is mark and then in a number of others Protestant, Jewish or not the fact. continental papers, notably in without church affiliation.' A young engineer, member of the "Both phenomena result from Sweden and Denmark. The oc- Student Renaissance Movement, changes in the last decade, i. e., casion of the flare-up is in the was elected clerk. the standard of living in towns fact that the exchange bank in has imp r 0 v e d considerably. Copenhagen refused to furnish -American Friend. Wages and salaries have inthe Lutheran Danish Mission creased, and in the meantime the fUrther foreign exchange, ex- Sunday Schools in Greece products of civilization and arcusing its action by the state- ticles of luxury have impressed ment: "Foreign missions can- Mr. G. A. Guelibolian, of the minds of the people, and not be regarded as absolutely Athens, sends encouraging news created in them a desire to acnecessary for the country." The of the development of Sunday quire them, Europeans place Danish Mission Society use s school work in the Armenian education first, material things about 3,000 pounds sterling Apostolic Church. Four Sun- are secondary; but we in Egypt every month in paying the al- day schools have been organ- care first for material appearlowances of about 135 Danish iSziendg:roLuipwaziathma95wietnhro70lleedn,roKlolekd~ ance. This explains why some kinia with 220 enrolled, and Der- overestimate the Egyptian awakmissionaries. If these men were gouti with 450 enrolled. Mr. ening, which is more material to receive no salaries they would Guelibolian says, "We started than moral." our first services with the golden have to be sent home by the text, 'The fear of the Lord is the Religion in Abyssinia Danish consular service, at an beginning of wisdom.' The news of the inauguration of A religious census of Ethiopia expense greater than the allow- these Sunday schools was wel- reveals that there are six milance for many months. All mis- comed with great enthusiasm lion pagans (more than onesion stations, hospitals and and with deep feelings of grati- half); one million Mohammeschools would be left entirely tude for the W. S. S. A. and the dans; a remnant of Jews, called unprovided for. Near East Foundation." While Falashas, and three million Mr. Guelibolian's attention is di- Christian Ethiopians (about one- The onslaught on missions by rected primarily at present to third) . the exchange bank has called the work in Athens and Piraeus forth such a storm of indigna- it is expected that he will extend One hundred and two years tion in many European coun- the work into Macedonia, Pelo- ago, the first Protestant missiontries that the real value of mis- ponnese and Crete. aries were sent to Ethiopia by sions even for the home base the Church Missionary Society was emphasized more promi- AFRICA of England. The Rev. Samuel nently than for many years. A Gobat was the pioneer mission- Swedish daily, the Svenska Dag- Egyptian Social Life ary. He won the respect of the bladet, in discussing the foolish- priests of the Ethiopian Church ness of the bank's statement The Egyptian Gazette has an because he knew the Scriptures. ends with a fine discussion of article on "Social Confusion in Short periods of occupation were the usefulness of the foreign Egyptian Life": followed by long periods. when mission enterprise to a country, no missionary was allowed in the even from a merely economic "There are two phenomena in country. At three strategic viewpoint. The discussion has Egyptian life, one in the villages centers the American United resulted in an arrangement and an opposite one in towns. Presbyterian Church is now witwhereby the Danish Mission The former is that the villagers nessing for Christ in Ethiopia. Society is enabled for the present to continue its work.

Czechoslovakia Quakers have undergone a mental de- Sayo and Gorei are in the midst velopment, while their material of pagan Gallas; Addis Ababa Recently a new step has been means of life remain unchanged. at the center of the old Christian successfully taken toward form- The fellah still eats and dresses Ethiopian Church. The following a real Quaker group in as his grandfather; but he does ing other Protestant Missionary Czechoslovakia. For two years a not think with the mind of the Societies are at work in Ethio-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

pia: London Society for the ation Mr. McDowell and the local this inscription: "Respectfully Propagation of the G 0 s pel pastor calculated the number of presented to the Church in among Jews; British Society for folk in the villages that might be Uganda, Africa, from the whole Propagation 0 f the Gospel; classified as "followers." They body of the Anglican Church in British and Foreign Bible So- were amazed to find in a group the Western Deanery of the ciety; Sudan Interior Mission; of 45 villages a total of 11,000 Diocese of West China." The Evangelical Lutheran Mission; people who claimed to be Chris- two smaller scrolls bear the two Swedish Societies and Sev- tians. words: "H u m b I e yourselves enth Day Adventists. Industrial Research in Mines under the mighty hand of God -Woman's Missionary Mag- that he may exalt you in due The Department of Social and time," 1 Peter 5: 6; and "Cast- azine (U. P. Church). Industrial Research of the Inter- ing all your care upon him for national Missionary Council is he careth for you," 1 Peter 5: 7. Difficulty in Oameroon The sudden devolution of the engaged in its first piece of field -C. M. Outlook.

missionary contribution to the investigation; the purpose being A Ohanged People native church is having very det- to carry out an enquiry into the rimental effects in the Cam- human needs occasioned by the Okrika is a little island in the eroons. Native helpers, who rapid industrialization of popu- swampy delta of the great River must look more definitely to the lations in the great mining areas Niger. A beautiful new church congregations for their support, of southern Africa, and to throw was dedicated here last year, are feeling the stress of the light upon the responsibilities followed by an ordination servtimes. In the region of Dikume which these changes hold for ice the next day. For years and of Mbembe (a new station in Christian missions. Govern- practically every person in the the Grass Lands) it will be diffi- ment, organized capital and mis- island had brought a regular cult to retain the helpers unless sions are in varying measure contribution fixed by the chiefs, they receive financial aid. alive to the responsibility that who are all Christians except There are reports of the re- rests upon them for avoiding the one. They brought money, palm awakening of heathenism. In serious evils which have devel- oil or fish, which they sold and the Bakosi region (Nyasoso) the oped under the mining systems gave the proceeds. The people Losango movement is gaining of the Union, and are aware of are comparatively well-to-do and new strength. For the first the opportunity to stabilize and are able to undertake their own time in fourteen years men have recreate African life. support, giving a little contri- heard again the voice of the The study will include the bution also to the Church Mis- Mungi. (According to a heathen processes of adjustment of na- sionary Society. Their new conception the Mungi is a raven- tive society and the individual to church is an excellent building, ous animal that demands human the new wage economy intro- splendidly furnished, holding lives. The Losango people are duced by western capital; to the about 2,000 people, built of ce- making effective use of the alien sanctions and requirements ment blocks. About 3,000 peo- terror that people have of this of European law and adminis- ple were packed into it for the animal.) tration that have been superim- service. The s e r m 0 n was Chief Adj ebe is making syste- posed upon the tribal system; to preached by Archdeacon Crow- matic efforts to destroy mission the new moral and ethical con- ther, over eighty years of age, work in his territory. In the cepts and rules of the Christian the son of the "Black Bishop"

Mbembe territory a teacher was religion; to the new social and so well known in early mission- threatened with death by his community patterns, restraints, ary labor in West Africa. When chief. Notwithstanding these obligations and liberties. he first came to Okrika, there difficulties none of the teachers -Far Horizons. was not a single Christian there, are ready to quit the service. Ohina's Gift to Africa and everyone warned him that -Heidenbote. every stranger who went to A gift of unusual interest was In Spite of Locusts and Ants sent recently by the Diocese of Okrika was killed and eaten. On the site of the new church In spite of drought, locust Western China to the Church in there rose a huge ju-ju house, plagues and other circumstances Uganda to celebrate the 132d where sacrifices of all sorts used which have made the past year birthday of the Church Mission- to take place, and many unthe worst the Rev. Henry C. ary Society. This gift consisted speakable abominations. The McDowell of Galangue, West of three beautiful scrolls to ex- name of the town Okrika means Africa, has seen in his 13 years press their love to an African "Never Changing," because the in Africa, the Christian natives diocese which owed its origin to people declared nothing would have given more to Christian the same Church Missionary So- ever alter their customs, but work than ever before. A 20 ciety. Jesus Christ and His Gospel have per cent cut in salary, from the The characters embroidered changed the hearts of the peopastors down the line, was made on the large scroll represent the ple of Okrika. Today almost all but it was insisted that new words: "God is with you. Be their heathen ways are things work be started in unoccupied of one heart and mind." In of the past. villages. In going over the situ- smaller characters at the side is -E. M. M. S. Quarterly.

Initiative Among Africans a special committee on the East- Medical workers had contacts ern Churches, and a number of Rev. J. H. Robertson of Luebo institutions of the United States with 3,333 individual patients reports that the last few years interested in the Near East have formed a Committee on Correla- last year, and gave almost 13,000 have shown a development not tion dedicated to the strengthen- treatments. The number who only of a sense of responsibility ing of Eastern Churches. made their confession of faith on the part of native leaders, was somewhat less than the prebut a keen initiative to tackle vious year, being only 97; but the problem of the evangeliza- The purpose of the proposed the communicant classes numtion of their own people, and to cooperation would be: bered 151, a gratifying increase come forward wit h definite 1. To confer over plans of approach and promising better results to and help for the ~astern Churches. next year. One hundred and plans for the further organization and expansion of the work. 2. To ascertain how we can help thirteen babies were baptized in the old Eastern Churches and the new the course of the year. Income In each section, native leaders evangelical Churches and the mis- from pup i I s, patients and are not only planning new ways sions. churches the year before was and means of carrying on the 3. To determine what assistance $97,528, while last year it in- creased to $100,740. This was work, but they are watching the for the Eastern Churches is pracwork being done in other sec- ticable and desirable. only 9% less than the previous tions, studying it in view of 4. To advise what agency can best year before the depression began their own needs, and formulat- render such aid. to be felt. ing new methods and organiza- 5. To avoid conflict in approaches to the Eastern Churches.

tion to carryon the work to best 6. To help in Christian education. The American Press had an advantage. Missionaries have 7. To conserve and direct in proper channels the assets of support which output of over 300,000 volumes always respected the judgment the Near East Relief may be able to of Scriptures and other books of native leaders, and asked advice from them in new under- transfer. -Spirit of Missions. and leaflets, and an income of about $59,000. takings, and in handling of routine details, but now native A Blow at Islam Modern Centurions leaders are coming to the missionaries to offer advice and The Byzantine mosaics of St. Persia has compulsory milisuggestions in regard to various Sophia, which have been covered tary service, and in return for policies which concern the fu- ever since 1453 A. D., when the its hard life those in the army ture church. church was converted into a receive less than 50 cents a mosque, are shortly to be uncov- month. "Yet even in the army," One instance shows this spirit. ered. This is another instance writes the principal of a Pres- The missionary, visiting a sub- of the sweeping changes taking byterian mission school for boys, station, found the work in ex- place in the Moslem world, and "our boys are a credit to the cellent shape, so said to the na- would have been unbelievable school. While they render their tive teacher in charge, a young ten years ago. St. Sophia has service unto 'Cresar,' from time fellow about twenty-one years been one of Islam's holiest places to time we are encouraged to old, "Mbuyikana, you h a v e in these 500 years. When Con- learn that they have also taken everything going smoothly, so stantinople fell into the hands of advantage of their opportunity we are going to suggest one Mohammed the Conqueror in to render unto God the things more thing for you to do. You 1453 a minaret was built at each that are God's." know what Christian Endeavor of the four corners, and the most is, what it does, and what it is beautiful of Byzantine mosaics -Presbyterian Banner. for, so it would be a wonderful -h u g e representations of help to these people if you would Christ, the Apostles, and other The Central Asian Mission organize a Christian Endeavor religious pictures-were covered Society for them." With a with stucco in order that they An officer of the British army smile, Mbuyikana replied, "Ah, should not interfere with the and his regiment forty years Mukelenge, we did that three meditation of the worshipers. ago were passing through two weeks ago!" Some fifty years ago some of the hundred miles of unknown coun- stucco fell and it took time to try beyond the northern bound- -Missionary Herald. find people capable of re-cover- aries of India, until they reached ing the mosaics. the last inhabited region, called WESTERN ASIA Chitral. "It was a very fertile -Missionary Herald. country," this Christian officer Strength to Eastern Churches Syria Mission wrote, "the valleys dotted with The Near East Christian small and large villages, but the Council, composed of nearly all The Presbyterian Church mis- inhabitants were without Christ the missionary organizations op- sion reports daily contact with and without hope. Here Satan erating in the Near East has put 3,393 children during the past was entrenched; for 1,000 years forward a program of coopera- year. Over 4,000 people assem- none had disputed his sway."

tion, and is endeavoring to fos- bled every Sunday in the The vision was followed by ter a spirit of fellowship. The churches; 3,400 children were action. This officer, Col. G. Win- Federal Council of Churches has in the Sunday schools. gate, began earnest prayer with

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

another Christian officer and istic, dogmatic, bigoted; that it is adopted a kindlier attitude to oapnptaog~eodn i stic to the poor classes and one or two soldiers. In answer to social reform. They know India's untouchables. On this subject the Audi Depressed to these prayers the Central nt~oethpmrgejuodficthee adgeasienrsttedgiHrlisn,dudepwriivveas~ Classes Sabha of Ferozepore Asian Mission came into being in 1895, and for 37 years has stuck ~lOn ?f women practically from any Cantonment passed the follow- mherItance-such facts as these are to its post. Headquarters have never presented to foreign audiences. ing resolution recently: remained from the first at Mardan, just within the boundary If Western ladies come to help This Sabha herewith sets forth as its conviction that the Hindu 'I1Wn- Hindu sisters to overthrow these of India proper. Mr. H. C. tality with regard to the Depressed evils, and gain for Indian women Classes has not changed, and we can- Robertson, who is in charge, has and untou~hables their just rights as not be~ieve that it has changed until human bemgs, then their coming is the Hmdu ~pper ~lasses display a been on the field 19 years with- blest. .Otherwis~, their coming will changed attItude m the following out a furlough. be of httle serVIce to their less for- ways: – (a) They should endorse a ~unate .fellow men and women, and bill in the ~egislative Assembly to In and around Mardan are IS not hkely to attain any higher end repeal certain rules of Manusmriti t~an to satisfy their own selfish de- which are the basis of the present four Christian congregations, SIres or mere curiosity. Hindu attitude toward Depressed numbering a pfaeswtors.hundTrheedss~ with Indian Classes. (b) The Hindu upper classes consist mostly of Indian Sweep- Brotherhood of Andrew …. should manifest their solicitude ers who have come up from India. But the real inhabitants This group was organized in for the out-castes by including the unof this area are the Pathans, who have a reputation for October, 1927, under the inspira- touchables in the field of Hindu befierceness. The chief objective remains unreached – the vast tion of Dr. S. M. Zwemer and n:evolence and welfare works. Milarea to the north, where probably several millions have never has been quietly working among hons of rupees are spent yearly by heard of a missionary. the caste Hindus, but solely for the The other advance of the C. A. M. is a little land on the the masses in the Punjab and benefit of their own upper classes. eaves of the "Roof of the World," called Baltistan, about North West Province. The Gurukuls, schools and colleges are esthe size of Wales. It contains some 120,000 Baltis, but not one Brotherhood's ideal and pro- tablished for the upper classes, wells white person except the little band of missionaries. tghreamfolalroewvinegry"caoimmspraenhdenosbijvee~tas"s are dUjf, Dharmasalas are built. But -Centml Asia. where IS there any proof of the truth INDIA AND BURMA of the assertion that the Hindu upper Hindu Warning to Women would show: (1) to work among classes really regard the untouchables The Rev. Fred M. Perrill, edi- Hindus and Moslems of the Pun- as part and parcel of the Hindu famtor of The Indian Witness, observing that Gandhi attracted jab and to endeavor to bring ily? Rather, the Depressed Classes many Western women as dis- sho~ld .receive a greater share due to ciples, sends an article to the Christian Advocate from the pen them to Christ; (2) to promote theIr Ignorance, poverty and dire of Pundit Bhagat Ram, not a -Dnyanodoya. Christian but a Hindu reformer. the spirit of Christian humility need.

We who have been brought up in and sacrifice among the mem- Untouchability Campaign Hinduism and live and have our being in Hinduism, have often pondered bers of the Brotherhood; (3) to A large fund is being raised over the question why American and to promote a campaign against English ladies are now and then endeavor by example and coopturning Hindus and renouncing untouchability. Out into the vil- Christianity. We can not understand eration to arouse the whole lages of India will go those who W?y 9hristian :vom~n can accept f!:mdUls,m-the Hmdulsm which prac- Church to a higher participation are to preach this new doctrine tices chIld marriage, enforced widow- to the depressed classes and they hood, untouchability, and a double in evangelism; (4) to promote will be told that the Hindu fold standard of morality for men and is open to them, that they may wome.n. Such ll; .syst~m can hardly feelings of love and sympathy ~orship in the temples and bathe contam more splrItuahty than Chris- III the sacred waters side by side tianity. between the converts from vari- with their high-caste brethren A wide response is expected: If.any W est~rn sister is bent upon ous religions and to help them a Hmdu marrIage, let it be a civil But the value of the movement out of their troubles and difficul- rests upon its extending outside ties; (5) to establish two train- the bounds of Hinduism, and there is little indication that this ing centers for inquirers and will be the case. If Mohamme- converts-one for the Punjab dans and Christians remain un- touchable, the proposed removal and one for the frontier areas- of untouchability will be simply a movement within Hinduism to an extensive library, a reading widen its organization while at room and a center of propaganda the same time it remains as ex- clusive as ever, a result which work. will delay, and not help India's progress.-Fred M. Perrill. The Brotherhood's activities during 1930-31 include Gospel preaching in and around Lahore'

the distribution of 161,000 tracts, as well as Bibles, New Tp.eusbtlaimcatein~tn and aGojsopuerl npaol ,r t ieospnes~' of clally deSIgned to meet objectors to Christianity and the opening of a Converts' Home.

-National Missionar1j In- telligencer. . Advance in South India ~arriage, not according to the Hindu Hindus and Untouchables The Rev. W. A. Stanton, of l'ltes, so that in the future there may Kurnool, South India, writes: be some way of escape. Western Certain Indian leaders have In the Kurnool field we have had women little realize that Hinduism is an aristocracy; that it is polythe- been saying that Hindus have more than 500 converts received by

baptism since January 1, 1931. Our tinued its way over obstacles. ment against them. A new antigreatest problem is to take care of Never wholly religious, it strove Semitic publication recently these, for we are not only to baptize to send a monthly Christian mes- appeared in Toronto, Canada. but to teach. Every group of con- sage between its covers, along Attention is called to the prophverts calls for a teacher. We are be- with articles on world events, ecy in Psalm 83: 4 where it is sieged with requests. In two months home keeping, education, cul- declared that the enemies of God we have taken on twelve new work- ture, etc. have consulted together with one ers. How can this be done in the consent and have said, "Come, face of the depression? The order is Because of the growing real- and let us cut them off from be- "retrench," to "cut down." How then ization of the need for something ing a nation; that the name of can we advance? The secret is that more distinctly Christian, the Israel may be no more in rememthe Telugus are doing it. When National Christian Council de- brance." American money failed we were in cided to make the starting of a despair. Now when we want a church magazine its opus mag- Magazine for the Blind teacher for a village we do not ask num for 1932. Two obstacles the Society at home; we ask the Kur- lay in the way-the lack of funds Are 1i g i 0 u s magazine in nool Field Association, and the work- and satisfactory editorship. The Braille, announced last spring, er comes. We are beginning to see National Christian Council sup- began its monthly appearance in that our resources are not in a dis- plied $240, and Rev. George H. January as John Milton Magatant land thousands of miles away, Feltus promised $50 more if the zine. It has no subscription cost, but in the hearts of our Telugu Chris- magazine was launched. The being financed by Church Boards tians. Caste children are attending SUbscription price was fixed at of Publication, Education, Sunour village schools in ever increasing the modest price of 30 cents- day School Work and Home Misnumbers. In two villages they came all the mass of Christians could sions; more than 40 denominaover in a body to our schools. We afford to pay. A former editor tions are represented by the 900 have received thirty-nine by baptism of Daybreak has been chosen to blind persons who have already in the past year, and we have a mem- guide the venture. Three issues applied for copies of the periodibership of 400. This church is a tine are out. The magazine is called example of an independent self-sup- Church News and its aim will be cal. porting church in Teluguland. to inform the entire Church in Siam concerning its own life and Sunday School Times – Watchman-Examiner. activities.-Siam Outlook. Diamond Jubilee "Burma for Christ" MISCELLANEOUS For seventy-five years The Sunday School Times, of Phila- The Burma for Christ Move- Anti-Semitism Increasing delphia, has served the cause of ment reports the following Christ among the pastors and achievements during the past A recent issue of the Jewish tea c her s in the Protestant year: Missionary Magazine gives a churches of America. Founded resume of the increasing world in 1858, the paper was long 1. A Bulletin has been issued and anti-Semitism. ably edited by the late Dr. widely circulated. Henry Clay Trumbull. The Poland, "a hotbed of anti-Jew- Times has stood loyally and 2. An abridged edition of "The ish hatred" is in a very ominous constructively for the Deity of Imitation of Christ" has been pub- state since so many Jews are lit- Christ, for the inerrancy of the lished and sold out. erally starving. In Latvia J ew- Bible, for the best methods of ish students are prevented from Biblical instruction, and for 3. Several conferences have been enrolling in professional institu- world-wide Christian service unheld to discuss plans and ideals. tions. Thousands of Jews have der the guidance and in the pow- already fled from Germany. In er of the Holy Spirit. The 4. The spirit of cooperative evan- Belgium agitators have posted Times, under the able and congelism has been promoted. bills in the streets of Antwerp secrated guidance of Dr. Charles calling for a boycott of Jewish G. Trumbull and Mr. Philip E. 5. The spirit of prayer and conse- business. Roumania has been Howard (son and son-in-law of cration has been fostered. "semi-barbaric in its treatment the Founder), has been increas- of the Jews." In some sections ingly influential in training 6. The "Gospel Team" was appro- of Greece the Jews have been youth in the knowledge of God priately welcomed back from the In- made to realize they are not and preparing them for Chrisdia Tour. wanted. Recently many attacks tian service. If more teachers, have been made on the Jews of preachers, parents and youth During the coming year it is Tunis, Africa. The American would read this valued paper, in proposed to form wherever pos- Hebrew reports an alarming place of the decadent popular sible groups to act as nuclei of anti-Jewish movement in Argen- literature of the day the Amerispiritual power; to discover un- tine. Chinese bandits extract can Government and schools, touched areas; to encourage money from Jews by threatening churches and mission work every group to take up some defi- to arouse White Russian senti- would be greatly strengthened. nite work; and to prepare more devotional literature.

-National Christian Coun- cil Review.

Siam "Church News"

More than one attempt has been made to start a religious magazine in Siam For some thirty-eight years Day Break, later rechristened Magazine of Advanced Learning has con-

Missionary

Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~,—_~=~–======-======-~-=-~====-==–,—,–==-~_ _,~ An American Doctor at Work in In- eludes not only the hospital and they are not hopeless; they will dia. By Sir William Wanless. 200 six branch dispensaries but a soon look up, by God's blessing, pp. $2.00. Revell. New York. medical college, a nurse's train- if they are looked after." His ing school, and the superintend- secret emerges in a word spoken People in the home churches ency of a larger leper asylum. A in dire straits: "I cannot read, who have been troubled by re- tuberculosis sanitarium a few I cannot pray, I can scarcely cent criticisms of foreign mis- miles distant, which was organ- even think-but I can trust." sionaries will be heartened by ized by Dr. Wanless and is reading this book. It is the auto- named after him, is under sep- CLELAND B. McAFEE. biography of a modest man who arate management. wrote in response to the urging Re-Thinking Missions: A Laymen's After 39 years of herculean Inquiry After One Hundred Years. of friends, and the story is there- labor in that hot climate, ill By the Commission on Appraisal, fore, simply told; but the facts health required Sir William to William Ernest Hocking, Chair- return to America, where he is man. 349 pp. $2.00. Harpers. are there. Dr. Wanless made his now living in honorable retire- New York. hospital in Miraj as famous in ment. He returned to India in India as the Mayo Hospital is in September, 1930, to complete the This is the Report of the Com- America. Beginning in a small organization of the tuberculosis mission of Appraisal appointed way, with no trained assistants sanitarium, but was again com- by Laymen's Foreign Missions and with limited equipment, he pelled to return to America in Inquiry, that is making such a developed it into a great institu- April, 1931. commotion in the missionary world. It has been so ably and tion of world-wide fame, per- This modest little book is an so thoroughly discussed in the vaded by the spirit of Christ and important addition to mission- editorial in the November RErichly utilizing its great evan- ary biography, the record of a VIEW and in Dr. Speer's article gelistic opportunities. Not only beautiful life and a tonic to faith. in the January number that we his fellow missionaries but thou- need not take space for another sands of Indians of high and low A. J. BROWN. critical review. Our views are in degree honored and loved him accord with those that they have Hudson Taylor's Spiritual Secret. expressed. The eminence and for his eminent and unselfish la- By Dr. and Mrs. Howard Taylor. sincerity of the authors of the bors. In grateful recognition of 178 pp. Cloth $1, paper 50 cents. Report and the wide publicity his distinguished services, the China Inland Mission. that the secular and religious British Government, in 1919, press has given it make its pubconferred upon him the Kaiser- There cannot be too many lication an important event in i-Hind medal, and January 1, books about Hudson Taylor. the history of Foreign Missions, 1928, King George raised him to This one includes little new ma- but as a contribution to mission- terial and handles old material ary policies and methods, we are the rank of Knight Bachelor of for one definite purpose-to re- inclined to think that its value the British Empire, one of the veal the open secret of this deep- is being overrated. While it conoldest orders in British knight- ly spiritual life. It has the ad- tains many sound observations vantage of some earlier volumes and excellent recommendations, hood. in being brief and easy to read. they are not new. The boards Here is revealed and illustrated were already dealing with them The late John H. Converse of "the simple, profound secret of on their own initiative. Some of Philadelphia and other donors in drawing for every need, tempo- the appraisers' criticisms are un- America, and Indian friends and ral and spiritual, upon the fath- doubtedly just; others impress former patients made gifts until omless wealth of Christ." Parts us as misleading. Some of the of the record deal with blessings recommendations, for example, the plant and equipment were experienced by the China Inland the concentration of administraexcelled by none in the mission Mission. In days when mission tion in a single board, are imfield and equalled by few govern- work is being criticized it is re- p r act i c a I until the home ment medical institutions in all freshing to note Hudson Tay- churches are united. Even then India. There are now fifty build- lor's attitude toward criticism;" we doubt whether a united ings, costing altogether $275,- also toward difficulties: "Though things are sadly diSCOUraging, 000. More than 76,000 in-patients and 1,500,000 out-patients have been treated, and the number of surgical operations ex- ceeds 75,000. The institution in- Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

r 117 ]

church would put its foreign existence of a God with a definite edge of church history and mismissionary work beyond its con- plan for individuals …… the sions from the time of St. Paul trol in an autonomous board as God whom men and women are to the time of William Careythe appraisers seem to recom- seeking." It should help troubled over 1,700 years. These interestmend. The most serious objec- souls everywhere and should put ing brief lessons cover the activtion to the report is however its new assurance into the hearts of ities of Patrick in Ireland, Cosubordination of the evangeliz- lumba in Scotland, Augustine ing motive and evangelical char- men who preach and teach the and Aidan in England, Boniface acter of missionary work to Gospel of Christ. It contains ex- in Germany, Anskar in Scandicultural and philanthropic ob- actly the note of warmth and navia, Ufilas in the Balkans, jectives. The report is enthusi- eagerness which so much preach- Vladimar in Russia, Frances of astically praised by those who Assisi, the apostle of freedom, sympathize with its liberal theo- ing lacks. CLELAND B. McAFEE. and Raymond Lull, the apostle to logical position, its cooperative the Moslems. The stories are attitude toward the non-Chris- Three Arrows. By E. Ryerson worth reading and offer a good tian religions, and its conception Young. 183 pp. 75 cents paper; basis for study. of Foreign Missions as primarily a humanitarian enterprise to at- $1.00 cloth. FriendShip Press. New World-Fellowship People. By Grace tain the supreme good. From Darling Phillips. xxii plus 105 pp. this viewpoint it is a notably York. 1932. $1.00. Friendship Press. New able volume. But the churches York. 1932. have constituted their boards of "Three Arrows" is the name Foreign Missions and have given In response to many inquiries their sons and daughters and of an American Indian who was in the course of her work as a money for the main purpose of University librarian, Miss Philwinning non-Christians to an born deformed and who s e lips has undertaken the collecacceptance of Jesus Christ as tion of sources on missionary Saviour and Lord, and we doubt grandmother wanted to destroy biography. In her selection of whether they would continue to descriptive abstracts and critical support the enterprise for any him. It is a delightful story of reviews of some hundred biogsubsidiary purpose that mini- raphies selected from twelve mized their dominating aim. Indian life on the Western fron- countries and representing fif- teen races, she has endeavored A. J. BROWN. tier showing how this deformed to respect the reliability of the sources as to factual material, "The Kingdom Overseas." lad won against all physical their emphasis upon matters of importance, their sympathetic The missionary periodicals of handicaps. This young Indian's insight into the various cultures British Methodists now united, and the style in which the biog- The Foreign Field of the Wes- love for his horse "Whirlwind" raphies are written. Miss Philleyans, The Advance of the lips is unusually competent to Primitive Methodists and The is one of the fine features of this form these judgments and some Missionary Echo will be super- of her material is usable in the seded by a magazine of the new story. The hero finds Jesus form of abstracts and excerpts. Methodist organization which Its chief value lies in the guidwill be entitled The Kingdom Christ through the missionaries ance it gives to leaders of mis- Overseas. Its editor will be Mr. sionary groups, writers of text- F. Deauville Walker, for eight- and in turn brings many of his books, and any others who use een years editor of The Foreign missionary source material. The Field. people to the Master. lives included in this list are of inspirational and informational God in the Shadows. By Hugh Red- The story is told by the son wood. 137 pp. $1. Revell. 1932. value. WILLIAM CLAYTON BOWER. of the late Egerton R. Young, a Such a book warms the heart Native Disabilities in South Africa. of a Christian believer. It fol- famous missionary to the In- By Dr. D. D. T. Jabavu. A pamlows the general lines of Mr. phlet. 25 cents. Student Volunteer Redwood's earlier volume, "God dians of Canada. It is history Movement. New York. 1932. in the Slums," which has had an almost sensational circulation. in thrilling form to hold the in- The South African native is During the first week after the not having a square deal. He is publication of this present vol- terest of boys and of their fa- being exploited and kept in subume 50,000 copies were sold! It jection by white settlers in his is of the nature of a personal thers as well. H. A. ADAIR. native land. Dr. Jabavu, an confession, telling the story of earnest Christian, presents a the progress of a soul in pres- Joshua-A Story of the Life of Jesus. strong plea for those of his race, ence of clear indications of the By A. V. Pohlman. 326 pp. $2.50. asking for them only justice, and presence and power of God. The Moyer & Lotter. Philadelphia. a friendly opportunity in indusbook aims to help "establish the 1932. try, legislation, education and The purpose of this book, as stated in the preface, is to give a harmonized and chronological story with only such characters and conversations, extraneous to the Gospels, as are necessary to show the social, intellectual, commercial and religious condi- tions at the time of Jesus.

The author has made a cour- ageous attempt to make more real the life of the Man Christ Jesus. The measure of his suc- cess must be determined by each reader. A good book for the home circle. JAMES CANTINE.

Pioneers of the Kingdom. Phyllis L. Garlic. Part 1. 12 mo. 122 pp. 28. Church Missionary Society. London. 1932.

Our children know too little of how Christianity spread in Europe. They have no knowl-

Church. He says: "An ur- OUR MISSIONARY

gent need before Christian men and women is the creation and A SAFE enforcement of a Christian public opinion on all matters con- FINANCIAL nected with White and Black in Africa."

America, the Philippines and the PLAN Orient. By Hilario Camino Mon- cado. 214 pp. $2.00. Revell. New York.

The case for the independence …is what hundreds of satisfied of the Philippines is here stated persons consider the annuity by a distinguished Filipino, the founder and president of the Fil- agreements of the American ipino Federation of America. It Bible Society. Here is what presents certain facts and ideas Mrs. S. S. of California writes: which the author thinks should "The check I receive from you is be taken to heart by Americans much appreciated these days. Money and which should be seriously is a scarce article with me but I can pondered by the Oriental peoples, especially the Filipinos, always depend on my check from Chinese, and Japanese. It con- the American tends that America's pretension Bible Society."

to altruism in the Philippines is untenable, and that it values the siastic testimony of Islands for the economic advantage they offer and still more as Mr. O.W. of North Carolina: a base of operations from which "I am grateful that our American Bible Society annu· to extend its interests in Asia, ities afford us some security in these trying times."

particularly China. The state- Advancing years need not be feared ment is naturally ex parte, but when you know that this Society, it is ably argued and it merits indispensable to the missionary en- thoughtful reading. The absence terprise, and of unquestioned fi- of an index is a defect. A. J. BROWN. nancial stability, is behind this Lin Foo and Lin Ching. By Phyllis annuity A. Sowers. Illus. 8 vo. 121 pp.

$1.50. Crowell. New York. 1932.

American boys and girls will That Gives be interested in this boy and girl of China. They are real human children who live by the river, You work hard, have adventures, become stowaways on a junk, beg in a city, visit a temple, scare the assurance of a dependable income as long as you live. An easy-to-read booklet away a thief and are taken into the home of an honorable gentle- tells you all about it-the rates you receive- man and sent to school. Children from six to ten will like the how you help in making the Scriptures Widely story, which is well told with a available around the earth-how a friend or relative Chinese flavor. may be included – how this annuity agreement Pepi and the Golden Hawk. Vera gives you a C. Hines. 8 vo. 64 pp. Illus. in color. $1.50. Crowell. New York. Double Satisfaction 1932.

The Golden Hawk was a charm to keep off evil and Pepi ~'~I.ir~-E-::,-;-R-::;_;.~B:::-:S?:=c:l:;-:-:-:–~-m-m-Ii K'hl~I was a son of an Egyptian Pha- : Bible House, Astor Place, New Yoric City raoh. The story, for primary I I .. Please send me. without obligation. your booklet No.M.R.2.entitled children, tells of Pepi's adven- I A Gift That Lives." tures in ancient Egypt-among crocodiles, hippopotimuses and snakes, and surrounded by pyramids and temples. The illustrations make the narrative doubly attractive.

The Two Hundred. By Frank of Nasik. IlIus. 81 pp. Is. Times School Paths in Africa. Phyllis L. Houghton. Pamphfet. 18. China of India Press. Bombay. Garlick. 102 pp. Is. Church Mis- Inland Mission. London. 1932. sionary Society. London. 1932. The Wonder of It. A Century of The story of why and how and World-Wide Missionary Service. W. New Tes.tament Life-Its Character who were the 200 new mission- P. Livingstone. lIlus. 94 pp. Is. and Expression. Walter B. Sloan. aries recently sent to China by Church of Scotland Foreign Mis- 47 pp. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. the C. I. M. is the story of a mir- sion Committee. Edinburgh. London. 1932. acle. In the midst of depression in America and England, and of Methodism and the Mountain Sum- Japanese in the United States: A turmoil in China, these recruits mit. A Survey of Methodist World Cdtical Study of the Problems of have been secured and sent to Missions. F. Pratt Green. 1932 the Japanese Immigrant's and Their the field and their support pro- pp. Is. Cargate Press. London. Children. Yamato Ichihashi. 436 vided. pp. $4. Stanford University Press. Light from the Darkness. Takeo Stanford, Calif. Everyland Children. By Lucy W. Iwahashi. 94 pp. Y. 1. Kyo Bun Peabody. lIlus. Booklet. Central Kwan. Tokyo. Flaming Arrow's People. An Acoma Committee on United Study of For- Indian. James Paytiamo. 158 pp. eign Missions. Cambridge, Mass. Indian Caste Customs. S. S. O'Malley. $2.50. Duffield. New York. 1931. 200 pp. 6s. Cambridge University Press. London. The Changing Culture of an Indian Eight brief stories and poems Tribe. Margaret Mead. 313 pp. on China for primary children Moral and Material Progress and $450. Columbia University Press. make up this attractive booklet. Condition of India During the New York. Year 1930-31. IIlus. Maps. 752 Songs of Life. By Henry Weston pp. 7s. 6d. H. M. Stationery of- Sea Island to City. A study of St. Frost. 12 mo. 120 pp. $1.25. fice. London. Helena Islanders in Harlem and Loizeaux Bros. New York. 1932. Other Urban Centers. Clyde Ver- Years of Destiny: India 1926-1932. non Kiser. 272 pp. $3.50. Co- Dr. Frost for many years the J. Coatman. 384 pp. lOs. 6d. Cape. lumbia University Press. New York. honored North American Direc- London. tor of the China Inland Mission Indian Tribes of the Argentine and is a sweet singer of Christian Up from Poverty in Rural India. D. Bolivian Chaco. Rafael Karsten. songs of the heart. These eighty Spencer Hatch. Illus. 208 pp. Ox- 236 pp. $4. Stechert. New York. or more poems voice the re- ford University Press. New York. sponse of a child of God to the $1.25. Di(ectory of Christian Missions in beauties of God's natural world, India, Burma and Ceylon. 1932-33. God's word and works, God's Reconstruction and Education in 393 pp. 48. World Dominion Press. Son, God's Day, God's children Rural India. Premo Chand La!. 262 London. and the spiritual life. They will pp. 108. Allen & Unwin. London. awaken a responsive chord in God's Candlelights: An Educational many another soul, bringing Socrates Persists in India. F. L. Venture in Northern Rhodesia. comfort and cheer. Brayne. IlIus. 140 pp. 2s. Ox- Mabel Shaw. 196 pp. 2s. 6d. Edin- ford University Press. London. burgh House Press. London. New Books Burma and Beyond. Sir J. G. Scott. The Press and the Gospel: The Out of the Storm in China. W. B. 349 pp. 18s. Grayson & Grayson. Story of a Japanese Experiment. Lipphard. 201 pp. $1.50. Judson London. W. H. Murray Walton. 160 pp. Press. Philadelphia. 28. 6d. Student Christian Move- Persia. Sir Arnold T. Wilson. 416 ment Press. London. Dugald Christie of Manchuria, Pio- pp. 21s. Benn. London. neer and Medical Missionary. By The Teaching of Healthcraft to his wife. lIlus. 232 pp. 78. 6d. Palestine As It Is. M. J. Landa. African Women. Mrs. Donald Fra- J ames Clarke. London. 126 pp. 3s. 6d. Goldston. London. ser. 134 pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. Nationalism and Education in Mod- The Tribes of the Ashanti Hinter- ern China. Cyrus H. Peake. 240 land. 2 Vols. Captain T. S. Rat- The Buddha and the Christ: An En- pp. $3. Columbia University Press. tray. IlIus. 292 pp. 45s. Oxford quiry Into the Meaning of the Uni- New York. University Press. London. verse and the Purpose of Human Life. B. H. Streeter. (Bampton Pan Chao: Foremost Woman Scholar Notes on the Customs and Folklore Lectures for 1932.) 350 pp. 7s. of China. Nancy L. Swan. 198 pp. of the Tumbuka-Kamanga Peoples. 6d. Macmillan. London. $6. Century. New York. T. Cullen Young. 284 pp. 68. Mission Press. Nyasaland. The Encyc10predia of Islam. Fasci- Re-Thinking Missions-Report of the culus P. Turks-Umaiyads. Luzac. Laymen's Foreign Miss,ion In- Fresh Minted Gold. By Pickering. London. 1932. Inquiry. Wm. Ernest Hocking, 190 pp. 2s. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Chairman. 350 pp. Harpers. New London. 1932. Whither Islam? A Survey of Modern York. 1932. Movements in the Moslem World. O'er Land and Sea with the Apostle Edited by H. A. R. Gibb. Map. The Fai~hs of Mankind. William Paul. A. A. Acton. Revell. New 384 pp. 15s. Gollancz. London. Paton. 159 pp. 28. 6d. Student York. 1932. Christian Movement Press. London. Sons of the Law. An outline of the The Red Flag at Ararat. A. Y. Yeg- Jewish Life and Faith. W. N. Car- Nasik and the Gospel: The S·tory of henian. 170 pp. $2. Woman's ter. Illus. 94 pp. Is. Church a Hundred Years of Christian Wit- Press, New York. 1932. Missions to Jews. London. ness, 1832-1932. Two Nasik Mis- sionaries. Preface by the Bishop The Strategy of City Church Plan- The 1931 Flood of China. Map. 74 ning. Ross Sanderson. 245 pp. pp. $1. University of Nanking. $2. Institute of Social and Reli- 150 5th Ave. New York. gious Research. New York. 1932. Slavery: Report of the Committee of Tefero-Tales from Africa. W. J. Experts on Slavery provided for W. Roome. 186 pp. 5s. MarShall, by the Assembly Resolution of Morgan & Scott. London. 1932. September 25, 1931. 27 pp. Is. 3d. Allen & Unwin. London. Or Undaunted Hope – Life Of James League of Nations, Geneva. Gribble. Florence Newberry Grib- ble. 438 pp. $1.65. Brethren Pub. Go. Ashville, Ohio. 1932.

Notes a health movement for students in

Chinese government schools. Calvin Coolidge. the thirtieth Pres- ••• SUMMON id4!Dt of the United States•. died su~­ Dr. Francis L. Patton, who predenIy on January 5th, at hiS home lD ceded Woodrow Wilson as President Northampton, Massachusetts. Mr. of Princeton University from 1888 to CALVERT Coolidge was universally beloved and 1902, and for the next eleven years respected for his courage, his sanity, President of Princeton Theological SCHOOL his integrity and Christian character. Seminary, died in Hamilton, Bermuda, He was a man of deeds rather than November 25 at the age of 89. Dr. words and was considered by many Patton was the oldest former Moder- to a typical American citizen of the finer ator of the Presbyterian General Astype America is richer for Mr. sembly. Coolidge's life of devotion to the good •*• YOUR CHILDREN of mankind. Mrs. Simeon Foster Woodin, a pio- The small children of scores of American parents Anna Y. Tho*mp*son*, for 61 years in China. cInodmipaletSeyriae.lemJaepnatnaryandedeulcsaetwiohneref-roamre neer missionary of the American receiving a missionary of the Foreign Mission Board, died at Saybrook, Conn., July Board of the Unit~d ~resb~rian 29 at the age of ninety-six. In 1859 Calvert School. Church in Egypt, died m Cairo on Letters. big interesting packages of books. cray- December 15. Miss Thompson was a ons. toy coins. pictures. and maps come to them. native of Washington,. Pa. Aft~r she and her husband set out on the They study the same lessons. receive identically graduation from Washmgton Seml- perilous journey around the Cape of nary for Girls she enlisted for mis- Good Hope to Foochow, China, and the same training, as they would if attendins sionary work as one of the first Calvert Day School in Baltimore. Maryland. American missionaries to Egypt. She IE there have been any gaps in a child'S foundaacquired a remarkable use of the for 36 years they shared the arduous tion. Calvert School maKes them up in a hurry. Arabic language which she use d chiedy among the women. So wide work of founding institutions, trans- The school gives thorough education from first did her induence become during her lating books, training young preach- grade to higli schoo~. coyering in six ye,,:rs what long service that she was frequently most schools cover. 10 eight. and explorIDg ·cul· a guest in the homes of the most ers, and laying foundations for the tural and scientific subjects besides. induential residents of Egypt and did present vigorous Chinese Church. much for. the emancipation of Egyp- Your child will learn not only the fundamental subjects but also more about near and far coun- • ti,n women. • • Charles H. •Gab*rie*l, composer of tries. about plants. birds. trees, statS; about Dr. Willoughby Anson .Hemingway, lyrics. statues. paintings-than he would in at· an American Board Missionary, died hymns, died in Los Angeles, Septem- tending the avera~ scliool. Then later, when he from induenza in Taiku, China, on No- ber 14. Among themoi'e familiar of takes his place With other children, he will prob· vember 8. In 1919 he was decorated his compositions. are: "Since Jesus ably enter high or preparatory school witli ad·. by the Chinese Government for his vanced standing. Most Calvert children do! work in stopping the bubonic plague. Came into",My Heart," "Brighten the Missionaries, exchange officers parents 10 the Recently he had served as director of Corner Where You Are," 'He Is So diplomatic service. .have enrolled their children, Precious to Me," and the widely pop- and have been delighted with the sound founda· ular, "That Will Be Glory for Me." tion Calvert School gives;' The school furnishes Many of his hymns were translated all materials books, lessons, and instructions. into foreign languages. Over 6,000 children are enrolled at present in the United States and all over the world. . There are *•• Calvert School centers now in foreign fields. TJ:Ie course may be taken for the full SIX years, or 10 Dr. Wilbur Fisk Walker, retired part at a total cost of $40 a year. ($20 addi- Methodist missionary, died at Evans- tional for criticism of pupil's work. ) Kinder· ville, Ind., November 13, aged eighty- ~en courses are also available for use by the six. He was pastor of important IDdividual at S10.50 or by groups at a reduced churches, including Asbury, Peking, cost. V. M. Hillyer, founder of Calvert Home In· and four terms presiding elder. In struction School, wrote. "A Child's History of the Boxer troubles he performed con- the World," "A Child's Geography," successful . spicuous service as commissary dur- books imbued with the life and interest that· ing the siege of Peking. Later be brighten all Calvert home lessons. Use the coupon fo–r—-f-u_.l_l…i_n-f–o–r-m—-a-t-.i-o..n…..__.._-_..__……—.._.-._—– .. • • • served on the Boxer indemnity board. Printin The Rev. Dalzell Adelbert Bunker, CALVERT SCHOOL a Methodist missionary in Seoul, Ko- 182 W. Tuscany Road, Baltimore, Md. When You Require It rea, 1895-1926, died in San Diego, Cal., November 28, aged seventy-nine. Please send me full information, including a He went to Korea in 1886–0ne of sample lesson. three American teachers sent at the emperor's request. In 1895 he joined I the Methodist mission, as teacher in the Pai Chai High School in Seoul, of Name ………………………………. .. which he became president. The em- peror decorated him for his educa- Addre11 ………………………………. . tional service. He was the author of W. wish to emend to you an invi- a standard English-Korean primer. lets, and "The History of the William tation to become acquainted with THE EVANGELICAL PRESS of *•• • • • Taylor Self-Supporting Miss10ns." Haniabmg, Pennsylvania. Dr. Henry H. Montgomery, Bishop The Rev. Goodsil Filley Arms died of Tasmania from 1889 to 1901 and Thousands of institutions and individ- at Tarpon Springs, Fla., December 9, Secretary of the Society for the Propuals have accepted a similar invitation, after a long illness. For many years agation of the Gospel from 1901 to and have enjoyed a profitable printing he was a leader of Methodist educa- 1918, died at Moville, Ireland, on association for years. tional work in Chile, pastor, district November 25, 1932, at the age of superintendent and president of Con- eighty-five. Bishop Montgomery was Our specialty is Books, Magazines and cepcion College for Girls, where he greatly respected and beloved by a Booklets. We have modern equipment and Mrs. Arms had abundant success wide circle of friends. He lived a full to meet all the requirements of your for twenty-three years. He was the life, with scope for his many talents. particular job. Our service is quick, builder of Methodism in southern He was athlete and scholar, organcareful and courteous. Chile. Later he was United States izer and spiritual director, traveler, Consular Agent at Coquimbo, and pas- preacher and author. Most of all he Why not allow us to estimate on your tor, and still later was pastor at San- was a great man, a true Christian nem printing ? You will be delighted tiago and president of the Union Semwith our product, price, and service. inary. Since 1927 he has lived in • • • and devoted servant of God. Florida, where Mrs. Arms (a notable Colonel Charles C. Welte, head of The Evangelical Press the men's social service department worker in her own right) died in 1931. of the Salvation Army's Eastern ter- Printers of He wrote many articles and pamph- ritory, died on January 9th at Arling- ton, New Jersey, of heart disease. The Missionary Review of the World Colonel Welte was 58 years old and had been an officer of the Salvation PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE: Army for thirty-seven years. He was born in· Basle, Switzerland. 'l'hUd and Reily Sueeta HarrisblUg, Pa.

Finality of Jesus Christ Stone

Princeton, 1932 By ROBERT E. SPEER A careful apologetic in which a mis- Syllabus: I. The Church's Conception of Christ in the First Two Centuries; II. The Attitude of I' sionary student and administrator who Primitive Christianity Toward Non-Christian Reli- has spent forty years in this service de- gions; III. The View of Christ and Non-Christian clares unflinchingly for the absolute para- mountcy of the Saviour of mankind. Religions Which Sustained the Expansion of Chris- tianity; IV. Can We Still Hold the Primitive View Attractive Cloth Binding $2.50 of Christ?; V. What View Shall We Take Today of Non-Christian Religions?

CLELAND BOYD McAFEE MABEL POWERS The Uncut Nerve of Missions The Indian as Peacemaker The New Outlook says: "Surely a book for the hour. "Historical records, traditions, songs, customs and ideals Frankly faces the whole situation, deals with criticism from the Indians themselves that prove the essentially honestly and fairly and presents the undertaking in all peaceful purpose of a large part of the Indian race. A book worthy of study and preservation."-Christian its aspects with a straightforward sincerity. $1.50 Standard. $2.00 SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, F.R.G.s. WILUAM OWEN CARVER, D.D.

Across the World of Islam The Cours. of Christian Missions A brand new edition of an authentic survey of the whole A succinct yet comprehensive record, which traces the field of Moslem countries written by the foremost living main line of the history and development of missions authority on Islam. Illustrated, $3.00 down to the present day. $3.00 ISABEL CRAWFORD ARTHUR JUDSON BROWN, D.D.

A Jolly Joumal The Foreign Missionary Anyone who knows Isabel Crawford, author of A new and thoroughly revised edition of a missionary "Kiowa," etc., is well aware that she can never say nor classic by one who has been described as "the highest write anything that isn't interesting, instructive and authority on problems relating to Christian civilization entertaining. Illustrated, $1.50 in the Far East." Net, $2.00 FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY, 158 Fifth Avenue, New York Or, At All Boolesellers Moslem Opposition Is Yielding BEFORE CHRISTIAN TESTIMONY The Good News of Christ interpreted to Moslems through the Christian life and literature is winning a hearing for the Gospel in many l.snds.

Will you help to supply this much needed Christi.sn literature for millions who have never he.srd this Good News—in Egypt Syria Irale China Morocco Palestine Penia Java Aigier. Turleey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa Send your help to the missionaries in these countries through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems Cooperating with Interdenominational Committees on the Reid.

BOARD OF MANAGERS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President •• Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L Pierson, of New York, Vice-Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice-President Mrs. William Borden Mrs. J. M. Montgomery Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Dr. James Cantine, Cor. Sec. Mrs. E. E. Olcott, TredS. Rev. Robert W. Searle, D.D. Rev. Mills J. Tllylor, D.D. Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Dr. John H. Raven Rev. A. C. Snead Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D.

Gifts may be sent to The Treasurer at 116 East 68th St., New York City. Apply for information to THE MOSLEM WORLD, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

The Missionary Review of the World — 1932 Index

MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

Founded in 1878 by Royal G. Wilder-Editor in Chief 1888 to 1911, Arthur T. Pierson Volume Fi/ty-Five-January to December, 1932 DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor Copyrighted, 1932-Published by the 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., INC. 156 Fifth Ave., New York Index to Authors Page Page Page Aitchison, Estella S., Editor of Hanzsche, William Thomson. . . .. 549 Peet, H. W.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 340 Effective Ways of Working Harper, Irene Mason ……… 83, 631 Pierson, Delavan L., Topics of the (Monthly) Harper, Richard H………….. 395 Times (Monthly) Ataloa …………………… 409 Harrison, Paul W…………… 337 Pugh, Charles E……………. 332 Axling, William ……….. 114, 475 Higginbottom, Sam …………. 227 Rainey, W. H…………… 101, 639 Banfield, A" W. ……………. 636 Hoffman, R. E…………….. 633 Rawlinson, Frank…………… 552 Barnes, Iva ………………. 499 Holmes, E. Marie …………… 230 Reich, Max I. ……………… 144 Bowie, Fred ………………. 481 Hsu, P. C…………………. 534 Rowell, Newton W………….. 199 Bennett, M. Katharine ……… 329 Inman, Samuel Guy………… 588 Rutherford, John …………… 351 Boynton, Charles L. ………… 543 Ishwardas, B. C………… . . .. 349 Seabolt, Cleon……………… 559 Brown, Arthur Judson …. 13, 91, 263 Jackson, J. Chadwick . . . . . . . . . . . 652 Scott, Chas. E……………… 643 Buck, Oscar MacMillan ……… 209 Johnson, A. F……………… 415 Seesholtz, Anne, Editor of Home Buntin, John Allen …………. 416 Judd, Walter H.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 73 Mission Bulletin (Monthly) Burleson, Hugh L… . . . . . . . . . . .. 391 Kepler, A. R………………. 539 Speer, Robert E …. 20, 135, 536, 593 Burnett, Floyd E … ; ……….. 405 King, Wm. R……………. 31, 155 Springer, Mrs. J. M……… 141, 279 Busch, G. D……………….. 235 Kinney, Bruce…… . . . . . . . . . . .. 417 Stewart, J. L………………. 529 Butterfield, Kenyon L……….. 561 Koo, T. Z…………………. 519 Sury, C. L.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 284 Chamberlain, Wm. I.. . . . . . . . . . .. 25 Lacy, G. Carleton………….. 603 Suthers, Albert E… . . . . . . . . . . .. 346 Cloud, Henry Roe………….. 401 Latourette, Kenneth S……… 9, 527 Taeuber, R………………… 205 Conning, John S……………. 286 Lindquist, G. E. E ………….. 427 Taylor, J. Hudson ………….. 357 Cotton, J. Harry …………… 226 Linton, James H…………. 88, 267 Tibbetts, Norris L………….. 295 Covert, Wm. 1.. ……………. 566 Mackay, John A……………. 17 Treat, Harry H.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 416 Cox, Ezra.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. …. 40 McAfee, Cleland B……. 79, 202, 275 Tucker, H. I….. . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. 21 Crawford, Mary M ………….. 431 McDowell, John …………….. 149 Tyler, Florence G., Editor Wom- Davidson, A. Warburton …….. 645 Marshall, H. 1.. ……………. 213 en's Foreign Mission Bulletin Diffendorfer, Ralph E……….. 145 Miller, William M………….. 161 (Monthly) Downs, Francis MSh.u..n.k… ……………… 595 Moffett, Thos. 1.. …….. 37, 159, 601 Van Kirk, Mrs. Lucy E………. 298 Drury, Clifford 165 Monro, Hugh R.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 28 Warnshuis, A. L……………. 581 Edwards, Marie G………….. 642 Montgomery, A. J………….. 229 Watermulder, G…………….. 432 Ely, Lois Anna …………….. 654 Moore, Mary E…………….. 477 Watts, J. R……………….. 342 Erdman, Walter C………….. 479 Morgan, Walter Amos ………. 163 Wheeler, W. Reginald ……. 359, 491 Fraser, Kenneth G………….. 81 Morris, Jarvis S……………. 147 White, Mary Culler.. . . . . . . . . . .. 550 Gale, W. Kendall …………… 649 Murray, J. Lovell …………… 292 Wilbur, Ray Lyman………… 399 Gleysteen, Wm. H………….. 606 Nesbitt, Ralph B……………. 98 Wilson, A. S……………….. 277 Glover, Robert Hall. . . . . . . . . . . .. 95 Ogden, Glenn B.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 583 Wilson, Warren H………….. 219 Goddard, O. E.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 525 Orton, Hazel V…………….. 166 Wysham, Wm. N…………… 471 Green, Katharine R…………. 537 Osgood, Elliott I.. ………….. 647 Zeidman, M………………… 656 Hamilton, J. Taylor. . . . . . . . . . . .. 269 Owl, W. David…………….. 412 Zwemer, Samuel M………… .

Hanson, Perry 0 ……………. 546 Parmenter, Mary F …………. 547 …………. 34, 105, 216, 485, 591 Contributed Articles and Editorials Page Page Page Africa-In the Reign of King – – Missionary View of the Banker Looks at the World, A, Msidi, Mrs. John M. Spring- Problem, A. F. Johnson …. 415 Hugh R. Monro……….. 28 er ………………….. 279 – – Missions to – Yesterday Bible, A Cure for Depression, One Hundred Years in West, and Today, Thomas C. Mof- Robert E. Speer……….. 20 W. Reginald Wheeler…… 359 fett …………………. 601 Book Reviews-Our Missionary Spiritual Conquest of, Chas. E. – – Our Predecessor, Hugh L. Bookshelf (Monthly) Pugh ……………….. 332 Burleson …………….. 391 Books, New (Monthly) – Translator's Experiences in, – – Problem Approaches Solu- Braga, Erasmo of Brazil, W.

A. W. Banfield ………… 636 tion, Ray Lyman Wilbur … 399 Reginald Wheeler………. 491 African Preacher Preaches, How – – Research in Language, EI- Brahmin Who Sought Peace, A, the, Mrs. J. M. Springer … 140 la Caro Deloria ……….. 444 Glenn B. Ogden ……….. 583 Africa's Question to the World, – – Romance and Reality, Ata- Brazil, Yesterday, Today and To- H. W. Peet …………… 340 loa …………………. 409 morrow, H. C. Tucker. . . . .. 21 A m a z 0 n Indians-Adventures – – Speaks for Himself. . . . . .. 434 Burma, Student Evangelists in, Among the, Thos. C. Moffett 159 – – Views of Missions to Indi- H. I. Marshall. . . . . . . . . . . .. 213 American Indian Agent, A Good, ans, W. David Owl…….. 412 Canada, Rural Situation in, J. R.

Harry N. Treat ……….. 416 American Indians I Have Known, Watts ……………….. 342 – – Are Missions Effective? Twice Born, Bruce Kinney 417 Caribbean, Primitive Tribes of, Henry Roe Cloud ………. 401 – – Need for Christian Coop- Thomas C. Moffett…….. 37 – – Christian Leaders, Some .. 436 eration, The, G. Watermul- Cause and Cure of War Confer- – – Education, A New Day in, der …………………. 432 ence, Elinor K. Purves. . . .. 237 Floyd O. Burnett ………. 405 – – Pagan and Christian, Rich- Children, Handicapped……….. 323 – – First Woman Physician. .. 447 ard H. Harper………… 395 Children, World Friendship Books – – Frazier, Margaret and Her – – Where Are the Unevangel- for, Hazel V. Orton …….. 166 Family, Rudolph Hertz …. 446 ized, G. E. E. Lindquist …. 427 China, Christianity and Education in ………………….. 365 – – Government Agent's View – – Who Have Made Good…. 419 of Missions, John Allen Arabia-Why Still Neglected? – Come with Me to, O. E. God- Buntin ………………. 416 Samuel M. Zwemer …….. 105 dard ………………… 525 – – Hunt, Julia Given, Harriet Asia-Threatened Danger in …. 195 – Forward Movement in, Robert Rogers King………….. 445 – Storm Center in. . . . . . . . . . . .. 628 H. Glover…………….. 95 – – Missionaries to Indians, Auckland, "Nights with God" in, Growth of the Church in, Mary M. Crawford…….. 430 A. S. Wilson………….. 277 Chas. L. Boynton. . . . . . . . .. 543 [679 ]

Page

– How Can Chinese Evangelize? Herrnhut, Two Centuries After, – Hymns Need Revision, Do Mary Culler White…….. 550 Samuel M. Zwemer…….. 485 Our? Samuel M. Zwemer.. 216 – Light Through Darkness….. 326 Hinduism vs. Christianity, J. – Manchuria, Stanley Jones in.. 629 – In Times of Danger, J. Hud- – Millions Trapped and in Pain, Harry Cotton ………… 226 son Taylor …………… 357 Home Missions, Dynamic of, John A. Warburton Davidson …. 645 – Minded Pastor, Robert Leon- – Missions and "War" in ……. 197 McDowell ;…………… 149 ard Tucker …………… 440 – Nation Building in, T. Z. Koo 519 ~ – Financial Crisis in……. 324 – Oases in the Good Earth, G. – – New Vision of, Wm. R. – Outlook, Aspects of the Pres- ent, Robert E. Speer…… 135 Carleton Lacy…………. 603 King ………………… 31 – Opposing Forces in …….. " 131 – – Power and Cooperation in, Missionary Review and the De- – Overcoming Obstacles, Wm. pression, Editorial …….. 630 J. S. Conning…………. 70 H. Gleysteen………….. 606 – – Progress in, Wm. R. King 155 Missionary's Critic, The, Paul W. – Some Evidences of Life in, – – Spirit of, Ezra Cox. . . . . .. 40 Harrison ……………… 337 Human Wrecks, Face to Face A. R. Kepler………….. 539 Missions, Aim of Modern, Edito- – Spiritual Awakening in…… 468 with, Walter Amos Morgan 163 rial …………………. 627 – Typical Station in, Lois Anna India and the Round Table Con- – Self-Criticism of, Oscar Mac- Ely …………………. 654 ference, Wm. I. Chamber- Millan Buck ………….. 209 – Love-Way of Victory in, lain …………………. 25 – Christmas Story in, Irene Ma- Moravian Missionary Bicenten- Walter H. Judd……….. 73 son Harper …… " ……. 631 nial, J. Taylor Hamilton … 269 – What the "Man of Hopo" – Hindu-Moslem Relations in, B. C. Ishwardas……….. 349 Mormons, A Christian Missionary Thinks of the Christian – In the Balance ………….. 195 to, A. J. Montgomery. . . . .. 229 Church ………………. 594 – Mahatma Gandhi or Christ in, – Why I Am a Missionary in, C..L. Sury……………. 284 Mott, John R., on the Present Day Perry O. Hanson………. 546 – Missions 200 Years Ago, John Summons, Arthur J. Brown 13 – Worships Today, When, J. L. Rutherford …………… 351 Stewart ……………… 529 – Modern Miracles at Moga, Near East, Opportunities in the, – Wrestling with Flood Perils .. 115 Irene Mason Harper. . . . . .. 83 Robert P. Wilder ………. 328 China Inland Mission, Hudson – Problem of Christian Colleges, Taylor and the………… 388 Ralph B. Nesbitt………. 98 New Day Has Come, The, Anne China's Call for Christian Doc- – Talks with the Pilgrims in Seesholtz …………….. 612 tors, Elliott I. Osgood.. . . .. 647 Benares, J. Chadwick Jack- Chinese Christians Under Fire, son …………………. 652 New Guinea, Open Door in Sav- . Frank Rawlinson ………. 552 – Untouchables by Whom We age, R. Taeuber .. . . . . . . . .. 205 – His tor y, Some Important Touch, Warren H. Wilson.. 219 Dates in……………… 542 – B e com e Christian, When New Hebrides, Today in the, Fred – Some Achievements of the, Will? ……………….. 517 Bowie ………………… 481 Kenneth S. Latourette….. 527 India's Women, Power of, E. Marie Holmes ………… 230 Obituaries (Monthly) – Students, Life Stories of, Mary Islam, Egyptian Convert from .. , 493 One Hundred Dollars for Flow- F. Parmenter …………. 547 – Christ and the World of, S. M. Zwemer ……………. 34 ers-But, Robert E. Speer… 593 -, the Greatest People on Earth 515 Italy-Religious Situation in, W. – Twice Born, Some, Charles H. Rainey ……………. 101 Orient, Unofficial Ambassadors Japan and the League ………. 132 from the …………….. 328 Ernest Scott …………. 643 – Attempting the Impossible in, – View of the Christian Task, William Axling ……….. 475 Pastor's Opportunity, A, Francis Japanese St. Francis, A, Delavan P. C. Hsu …………….. 534 L. Pierson …………… 599 Shunk Downs…………. 595 – Women, New Horizons for, Pea Pickers, With the, Iva Barnes 499 Jews, Why Give the Gospel to Persia-Intense Pro b I e m in, Katharine R. Green …….. 537 the? M. Zeidman………. 656 Christian Approach to the Jews, James H. Linton …..•…. 267 Korea, Forward Program in . . . . . 469 – New Day in Old, Wm. M. Wy- John S. Conning.. . .. .. …. 286 Christians and the Jews, The, Korean at Prayer, A, Walter C. sham ……………….. 471 Erdman ……………… 479 – Opportunities in New, R. E. Max I. Reich ………….. 144 Church in the Life of the Nation, Laymen Appraise Foreign Mis- Hoffman …………….. 633 sions, Editorial ……….. 580 – Progress in ……………. 69 The, Newton W. RowelL … 199 Courage and Sacrifice, Time for.. 261 Leadership in Asia-Whither? ., 516 Personals (Monthly) Crime Wave, Reports on the ….. 259 Princeton Declaration on the Deficits and Budgets. . . . . . . . . . .. 260 Leaves from an Oriental Diary, Mary E. Moore ………… 477 Church and Missions. . . . . .. 274 Divided Church and Missionary Puerto Rico-Christian Progress Effort, Cleland B. McAfee.. 202 Latin America, Fair Play in, Alexander M. Allan . . . . . . . 168 in, Jarvis S. Morris …….. 147 Doctoring Pagans of the Sudan, Religion-By Evolution or by – – Some New Trends in, John Kenneth G. Fraser ……. " 81 A. Mackay …………… 17 Revelation, Samuel M. Zwe- mer …………………. 591 Do Men Really Need Christ? Cle- "Lo Mo" of San Francisco, Arthur land B. McAfee……….. 79 Judson Brown ………… 263 Santo Domingo-Four Hundred Years after Columbus, M. Effective Ways of Working, edit- Madagascar-What Success in, Katharine Bennett ……. 329. ed by Estella S. Aitchison (Monthly) W. Kendall Gale……….. 649 South America-The Conquering England, Facing Crisis in…… 262 Malaya-Two Pictures from, Al- Christ in, Samuel Guy In- bert E. Suthers.. . .. . .. …. 346 man ………………… 588 Evangelism, Christ's Method of, Sam Higginbottom…….. 227 Mexico-Some Recent Changes – – Sunday School Conventions in, Ralph E. Diffendorfer. " 145 in Rio ……………. 327, 582 Far East, Efforts for Peace in … 196 Mission Boards Worth While, Spain-New Hope for, W. H. Filipinos, Freedom for the …. " 323 Are? Arthur Judson Brown… 91 Rainey ………………. 639 Foreign Missions, Cost of, Cle- Mission Schools, Winning Stu- Students and Missionary Interest, land .B. McAfee……….. 275 dents in, James H. Linton.. 88 Wm. M. Miller ………… 161 – – Present Trends in…….. 204 Missionary Depression, Where – Missions at Buffalo …… , . " 67 There Is No, A. L. Warn- Studying Foreign Mission Prob- Foreign Students in America. . .. 630. shuis ………………… 581 lems ………………… 132 Four-Year-Old Missionary, Marie – Education in a Local Church, Sunday School Leaders Meet in G. Edwards ………….. 642 Norris L. Tibbetts……… 295 Rio ………………. 327, 582 Gandhi and Christian Missions.. 133 [ 680] Taylor, Hudson, and the, C. 1. M. 388 Temperance, To Promote the Gandhi or Christ, C. L. Sury…. 284 Cause of, Mrs. Lucy E. Van Ginling College, How Saved, Clif- Kirk ………………… 298 ford M. Drury………… 165 Turner, Fennell Parish, J. Lovell Grievance Against Shanghai…. 243 Murray ………………. 292 World-Wide Outlook (Monthly) Women's Home and Foreign Bul- letin (Monthly) Youth, Modern and the Mission- ary Appeal, K. S. Latour- ette ……………•…… 9 Youthful Enthusiasm, Harnessing 389

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1932

1932

The Christmas Story in India Irene Mason Harper New Opportunities in New Persia R. E. Hoffman A Translator's Experiences in Africa A. W. Banfield New Hope for Spain R. H. Rainey What Success in Madagascar?

W. Kendall Gale A Typical Station in China Lois Anna Ely

Missions Ten Days' Journey on Faith I

Are presented in novel and very This man was usable form, for Missionary Meet- a leper for ings, as illustrations for sermons twenty years. and talks, or for personal inspir- Wholly unable ation, in to e~rn his living, or even The Presbyterian to walk, he was depend- BANNER ent on his motherless A Church weekly modern in young daughappearance, evangelical in creed, ter who begprogressive in contents, practical ged food to in help to ministers, ministers' keepthem wives and other active Church alive. workers; and prepared with special regard for the layman and He heard of the laywoman. the Chiengmai Leper Asylum, A Christian Companion Siam, one of the 150 leper colonies aided by the Mission to Lepers, and determined to seek refuge there. For the home, the study, mission- To reach Chiengmai, his daughter and the ten-year old son of a leper ary meeting, young people's neighbor pulled him on his cart for ten days, sleeping on the roadside meeting, Sunday school, and hour at night and begging for foodal! the way. of family and personal devotion; Both the man and the children were taken into the Mission Colony its many pages of "News of the and are now receiving care.. Others badly in need are also being Churches Everywhere," and its helped but there dre many, many more whom we shalf not be able to pages of vital editorials, are assist unless you come to our rescue. prepared by numerous selected Correspondents and WHEN YOU SEND GIFTS OF MONEY you are just as deFinitely Editorial Staff cleansing the lepers, as is the mdn on the Field who is binding up their wounds dnd witnessing to the love of Christ. Including William H. Boddy, William E. Brooks; Paul Patton AMERICAN MISSION TO LEPERS Faris, Ralph Cooper Hutchison, 156 Fifth Ave., Room 1119·RW, New York Hugh Thomson Kerr, John A. I enclose $ …………. as my CHRISTMAS OFFERING for the lepers.

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$2.50 a year; to ministers, $2.00 s~z…~-T-H-E–BO-A-R-D–O-F -F-O-R-EI-G~N–M-IS-S-IO-N-S-~,~.IT., Special Introductory Offers: DEPARTMENT OF ANNUITIES Laymen, 6 months . . . 51.00 YOUR GIFT NOW Ministers, 8 months . . . 51.00 WILL BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING (Con.dion ond Forelsn Postoge Extro) OF GIVING WHILE LIVING AND THE GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN Makes a Splendid Christmas Gift MISSIONS THAT YOU WILL HAVE AN Sample copy of THE BANNER INCOME FOR LIFE free on request. ERNEST P. HALL. Secretary 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK Send your order to· PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A.

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StatAment of the ownership, management, Have you considered our special OF THE WORLD etc., required by the Act of Congress of Au~ Christmas offer of two subscriptions gust 24, 1912, of the Missionary Review of for $4.00? Send THE REVIEW to Delavan L. Pierson, Editor (he World, published monthly at Indianapolis, some friend or pastor or missionary as Indiana, for October 1, 1932. a Christmas gift. You will help in _V_o_l_._L_V___DEC., 1932_ _N_o_._1_2 three directioll~-The Cause of Christ, State of New York, County of Westchester, 55: the recipient and THE REVIEW. FRONTISPIECE .. , ……. 626 Here are some reasons. TOPICS OF THE TIMES B('iore me, a notary public, in and for the state and county aforesaid. personally ap.. *** The Aim of Modern Missions rH'an'o Delavan L. Pierson, who. having been The Storm Center in Asia duly sworn according to law, deposes and says "I congratulate you on the China num- Stanley Jones in Manchuria that he is the editor and business manager of ber. It is splendid-comprehensive and Foreign Students in America the Missionary Review of the World, and that constructive. We thank vou for it. I The REVlEW and the Depression the following is, to the best of his knowledge pass on my copies of the REVIEW and belief, a true statement of' the o,vnership, to a clergyman who fairly devours it." THE CHRISTMAS STORY management. etc., of the aforesaid lJubJic:-ltion IN INDIA …………. ,. 631 for the date shown in the above caption, re- HERBERT K. CASKEY, quired by the Act of Congress, August 24, 1912, Asheville, N. C. Irene Mason Harper t'mbotlicd in section 411. Postal Laws and Regulations. *** NEW OPPORTUNITIES IN NEW PERSIA ……… , .633 1. That the names and addresses of the "The REVIEW gets better and better vublisher, editor and business manager are: with every issue. I liked especially R. E. Hoffman your China issue and I believe the Publisher – Missionary Review Publishing November number is even better still." A TRANSLATOR'S EX- Co.• Inc., 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, New PERIENCES IN AFRICA.636 York. ROBERT M. HOPKINS, D.D., General Secretary, A. W. Banfield Editor and Business Manager-Delavan L. Pierson, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, New World's Sunday School Association. NEW HOPE FOR SPAIN .. 639 York. w. H. Rainey *** 2. That the owners and the names and ad- A FOUR-YEAR-OLD MIS- dresses of stockholders owning or holding 1 "In spite of the depression The MIS- SIONARY ………….. 642 per cent or more of total amount of stock are: SIONARY REVIEW OF THE nwner: Mis8ionary Review Publishing Co., WORLD is steadily going ahead not Marie G. Edwards Inc., 156 Fifth Avenue, New York; Stock- only in its new dress but also in its holders: Mrs. Wm. Borden, New York; wealth of usable material for the pas- SOME TWICE BORN CHI- Edwin L. Bulkley, Englewood, N. J.; H. N. tor who would make 'the call of God NESE ……………… 643 Dougherty, New York; D. J. 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The magazine will be profit- WHAT SUCCESS IN MAD- able to me through the year, so that I AGASCAR? … , ……. ,649 3. That the known bondbolders. mortgagees am asking you to send it to me." and other security holders owning or holding W. Kendall Gale 1 per cent or more of total amount of bonds, REV. M. L. BANISTER, mortgages or other securities are: None. Chester, S. C. TALKS WITH THE PIL- GRIMS IN BENARES …. 652 4. That the two paragraphs next above, *** giving the names of the owners, stockholdpTs, J. Chadwick Jackson and security holders, if any, contain not only Readers of The REVIEW will be glad the list of stockholders and security holders as to know that the contents of our A TYPICAL STATION IN they appear upon the books of the company monthly issues will be found indexed CHINA …………. , … 654 but also, in cases where the stockholder or in "The Reader's Guide to Periodical security holder appears upon the books of the Literature," published by the H. W. 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PEABODY, WOMEN'S HOME MISSION corporation has any interest dirC'ct or indirect Orlando, Fla. BULLETIN., .. , . . . . . . " .. 662 in the said stock, bonds, or other securities than as so stated by him. *** Edited by Anne Seesholtz DELAV AN L. PIERSON. We find THE REVIEW not only in- OUR WORLD-WIDE OUT- Editor and Business 1ianag-er. teresting but a valuable instrument LOOK., ……………. 665 in our study work and we are recom- Sworn to and subscribed before me this 28tJ, mending highly the China and Indian OUR MISSIONARY BOOKday of September, 1932, numbers, SHELF ……………. 676 [SEAL] MARGARET I. MARSTON, INDEX FOR 1932 ………. 679 EDITH ABER, Educational Secretary, Notary Public. National Council, Publication Office 40 S. Meridian St.. Indianapolis, My commission expires March 30, 1934. Protestant Episcopal Church. Indiana A Correction-General Chang'S Editorial and Business Office Testament 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Our attention has been called to an Entered as second-class matter at error on page 543 of our October Post-Office, Indianapolis, Ind., under number where a wrong translation is Act of March 3, 1879. given for the inscription on the Chinese Bible. This should read: "In the 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year 15th year of the Republic (1926). Under heaven there is no greater Foreign Postage 50 cents a year classic. Offered to you by Chang Chihchiang"; followed by the seal of Gen- Published monthly-All rights reserved eral Chang. The story of this distin- Copyrighted 1932 by the guished Chinese Christian appears, with his portrait, on pages 604 and MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- 605 of our November number. LISHING CO., INC.

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THE COMING GENERATION-YOUNG WOMEN AND CHILDREN

THE AMERICAN CHRISTIAN HOSPITAL IN MESHED.

HELPING THE lOOMING GENERATION-BOYS AND TEACHERS IN THE AMERICAN CHRISTIAN SCHOOL IN MESHED THE GROWTH OF A NEW CIVILIZATION IN PERSIA REVIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL RF;VIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 12 DECEMBER, 1932 Topics of the Times THE AIM OF MODERN MISSIONS statement, "is the good news of a Divine act i.n history, of the Word made flesh. Apart from thIS The central aim of missionary work is "the per- there is no Christian mission. In face of the sonal conversion of men to a new life in Christ, powerful anti-Christian forces operating in the to complete surrender to God and to new ~elations world today, we reaffirm our faith that the reveof love with their fellow-men." This statement lation of God in Christ is the only way of deliverwas issued by the International Missionary Coun- ance for mankind, and that alone can provide the cil at its meeting in Herrnhut, Germany, last July. foundation for an order of society that will be Representatives of twenty-five different nations according to the will of God." were present, including Christians from the mission fields, as well as representatives of mission Everything in the missionary activity of the boards in the West, so that the findings may be Protestant Church should serve the one dominant taken to represent evangelical missionary think- purpose of making clear the reality of Jesus ing around the world. All Christian missionary Christ and His full Message, with all its implicawork~educational, medical, industrial and liter- tions. ary-is recognized as subordinate to the central purpose of "making clear the message of Jesus The task is one, though the forms in which it Christ in all its fulness." must be carried to completion are many. "A liv- ing faith must show its effects and fruits in every The expansion of western civilization through- department of human life. We must not shrink out the world is disintegrating the traditional from an uncompromising protest against all that thought and customs among these backward is un-Christian in modern thought and life." peoples. Millions have scarcely the bare necessities of life, though God has provided an abundant Human powers are wholly inadequate for the supply. All are weary of international disputes, tasks before us. The Holy Spirit must inspire and racial hatreds, bitter controversies and communal empower us, enlightening our souls "with celestial strife. Men are increasingly rebellious against fire." economic schemes which tend to concentrate the wealth of the world in the hands of a few and to One of the many hindrances to the fulfilment of exploit the masses for private gain. The youth the distinctive missionary purpose is the disagreeof today are being captivated by theories and ment between the Gospel and modern conception programs which do not derive their force and of the nature and destiny of man. It is part of authority from the Gospel and yet are exercising the world mission of the Church to examine, in over the minds and conduct of men an influence the light of the Gospel, the whole system of values often more extended and more revolutionary than on which the economic order and civilization rest. the Christian Church. It is a time for true repentance and regeneration. The committee at Herrnhut recommended: The Christian Church must face this situation 1. That the officers of the Council continue to enlist the courageously. Our missionary task is to make help of the best Christian minds in the world mission known by word and by life God's revelation of Himself and of His Way of Life through Jesus of Christianity, with a view to a more direct and effec- Christ. Personal piety, good advice, modern philosophies and human programs of reform are tive attack on non-Christian principles of thought and not sufficient to meet the needs of the world. What Christians have to give, says the Herrnhut action in the modern world; 2. That encouragement be given to the formation of groups in the different countries for the study of the Christian Message in relation to non-Christian forces; 3. That steps be taken to enable outstanding Christian thinkers in Europe and America to visit the important fields to lecture on Christianity and to discuss these questions with small groups; 4. That we keep in view the possibility of providing in- creased facilities for members of the younger Churches, [627 ]

who possess the necessary initial equipment, to pursue parently ready to face ostracism and world-wide their studies in the West and so avail themselves of the antagonism rather than acknowledge her error best help that the older Churches can give. and to give up personal control of the State she has brought into being. As in the case of Ger- The responsibility for meeting the challenge of many before the World War, militarists, whether modern thought belongs to the Christian Church right or wrong, are accused of refusing to allow as a whole. Much of the work done in this field treaties and the court of world opinion to turn is being done by other agencies. Anti-Christian elements in western civilization are everywhere them from their course. penetrating the mission field and creating serious The Lytton Commission of the League of Naobstacles to the advance of the Gospel. tions, which has been studying the situation on It is hoped that from the direction of mission- the ground, has now published its report which ary thought to these questions, from international finds Japan at fault in her disregard for China's contacts between individuals and groups, and from sovereignty and for her disregard of treaty oblithe meeting of informal groups in which the help gations. The Lytton report is thorough, fair and of leading Christian thinkers is enlisted, there diplomatic, acknowledging the provocation to may result a growing clarification of thought Japan and the need for readjustments, while seekwhich God may use for the vitalization 9f the ing a peaceful settlement of the difficulties. Ten whole ,missionary movement. principles are laid down which, if accepted by the contestants, would promote peace and contribute As to the task of evangelism, there is an urgent to the welfare of China and Japan and the develcall to a bolder and more convincing presentation opment of Manchuria. These principles include of Christ and His Message. The world is in des- the following points: perate need of regeneration. Christ calls men to a complete conversion of the mind and to a radi- 1. Settlement compatible with the interests of both China cally new life. Our evangelistic task is so to pre- and Japan. sent Christ to men that they will be confronted with the necessity of a real decision. The Churches 2. Consideration for the interests of the Soviet Union. and missions must cooperate in a more earnest 3. Observance of the League of Nations covenant, Kelevangelistic endeavor. The Herrnhut statement says: logg-Briand pact and Nine-Power treaty. 4. Recognition of the rights and interests of Japan in Our aim is the personal conversion of men to a new life in Christ,' to complete surrender to God, and to new rela- Manchuria. tions of love with their fellow-men. From a true conver- 5. New treaties to restate the respective rights, intersion of heart and mind there must follow a new discernment of ways of living that are in accordance with the ests and responsibilities of both China and Japan in mind of Christ, and a new determination to wage war on Manchuria. the evils of society and to redress the wrongs of the world. 6. Provision for prompt settlement of minor disputes as they arise. We recommend that the National Christian Councils be 7. The Manchurian Government modified to acknowledge invited to undertake, and to encourage the Churches and the sovereignty of China, and secure a large measure missions in their areas to undertake, a fresh study of the of autonomy. methods of evangelism best suited for reaching different 8. Order in Manchuria maintained by gendarmerie, by classes of people; and that the officers of the International the withdrawal of other armed forces, and by non- Missionary Council include among their major tasks the aggression treaties. assisting and coordinating of such studies. 9. A new commercial treaty between China and Japan to promote equitable commercial relations between the This statement of the Primary Aim of Chris- two countries. tian Missions is especially timely in view of the 10. Temporary international cooperation in the reconrecent report of the Appraisal Commission of the struction of China. Laymen's Foreign Missionary Inquiry. The impartiality of this report is indicated by THE STORM CENTER IN ASIA the fact that both Japan and China consider it unsatisfactory. Japan declares that she will not War is caused generally by pride, covetousness, retreat from her position; China objects because ambition, misunderstandings and fear rather Manchuria is not returned to her unequivocally than by a spirit of active hostility and premedi- and she rejects the suggestion of international cotated aggression. Japan and China are both operation in her own national reconstruction. strong nations and should be friends but irritations have stirred up strife. Having entered on There is hope that Japan will yet be guided by a campaign to control Manchuria through a pup- wisdom rather than by pride and that some way pet government, japan is unwilling to retreat. The may be found to preserve her interests in a way opinion of the civilized world condemns Japan's compatible with justice to the Chinese and to the militaristic program in the newly formed state of welfare of Manchuria. In the meantime de- Manchukuo but the Japanese Government is ap- sultory fighting continues in the disputed terri- tory; Japan is expending huge sums which she can ill afford; her foreign trade has fallen off so that she faces bankruptcy; social unrest grows among her own people and international compli-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

cations threaten her life. The Japanese are a up and down the lines while airplanes buzz over- virile and a capable people and there are forces head looking for roving bands … I was told from working in the Empire for peace and interna- reliable sources that banditry is now a hundred tional justice that may yet make their influence times worse than it was under the old rule …

felt. If China can set her own house in order, The country outside the railway center is chaos her neighbors will be more eager to preserve … Militarism is not only wicked, it is stupid!"

friendly relations. There must be agreement be- FOREIGN STUDENTS IN AMERICA tween China and Japan before they can walk to- gether in peace. Over three thousand foreign students are in America each year expecting to return to their STANLEY JONES IN MANCHURIA home lands to fill positions of leadership in politi- cal, business, industrial and educational spheres. In the midst of civil warfare, Dr. E. Stanley Jones Most of these students represent the cream of the has conducted his first meetings in the China nations from which they come, though some are Evangelistic Campaign. In Mukden, "the center radical and undesirable. About one-third are of war-torn Manchuria," he found that the J ap- supported by their home governments and by anese had closed temporarily all schools and col- scholarships; another third come with money leges, except the mission schools. Many Chinese supplied by parents and friends. The remaining business men and foreigners had fled to escape third must depend on part-time and vacation emdanger and chaos. During a meeting to 'welcome ployment in America to meet expenses. Among Dr. Jones a Japanese airplane swooped low to these are the most earnest and desirable class. A investigate the nature of the gathering. Dr. Jones loss of opportunity to work their way will be a says: great handicap and may necessitate their return "One night seven hundred Manchukuo troops home. This will be a distinct set-back to the promutinied, killed their Japanese officers and burned motion of international understanding and goodthe arsenal and thirteen airplanes … Two nights will. later there was worse firing and some mission- In the present distress in America, due to unaries sat up all night with bullets whistling around employment, it has seemed to the Government their houses … Yet we carried on evangelistic officials in the Department of Labor that employmeetings during the day and night as though ment must first be provided for American citinothing were happening … The Chinese Chris- zens. According to a recent ruling by Secretary tians were wonderful in their poise. Many had Doak, foreign students, admitted on a non-quota come from bandit-infested regions and would basis, are forbidden to engage in any gainful emprobably lose all before getting back home, but ployment to help finance their education. This they carried on with cheerfulness and courage. ruling, no doubt due to the present unemployment … They laid their plans day by day for building situation, will, however, permit students to do odd this new Kingdom of God on the ruins of the old jobs in the houses where they live, but it prohibits kingdom. them from receiving wages for work which might "The morning meetings were for Christian give employment to American citizens. leaders who came from all over Manchuria. At Student leaders in many American institutions night the meetings were for non-Christians, affected by this ruling have sent protests to Secmostly intellectuals. The gates of the city were retary Doak quoting the objection of President closed at seven, so that many had to get through Livingston Farrand of Cornell that the ruling is the gates ·or remain outside all night. Yet they unfair, short-sighted and unwise. came and packed the building. When, after five Dr. Frederick B. Robinson, President of City nights of unfolding the meaning of the Gospel, I College, New York, says: asked those who would like to become Christians One of the most potent agencies for the promotion of to sign cards, two hundred and fifty did so. international understanding and good-will is the inter- "Conditions have changed in China since I was change of professors and students … To construe student here ten years ago. The soul of China has ma- part-time employment as labor, incompatible with the stu- tured. She is facing the deeper issues. The youth dents' privileges of study, is unwise and lacking in considare today most interested when one is dealing with the really great things of life. eration … The amount of work they can do is automati- cally limited by the requirements of the colleges them- "Japan is only very nominally holding Man- selves, and it is part of their educational experience. Its influence on our labor problem is negligible and the period churia as a whole. She controls only the railways of residence is limited … It is to be hoped that the law. and about 4,000 square miles out of 375,000 square will be interpreted broadly and generously.

miles of the country. Every railway station is Charles D. Hurrey, General Secretary of the like a fortress; camouflaged armored trains move Committee on Friendly Relations among Foreign

Students, writes to us as follows, on the influence Peking Union Medical College, they were warmly of Secretary Doak's ruling: welcomed at International House and at other functions in their honor. One of the greatest Students from the Orient (excepting Filipinos), and needs of these foreign students in America is that those from Europe, Africa and almost everywhere (ex- they be brought into close touch with Christian cept Latin America), are threatened with deportation if homes and institutions and be shown the best that they work for money wages. Those who arrived in the our land and people can offer. United States before August 1, 1932, are allowed to work in the college community in partial payment for room, THE REVIEW AND THE DEPRESSION meals and tuition-but not for dollars. They may also do such work in vacations but not for money. Companionship in trial is good for the soul. The present financial depression has not passed us by, All foreign students are required to carry at least twelve but has threatened the very existence of the hours per week of college work in an approved institution REVIEW. In spite of drastic cuts in expenses, and of higher learning. The Department of Labor will prob- the help of many noble friends, the expense and ably not deport any foreign student who maintains his income would not balance. We were determined student status even if he is earning some money by preach- to avoid going into debt. What could be done- ing, lecturing, writing, or other legitimate student work. slowly starve, die by hara kiri, or seek rejuvena- tion. It is difficult. to make a ruling that would be uniformly just. I am convinced, however, that our government is These are days of crisis in religious and mis- right in insisting that each foreign student shall satisfy sionary spheres, at home and abroad. The evanhis nearest United States Consul that he is coming here gelical and evangelistic note in Christian missions as a bona fide student and that he has sufficient financial needs to be emphasized rather than silenced. The resources to cover his expenses; also that no student should REVIEW stands firmly for Christ as the Son of be admitted from a country that stipulates that he cannot God and the Saviour of men and for New Testa- return to that country (as, for example, Armenians from ment faith and works. It is the organ, not of any Turkey, Greece or Syria, White Russians from France or sect or organization or group of organizations, Czechoslovakia). All foreign students should be urged to but of a cause-the greatest cause-that of winhold in reserve sufficient funds to cover minimum cost of ning all men to Christ and His Way of Life. Our return passage. Exceptions should be made for such for- reason for existence is to promote the Christian eign students as are in distress due to circumstances be- campaign, to spread the knowledge of Christ and yond their control, e.g., earthquake, revolution, and illness. to extend His control over the hearts and minds In all such cases the student should be required to give and lives of all races and nations. proof of the truth of his story, and, wherever possible, should earn his way out, rather than receive a charity The REVIEW should continue, but how? Many gift. Loans to foreign students are seldom repaid by them letters of appreciation recently received have and consequently promote an unfriendly feeling. Students strengthened the conviction of the Editor and should be required to present references (at least from two Directors that the voice of the REVIEW should not of their professors) so that one may inquire concerning be silenced: the character, ability and record, before deciding whether to grant help. In cases of threatened deportation, the After much careful study and prayer a way has government might parole students in care of some welfare providentially been opened to continue to serve agency which would assume responsibility for seeing that the cause without lowering the standards. After such students returned home within a given time. December first the publication office is being moved to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and the edi- There are many good reasons for welcoming torial office to Upper Montclair, New Jersey. The foreign students to America and for offering them REVIEW will continue as a world-wide, interdeevery facility for study under friendly conditions. nominational, independent monthly and the Board It seems, however, that tne American Government of Directors and editorial council will cooperate is justified in taking any steps necessary to pre- to make it as effective and as widely useful as vent these students from further increasing un- possible. If the circulation could be increased to employment. The law should be intelligently and 25,000 (less than one in a 1,000 of Protestant benevolently applied. church members in America) we believe that the financial problem of the REVIEW could be solved. Needy, diligent, desirable students should not It is as difficult to publish a worthwhile magazine be prevented from their studies. Such a ruling without financial support as it is to maintain a would have barred from the United States many family without food. The economic situation has of the best students of the past-such as Kagawa disturbed the financial balance sheet, but the spiof Japan, Paik of Korea and others from China, ritual resources are unimpaired. We thank God India, Latin America and Europe. and take courage for a new advance.

Many efforts are made to make incoming oriental and other foreign students feel at home in America. The Student Division of the National Council of the Y. M. C. A., the National Students' League and the Committee on Foreign Students .are very active in this respect. Recently when a party of seventeen Chinese students arrived in San Francisco, headed by Dr. Y. Y. Tsu, of the

by H. R

A FAMILIAR SCENE IN A PUNJAB VILLAGE. NORTH INDIA The Christmas Story In India .. =l{ By IRENE MASON HARPER. Moga, India ):..

Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., Since 1914 W HEN the occidental reader enjoys the the villages, that I have made note of some of familiar story of Jesus' birth, or any other the familiar village sights that illuminate the Bible story, he needs help of study and Christmas story. imagination to get a vivid picture. The children in America and England have never seen houses Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of like those in which the people of the Bible lived, Judaea in the days of Herod the King, behold, nor used lamps like theirs. In teaching these Wise-men from the East came to Jerusalem, saystories to American children we must therefore ing, Where is he that is born King of the Jews? provide pictures or take the class to a museum. for we saw his star in the East and are come to . worship him. MATT. 2 :1-2. Not so the Bible teacher in India. There the story is vivid, for its details are seen all around. There is nothing strange to the Indian mind in If the class dramatizes the Bible lesson, no change learned and wealthy men taking such a long of costume is necessary. In accessories and spirit journey for such a purpose. Pilgrimage is familthe story is oriental and hence familiar. This new iar. Religious men continually pass through the vividness of Bible narratives has given me so villages on theIr way to distant shrines. Some much pleasure during the years in my home in of them are seeking a spiritual boon, and will India, especially when I have spent Christmas in sacrifice much to perform some special act of worship. Those of the Hindu faith who are truly [631 ]

searching for God readily understand the quest of another, as representative of all, with great cerethe Wise-men. mony laid in her tiny hands two bright silver rupees. And they came into the house and saw the young child with Mary his mother. MATT. 2 :11. And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judaea, to the city of One day we went to see a baby five days old in David, which is called Bethlehem. LUKE 2 :4. the village of B–. Crossing the sun-baked space before the home, we elbowed aside the oxen We see many a picture of such a journey along and asses eating from the manger against the the rough paths of our district. Often we meet a house wall, stooped through the low door, and little company, a tall black-haired man, his long entered the one room of the little mud hut. When draperies swishing about his muscular legs as he our smarting eyes were a little used to the smoke walks, and behind, on a small donkey, the slight young wife, her soft head-drapery partly conceal- Photograph by H. R. Ferger. ing her face. Doubtless they are going back to INDIA ILLUSTRATING THE FLIGHT INTO EGYPT the ancestral village. All their luggage is a couple of brass vessels and a small bundle or two slung of the cooking fire, we could see against the across the donkey's back. Food for the journey shadowy background of the rough bare walls a is tied in the corner of the wife's shawl. lovely picture. The mother was seated on a low stool, her clothing, dull in color but gracefully And she brought forth her first born son and draped, shrouding herself and the tiny infant. laid him in a manger. LUKE 2 :7. The red glow of the charcoal fire shone on her face bent low above the child. In such a setting The boys and girls of our village would not shepherds and wise-men "came into the house," understand Luther's Cradle Hymn, and saw the Babe whose birth brought hope to the depressed and handicapped, like this wee "un- Away in a manger, touchable" in a Panjab village. No crib for his bed, And opening their treasures they offered unto The little Lord Jesus, him gifts. MATT. 2 :11. Laid down his sweet head, A common birth custom. I remember when a for the babies they know never have cribs or group of village Christians came to greet our dainty beds. They just lie on the floor or on a first-born. One old man took her· in his arms and cotton rug spread on the rope bed of the family. I never saw one lying in a manger, but the mangers are often the size and shape of a baby's crib!

And the glory of the Lord shone round about them. LUKE 2 :9.

What beautiful nights we have in our village! The stars always seem nearer and more brilliant than they do in America. As we sat on Christmas Eve, in the midst of a village Christian group, their happy, upturned faces lighted by those wonderful stars, I thought, "It must have been just such a night as this!" It seemed as if some of the glory of His coming shone around the people as their strange haunting melody rang out in the quiet night, "Raja Raja aya"-The King, the King has come.

Yes, the "old, old story" is easy for the village people of India to understand-if they hear it. "But how shall they hear without a preacher, and how shall they preach unless they be sent?"

Do Foreign Missions Pay?

One of the best answers ever given to this question was that· of the converted Brahmin, Narayan Sheshadri, before an audience in Philadelphia. His reply was to this effect: "This cultur~ audience convinces me that missions pay. Long after India had reached a high state of civilization, your ancestors were barbarous and degraded heathen. It was foreign missions in the early days of Christianity that lifted them out of this state, and gave them and you, their descendants, the Christian civi- lization and enlightenment you now enjoy. You owe what you are to foreign missions."

What has been done for us, Christ can and will do for others in "all the world."

NeW" Opportunities in NeW"

By R. E. HOFFMAN, M. D. j:..

Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, V. S. A.

T HE six years since the accession to the write, and they were chiefly the religious mullahs. throne of the present king, Reza Shah Pah- Now schools of modern type are multiplying, and lavi, have seen a rapid awakening of this the newly educated are hungrily devouring everyancient land which had lain so long dormant, thing in print: local newspapers, religious liter- apart from the rushing world. Modern trans- ature, novels translated from the French, Russian portation, modern schools and hospitals, modern and English, books on travel, lurid advertise- ways of living and a new patriotism under a pro- ments of automobiles and facial creams and pat- gressive ruler, are displacing the old isolation, ent medicines! There are schools for girls also, ancient Arabic learning, strict veiling of women, and literature for women is in demand. Those old corrupt dynasty and control for twelve cen- who can not read are eager to hear, and often one turies by the religious Mohammedan mullahs. man may be seen reading to a roomful of illiter- The rapidity of these changes has thrust forward ates who hang eagerly on every word. All teach- a host of new problems that are baffling to the re- ing in primary schools must be given in the Per- organized government, which deserves the sym- sian language; and this is further unifying the pathy and cooperation of all lovers of progress. nation by eliminating Turkish, Armenian, Kur- Certain features of the awakening are the follow- dish and other smaller tongues.

ing: For a hundred years Christian missionaries 1. Transportation has changed completely. have conducted schools in Persia and some of Motor roads are being built with feverish haste. these have grown to considerable size. These Wide, straight avenues are cutting their way schools are now found in ten principal cities. ruthlessly through the old cities, with their maze Their graduates hold many positions of leadership of narrow, winding alleys; sacred graveyards are in the government, and are of great value as being torn up and the gravestones used to build teachers in the public schools. Now their opporsidewalks. Telegraph and telephone, mail serv- tunity is greater than ever before for influencing ice by motor car and airplane have brought in a still more deeply and vitally the thinking of an flood of new interests. More Persians are visit- entire nation, not only in their classrooms but ing foreign lands and more foreigners are com- through religious, health and economic literature ing to Persia every year. A journey of 500 miles of a sound kind. The Russian Bolsheviks are used to require two weeks by carriage or nearly carrying on extensive· propaganda.

a month by caravan, but now takes but two days by automobile or four hours by airplane. Com- III. Great Social and Political Changes are munities were so widely isolated by deserts that taking place. Every Persian male subject must each lived its own provincial life, but have sud- wear the new Pahlavi cap, which has a visor, a denly been brought close together by the miracle thing always abhorrent to strict Mohammedans.

of modern transportation, and now this land of The turban is forbidden, except to a few with vast open spaces has become a nation! New written permits to wear it, who are engaged in ideas and new customs spread like wildfire. Fur- strictly religious study or work. There is increas- ther united by a common language and led by a ing freedom of women, many of whom are adopt- strong ruler for the achievement of a common ing European dress, attending school, traveling, destiny, this nation of only ten million people is becoming teachers and nurses, and taking an in- moving more rapidly than China or India with terest in public.affairs. A woman's auxiliary of their unwieldy hundreds of millions. the Society of the "Red Lion and Sun" (Persian Red Cross) was recently organized. Cinema II. Education is capturing the land. Twenty houses are springing up and showing Russian, years ago a mere 6 % of the people could read and German and American films-and the worst of [633 ]

these are the American wild west, gangster and ing that one need not wonder at the poverty. The other cheap films. The people are rapidly dividing economic value of human life and health is fully into two classes; those who can afford it are adopt- recognized by our own courts. Negligence coning western costumes and furniture, phonographs, tributing to injury or death is punishable by fine. stoves, pianos, private cars, liquors, tables and The Supreme Court of California granted $33,000 chairs, knives and forks; while those who are poor damages to 19 plaintiffs who had suffered from still hold on to the old, sitting on the floor, eating typhoid fever because of the bad water supply of with the fingers, riding on donkeys. Whether this the city of Pittsburg, California. Malaria was adoption of Western ways is a beneficial thing is one of the main reasons for the economic stagnaan academic question; the movement can not be tion of many southern states. The usual methchecked, and the American automobile is chiefly ods of screening, drainage and treatment emto blame. But it would seem that we ought to ployed by the Rockefeller Health Board cost 45 be friendly enough to point out to these learners cents to $1.00 per capita, and resulted in a comthe good, and warn against the evil, in the new plete economic change over large areas. Savings and dangerous things of our modern life. like this in Persia would increase the economic value of the individual citizen and accompanied The government is a limited monarchy. Mem- by health education, would enable him to live a bers of the Majliss (parliament) are elected by healthy life. If the lame, halt and blind could popular vote. Ministers and governors of the be rehabilitated instead of becoming beggars, if provinces are appointed by the Shah (king). Civil school children could have teeth attended to, eyes courts of justice have been established independ- refracted, and other defects corrected in their ent of the Mohammedan mujtahids (judges). early years, what a difference it would make in Extra-territoriality was abolished in 1927, and the public health and, very soon, in the standard foreigners must now be tried in the Persian of living! courts. The army has been modernized and is well drilled. There is compulsory military serv- In the old days of isolation, the minds of the ice of two years but students in recognized people were impervious to new teachings; the schools are exempt. The police are well organ- mullahs ruled the land and fanatically opposed all ized in all cities, and a system of road guards innovations. Ceremonial purity hopelessly conkeeps the highways safe for travel. New laws fused the health question; all running water was are legion, and whether they emanate from the pure; fatalism taught that every child must bring majliss, a minister or a local official they are im- out its smallpox, and 25 % of them died in the mediately enforced by the police so far as possi- process; disease was caused by the "evil eye," and ble. An effort is made to balance the national should be warded off by charms. Christianity budget, for the first time in centuries. was abhorred as standing for polytheism, the eat- ing of pork and drinking of wine, the wearing of IV. Poverty and disease go hand in hand. The European clothing, immorality of women (unveilpoverty of Persia is great. Probably 50 % of the ing), gambling, and war against Mohammedans. population have no assurance of tomorrow's In medicine the old "Hakims" (herb-doctors) bread, have insufficient clothing for the cold win- held the field. They attempted no surgery or ters, are unable to lay by anything for the fu- preventive medicine, but relied on herbs and diet. ture, and have nowhere to turn in illness or old age. The day laborer's wage is 15 to 40 cents, The new day has destroyed confidence in the old and there is much unemployment. The old feudal beliefs and made the people hungry for modern system grinds the peasants into the very soil. To medicine. I know several of the old Hakims who add to the difficulties, the national currency is on have sent their sons to Europe for medical educathe silver basis and has greatly depreciated re- tion. New hospitals are being built and old ones cently so that prices have gone up while wages improved so that in many cities very creditable have not. buildings and equipment are to be found. The Government Health Department is maintaining The ignorance of sanitary laws among the com- its doctors in all the cities of the land who report mon people is on a par with the poverty; in fact, epidemics, vaccinate the children for smallpox it is a chief cause of the poverty. There is no and supervise the health work of the place. The isolation of contagious diseases, no anti-tubercu- department regulates the practice of medicine, losis work, no popular sentiment supporting re- pharmacy and dentistry and is attempting to colform. Typhoid and typhus are endemic, malaria is prevalent, trachoma afflicts a large part of the lect vital statistics. population. There are so few doctors that 90 % of the ill never call a doctor at all. V. Americans in Persia, until recently, were our political representatives and the missiona- The economic waste from disease is so appall- ries. The American missionaries have worked

NEW OPPORTUNITIES IN NEW PERSIA

almost exclusively in the north for a century, other organizations interested in the welfare of and now number nearly one hundred, including mankind, who could carryon limited projects in seventeen well qualified physicians and seven cooperation with both the Persian Health Departgraduate trained nurses. Their hospitals and ment and the missionary hospitals. schools were the best in the land and the foreign doctor enjoyed a peculiar prestige. People come The present wave of patriotism is exalting hundreds of miles for treatment, and tales of the things Persian, and belittling everything foreign. wonderful cures fill the land. These hospitals Not only is American prestige sharing in this dehave large dispensaries and do much general sur- cline, but the wave of "Uncle Shylock" feeling gery. In the old days they could not do much from Europe can be felt even to Persia. Our health teaching, for no one would listen, yet they films are suggesting to the Persians that Amerihave done a little in the field of preventive medi- can life consists chiefly of cow-punching, rescuing cine. They promoted smallpox vaccination for abducted girls, gangster warfare and walking like many years, until it was taken over by the Health Charlie Chaplin. The newspapers help in this in- Department of the government. They adminis- forming about American life by featuring such tered American Red Cross relief in times of earth- things as Chicago gunmen, lynchings, crooks in government life, murder trials and violation of the prohibition amendment. It is certainly the duty of patriotic Americans to promote as many useful, sane American contacts as possible, if only to counteract the bad advertising of the cheap cinema and sensational newspaper.

From "Women and Missions." VI. Some Problems and Oppo'rtunities may be mentioned, fields where the new government A STREET SCENE IN MODERN PERSIA greatly needs help, and help of a sort which Americans are especially fitted to render. quake and famine; now the Persian Society of the Red Lion and Sun occupies this field. A colony 1. A complete health survey of the whole land of lepers at Meshed is supported by the Moham- would be of great value in the more intelligent medan Shrine, but is given medical treatment by planning of every health project. Such a survey the missionary doctors, aided by the American should be made at once. Mission to Lepers, all working in cooperation. Recently health lectures have been given through 2. Literature on a wide variety of health suba cooperative arrangement between the mission- j~cts is needed, and if it is high class and wisely ary doctors, the government Department of Edu- distributed would be read eagerly by the newly cation and some local Persian physicians. educated thousands; such literature is available in abundance in English, so that the problem Because of the new Health Department and So- would be largely one of careful selection, translaciety of the Red Lion and Sun and the increasing tion into Persian, printing, and distribution. number of modern trained doctors, these hospitals face a new situation. They must modify 3. Various kinds of workers should be trained. their program to be most helpful to the govern- Physicians in public health work; social service ment's program, and are studying ways to do this. workers; midwives; nurses; hospital technicians. Possibly they can profitably give their attention Each type of worker presents a peculiar problem. more and more to preventive medicine, health teaching and specific, limited fields of work, like 4. Projects in demonstrating the care of cercampaigns against certain diseases, such as tuber- tain specific disease types would be of large value culosis, venereal diseases or trachoma, and in the if wisely conduded; such as a project in the care training of various types of medical workers. The of children with "surgical" tuberculosis, the opportunity should be inviting also to certain blind, lepers-this is being done at Meshed.

5. A skilled and resourceful American phar- macist attached to one of the Presbyterian hos- pitals could render important help to all the mis- sionary hospitals in the preparation and purchase of supplies, and to the government program in promoting the use of native remedies instead of imported drugs.

6. In the realms of child welfare and social service are inviting opportunities to set in motion influences for the improvement of living condi- tions.

A Translator's Experiences in

By the REV. A. W. BANFIELD, Lagos, Nigeria West Africa Secretary for the British and Foreign Bible Society ~PERIOD of twenty-five years in the prime stracts all kinds of help, and surrounded by a. of one's life is a long time to spend on one group of interested native helpers, each doing his task. These years of toil will either make utmost to assist in the translation.

or break a man. They will either harden or mel- Such is a dream picture; the reality is quite dif- low him. They will either reduce him to a mere ferent. The translator is a missionary who sits machine, or give him a world vision. If this task behind a table, but with no stack of books, unless has to do with God and eter- he has entered into the labors nal things, the man cannot be of others. Instead of alert, in- the same at the end as at the How would you go about the terested natives, the missionary beginning. task of learning a strange must do his utmost to keep his To study the sayings of language never yet reduced teacher interested and awake.

Jesus Christ, word by word, to writing? How would you One day a missionary took a and His wonderful miracles, undertake to translate Chris- photograph of his teacher fast to examine carefully the his- tian truth into a heathen asleep. When shown the pic- tories and prophecies of the tongue? What words would ture, the teacher said he was "holy men of God who spake as you use for God, love, salva- not asleep, but was simply they were moved by the Holy tion, holiness if the people meditating. The missionary's Spirit," to catch something of into whose language you are burning desire to translate the the power and inspiration of translating the Bible ,have no Word of God may not be his the message of the Bible, to be words to express these ideas? teacher's desire, especially if it carried away by the greatness Mr. Banfield describes the ro- is a new field. In fact, the de- and sacredness of the task al- mance and realities of Bible sire to learn and translate a lotted, is to be rewarded a hun- translation in Africa. book into their language is dredfold for all the time and often misunderstood.

prayer and toil spent. The During my years of language past twenty-five years have been the most fruitful study, I never had a teacher who could understand and the most blessed years of my life. The task a word of English, or who could even read in his which I have completed has been my heart's great own language. Now after twenty-five years, I desire and the propelling power of my life. This have completed a translation of the entire Bible God-given ambition has taken complete possession into the Nupe language, spoken by half a million of me, and has never left me day or night. people in Nigeria. While engaged in this task, I During the first years of language study in also compiled and printed a dictionary of the lan- Nupe, one of the most difficult of intoned African guage in two volumes of over thirteen thousand languages, I laid aside everything that might dis- words, wrote a grammar of 186 pages; collected tract my thoughts and even set aside all other and published a book containing 623 Nupe pro- reading. For two years I never read a paper or verbs; besides preparing many primers, hymnals, book in English, with the exception of my Bible. catechisms, text books, etc. And all these years I literally spoke, thought and dreamed in the diffi- I was secretary of my Mission, I built five mission cult language I was studying. stations in five different centres, doing much of Generally one who reads that a portion of the this work with my own hands. At different times, Bible has been translated into an African lan- I lived in these stations and traveled extensively.

guage, knows little or nothing of the years of The following notes from my diaries indicate preparation and toil before the work is attempted. some of the circumstances under which the trans- Perhaps he pictures a missionary sitting at a table lation of the Bible was made. The very first behind a huge stack of books from which he ab- verses of the Bible were translated in a little [ 636 ] grass hut in Patigi in July, 1902, where I lived a point to take my books along with me. For infor more than a year. The last verses were com- stance, my diary shows that the book of Psalms pleted on board a ship off the West Coast of Africa was typed off in 1918 while I was a passenger on a in July, 1927. Experiences between these two French frigate for twenty-one days between Dadates would fill volumes. homey and the Congo.

I first came to Nigeria in 1901, as one of the During 1918, my typewriter, books and clothes, four pioneer members of the Sudan Interior Mis- in fact all my boxes, floated about for a day in a sion. While on board the ship traveling out to native canoe half-full of water, while traveling on the West Coast of Africa, the doctor told the the Congo River. During the same journey, when leader of our party that they would bury me in my life was in danger in a cannibal village, I left six months. Now I am the only one of that party all my loads by the roadside and ran for over a alive. Two were invalided home inside of eight- day. My loads were eventually brought in to me een months; the other member died on the field three days later by a company of soldiers. At an- other time, all my boxes were dropped in the sea in 1903. off Sekendi, on the West African Coast. I nar- St. John's Gospel was the first book to be trans- rowly escaped the experience myself. When I came on board and complained to the ship's caplated-first in picked sentences, which were read tain, his reply was: "Lucky dog you are on board to the laborers then at work on our mud houses, at all." and later on in picked chapters, used in the same way, and in our little grass chapel. Each portion of the Bible is written off by hand four times and read through at least fifteen times In 1906, at Patigi on the Niger River, seven before the book is completed. I usually make missionaries representing three societies formed seven copies when I type off a book. One copy is a Nupe .Language Conference, and I was asked to interleaved and circulated among the members of prepare a translation of the four Gospels in Nupe. the Nupe Language Conference, who make their These Gospels were translated in Shenga, and suggestions or alterations on the interleaved after being passed by the Nupe Conference, were sheets. This copy is often in circulation for a printed by the British and Foreign Bible Society period of three years or more before it comes in 1908. This book was a great boon to our mis- back. It is then revised, retyped, and prepared sion work and was used as a text book in our for the press. Five copies are sent out to five schools. The children soon read the four Gospels Nupe mission stations to be used in daily readthrough many times and begged for more books ings. The remaining copy is for my own use. in their language. The choice of book to be translated is based on The Acts was next translated, printed by the the urgent need of that particular book.. Primi- Bible Society in 1912. It is comparatively easy tive peoples dearly love the historical narrative of to translate the Story of Jesus as given in the the Bible. They have so much in common with Gospels, but it is quite a different matter to trans- these old writings; in fact, millions of them are late the doctrines of St. Paul or St. James. living today under conditions resembling those that existed in the days of Abraham. Slowly, a Christian vocabulary was coined and compiled. Suitable words were tried out and In 1909, a beginning was made of a translation adopted for faith, sin, heaven, righteousness, etc. of the Old Testament, remembering that the Many difficult religious words were held in abey- Christians in these parts are not content with ance, and substitutes used. Even now, after "half a Bible," as they call the New Testament, twenty-five years, some of these words are still in but insist on having the whole Word of God which, abeyance. they affirm, will bring them all the blessings of God. Genesis, Exodus, Joshua, Judges and Ruth So great was the demand for portions of the were translated in this order. In 1923, I made a Word of God that two illustrated volumes of 370 tour of four months, traveling over a thousand pages, one containing 58 Old Testament stories, miles into Nigeria. During one stage of this and the other 60 from the New Testament, were journey I spent seventeen days in a canoe, being published in 1914. These stories were told in the poled up the Benue River. I had my books with words of the Scriptures, so that later when the me and, while alone for days and days without entire Bible should appear there would be no dif- seeing another white person, I translated the book ference in them. At different intervals during of Nehemiah. I was able to understand this wonthese twenty-five years, one or other of the books derful man of God better in these few days than of the Old Testament was translated, typewritten ever before. Oh, for men like Nehemiah in these and circulated. days! In 1915, I was appointed Secretary for the Brit- The mosquitoes and flying insects were so nuish and Foreign Bible Society for West Africa, and my time was much taken up in traveling throughout this vast agency, but I always made it

merous and various during the daytime that I was house was struck by the lightning. I was able to compelled to put up my mosquito net inside the save some of my traveling kit, but lost more than canoe and sit under it in order to do any work at half of it, including the first forty chapters of the all. Outside my net at night the hum sounded book of Isaiah, and the Bible that I had carried like a band. I have traveled hundreds of days in with me more than half way across Africa. It canoes on these rivers, and slept on the sandbanks would have been a strange providence if I had at night, but I do not remember ever having be- perished in the fire, having been brought all the fore seen geese, ducks, teal, and other wild birds way back for burial to my first station which I in such great numbers on the sandbanks. There had built twenty years before to the day. The were thousands in a single flock, and we were able people said when they came to sympathize with to get so close to them that my canoemen threw us: "If God did not love you, you would never sticks at them hoping to kill a few in that way. have got out of that burning building alive." One night, while sleeping on a sandbank during full moon, a huge hippopotamus came up out of My diary shows that the book of Ezekiel was the river onto the bank where I was sleeping and started on board a ship and completed on the walked round my camp bed. After he had satis- Sahara Desert in 1927. At one place, I was held fied himself, he gave a terrific -snort and went up for two days waiting for a ferry to take me into the river again. It is commonly believed in across the Kaduna River, and at another I waited these parts that even a lion would not attack a four days for a treacherous mountain stream to person sleeping under a mosquito net. Perhaps subside before I could cross it. Those precious the animal thinks it is a trap. moments were turned to good account.

On another occasion during 1923 while travel- While I was traveling on a steamer to Sierra ing in the interior of Nigeria, I arrived at Patigi, Leone I deliberately left the last three verses of my first mission station, in order to do some trans- the last chapter of Malachi until I should return lation work with a Nupe missionary. Soon after to the Bible House in Lagos, and there in my own my arrival, a terrific tornado up-rooted over hallowed room, shut in with God, on my knees, I eighty trees close to the mission. The first flash completed the translation of the Old Testament. of lightning struck the grass-roofed house in which we were living and set it on fire. We were Few have been called to translate the Bible into both stunned and thrown to the ground, and lay a primitive language; and perhaps not more than there for some time. I revived and found my one such translator in a thousand has been grantfriend lying face down on the floor in the burn- ed the honor and responsibility of giving the ing building. I took him out and then went back Word of God to a nation in their own mother to try and save a few of my belongings. The tongue, at the same time coining and discovering large roof was thatched with dry grass, and in hundreds of Scriptural terms, thus greatly enricha minute or two was burning fiercely from end to ing the primitive language. As I look back on end. The roof fell in three minutes after the the past twenty-five years my heart says: "Bless the Lord 0 my soul, and all that is within me bless His Holy Name."

Son of a Moslem Chief Defends F,air Play By William A. Eddy, Formerly on the Sta ff of the American University, Cairo, Egypt Ali Saif en Nasr is the son of a wealthy, proud, and de- neighbors against intolerance and bigotry, pleading "live vout Moslem Chief in the Fayoum Oasis. When he came and let live". He was threatened with uplifted canes and to the American University at Cairo it was with the under- was taunted with being a Christian. He jumped to his standing on his part that he would not submit to Christian feet, proclaiming his name and family, known well to all, "propaganda". As no one noticed this chip on his shoulder and exlaimed: he soon forgot to carry it around. Are you animals to fight with your claws? Shame on you. Can- Four years passed, with Ali becoming increasingly ac- not our religion persuade of its own self? If not, let us be converted tive in dormitory social life, athletics, college activities in to anything that will make us gentlemen. I am a Moslem, but there general, till he became the student cheer leader and super is no use being a Moslem unless we can conduct ourselves with ordi.. "fan"-a prophet of sportsmanship. He had forgotten his nary Christia.n courtesy. hostile attitude and attended daily and Sunday chapel as a part of college life to which he was devoted. But he The speech was not very successful, and he barely eswould have said that the college had not affected his reli- caped assault. It is to be feared that his disgust and gion. wrath found expression in words that did not show a "Christian courtesy". But he had learned the lesson of One evening he wandered into a downtown mass-meeting Gamaliel: that truth must rule though the heavens fall. of 500 sheikhs of the Azhar-the fundamentalist senate No nominal Christian could have protested against that of Islam. There he listened to an impassioned declaration lynching spirit as earnestly and fearlessly as he did. An against Christianity followed by a clamour to persecute outsider cannot "argue" devoted men out of their religion. all converts to Christianity. As the air grew heavy with The light must come from without but the reform must imprecations and threats, Ali protested with his nearest come from within. Believers like Ali become friends of the Nazarene.

New- Hope for

..:{ By the REV. W. H. RAINEY, London ): ..

Secretary for Western and Northern Africa, British and Foreign Bible Society A £"".T. 2E3L,E19G3R1A) Mbegfirnosm: Madrid (dated May their exercise is permitted in private and in public, "Yesterday the Spanish without any restrictions whatsoever other than those required in the interests of public order. Government proclaimed liberty of con- science and worship." .This paragraph in a morn- Under the terms of Article 3, Spanish Evan- ing newspaper, sandwiched in between motor ac- gelical Churches are promised all the liberty they cidents and the latest murder mystery, is of suffi- need to carry out their divine mission. While cient importance to appear in established Churches h a v e large type at the top of the been allowed to remain open front page. under the Directorate Govern- Down through the ages a ment, restrictions have made spiritual elete of Spaniards any development of their · have suffered poverty and work impossible. In provin- exile, and some have gone cial towns and rural districts cheerfully to a fiery death, .every effort was made to that they might win for their crush the Protestant work country this liberty of con- out of existence.

science and the right to wor- The case of Senora Car- ship. Their sacrifice has not men Padin is well remem- been in vain. The long-suf- bered. She was condemned fer i n g Spanish Protestant to three years' imprisonment Church comes at last to real- for blasphemy because she de- ize the dream of evangelical clared that Jesus had broth- Christians throughout the ers and sisters. She was world. This government de- released, after serving a por- cree also removes a reproach tion of her sentence, only that liberal-minded Spaniards through the personal influ- have always felt keenly for ence of President Doumergue Spain has been in recent of France. Mr. Wurtz, a years the only country in young English mIsSIOnary, Europe, with the exception of was also condemned to seven Russia, that denied religious BALCONY WHERE FltLIPE II USED TO WATCH years' imprisonment for havliberty to its citizens. Never ing declared, during a funeral THE BURNING OF PROTESTANT was pen used for a nobler "HERETICS" service, that no priest can for- purpose than when the new give sins. He appealed and a President of the · Spanish Republic signed this verdict was given in his favor, possibly through decree. the influence of the British Ambassador who sent The exact text, which is composed of three ar- a personal representative to watch the case. Such ticles, is as follows: attempts to return to medireval forms of coercion were bound to fail and to discredit the cause they 1. Nobody shall be required to declare his religious were intended to strengthen. . beliefs in any official act, or in the exercise of any State function. No functionary, whether civil or It is a notable fact that the circulation of the religious, shall enquire into the religious beliefs Scriptures actually increased in Spain during the of his subordinates or of any person who shall dictatorship of General Primo de Rivera. This appear before him. was not due to any special facilities granted by 2. No person shall be obliged, whatever his position in that regime. Indeed., the colportage work of the the State, to take part in any religious feast, ceremony or service. Bible societies was only possible as a commercial, 3. All forms of worship and religion are authorized, and and not a religious, enterprise. Spanish law pro- [639 ]

hibits "Any public manifestation of any religion The declaration of religious liberty was re- other than that of the State," and there was con- ceived with immense enthusiasm throughout stant danger lest the authorities should insist on Spain. This very enthusiasm contains an element considering the circulation of the Scriptures as of danger. In the early days of the republic in Protestant propaganda. On one occasion, when France, people seemed to think that there was three provincial governors had prohibited the cir- something magic in the very word "liberty," and culation of the Scriptures in their districts, I went could not understand why injustice and inequality with Don Adolfo Araujo, the Superintendent in did not immediately flee away. The reaction re- Spain of the British and Foreign Bible Society, sulting from disillusionment threatened the very with a letter of recommendation from the British existence of the new regime. Perhaps Spain too expects too much from a mere change of system.

A monarchy can be progressive and democratic; a republic may in reality be a despotism. A promi- nent Spaniard said to me: "We would have pre- ferred to retain the monarchy for the stability it gives, if it had only been possible to make it dem- ocratic,-but a Bourbon never learns."

The full benefit of a republican form of gov- ernment can be experienced only when the people are politically conscious and educated; to adopt such a system with 60% of illiteracy is a hazard- ous undertaking. Some South American repub- lics were, however, in an even worse condition when they made the same experiment and they have won their way through turmoil to a place among the great nations of the world. Spain may do the same, but storms will almost cer- tainly be encountered before the ship of state rides safely under proper guidance.

As ignorance is the enemy of democracy, one of the principal planks in the new government's SENORA ARANJA. SUPERINTENDENT (RIGHT). IN THE program is a determination to make Spain lit- DOORWAY OF THE BIBLE DEPOT IN MADRID erate. Education has been obligatory since 1857 but the lack of teachers and buildings has pre- Ambassador and obtained an interview with Gen- vented the law from being enforced even in the eral Martinez Anido, the Minister of the Interior. larger towns. It is said that even if every school He.received us in a large hall surrounded by sol- building in Madrid were filled to the utmost ca- diers and functionaries, and after the usual cour- pacity, there would still be 40,000 children in the tesies, began the conversation by saying: "The city that could not be accommodated. In provin- King and I were talking about your Society this cial towns and rural districts conditions are in- morning and we are agreed that you sell false finitely worse.

Bibles." He then went on to speak unfavorably The Protestant Church in Spain has set a good of Protestants and Protestant propaganda. We example in educational matters. It is rare to were on dangerous ground and I hastened to re- find a church without a primary school connect- ply: "Your Excellency, we have not come to see ed with it, and in higher education the Porvenir you on a religious, but on a business matter. The College of the German Mission at Madrid, and Scriptures circulated by our Society are British the Escuela Modelo of the Methodist Episcopal merchandise and are protected by Article I of the Church at Alicante, are favorably known Treaty of Commerce between our respective coun- throughout the land. The percentage of illiter- tries. May we rely on you to continue to grant acy among Spanish Protestants is probably not us the protection guaranteed by this treaty?" The more than 5%.

result of the interview was that the Minister not At Madrid there is a Union Theological Semi- only confirmed the protection to which we had a nary under the direction of an evangelical inter- right but accepted a beautifully bound copy of the national committee. The standard of acceptance Bible that he had previously declared to be false. is high and the three years' course of instruc- Under the new Decree Protestant Christians will tion given is on a par with that of the smaller be able to carryon · colportage work under the seminaries of the United States and Europe. It banner of religion instead of commerce. would not be difficult to increase the number of

NEW HOPE FOR SPAIN

pupils (at present there are only seven) but evan- A BIBLE COLPORTER IN A MADRID MARKET gelical work is on a small scale in Spain and is not capable of absorbing more than this number away with the abuse, but not with the Christ who of graduates. Under the new liberal government so loved men that He gave His life to save them. the evangelical work will no doubt expand rapidly The Bible, too, must remain, for it is the only auand enable the seminary to enlarge. A highly thentic account of His life and teaching." trained ministry is essential if Protestant work is to prosper under modern enlightened condi- The miner bought a set of Gospels and many of his companions followed his example. tions. The revolution has been conducted so far almost The hope of Spain is not in any change (in a new form) of government, although this will help without bloodshed, a fact that reflects great credit to bring favorable conditions. Salvation for the on the government and people. The burning of Spaniards will come through the proclamation of convents and other ecclesiastical buildings was the Christ as He is revealed in the Gospels, free largely a protest against the hostile attitude from the superstitions with which men have veiled adopted towards the Republic by Mgr. Segura, the His divine personality. In the rediscovery of the Archbishop of Toledo, primate of Spain. The of- Saviour is to be found the solution of the probfending Archbishop has now fled to Rome, but lems that face the young Republic. The language the Pope is more concerned in obtaining a favor- and literature and people arouse our admiration able concordat with the new Republic than in re- and it is with keen interest and deep affection dressing grievances. There is danger lest extrem- that we see Spain embark on this great adventure ists, animated by communist ideals and possibly and offer her the hand of fellowship in a spirit of assisted by Soviet funds, should take advantage true equality and fraternity. of the unsettled condition of the country to forward their own interests. Any su~h propaganda would be particularly dangerous because of the ignorance of the 'Spanish working-classes and the low economic level on which they live. They have undoubtedly many legitimate grievances of a very serious nature, the removal of which is a part of the burden that the new government must assume. A considerable portion of the workingclass in Spain still looks to Moscow as a terrestrial paradise and among this class is a deep-rooted hostility to all forms of religion. But experience has shown us that even the Communist is frequently accessible to good influence when approached in the right way. One day a Spanish colporter entered a tavern in a mining town of Asturias and found himself in the midst of a group of miners who, judging by their conversation, were Communists. At first they would not listen when he offered them the New Testament. "Religion brutalizes people and must go," said one of them. Another replied: "The personality of Christ is not repulsive to me: indeed, just the contrary; but people have so abused his name that it now has a sinister ring about it."

"By all means," said the colporter, "let us do The Mission Hospital Speaks I stand by the side of a river I stand by the side of a current That carries its freight to the sea. That's deeper by far than the sea.

There's never a port of any sort And storm-beaten craft of every draft But sends her sons to me. Come in to be hea.led by m e.

To me from the ships on the river But some have more sin than fever, They come to be eased of their pain, And some have more grief than pain.

But when they at length regain their strength God help me make whole both body and soul They' ce off to the ships again. Before they go out again.

By Dr. Hyla, S. Watter8, Me1JwdiBt Gettm"dl Hoepital, W ..h… ChinG.

A Four;Year;Old

By MARIE G. EDWARDS, Hillah, Iraq Missionary of the United Mission in Mesopotamia A T Christmas time a friend sent us a Scrip- Ben has an Arab friend, a taxi-driver, named I".. ture wall-motto that read: "Whoso put- Mohammad Haidar. This man, who had some- teth his trust in the Lord shall be safe" times come to read the Bible with Mr. Edwards, (Prov. 29 :25). This was hung up in the nursery had become a good friend of little Ben and would at HiIIah, Iraq. Before many days our boy Ben- sometimes come to take him out for a little drive jamin, who had celebrated his fourth birthday in about town. When he was memorizing the last September, asked: verse of the First Psalm Ben asked: "What does that picture say, Mummy?" "Mother, will Mohammad perish?"

I read the verse to him and he inquired: Benjamin, if Mohammad believes in the Lord "What does that mean?" Jesus Christ he will not perish," I answered.

I explained the words to him as well as I could This conversation took place on a Saturday and when he had memorized them I rewarded him afternoon not .long before Easter, when Mr. Ed- by giving him a kran (about 10 cents). He was wards was away on tour. On Sunday afternoon delighted, put the coin in his bank, and asked to Mohammad called with a message from Mr. Ed- be taught another verse. So the work began. He wards, and asked if he might take the children seemed to enjoy memorizing Scripture, both in out for a little drive. So our maid went with Arabic and in English, and before long had memo- Ben, Albert and Peggy for the ride, while I rized the Lord's Prayer, the Twenty-third Psalm, stayed at home with David.

John 3 :16, Romans 6 :23, and several other pas- The maid, Katie, reported the conversation that sages. had followed when Ben climbed up in the front As he came each day for more, I was soon at seat next to Mohammad. Before they had gone a loss to know what would be best to teach him. more than a few yards, he asked: Mr. Edwards suggested that we start with the "Mohammad, why aren't you a Christian? Why F{rst Psalm, but I protested that it was too ab- don't you believe in the Lord Jesus?"

stract for a child of Benjamin's age to grasp. "I don't know, Ben, I have been thinking about Nevertheless I began to teach it to him, thinking it," was the answer.

that it would at least keep him busy until further Ben recited John 3 :16 in Arabic four or five work could be planned. As he learned a verse times as fervently as he could.

he always asked what it meant and I answered as "I think I shall have to come and read some best I could. When we reached the last verse of more with your father," said Mohammad.

the Psalm, "The Lord knoweth the way of the After they had driven on for some distance, righteous, but the way of the ungodly shall per- Ben said: ish," he asked: "The wages of sin is death, but the gift of God "Who are the ungodly? Who will perish ?" is eternal life through Jesus Christ, our Lord."

I reminded him of John 3 :16, which he had al- They drove on in silence. Again Ben broke the ready learned, and told him that whosoever be- silence by saying: lieveth in the Lord Jesus Christ shall be saved. "Whoso putteth his trust in the Lord shall be "Will those who do not believe perish?" safe."

I again reminded him that if we believe in the Mohammad turned to Katie and said: Lord Jesus Christ we will not perish but will be "That is a pretty good little missionary that is saved. so concerned about my soul."

There Is Healing in the Blood Blood has a most wonderful system of cleansing our dirty spots, of redeeming the body, curing it, creating new stuff in the body. When the apostie of Jesus Christ, John, meditated on the Blood of Jesus, that blood meant something fundamental to Christianity. Blood, though it does not appear on the surface of the body, is circulating everywhere inside. When hurt, blood goes to the injured place and revives and cures the wound. So with the love of Christ, and our sin. As blood cures the physical body so Christ cures our Toyohiko Kagawa. moral wounds. Christ's love revives us from spiritual death.

[642 ]

TVice Born

By the REV. CHARLES ERNEST SCOTT, D. D. Tsinan, Shantung Author of "China From Within", "Chinese Twice Born", Etc.

A WHITE LILY, rearing itself out of the muck firmly, refused. Daily he appeared in her pres- ence, brandishing a knife, and daily vowed that, .f"l…and without being soiled by the slime that if she did not recant, he would cut out her heart. Legally none could prevent him. To cut out hearts surrounds it, is a miracle. But it is a great- is not an infrequent thing in China. er miracle-if there are degrees in such-to see a soul born into gross heathenism, with all its sur- But to all curses and imprecations this timid rounding and interpenetrating defilement, yet and powerless girl steeled her heart, inflexible in through the work of the Holy Spirit, becoming a her determination to remain true to Christ at all new creation in Christ. Old things have passed costs. Then the husband decided to divorce heraway; all things have become new. This illus- again his legal right, but an unspeakable disgrace trates the thesis of Paul in his Epistle to the to a Chinese woman. Romans: "I am not ashamed of the Gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God unto salvation In that world of multitudinous villages, not only to everyone that believeth, to the Jew first and is a baby girl not welcome, the mother is disalso to the Greek." graced and the father is often angry. The only good can come through the girl's marriage so In many hundreds of Chinese villages, in the that she must be betrothed as soon as possible. great pivotal province of Shantung, North China, Her own family's responsibility for her ceases at with its 45,000,000 people, I have seen this state- the earliest possible date. She has no title to rement abundantly verified-many times among all spect until she is the mother of a son. This girlsorts and conditions of men, among aged women wife knew only too clearly the dire lot of a woman (called "stupid") ; among bright, though unedu- Who belongs to nobody. Many a concubine, when cated, village women, among women educated in her husband becomes a Christian, refuses to be the ancient classical Chinese learning, and among put away, because of the unspeakable fate of a women sent to the United States to be trained in woman having no roof to shelter her. Neverthe- Western culture. This tremendous spiritual fact less this brave little girl-wife remained true to remains true-Jesus Christ "is able, to do ex- Christ. She was a born-again-one. ceeding abundantly above all that we ask or think." The Nicodemus-Like Seeker From many experiences I would stake my life First generation Christians, in any village comon the truthfulness of this conviction. Here are munity, are apt to experience much testing, as the some proofs that surge into my memory, illustrat- result of leaving "the venerable customs," coning how God does the impossible, using the weak nected with idolatry and ancestor worship. This things of the world to confound the mighty, and testing can run the whole gamut from detestable making it possible for the "things that are not petty nagging in the household to the most serito bring to naught the things that are." ous persecution by village bullies and headmen. Daughters-in-law in families of heathen mothers- A Country School Girl in-law are tragic illustrations of this situation. She was trained in the village grammar school For Christian girls this is a living hell. None and later developed into a charming young sympathize with her determination to continue to woman, one of our efficient Christian village worship the living and the true God. It requires school teachers. She was betrothed in babyhood Christian fortitude to stand up, day after day, to a boor whom she never saw until in the mar- month in and month out, for years, against conriage ceremony, he lifted the heavy embroidered tumely, contempt and abuse. This testing of cloth from her head. She was up against a situ- faith is one phase of what the Christians call ation as difficult as the battering down with her "rubbing in the salt." fist the Great Wall of China. Her husband began to threaten her, trying to force her to give up her I remember a Christian girl who, in nobility of "foreign devil Jesus doctrine." She gently, but spirit, silently endured the curses and the scorn [643 ]

of her husband's family. At last, she began to crowd and see what Jesus does for your wife I"

come at night (when her mother-in-law knew it On going into the house I found the Christian not) to be strengthened by her lady missionary husband in an inner room on his knees, and agon- friend, seeking guidance and instruction in her izing as he prayed: "Oh, Lord, have mercy upon purpose to serve Christ. When asked the secret us all, miserable offenders I Help me to love these of her enduring strength she quoted the Lord's men; and move upon them, by thy Holy Spirit, to Words to Joshua, "I will be with thee; I will not cause them to repent of their sins I"

fail thee." Her faith was built on the rock of No hypocrite could act thus-especially when he God's Word. knew that men were not looking at him. No won- T:he Elder Who Endured der that the Christians of the group of villages, constituting the church to which he belonged, When a man becomes a Christian, the break elected him one of their elders I with the hateful past must be so complete that he inevitably draws upon himself the venom of the A Great Sinner Saved heathen. The hoary and degrading customs, blas- "Doth Job serve God for nought? . . . All that phemies against God, gambling and lawsuiting, a man hath will he give for his skin." This is cheating and reviling, concubinage and slavery, Satan's philosophy· of life as applied to humans.

ancestor-worship and witchcraft, superstition and He sardonically laughs at our weakness. The sel- demon-worship, adultery and geomancy, the fish heart cannot understand the spirit of love and power of the priests-all rise up to smite him, sacrifice. The Boxer ruffians, during the cata- without and within. One of my dearest Chinese clysm of 1900, cut open the hearts of Christians friends, who knew travail as well as bodily tor- to find the secret of their bravery and their spirit ture, said to me: "Please salute for me your of fidelity to the Jesus God whom they served.

Christian friends in America, and convey to them Browbeating plays a great part in the heathen this message: 'Be thankful that you have been world; by it men seek to accomplish many pur- born in a country where there are no idols; you poses, not least in trying to make those recant have not been defiled by them as have we; their who have come out boldly for the Lord Jesus.

defilement has gone into us, as dye into cloth I' " One day, during the invasion by the Southern When a man really makes a break with all this, armies, a division of soldiers entered the ancient as my friend did, he must be a born-again man. walled city where one of our largest country In the young church it is pathetic to find one chapels is located. These Southern invaders had Christian in a village, living in spiritual isola- cast out of their ranks the more radical commun- tion, often hated, and with none to comfort or ists but the mass of their ranks is still imbued understand. My friend was thoroughly depend- with anti-foreign and anti-Christian teachings.

able, faithful and lovable. . One of the officers of this army faced us in one One day, when making my round among the of the largest rooms of our chapel, and saw the villages, by pre-arrangement, I found that this big Gospel posters and pictures of parables and man was expecting me-so were the village bullies miracles and Scripture verses on the wall. He who had prepared a warm reception for us both. was much displeased and began to brow beat the The elder's wife was an unbeliever, a heathen. Chinese pastor and the evangelist, saying, "You As I arrived in front of the elder's house, these cannot be patriots and be Christians." Then he bullies snatched handfuls of peanuts off the pile proceeded in his ignorant hatred of Jesus to slash drying on the threshing floor in front of the these Bible pictures and verses. In order still fur- watchful old lady, and twitted her about being ther to terrorize the Christians, he ordered the married to a "deserter of the ancient religion." soldiers to use their bayonets to puncture and de- Thus they worked her up to a pitch of uncon- stroy them.

trollable fury, until, as she "reviled the street," At our protest the officers uttered one of their she was a terrible sight. Women, thus wrought favorite slogans: "We have no Saviour but Sun up, sometimes burst the blood vessels of their eye Yat Sen. There can be no other."

balls and are blind for life or become helpless in- They threatened our leaders with imprecations valids. This wife let flow a torrent of vitupera- and finally forbade them to believe in Jesus saying tive filth, like lava from a volcano. that Chinese were entirely mistaken in believing As I came in front of the door, the fast gather- in any foreign deity, that Jesus was a God only ing crowd parted for me to pass, and as I did so of the West and that Chinese should be true to the leaders jeered: "Ah, ha I see how the foreign- their own religions. Pounding his sword on the devil Jesus religion acts on its converts. See table with a resounding thwack, the leading offi- how sweet-tempered, how gentle, how meek cer said, "You men are wrong in receiving this and mild she is I Come out! old man; face the foreign devil religion."

MILLIONS TRAPPED AND IN PAIN

The little evangelist then did something so fense on helpless people. At the slightest crossbrave that only those who knew the circumstances ing of their will such soldiers will use their bayocould appreciate it. Without impudence, and in nets, or club those who oppose them. The Chrisa gentle tone, but with firmness, he said to the tians, standing about and praying, felt that a great military officer, "Brother, you are mistaken. I am a very great sinner, and I have found Jesus marked effect had been made upon the officers and to be a very great Saviour." men by the fidelity and bravery of this humble witness. This gentle evangelist gave himself diligently to the service of the Lord, preaching for years on a This was evident later when, at the suggestion pitifully small salary, which often made it neces- of this evangelist and local pastor, we gave a feast sary for him to eat hard and unpalatable fare. to this leading officer in the inner court of our Like many other Chinese, he was almost tooth- chapel. At that feast the evangelist explained the less. I inwardly chuckled as I saw how his eyes Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ and presented the shone, and his kindly smile revealed his new set officer with a New Testament, which he promised to read. In this and other crises this evangelist of store teeth. has proven himself a good soldier of the Lord The lawless soldiers are bold with a boldness Jesus.

of being armed and are able to commit any of- Millions Trapped and In Pain By A. WARBURTON DAVIDSON Hankow, China M UCH has been recently written about the lieved human pain and woe in this land. Sufferers suffering of animals caused by cruel are seen everywhere. Many dragging themselves methods of trapping. Often the poor through the dirty streets, seeming to belittle beasts endure long hours of agony in the traps. above the animal, but in reality men and women The thought of this has profoundly touched the like ourselves. When they can hobble along no longer they lie down and die in the dirt, neglected and shunned. Others spend weary days in pain in their dirty homes attended by ignorance. Neither night nor day bring relief. In these cruel times when deadly weapons have become so alarm- ingly common, it is impossible to estimate the number who suffer from gunshot wounds. Often they are left to groan and die in agony unless they are lucky enough to be near a hospital or a Christian missionary. The land is so big and the THE UNION HOSPITAL STRUCK BY THE FLOOD MAT SHED RELIEF HOSPITAL, NEAR HANKOW hearts of men and women, with the result that steps are being taken to end this needless suffering of animals.

As we sit here in the heart of China, we feel the inadequacy of the efforts to relieve the indescribable agony of millions of men, women and children in this distracted country. They are often trapped by circumstances over which they have no control, by ignorance, and, worst of all, by the cruel selfishness of their so-called rulers.

No pen can depict the enormous sum of unre-

population so enormous that even if the hospitals Chinese and foreign communities of Hankow. and missionaries were multiplied many times Undismayed by the flooding of their hospital, there would still be far too few. the doctors and staff put their whole strength into You can, in some measure, share all this suffer- the work of relieving the suffering caused by the ing _by imagining your own feelings when your flood. The full story of their self-sacrifice, the nearest and dearest is stricken by sudden pain in personal risks they bravely faced, and the service they rendered to humanity will never be known, BLACK HILLS REFUGEE MAT SHED ,CAMP but to those of us who are eye-witnesses it is at once an inspiration and a sacrament. The presthe dark hours of the night. Suppose there is no enceof human need and human pain sweep away telephone and no doctor within many days jour- all barriers of race or class. ney, what then? Even so you are still better off than the sufferers in China for you have a back- From the largest of the camps on the Yangtze ground of enlightenment, and many friendly a doctor recently wrote in the most casual way: neighbors are glad to come to your aid. Here, in "Professional duties prevented my getting home China, attended by superstition and the blackest for Christmas." Professional duties! But the ignorance, the sufferings of the patient are only motive power behind the work of mercy in these aggravated by advice. refugee camps is infinitely higher, deeper and wider than any mere language of convention can No feature of the life of this people touches us convey. While such lives are thus being lived in so deeply as this. No work so commends itself the sacrificial spirit of Jesus Christ no one need to our hearts and minds as that of the Christian lose hope for the future of the world. medical missionaries. These noble men and women give their lives for their patients, build Our present concern is for the renovation of the hospitals and train nurses for them, and in so Union Hospital, an institution of love and mercy doing are closely following in the footsteps of the which must be enabled to continue its good work. Great Physician, Jesus Christ. The new wing of the Women's Building and the Administrative block have suffered severely, and Since the terrible flood of 1931 the number of the nurses' dormitories, Chinese staff residences, sick and dying on the banks of the Yangtze has kitchens and servants' quarters must all be rebuilt, been greatly multiplied, and the doctors in the at a cost of not less than £6000. Wuhan cities have had to tackle the gigantic problem without the usual equipment. For months CHINESE AND FOREIGN MEDIOAL STAFF ON RELIEF WORK Union Hospital was under eighteen feet of water, making it impossible for work to be continued In the face of the present appalling human need even on the second floor. This was a great we must be possessed by the spirit expressed by catastrophe for the Union Hospital was the best Shelley: Central China has ever known; and its work of healing and training of healers is one that goes To defy power which seems omnipotent, to the root of the whole problem. The hospital To love and bear, to hope till hope creates buildings originally cost about $180,000 and were From its own wreck the thing it contemplates. brought into being by a union of The London Missionary Society and The Wesleyan Methodist Mis- It is hoped that many, like their Great Master, sionary Society. They were formally opened in will be touched with a feeling of compassion, and 1928, and since then the splendid work accom- will release the power of human sympathy and plished for the sick has been supported by the sacrificial love which will send the sum necessary to restart the Hankow Union Hospital on its noble work of healing and relieving human suffering.

China's Call for Christian

..:( By ELLIOTT 1. OSGOOD, M. D., Hiram, Ohio For Twenty-six Years Missionary at Chuchow, Anhwei N EARLY one hundred years have passed Missionaries have founded other medical since Dr. Peter Parker, sent out by the schools at strategic points through China which American Board of Commissioners of For- are so placed as to be reachable from all parts of eign Missions, opened a hospital for the treatment the country. The China Medical Board has sub- of eye diseases in South China. Through these sidized these schools, lifting them to high grade long years medicine has proven itself to be one of in work. The teaching is largely in Chinese, and the most potent keys for the unlocking of Chinese through these schools much of the medical litera- hearts to the claims of Christ. No group of ture has been translated.

missionaries has shown greater consecration, The University Hospital at the Drumtower in greater daring, greater devotion than have these Nanking is a fine example of a well equipped medi- doctors and nurses who, in imitation of Christ, cal center. In 1913 three hospitals in that city have followed the footsteps of Dr. Parker in heal- manned and financed by as many missions, united ing sick bodies and opening the eyes of blind souls. to form a medical department of the University of In 1915, when Christian medical work was at Nanking, and six missions now cooperate in the its high point, there were in China 383 doctors hospital work. It has a strong staff of foreign (277 men and 106 women) and 142 nurses work- and Chinese doctors and nurses. Their 1930 re- ing in 330 mission hospitals and 223 additional port showed 3,200 inpatients and over 40,000 dispensaries. They treated 104,000 inpatients and treatments given.

1,500,000 outpatients annually. In 1890 the China Medical Association was organized and since then national conventions have been held every two or three years and the "China Medical Journal" has been published.

Beginning with small dispensaries and poorly equipped hospitals, these medical missionaries have widely expanded their ministry. They now have a half dozen or more medical schools of Class A grade; a goodly number of splendidly equipped union medical centers; a Council of Health Educa- tion; nurses training schools, and about 150 small hospitals scattered through the country. They have found time to produce in Chinese a medical A HOSPITAL AT BATANG. WEST CHINA. BUILT BY DR. SHELTON dictionary with more than 15,000 technical terms, and have translated a goodly number of books on medicine, surgery and allied subjects. This University Hospital, although seized by The greatest medical school in China, and one the Army Medical Corps when the communists of the greatest medical institutions in the world, took that city in 1927, was a year later returned is the Peking Union Medical School, established to its missionary staff through the influence of through the China Medical Board, a branch of the Madame Kiang Kai-shek.

Rockefeller Foundation. This school has four de- But it is, we believe, in the small missionary partments: the Medical School, the Hospital, a hospitals, scattered widely through the provinces Research Institution and a Training School for of China, that the· medical missionaries find their Nurses. Owing to the paucity of medical litera- richest joy. Here is given opportunities to be- ture in the Chinese language, the teaching at Pek- come real "doctors of the old school." Here one ing is in English. Only students of the highest comes into the closest contact with the people.

scholastic grade are admitted. The money put into these mission hospitals has [647 ]

varied from a few thousands to perhaps fifty thou- condyles of the femur. We had neither absorbent sands of dollars. Too often the doctors have been cotton, nor could there be found even clean cot- oppressed by the burden of poor equipment but ton. From an old padded quilt was brought a they have ministered effectively to untold num- handful of dirt filled cotton. We had to boil it, bers of needy people. dirt and all, before it could be used to cover the Many cases which present themselves to the wounded surfaces. From a strawstack we pulled clinics are simple to handle. The patients have clean straw and stiffened its straight lines with not learned that dirt is the cause of most of their small bamboos. With this we bound and stiffened troubles. School children come with bodies cov- the leg so that it would not be injured by the han- ered with itch. Women enter with swollen jaws dling of those who carried him in a crude from decayed and abscessed teeth. There are the stretcher to the hospital.

innumerable boils and abscesses. Farmers come To homes of men of education and culture we with great sores on their legs aggravated by wad- have been called. In one we found a woman who ing in the rice fields and from the black plasters had swallowed a coin which had lodged in her they stick over the sores. There are eyes going esophagus. When we sought to explain to the blind with conjunctival ulcers and trachoma. husband what must be done he said, "Do what you Multitudes come who are dying with pernicious think wise, Doctor. We men have confidence· in malaria. you but you cannot explain anything to our women. They are so idiotic." A few years later this same man, after seeing what we could do in our mission girls school, experimented on his own daughter and found her mind as keen as those of his nephews. When later his wife bore him a son he came asking how we saved babies. Humbly he sat with a missionary mother as she told him of the simple but necessary things in the caring for babies. He went back home and taught his wife, with the result that he now has two healthy grown sons.

Men who would otherwise not listen to the Gos- pel will come miles to the hospital for healing. A common laborer, deadly sick with pernicious ma- A PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL AT HWAI YUEN. ANHWEI laria, got as far as the hospital gate only to sink into unconsciousness. There the doctor found him Not all of the cases, however, are as simple as and brought him back to life and health. In the these. In the beginning of our own clinical work later war days that same man risked his own -when we had no hospital, no operating room, no life to save the doctor and his family.

assistants except the personal teacher who was China is calling for consecrated Christian doc- initiating us into the mysteries of the Chinese tors and nurses, who are endowed with talent and language-some farmer friends brought in a boy, tact. Among China's four hundred millions of upon whose hand was an immense sarcoma. At people there are still less than 2,500 modern edu- their insistence, but doubting the wisdom of the cated doctors, Chinese and foreign together. Doc- act, we amputated the hand of the boy, the Chi- tors are needed who will teach them how to keep nese teacher having offered to aid in the giving of healthy, how to live; men to man more medical the anesthetic. God, with His healing mercy, was schools, to go on with translating and producing with us for the arm healed by first intention. medical and health literature, men and women Often we have been called to mud walled and who willingly go into the homes of the rich and thatched roofed homes in the darkness of the the huts of the poor in this healing ministry; night where ignorant midwives had done their nurses whose trained fingers are like those of the worst. By the light of a hanging lantern we have Master when He laid His hands upon the leper put the exhausted and torn mother to sleep and and upon the pain-racked bodies. Educated, cul- with instruments saved her when we could not tured, consecrated men and women are needed save an already dead babe. who will forget self as they face contagions and Out upon the trails we have been called on to epidemics; and who will forget their Occidental save many opium suicides. There we have lanced background so that they can enter into the most abscesses and pulled teeth. Not always could we sympathetic understanding with these Orientals be equipped for the emergencies which arose. who are desperately struggling toward that which Once a man accidentally shot himself through the only Christ can give them.

Success in Madagascar?

By W. KENDALL GALE, Anjozorobe, Madagascar ):- Provo de Tananarive I WISH that it were possible to write of Mada- affection for its moral teachings-the good being gascar Christianity in the glowing terms with the enemy of the best. My mature, unjaundiced which Stanley Jones can write of Christianity opinion about the Malagasy is, that his character in India. The problem in Madagascar is the char- is painfully unreliable; you scarcely bow when acter of the Malagasy; apart from this all other to believe him; you can rarely depend upon his hindrances to progress are just difficulties and not word, for either he is going far beyond the facts, problems at all. From what- or else he is concealing the real ever point of view you consider truth (almost by for c e of this great Island, whether com- The story of Christian Mis- habit) . You listen respectfully mercially, governmentally, edu- sions in Madagascar is one of and sympathetically, only to cationally, or religiously, the the miracles of modern mis- find that he has been decoying crux of the matter is the Mala- sions. It is a story of coura- you from the nest where the gasy himself. I can admit com- geous pioneering, of intense eggs or the young are. There mercial, educational, govern- hardship, of patient endur- is scarcely a day when I do not mental progress apart from ance, of prayer and sacrifice. hate myself for being suspi- character-but Christian prog- Then came the harvest-fol- cious of the Malagasy, but any ress? It is here only that one lowed by fierce persecution other attitude would lead the is doubtful about progress in and cruel death. But the missionary into positions hu- Madagascar. Church emerged tested and miliating and almost inextri- My twenty years in Mada- purified. Large churches were cable. In politeness the Mala- gascar have been spent among built and new harvests were gasy is the suave gentleman; in the Hova, the Bezanozano, the gathered. Then came the spite he is a demon. In hospi- Anativolo, the Sihanaka (a lit- French: what is the situation tality he is generous and gra- tie), and the Marofotsy tribes. today? Read and pray for cious; in retaliation he is ir- Of the other tribes I have only the Malagasy Christians. reconcilable.

superficial k now led g e, but The Malagasy I have met in twenty years in intimate touch twenty years who could be with the five peoples named ought to have given trusted with money can be counted on my thumbs.

one convictions about the native mind and char- It is a rare thing to find a native who has a duty- acter, and have a measure of correctness. Frank- conscience. A pastor may quit his church and ly, the Malagasy character is distressingly dis- people for any length of time, leaving them ut- appointing. I am not speaking through a larynx terly without leadership or Gospel, and that with- soured with bile; I am not out to malign anyone, out acquainting them or the missionary, and have but-the Malagasy character is distressingly dis- not a qualm of conscience. A teacher will also appointing. It is one of extraordinary complexity close down his school in the same inconsequential and inconsistency. manner. A given task and an obvious duty requir- The progress of the Kingdom of God in Mada- ing haste may be shelved for months, or thrust gascar is not hindered by the gross ignorance and out of the mind altogether.

dullness of the Malagasy, for the native is a keen Let me give one instance. The Roman Catho- business man, intelligent, alert, and even mentally lics, with a determination and an aggressiveness exceptional. Neither is it hindered by meanness, we can only commend, are making a tremendous for they are extremely liberal. Nor is progress effort to win Madagascar. That has to be met thwarted by stubborn unwillingness to listen to with a like industry on our part, and so, in April, the Gospel, or by the possession of a non-Chris- I started out on a six-months' tour of the Maro- tian religion which has some claim to esteem and fotsy country, to cover the whole area occupied [649 ]

by that tribe. The raw heathen out yonder is sionary society in Madagascar, began its work on neither Protestant nor Catholic. On May 23rd the coast in 1818 and in the capital in 1820, toil- I discovered three villages totally without means ing alone until after the great persecution, which of worship. Two I visited, broaching the matter ended with the death of the savage Queen Rajava- of commencing worship, passing on the same day lona I in 1861. The Friends, Anglicans, Roman to a village where I have a church and school. Catholics, European and American Norwegians Realizing the urgency of the case and the moral followed. The last in the field were la Mission de need of the people, I commissioned the pastor at Paris, which only took up work in Madagascar Maroadabokely to visit these three villages, get after the French occupation in 1895. A few years their signatures to a petition, send it off to the ago the Adventists invaded Madagascar.

government, and open worship. He agreed to go Union work in the capital has been established the following Thursday-not a great distance, in five directions: only two hours away. I returned to these villages (a) The Friends and the L. M. S. have joined on August 23rd, three months later, to join in forces at the Ambohipotsy Theological College.

worship with them, to encourage them, only to (b) The Friends, la Mission de Paris and the find that the pastor had never been near the place. L. M. S., together with the churches under their There js· Ito difficulty in opening churches in care, are united in the work and support of the Madagascar; I alone have started more than 200 Isan-Enim-Bolana, the native missionary society in villages where Christ had never been wor- which has extensive toil in the interior, organ- shipped. We can get new causes going; we can ized and directed from the capital. It supports put up church buildings; we can get money; we 30 native workers in the regions beyond.

can get crowds; what we have not as yet is a (c) Paul Minault School for the sons of wealth- character which is socially reliable, morally re- ier and more intelligent Malagasy, providing a su- liable, or even reliable in any particular, much less perior education for those who may be expected spiritually beautiful. That does not mean that to lead the next generation, unites the seven Prot- Christ has failed in Madagascar; it means that estant bodies laboring in Madagascar.

the Gospel has to deal with a character most seri- (d) The Foyer, the name given to the Y. M. C.

ously difficult, compared with which dense ignor- A. work in Tananarive, is generously supported ance and evil-living are almost trifles. The Mala- by all the Protestant societies, each contributing gasy character is not criminally bad, nor morally money, service, ideas.

detestable, it is twisty to exasperation, unreliable (e) The Inter-Missionary Committee, similar to desperation, slippery rather than slimy. It is to those which exist in China, and India, and else- not a weak character, nor filthy beyond what you where, has been fruitful in arresting abuses, and would expect; we have not to deal with a stupid in winning concessions from a government which people like the Australian aborigines. In a word: might not have conceded had a less powerful body the Malagasy is crooked rather than ignorantly demanded them.

irresponsible. If I mistake not, the crook is also In each of the above the Malagasy predomi- the problem in the west. Christ has captured the nate on committees; they are not dominated by imagination of the Malagasy but not his heart, Europeans.

has touched his admiration but not his conduct. Each society laboring in the capital has mag- The Indian is incorrigibly religious-according to nificent institutional work, such as Boys' and Stanley Jones;. the Malagasy is incorrigibly Girls' Homes, Boys' and Girls' Schools, industrial twisty. departments, printing presses, Bible and book de- This fact has to be taken into account in esti- pots, Normal schools to prepare boys and girls mating the success or failure of the Gospel in for the teacher's brevet. Not less than a dozen Madagascar. In the matter of extension, we in definitely religious journals are poured out of the this district have a great story to tell and it is various mission presses in Tananarive, some the same throughout the Island. Religion in Mad- weeklies, some monthlies, and some two-month- agascar is an abounding success; the progress of lies. It is almost impossible to estimate the Christianity in Madagascar is somewhat doubt- amount of really valuable and indispensable serv- ful. Talk to any Malagasy about this or that na- ice the various Protestant societies are rendering tional defect and he will at once admit it-the en- the capital, and through it the whole Island. Both tire population would admit it-but set about al- in quality and quantity this is gigantic; remove tering it, seeking a change of heart· personally or it suddenly and there would be a vast and catas- nationally, no! The common excuse is: "I am trophic collapse morally.

only a human being, therefore what can you ex- In the country, Imerina, the central province pect?" In spite of all I am still an optimist. in Madagascar, are churched from end to end.

The London Missionary Society, the parent mis- From the summit of the hill on which the ancient

WHAT SUCCESS IN MADAGASCAR?

palace stands, you can count 119 L. M. S. churches tion school, etc. At this station there is a pastoral alone-the hill named Manjakamiadana in Tanan- school, a Boys' Home, a station school, a huge arive; In the Bezanozano country as recently as workshop under the charge of a European, where 1913 there were only eleven churches; today there various trades are taught, medical work, book are sixty-six. In the Anativolo tribe there are shop. At other stations there are leper asylums. now twenty-five churches, where there were only a scattered half-dozen a decade ago, and thirteen Christian work in Madgascar is magnificently schools where there were but two, so small as to staffed and organized; it throbs with energy and accommodate but twenty-six and twenty-eight enthusiasm. Alas that so much of its energy and scholars respectively. Among the dark, sad sav- enthusiasm should be neutralized by a character age Marofotsy tribe, there are one hundred and that is unstable, wriggly, unsatisfactory, undethree churches, where twenty years ago there was pendable. This we are endeavoring to combat by not a single miniature Bethel radiating even a a very extensive house-to-house visitation, a deep, glow-worm's feeble point of light; even ten years serious, earnest attempt to win adher~nts for ago there were only six churches. Christ, and to win communicants from a slack During my twenty-two years in Madagascar, the L. M. S. has established new stations at An- attachment to the Saviour-a loose, nerveless dejozorobe, Omerimandroso, and Mandritsara. votion-to a surrender that is absolute and final. Othersocieties have also established new stations in the interior and on the coast. The Friends have We have the institutions; we have the means; settled two men on the west coast at Maintirano. (the sum to send our native delegate to the J eru- Each mission station is a. colony of industry and industries. At Imerimandroso there are three salem Conference was over-subscribed in a few European missionaries, a seminary, hostel, hos- days), we have the crowds, but so far Simon has pital, with capable native doctor and staff, a sta- not become Peter, John Mark does not satisfy Paul. At present the Malagasy is still exasperat- ing in his unreliability. But "the crooked skall be made straight."

A Letter from Colcord, West Virginia During our annual School of Missions at the Pattie C. edge of Christ as their personal Saviour. One man with whom we had worked and prayed for two years made a Stockdale School in West Virginia some of our young peo- ple dedicated their lives to full time service. Shortly profession but found no peace. One night he said, "I have something to make right. If I live till tomorrow afterward four men came to offer themselves for any work that they could do. They were too old and too untutored night I will stand with the Christians." The next night his face was radiant. The last drop of liquor had been for missionary work and they had their families to sup- thrown out of his house and he and his wife testified to a port, but they wanted to be winners of souls. A consecra- joy which they had never known before. . tion service was held and these men pledged themselves There is great destitution in our valley. Whole families to conduct Sunday schools, hold prayer meetings, or do definite personal work at any hour of the night that they have not a pair of shoes in the house and cold weather might be needed. It was a scene never to be forgotten is here. Many children are out of school because of lack of clothing. Yet there is a beautiful spirit of gratitude. when they knelt and each prayed the Lord to take his On a recent trip up-the-river we stopped at four places. life and use it. At the first we were given a sweet potato pumpkin, large Two years ago these men were intemperate and profane. enough to make pies for our family of fifty. It had been Now the voice of prayer is heard in their homes, instead saved for us for several days. At the second house the rheumatic old woman went out and got us cabbages from of cursing. One of the men a year ago came to service so drunk that he said he was not fit to come inside. In an her meager store. In the third home the children brought hour he was sober and was marvelously converted that chestnuts that had been hidden away in the trunk till we very day. Another testifies to having been saved from a should come. The next offering was brought by a woman .drunkard's and a gambler's grave. Of a third his wife whom we had befriended. A daughter of this woman had said, "His religion is real. He hasn't hit me once, hasn't been stabbed by' a drunken man as she was entering the old log church for meeting. They sent six miles up the cussed once, and hasn't been drunk once since he was converted. We have family prayer every day." river and six miles down for medical help, but couhi get no doctor. We took her twenty miles '1;0 a doctor who dressed These men are now carrying the burden of souls in their her wound. Since then we are made welcome to all they communities. All are holding prayer meetings from two have. We hesitate to accept these things when our people to six nights in the week. All four are in charge of Sun- have so little but we want them to learn the joy of day schools in remote and previously neglected parts of giving. the field. One has lately become an elder in our little church and is preaching once a month in each of four For some time we have not had Bible reading in the public schools in this valley, but a new board is changing up-the-river fields. Without these men it would be impossible to carry on our ten Sunday schools and fourteen policies and again we are planting the Word of God in prayer meetings each week. For years we have prayed for Christian homes and native leadership on this field. the hearts of the school children. How they love it! We want to thank all who have shared in the work Now we thank the Lord for the answer to that prayer. Last summer we were blessed with the finest student here by gift of life or gold or prayer. The work has been greatly blessed, doors have been opened, friends have helpers we have ever had. We were able to reach all of been made, souls saved and lives and homes transformed. our ten fields by six Vacation Bible Schools. Evangelistic meetings in three out-stations brought several to a knowl- ANNE BELLE STEWART.

With the Pilgrims In

··:(1"'". . . . –=B""'Y""'T=h=e""'R""'E""'V….'''J.'''C'''H'''A'''''D=W=I'''C=K=J'''A=C'''K=S=O'''N–=–=–:11» W HAT do devout Hindus pray for today? "At the first dip I say 'MATAH. VARCHASTWAM An old pilgrim, after the long pilgrimage DEHl' (Give me love to the Mother (land». from Cape Comorin to Baddnath in the "Second, 'VIDWATWAM DEHI' (Give no knowl- Himalayan Mountains, has been staying for edge).

months .in Benares. "Third, 'BRAHMANATWAM DEHI' (Give me (to "You spend hours every ~y in prayer and be) a true Brahmin).

meditation," I said to him. "F 0 u r t h, 'VISHWABANDHAT- "What do you ask for?" WAM DEHI' (Give me universal "I rise at three in the morn- brotherly love) .

ing," he replied, "and carefully "Fifth, 'SARVABHUTADAYAMA- prepare my prayer seat, as en- YATWAM DEHI' (Give me a merci- joined in the Gita, in a pure ful disposition towards all created place-not too high, not too low, things) ."

secure from any interruption; It is suggestive that the old no one to disturb. I meditate pilgrim and the young student and pray until eight o'clock. both put the motherland first.

411 have three periods. First, *** after realizing the presence of Paramanand Paribrajak. The God, I send out the prayer in a word paribrajak means a wan- stream of petitions (forgive me dering sadhu. Our first sight of for mentioning it to you, but you Paramanand was on a spring will understand) 'Lord, remove morning in 1930. We were trav- the (foreign) yoke.' eling by motor from Benares to "Second, I pray: 'Lord, help J aunpur, a 35-mile journey. Five all those who strive for good in miles out from Benares we over- the universe-Sadhus, devotees, took a tall young sadhu, in clean, who thus seek good and do good newly dyed sadhu dress, with for themselves. (The Com- very thoughtful, spiritual face.

munion of Saints.) We offered him a lift, for as far "Third, I pray FOR THOSE WHO as he would be going out our way, DO NOT SEEK GOOD, THE FALLEN, and he gratefully accepted, saying THE SINFUL, THE SUFFERING. This ONCE A HINDU-NOW A CHRISTIAN he had a long pilgrimage before must lead to service for them as him-the railway carriages were opportunity offers. For instance, sick persons no longer free to sadhus since the "crew" system come to me when I am through with my medita- had been started, so he was compelled to walk.

tion; no one dare disturb me till I have finished. He had been resident for some time in Benares, They a.sk for my blessing and 1 give it, but not studying Sanskrit, and he was now bound for without cost to myself. They go away bettered, Badrinath in the far away Himalayas, visiting but something of their weakness seems to cleave sacred places and monasteries on the way, and to me." *** hoping to come into contact with holy men and to learn from them. He was with us for an hour I saw a young Brahmin Sanskrit student, and in the motor, and we were charmed with his spirit asked: and pleased with his conversation. On setting him down we gave him a copy of the Gospel "You bathe in the Ganges every .morning and pray or recite mantras as you do so. What do you set before you as a purpose at that time ?" and a card bearing our Benares address, invit- "I dip five separate times in the Ganges," he ing him to call on us if he should come to Benares replied, "repeating five mantras as I do so." at any time.

[652 ] Eighteen months later the card, still clean, was " 'You must first take a few draws,' he said.

presented by him at our house, and he became a "No intoxicant has ever passed my lips, and guest in our Ashram. He now tells his own story my vow forbids smoking," I answered. "'If you in Hindi, which I translate: don't first smoke,' he said, 'I will not accept it "My father and my two brothers were all in at your hands.'''

the military; I went from place to place with "This meant that he expected obedience, or he them, getting my education up to the 9th class would not keep me as his disciple. I was deter- in various schools. I formed the habit of going mined not to start this bad habit against which into solitude to think about the search for God, the two men had warned me. So there and then, and exposed myself fasting in the great heat- disappointed and alone, I left him. I took the long that was a rainless year. I fell very ill with a journey over the mountain passes and along the constant passing of blood and was in the hospi- sacred rivers to Badrinath.

tal for six days. I .often thought of conversing "On coming back I found my way to Fyzabad, with missionaries or Christians, but my Brahmin where I found one worthy to become my Guru pride prevented me, as my training had caused (teacher) . He sat near his house which was me to regard association with them as a defile- spotlessly clean. He lived alone and allowed no ment. I talked with many sadhus, but received one using intoxicants to come within his circle.

little help. One day in school a new Hindu teach- I saluted him, and told him something of my er taught me a passage in the Hindi Ramayan, history.

the meaning of which is : "He called one of his followers from the village May that Lord, by whose grace the dumb become and gave instructions for me to be taken to the eloquent and the lame af"cend the highest mountains, who house, where suitable free hospitality was given.

is the destroyer of the guilt of this evil age, be gracious "I stayed there for some months studying YOGA also to me. VASISHTA and the RAMAYAN and one of the "If he can do this, I thought, why do I labori- GITAS. This Guru was very enlightened, a wor- ously struggle for learning. I will leave all and shipper of the One God, rejecting idols. When become His. He shall teach me all things. On he thought me somewhat advanced, he sent me coming out of the hospital I left home and took to Benares to study the LAGHU KAUMUDI, and on to the road, determined to visit sacred places, as- his recommendation I was received into the PARI- sociate with sadhus and gain the knowledge of BRAJAK MANDAL (a society of Sadhus). After God. some time spent in study here, I was not happy, "Leaving Mathura I went to Brindaban and and decided to go on the long pilgrimage to Nepa!.

there sat by the roadside tired out. Two men As I was leaving Benares you kindly spoke to me came along-one a Ramanandi and the other a and gave me a lift in your car. After leaving you Sannyasi, a good man. They stopped and asked at J aunpur, I performed the pilgrimage, and on me what I was doing there. I told them of my my return came to Ram Katora to see you. The search for God and my leaving home. They very Gospel of Luke which you gave me, I had read and kindly reasoned with me, urging me to return then passed on to a Sadhu who begged it from me.

home. "I am leaving you today, having found my Lord "'There are good sadhus,' they said, 'but they and Saviour Jesus Christ. I intend wherever I are very few. The great majority are lazy and go to preach Him as the only Saviour of men. I selfish, sensual and given to the use of stupifying am assured of your father-like love to me, and intoxicants. You are choosing a hard path. Go shall certainly come to see you and Mataji back home.' " (Mother) again, if God permits, but having re- "No," said I, "take me along with you. I ceived the true inward baptism of the Holy Spirit, will learn of you." I am going away for a time for the testing of the "'Well,' said they at last, 'we will not ask you pilgrim road before I take the outward water bap- to accompany us, but if you insist on joining us, tism. I do not wish to become a paid preacher of we will not turn you away.' " any church or mission, but to keep to my Indian "So I went with them. We walked on to Delhi way of life and so serve Christ."

and eventually to Hardwar which I found to be The young man went away with our blessing.

full of sadhus. There I came across a naga–of His meek and blameless character and his quiet the class of sadhus who wear no clothing at all. but definite holy boldness in confessing Christ on Here, I thought, is a living example of uttermost the streets of Benares and before his former renunciation. I attached myself to him as a dis- Sadhu associates (amongst whom his change has ciple and stayed with him for about a month. One caused intense antagonism) has convinced us that day he asked me to fill his pipe for him. I did he is a true disciple of the Lord and Saviour Jesus so and brought it to him. Christ.

A Typical Station In

..:( By LOIS ANNA ELY, Nantung, Kiangsu, China Jp.. Missionary of the United Christian Missionary Society T HE visitor to our city drops from a Yangtze Ours is a rural district, yet we have done little River steamer to a sampan and is rowed consistent rural work. These are our major de- ashore. There he has his choice of transpor- fects. We long to correct them and establish a tation to the city five miles away. His purse and more perfect balance in our mission work. Our his leisure will determine whether he goes by mo- school is rapidly approaching the high standard tor car, ricksha, or wheelbarrow. However he of the hospital. Through our community welfare rides he will enjoy his journey through fertile work we are more and more reaching the boys and fields, past prosperous little hamlets. Ours is a thickly populated district 1yin g about a city of some 75,000 inhabitants. The smoke- stacks of the cotton mills point to the factorization of our community, yet from every little home comes the sou n d 0 f the spinning wheel and the hand-loom.

A welcoming arch marks .the entrance to the imme- diate environs of Nantung city. We enter and come at once to the small roadway that leads to our mission homes and school, with a beautiful poplar bordered lane. Across the ma lu, at AT THE AMERICAN BOARD OUTSTATION CHEN. CHUAN PU. SHENSI the end of the lane, is the entrance to our hospital compound. These insti- young men of the city. Because of lack of inter- tutions used to be suburban but the growth of ested personnel we are doing little to promote Nantung and the removal of the city wall united rural evangelism.

the suburbs with the city proper. Our little group of eight missionaries aU have When I first saw Nantung it was engaged in a some part in the hospital program, either through program of expansion. The last five years have professional service, teaching, or regular visita- seen considerable retrenchment but a compensat- tion. Each successive year brings increasing ap- ing factor has been the growth in the Christian preciation of the ministry of the hospital and its heart of the station. fame has spread far over the countryside and into Our station is typical in that its work IS not the neighboring districts.

perfectly symmetrical and falls far short of our Our seventy-bed hospital is usually full and ideals. For instance, our hospital work is devel- often overcrowded; the clinic reaches a daily aver- oped far in advance of the other units of work. age of about sixty; our registered nurses' training Financial aid from the China Medical Board has school has some twenty-five girl students. The perfected equipment and permitted a certain hospital seems to the professional staff inade- amount of expansion. Our one mission school in quately equipped when measured by Western the district is now for girls, whereas before the standards but its good works are immeasurable.

evacuation of the missionaries in 1927 the major The busy clinic is still taken care of in the main emphasis was upon our technical school for boys. hospital building; robbing the in-patient depart- [654 ] ment of one of its wards and bringing under the lands<!ape and the girls themselves are sharing hospital roof an undue amount of confusion-for in the task. Girls who have had only a small a Chinese clinic is not a quiet place. courtyard in which to play revel in the expanse Nantungchow is interior. The really sick man of real acreage. Girls who have never before arrives on some sort of an improvised stretcher, soiled their hands in a day's work have learned varying from a bamboo bed to a huge grain bas- the fun of helping a garden to grow.

ket. He is carried by ropes and a pole on the The Nantungchow Christian Church is in the backs of blue clad coolies who sing under his load heart of the busy city. The church building is and are not too quiet as they put their burden set well back from the street and in front around down. The newcomer is usually accompanied by a courtyard are rooms which are devoted to wom- a troop of wondering friends and neighbors. The en's work. Our community welfare building clatter they make is annoying but their presence opens directly on Great South Street and houses is the hospital's opportunity to further eliminate the mission library (the only public library in prejudice. the district), game rooms, a social hall, and an The hospital experience of the average Chinese auditorium for street preaching, health demon- patient must be a pleasant memory. Every effort strations and other public meetings. Upstairs is made to keep that contact as truly expressive of are some pleasant class rooms which on Sunday generous Christian service as possible and to let are used by the Bible School and on week days the visitor know that the Christian hospital is try- serve a number of purposes.

ing to follow in the steps of the Great Healer. Evangelistic work has suffered from lack of The in-patient department naturally affords the continuity in personnel as the hospital has gained greatest opportunity to influence life. There is in by the opposite condition. For a number of years the prolonged daily contact an opportunity to tell we had been without an evangelistic missionary.

the story of Christ and to give a living demon- Our Chinese pastor left us to become principal of stration of His Way of Life. Last year the aver- one of our mission schools and our senior mission- age number of day's residence in the hospital was ary very reluctantly became our pastor. He is 23.8. The hospital has had no small degree of retiring and we are getting a new Chinese pas- success in the treatment of tubercular bone and tor. The time is indeed ripe for some excellent joint cases, both with surgery and heliotherapy. Christian work if we can have substantial lead- The surgical department has been its main adver- ership.

tisement, and successful operations have probably We conduct two Bible Schools, one at the church done more than anything else to break down fear and one in the hospital building. The midweek and distrust. prayer meeting rotates from church to hospital so Our Girls' School, called Tsong Ing from an an- as to better reach all our groups of Christians.

cient name of Nantungchow, is comfortably Each year sees progress in the reverent partici- housed across the road from the hospital. Any- pation in Christian worship. The church has its one looking at the figures for enrollment last year own working organization and we endeavor to en- and this would feel the school had made a mush- list all the Christians in the community regard- room growth-93 to 153 in one year. The growth less of their denomination. Ours is the only was not so spontaneous, however. For a number Protestant Christian Church in the district and of years we have had a capacity school at the its contribution seems pitifully small in contrast church plant. Removal to adequate quarters en- to the great need.

abled us to expand." We now have room for 200, The Community Welfare Association, a part of including kindergarten, lower and higher primary our Christian Endeavor, has succeeded in allying departments, and a Junior Middle School. On the with us for community good many who would whole registration has been beneficial to the otherwise have continued in their self-centered school, though we often feel much entangled in way. The library, which has so far been the chief red tape. interest of the Association, has about 5,000 vol- Since registration far too little has been done umes and the list of readers shows marked gains to provide extra-curricular religious education, from month to month. A reading room is main- but the Christians on the faculty are alert to their tained with a good assortment of newspapers and responsibilities. Our new Chinese pastor is alive periodicals. A children's library is a recent proj- to the problems of young people and we hope soon ect. "The welfare movement includes beginnings to accomplish more than in the days of compul- of public health work, English night classes, baths sory religious instruction. for women, some industrial work for poor women, The school has greatly enjoyed its new quar- and other projects for young and old. This work ters. There was scarcely elbow room at the is newly housed and is exulting in a new oppor- church plant. Now there is a large campus to tunity.

Rural evangelistic work is greatly neglected woman of no small ability. This group deter- both because of insufficient funds and lack of per- mines matters of station policy, passes the station sonnel. Our missionary pastor was much inter- budget, and sends on to the Administrative Com- ested in the rural evangelism but had not the time mittee various actions wanting mission approval.

for it without slighting the already understaffed Those who have worked on the Council for the city work. He made occasi.onal trips into the dis- past five or ten years have seen gratifying prog- trict, always traveling with an agricultural ex- ress in cooperation and in the assumption of re- pert, either from the University of Nanking or sponsibility on the part of the Chinese who have from the local experiment station. He has the been sharing in station administration. There dream of sending circulating units of our library has also been a growing sense of mutual appreci- out into the country district, having them housed ation on the part of missionaries and their Chi- by some influential patrons, the library quarters nese colleagues.

to be headquarters also for evangelistic work. The Our Christian work is making a new approach scheme was welcomed by the villagers and small to the community. In the days before the estabbeginnings have been made. lishment of the Nationalist Government our rela- As to our station government, the church at its tions with local officialdom were friendly but quite annual meeting elects members for the Station formal and perfunctory. Now, with a number of Council, one representative from each department prominent offices filled by former students in our of the work, and four others at large. .The Coun- mission schools or participants in our Community cil the past year was made up of the missionary Welfare Association, relationships are far more physician, the Chinese principal of our girls' frank and natural. We have been endeavoring to school, the Chinese head of our community welfare work, our missionary pastor, our picturesque ally ourselves with every force working for good old Chinese elder, a progressive young Chinese and we feel that the days ahead will see a sub- physician, and our hospital pharmacist, a Chinese stantial advance in our Christian program.

Why Give the Gospel to the ]eVs?

By the REV. M. ZEIDMAN, B. D., Toronto, Canada D: ..

Superintendent of the Scott Institute of the Presbyterian Church in Canada SHALL Christians give the Gospel to the Jews? Many missionaries to the Gentiles were martyred, If Christians believe in the Bible, there is no crucified, beheaded, and thrown into the arenas to alternative, they must. fight the wild beasts: and even in modern times, Ever since Jesus Christ "opened his mouth and missionaries to the heathen labor for years before taught them", the Church dare not, except at its they gain the confidence of these Gentiles, and own peril, shut its mouth and leave either the entrance into their homes. St. Paul, writing to Jews or anybody else, ignorant of the unsearch- the Christians in Rome, clearly explains the Genable riches of Christ until the consummation of tiles' duty to the Jews-he says, "For as ye (Genthe Kingdom of God on earth. When the Phari- tiles) in times past have not believed God, yet sees sought to silence the early Hebrew-Chris- have now obtained mercy through their unbelief: tians, Jesus said, "If these should hold their even so have these (Jews) also now not believed peace, the stones would immediately cry out." that through your (Gentile) mercy, they (the Jews) also may obtain mercy." Why Give the Gospel to the Jews? 2. Because "God hath not cast away his 1. Because the Jews first gave the Gospel to people" and they are yet to be used as instruments the Gentiles it is now the duty of the Gentiles to in His hands to establish the Kingdom of God on reciprocate. It may be said, "But the Jews do not earth. "For if the casting away of them be the want the Gospel." So did the Gentiles at first reconciling of the world, what shall the receiving refuse to listen to the preaching of the Jews. of them be, but life from the dead?" For this reason the Gospel must be preached to the Jews.

WHY GIVE THE GOSPEL TO THE JEWS?

God chose the Jews, and He sent every prophet, in driving them further away. A few years ago, beginning with Moses, to the Jew first. He gave Reform Rabbis were all anti-Zionists, and they the Bible to the Jew first, and also to the Gentiles. saw the only salvation for the Jew in the temple, The messages of the great prophets were to the not in Zion. But experience is a wonderful teacher, Jew first, and also to the Gentiles. Christ came and seeing that the masses would not attend to the Jew first, and also to the Gentiles. The either the Orthodox synagogue or the Reform Glad Tidings were preached to the Jews first, temple, most Reform Rabbis are now being conand also to the Gentiles. St. Paul declared that verted to Zionism. The Rabbis, who only a few the Gospel of Jesus Christ is the power unto sal- months ago said that "the United States of vation to everyone that believeth, to the Jew first, America is our Palestine, and the city of Washingand also to the Gentiles. ton our Jerusalem," and who cut out from the ritual and prayer book every reference to Pales- As Palestine was God's training ground for His tine, are now seen on Zionist platforms, singing people, so were the Jews God's pupils. He again the songs of Zion. trained them and frequently used the rod on them, for the purpose of making them a priestly The moral life of the Jewish people also connation, to instruct the Gentiles in the righteous- stitutes a challenge to the Church. That subject, ness of God. They have not yet attained the however, we deliberately omit, so that we may status of teachers. If the Jews, in the time of avoid being dubbed anti-Semite. On one thing Moses were in the kindergarten stage in God's we may all agree, however, namely that the Jew training school for higher service, arid were, be- is as good as the Gentile. But if the Jew is no fore Christ in the primary school, they have now better than the Gentile, then God knows that he gone backward rather than forward, for multi- is as badly in need of the Gospel as the Gentile. tudes have altogether thrown off what little they 4. Because God sent His only begotten Son as knew about God. a missionary to the Jews. Jesus said, "I am not The enemies of missions to Jews make capital come· but to the lost sheep of the house of Israel." He was pre-eminently a missionary to the Jews. of the fact that the Jews have the Old Testament, and believe in God: that they gave us the How to Do This Mission Work prophets, the Bible, and our God. But the most superficial observer can see how the multitude of It would not be practical to give here a detailed Jewry is drifting fast away from both the syna- plan or program of how to do mission work among gogue and God; and the Bible is a book unknown all sorts and conditions of a people who are scatin the average Jewish home. tered all over the face of the earth. However, the first and most important factor in mission There was hardly a prophet or preacher of the work among Jews of all classes of social, political righteousness of God in Jewry, who was not per- and religious opinions is the approach. It is evisecuted, thrown into a pit, sawn asunder, or cru- dent that, if wrongly approached, the Jew may cified by the same people from whom they came. be actuall~ prejudiced against Christ rather than The Bible is the message of the God whom they brought nearer to Him. rejected, and the record of the prophets whom they persecuted. The Bible is locked up in the Personally, we have very strong and definite "ark" in the synagogue, while they are "teach- opinions on this matter, and though our methods ing for doctrine, the commandments of men." It are strictly Scriptural, they are not being made is very significant, that for the last nineteen hun- use of by many missionaries. This method of dred years the Jewish people have made no effort approach was the means by which Christ and His to give the Bible to the Gentiles, nor have they apostles, as well as all primitive Christians, found produced a single translation of Holy Scripture. their way into the synagogue. They worshipped, Only very recently Jewish leaders, alarmed over preached and expounded the Scriptures there. the fact that their people were buying transla- Neither Christ Himself, nor the apostles ever left tions in their own vernacular from Christian col- the synagogue; on the contrary, they took part in porteurs, went to the trouble of issuing an Eng- the synagogue as well as in the temple worshiplish and Yiddish translation of the Old Testament for they were the real Jews, the true children of for themselves. God. Those who did not measure up to Christ's criterion of an Israelite were driven out of the 3. A third reason for preaching the Gospel temple, but Christians did not voluntarily leave to the Jews, is the present moral and religious the temple or the synagogue. If anyone had a condition of Hebrews, both in Europe and Amer- right there,' it was the believer and follower of ica. In the United States, as well as in Canada, Jesus Christ, the Son of the Living God. It was the mass of the younger people have left the syna- not the Hebrew Christian who left the synagogue, gogue. The Reform movement, that was to bring but it was rather the synagogue which excommuback all the Jews to the fold, has only succeeded

nicated the Hebrew Christian. But we must con- not lofty enough for a modern Jew. If the Protes- fess that, in many cases, we Hebrew Christians tant Church ceases to present the Gospel to the have looked upon this excommunication as a god- Jew, it will leave the field for some fanatic sects, send to escape persecution; and we have piously or to the Roman Catholic Church, who believes it- and gladly said, "Lo, we turn to the Gentiles." self to be the only true Church, the final revelation If our approach to the Jew is to meet with any of God and the only custodian of the faith. Or in degree of success, we must declare like St. Paul the words of Jesus "the stones will immediately of old "And unto the Jews I became as a Jew, cry out."

that I might gain the Jews; to them that are God has never asked permission from the Jews under the law, as under the law, that I might to send to them prophet, teacher, or missionary.

gain them that are under the law." And again If He had, the world today would be in darkness he wrote, "As the Lord hath called everyone, so and without a Saviour. The Jews would still be let him walk. And so ordain I in all churches. worshipping in groves, and sacrificing their chil- Is any man called being circumcized, let him not dren to Moloch; instead of the Church of the liv- become uncircumcized." This is the right method ing God, we would have the Pillars of Baal.

of approach to the Jew. It is sound Scripture; While God has said "the house of Israel will not good psychology, and a gesture of goodwill that hearken unto thee; for they will not hearken unto cannot but make a wonderful impression on every me," yet He admonishes the prophet and mission- Jew. ary "be not afraid of them, neither be afraid of Great pressure is being brought by some Re- their words, though briers and thorns be with form Jews upon Protestant leaders, to discontinue thee, and thou dost dwell among scorpions; be not missionary work among the Jews. If the Church afraid of their words, nor be dismayed at their ceases to give the Gospel to the Jew then why looks, though they be a rebellious house.

should not the Buddhist, Moslem, and Hindu lead- "And thou shalt speak my words unto them, ers demand the same recognition for their reli- whether they will hear or whether they will for- gion? The Church has either a Gospel for "every bear: for they are most rebellious." (Ezekiel creature" or for no one at all. A religion that is 2:6-7.) not good enough or necessary for the Jew, is not The duty of the Church of Christ is clear. 0 good enough or necessary for the Chinese. A Church of God "that bringest good tidings, get faith that cannot save a Jew in America will do thee up into the high mountain; 0 Jerusalem, that very little for a native of Africa. If the Church bringest good tidings, lift up thy voice with gives up missionary work among Jews, it admits strength; lift it up, be not afraid, say unto the that Christianity is a religion for Gentiles, but cities of Judah-Behold your God!" (Is. 40 :9.) The Light in a Korean Prison The northern part of the Sungjin field extends across the hour a day and I shall be satisfied," said Mr. Kim. Tuman River into Manchuria· where the Cl;linese perse- The magistrate finally consented, saying, "One hour a cuted the Koreans despite the fact that orders came from the Chinese authorities that they must not do so. day and no longer; prepare a list of your subjects and One day Elder Kim Chang Young, the Korean Christian present me a written outline of your disc()urses." evangelist up there, was called. into the county office and the magistrate said to him, "We have heard that you are "Ten thousand thanks, your Honor," said the evangelist the leader in this movement against the Chinese up here." and returned to his confinement happy. "No," replied the elder, "I preach only the Gospel, and The next day at four-thirty he brought the light of the exhort people against bad action. Our religion teaches us that we must love our enemies and do good to them." Gospel into that dark prison. Exactly at five-thirty the "Where do you preach?" demanded the magistrate. guard shouted, "Time's up; back to your cell."

"I preach here and in the villages up the river," he re- The following day again the lights shone for an hour.

plied. By the third day even the guards were becoming interested "We must telephone,". said the magistrate, "to find out and they forgot to look at their watches at the end of whether you are telling the truth. Since it is late and the the hour. Four days, five days, six days passed. By the sun now setting you must wait in the prison until we can seventh day the sermons were two hours long and the investigate." prayers to the Heavenly Father were listened to with Morning came but there was no call from the magistrate. reverence. The next day passed but no release … the third day the elder began to think, "The Lord must have some reason After the tenth day the elder was called before the for putting me here; many of my fellow countrymen are magistrate who said, "We see that you are an upright in the prison too. Whether a prisoner or a free man I must man and no troublemaker. You are released." preach the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ; I'll ask the magistrate for permission to preach to the prisoners." "Again ten thousand thanks. But how about the other So he sent his request to the magistrate. prisoners? May I come each day and preach to them?" "Oh no, you cannot address the prisoners; that would never do. How do I know that you would not stir up he bravely asked.

trouble?" The magistrate refused. "But, your Honor, I just want to tell them about God The next day most of the other prisoners were also and His love, and the way of salvation. Just give me one released.

On Sunday the Christians of the village gathered in the little church and there was great rejoicing for their evan- gelist was back, and in the congregation were many new faces, prisoners, but prisoners of the Lord Jesus Christ who had caused His Light to shine upon them in dark places. REV. E. A. KNECHTEL, Sungjin, Korea.

Ways of

'fested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home s. EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'~=================I'~ HOW TO BUILD EFFECTIVE through invitations, personal or magazines they have been and printed; through posters; reading. PROGJtAMS through bulletin board an- nouncements ; through church C. It is necessary that the In view of the fact that pro- calendar announcements. program be held under gram material for the several proper physical conditions. missionary organizations is 2. Lead to a definite service frequently assembled and whip- by E;lvery member. This should 1. Be sure that the place of ped into shape at the close of the be personal-soul-winning in meeting is conducive to proper calendar year, the following sug- home, neighborhood, among impressions. For example, a gestions adapted from a de- friends and strangers; prayer clean room, attractive pictures nominational leaflet may prove for church, missionaries and and flowers, good light and air, boards; work among new homey appearance. serviceable. Americans; interest in civic af- fairs (local, national, interna- 2. Be sure the music is ap- A. Have a definite aim-two- tional) . It should also be by propriate to the occasion. fold. proxy, through missionaries, in the way of prayer for their 3. Have the program fol- 1. An enlargement of vision friends; through gifts of money lowed by a get-acquainted time on the part of every woman comparable with one's ability with some recreation. church member. to give. 4. Time and length of meet- This means the program B. In order to carry out this ing may vary, but an hour well must con t a i n information two-fold aim, the leader spent is better· than a longer which informs-continuity of should- period poorly spent. Not so interest should be presented in many minutes used but quality a series of programs. It must 1. Know the kind of pro- of material and manner in be interesting-unusual, varied, gram needed to catch interest which it is presented mean a topics well thought out. As a of both interested and unin- good meeting. rule it is better to use topics terested. She must be familiar for the year (more helps avail- with the subject to be pre- METHODS SEEDLINGS able). Use impersonations, sented, also with the sort of adapted leaflets, pageants and activities that can be given to In harmony with the present plays. Sometimes have discus- different women. view of a unified world-field, sions. Do not "pool ignorance" with "home" and "foreign" but study all sides of the sub- 2. She must print or mimeo- lines wiped out save for adminject before the discussion. Oc- graph the program in as at- i s·t rat i v e convenience, the casionally have an outside tractive a manner as possible. monthly programs published in speaker. The practice of read- Women and Missions (t h e ing articles in the meetings 3. She should keep on the monthly magazine of Presbyteshould be discouraged. lookout for new and current rian women), are most signifi- m.aterial, using not only things cant, coordinating and blending The program must also be specific to her denomination balanced themes. These prowell prepared and well pre- but those pertaining to the grams must go far toward cresented. Personnel is important. world's missionary work in a ating the mood for "'world-mind- Use many women. Study the large way. edness" which is so desirable. talents of the women church A series of programs runs somemembers. Adapt assignments 4. Have individual features, thing like this: to individuals. Include young such as a question box to which people, children and men (this all have access, roll call .in The Philippine Islands and the may mean some evening meet- which members make their op- West Indies; both possessions of ings) . tional responses, opportunity to Spain in early years and bearing describe features that im- similar strains of colorful thinking, The program should deepen pressed them most in the books dramatic temperaments, passionate the spiritual life of all who power to love or hate, etc.; hear it. [659 ] Following Jesus the Pi 0 nee r, It must be well advertised-

through Alaska and India–compar- Friend, a magazine of the incident brought tears to her ing the valiant pioneers of the past Methodist Episcopal Church, eyes. Tell it." Doubtless some who opened the missionary enterprise tells of the following methods: reward is given to those answerin the two countries; ing the most questions correctly "The Mystery Missionary in a given period. Rural Life East and West–Siam Mother" plan was used in the and Our Southern Mountaineers– First M. E. church, at Akron, O. A Calico Tea, Luncheon or attempts to minister in the untouched Folders made from fancy envel- Demonstration is popular among r,egions of both; ope linings were cut to measure our Methodist friends to make four by five inches, folded in the the most of this year of simplic- The Leaven of Christianity in Us- middle and arranged as the ity and sacrifice. Calico is the Through Us to Moslem and Mormon cover for an inside sheet of symbol for the campaign. Cal- Lands (both historically polyga- paper on which was typed: ico pockets are passed out to re- ceive sacrificial gifts, the little mous) ; Merry Christmas leaflet enclosed to be read and Japan and Foreigners in America; cherished by each recipient until Training Negro Leaders in Africa As God gav:e a Son to Mary, the spirit of sacrifice takes pos- On that Christmas long ago, session of her own life. There and America; So we give to you a daughter is much to be said for the value Linking the Continents through a Whose dear name you soon will know. of such visualization and project As you peep inside the capsule work. Study of Leadership. And the mystic name you see, You must guard your secret if you In one program, good reso- This is constructive program Would a Mystery Mother be. lutions were wedded to expres- sions of gratitude, such as : building. Outside the folder was tied a "Because I am thankful for my The department designated wrapped capsule containing the sight I will read to the blind name of a young woman belong- this year"; "In thanksgiving "Our Literature Table" in each ing to the young people's depart- for health I will make it a point month's issue of this magazine ment in the Sunday School. to call upon the sick and shuthas a full list of all leaflets, These were passed through the ins"; "In gratitude for my own plays, etc., bearing o;n the uni- audience assembled to hear an Christian home, I will serve on fied program appearmg on an authority on young woman's the board or in some other way work speak, and fifty women aid in the work for the local opposite page. orphanage and so provide a A note to program leaders took folders. substitute for a father or moth- In April a Mystery Party was er"; "Because my own daughemphasized in the same maga- ter has grown up pure and zine: "Warn participants that held, each girl being introduced strong, I will give myself to they will be kept strictly to to all the "Mystery Mothers" the rescue of less fortunate time." Exchanges please copy! present but having no inkling as young women who have trans- to whose her own might be. In gressed." A National Missions Gift May, a young woman's mission- Shop was started at the Presby- ary society was organized as a This service was followed up terian Headquarters in New result of the directed efforts of by an effort to direct the activi- York City a year ago as a mar- this group of mothers. ties thus determined upon, and ket for the mission field and to the whole community felt the acquaint supporters of the work In September the disclosure uplift. Would not this be somewith the industries of the mis- party was held by the auxiliary, thing new in your church? sion centers and their unique the daughters presenting the products. The goods displayed entertaining features. The ef- A UNIQUE PROGRAM ON ranged all the way from minia- fort has been a marked success, ture totem poles to Mexican, In- both at Akron and Chardon, THE MOUNTAINEERS dian and Oriental rugs, pottery, Ohio. It seems worth passing silver, etc. All funds thus ac- on. From East Liberty comes It was called "The Publication cumulated are turned back into the repercussion, in that a group of the Mountain Outlook." Its the work. This venture is a serv- of girls organized themselves as outline appeared on the Sunice sword with a double edge. "Mystery Daughters" and chose day calendar and was most for their secret mothers women curiosity-tickling. When the au- At a Fellowship Meeting at not interested in missionary dience arrived the platform had Titusville, Pa., the women of the work in the hope that their ef- been set with everything pos- Presbyterian Mission Society forts might bring the women sible to make it look like a busy arrange, through their "evening into the Women's Foreign Mis- newspaper office, even to a division," a meeting once a year sionary Society. "It's a poor 'phone and a waste paper basto which all other denominations rule that will not work both ket! Stenographers were busy in the community are invited. ways." typing at the start. Presently At the sixth such gathering, the the editor rose and said he did ushers were members of Jewish, In the same periodical a "Mys- not know what had come over Roman Catholic'and Protestant tery Box" is a monthly feature, churches, in close cooperation. the contents of each issue being The speaker was a Jewish rabbi covered by a list of curiositywhose theme was the great need tickling questions such as, "The of the spirit of goodwill among church folk, taking for his text the words of Christ, "Blessed are the peacemakers." This sounds rather millennial.

The W 0 man's Missionary

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

the. paper; it was losing sub- use d wit h any missionary (b) Banditry (c) Civil war sCrI?ers the bes~ he could do. theme.-Adapted from Women (d) ~xploitation by foreign na- VarIOUS suggestIOns and com- and Missions. tIOns ments followed from members A Fleet of Ships (e) Development of consciousness of the staff. In the midst of of power, etc.

the discussion, there appeared ~Ienrieso.neof live city church a 2. Mending her education at this time a woman in calico dress and "Ship, Ahoy" rn'eetsunbonnet, exclaiming: of change (a) Education for girls (pp. 163 "Is this yere the place where mgs ~s conducted to give each 164) . ' they make writin' folks can standmg committee in the wom- (b) Christian schools (pp. 167- an'~ organization an oppor- 173) read? Over on tother side of tumty to hold a meeting ex- (c) Religious education (pp. 173the mountain, the pappies and ploiting its own work. The outmammies can'.t read, an' we line is as follows: 178) thought you mIght do somethin' "Ship, Ahoy! All Aboard" (d) Educating home-makers (pp. by the Industrial Departmen't 181-185) (e) Training teachers (pp. 185- so the chillern would be differ- starting the year. ' 187) ent." ~'All Hands Aboard" was (f) Rural .education (pp. 187-189) Here a bright reporter jumped (g) Unfimshed task of education up and asked, "Why not dedi- handled by the Membership cate an issue of our paper to (pp. 201-203) those mountaineers ?" So the plan developed in short order. Committee. 3. Mending China spiritually. The staff artist drew a map of the mountain section ~nd ex- "Comradship" (the devo- (a) "I could not share my message plained it. The telegraph editor, answering a call at the tionals on "Setting Sail"), fea- and not share her load" (pp. 'phone, received a report of a strike in the mills, with its sad tured a Mothers' and Daugh- 198, 199) news of labor conditions that needed alleviation. The editor (b) "The mission hospitals … are of the Woman's Page entered with hand-made baskets, etc., ters' program by the young the most telling exhibition of people's division. the love of Christ ..• that the "Friendship," "Fellowship," country has" (pp. 199-201) "W 0 r s hip," "Leadership," (c) "Is the evangelistic task com- plete w.hen only one in every "Stewardship" and "Ships that 157 Chmese is a Christian?"

Come In" (an Installation (This includes Catholics.) (pi> . 203-211) Luncheon) completed the series, 4. How mend China? the corresponding committees yv (a) Reinforcements (pp. 211-213) being easily guessed. (b) e need to learn joy of shar- mg (pp. 213-222) and asked for a cut to show How to Get a Circulating Lithis native handiwork. To a brary into Action 5. Mendi~g Ch~na today-telling the reporter was assigned the task s~ory m Chma. (Use denominaof writing up the educational Ask ten or twelve women from tIonal leaflets specific to your own conditions and the mISSIon among. y~mr friends to buy work, if desired.) schools. The "want-ad" clerk one mISSIOnary book each to — prepan~d an advertisement call- f orm a nucleus for a library. ing for teachers and workers These could be purchased at Ad.apted from programs prepared for the who would give these people a Bap~lst Board of Education by ,Anna Canada chance and another advertisement aiming to interest church Swam.

fo!k .in investing their money in from 50 cents to $3.00 or $4.00 mISSIOn schools. The editor-in- each, depending upon the book. A Hindu's Vision of Christ chief then read an editorial pleading for a chance for these You might charge five or ten really fine Americans. The ro- cents a week for borrowing I heard a learned Hindu give togravure section of the paper was represented by lantern these books and so form a fund this public testimony: "I once slides showing actual conditions among the mountaineers. The from which to buy more. The saw Christ, and I have never offering taken was designated as subscriptions to the paper to women would be fascinated by forgotten the vision. The plague be used by the organization in its mission work. Miniature such books as "The Bantu Are was raging in the city and copies of the paper (which vCoolm~minegs,"by"BJeehainndMMacuKdenWziae,lls~"f everybody ~hiacdk fled in terror ex- cept the and the dying.

AfrIca, anMd isostheCrasrmoinchaveal~iouosf . dWplroahgvouelee-ssdetcort~~IcOnknesntwhseercretoI.Oduneg,seh3rt:end~th. taoIt India fi.elds. The Missionary Educa- hon Movement has a large my surphse I saw a miSSIOn- nw~uimcbhercanofbe books some of ary lady, Mrs. D-, coming out bought at a low of one of the houses where prlCe.-Delavan L. Pierson. twh.Ietrhe hewrahsanpdlasgeuxet.endSehde becfaomree ~igh.t be suitable leaflets) were PROGRAMS ON her and she said, 'I am sorry, dIstrIbuted to the audience as Mr. S-, that I cannot shake it dispersed and the proclama- "LADY FOURTH DAUGHTER hands with you, for my hands tion was made that the effort OF CHINA" are plague-stained.' As I looked had gained subscribers and lift- Mending China (Chapters V and VI) at her wit h plague-stained ed the paper out of its rut. hands, I saw Christ." This program-mold might be 1. Why China needs mending -E. STANLEY JONES. (a) Famine . BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~l~~~,==~==================================~~========================~ A Call to Prayer The Christ Child Comes Goes Out To All People The power of "the unknown one of law observance." Whether this is a true indictment or not "Come unto me all ye that labor and Christian" in our midst during is not a question in this article, these terrible days was likened but rather whether as individual are heavy laden" to that of "the unknown sol- Christians we are observing and enforcing within our individual dier," by Dr. Adolf Keller, dis- lives the two great command- ments of the Prince of Peace. tinguished European visitor in a "For perfect success at a Dis- recent address to Christian lead- armament Conference," said Dr. Woolley at the recent reception ers. given in her honor by the Na- Most of us are called to be tional Committee on the Cause and Cure of War, "the first es- "the unknown Christians" who sential is the disarmed mind. If can this very day in our very 'moral disarmament' had been achieved, as it should have been town-place do our full share "to in the years since the war, ma- terial disarmanent would be prepare in the wilderness the speeded up." The Eighth Annual Conference on the Cause and way of Jehovah; in the desert a Cure of War is called for Janu- ary 17-20, inclusive. Church highway for our God." Will we women now are preparing in arise, claim the heritage of study groups for strengthening the cause · of "moral disarma- strength which is ours, think ment." The representatives of the organizations of the Ameri- and act for peace during this can Association of University Women, the Council of Women season when we anticipate the for Home Missions, the Federa- celebration of the coming of the tion of Woman's Boards of For- eign Missions of North Amer- Prince of Peace? It is a custom ica, the General Federation of among German Christians to Women's Clubs, the National Board of the Young Women's greet each other during the Ad- Christian Associations, the Na- vent season with "Das Christ- tional Council of Jewish Wom- kind kommt." All the church en, the National Federation of Business and Professional Wom- services are directed toward en's Clubs, the National League of Women Voters, the National "Hear our prayer, 0 Lord" careful and prayerful celebra- Woman's Christian Temperance tion of Christmas. In the homes Union, the National Women's "Follow Thou Me" greens are hung,' wreaths and Conference of American Ethical Union, and the National Wom- candles are exchanged, and en's Trade Union League have practically pledged themselves IN PRAYER Christmas carols and anthems as individuals and as groups to do their part to bring about "And it came to pass in those days, that he are sung from morning to night went out Into the mountain to pray; and for the weeks preceding Christcontinued all night in prayer to God. , And when it was day, he called his disciples; and mas Day. Let us remember that He came he chose from them twelve. "And at even • . . all the city was gathered as a child and later He taught together at the door…• And in the morn- that unless we became child-like ing, a great while before day, he departed into a solitary place, and there prayed. "Pray ye therefore the Lord of the harvest."

IN SERVICE we could not even enter the "Whosoever would be first among you shall Kingdom of Heaven. Such a be your servant, even as the Son of man teaching is one of serious concame not to be ministered unto but to min- ister, and to give his life. cern to His followers who would "Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done establish the Kingdom of Heaven it unto me~" on earth. There is a great dy- IN STEADFASTNESS namic .strength in the definite- "When the time was come that be should , ness of the two great laws of the be received up, he steadfastly set his face to Kingdom of God. I suppose it go to J erusalem." can be said of us here as gener- IN SACRIFICE "If any man will' come after me let him deny himself, and take UP his cross and fol- ally "that Americans do not keep low me. "Then said J esus. Father, forg ive them; for the laws; and that it is not a they know not what they do. '" And the question of law enforcement but people stood beholding."

[662 ]

BULLETIN OF COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

world disarmament by thinking Way of Christ and the Cross." peace, and concretely demon- On Armistice Sunday, a great strating Christ's love to one's company of us heard the Call to neighbor, and love to one's Worship.

enemy. He hath made of one blood all 'IWr Let us, the followe;rs of the tions of men to dwell on the face of p'rince of Peace, prepare now for the Christmas celebration; the ewrth. (Acts 17:26.) Behold how He that hath seen me, hath seen think peace and goodwill among pleasant it is for brethren to dwell to- the Father.-John 14 :9. men, act peace and goodwill gether in unity. (Psalms 133 :1.) among men until the power of And now we have before us the '~Snake, Coyote, show me your "the unknown Christians" in our preparation and celebration of God," was demanded contemptland and throughout the world the coming into human experi- uously of one of the Presbymove the governments to estab- ence of the Christ-child when the terian Navajo Indian preachers, lish material disarmament. to which Spot-of-the-Whiskers- very citizens of heaven sang President Wilson during the on-the-Chin (William Gorman is World War called for a national Glory be to God in the highest, Day of Prayer. The proclama- And on earth peace, goodwill toward his English name) replied: "I tion was as follows: men. am showing Him to you now.

ADVENT SUPPLICATION He is standing in me. If He were Translated from a German Ser1)- not, you could not talk to me like ice of Worship. ' that." Thus the life and teach- Whereas, great nations of the world ings of Jesus Christ are most have taken up arms against one an- Father in heaven, we live in a time convincingly revealed today in a other and war now draws millions of person living the Christ-life. men into battle whom the council of full of unrest and strife. Our homestatesmen have not been able to save land lies in bonds, our church is in CHURCH GOLDEN RULE from the terrible sacrifice; danger, anxiety will not let our hearts DINNERS AND PARISH OBSERVANCE OF INTER- And whereas, in this as in all things be quiet. And so from our souls' NATIONAL GOLDEN RULE it is our privilege and duty to seek depths we yearn for peace, for Thy WEEK counsel and succor of Almighty God, humbling ourselves before Him, con- kingdom in which Thy holy will gov- The World is n.ow one neighborfessing our weakness and lack of any erns all and Thy ordinances are kept; hood; wisdom in these things; we yearn for Thy Prince of Peace The Golden Rule would make it And whereas, it is the especial wish who anew reveals to us Thy fathom- one brotherhood. and longing of the people of the less love, and in whom we can hope United States in prayer and counsel It is suggested to women's misand all friendliness, to serve the cause with full confidence. Lord, fulfill for sionary societies and other orof peace;' us this hope! Let us not be con- ganizations that a church supper founded! or luncheon be served in the Therefore, I, Woodrow Wilson, week preceding the week of De- President of the United States of H ewr us, g&ntle Lord God. cember 11-18. The 21 economy America, do assign Sunday, the fourth Strengthen Thy church, that she menus which are planned to proday of October next, a day of prayer vide a family of five with adeand supplication and do request all may proclaim Thy word faithfully and quate sustenance for an entire God-fearing persons to repair on that purely. Bless the education of youth week at a maximum cost of $8.88 day to their places of worship there to can be secured free from the unite their petitions to Almighty God, that the good seeds which thou hast Golden Rule Foundation, 60 East that overruling the counsel of men, laid in human hearts may come up 42nd street, New York. The setting straight the things they can- booklet contains also "Food for not govern or alter, taking pity on the and bear noble fruits. Make straight Mind and Heart" with "unseen nations now in the throes of conflict in the difference between individual cir- guests" invited for each meal. His mercy and goodness, showing a way where men can see none, vouch- cumstances and calling and build the "For their sakes" let us "keep safe His children healing peace again bridge of love from class to class, the feast." Many who have given and restore once more that concord until they cannot give another among men and nations without which from heart to heart. penny will be enabled by the use there can be neither happiness nor Hear us, gentle Lord God. of these economy menus to entrue friendship nor any wholesome large the family participating in fruit of toil or thought in the world, Give wisdom to our magistrates "daily bread." praying also to this end and that He that they care to do that which serves forgive us our sins, our ignorance of us best. Give us that which is neces- The Golden Rule Foundation His holy will, our wilfulness and many errors, and lead us in the paths sary for our daily sustenance so that of obedience to places of vision and we through worry about the needs of to thoughts and counsels that purge our outward man may not forget to care for our, eternal happiness. Let and make wise. each honest undertaking, each good Now in 1932, many pastors business enjoy the fruit of its labor.

H ewr us, gentle Lord God. Care for the sick and poor; open hearts and hands to help allay mis- ery. Protect widows and orphans and counsel them who on earth have no other counsel. Give them all Thy light so that they do not perish in the dark- ness. Hear us, gentle Lord God. And because Christmas Eve stands and people of the churches of the at our door, because Thy only begot- asks that at least the amount United States of America kept saved by these menus over the October 2-8 as "A Week of Peni- ten Son knocks again at our heart regular household budget be tence and Prayer." "The church asking entrance, give us an open mind and heart that we may not close our- given to a local church project selves against Him and His gift; that dares not stand aside and whis- we and all the world may open the or to one of the many philanper peace to itself or to the na- doors of our hearts so that He may fill thropic organizations which are' tion when there is no peace . . . us with comfort and power, with joy hard put to it these days to meet and the hope of Thy eternal Kingdom. their obligations. the only adequate way is the Hewr us, gentle Lord God. Amen.

What Dividends In West Virginia?

From the day the first missionary came to Coal Local leadership has become a real asset to River Valley the Light has shone. Then the the work. One elder is truly a miracle of grace. lives of the missionaries were in danger; Three years ago he was bound by chains of women could not leave their homes alone day drink, bootlegging, profaning, and wife beator night without being molested; shootings ing; now he bears witness daily to the transand drinking were the common occurrence. forming power of God in his life-a meek man, Now the missionaries go and come any hour devoted to his family and zealous for the Lord. of day or night with confidence not only in the Every night finds him laboring in some reli- Lord but in the friendship of the people; gious meeting. women alone and in groups travel up and down the valley on every occasion. True, there are The only doctor in our valley, employed by some shootings and many gallons of moonshine, the Ameagle Mining Company, is changed from but fear of God is in the hearts of even the a worldly man, harried by many calls and imworst sinners. patient with the poor sick, into a tender physi- cian with radiant face presenting the story of Our first educational work in the valley was salvation to the unsaved. Two converts of a day school. This developed into a boarding recent years conducted special meetings in Auschool; then later came cooperation with the gust, with over thirty conversions. Contrast district high school, for which we supplied such service of converts with conditions a few part of the teaching force. Now a first class years ago when the heads of less than a dozen high school, manned by employees of the local homes in all the valley were Christians. Trans- Board of Education, ministers to the youth of formed homes! Yes, many of them. For ex- Coal River Valley and the students from our ample-the worst moonshiner died, his wife Pattie C. Stockdale Home. The boys and girls took the Lord into her heart and declared she come from districts without high schools or sec- was forever done with drink. Next we find ondary education. "I never could get a high her telling the story of salvation to a former school education if it were not for Pattie Stock- partner in the moonshine business. The hunger dale" is a common remark among our students. wolf knocks at her door now; moonshining Parents ambitious for their children sound a would drive him away, but she remains true to chorus of praise for the influence of the Chris- her Lord. tian Home upon their children. Two of our graduates who entered college this fall were So many souls are being born into the Kingwithout opportunity to develop in their home dom this year that the problem is to bring to communities; both are now in training for mis- each one help in personal problems and instrucsionary service. tion in spiritual matters. Nearly fifty have united with the church since April. One beau- We wish we might portray the transforma- tiful young girl who had been engrossed in tion in our valley. Formerly there was no so- worldly things now testifies that her great joy cial life, no schooling for 'teen age youth, no is Bible reading and secret prayer. Last week reading matter, not even a religious service. she said, "I cannot imagine how I ever was Now there is interest in high school functions, what I used to be. I've been a Christian two hours are devoted to school and library books, months. If I love the Lord this much in two and representative groups gather several hours months I can't imagine what it will be in ten each week for worship in Sunday schools, years." Christian Endeavor, Bible study, and prayer There are no stock market crashes or bank meetings. Eleven Sunday schools, sixteen failures in heaven. Silver and gold are tawdry prayer meetings, and numerous other gather- in comparison to human souls, but who can tell ings each week under the supervision of the what dividends they will bring when consemissionaries, testify to spiritual life in many crated to our Master's service?

communities. HELEN JULIUS, Colcord, West Virginia.

r au;M~~r~~:~~~~u~~~e~?ok

4.~»~1====~~==================~ NORTH AMERICA Rural Training at Nashville al daily devotions, enrich- Disciples in Depression Missionary workers in the ment of public worship South will be interested to hear and church attendance. For a depression year, the at- of the cooperative enterprise in 2. Aggressive soul winning tendance at the national con- the interest of rural training through personal work, vention of the Disciples of for Christian leaders, worked educational evangelism, Christ, Indianapolis (October out by Vanderbilt University, evangelistic preaching and 11-16) was remarkable. More George Peabody College for the holding of special than 10,000 registered. Teachers, Scarritt College for night-by-night services. ChristianWorkers, the Y.M.C.A. 3. The conservation of evan- The reports of missionary op- Graduate School, the Disciples gelistic results by the care erations during the past year of Christ Foundation, and the and culture of the new showed a decrease of 17 per Congregational Foundation, all members, and of the memcent in the receipts of the located at Nashville, Tenn. Four bers who move from one United Christian Missionary types of workers have been in community to another. Society and an adjustment of the minds of the cooperating the budget to the available agencies: The theme for a series of funds, chiefly by economies in one-day conferences is to be administration, reduction of sal- (1) Home and foreign mis- "Forward Together with Christ aries, and the withdrawal of sionaries of various denomina- in Evangelism."

missionaries from Tibet, Japan tions who, while on furlough, A Christian Steward and the Philippines. It is be- desire to use a part of their lieved that the accumulated defi- furlough in special preparation A. A. Hyde of Wichita, Kancit of the Society will remain for rural work; sas, who is now eighty-four years of age and still going stabilized at about $800,000 un- (2) Country pastors and strong, has had a remarkable til an improvement of the gen- financial history. He was born eral economic situation gives other rural workers who feel i n Lee, Massachusetts, on opportunity for its reduction. A the need of better equipment March 2, 1848, and moved to striking feature of the report of for social and religious work Wichita in 1872. He entered foreign work is the large place among rural peoples; the banking business, but in the occupied by the Congo mission, collapse of 1887 he lost everywhich has nine-tenths of all (3) Candidates for mission- thing and found himself in Disciple churches in foreign ary service at home a~d abroad, debt. Starting again he estabfields and which contributed who are looking forward to three-fourths of the baptisms service in rural communities. lished a small soap business and during the past year, though it in 1890 began the manufacture (4) Nationals from those of Mentholatum, consecrating has only about 7 per cent of the countries which possess great his life and his business to investment in buildings and rural populations, who are pur- God. He was prospered, paid equipment. suing their studies in America, and desire to give special con- sideration to problems of rural life. his debts and in his partner- Lutherans Cut Budget The school will open January ship with God has given largely 5th and be in session for six of his time, strength and money A reduction of $400,000 in the weeks. to help spread the Gospel and annual budget of the United its benefits at home and abroad. Lutheran Church in America Advance in Evangelism Planned He has been a potent factor in was approved by the biennial evangelistic work in his own As a result of a conference convention held in Philadelphia. on Evangelism held at North- city and state and in the work The budget for the next three field last June, attended by fifty of the Presbyterian Church. He years was cut from $2,400,000 representatives of the cooperat- has given hundreds of thouto $2,000,000. The convention sands of dollars to missionary re-elected Dr. Frederick H. ing churches, a program of work at home and in other Knubel, of New York, president evangelism was adopted which lands. At Estes Park, Colo- of the church for his eighth sets forth three major items for rado, he provided land and sevterm. Dr. Knubel, who is 63 the coming year: en buildings for the Y. M. C. A.

years old, has been president 1. The deepening of the spir- annual conferences, where min- since 1918. itual life through person- isters and 0 the r Christian [665 ]

workers meet for physical, men- she teaches two children's class- ica, get very little from an tal and spiritual refreshment. es in Sunday school. He has been one of the chief Arabic service.-Syria N eW8 backers of the Omi "Mustard Quarterly. Seed" Mission in Japan started ANNABELLE STEWART, On the "Wheat Standard" by Dr. Wm. M. Vories, and has Stockdale, W. Va. Driven by existing circum- Russian Church Decline generously supported 0 the r At a recent convention of the stances the Clairmont Church Federated Russian Orthodox in Grande Prairie Presbytery, Christian work throughout the Clubs in Brooklyn the opinion world. Mr. Hyde is one of the Alberta, Canada, went on the d e v 0 ted stewards who has was expressed that the Russian "wheat standard" as a system greatly enriched his own life and the lives of others by his Orthodox Church is faced with of church financing. A new gifts, dispensing his wealth extinction in the United States during his lifetime. subscription list was composed unless it can hold the younger of two sections, one made up persons of Russian descent of those giving through the within its fold. The convention duplex envelopes, the other for Saved from Suicide voted to send young men to the farmers who would contribute Orthodox Theological Institute wheat, at the end of the half Life away from home without in Paris each year in order that year if they had it in store, or the restraints of parents holds they might be trained as priests at the end of the year if prommany perils for youth. A and instructors to establish ised on the basis of crop just young mountain lass from far Sunday schools with instruction seeded. back in the country in West in English. One farmer, who found it Virginia was so far from a high school that the only way Syrians in America difficult to keep his envelope subscription paid up, delivered she could receive an education Syrians who have emigrated 113 bushels of wheat in the fall, was to find board and room in to the United States are very the town where the school was widely scattered from the At- the sale of which netted consid- erably more than his promise. located. There life became such lantic to the Pacific and from Another who promised 25 busha tangle for her that the only the Great Lakes to the Gulf. way out seemed suicide.· She On the whole their standing is els for fall delivery was so en- couraged by the yield of his was dissuaded and faced life's creditable, and some fill respon- wheat crop that he brought in problems again. sible positions in civic affairs. 60 bushels in October (which Jessie's father, a man of fine In Brooklyn there is a consider- netted $25.00), and without any Christian character, heard of able number who are organized, hesitation resubscribed for the Pattie Stockdale School con- under Presbytery, into a Syrian same amount on the 1932 budducted by the Presbyterian Church which has more than get. His average subscription Church. He made application two hundred members and is for Jessie who was fourteen ministered to by a Syrian pas- he said had been ten dollars. The results of this method and a junior in high school. tor. In Paterson N. J., a con- were that at the end of the The old habits of lawless living siderable group worship regu- half year, instead of 12 or 13 bound her for several months; larly in one of the rooms in the per cent of the budget being discouragement seized upon her, First Church, which looks upon raised, fully 40 per cent of the and in the quiet of the night a this as a regular part of its year's budget had been paid; student found Jessie on her way church activities. Many of the and at the end of 1931, when the to the dispensary to get poison. attendants are full members. local bank closed, the church had This girl, an earnest Christian, In Canonsburg, Pa., services raised more money for the mistook Jessie and helped her over are held somewhat irregularly sionary and maintenance fund the hard places. During School ina U nit e d Presbyterian and more for local support than of Missions Jessie was thinking Church. Individuals are en- in any previous year in its hisabout life service and said, couraged to identify themselves "My mind is made up. Noth- with the Sunday .school and tory.-United Church Record.

. ing can hold me back." With other church organizations. LATIN AMERICA this same unflinching spirit she has progressed in her Christian In Jacksonville, Fla., mem- Religious Controversy in Mexico bers of the Syrian colony are life. She did outstanding work led in Arabic worship by a man The differences in Mexico be- in both Sunday school and Va- educated in the mission schools tween the government of the cation Bible schools. Jessie is of Syria. The difficulty in pro- State and the Roman Catholic now superintendent of the Pri- viding services for these Syrian Church have broken out again. mary Department of the Sun-· groups is in the fact that the Archbishop Leopoldo Ruiz y day school and assistant super- older generation has too imper- Flores, Papal Delegate, has intendent of the Junior Chris- fect a knowledge of English been expelled for defending a tian Endeavor. She has taught to enjoy worship in that lan- recent papal encyclical in which groups of illiterates to read in guage; while their children, the religious situation in Mexico two outstations. Every Sunday born and educated in Amer- was discussed. The re-establish-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ment of the Vatican as a tem- little from those existing be- there were five great Methodist poral state is back of the new fore American occupation, over bodies in Great Britain: the trouble. Any interference by the thirty years ago. The policy VVesleyan, the Primitive, the Church with the State is now has been to introduce Christian United Free, the New Connecconsidered by the secular lead- workers, drawn from the dis- tion and the Bible Christians. ers of Mexico to be the act of a tricts in which they are to The United Methodist Church, foreign State rather than of an serve, who therefore know not according to an Associated ecclesiastical authority. Other only the language of the people Press dispatch, embraces 5,000 signs of renewed antagonism of but their traditions, supersti. ministers, 200,000 Sun day the Government may be seen in tions and inhibitions. This school teachers, 1,250,000 Sunan act of the legislature of the worker makes his rounds like a day school students, and nearly State of Vera Cruz in approv- country doctor of a century ago. 1,000,000 members. Its total ing a decree declaring all Cath- He knows nothing of surgery property in Great Britain in olic priests have lost their citi- and very little of medicine, but churches, schools, colleges and zenship rights and empowering has learned the laws of cleanli- missions is estimated at from the State to take over church ness and sanitation. The moun- $210,000,000 to $280,000,000. property for other uses; and taineers think his touch has approval by the majority in the healing power. The Methodists of the world Chamber of Deputies of an in- total 12,000,000 members, with quiry as to whether the Arch- VVhen these pioneers have 60,000 ministers and 90,000 lobishop of Mexico is within his prepared the way, the Rev. J. cal preachers. rights in having continuously L. Santiago Cabrera and the exercised his clerical function Rev. Tomaso Aquino Ojeda fol- Mr. Arthur Henderson, now without having registered with low with their tent evangelism, President of the Disarmament the civil authorities. and after campaigns extending Conference, des c rib e s this over many months, a depend- merger as "one of the half- Eager for the Gospel able group will be ready for a dozen outstanding events in the permanent mission, which later whole history of Christianity." Dr. George P. Howard, evan- grows into an organized Sungelist to Latin-American repub- day school and church. In Dark Days–"All Wrong" lics, has recently completed a series of evangelistic meetings Campa Indians of Peru The above was the caption on in the city of Buenos Aires, Ar- a handbill distributed some time gentina. Commenting on these Rev. R. O. Stull, a Christian ago on the streets of London. meetings, Dr. Howard writes in Alliance missionary in Peru, Under the caption was printed the Christian Advocate: has on record the names of 210 the following list of predic- Indians and of 53 non-Indians tions: On the final evening over a thou- who have received teaching at sand people crowded into the hall, and the Cahuapanas Station. Most William Pitt-"There is scarcely the police had to close the doors to of these come and go, never anything around us but ruin and dekeep more from crowding in, contrary permanently settling in one spair." to fire regulations. Nearly 200 cards place, and so carry the Gospel were signed indicating a desire to message they have learned to Wilberforce, early in the nineteenth know more of the Christ life. The their scattered groups. An in- century: "I dare not marry, the fumost encouraging feature of these tell i g e n t Spanish-speaking ture is so dark and unsettled." meetings was the large attendance of Campa Indian came to the stapeople not connected with churches. tion recently and said that an Lord Gray in 1819 said he believed It is estimated that only about thirty Indian had told him of the "everything is tending to a convulper cent of the attendance was made blessing he had received at the sion." up of evangelicals. mission. Most Indians who come from their forest homes The Duke of Wellington, on the eve I am amazed at the rapidity with to Cahuapanas come to culti- of his death, in 1851, thanked God which events are taking place in vate the land in order to earn that he would "be spared from seeing South America. We must act quickly a living. -Alliance Weekly. the consummation of ruin that is -this is Latin America's day of white gathering about us." heat. The firm impress of Christ EUROPE must be laid now on the fluid material Disraeli in 1849-"In industry, comof these young commonwealths. The British Methodists Unite merce and agriculture, there is no frightful chaos in social and political hope." life, the misery and suffering in eco- The union of three Methodist nomic life-are all creating a feeling bodies in Great Britain into one Queen Adelaide said she "had only of nostalgia for something imperish- of the I a r g est Protestant one desire, to play the part of Marie able and a willingness to listen to any churches in the world was con- Antoinette with bravery in the revowho claim to have the way, the truth summated in London on Sep- lution that was coming on England." and the life. tember 20. Not many years ago Lord Shaftesbury in 1849-"Noth- Organizing Rural Puerto Rico ing can save the British Empire from shipwreck." Rural mission work in Puerto Rico is very important. In The circular concluded: many districts there are no public schools and conditions differ "We came through all right, and shall do so again."

In commenting on present conditions Sir VVilfred Grenfell says: "To adopt an attitude of defeatism is a negation of our heritage as a Viking race."

-The Christian World.

To Aid German Protestants !hese schools have within a year able difficulty, largely from two Recent reports from Germany Increased from 102 schools with causes, the persistence of the 8,300 pupils to 341 schools with religious spirit in groups and disclose distressing conditions 28,5~4 pupils. The Zoe Society individuals, and inertia on the publIshes religious periodical part of the anti-religious workamong the evangelical benevo- ers. With the best intentions in weeklies and numerous religious the world (or should one say lent institutions and welfare and ethical books. The chief the worst intentions?) the lead- ers of anti-Christian hostilities agencies. The economic depres- aim of this literature is "to in- have been unable to maintain a glowing missionary zeal in sion has brought these institu- fluence the mind and heart for their followers for their war the formation of right convic- against religion. In a phrase of tions to the verge of bankrupt- their own, "Indifference cuts tions and Christian character without a knife," and the "Ascy. The Lutheran Inner Mission and to effect a conscious bond sociation of the Militant God- less" is not meeting with any Union, the central organization with the Church." There have considerable success. also been undertaken various which has supervision over t1h2~t- pedagogical pro j e c t s. Last -The Living Church. 000 institutions, reports Christmas eve student groups AFRICA from January 1, 1931, to March sang the carols and collected Sudan School for Agriculture 31, 1932, 123 Protestant homes, over 2,500 drachmas, with which were prepared and dis- Of all the countries of the Near equipped with full residential tributed to poor children 328 East, probably the Sudan is least affected by the present facilities, had already been suits of clothing sewed free of financial depression. There has charge. The spirit of brotherabandoned, and the list was hood has been fostered among growing from week to week. the schools by reciprocal visits and correspondence. Mission This situation has led the Cen- clubs within the schools help to tral Bureau for Relief of Evan- foster the missionary spirit. The gelical Churches of Europe to inaugurate a special appeal for German Protestant Relief, real- izing that this is a bulwark be- tween the contending forces of demagogues and atheists.

Russian Work in Poland Zoe Society supports a number been very little unrest. A large "In Poland there are about ten of field workers who tour the proportion of missionary effort million Russians and Ukrain- country in the interest of re- has been expended on the ians. The country is in the ligious education. Lately the schools, and among these the J. grip of Roman Catholicism, and Zoe Society has received the Kelly Giffen School for Agricul- I was several times in danger of blessing of the Archbishop of ture is winning its way in spite losing even life," writes Rev. 1. Athens, and the Greek ecclesias- of being understaffed and run- V. Neprash in the Watchman- tics are encouraging its work. ning on a skeleton budget. From Examiner. "The evangelical unexpected sources there are work grows remarkably, and Bulgaria's Religious Program coming tributes to its usefulthe number of the converts is ness as the only agricultural far beyond the ability of the On the initiative of the Y. M. school in the Sudan. In a deworkers to train them in Chris- C. A., a special committee has pression year the school regrets tion life. Of unusual success been formed in Bulgaria for that it cannot supply all the positive Christian propaganda persons who desire the agriculhave been the six courses for as the best means of combating ture farm milk. Because of a workers. Two hundred and the effects of anti-religious edu- lessened staff, the school has sixty-three students took the cation. Leading authors and not held its usual Agriculture courses, besides one hundred clergymen are participating, Exposition. A near relative of and fifty or more who listened. and the holy synod of the Bul- the Mahdi is numbered among The increased blessing after garian Church, in spite of ex- the students. treme economic difficulties, has these courses was so evident assigned 100,000 levas for the The Gospel and the African that government officials became committee's work. Literature interested in my ministry. The now in preparation includes a Dr. Hetherwick, who, with Dr. work will be followed by letters series of handbills for popular Robert Laws, was an outstandand literature." use, special sermons, material ing pioneer of Christianity in Zoe Society of Greece for priests and several pam- Central Africa, says in his book A gratifying report is made phlets for the use of teachers, entitled "The Gospel and the African" : by the Zoe Society of Athens prepared as a direct reply to regarding the growth of the The conception of the Christian catechetical schools of the Greek· communist anti-religious agita- Church brings to the African a wider tion. -Christian Century. and fuller sense of unity than he hith- erto conceived of in his village, clan Orthodox Church. In Athens Religion Not Dead in Russia and tribal institution. By his memand its suburbs the fourteen Attempts to organize anti-reli- ~ership in the Church he is brought schools of last year have become gious activity in Soviet Russia mto a new relationship with peoples twenty-five, with 5,491 regis- continue to meet with consider- ~nd races, with tribes and tongues liv- mg far away from the villages on the tered students. In all Greece

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Shire Highlands or along the shores to the missionaries and to the in any form it suggests tyranof Lake Nyasa. A striking instance ny, slavery, polygamy, and an of this occurred several years ago un- Ovimbundu church to complete obnoxious brotherhood with der my own observation, an instance the work of evangelizing his races which both countries deof that feeling of unity and mutual tribe. The one thousand five responsibility which is one of the hundred people present rose test. Rulers of both countries pleasing fruits of Christianity. Thir- agree that to let their subjects ty years ago, on the occasion of a and sang "Praise God from drift into agnosticism would be great famine in India, the members of to court disaster, and are con- whom all blessings flow." the young Christian churches in the -United Church Record.

Blantyre Mission, on hearing of the The Bantu Mind vinced that the Gospel of St. sufferings of their fellow Christians John, as the revelation of the there, "determined to send relief to The General Missionary Con- immaculate life, with its appeal ference of South Africa which to motherhood and sisterhood, their brethren" in the Punjab. They knew from experience what famine meant, but for the first time in their meets triennially is perhaps the as well as to brotherhood, is the lives they realized the new bond of most important religious con- most suitable textbook. brotherhood which Christianity had woven for them with a people in the vention held in South Africa. Anticipating the decision of far-off, hitherto unknown land of In- At no other gathering is there this conference, the Persian dia. so manifest the unity of the Government has. given permis- Mucomba, the Hunchback churches; and the pronounce- sion to missionaries – Roman ments made on trends in the re- Catholic and Episcopalian only South and east of the Kukema ligious and moral life of South -to introduce Christian Scripand Kuanza rivers, in West Afri<~a receive wide publicity in tures into the country. Packing Africa, is a region of eighty the press. The latest gathering cas e s containing 2,000,000 thousand square miles occupied in Pretoria discussed the by a tribe known as the Va- Church's supreme task of evan- copies of the New Testament Luimbe. It would be difficult to gelism. have already arrived and been find a people of deeper degreda- The Rev. P. Fatton of the franked through the customs tion. In 1925, money was given Swiss Mission, speaking on The free of duty. to start work among them. One Gospel and the Bantu Mind, -Chicago Tribune. of the first inquirers was a said that to the credit of the New Leper Hospital in Arabia hunchback named Mucomba. In Bantu could be put sociability, The Mission to Lepers is giving a short while he learned the genius for friendship, loyalty, financial assistance tot h e chief Bible stories, the Lord's courteousness, reverence, law- Church of Scotland Mission for Prayer, could sing hymns, ahidingness, obedience to recog- the medical work for the lepers which he translated into his nized authority, trustworthi- at Sheikh Othman, a town a own language, and even in ness, mental abilities, power of few miles out of Aden, thus learning Portuguese revealed a arguing and reasoning, gift of establishing a new link in the keen intellect. The work is car- languages, tolerance, grateful- leper work for Arabia. The hosried on in seven districts, each ness, absolute faith in the su- pital is an old Government Post under the supervision of a pernatural. To the debit side: House which has not been occu- Christian native elder. In 1930 self-conceit, cunning, cruelty, pied for many years. It stands each of these areas, on succes- hatred, jealousy, fatalism, care- in a large state garden and it is sive Sundays, took charge of the lessness, superstition. From the hoped that a good deal of garchurch service at the Chissamba Temple. On the day given over Christian point of view there den work will be available for was a fine asset in Bantu so- such lepers as are benefited by to the VaLuimbe district over ciability. They are a fundamen- muscular exercise. The hospital two hundred VaLuimbe pupils tally religious people. "To meet is capable of holding twenty-five appeared, some of whom had their aspirations," said Mr. cases – sixteen men and nine come eighty miles. Everything Fatton, "the message should be women. At present there are was carried on in the Luimbe threefold; social, moral and re- no women lepers in, but the language. Only the sermon ligious." male part of the hospital is well came through an interpreter. filled. Dr. Napier, assisted by a The choir was wonderful. The -South African Outlook. young Indian medical graduate singing of two duets by a boy from Bombay, is in charge of and girl produced a sensation. WESTERN ASIA The greatest surprise was the the work. sermon preached by Mucomba, Gospel Displaces Koran -Without the Camp.

A complete discredit of Moham- the hunchback. It had three medanism was discussed at a Persia's Modern Women meeting of the educational leadpoints: first, gratitude to God ers of Turkey and Persia in Regarding the new freedom of Tabriz last June. Both govern~ Mohammedan women in Persia, and to the Ovimbundu for ments have decided that teach- Mrs. J. D. Payne writes in the thinking of the VaLuimbe, de- ing a revised version of the Moody Monthly: graded though they were; sec- Koran would be a retrograde ond, the enlightenment and step, foredoomed to failure, for The veil is being discarded not only blessed influences of the Chris- in the capital city but even in such tian faith; the third, an appeal fanatical centers as Tabriz and Me-

shed. At the recent graduation in the the lives of young people, to Training Syrian Christians former city there were no veiled girls that extent only can we call it among the graduates. It is said there Evidences of missionary zeal successful. Self-discipline has among young Syrians in Travare as many as a hundred families in the greatest spiritual impor- ancore are seen in the new com- Meshed who are forging ahead for munity school for outcaste chil- dren. Christian students will real freedom for their women. "At tance. (3) The acquisition of train the boys until they are old the last minute," writes a mission- knowledge has value only as it enough to be settled on a piece ary's wife in Meshed, "I was prevent- enriches spiritual life. (4) of land and to earn their liv- Ideals are the blue prints of re- ing. The workers live in the ed from going to a tea at the home of greatest simplicity with the one of the teachers of the girls' boys, teaching them, playing with them, eating with them. school, and my husband went alone. ligious education. A school Upon arriving he was greeted at the should select a definite goal to The ancient Syrian Christian door by the hostess, an .almost un- be reached within a specified Church in Travancore is di- time. vided into groups, the principal heard of thing. He found several ones being the Jacobite, the other couples there, the wives com- Mar Thoma and the Anglican. Eleven years ago a group of pletely unveiled and very much at men from these three church- es founded the Union Christian their ease in the company of men. India and Prohibition College at Alwaye, governed by Three imported women's hats were Indian Christians. It has adoptbrought out and my husband was The difficulty in India is to ed what is known as the "conasked to indicate how they should be convert the Government to pro- science clause," which means worn." that the Hindus are under no hibition of intoxicants, rather obligation to attend the regular Scripture teaching given to the than the people. If a popular Christians. They can be reached only by quiet personal contacts. INDIA AND BURMA vote were taken the majority The colI e g e attempts to strengthen its Christian stu- Breaking Caste Rule would be for prohibition. But dents in the knowledge and leaders feel that the task of in- practice of faith by daily prayers in the hostels morning When Mahatma Gandhi began ducing the Government to adopt and evening, by services in the college chapel, Bible circles for his recent fast to protest anything but a revenue policy small groups of students on Sundays, and regular Scripture against the forming of separate is hopeless at present. teaching during the week.

electorates for the untouchables The Anglo-Indian Temper- Burma Christian Council the Hindu students of Ewing ance Association in London has The annual interdenominational Christian Council of Burma Christian College, Allahabad, decided to transfer most of the met July 15-19, with "The Kingdom of God in Burma" as began a one-day fast in sym- work to India. the central topic for discussion. Different phases presented inpathy. They then broke caste The governments in the dif- cluded Christian Literature, Daily Vacation Bible Schools, by inviting the "untouchable" ferent provinces are committed city and rural reconstruction, and Gospel Teams. students to a feast and ate with unfortunately to a policy of It was decided to change the them: This is a greater step popularizing the drink traffic. name of the Burma for Christ -Dnyanodaya. Movement to The Kingdom of than if Southern white students God Movement, which would better express the breadth of in America invite colored stu- its aim,and would also bring it into line with similar movedents to dine with them in their A Bengal Village School ments in India and Japan. The Council was fortunate in having homes. The Chapra Village Teachers' Dr. Stanley Jones, whose mes- A report also comes from sages were delivered before im- Training School is a combined Bombay that untouchability in mission endeavor, with the Rev. public places, such as schools, F. Ryrie of the Church of courts and offices, has been abol- Scotland as principal, to supply ished in the State of Bhor. This suitably trained teachers for was announced in the speech the village schools of the variopening the session of the State ous missions in Bengal. The Legislative Council on October total Indian staff in all depart- 19th. Bhor is a small State of ments numbers 21, all of whom 130,000 inhabitants near Poona. are Christians and 17 are for- Value in Religious Education mer students. The courses in- clude such subjects as the Rev. C. B. Hill, of Belgaum, study of union boards, cooper- last summer gave a series of ative banks, village uplift by lectures in Ahmednagar on the health work, the acquiring of a Charlerhouse program of re- trade and a knowledge of sim- ligions education. He drew a ple and improved agriculture.

square upon the blackboard, at An evangelistic camp is held the four corners of which he once a year, and students are wrote the words-worship, con- encouraged to help in Sunday duct, knowledge, ideals. schools, prayer meetings and (1) Genuine worship must· services in small hamlets. They consist in communion between go out for two weeks a year to the worshipper and God. (2) village schools for practice Conduct relates the worshipper teaching. The school completed to other men. To the extent that its fourth year in December, a program is able to take root in 1931.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

mense audiences of all creeds we will face a Communist now to be the primary concern of the and colors. China. Last May Molodaya National Government. Gvardia, a Russian monthly, -Burma Baptist Bulletin. published in Moscow, claimed VVork for Lepers that "200 out of 773 districts of SIAM Central and Southern China The Chinese Mission to Lepers, were under the control of the organized in 1926, includes News from Bangkok Soviet Government of China." among its officers and directors The population of these 200 dis- many prominent Christian Chi- An American missionary's wife tricts is estimated at about nese: President, Wm. Yinson writes in the China Critic: 60,000,000. It was stated that Lee; Vice-President, Dr. Fong the Chinese Red Army, num- F. Sec; General Secretary, Rev. The Chinese church in Bangkok has bering about 150,000, had been T. C. Wu. Already the Mission done well in sending funds to China able to fight off "the third cam- is functioning effectively. A for relief work. Last year they were paign undertaken by the Nan- series of fifteen charts, issued asked by the Chinese Chamber of king generals against the Chi- by this organization and dis- Commerce to give a program in one nese Soviet areas." tributed all over China, show of the theaters and ticals 1,200 were the comprehensive way i n turned into a fund for the flood suf- H. G. W. Woodhead, Editorial which these Chinese are carryferers, which sum was sent by the Associate of the Shanghai Eve- ing on their educational cam- Chamber of Commerce. The Chris- ning Post, speaks alarmingly of paign to remove the curse of tians have already sent one thousand the fact that the Sino-Japan- leprosy. They are working ticals to the National Christian Coun- ese hostilities in Manchuria and with the American Mission to cil in Shanghai and have almost an- Shanghai have resulted in the Lepers and the Mission to Lepother thousand ready to send. We do relaxation, if not the abandon- ers, London, with the ultimate not number rich people in our Chris- ment, of the Central Govern- hope that China may not only tian group. These last funds will ment's efforts to cope with the care for her own lepers propprobably be administered by the Red menace in China. Heavy erly but may finally rid the na- Christian churches. rainfall, floods, the revolt of tion of this dread disease which Gen. Shih Yu-shan, and the se- now claims about a million vic- CHINA cession of Canton, interfered tims in this country. The with the campaign, which came Nationalist Government espe- Flood Relief cially requested the Chinese to a standstill after the Japan- Mission to Lepers to help set up Dr. David A. Brown, chair- ese coup in Mukden. Mr. Wood- a program to free the nation of man of China Famine Relief, head continues: leprosy. U. S. A., is visiting the recently flooded sections as well as the The activities of the communists Place of the Home famine areas to study the work did not cease. They resumed their and to ascertain how American activities in Hupeh, Kiangsi and Fu- In an endeavor to touch one philanthropy can be of further kien, and slowly but surely regained of the mainsprings of Chinese assistance. He says in The Liv- lost ground, and occupied additional life, there has been aroused a ing Church: territory, until today they have well- new consciousness of the im- nigh succeeded in creating a semicir- portance of the home, and much China Famine Relief is the only or- cular belt, enclosing Chekiang and the thought has been given to efganization in the world that attempt- lower Yangtze, and extending almost forts to christianize the homeed substantial relief efforts during a from coast to coast through Fukien, life of China. The observance period when that country suffered the Kiangsi, Hunan, Hupeh, Anhwei and of a special Home Week among greatest famine in its history. Ap- Kiangsu. Christian people, the holding of proximately 35,000,000 people were a leader's conference to considaffected, and the work of the organi- We do not know how far genuine er problems affecting the home, zation has been such that it has built communism underlies the subversive and the preparation and distriup in China respect and love for the activities of the Chinese Reds, but the bution of literature have been people of America. Instead of limit- leaders have exploited the misery of useful. In not a few Christian ing our efforts to doling out food or the impoverished, hunger-stricken periodicals space has been given opening soup kitchens, we engaged in masses. to the home problems. The constructive work, such as road build- family is the backbone of Chiing, dike repairing, irrigation projects The real menace is not communism, na's national life, probably to a and well drilling, and employed the but the causes of communism. And greater extent than among any famine sufferers, paying them in food. these it is difficult, if not impossible, people of the earth. The efforts of China Famine Relief for an impoverished government to have so far resulted in procuring ap- eliminate. Yet this is now the most The Mois, of Dalat, Annam proximately $10,000,000 Mex. urgent of the many problems con- fronting the National Government. Mrs. E. F. Irwin, of Saigon, Dr. Brown stated that this Cochin-China, writes in the Alorganization began its work im- The danger ought to be recognized liance Weekly of an effort to mediately upon the news being and faced. The danger of cooperation reach the Mois, the "hill folk" received in America of the se- between the Reds and unpaid soldiery ries of floods in which some is constantly arising. It will continue 25,000,000 people suffered com- to recur until the anti-communist plete ruin. campaign is adequately financed and continuously pressed. The Red Peril in China To save the country from the an- Some Far Eastern English lan- archy, chaos and 'interminable bloodguage editors declare that if the shed that would result from another Red Peril is not soon checked year of unchecked Red activities ought

of Dalat, Annam. The govern- gelize and educate for a more an. To that place he invited ment will not give permission Christian future. A new I y ex-convicts to live and work to visit the villages of these organized Foreign Missionary with him, and gradually huntribesmen, and the Mois them- Society proposes to carry the dreds of such were converted, selves do not wish the white Gospel to Japanese emigrants proving the falsity of that man to enter. But representa- in Brazil, Hawaii, California and statement of Lombroso.-Christives from different tribes come elsewhere. Similarly the Japan tian World Facts. to buy and sell at the Dalat Christian Education Associamarket. They must remain sev- tion has recently taken on en- Challenging Resolutions eral nights, and are invited to larged activity. Its summer The annual meeting of the Fedconsider the mission grounds as school centered the courses eration of Christian Missions in their abode until they return to around Bible study and evan- Japan, held at Karuizawa in their villages. Until recently it gelism, especially the practical July, took as its theme "The was impossible to persuade application of Christianity to Missionary Today." Among the them to come, but many are present world conditions. The subjects discussed were "The beginning to remain and hear Japan Methodist Church has Missionary and Social Probthe story of the Cross. The embarked upon an impressive lems," "Projecting the Kingdom missionary hires as many men campaign of evangelism among of God Movement," "The New as he can afford to work on the the Japanese in Manchuria, Missionary Movement and the mission property in order that while the Kingdom of God Home Church," and "The Mesthey may hear of the Saviour, Movement is pressing its pro- sage of the Missionary to the return to their homes, and tell gram into the remotest regions, Present Age." The Committee others of Him. Every day at both urban and rural. Plans of Findings brought in an espenoon a service is held for all are laid with a view to elimi- cially helpful report on "The the Mois who are on the prem… nating denominational duplica- New Missionary Movement and ises; but if a crowd comes to tion. the Home Church." Among its sell its wares, a meeting is held Redeeming Criminals declarations were an unwilling- at once. Recently, a new crowd ness to consider a retrenchment came, from a different tribe, Shimpei Homma, a carpenter policy; the continued need of and delighted the missionaries in an inland Japanese city, missionary cooperation, espe- by the questions asked. when his trade was slack, would cially in rural work; the pri- Taonan, Manchuria pull a ricksha to eke out a liv- mary importance of training ing. One day a judge from Christian leaders; a suggestion In the last three years the Tokyo rode in his ricksha, fell for a Committee on Comity; a chapel in Taonan, Manchuria, asleep during the journey, and new boldness in condemning has been enlarged three times. dropped a book into the street. war, economic exploitation, Dr. Jonathan Goforth was in- Homma picked it up and offered commercialized vice, intempervited to hold a Revival Mission it to the judge, but the latter ance, child labor and intense there recently, and though the declined it, saying it was too nationalism; and the importplace had had every partition dirty. Homma found it to be ance 0 f demonstrating the torn down, the chapel was in English! It took him about Christian faith in daily life and crowded to capacity at every three years to learn enough sacrificial giving. meeting. During the revival English to read that book, but -Christian Intelligencer. the matter of building a church he did it, beginning with his was taken up with great enthu- a-b-c'sJ All Korea Campaign siasm. Within four days $1,170 Then he discovered it to be Presbyterian and Methodist was subscribed to put up a a book on Criminology, by the churches in Korea have united building to seat at least 1,000. Italian authority Lombroso. The in a common program for an One of the contributors was the book said there is no hope for All-Korea Evangelistic Camgateman who promised a whole the repentance of criminals. paign. Beginning October 16, This statement made Mr. Hom- and continuing for six weeks, month's wages. Besides evangelism in the rna indignant and he thought each of the 2,500 churches city of Taonan, many places that if one would live with a joined in the movement setting have been reached in the re- criminal, and be kind enough to aside Sunday evenings or midgions beyond. There are now help him, then there would be week prayer service for the four important substations; all hope. By that time he had be- study of personal evangelism. of these have evangelists in come a Christian, and he went November 27 is known as "Decharge.-Evangelical Christian. to Tokyo to work as a carpen- cision Day," when it was hoped ter. He was appointed over that every member would give JAPAN-CHOSEN two thousand stonebreakers, the church officers the name of Christian Activities building a palace for the J ap- at least three non-Christian anese Emperor. Homma did friends for whose conversion Japanese Christians seem more well and earned enough to buy special effort is made. Each than ever determined to evan- a marble quarry in West J ap- church has organized personal

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

workers' bands and made other work it has recently added four with six outlying stations; in plans for special evangelistic others dealing with general the Langa-Langa Lagoon a work. Sunday evening services education, health, economic betthroughout the winter will be terment and recreation. An ele- healthy indigenous church, with especially evangelistic. The slo- ment of strength is that the more than 2,000 true Chrisgan adopted is "Make all Korea plan is essentially indigenous. tians in the district. Bible Conscious This Year!" A Governor's Tribute GENERAL Christian Literature Society General Sir George Richardson, A Year with C. M. A. In 1931, exactly 41 years after Administrator of western Sathe adoption of the first consti- moa from 1923-1928, pays high The Christian and Missionary tution of the Christian Litera- tribute to workers in mission ture Society, and 20 years after fields as of most valuable assist- Alliance presents the following the erection of the first building ance in promoting the true welin Seoul, on the same site, was fare of the people and as advis- report for the past year: completed the present $60,000 ers to the government in native building. problems. But for the mission- Eleven new stations were aries, he affirms, good govern- There is now a Korean staff ment in the South Seas would opened in 1931 in 11 fields; also of 32 clerks, editors, proofread- be impossible. ers, salesmen, secretaries and 102 outstations. A comparative packers, and a foreign staff of Dur.ing Sir George's regime four. The Society has an an- in Samoa he endeavored to table summarizes the achievenual budget of nearly $50,000. carry out the following policy: (1) Health – to eradicate dis- ments: During the last 20 years the ease and promote child welfare. Soc i e t y has sold 3,210,000 (2) Education – to suit educa- 1921 1931 Christian books, 3,227,000 peri- tion to the natives' need and 20 odicals, and 23,580,000 tracts. not copy European systems. (3) Number of Fields……• 16 The total circulation for these Agriculture-to teach the most 151 two decades has been 32,000,- profitable use of the land and N wnber of Stations…. . 131 400 000 copies, or an average of 1,- encourage industry. 600,000 per year.-Korea Mis- Missionaries on Field.. . 327 52 sion Field. -The Open Door. Missionaries on Furlough 62 45 ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC In the Solomon Islands 497 Missionaries Detsined at 1,282 Community Parish in Resulting from the labors of 482 Rhilippines the South Sea Evangelical Mis- Home ………….. . 2'5 28,767 sion, little Christian villages 4,729 Doctor Kenyon L. Butterfield have sprung up on three of the Nwnber of Missionaries. 414 12,620 writes that he was able to dis- Solomon Group. It is to these 654 cover in the Philippines a villages the heathen come if Native Workers…….. . 774 29,280 church, in existence for many they decide to follow Christ, for 13 years, which has already dem- the daily life of the people is Churches ………… .. 140 onstrated the principles of so bound up with heathen wor- 346 rural community cooperation. ship and tabus as to make it Church Membership.•.. 12,681 This is on the island of Negros. impossible for a Christian to re- $44,956.49 It contains about thirty thou- main in a heathen village. He Baptisms during Year .. 1,466 sand people, half of them in would be constantly breaking the market town at the seashore these tabus, thus incurring the Inquirers during Year .. 4,240 and the other half scattered on wrath of their devil-devils, and the land up two valleys that bringing sickness to the village. Sunday Schools…….. . 19'6 converge at the town. Prot- Those who come to school have estant workers there had to de- very little light; but as they go Sunday School Scholars. 10,660 cide between a number of small day by day they hear the VVay weak churches or one strong plainly preached, and before Bible Training Schools.. 13 church. They chose the latter long they are truly born again. and there is now a church of This they call "signing 'long Bible Training School fifteen hundred members, self- Jesus," for they think of their supporting, with an able pas- names being entered in the Students ………… . 342 tor, carrying on regular work Book of Life somewhat as they. in nineteen districts throughout are "Signed on" for plantation Native Offerings (Value the parish. To the four depart- work. ments of elders, deacons, reli- in U. S. Gold)……. $23,201.58 gious education and women's On Malaita there is a main station and training school, To End Slavery The Archbishops of Canter- bury and York, with other church leaders in England, have issued a letter urging the end of slavery throughout the world, in connection with the centenary next July of the abo- lition of slavery in British pos- sessions. This act of church leaders is a reflection of the efforts being made by the League of Nations to the same end. It has been estimated that between 4,000,000 and 6,000,000 human beings are still held as property, with the rights of sale vested in other persons. The letter says: We express our grateful thanks for any such local effort made to draw public attention to Britain's efforts to abolish the crime of slavery, more particularly where such effort takes the form of drawing the attention of congregations to the far more difficult task to which the League of Nations stands committed. The death of Wil- berforce took place on July 29, 1833, . and it has been suggested that clergy and ministers may feel able to refer to abolition during service on one Sunday in July, 1933. Britain's action 100 years ago has always been re- garded as of profound historic import.

-The Churchman.

Communism as a Pathfinder mission fields of the Foreign and does for us He can be and do Mission Society should have for all men. A missionary of the Basel reached 19,853, a record that Mission, writing from China, has been exceeded only seven 5. We believe that, having says that communism is truly times in the 118 years of the found in Jesus Christ, our Reanti-Christian. He says that Society's history. Baptism sta- deemer, the supreme revelation not only the conditions in tistics in themselves, however, of God and having discovered Russia bear out his statement, can never accurately reflect our fellowship with Him to be but that also the latest records Christian progress. The King- our most priceless treasure and of the Basel Mission Society in- dom of God advances visibly the only adequate way to spiritdicate the truth. When four of and invisibly. Its progress is ual life, we should have an their missionaries were in the seen in developments that can overmastering desire to share hands of the communists and neither be calculated in terms Him with others and very spehe and others were fleeing of arithmetic nor measured in cially with those who are His homeless from one place to an- statistical reports.-The. Watch- own people according to the other, in order to escape the man-Examiner. flesh. We therefore have a red peril, he was ready to sub- clear and compelling evangelisscribe to the declaration of a Missionary Expenditure tic purpose so to present Jesus friendly American missionary, Christ, by word and deed, to the that missions in China were Dr. Warnshuis has prepared the Jews, that they may be attractforever done for. following table: ed to His personality and recog- nize Him as their Christ, as in Not being at liberty to leave '!'he Aggregate Expenditure of the 'Mission- truth He was and is (Christians his field, he resolved to remain and Jews, p. 131). with the hope that the power ary Societies Cooperating in the National of the Gospel must win out in The chief subjects of discusthe long run. This hope has Missionary Organizations Represented in the sion were the treatment of antinot been disappointed. Mis- Semitism, the church fellowship sions were not annihilated; but International Missionary Council in the of Hebrew Christians (whether communism has lost large areas or not a distinctive Hebrewof influence in the regions Years 1928 and 1930. Christian Church would be dewhere it dominated. sirable) and literature. The Average committee expressed itself em- So far as the lower classes phatically as deploring the conare concerned, the communists 1928 1930 in dollars tinued existence of prejudice, have held forth promises of so- and welcoming every approach cial improvement which they Australia £ 285.701" 285.701* $1.390.381 between Jew and Christian, and were not able to fulfil. Before "it will seek to foster study and their coming, the social aspects Belgium Fr. 207.828 130.134 4.676 discussion of the realities of the had not been prominent. Now, situation in the hope of leading however, by their failure a Denmark Kr. 2.061.520 1.980.914 537.282 to definite efforts to eliminate vacuum has been created in the evil." hungry souls and it is up to the Finland M. 4.241.289 4.290.000 111.005 missionary to give answer to Dr. Conrad Hoffmann, the Dithe problems raised. France Fr. 3.381.966 5.418.280 166.912 rector of the Department, ex- pects to be in America until the The upper classes, which in Germany M. 5.860.400 7.286.703 1.527.125 early part of 1933. China have been living "on the sweat and blood of the poor," Great Does Prayer Change Anything? are beginning to see what Christ meant in speaking of the Britain £ 2.308.704 2.286.663 11.178.956 It changes me. The personal difficulties for a rich man to reactions which take place when enter the Kingdom of God. Latin one prays habitually and in sim- Now the rich have become more ple, straightforward, earnest receptive to the Gospel. Com- America $ 4.402.657 4.511.25111 4.386.209 fashion, are too manifest to be munism has, in a different way questioned. Does anything ever from what it intended, put rich Nether- change a man's inner life and and poor on the same basis. disposition so rapidly, so thor- lands Fl. 1.350.564 1.066.572 481.882 oughly, so permanently as the -Der Heidenbote. habit of prayer? New Baptist Growth It changes the atmosphere. Zealand £ 96.950 90.000 460.537 This is done in the home in The year has witnessed a re- such a way as to affect the markable advance in evangel- North lives of the entire family when ism in Baptist missions. It is the members of that family significant that in a year of Americat $ 27.515.956 28.824.927 28.288.274 meet daily and kneel before depression accessions to Baptist Church membership in the ten Norway Kr. 3.240.510 2.800.000 700.062 Sweden Kr. 4.016.107 3.992.717 1.128.703 Switzer- land Fr. 1.322.887 1.507.289 279.038 South Africa £ 100.000 150.000 632.653 — $51.273.695 * Figures for 1927. t Exclusive of expenditure in Latin America.

:I: Estimated. II Exclusive of one large mission board.

Christian Approach to the Jews The International Committee on the Christian Approach to the Jews met at Digswell Park, Welwyn, near London, on June 13th and 14th, 1932.

The committee reaffirmed the findings of the conference held at Atlantic City in May, 1931, on the aim and basis of the Christian Approach to the Jew, as follows: 1. We are profoundly con- vinced that Jesus Christ is God's answer to the whole world's· need. Having found Him to be the Way, the Truth and the Life for ourselves, we are persuaded that what He is

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

their Maker in prayer for help Dr. John McDowell, a Secretary of Obituary Notes and guidance to live aright. the Presbyterian Board of National Missions, will give his entire time to The Rev. Lloyd P. Henderson, for It changes the atmosphere of "the responsibility of the Church for twelve years a missionary of the a community where places and industrial and social relations." American Presbyterian Church, and habits of prayer are main- stationed at Hsinpin, Manchuria, was tained. It changes the atmos- * *' * killed on October 15th. Mr. Henderphere of a college where those son was in a party traveling from values in life which are su- Mr. W. H.P. Anderson, General Sec- Hsinpin to the Mukden-Hailung Railpreme and lasting are exalted retary of the Mission to Lepers, Lon- way when the party was suddenly atby the maintenance of services don, is making an extended tour of tacked by "bandits" and Mr. Henderof prayer. leper colonies in Japan, Formosa and son was killed. China. It opens doors into the Un- *** seen Order. This Kingdom of * *' * Heaven enfolds us all. The open- The Rev. Bert Nelson, a missionary of ing of the doors make possible Hugh R. Monro of Montclair, N. J., a the American Lutheran Church, has the direct approach and the layman, active in many phases of been reported killed by communists in ministry of the Spirit of the Christian work, has received the de- China on August 24th. Mr. Nelson Father. My own deepest in- gree of LL. D. from Cumberland Uni- went to China in 1917 and was stastincts, when my mind is clear- versity, Tennessee. He is Chairman tioned at Kwangshau, Honan Province. est and my heart purest, the of the North America Administrative Two years ago he was taken captive, experiences of praying people Committee of the WorId's Sunday with the Rev. K. N. Tvedt (who was in all lands and ages, and the School Association, and President of later released) and was held for rantestimony and practice of Jesus the Stony Brook Assembly. som. Mr. Nelson was taken to Chili- Christ, all confirm the claims ping, Hupeh Province, where he was that I make for prayer. * *' * put to death because of the commun- ists' hostility to Americans. -CHARLES R. BROWN. Charles Edward Vail, M. D., an Amer- ican Presbyterian medical missionary *** General Gordon on Public surgeon in charge of Miraj Hospital., Opinion India, has been awarded the gold Dr. Isaac Oluwole, African Assistant Kaiser-I-Hind medal for his distin- Bishop of Lagos, died July 22 after a All this caring for what peo- guished medical service in India. This Christian service of 61 years. ple will say is from pride. Hoist is the second time King George has your flag, and abide by it; in an honored Dr. Vail. *** infinitely short time all secret things will be divulged; there- *** Rev. Percy Smith, Methodist missionfore, if you are misjudged, why ary in North Africa and a recognized trouble to put yourself right? Dr. Adolf Keller, director of the Cen- authority on Christian literature in You have no idea of what a lot tral Bureau for the Relief of the the Arabic language, died in England of trouble it saves you. Give Evangelical Churches of Europe, is August 31. your advice, give your opinion visiting America. on all subjects; if neither are *** approved, what does it signify? ** * Roll your burden on Him and Rev. George F. Pykett, Methodist mis- He will make straight your mis- Dr. Daniel G. Lai of Shanghai, China, sionary in Malaya for 41 years, died takes. He will put you right is studying at the United States Ma- in England September 9. with those with whom you have rine Hospital, Carville, Louisiana, speset yourself wrong. cailizing in leper work. Dr. Lai was Dates to Remember the college physician at the Univer- CHARLES GORDON, 1877. sity of Shanghai. December 3-5-United Stewardship Council, Indianapolis, Ind. Personal Items *** December 4-Universal Bible Sunday. Dr. Arthur V. Casselman, who has Dr. T. Albert Moore has been elected held successive positions in mission- Moderator of the General Council of December 6-10-Quadrennial Meeting ary statesmanship for the Reformed the United Church of Canada. Dr. of the Federal Council of Churches Church in the United States, has been Moore was born in Acton, Ontario, of Christ in America. Indianapolis, called to be Associate Secretary of seventy-five years ago and was secre- Ind. the Board of Foreign Missions of that tary of the Methodist General Conferchurch. ence from 1906 to the union, and has December 19-22-Foreign Missions since been secretary of the General Conference of North America. * *' * Council. Briarcliff Manor, New York.

Dr. J. C. Robbins, of the Baptist For- *** January 5-February 16, 1933-Rural eign Missions Society, is making an Christian Workers' Conference. extended visit to mission fields of In- The Rev. A. M. Chirgwin has recently Scarritt College for Christian Workdia and Burma. been appointed General Secretary of ers, Nashville, Tenn. the London Missionary Society. For twelve years he has been Assistant January 9-11-Annual Home Missions 'Secretary in the Home Department, Conference. Briarcliff Manor, New and for the last three years has been York. one of the Foreign Secretaries. Among the books he has written are "War- January 15-February 8–Florida Chain faring for Christ" and "An African of Missionary Assemblies. Pilgrimage." January 17-20-Cause and Cure of *** War Conference. Washington, D. C.

The Rev. Leland Foster Wood, Ph.D., January 23-February 18–Cornell former Professor of Social Ethics in School for Missionaries. Cornell Colgate-Rochester Divinity School, University, Ithaca, N. Y. has taken up his duties as Secretary of the Federal Council's Committee on Marriage and the Home.

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Our Missionary Bookshelf Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~=~======~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I~ The Other Spanish Christ. By John 90.) and deserves a wide read- . Th~ book calls strongly for A. Mackay, Litt. D. Maps and !l- mg. It may well be chosen as the mtellIgent planning for world Ius. 8 vo. 288 pp. 98. net. Student "Religious Book of the Month" evangelization. The author says: Christian Movement Press. London for January. .M~rely to look at the work of one 1932. .

Here is an unusual presenta- The Frontier Peoples of India. Alex- n:IssI~n te~ls us little as to the actual ySvIteuamtIOusnt m the country concerned. tion roefligiSopuasnihsihstorAym, ecrhiacraancs~ a,nder McLeish. 202 pp. Illustra- have a really comprehensive the!r . tIOns. $2. World Dominion Press. Idea of. a;ll the relevant facts. The New York and London. 1931. terIshcs and philosophy. Here world VISIOn of Jesus and the world we make the acquaintance of The mountainous borders of task He. set before His disciples de- India are the dwelling of mill- ions of virile and picturesque mand thIS. ~eople who have been relatively Spaniards and their descend- h.ttle touched by Christian Mis- A. E. HARPER, Moga. SIOns. The unfinished task of ants, who have determined the evangelization is vividly pic- Modern .India. Edited by Sir John Cummmg. 8vo. 304 pp. Oxford political, intellectual and reli- tured. Dr. McLeish, a well- Press. London. 1932. known missionary who for the gious development of Mexico, last twenty-five years has re- sided in and traveled through Central and South America. nearly every part of the area This survey; to which seven- Dr. Mackay has spent some knows the frontier peoples of t~en authors contribute, is re- twenty years as a missionary India. ':Ised f~om the first edition pub- This account of the "regions and teacher in Peru; he has lIshed m 1931. It is a valuable ~raveled and .studied extensively beyond" is a learned and accu- rate survey, yet it is not dull. ~and ~ook in popular style dealmother Latm American coun- Well written descriptions of the geology, the flora and fauna of mg WIth the country and peotries and has a wide and clear the region make the picture of the background of these people ples, the government and army knowledge of these people and both comprehensive and clear. ~ppendix XVII gives sugges- law. and education, culture and their culture. His new approach bons for mission study groups and valuable helps in the form agriculture, r ail way sand to the subject throws a flood of of questions, most of which ap- ply to the peoples of any land. finance, commerce and labor light on Spanish characteristics. The quotation from the words problems. Comparatively little The Iberian soul, as he sees of the Governor of the Panjab, sp~c~ is devoted to caste and it, is made up of intense indi-' concerning the missionary work relIgIOn, two of India's great- of Kashmir, is worth attention: viduality, passion, personal loy- est problems. The Round Table ~bove alI, let me say with all sinalty, low ethical standards and C~t;ty, I thmk that the missionary so- conferences are disposed of in cI~Ies whose field of activity lies in a desire for dominance. These less than a page. HSaurcchouaurtthBourts~ however, as Rev. qualities have shaped South American life and history. In ler and Sir William Barton give the exploitation of the new con- . ~s an understanding of some tinent by Spanish adventurers n.npor~ant factors on the Indian religion was a large wfaacstofr~ubltuyt situabon. They deal with facts their evangelization rather than with partisan views and empty of spiritual results. or arguments. The authors ap- H~arts were not changed; parently know little of Chris- ~momrsdhs~pwweraes onfofet reednltioghrteebnaepd~' tia~. missions in India. Sir PhIlIp Hartog, w r i tin g on hzed Idols. The Indians were "Education," rem ark s that never truly christianized by the "Christian .mission~ were among Spanish and Portuguese. In thI.S country, often experience disap- ~he first pIOneers m EdUcation pomtm~nt that the actual process of fact, the mixed colonists became conversI!>n to Christianity makes a m all. grades and, especially in largely paganized. The zeal of less rapId advance than their support- C?lleglate work, their educa- the Papacy is ever for domi- ers could wish; but I often feel that bonal activities have been alnance. Protestant Christians t~ey ov~rlook the very great contribu- most entirely divorced from tion whIch they make to India in anhave stimulated the quest for a other direction. The presence among proselytizing activities." new and Living Way, enlight-· The chapters in this volume ened thinking and improved so- us of a number of men and women lead!ng a life of devotion and self- are definitely from British of- cial conditions. socnfice, not merely in the cause of ficial point of view. They show arenldigiinont,hbeuptrionvitshieoncaoufsme eodficeadlucasastiiostn~ "The Other Spanish Christ" what has been done for India's is so<?n to appear in America ance, cannot but be of enormous value material and cultural advance- (publIshed by the Macmillan to this country. ment but the moral and spirit- [ 676]

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

ual conditions and needs of the lick expounded the type of Jews of Barnow," might be repeople are largely overlooked. Christian apologetics that was published. The sketches of Sol- most characteristic of his later omon L. Ginsburg, Isidor Loew- John Thomas Gulick-Evolutionist thinking. It had three main enthal and Bishop Schereschew- and Missionary. By Addison Gul- features-(l) an investigation sky remind us of the great debt ick. Illus. 8vo. 555 pp. $4. Uni- of the main sources of scientific of the Christian Church to Jew- versity of Chicago Press. 1932. judgment; (2) an exposition of ish Christian missionaries. "A the philosophical grounds for Jewish Christian on the Bow- The son, a professor in the his faith in a righteous and ery," and the "Matter of the University of Missouri, has told moral personal deity; and (3) Mission" are worthy of being the story of his father's varied the maintenance, on historical broadcast for they furnish the life with a view to giving an grounds, of the historical suauthentic record of Dr. Gulick's premacy and pragmatic sound- best possible answer to those interesting experiences, his ness of the religious and ethical studies in natural history and message found in the Gospels." who question the worthwhile his thoughts on religion and Other points in the Christian character of Jewish evangelizaphilosophy. His particular tion. hobby was science and during faith-as to the authority of the his life in Hawaii he gave much Under the Southern Cross. By John time to the investigation of the Bible, the deity of Christ, the Christiansen. Maps and illus. 220 shellfish found in those waters. miracles, the atonement and the pp. $1. Published by the Author. He wrote many papers on this resurrection, Dr. Gulick "never Chicago. 1932. subject and his views of evolu- taught these beliefs in his later tion were written for several years" and "treated them all as This history of the developscientific journals between 1856 secondary problems." ment of the mission work, carand 1914. His religious and ried on by the Scandanavian missionary writings were gen- One of the most interesting Alliance since 1906 in Western erally theoretical discussions re- portions of the biography is the Venezuela and Eastern Colomlated to social, philosophical and correspondence between Dr. Gu- bia, is made up largely of the scientific subjects. lick and George J. Romanes of personal experiences of the mis- London. These letters relate to sionaries and natives who have John Thomas Gulick was religion as viewed by two earn- embraced evangelical Christianborn in Hawaii in 1832, of the est men of science. George J. ity. The reader will obtain a famous Gulick missionary stock. Romanes' return to belief in clear idea of the difficulties in- After spending his boyhood God and in Christ, after a pe- volved in pioneer mission work there and his early manhood in riod of rationalistic agnosti- in Latin America and the power America and Micronesia, he cism, is revealed in his of the Gospel to change human went as a missionary of the "Thoughts on Religion." lives. The chapters that relate American Board to China and the beginnings and development later to Japan, dying in Hawaii When Jews Face Christ. Edited by of the work in the "Llanos" at the age of 91. The story of Henry Einspruch. Baltimore, The are especially interesting since his life has much of real inter- Mediator. 188 pp. $1.25. they deal with a section of est and value but for the gen- country that is little known and eral reader it might better have Christian work for Jews is amidst a civilization that is been told in one-half the space. abundantly justified by its rich quite distinctive. It has the ear- fruitage. Though volumes might marks of a genuinely truthful Dr. Gulick maintained his be written concerning Chris- narrative. faith in Christ as the perfect tians from the Jewish race who manifestation of life and mor- have rendered conspicuous serv- W. E. VANDERBILT, Principal als, and believed in the unique ice in the cause of Christ, there "Colegio Americano para Varones" value of the Gospel Message,' are many Gentile Christians but in his later life he departed who have little or no knowl- Barranquilla, Colombia. widely from some "orthodox" edge of their achievements. This Christian views. After he went volume of biographical sketches A Jolly Journal. By Isabel Crawford. to Japan, we read in his biogra- is a real contribution to the Illus. 12mo. 158 pp. $1.50. phy, "His isolation theory (con- cause of Hebrew Christianity. Revell. New York. 1932. cerned with divergent evolu- The editor has made wide selection) . '.' clinched the char- tion of subjects and authors, There is a humorous side to acter of his religious work for and every sketch has literary missionary life if one has keen the rest of his career. Earlier, quality. The element of romance sense to appreciate it. Miss and especially in China, he had adds greatly to their charm. Ed- Crawford, a Baptist missionary been essentially an evangelistic ward Steiner's "My First Com- to the Indians for over forty missionary of the more usual munion," has the delicate touch years, recalls many amusing stamp. . . But he had become of that gifted writer. "The incidents that have come in her transformed into a scientist Nameless Grave," by Karl Emil life in Canada, Dakota, and Okmissionary. . . In conversation Franzos, makes one wish that lahoma. Glimpses of her sucwith Japanese intellectuals, Gu- the author's entire volume, "The cessful missionary work, her courage and self-denial, and her love for the Indians, are also revealed in these anecdotes. Some are amusing and many

are illuminating sidelights on A Handbook for Missionary Workers concur in some of his interprethe hardships and rewards of a Among the American Indians has tations, but they will acknowlmissionary's life. It is a whole- been prepared by Mr. G. E. E. Lind- 'edge the devotional helpfulness some scrap book, furnishing quist, Missionary-at-Large of the of the volume as a whole, and worthwhile recreation for lighter Society for Propagating the Gospel particularly of the section on moments as well as food for Among the Indians. 50 cents. Home St. John's Gospel which opens thought. Missions Council, 105 East 22nd St., to the devout believer the very New York. heart of the Master and to Triumphant Christianity-The Life which "time has given the palm and Work of Lucy Seamen Bain- This will meet an expressed over all the books of the world." bridge, by the Rev. A. H. McKin- need on the part of mission- ney, D. D. 206 pp. $2. Revell. aries and other Christian lead- A.J. B. New York. 1932. ers among the Indians for a manual giving concisely and ac- The Cross-The Way to Glory Mrs. Bainbridge was one of curately such information as the saints of American Chris- Indian backgrounds, racial If thou, impatient, do let slip thy tianity. She devoted a long life characteristics and their signifi- cross, to Christian work in New York, cance, government relationship and to the training of Chris- to the Indian, characterization Thou wilt not find it in this world tian workers. Her friend and and geographical distribution again associate, Dr. McKinney, tells of tribal groups, qualifications the story of her life and work, of the missionary, and organi- Nor in another. Here and here alone with ample knowledge and full zation at work. The book also Is given thee to suffer for God's sake. sympathy. The reading of these contains an up-to-date bibliog- In other worlds we may more perpages should strengthen the raphy. conviction that there has lived fectly in a materialistic age and coun- Word Pictures in the New Testament Love Him and serve Him, praise Him, try one who, while actively la- -The Fourth Gospel and the Epis- Grow nearer and nearer to Him with boring for the welfare of her tle to the Hebrews. By Archibald fellow men, d e r i v e d the Thomas Robertson, D. D., LL. D. delight. strength of her life from the 451 pp. $3.50. Ray Long and Rich- But then we shall not any more indwelling Christ. Like Enoch ard R. Smith. New York. 1932. Be called to suffer, which is our apof old, Mrs. Bainbridge walked with God, and all who came in This will delight the rever- pointment here. contact with her took knowl- ent student of the Bible. The Can'st thou not suffer, then, one hcur edge of her that she had been author is the well known exposwith Jesus. She was a leader in itor, the Professor of New Tes- or two? the religious and philanthropic tament Interpretation in the If He should call thee from thy cross activities of a great city. And Southern Baptist Theological when she passed to her heaven- Seminary of Louisville, Ken- today, ly reward at a good old age, tucky. Thousands of ministers Saying, "It is finished, that hard cross thousands blessed her memory. and other Christian workers have heard him with profit at of thine, A. J. B. summer conferences, and his From which thou prayest for deliver- numerous books have been Scripture Calendars. 18. to 28. 6d. widely read. The present vol- ance." Bible Almanacs. 6d. to 48. each. ume is the fifth in a series of Thinkest thou not some passion of Golden Grain Diaries. Standard and six on "Word Pictures in the Pocket Sizes. 18. to 78. 6d. each. New Testament." His position regret Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow, Edin- is conservative and strongly Would overcome thee? Thou wouldst burgh and London. 1933. evangelical. He accepts the tra- ditional view of the authorship say, A large variety of Scripture of the Fourth Gospel by the "So soon? Let me go back and suffer calendars is offered in very at- aged Apostle John, and he suptractive form suitable for wall ports it by cogent arguments. yet awhile or desk. They contain selected He is not sure of the authorship More patiently. I have not yet Scripture texts for each day on of the Epistle to the Hebrews, separate leaves, accompanied by no one is; but he inclines with praised God." helpful comments by such well- Luther and several other schol- Whensoe'er it comes, that summons known speakers and writers as ars to "guess Apollos as the Spurgeon, Jowett, Morgan, most likely author." After in- that we look for, Pierson, Moule, Hopkins, Moody. troductions in which he dis- It will seem soon, too soon. Let us and others. The almanacs and cusses the general features and diaries contain useful informa- critical questions of the Gospel take heed in time tion, blank pages and daily and Epistle, he takes them up That God may be glorified in us. Scripture readings. Any of them textually by chapter and verse. make useful gifts and compan- "Liberals" probably will not Ugo Bassi (Roman) ions for the year. THE COMMUNITY CHURCHMAN There <Ire in Americ<l over two thousdnd community, union <lnd fed- erdted churches, most of which have come into being since the world war. Their experiments in community service and in prllcticdl Christi<ln unity lire regdrded liS vitdlly importdnt to the future of the church in America. The Community Churchmlln is II monthly of sixteen pages, with dbunddnt SPdce given to news of churches. It is now in its eleventh yedr dnd is the recognized orgdn of the community church movement.

• ONE YEAR, 51.00 SINGLE COPY, 10 Cents The Community Churchman PARK RIDGE, ILLINOIS

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China Today: Economic. J. B. Cond- . The Future of East and West: An The Uncut Nerve of Missions. Cleland liffe. 214 pp. 75 cents and $2.50~ Essay in Surm~ze. Sir Frederick B. McMee. 157 pp. $1.50. Revell. World Peace Foundation. Boston. Whyte. 18tl pp. 8s. 6d. Sidgwick New York, 1982. . Out of the Storm in China. William and Jackson, London.. B. Lipphard. 201 pp. $1.50. Jud- Problems of the Pacific, 1931. Edited Gold Cord-'-The Story'of a Fellowship. son Press. Philadelphia. by Bruno Lasker and W. L. HoI- Amy Carmichael. Illus. 876 pp. Christ in New Guinea. Joh. FierI. land. $5. University Press. Chi- 7s. 6d. Society fo.r Promoting Chris- Illus. Map. 208 pp. 75 cents. or cago. tian Knowledge. London, 1982. 2s. 6d. New Guinea Haus, Tanunda, Indigenous Ideals in Practice. Evan- gelistic Policy and Work in the The Red Man's Trail. Wm. B. Mor- S. Australia. rison. 182 pp. 50 cents. Presby- The Caste System of Northern India: Siaochang Field in North China. terian Committee of Publications. With Special Reference to the W. F. Rowlands. 48 pp. Is. World Richmond, Va. United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. Dominion Press. London. E. A. H. Blunt. 874 pp. 15s. Ox- Gateways of Hope: Being Glimpses Year Book of American Churches. ford University Press. London. of the Work of the Mission to Herman C. Weber. Federal Council Lepers. Illus. Maps. 81 pp. Is. of Churches. New York. Purdah: The Status of Indian Women. Mission to Lepers. London. Freda Hauswirth (Mrs. Sararigad- The Indigenous Church in Peru. John Young's Dictionary of Bible Words har Das). 299 pp. lOs. 6d. Kegan Ritchie. 89 pp. 6d. World Domin- and Synonyms. Robert Young. 156 Paul. London. ion Press. London. pp. 88. Pickering & Inglis. London. The Gospel and the African. The Daughters of Africa. G. A. Gollock. Croall Lectures for 1930-81 on the Abundant Grace. W. P. Mackay. 284 Illus. Map. 175 pp. 2s. 6d. and Impact of the Gospel on a Central pp. lB. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- 8s. 6d. Longmans. London. African People. Alexander Hether- don. . wick. 176 pp. $1.75. Scribner. Hunger and Work in a Savage Tribe. New York. His Mother's Book. Evelyn Everett- Audrey I. Richards. 289 pp. lOs. 6d. Routledge. London. Green. 190· pp. Is. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London. Notes on the History of the Tumbuka- The Cross and Indian Thought. V. Kamanga Peoples in the Northern Chakkarai. 292 pp. Re. 1.4. Chris- Elsie's Sacrifice. Norah C. Usher. 60 Province of Nyasaland. T. Cullen tian Literature Society. Madras. pp. 9s. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- Young. Map. 192 pp. 6s. Reli- Jeshua-A Story of the Life of Christ. don. gious Tract Society. London. A, V. Pohlman. 826 pp. $2.50. Consolation. Mrs. Chas. E. Cowman. The Jew Through the Centuries. Her- Moyer and Lotter. Philadelphia. 867 pp. $1.50. Oriental Missionary :r bert L. Willett..422 pp. $8. Wil- Father McShane of Maryknoll-Mis- Society. Los Angeles. lett, Clark. Chicago. sioner in South China. ames Ed- Religions in Various Cultures. Horace Asiatic Asia. S. K. Datta. 194 pp. ward Walsh. 227 pp. $1.00. Dial . L. Friess and Herbert W. Schneider. 7s.6d. Faber and Faber.. London. Press. New York. 586 pp. $5. Henry Holt & Co. New York.

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The Missionary Review of the World — September 1932

1932

A New Day in Old Persia Wm. N. Wysham Attempting the Impossible in Japan William Axling Leaves from an Oriental Diary Mary E. Moore Today in the New Hebrides Fred Bowie At Herrnhut–Two Centuries After Samuel M. Zwemer

time . .. to Dates to Remember been prominent in the section of poli-

tics relating to physical, moral and JAPAN • CHINA September 17-20-Bi-Annual Conven- mental development of women and tion, Evangelical B rot her h 0 0 d, children. and MANILA Evangelical Synod, St. Louis, Mo. *** Just 10 days to Yokohama! 4 September 28, 29-Committee of Refmore to Shanghai! If you take erence and Counsel, Foreign Mis- Gen. Chang Chin-Kiang has become Empress of Asia or Empress of sions Conference, New York, N. Y. a life member of the American Bible Russia, largest and fastest liners Society, the first Chinese to be placed on the Dire"t Express route ••• October I-Young People's Congress, on that roll. One of his chaplains straight across from Vancouver. Woman's Missionary Society, United gives this testimony: Lutheran Church, Baltimore, Md. If you want to go via Honolulu "In all these years I have never and still do it in record time ..• October 11-16-International Conven- known a single day when my chief then go on Empress ofJapan (the tion of the Disciples of Christ, In- did not find time for studying his Bi- Pacific's largest, fastest liner) or dianapolis, Ind. ble. Always, whether in camp or on on the huge, swift Empress of those long marches across Mongolia, Canada. Yokohama in only 13 October 12-22-Convention of the he gave his devotional life this daily days .•. including a Honolulu United L u the ran Church in food. Always there was pitched the visit! San Francisco and Los America, Philadelphia, Pa. prayer tent or, if we were housed in Angeles sailings connect with a temple, I have known him to lead these "Empresses" at Honolulu. October 18-24-Five Years Meeting his troops in worship in the courtyard of the Society of Friends, Richmond, before a gallery of idols. He believes On all "Empresses," a sumptu- Indiana. in searching the Scriptures." ous First Class … an unusually spacious, comfortable, well-ser- October 19 and 20-New York City. * ** viced Tourist Class. And the cost The annual meeting of The Ameris correspondingly lower! ican Mission to Lepers. Speakers Dr. iUOert Schweitzer of Africa, re- will include Dr. Sam Higginbottom, cently visited England and received All .. Empress" sailings from of India, and Dr. W. C. Terrill, of an honorary D. D. at Oxford. The Vancouver (trains direct to ship- Africa. A program of the meet- public orator of the university deside) and Victoria. Fares include ing can be 0 btained from The clared him to be eminent alike in passage from Seattle. American Mission to Lepers, 156 theology, philosophy, music and medi- Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. cine. Dr. Schweitzer plans to return Fastest by Direc-t Express to Africa at the end of the year. October 23-25-Biennial Convention, Empress of Russia •.• Sept. 10, Nov.,S Woman's Mis s ion a r y Society, *** Empress of Asia ……. Oct. 8, Dec. 3 United Lutheran Church, Baltimore, Md. The Rev. and Mrs. E. E. Calverley Fastest via Honolulu of the Arabian Mission of the Re- November 10-12-World Alliance for formed Church in America, identified Empress ofJapan … Sept. 24, Nov. 19 International Friendship through with both medical and evangelistic Empress of Canada … Oct. 22, Dec. 17 the Churches, New York. work in Kuwait, have recently re- signed as missionaries and Dr. Cal- Information, reservations, from November 25-28-Africa Conference, verley has been made a professor in your own agent, or Canadian Pa- Hartford, Conn. the Hartford School of Missions. cific offices in New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Montreal, and November 29-December 2-Interde- *** 31 other cities in U.S.and Canada. nominational Conference on the City and the Church in the Present Dr. O. R. Avison, President of Se- CANADIAN Crisis, Chicago, Ill. verance Union Medical School, Seoul, Korea; also President of Chosen PACIFIC Personal Items Christian College, has been decorated by the Emperor of Japan with "The • Dr. Sam Higginbottom, Principal of Order of the Sacred Treasure, Fourth Allahabad Agricultural Institute, is in Class." America on furlough. Recent action has consolidated the Institute 'with *** Ewing Christian College. Dr. Caleb Frank Gates, of Robert *** College, and Arabic scholar, and a leading member of the American com- The Rev. W. Reginald Wheeler, munity in Istanbul, left Turkey on from 1916 to 1921 a missionary in June 20th, after fifty-one years of China of the Presbyterian Church, U. arduous service. S. A., and for the past ten years an associate secretary of the Board in In 1881 he arrived at Mardin where charge of West Africa and Latin he spent thirteen years as a mission- American fields, has recently resigned ary of the American Board. He went this latter position to return to China to Harput College until 1902, going as a missionary, with his wife and through the Armenian massacre three sons. Mr. Wheeler was former- when he was compelled to abandon ly located in Hangchow, Chekiang, for his house. Dr. Gates became presi- three years and now is to join the dent of Robert College in 1903 and staff of Nanking University to teach made it the most important seat of English and to make evangelistic con- learning in Turkey. tacts with the students. Dr. John A. Mackay, formerly of South America, *** will take up Mr. Wheeler's work on the Board. Dr. Robert R. Moton has been awarded the 1931 Spingarn Medal. *** This is an annual award given by the National Association for the Ad'l1ance- Dr. Daw Saw Sa, of Rangoon, grad- ment of Colored People to the Negro uate of Judson College, has been made who makes the greatest contribution a member of the Rangoon Corpora- to the race during the year. tion, the first Burmese woman to sit on a legislative council. She has long *** The Rev. Arthur E. Harper of Moga, India, has received the degree of Doctor of Education from the Col- lege of Colorado. Dr. and Mrs.Harp- er are just completing their furlough year, during which they have visited many churches in the homeland.

"THE THE MISSIONARY REVIEW

GREATEST CHALLENGE TO NON-CHRISTIANS" THE WORLD IS WHAT GANDHI SAID DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor OF THE WORK OF THE MISSION TO LEPERS Vol. LV HEPT~;MBER, 1932 Xo. J Church groups and other organizations will ——-~——- find liThe New Day of Hope For Lepersll an FRONTISPIECE – THE OLD AND THE NEW IN attractive topic for discussion. THE NEW HEBRIDES September is the time for planning the season's program. Are TOPICS OF THE TIMES .. 467 you including the work for lepers in your meeting plans? Deductions from Deficits AMERICAN MISSION TO LEPERS Spiritual Awakenings in China A Forward Program in Korea 156 Fifth Avenue, Room 1118M, New York Communism in Chile Pledse send d sdmpie set of literdture, including Progrdm for Leper Mission- A Moral Revolt in Brazil dry Meeting, PldYs, Stories, Tdlks, etc. Siam Turns Over a New Leaf NAME ………………………..• ·············•·•···· …..•…..•…..•…… ADDRESS …………………………………………………………….. . A NEW DAY IN OLD CITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STATE .•………….•.•…• PERSIA …………… 471 SOCIETY OR CHURCH ………………………………………………… .. Wm. N. Wysham of Teheran Editorial Chat Among the valuable articles prom- ATTEMPTING THE IM- ised for this number of the REVIEW POSSIBLE IN JAPAN .. 475 DO NOT MISS THIS ON ANY are the following: William Axling of Tokyo ACCOUNT! COME WITH ME TO CHINA LEAVES FROM AN ORI- THE OCTOBER NUMBER will be o. E. Goddard ENTAL DIARy …….. 477 largely devoted to China-a most im- Mary E. Moore of New York portant subject and the Foreign Mis- CHRISTIANS IN THE CHINESE sion study topic for the coming year. CRISIS A KOREAN AT PRAYER. 479 Walter C. Erdman of Pyengyang *** By Frank Rawlinson of Shangha! TODAY IN THE NEW WHAT OTHERS THINK SOME ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE HEBRIDES ………… 481 CHINESE Fred Bowie of Tangoa "The REVIEW is getting better all the time. The March and April num- Kenneth S. Latourette AT HERRNHUT-TWO bers are wonderful!" OVERCOMING DIFFICULTIES CENTURIES AFTER… 485 THOMAS WEIR, Salt Lake City, Utah. IN CHINA Samuel M. Zwemer of Princeton *** 'Vm. H. Gieysteen of Peiping HOW THE CHINESE WORSHIP ERASMO BRAGA OF "The REVIEW is more suggestive James L. Stewart of Chengtu BRAZIL …………… 491 and valuable than ever before. I prize WHAT CHINESE ARE DOING W. Reginald Wheeler of Nanking it for its information and helpfulness for myself and for missionary gather- FOR CHINA EFFECTIVE WAY S OF ings." Mary F. Parmenter of Shanghai WORKING ………… 495 ELIZABETH P. WHITING, Wilbraham, RECENT PROGRESS IN CHINA Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison Charles L. Boynton of Shanghai Mass. TESTIMONIES OF CHINESE WOMEN'S HOME MIS- SION BULLETIN…… 499 CHRISTIANS Edited by Miss Anne Seesholtz P. c. Hsu and others OUR WORLD OUTLOOK. 501 OUR MISSIONARY BOOK- SHELF …….•……. 511 Puhlication Office 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Indianapolis, Ind., under Act of March 3, 1879.

25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year Puhlished monthly-All rights reserved Copyrighted 1932 by the MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- LISHING CO., INC. BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President WM. r. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PrIfusON, Secretary SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH MILTON J. STAUFFER A. L. WARNSHUlS SAlIUEL M. ZWEMER

HEATHEN WOMEN OF ESPIRITU SANTO. NEW HEBRIDES

A GROUP OF CHRISTIAN STUDENTS IN THE NEW HEBRIDES THE OLD AND THE NEW IN THE NEW HEBRIDES (See page 481) REVIE ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER NINE SEPTEMBER, 1932 Topics of the Times DEDUCTIONS FROM DEFICITS the work. The crisis leads us to look to God more American, British and European missionary intently for wisdom and supplies: Larger insocieties are sharing in the experience of drastic comes have at times led to unnecessary and uncuts that have become necessary on account of wise expenditures for elaborate equipment and mounting deficits. The boards, as a rule, have la:ge executive salaries which are out of keeping faced the situation courageously. The Presbyte- WIth the spirit of sacrificial missionary work. rian Church of Scotland reported a deficit of $125,- The amount given by the churches to missions 000 on the Foreign Mission budget. Rather than has never been adequate to meet the requireundertake to abridge the work the missionaries ments of the work at home and abroad but there requested a salary cut, but effort will be made to has been wide difference of opinion as to how the avoid this by "Christianizing" congregations money may be expended most wisely. Now miswhich give little or nothing to evangelize the sion boards are obliged to retrench in one or more of the following ways: (1) to cut executive salworld. aries at home from 10% to 331/3%; (2) to re- In America the Presbyterian Board of National duce missionary salaries from 5% to 25%; (3) to Missions has cut executive salaries from 10% to reduce budgets for new buildings, native workers 25%, has reduced the staff and has reorganized institutions and advance work on the field; (4)' the five divisions and nine departments of the to cut budgets for promotion and other items at Board into two departments-one of "Missionary home; (5) to place larger responsibility for self- Operation" and the other "Missionary Support." support on the churches in the field; (6) to re- They have cut their total budget $466,000 below duce the number of missionaries and native worklast year. All but $80,000 of this cut will fall on ers; (7) to decrease or omit appropriations for the field. It will be difficult to prevent a great and union and cooperative work at home and abroad. vital loss to the spiritual side of the work under this new adjustment. Some of these retrenchments have been drastic and will bring real suffering to individuals and The Methodist Episcopal Christian Advocate loss to the work-at least temporarily. It will asks "Must we throw the missionaries to the be difficult, but it may be a blessing for high salwolves?" Their small salaries are being cut 25% aried executives to adjust their living more nearly for the next four months and 50 % for appropria- to a missionary basis. A part of the salary re- tions for their native workers. Salaries of execu- duction is met by reduced cost of living at home tives at home. are reduced from 10% to 30%, on and by favorable exchange abroad. Some mistop of a prevIOUS 10% cut. The Board's income sionary institutions have been conducted on a has fallen 37% ($341,288) for the first seven scale too much above the standards of the people months of the year and there is already a debt of that they serve, though far below the standards $630,000. Will the great Methodist Church rise at home. The reduction in home office expense to meet the need or will a further cut be neces- may arouse the Church to undertake larger volunsary? teer service. It would be a blessing if less execu- Most o~ the other denominational boards and tive effort were required to awaken sleeping passome independent missions face a similar situa- tors and congregations to respond to need. It will tion but are facing it courageously -not running be of great advantage if churches on the field are away from it. . led to self-support and self-government. Much In some respects this need to revise budgets will be learned if mission boards will deterrnine downward may not mean disaster or detriment to to avoid accumulating debts.

[467 ]

But the tragedy of the cuts is experienced 1arge number were saved, and many were revived where missionaries have children to educate, and empowered for service. The villagers came where trained native Christian workers are re- running to ask, 'What's the matter, is this a fuleased and have no other means of support, and neral ?' where greatly needed evangelistic and medical work must be closed, withdrawing the efforts to "'Yes,' said the leader, 'we are burying folks relieve a suffering and sin burdened people who who have been dead in sin for many years.' were just beginning to appreciate the offer of life from Christ. There is enough money, there are "What happened in this church is taking place enough workers, there are sufficient supplies in in other Pingtu churches too. God is pouring out the Church at home; there is abundant truth and His Spirit; souls are being born again and others life in Christ to supply every need. Will God's quickened. Yesterday an evangelist came from stewards who have been entrusted with material the East to tell us of a wonderful awakening in and spiritual wealth fail to share their blessings one of our struggling churches." with others in dire need? It would be well to establish an "In-as-much Fund" in the churches at M. Gardner Tewksbury, of the Presbyterian home and in other lands. Mission,. who does evangelistic work among stu- dents, conducted a very successful series of meet- SPIRITUAL AWAKENING IN CHINA ings in Weihsien. "Through personal interviews and two classes a day, all hearts were touched. Rays of light shine through the gloom in Asia The revival is spreading all over Shantung provto brighten the disturbing darkness and distress. ince, and has brought new life to the Christian There are many evidences of spiritual awakenings Church such as has never been before." The blessin the midst of economic and political depression. ing is not confined to the Chinese alone, but India, Burma, Siam, Korea, Japan, China and extends to missionaries. Persia all report new signs of spiritual life and keener interest in Christ and His Gospel. From The Rev. C. L. Culpepper, of Hwanghsien, Shantung, China, Dr. T. B. Ray, secretary of the Shantung, gives another picture of the revival Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Conven- now in progress in that section of the great Retion, reports that for months there has been going public. He says: forward a Christian awakening in which many have been genuinely converted. The movement is "Wonderful things have been happening during growing in power among American Baptists and these past few months. I have never heard such other denominations. earnest prayer for God to reveal to each and every one his sins from the President of China on down A Southern Baptist missionary, the Rev. W. B. to the very humblest beggar. Our people seem to Glass of Hwanghsien, writes as follows: have forgotten everything else but making things right with God. Literally hundreds of people had "There has never been so much deep, genuine been saved in the villages. Prayer meetings are spiritual interest in the churches as now. This held every morning and night and the church is not true of all the people in any of the churches, building will not hold them, so they meet both in but it is undoubtedly true of more than ever be- the church and school buildings. It would take fore. your breath to see how they are going everywhere preaching the Gospel. You keep thinking of the "I had a fear that it was going to develop into Acts of the Apostles. a 'wild fire' movement, accompanied by excesses, but it has been gratifying to note a deep spiritual "What has happened at Pingtu has happened yearning, and the willingness to go anywhere, or at- almost everyone of our stations. Tsining has pay any price to satisfy that longing. Rich bless- had a wonderful revival. Tsinan has had one ' ings have been received by churches on the Ping- continuous revival and fifty or more students tu field. have been saved in the Shantung Christian Uni- versity. Many have been baptized. "In Hwanghsien about ninety people are preparing for baptism and there is a class of instruc- "A great sweeping revival began in Laiyang tion at the city church for all outside the schools. and spread to Laichow. Early morning prayer The parents of some are so bitterly opposed- that meeting would run to nine or ten o'clock and then it is impossible for them to be baptized. The we would have a recess and the meeting would go spirit of revival continues and people everywhere until nine or ten at night, with an hour of rest iJ). seem anxious to hear. We have a new church, the afternoon. No one was preaching or leading, <: full of the Holy Spirit and are rejoicing in but the Holy Spirit. Heavenly fellowship." "It seems that the Lord is going to fill our Mrs. Grace Boyd Sears, Of Pingtu, writes: school full to over-flowing with God-called preach- "Last week God's Holy Spi~it came in power, a ers. Pray that God wiII keep us humble and usable. The field is so great and the multiplied

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

millions all around us do not know. Only the Lord COMMUNISM IN CHILE Himself can save China now." Argentine, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Bolivia, A FORWARD PROGRAM IN KOREA Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Cuba and Nicaragua The Methodist and Presbyterian Churches of have all been in political turmoil during the past Korea are not satisfied with having each individ- few months. The picture of Europe and Asia on ual congregation work only for the people of its the verge of disaster from war, war debts and own~district, but year by year plan a nation-wide economic and social unrest has apparently had campaign to make the whole nation Gospel little restraining influences on the Latin Ameri- can mind. Chile has had several almost bloodless conscio.us, even if not wholly Christian. Last year the Presbyterian movement began revolutions in quick succession. The government with th:ree days of consecration meetings in every has changed hands many times and is now in conone of the 22 presbyteries. All salaried workers trol of the socialists. The people are weary of the in the district, and as many others as could come, dominance of landed proprietors and of military gathered for daylight prayer meetings each day, dictatorship. and other meetings at 10 A. M., 3 P. M. and in the The most astonishing revolution occurred on evening. Missionaries write of wonderful bless- June 4th when a self-appointed "Messiah" seized ing. The leaders scattered to their churches and control of the government. While President Monrepeated the three days in everyone of the 2,600 tero and his cabinet were quietly working they churches of the country where they could arrange were surprised and overpowered by a detachment it. Revivals began all over the country and nearly of the garrison, headed by officers under Colonel every church has had at least one period a week Marmaduke Grove, Minister of War. He exwith grea~ numbers of. Christians revived and plained his revolt by declaring that the entire Renew converts brought in. Churches are now public considered its president wholly incompecrowded, and new ones are being built every- tent and that a Revolutionary committee would where.. In Pyengyang 1,500 women gathered in a take charge of the affairs of the nation in order great Bible class in March, and 1,000 men in J an- to make it a socialistic republic. A missionary writes: uary. This program has included an effort to get every "The Revolutionary committee outlined its 'prochurch attendant to read through the New Testa- gram of reform and published extensive maniment. A large calendar was printed bearing the festoes. Col. Grove gave an address in which the Scripture references for each day so that all might most arresting passage made his hearers gasp in read the same verses the same day. Fifty thou- astonishment. He said: sand of those calendars are in use this year and When we shall have realized the golden dream of Simon 50,000 families reading the New Testament Bolivar everyone will be compelled to admit that we were through. The Korea Mission Field reports: not actuated by motives of personal gain. Two thousand years before our time, Jesus Christ adopted our ideas, "This year the campaign begins with six promising better living conditions to those whom fortune Wednesday prayer meetings and a brief course in had disinherited. This better life was to be enjoyed in personal soul winning. Before Christmas a small another world. We, more humane and diligent than Jesus booklet of the Life of Christ will be distributed. Christ, offer to the proletariat a better life in this world.

Christians will be asked to take these and give "Within the succeeding four days another se- one each to every non-Christian friend in their cret conspiracy was framed among the regiments villages. The booklet gives in Bible language the in Santiago and on June 16th the presidential pal- essentials of Christ's activities and His Gospel. ace was surrounded by tanks and machine-gun Four hundred thousand are already provided for batteries and the messianic career of Col. Grove and it is hoped that there will be at least a million came to a dramatic end.

'published. Each presbytery is now raising money "Despite the fate of the bold atheist who spon- to supplement the fund. After Christmas, when sored the revolt, the socialist movement seems fatmers are more free, hundreds of preaching firmly embedded in public opinion. Chile is fol- bands of three or four each (men or women) will lowing the lead of Spain and Mexico into state will be organized and go from house to house to socialism. Unfortunately, she has not the pre- preach. A new feature of their work be an pared leadership but she is ready to take the risks effort to sell Gospels to all those who received the involved in the trial and error method."

little booklet free, but the effort for decisions for Between 1810 and 1925, Chile was governed by Christ will be the main thing, and the mission- an oligarchy of wealthy land-owners and distin- aries hope for a great ingathering. The plan is gUished lawyers. In 1925 President Alessandri to try to touch every house in the remotest village was elected' by the middle classes who had grad- with some of the million booklets." ually achieved political aggressiveness. The adop-

tion of a number of laws favored the working The American Methodist Church is also strong classes. He was followed by the military dictator, and growing.

General Ibanez who mortgaged the patrimony of But unfortunately some of the evil influences his people and left them in "misery, anarchy and that are undermining the nation come from North the shadow of death." Then followed the world America and Europe in the form of atheism, and crisis, the collapse of nitrate and copper as ex- immoral literature and films. The Brazilian Bap- ports, general bankruptcy and unemployment. tist Convention recently passed strong resolu- More than a hundred thousand bread-winners tions calling on President Hoover and the Ameri- were suddenly bereft of their means of livelihood. can Congress to take steps to stop the flow of de- Dr. J. H. McLean, a Presbyterian missionary grading motion pictures from North America.

in Santiago, writes: ,The resolution says in part: "The elemental hunger of mankind is two-fold. WHEREAS, criminal and immoral pictures give a dis- Men clamor for brotherhood quite as insistently torted conception of American life that result in prejuas they do for bread but they will never find it dice and anti-American sentiment, hurtful ~o this great until they turn Godward through Christ and His Republic, therefore be it resolved, that we petition the Gospel. The frenzied mobs have tried to burn Government of the United States to forbid the exportadown several metropolitan temples because they tion of such harmful pictures to this country. have imagined that the organized church was allied with their enemies. The best sentiment in Turkey, Japan, China and other non-Christian lands has shown the same "No violence has been offered to evangelical reaction toward these degrading films-many of Christian churches, schools or dispensaries. Every which are exhibited in America without arousing pastor and congregation is endeavoring to feed serious and widespread protest.

the hungry, clothe the naked, succour the unfMtu- SIAM TURNS OVER A NEW LEAF nate and care for the sick. Our work is conducted under distressing circumstances yet it has ac- Soon nothing of the old regime will be left in quired a new sanctity since it grapples with pain, Asia. Only a few years ago all who approached poverty and anguish of soul. The divine mission the King and Queen of Siam were obliged to do of our Messiah is that of binding up the broken- so on hands and knees or with the peculiar crouch- hearted and proclaiming the year of jubilee. ing stride that betokens inferiority. The monarch "A moderate socialist government would bring was reverenced almost as a god. On June 24 of relief to many victims of neglect but the present this year the only remaining absolute monarchy effort is false in motive and weak in moral pur- in Asia was suddenly overthrown, King Prajadhi- pose. The constraining love of Christ is not the pok and his queen were made prisoners and a con- popular urge in those who repudiate His claims stitutional monarchy was set up. The King, abso- and reject His aid. So the evangelical churches lute ruler over 11,500,000 people, who was edu- in Chile redouble their efforts. Multitudes who cated in England and had recently returned from ought to turn to Christ have gone off after com- America, accepted the new regime and was re- munism. Occasional volcanic eruptions remind tained as a constitutional monarch. The "rule of us that there is no absolute stability save in Him the princes" has been eliminated and there will who is the same yesterday, today and forever be an earnest effort to .lighten the tax burdens of more. We cannot do our full share of His com- the people, giving them a voice'in the government.

mission without the partnership of intercessors; King Prajadhipok, who is thirty-nine years of surely the Church at home will pray for Chile." age and came to the throne in 1926, is the seventh A,MORAL REVOLT IN BRAZIL ruler of the Chakri dynasty which has been in power for 150 years. He is a Buddhist and is Revolutions have also gripped the largest re- known as an enlightened scholar, interested in the public in Latin America, where the revolutionary welfare of his people and sympathetic with the and federal forces are still striving for mastery. philanthropic work of Christian missions. He or- There is more hope for progress from the moral ganized Siamese Boy Scouts and has promoted revolt led by evangeliealChristians against ig- public health, education and athletics.

norance, vice and other degrading influences that Evangelical missionary work in Siam is almost are sapping the life of the nation. Many of the wholly in the hands of the American Presbyterian best influences come from North America through Church which has thirty American missionaries, the missionaries, teachers and Bible distribution. located in 10 stations, and a church membership The Presbyterian Church is strong, independent of over 9,000. Many Siamese officials have testi- and self-supporting; the American Baptist work fied as to the influence of Christianity in advanc- has just celebrated its fiftieth anniversary and ing educatioJ). and in promoting the general en- has.n9w nearly 500 churches and 45,000 members. lightenment of the Siamese.

A NeV Day In Old

..:( By the Rev. WM. N. WYSHAM, Teheran, Persia Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

PERHAPS no country in the world has ing matter, and, with their natural courtesy and changed so much in the last decade as has quickness of intellect, marvelously receptive of Persia. She has exchanged a worn-out old moral and spiritual truth as well as the best of dynasty for a new one, a spineless absentee king western science and material achievement.

for an energetic giant who constantly visits the Persia holds out a hospitable hand to Christi- far corners of his kingdom, helpless subservience anity along with all the other influences which to Russia and England for a proud independence are molding her future. Christian thought, Chris- characterized by the most up-to-date nationalism. tion education and Christian literature have an Camel and donkey caravans open door in that land today.

have given way to American These changes have had an trucks and touring cars, two- Tcohme e movirearcolene ooff tchheamngoest haans- amazing effect on the power foot trails have been replaced cient civilizations in the world. and influence of Islam in Per- This was influence1 by the by a network of roads to every sia. The Persians have been corner of the land, not yet as nearly 100 % Moslem for cen- smooth as American highways fanatical Moslems who have turies but theirs has been the but passable for motor trans- long fought against Christian Shiah division of Islam, al- port at good speeds; wide ave- teaching. Mr. Wysham tells ways different from the "or- nues have been driven straight the fascinating story of this thodox" Sunni branch, and . through all important cities change of mind which is also abounding in mysticism and where formerly there was a bringing about a change of in heresies of every conceiv- maze of twisting alleyways; heart. The story can not yet able type. Withal, the Persian Teheran, the capital, has been be fully told, but while some genius and temperament have largely rebuilt; a new army, are losing all religious faith, produced a large proportion of well equipped, has been created other Persians are coming to the greatest names in Moslem by the soldier Shah; bandits see in Christ the satisfaction history, and the sheer fanati- have gone out of business; new of their greatest needs. cism manifested annually at industries have been encour- the time of the so-called pas- aged. sion play in Moharram, the By royal command the costume of men has been month of mourning for Shiah martyrs, has per- completely changed and women have been permit- haps surpassed anything in the Moslem world.

ted to abandon the veil, more of them every day Until the last decade this fanaticism seemed un- all blossoming out in western costume. A new sys- abated, and Shiah religious leaders commanded tem of schools emphasizing science has driven out the absolute and unquestioning obedience of the centuries old drill in Arabic and dead sys- Persian Moslems, former Shahs making it a rule tems of thought. Thousands of men and boys to defer to them and to pay their respects to the have learned to read and even girls are now hav- great rnujtaheeds at their headquarters at Qom.

ing opportunities of education. The percentage The inrush of new ideas and influences ·from of literacy has mounted rapidly; ther~ is a re- the west in the last ten years has completely un- markable new freedom of thought and speech and dermined the Moslem stronghold in Persia. The a new interest in Persia's glorious history, litera- government, nominally Moslem, has become secu…

ture and art. lar in policy and, though it has deferred to reli- These changes have brought about a rocking gious leaders in some minor points, has never to the very foundations of the moral and religious hesitated to oppose them decidedly when the attitudes of the people. Many moral safeguards, progress of the Persian people seemed to be at such as they were, have been swept away, age-old stake. Thus, in instituting dress reforms, the gov- superstitions have vanished, and educated people ernment compelled all except a specified number have no longer any Tespect for old religious au- of rnollahs and rnujtaheeds, who had to pass a thority. As a whole the Persian people are eager special examination in theology, to adopt western for new ideas, ravenous for any up-to-date read- dress. Many of the legal powers were taken [471 ]

from those who remained and were turned over docile and blind followers of the mollahs, because to the governmental Ministry of Justice. These of their ignorance and superstition, have caught changes alone have enormously reduced the power a new spirit as a result of recent changes. One of the Moslem leaders; their prestige also suf- Persian traveler who knows the myriad villages fered severely when, in spite of their vigorous of his country intimately has told me that the opposition and outraged protests, tacit permis- universal donning of the Pahlevi hat has brought sion was given by the government for Moslem about a remarkable open-mindedness and toler- women to remove their veils and when far-reach- ance among men in the most remote rural dis- ing reforms in the marriage and divorce laws tricts. Since he now wears the same type of hat were introduced. as anyone else, including the King himself, the The apparent inability of the mollahs to rally Persian peasant feels that he has become a man any public opinion in their favor or to set on foot and he is eager for new ideas. The new roads any reaction to these changes shows how rapidly and quicker transport have made the country and completely the decay of Islam in Persia has smaller and unified. Such changes weaken fanat- progressed. The mollahs have become a laughing- icism, and the mollahs have been unable to arouse stock among intelligent Persians, who seem gen- any excitement. over what a decade ago would, erally to have abandoned the study of the Koran, have been considered unpardonable insults to the the daily prayers, the fast of Ramazan and the old religion.

great pilgrimages to Kerbela and Meshed. The A personal experience should make this vividly opinion is freely expressed that the legalistic ob- clear. As I entered Persia in the spring of 1921, servances of Islam are hopelessly out of date for I remember passing caravans carrying empty the new Persia and, while many educated Per- wooden coffins back to Kurdish villages, where sians call themselves Moslems, their adherence is wood was scarce. These were used again and purely nominal, and they are usually ready to con- again to transport the bodies of faithful Moslems demn the religious leaders as entirely reactionary more than a thousand miles to be buried in the and a menace to Persia's progress. holy ground around the sacred shrine at Meshed.

The New Nationalism For centuries, at the cost of much sacrifice and hardship, thousands of such departed pilgrims This same effect on the attitude of thinking from every nook and corner of Persia have found Persians as to Islam is brought about by the new their resting-place in the venerated shrine ceme- nationalism. They are proud of their new Shah's tery. In 1929 I stood outside the great shrine and energy and leadership and of the great 'efforts for watched Persian Moslem workmen shovel thou- progress which the national leaders have made. sands of the bones of the faithful out of the. way They are quick to criticise if they feel that ad- as they dug foundations for a new boulevard bi- vance steps are made too slowly. Everyone talks secting the city and replacing the narrow, crooked of the need of Persia to renew her glorious alleys of the past. The ancient cemetery was achievements of the past, and the Arabs are completely wrecked and yet, not only was there blamed for many of the ills of the country because no riot in formerly fanatical Meshed, but I never of their conquest of Persia in the seventh century. heard of a serious protest anywhere at this dese- One hears repeatedly that the Arabs burned the cration of one of Persian Islam's historic sacred ancient libraries of Persia, destroyed her monu- places.

ments and ruined her irrigation systems. Efforts When such things are possible in Persia, one are being made to reduce the number of Arabic cannot get away from the feeling that one is wit- words in the Persian language and to substitute nessing the collapse of one of the greatest and Latin characters for the Arabic, as has been done proudest of the world's religions.

in Turkey. The Persian nationalists believe that The Religious Changes the Arabs tried to superimpose an inferior cul- ture of the desert upon Persia's superior one and This astounding change in the religious situa- that, in so far as they succeeded, their influence tion in Persia opens up a long prayed-for oppor- was entirely harmful. Of course, Islam was all tunity for the Gospel of Jesus Christ; it also the "Arab culture" there was and, while the Per- means an opportunity for communism and of sian nationalist may not as yet openly say so, in this it is well to speak briefly first. Russia is the his heart he doubtless feels that' the religion of most easily accessible neighbor to Persia and Mohammed was the most far-reaching of all the there is naturally much intercourse of a commer- Arab influences which he is today so eager to con- cial and other nature. Ever since the War a large demn. number of White Russians have made their homes Even the peasants and other members of the in Persia, but in the past five years an influx of lower classes, who have been for centuries the Bolshevists has also occurred. These communists'

A NEW DAY IN OLD PERSIA

have been very zealous in propagating their ideas hopeless fanaticism and intolerance into the conand have scattered their literature all over the fidence and cordiality with which the messenger country, especially in the northern provinces. It of Christ is received nearly everywhere in Peris hard to say how much real success they have sia today. "Love melts what the hammer cannot had in winning over individuals in Persia to com- break."* munism, because Persians naturally fear the political menace of the colossus to the north and The waning of fanaticism showed itself first their whole history and background seem entirely in the increase of Moslem patients in the hospiout of harmony with communism's basic ideas. tals and pupils in the schools, until for many In short, Persians do not desire to become com- years the large majority in most of our institumunists, but the Russian preaching of atheism tions have been Moslems. Then here and there and the doctrine that "religion is an opiate of the brave souls dared to accept openly the Gospel mespeople" are dreadful pitfalls spread in the way sage, but for years the tiny churches passed of Persians today who are giving up their historic through great tribulation, not only of persecution allegiance to Islam and, sadly disillusioned, feel but of heart-sickening experiences with renegade themselves swept into the full current of modern Moslems who sought baptism for ulterior motives. life without any of their former moral and reli- It is only in the most recent years that little gious safeguards. bands of tried men and women in various centers have by their transformed lives scotched forever The final answer as to what progress. commu- that age-old lie that "a Moslem can never become nism will make in Persia depends upon Christi- a sincere Christian." With the greater freedom anity. The Gospel of Jesus Christ is for every and tolerance of the last decade, the stream of nation, but it seems peculiarly suited to this an- sincere inquirers has rapidly grown larger until cient people who, with racial background so simi- in one city in.1931 more Moslems confessed Christ lar to our own, have all the keenness of intellect, than in all the sixty years of missionary endeavor strength of imagination and artistic temperament there. The hospitals, and especially the schools, needed to flower out into a wonderful new era have not only held their prestige but have proved of their history if they have full access to the most effective centers of evangelistic effort, and a truth and beauty of the Gospel. Truly the soul most promising amount of Christian leadership of the Persian seems to be naturally Christian. for the new church of Persia is developing all over This was amply demonstrated by the rapid prog- the land. In addition, open evangelistic work of ress and heroic deeds of the church in Persia dur- a non-controversial nature is now possible, and ing the first six centuries of our era, and that last year a series of evangelistic meetings were would surely have been an outstanding church held in several cities wit./,Lamazing interest and today, had it not become a martyr church when results. In these meetings it proved wisest to the blight of Islam struck Persia. Ours is the ignore Islam entirely and to appeal to Persians responsibility to see to it that in this new day of as hungry souls weary of sin and ready to know freedom Christ is fully known there again, lest and accept a divine Saviour. atheism and crass materialism bring a deadlier blight in their wake. New Literature for Persia Fortunately the forces of the Gospel have for A clear illustration of the new receptiveness of decades been building up a prestige which com- the Persian people and their interest in the Gosmunism can never hope to overtake. It has been pel is found in the enormous increase in the disalmost a century since the first modern mission- tribution of Christian literature, particularly in aries began their work in Urumia and, although the past five years. A committee representing for many decades they seemed to make no impres- the two great missions at work in Persia has presion whatever on the wall of Islam, they were pared, in an attractive form, nearly a hundred succeeding far better than they dreamed. It is new titles of books and tracts, and these have only now that those of us at work in Persia ap- gone out to every nook and corner of Persia. They preciate the great achievements of our predeces- have been written to meet the needs of old~fash­ sors from America and England of bygone dec- ioned Moslems, of wandering souls without any ades. At a time when it was dangerous to life faith, and of Christians new and old, and they to speak a good word openly for Jesus Christ, are finding an eager perusal in a land where thouit was their Christian character, shining like sands of men and women have but recently bebeacons amid the darkness of Moslem morality, come literate. In 1931 more than a million pages their homes of beauty and peace bearing silent testimony to the power of the Lord Jesus, their • As I write this in the homeland, the cablegram comes of the sacrificial service in hospital and school, which decease of Rev. J. W. Hawkes of Hamada-n, after nearly fifty-two year after year gradually changed an apparently years of missionary service in Persia. He had personal recollections of the first missionaries to Persia, and one could thus picture in him the whole century of nlissionary work. all but the last decade or two seemingly without fruit among Moslems.

of this Christian literature was distributed and along with former Jews, Zoroastrians and Bahais, it is not only proving potent in bringing about mingle in full fellowship with Armenian and a new understanding of the Gospel and a willing- Assyrian Christians. The Persian church is an ness to receive it, but it is a blessing to the new eloquent testimony to the power of Christ to cast church and an ideal antidote to communism and out age-long racial and religious animosities.

all thepoiso~ of secularism in Persia today. Moslem converts are rapidly growing to outnum- Now that the natural courtesy and hospitality ber all others in these churches, and more than of the Persian temperament have been freed from one church is entirely composed of former Mos- the bondage of fanaticism by the new influences, lems. Therefore the great problem of providing there are many examples of the increasing esteem a home for Moslem converts within the church, in which Christianity is being held. Here again so acute in other Moslem lands where sporadic the faithful work of the earlier missionaries is converts are often ill at ease among those who bearing fruit. Slowly our religion has lived down have a Christian ancestry, has already been solved the evil reputation which it had gained through in the Persian church by the nature of the church the twisted ideas of Christianity found in the itself. Much of the leadership is also already in Koran and in Moslem traditions, and through the the hands of former Moslems, and as one takes lack of contact which Persian Moslems have had stock of the quality of the average congregation with true Christianity in the past. The consist- and notes the high level of intelligence and lead- ent lives of an increasing number of Moslem con- ership ability, especially among the young men, verts has greatly strengthened the examples of one has little fear for the self-support and self- the missionaries themselves. One of the earliest government of the Persian church. This was converts of all, once a fanatical Kurd, has for a strikingly evident in the all-Persia church confer- generation been a respected physician in Teheran, ence at Teheran in the summer of 1931, at which known far and wide as a consecrated Christian more than 200 delegates from 19 churches, a ma- eager to win others to Christ. Moslem women jority of whom were former Moslems, met for a have long formed 'his largest group of patients. week of inspiration and of planning the church's In many Persian cities former Moslem men and future. The" addresses and resolutions of the con- women have openly confessed Christ for years ference were characterized by a,deep devotion to and have gained the full confidence of Moslem a full-rounded Christianity and an appreciation friends by their integrity and thoroughly Chris- of the church's duty to bring all Persia to Christ.

tian point of view. Among Moslems, generally in The church in Persia, so new and so free from the more progressive cities, it has already become historic impediments to churches in other lands, a matter of slight comment when Moslems are has a unique opportunity to profit from mistakes baptized, and this new tolerance will eventually elsewhere and to blaze fresh trails' of Christian spread over the whole country. progress. "The missionary situation is ideal, with Some months ago the son of one of the leading the American Presbyterians and the Church Mis- mujtaheeds of Persia was converted while a stu- sionary Society of Englanrl the only two large dent in a mission institution. When friends missions at work. They Qlvide the field and work rushed to the father with the news, he amazed with each other and with two or three small socie- them by replying: ties in the utmost harmony and cooperation. The "What of it? Isn't Christianity a good reli- Persian Christians themselves are determined gion? I chose my religion and shall always re- that there shall be but one church in Persia, and main a Moslem. But this is the twentieth century are completely one in spirit now though content and my son is free to make his own choice." to leave the exact form of the organization of the Such an attitude is of course as yet exceptional, church until its fuller development. In the mean- but the trend of opinion is plain and the new tol- time, missionaries are endeavoring to avoid creat- erance and spirit of fairness are certain to be of ing all possible future obstacles to this great aim.

incalculable benefit to the progress of the Gospel There is now interchange of membership among in Persia-and to Persia herself. all the churches and a federation of the churches The New Church in Persia in certain general standards and in the beginnings of "home mission" work. Plans are under way Under such favorable conditions in the new for a form of joint ordination of the young men Persia, missionaries have recently made great who will compose the future ministry of the strides toward reaching the ultimate goal of all church, and it is hoped that a theological depart- successful mission work-the estd>lishing of the ment to be connected with the American College Church of Christ in that land. In many of the of Teheran can train candidates for ordination important cities of the land Christian churches for all Persia. Constant efforts are being maCe now flourish and III them converted Moslems, to let Persian Christians themselves govern their

ATTEMPTING THE IMPOSSIBLE IN JAPAN

own congregations as rapidly as they can do so, land some day, and church history may well charand unceasing stress is being laid on the ultimate acterize the present movement in Persia as the responsibility of each Persian Christian to be an beginning of the final victory of Christianity over evangelist to his own people and to the whole Mos- the one rival which has seemed until now to be lem world. Since the history of the spread of in- as impervious to the loving service of missionanumerable heretical sects of Islam marks the Per- ries as to the battering-rams of crusaders. Howsians as born propagandists, there is real hope ever that may be, the present triumph of the that with the "Good News" at last available for Gospel in what has been one of the most difficult them to pass on, they will reach this great ideal of all mission fields should give encouragement of every truly successful Christian church. and new hope to many troubled souls who have felt that Christianity has been failing to gain in If the church in Persia continues to fulfill its recent years, and brings vivid testimony from present rich promise, its influence On the whole still another quarter of the world to the truth of Moslem world should be immense. Already the a recent statement by a Chinese Christian college great cracks in the apparently impregnable Mos- president that "there is for the modern world only lem wall which have appeared in Persia are an one religion-Christianity." earnest of what is sure to occur in every Moslem Att.empting the Impossible In Japan I By the REV. WILLIAM AXLING, D. D., I "~I I Tokyo, Japan The Tokyo Misaki Tabernacle and the Fukayawa Christian L Center; author of the "Life of Kagawa"

T HE Christian forces engaged in the King- worn itself down' into a groove. In the face of dom of God Campaign in Japan have at- all this, the Christian forces in ninety cities and tempted to rally every Christian and every prefectures united in organizing District Commit- Church behind a united nation-wide movement tees for the purpose of planning and conducting and to create a spiritual solidarity among the campaigns. These committees have formed a net- Christian forces of the Empire. This is some- work of evangelistic units across the empire and thing new, not only in this land but in any land. most of them have conducted advance movements in their own localities. This is an effort to give the Message of Christ to every group and every class-30,000,000 farm- Complete statistics are not available but reports ers; 5,278,000 induStl'I-!1 and factory workers; indicate that during twelve months 1,278 meet- 597,000 fishing folk; 459,000 miners; 1,033,000 ings were held in 248 cities and towns; 712 employees in transportation services and the 1,- churches participated in these meetings ; the total 158,000 toilers engaged on public works. These attendance was 262,344, and 13,837 signed cards classes and masses have been left practically un- as inquirers. touched during the past seventy years of mission work in Japan. This Movement has also set out The Kingdom of God Weekly has leaped from to humanize and christianize the social and indus- an ardent hope, born in the heart and brain of trial order and make the Christ's Way of Life the Dr. Kagawa, to a weekly circulation of 30,000 standard in every relationship. This has never copies. At the rate of 1,600,000 copies a year been done in any land and which a large section everywhere it is hailed as one of the most effecof the Church of the West has never recognized tive evangelistic forces that has ever been released as a vital part of its program. in this Empire. A cl~rk in a Yokohama firm, out of his meagre salary, ordered 200 copies every The hope is to raise the number of Christians in week and distributed them among his fellow- Japan from 250,000 to a million, not in order to clerks and friends. Judge Mitsui, of the Tokyo glory in numerical strength but that a creative Juvenile Court, uses 70 copies a week among the force may fix the ideals and set the pace in every juvenile delinquents whom he is trying to lead out phase of the nation's life. into a new lifE!: The Reinanzaka Church, Tokyo, sells 200 copies every week among its members Nothing runs its roots down so deep as religious in order to give them a full-orbed vision of the nrejudice; nothing is harder to overcome than de- Kingdom task.. Other churches are doing the nominational isolation, especially when it has

same. The story of the growth of this paper is a Christian, insisted that they wanted a religious one of the romances connected with this move- message and the more Christian the better. At ment. the close of the message the local pastor asked that decision cards be distributed, and while he The campaign is making large use of three of made a ringing plea for decisions a good number Dr. Kagawa's books which are aflame with the of the audience signed cards as inquirers. evangelistic message: "New Life Through God," "Meditations About God" and "God and the Gos- The holding of a Christian evangelistic meeting, pel of Divine Love." The country is being sown closing with an appeal for decisions, in a governwith these silent but potent messengers which find ment primary school is something which never an entrance where no evangelist's or Christian's could have happened anywhere in Japan a few voice could be raised. years ago. It shows the turn of the anti-religious tide which has been running with such tremen- Five small books have been especially prepared dous force during the past fifty years among the for use in follow-up work with inquirers. More intellectuals and educational leaders of the emand more we are coming to realize that it is not only inexcusable neglect but a crime before God pire. to lead a hungry heart to take an initial stand Later, the writer was asked to help in a camfor Christ and fail to feed the flame of faith that has been kindled. paign in two churches in an industrial centre. Never during almost thirty years in Japan have I This campaign has made its influence felt far seen so many laboring men in a Christian church, beyond Christian circles. After Kagawa spoke in wearing their working garb marked with the em- Osaka, the Osaka Mainichi, an influential daily, blem of their trade. At the close, one-fifth of invited him to hold a series of Christian meetings those present responded to the invitation and under its auspices, promising to put its circula- signed cards as inquirers. In the other church tion of a million copies back of the meetings for the building was packed with young people from publicity purposes. a neighboring factory.

Not long ago the Chugai Nippo, an outstanding Communism threatens to capture some of the Buddhist daily paper in Kyoto, related to the best minds and the finest spirits among the stu- Shinshu sect of Buddhism, came out in a ringing dents and to entrench itself in industrial centres editorial saying that the Kingdom of God Cam- and among the peasants, but it is doing so largely paign was one of the best movements ever because the Christian Chnrch has failed to think launched in Japan. and speak and work in terms of the problems of our day. If the Christian Church will arouse it- Of special significance is the fact that last Oc- self and face the challenge it still has a chance to tober, in one of Kagawa's meetings in Kyoto, win out in this fierce fight for the soul of Japan. Nishida Tenko, a well known Buddhist priest signed a card indicating his purpose to accept the The Kingdom of God Campaign is no one-man Christian faith. During the past ten years Mr. campaign, but is a movement of the Christian Nishida, as a Japanese St. Francis, has attracted forces of the nation. Kagawa is its outstanding the attention of the whole nation. He himself has figure. He conducted a special effort in three of lived a life of poverty and has espoused the cause Japan's northern cities in which 1,800 people of the poor. He has organized a Mutual Help signed inquirer'S cards. Order, the members of which live a communal life. The doors of this Order are open to any- A Mass Conference for Laymen and Laywomone who is in trouble or in need, either spiritual en, held under the auspices of the Kingdom of or physical. The members of the Order agree to God Campaign at Nara, was the second in the render any kind of service at any time and in series of conferences which the movement put on any place, even of the most menial type and with- in different parts of the empire in order to mobilout any stipUlated remuneration. ize the laity and train them for aggressive and effective participation in the campaign. Communism is making tremendous inroads in student centres, as well as in the industrial areas The first conference, held in Tokyo for Central and among the peasant class. The doors, however, and Eastern Japan, was attended by a total of are not closed to the Christian message. The over 1,000 delegates representing every city and writer participated in a campaign in a rural town province within the area which this gathering where the local committee arranged to hold the tried to serve. The interest manifested, the conmeetings in the auditorium of the public primary tagious spiritual atmosphere which characterized school. When I expressed concern as to whether every session, the fine fellowship which marked my message, in which I expected to major on the the meetings and the high purpose to' carryon, evangelistic note, would be welcomed in such a which was expressed in every period given to displace I was told that the principal, although not cussion and prayer, caused this conference to stand out as one of unusual significance.

from an Oriental

..:( By MARY E. MOORE, New York Secretary of Young People's Work. Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church. U. S. A.

Tokyo, August 25, 1931 were much impressed with the large Sunday T ODAY I had a long talk with Gladys Walser. school in the West Gate Church where they It is hot and not particularly comfortable, have over 2,000 … We revelled in the dazzling but Mrs. Walser is waiting for the arrival whiteness of the Korean garb-probably due of Lindbergh, so heat is forgotten. She was tell- to much beating from little wooden ironing clubs ing me of her particular hobbies which are "cook- … We heard rumors of war from Manchuria.

ing" and "peace." . Drove down town and saw war posters every- "The one thing my mother taught me to do was where.

cook," said Mrs. Walser. "When Later~n the China Sea my sister and I graduated from college we were given a cook We returned to Seoul and took book, the entire charge of the a boat from Chemulpo to Chefoo.

kitchen and told to proceed." It was a Chinese boat, the Litung, Down in the Terajima district, and had six hundred Chinese on a most needy section of Tokyo board, fleeing from Korea due to where 39,000 people gave their persecution resulting from land lives in a fire during the time of troubles between Chinese and the great earthquake, a House of Koreans in Manchuria.

Hope (Kobokan) has been start- Peiping, China, October 7, 1931 ed. The women make hooked rugs and do other work. Mrs. Mrs. Leynse took us for a visit Walser has cooking classes to to three Christian homes. It is teach the Japanese women to use part of the work she loves to do- cheaper cereal and spinach in- this visiting! We visited the stead of so much polished rice and home of a very wealthy Chinese pickle. lady. There were many court- Princess Shirakawa has become yards as a part of her six hun- interested in these classes and dred room house, and off of one asked to have one started for the of the most beautiful inner gar- women of noble rank. Such a dens we were shown into a re- class now meets in her own home. ception room w her e tea was The members give liberally to A MISSIONARY AND KOREAN HOSiJ'- served and we talked about her help raise the budget of 600 yen ESS BESIDE SOME PICKLE JARS family. I shall never forget the for the Social Center. little rock garden and the thou- The Women's Peace Society of Japan, under the sands of gold fish. As we took our leave, two presidency of Michi Kawai, is an active organiza- little round boys wrapped in many layers of tion. Formerly the work of good will cultivation jackets, for it was a cold day, came in from school consisted largely in caring for tourists, but at the with their amah. When they saw us they drew suggestion of Mrs. Walser, peace literature and back in dismay, but were finally prevailed upon pageants have been introduced in the schools, es- to come forward and greet us. With boys like pecially at Christmas time. that growing up under a wise Christian mother, Pyengyang, Korea, September 22, 1931 China has hopes. Our second horne was that of a Chinese bead Louise Hayes drove us around to visit most of merchant-simple but clean, with its reception the seventeen churches in this great city. We room, stiff chairs and table and tea equipment.

[477 ]

A refugee son from Manchuria had just arrived General Chang Tse Kiang, head of the Bandit and there was much excitement, but we were Suppression of Kiangsu Province, has been using greeted with all friendliness. his influence to urge Chinese Christians to pray that their own sins of selfishness, lack of conse- It was to the miserable abode of a riksha man cration in individual living, indifference to govwe went last. An untidy little girl with a bright ernmental matters, be removed. "When China smile, opened the gate and invited us to come in. prays to have her own sins removed there will Except for the courtyard there was only one in- be no need to fear Japan for the answer is with closure with a brick k'ang and some iron kettles, ourselves," says he. a few farm implements, a broken riksha-to make this "home." Some dried weeds and a few stray These are almost the exact words of the sticks of wood had been gathered thriftily and Manchurian banker who shared the second step were waiting the evening time when the family of the car with Sam Dean on one of his trips would assemble, warm their hands at the meager down from Mukden last· falL Both men were blaze while it also cooked the sweet potatoes or strapped on by leather belts to prevent their millet. Afterwards, all would retire to the brick falling off should sleep o'ertake them. Speaking k'ang and go to sleep in preparation for another of Mr. Dean-no mention of Peiping is complete weary day. A miserable dog emphasized anew without mentioning his unique service as OrIgI- nator of the School of Practical Engi- neering and Architecture. The evan- gelistic work carried on by his students in the villages near Peiping is worth a visit to China just to see and experience.

Shanghai, October 24, 1931 Mrs. Millican and I went to see Mrs.

Lee today. She is the wife of a wealthy Chinese broker. It was a bit awesome to pass the Sikh guards at the gate and enter the park-like inclosure. The house is set in a colorful background of green shrubs and gay flowers. For her hobby, Mrs. Lee conducts a kindergarten in her home. The children were practicing TECHNICAL CHRISTIAN TRAINING FOR CHINESE MEN-ENGINEERING for Christmas-rugs were up and on that highly polished floor activities for me the wretched existence of that animaL were taking place which would produce nervous (One does not talk of dogs and their habits in collapse in an American housewife. Mrs. Lee sees· polite society in the Orient.) For all the lack of her home only as a place for service. What if cheer in the home surroundings, there was no scratches do appear and furniture gets battered- warmth lacking in the hospitality of our little children are to be considered first. She loves Chinese hostess. every minute of the time the children are there!

Nanking, China, October 20,1931 We also met Miss Li Gwan Fang. Miss Fang is editor of The Woman's Messenger Three fascinating experiences today! A visit which has at present a circulation of 2,000 and to the tomb of Sun Yat Sen on Purple Mountain. sells for $1.20 (Mexican) a year. (Divide by four There were many steps but a perfect view of the to estimate price in American dollars at present awful flood area. rate of exchange.) The aim of the magazine is to At five o'clock we went off to be guests of give the Chinese mother in the home a broader Madame Kung, whose husband is Minister of In- outlook and a greater skill in performing home dustries. The occasion was a special prayer meet- duties. Some features have been series of aring, called at the request of General Chiang Kai ticles on "Women of the World" and their Shek and Madame Chiang. The latter was there place in international life; home problems; in person and looked every bit the First Lady of translated stories such as "Ramona," "Hans Brinker," and "The Secret Garden." Miss Fang the Land. is writing a book on "Famous Women of China" Throughout China the Christians are meeting to pray earnestly for the future of their country. I could not understand a word, but I never "felt" and has also published a pageant, "Mothers of such prayers in my life. the World."

A KOREAN AT PRAYER

Canton, China, November 1, 1931 That evening Miss Florence Lei told me of the Young People's Conference held in Soochow in Oc- Such a busy day! Here is a strong Christian tober. The young people had said that some of young people's organization. We had hardly made the present weaknesses of the church were exour first talks when we were asked how young and tremes in preaching, conservatism, too little worold can cooperate in the church. ship, too much preaching, lack of social life, no tOeal message in sermons and poor organization of "The older people think we don't know anything material; leaders were too self-important, not and can't take responsibility," said one young keeping up to modern times. (There-nothing man. "How can we prove that we do and can?" wrong-except- ?) The young people are chiefly interested in communism, science and material We discussed this same question later at an- things, but the solution as worked out at Soochow other conference. One older man pled with the was to be found in a paid Young People's Secreleaders to use the same skill and patience in inter- tary, a fund to use for work with youth, a retreat esting the young people in the church that they of leaders to plan an immediate, tentative pro-· do in fishing. "You don't throw stones into the gram to help take care of the most glaring laeks. water," said he, "when you want to catch fish." "Most of all," said Miss Lei, "we felt the need It sounded familiar to hear Mrs. Kwang talk of advisors with religious experiences to guide us, about raising money. "I don't ask for money. I not older people to scold." ask for a chair, a picture, or a brick, and I get them."

A Korean at Prayer By the REV. WALTER C. ERDMAN, Germantown, Pa.

Missionary of the Presbyterian Church to Korea A YOUNG man was sitting cross-legged on a glade, neither aroused his curiosity nor disturbed .I"l.. flat-topped boulder, his hands upon his his concentration. He made no movement to ob- serve us, though it must have been startling to knees, immovable in meditation. He have a group of foreigners, barbarians from bemight have been a "White Buddha" on its pedes- yond the Great Peace Ocean, in strange outlandtal. He did not glance at passers-by and his un- ish attire, suddenly break into the sunny silence seeing gaze was not disturbed by the brightness of that secluded hollow far up among the hills. of the noonday sun. The more ambitious of the climbers went on The ashes of a dying fire were just below his to the summit of the peak. Some remained to feet. On another boulder near at hand were a rest and eat a noon-day luncheon on the edge of brass bowl and spoon and in a bag a few handfuls the cliff beyond the spring and to await the of rice. A dozen yards away in a hollow place others'return. A deep valley wound away among at his right an ice-cold spring bubbled out among the mountain ridges below. Behind us rose steep the roots of a hazel clump and slipped away in the mountain slopes covered with thickets of scrub bamboo grass. On a slightly higher rock behind oaks and beeches with clumps of azalea and him was a small white china bowl filled with clear patches of bamboo grass between the copses. water from the spring and a few grains of cooked From time to time we glanced across at the asrice were scattered over the surface of the rock. cetic. An hour passed. He made no movement. He must have seen us but he made no sign. The The young man was worshipping an "unknown sun was hot but he sought no refreshing shade. god," the spirit of the mountain. The rock was He seemed far away in some other world of his altar. The limpid spring water and the rice thought. grains were his offerings. His ascetic fare and his self-discipline were. his devotions. He was Finally I went and sat beside him on the waiting. ~ .. boulder. He eyed me calmly and dispassionately but waited for me to speak. I confess to a curi- Our mountain climbing party of missionaries, suddenly emerging from the thicket across the

osity far greater than his own. With proper form of Jesus Christ, the Son of God, who came into and polite phrase I introduced myself, speaking the world that men might learn about God and go his language and following his country's custom. to Him in prayer 1 Gravely apd with no show of irritation he returned the salutation. His name was So-and-so Truly he had never been caused to hear such from Such a village. Was I honorably in peace? words as these. What was the meaning of them 1 I was at peace. Was he willing to be inter~ Jesus Christ is the Son of God. He came into rupted in his meditations and to talk to a man- the world to save men from their sins. He is our nerless foreigner'? go-between with God. The Orient's great teacher Confucius is reported to have said, "If a man sins Certainly; he had no other work in hand. before God there is no place in his life for Had he been sitting there long in this manner 1 prayer," but our sacred writings have a more Long? No, assuredly not. Only three days helpful word for sinners. In our Book it is hopeand nights. fully written, "If any man sin we have a go-be- tween in the presence of God the Father, even Nights? Surely he. does not pass the nights Jesus Christ the Sinless One." You can pray to there in the cold without shelter or covering? God even now if you will. Close your eyes to shut out the sight of the world around you and repeat Yes, it was cold but he did not mind it particu- this prayer after me …" larly. It is warm in the daytime.. o God who created all things, our Father, open my But what about the tigers? They prowled continually in these wild ravines. There were bears dark mind that I may understand thy truth. Help me to in the thickets and wild boars in abundance. The understand that Jesus Christ is my Saviour from the guilt signs were all about us. Was he not afraid? and power of sin. Help me to trust Him now and forever. Not particularly. The tigers did not seem to molest him. The wild boars grunted and passed Free me from all fear of evil spirits and save me for Thyby. self. I ask in the name of Jesus Christ. Amen.

Was he fasting? ' Not entirely. Twice a day To our amazement, sentence by sentence, he rehe cooked a handful of rice from the bag and drank water from the spring. But the food sup- peated the prayer. ply was getting low. He could only remain another night and day and then go home, even so, "I ask in the name of Jesus Christ …" Cleartraveling hungry. ly and carefully the words fell from his lips. Might one gently enquire the meaning of this long vigil through freezing nights and burning Strange, was it not? A young man who, until noons? that moment, had never heard the name of Christ, He was praying. To wbat spirit? willing to repeat a form of prayer suggested by He did not know. The mountain spirit, perhaps. Tiger, or an unknown stranger of a different race? dragon or horse, he was not certain which. Certainly the spirit of the place. The water on the It was time to go down the trail again. We rock and the rice grains were for the spirit of the place. could not stay for a longer talk. One final ques- What earnest desire led him to this rigorous form of devotion'? tion and we would go. Would he like some leaflets No particular desire. He wished to please the spirits. which would tell him more about God? Were they good or evil? He would but he could not read. He did not know. They might give blessing. Certainly they could bring disaster if neglected. "Take them anyway," we said. "Ask someone How did he pray? in your village to read them aloud and then read- He had no method. He tried to keep his mind er and hearer both can learn the truth. Is it not as free from thought as possible. He had heard from Buddhist monks that this was true religion. a good plan ?"

Would he like to know how to pray, truly? "It is well." Surely he would. But where' could one find a teacher. "Do not forget your prayer. Perhaps God sent Had he ever heard of the great God who made the earth and the sky and the mountains, the clear us to meet you here to teach you how to ·pray. water for man's drink and rice for his food; or Remain in peace."

"Even so. Go in peace."

We turned and left him on the boulder, com- mending him in our heart, to the Greater Spirit of the place. He remained through that night, but two days later woodsmen who had passed that way said that the young man had gone. .

Millions in the world seem indifferent to God.

Amateur atheists in America and virulent Reds in other lands may bitterly oppose Him because His Word is a condemnation of the life they wish to lead, but here and there in the world are lonely, seeking hearts. Shall we carry to them the mes- sage of God through Jesus Christ?

In the New-

Hebrides By the REV. FRED BOWIE Tangoa, Santo, New Hebrides ):..

Missionary of the Australian Presbyterian Church T HESE islands are too isolated, and too far CONTRAST-HEATHEN CHIEF AND SON OF A CHRISTIAN separated, and each missionary is too con- PASTOR fined to his own particular field to make it possible to give any general or detailed view of his people nearer Tangoa to a more easily de- fended place, and built a new village. the situation in the group. If the field were a like area of continuous land, In the southern islands the pig was an impor- tant article of property and of food. In the north the difficulty would be much less. No doubt the it was much more than this; by killing pigs in missionaries would be in more intimate touch ceremonial a man determined his rank in this with each other, and at centres other than their world and also in the world to come. Only on speown they would have some personal acquaintance cial occasions like the killing of pigs did the peowith existing conditions of which they know only pIe of various districts come together. Every man possessed a rifle of some kind, but for the by hearsay. time no firearms were to be carried, and there Long stretches of sea separate most of the was general peace.

islands, and, for most part, differences of lan- Even then acts of treachery were sometimes guage separated even more effectively. This lat- perpetrated. In our earliest days in a mountain ter feature applied not only as between island and village there was to be a pig-killing. Crowds of island, but also as between district and district people came to take part in the feasting and of the same island, and in our early days meant dancing. Among them, relying upon the recoghostility between the tribes. With us in Santo- nized rule, was a man who, having killed one of Tierra del Espiritu Santo-the normal condition the people of the village, had been able to evade was one of war, and every man was on one side various attempts upon his life. At the "singof the fight. sing" none of the villagers took any notice of him.

As an example of the language barrier, here at Tangoa, South Santo, about the middle of the coast, and for several miles inland, for "good" we say "ruchu"; farther inland it is "nam"; three miles west and inland it is "otomi"; eight or ten miles west again it is ('meretach"; inland from that and farther west and north the word is "vure'a"; a dozen miles up the west coast it is "woto." This was all in our district. Beyond, and in the north, and in the east, are other words, at least four that I know.

Thirty-five years ago we never heard of a man of another part passing along our beach. A little before our arrival some who ventured were fired upon and one was killed. Immediately after, sure of reprisal, the man who shot the other took [481 ]

A man of another place struck up acquaintance miration for him. All were sure that they would ·with him, and by degrees spent a good deal of time see another order of things, and all three did. in his company. On the last night of the feast, while the beating of drums and dancing were pro- We had already seen something of what had ceeding, this man, Vokeipau, entered the house been done elsewhere. The day before we reached where the enemy, still somewhat suspicious and Tanna we had been at Futuna, and had seen some avoiding the dancing ground, was seated alone. of Dr. Gunn's Christian people. Two days earlier, With seeming carelessness carrying an axe, the on a Sunday afternoon, we had made our first handle in one hand and the head in the other, he landing in the New Hebrides at Aneityum, at Dr. approached, saying, "This is the axe which I told Geddie's old station. To all of us newcomers it you Kele brought from Noumea." With a sudden was a moving sight to see the people, clean and movement he swung the axe and sank it in the decently clad, coming to church, and to hear them man's shoulder. For his effort Vokeipau received sing their hymns to the familiar tunes in use in our own homes. In the prayers of the elders who a pig. took part in the service there was an earnestness There were only slight contacts and it was and a fervor that impressed us; it was something that we could all understand, although not even therefore difficult to carry the Gospel to t4e peo- Dr. Paton knew any of their language. Here was ple. On the main island no local man would go encouragement: what had been accomplished by with us beyond a very limited area. We overcame grace in the hearts and lives of the Aneityumese this by inducing inland men and boys to come to would yet be witnessed among the Tannese and work for us, and by using some of them as guides. among those to whom the others of us were to go. Most of us had to prepare our own translations of Scriptures and of hymns. Now anyone may After we left Tanna, our next stopping-place go anywhere in safety. was Dr. Paton's own island, Aniwa. When his conv.erts met us at the beach, welcoming Dr. More than thirty-five years ago seven young Paton back, and as he and they conducted us all missionaries went out to the new Hebrides to- to the old house, to the church, to the well, and gether, with Dr. John G. Paton as a fellow pas- as we considered what had been done there as at senger. He came especially to see his son Frank Aneityum, once more making the situation over settled as a missionary on the west side of Tanna. against Tanna as a bright light over against in- tense darkness, again we had fresh cheer, and fur- At that time only Aneityum and Aniwa were ther assurance that all things were possible. Witclaimed to be entirely Christian, but considerable ness to this was added at Efate, at Nguna, at advance had been made in Eromanga, also in Tangoa, and in less degree at Epi and beyond. Efate and in the islands of which Nguna and Mr. Smaill of Epi was visiting Paama, but there Tangoa were the centres; Epi too had bright only a beginning had been made. spots. Tanna was particularly difficult. Now after thirty-five years today all the islands On our fourth and fifth days in the islands we from the south northwards, including Paama, are visited the scenes of the heartbreaking experi- accounted Christian. The Condominium Governences of Turner and Nisbet, of Dr. Paton himself, ment recognizes this, for it has made provision in of Matheson, Johnston, Neilson, Watt, and Gray. these islands for the administration of a native We saw the Tannese as all had seen them from the code of laws by native courts; in the islands to time when Captain Cook visited Port Resolution. the north of Paama as yet there is no law-so Our guide was Mr. Watt, whose headquarters at that even an offense like the murder of :it native that time were at the Port, and who then was the by a native is not punishable by law. only missionary in Tanna. We had heard Dr. Paton talk of the Tannese as naked, painted In Tanna such progress has been made that savages. Some were painted, and they were all while thirty-one years ago Mr. Macmillan bapnearly naked, but none of us thought them at all tized his first eight converts, in his report last grim and repulsive. year he set out that at the last celebration of the Lord's Supper between six and seven hundred Fifty-four years had passed since Turner and members took part. For various reasons these Nisbet had lived on Tanna. For nearly thirty were ohly a part of the Christians. On the oppoyears Mr. Watt had been holding on. Although site side of the island there is now a new misin 1881 he had baptized fifteen converts, it was sionary doctor with his wife. said that at the time of our arrival, in 1896, there was not on the island one baptized Tannese. Yet The position at Vila, the capital of the group, is he did not talk like a man without hope, but rather also worthy of note. There are the greatest numas a live sane man of deep faith, sure of the power bers of whites, British and French. Before the of the Gospel, delighted and encouraged at the eyes of the natives there is endless drinking, gamadvent of Dr. Paton's son, and of Mr. Macmillan bling and other evils. Natives of many islands to take Mr. Gray's place. We were filled with ad-

TODAY IN THE NEW HEBRIDES

are taken there as crews for boats and ships, and ary had retired; another had to give up Ollac- as workers about houses and stores, wharves count of ill-health; a son of Dr. Paton, thirty-six and plantations. It is said that such as wish years in Malekula, for over a year has been out may get any amount of alcohol almost under the with a poisoned foot which has had to be ampu- very eyes of the authorities. Still, for the most tated. The one missionary left has been on fur- part, the local people seem to be uncontami- lough, and is returning. A young couple also is nated, and to some of us it never ceases to be coming. In the meantime several teacher-evan- ope of the wonders of the Gospel in the islands to gelists have been carrying on, and no one fears see them kept so unspotted in spite of the bound- that the work is going to pieces; all recognize that less temptations to which they are subjected. these workers, cast upon their own resources and In those days Ambrim had two established centres of work. It has had its special cross to bear. Besides other losses, in the twinkling of an eye at Christmas in 1913, its principal station with its splendidly equipped an d most useful general hospital was blown sky-high when the whole valley went up in a volcanic eruption. A lesser, but also a destructive, erup- tion has occurred since. The Gospel is manifesting its power in many places today.

In the large island of Malekula there were four mIsSIOnaries. Soon aft e r there was a fifth. All these extended their influence in all directions. As in all the A CHURCH IN TANGOA. NEW HEBRIDES ISLANDS northern islands, in Maleku- la much still remains of the old heathen life. On depending upon their Lord, will be all the strong- the first day of this year I went to Malekula with er for the experience, and many of their people some time-expired students. One of the teachers as well. .

told me about shooting that had occurred in the What is said of Malekula holds also of Santo north. A heathen chief had been planting and Malo. The three islands in the northeast, bananas. As he stood upright, holding a banana Pentecost, Oba, and Maewo, are outside our rec- stock with both hands, and with his feet pushed ognized field, and long ago were occupied by the the ground in around the base, two rifle shots rang Melanesian (Church of England) Mission, and out. A bullet went through both arms, and more recently by the Church of Christ as wen.

another through both thighs. His assailants fled. Thirty-five years ago in this the widest part of The wounded man's friends carried him home. Santo there was only one church and school, situ- Seemingly no attention was paid to the wounds, ated on a little island off the coast. About sev- so that they became a horrible mess, and the chief enty miles distant in the northwest there was begged his friends to strangle him. This two of another church. That year another central sta- them did with a vine. A grave was dug, and tion was opened in Big Bay in the north; the fol- when we (Were there his body had lain for three· lowing year another was established fifty-five weeks uncovered. It was not to be covered till his miles away on the east coast. Now there are death should be avenged. Christian communities all around the island.

At that time on Santo we had had a similar There have been several inland communities also, case, except that the unburied man was supposed but in most instances after a time they have de- to have been killed by witchcraft. To some extent liberately migrated shorewards. Where the peo- the strength of the present position in ·Malekuht, ple have been able to settle on heights inland they may be gauged by this that for several months re- have done well, but where, as at various places cently in the island there have been no Christian on the west coast, they have come down to the workers except people of their own. One mission- beaches, the result has been disastrous. No per- 484 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [September suasion could stop them. Blackwater fever is it curious that there should be those who cannot; common on all that coast. who fearlessly handle a lizard or even a snake; who, unafraid now of spirits finding means of ac- There are in the islands, or definitely assured cess to their houses, break out the extra windows and in sight, twelve or thirteen missionaries. At so as to have more fresh air; who without hesipne time we had twenty-six. The motor launch, tation burn the cutH,:..gs of their hair, and who replacing the old sailing boat, has played quite a do many other like things that their fathers or part in the change. In the early days nothing was tf~ 11' grandfathers would not have dared to do. certain in regard to a journey to a distance to Many are sterling fellows, earnest, dependable, leeward. With a good engine in a good hull one keen to acquire knowledge, particularly of the can now make definite plans, and can depend upon Bible, and in the days to come ought to do good overseeing a much wider field than with sails and work. oars. If there were more of Christ in the hearts of For the past thirty-six years the various mis- the whites in the islands, much more would have sionaries (Presbyterian) representing Canadian, been done, and much more might be done by the Scottish, Australian, Tasmanian, and New Zea- people themselves. Fortunately many of the Britland churches, and the J. G. Paton Fund, all work ish would not willingly do anything to create even together as if we were from one church. We a wrong impression, but there are islands and dishave been sending men, single or married, with tricts where the influence of outsiders is anything their wives to this place to be trained as teach- but helpful. Some have no shadow of regard for ers. Dr. Annand, of the Canadian Church, of morality. However, there is a likelihood that whose death we have just heard, established it. much that during the past years has been winked at by the administrators will be stopped. The There is no limit to the obligation under which government helps us to this extent, that it allows all of us have been to our native fellow-workers, us to import books free of duty. Nowadays the to scores who have had no special training. They islanders discriminate between outsider and outhave been alive and full of desire to see their fel- sider, and form definite opinions of each. More lows won for Christ. Others, during their four and more they· are ready to shoulder, and are years here, have been taught something of many shouldering, the burden of the work. They are things, but chiefly the great truths of the Gospel. our hope for the future. In spite of every oppo- The book VI hich we use for spelling, for reading, sition, perhaps in part on account of this, the for dictation, for transcription, for composition, Gospel has triumphed, and gradually is winning for practically everything, is the English Bible. its way through all the islands. This is necessary on account of the multiplicity of tongues. –,.:—- On our roll of Christians at present are fifty- A PRAYER FOR HELP':' one men and seven women, wives of seven of the men. The women have their own classes and in- Dear crucified Lord, in the shadow of Thy Cross struction in various kinds of work. These work- may we receive that moral strength, that divine ers come from as far south as both the east and courage which will enable us to combat the evils the west sides of Tanna, and from as far north of selfishness, greed, indulgence and all unworthias the north of Santo. ness that would prevent our deliberations leading us to decisions for the highest good of the little Several of them were reared in heathenism village as well as of the great city; for the poor and are acquainted with all its ways, including its and the nearly poor as well as for those who have fears. They know the pit out of which they have plenty; for the places of hard toil as well as the been brought. Last week I discovered that two places of affluence; for those who are weak in the of them still do not venture to speak of a father- face of temptation as well as for those who can in-law or a mother-in-law by name. One deals stand strong. Help us, dear Saviour, to rememgently with such, all the more because many of ber that in this great throng this morning we their prohibitions have been laid down for rea- appear before Thee as individuals, seperate and sons morally sound. We have now more of the alone. Be Thou the captain of our souls! Then if second generation of Christians, who know a good poverty comes we shall not be so poor and if sordeal about the former heathen life, but who have row comes we shall not be so sad, and if death been freed from many of the fears attached to it. comes we shall not be afraid. 0 Thou God of all A few days ago one of these, afrajd to touch a nations, Jesus Christ the world's Redeemer, hear lizard, was induced to approach and take one out us as we pray, and have mercy upon us, for Jesus' of my hand and handle it. There are still others sake, Amen. of the third generation who in their own islands have not seen any of the old way, who can name ,;. The prayer of Evangeline Booth was the most inspiring event in .a father-in-law or a mother-in-law, and who think fill the session of the Dem9cratic Convention meeting in Chicago.

OPENING OF THE I. M. C. COMMITTEE MEETING AT HERRNHUT

The delegates met in. the historic old Moravian Church. They were seated in the center section.

At Herrnhut -Tw-o Centuries After The Meeting of the International Missionary Council in Birthplace of Modern Missions By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D.

"~I Princeton, N. J. I~"

Professor of the History of Religion and Christian Missions T HERE is spiritual power in environment. ago the Moravian Brethren sent out their first "Vhere John first baptized," we read, "there missionaries from the very "upper room" where many believed on Jesus." (John 10 :40-42.) the Council met for its devotional meetings. Dr. Those who attended the International Missionary Julius Richter calls the place "the sanctuary and 'Council Meeting held on the Mount of Olives in shrine of the whole continental missionary enter- 1928 or in 1930 near the Haystack Monument, or prise." The very stones cry out, "Believe, endure this summer at historic Herrnhut, felt there the and dare." In his opening address of welcome unseen power of past history. Two hundred years Bishop Baudert, of the Unitas Fratrum, said: [485 ]

"What has given us the courage to invite you to Dr. Mott spoke, the great congregation-with the small Herrnhut? We remember how on August Sisters on the one side and the Brethren on the 21, 1732, the first missionaries set out from Herrn- other-included more than half of the population hut to carry the Gospel to the Negro slaves in St. .of the town! So they shared the worship and Thomas. Then a fire was lighted here at the foot vision of the International Missionary Council.

of the Hutberg which by the grace of God has not Under the chairmanship of Dr. John R. Mott, gone out and never will. With gratitude to God and with the secretarial leadership of Dr. J. H.

we remember how he has enabled our little Church Oldham, the Rev. William Paton and Dr. A. L.

to send out in unbroken succession more than Warnshuis, in fellowship with the lay and clerical three thousand Brethren and Sisters as mission- leadership of these widely scattered missionary aries to the heathen." forces, the Council has grown in strength. Its Indeed, the setting of the conference in this program is world-wide, its proposals are often Moravian community, with its marvelous history, startling, but the sober judgment and Christian enriched our inner spiritual life and our discus- boldness of this leadership has won the whole- sions. It was the great English historian, Lecky, hearted allegiance of most of the missionary who said that what happened to John Wesley in forces of Protestant Christendom.

the little Moravian meeting in Aldersgate'Street, The opening sessions of the Council were wisely London, meant more to England than all the victo- devoted to the unburdening of hearts on the great ries of Pitt by land or sea. The missionary move- issues of the day in which we live, the new oppor- ment sprang from the evangelical revival which tunities and the baffling difficulties in a score of came out of the Moravian movement. This revival countries across the world. There was out-spoken in turn expressed itself, not only in personal con- reality and no shrinking from the issues that are version, but in social action-the abolition of the at stake; no deferred hope made hearts weak but slave trade and legislation for industrial reform. courage rose with danger.

~ome of the letters written by John Wesley to Again and again, in single sentences, a window Count Zinzendorf are in the archives at Herrnhut was opened into dramatic new situations that and two of them were read at one of the sessions startle and challenge. What a world of suffering by Mr. Basil Matthews. and gallant courage is, for instance, revealed in Most of the delegates arrived by way of Dres- the simple statement that "forty-nine churches den in a great German omnibus which drew up in of Korean Christians have recently been closed in the beautiful little square called Zinzendorf-Platz, Siberia by the Soviet Government, many of the after a seventy mile drive southward through the Koreans taking refuge in .Manchuria, and that in rolling corn-fields and forests of Saxony. We were response the Korean Church itself is carrying out within sight of the mountains of Czecho-Slovakia, a special evangelistic forward movement among at the centre of a Europe that is passing through those people in Manchuria."

one of the major changes of history. As the men Similar heroic advances in face of humanly im- and women stepped out from the omnibus, the hos- possible conditions of chaos .and economic terror pitable and kindly eyes of our Moravian hosts and in China, in face of terrible distraction in Japan, hostesses looked into the faces of men and women, in the midst of national unrest in India were re- Indian, Chinese and Korean, Japanese, Belgian ported. A stirring picture of the apostolic travels and American, Filipino and Fr~nch, leaders of the of a pastor touring the villages of Siam, and the Christian forces of every country in Scandinavia wonderful work of a group largely of young folk from Finland to Denmark, Dutch and Scottish, bearing their witness, brought thrill and cheer Canadian and Afrikander, Mexican and English. from an unexpected quarter. From the Philippine They came also from the banks of the Nile, the Islands came a picture of a Youth Movement Congo and the Yangtse rivers. These men and based on the three principles of reaching youth women had come across oceans and continents, through youth, of moral and social as well as spir- drawn from absorbing tasks at great cost of time itual uplift, and of the union of all the churches, to this little tranquil town of sixteen hundred in- in face of the vast multitudes of youtlJ., detached habitants, hidden among quiet hills, remote from by modern secular materialism from all Christian the roar of cities and the turmoil of industries. loyalties, whether Roman Catholic or Protestant.

The Chairman of the Council, speaking from the The very radical proposals made by Commis- spot where Zinzendorf had stood, said that he, sions on Higher Education in India and in Japan by analysis, had found that on the· average one showed that a new day is bound to dawn in these in sixty of the Moravian Brethren and Sisters fields. The proposal was welcomed that in Japan have gone to the mission field, while the propor- some score of theological colleges which, striving tion in the Protestant Churches of the West is less with inadequate staffs to give denominational than one in five thousand. In that church, as training to pastors, should concentrate into two,

AT HERRNHUT-TWO CENTURIES AFTER

where the best teaching strength of all these col- opments in the restriction of religious thought and leges would be for the good of all. life were reported from Turkey, Egypt, Persia, Eritrea, the Congo, China and Russia, and they At one of the sessions Mr. J. Merle Davis of reveal that the battle for religious liberty needs Japan and America and Dr. Iserland of Germany to be fought again. The work of the Council's expounded their work as colleagues in the new officers and proposed further activity in relation- Department of Social and Industrial Research and ship with governments in face of some of these Couricil in Geneva under the International Mis- situations, were approved. The refusal by the Sosionary Council. Their research into social and viet authorities to allow any religious worker even industrial conditions created by Western capital to pass through Russia, is one among many exand civilization among the African and other amples of the obstacles placed by some governprimitive peoples is a handmaid to direct evange- ments in the path of Christian missions. Common lism. It is essential to Christian men to discover counsel revealed that different nations and misand display in practice how to make civilization sionary agencies in widely separated areas are congruous with the Gospel of Christ. The Geneva suffering restrictions that are largely common in Department is concentrating at present upon the character and can best be met by concerted action, unique situation created in the copper belt of the if action is necessary, through government chan- Belgian Congo and Northern Rhodesia by its in- nel!:.. tensive industrialization of the African. Their definite goal is to work out in concrete terms how THE MORAVIAN CHURCH AT HERRNHUT the mining organizations, the governments and the missionary organizations can cooperate and In view of these facts, however, what is the integrate their forces in order to create a new Christian attitude to be with regard to mission- Christian African community, in place of the ary and religious freedom? This problem faced present disastrous corrosion of the old tribal St. Paul and all the Christians in the days when system which leaves the individual African an they were commanded to worship the Roman isolated atom. Emperor. It faces us today, but in new and strangely difficult forms, all across the world. The This large social and industrial program, put days of imprisonment, of persecution and of forward at Williamstown in 1930, had, however, martyrdom for the truth are not altogether of the aroused misgivings on the part of the Missionary past. The Council declared therefore: Council of the Northern Countries before the meeting at Herrnhut. They sent a joint memorial We believe that much more may yet be done by wise, from Stockholm which received careful attention. sustained and progressive efforts to secure full religious One paragraph deserves record here: freedom in all mission fields, and we would count the con- tinuance of such efforts indispensable, since such a serv- Since we are firmly convinced that the preaching of the ice can only be rendered effectively under such cooperative Gospel is the essential task of missions, and must always auspices as the International Missionary Council, and is remain SQ, we cannot help feeling anxious at the growing directly related to the evangelistic program of the mistendency of making programs for the solution of rural, sionary movement. social and industrial problems in the various mission fields. Naturally we do not object to discussing these important But at the same time they challenged the courproblems from the point of view of missions. But if this is age and faith of disciples: done beyond a certain measure there is a real danger of diverting the missionary zeal from its central objectives In the presence of restraints and limitations upon the to such social problems as will naturally present them- free witnessing of Christians and Christian missionaries selves when Christianity has had a long period of devel- to the Gospel of 'Jesus Christ, which are increasingly evi-. opment in a nation, but which in no wise need be put in dent in certain lands, and which emanate from sectarian the foreground at the time of laying the foundation of a hostility, rival religious systems, new theories of the State, Christian Church in a nation. or the rising tide of nationalism, it is our opinion that In the findings of the Council meeting to which we refer later it will be seen that Herrnhut owed much to this Stockholm letter. The central message of Christianity, the cruciality of the Cross, the need of conversion and of a new life as prerequisites to successful evangelism-all these came to their own once more in the Herrnhut deliberations.

Next to this question of the essential task, was that of religious liberty. A number of documents were in the hands of the delegates and two or three interesting and weighty statements on the principles of religious freedom. Alarming devel-

when such prohibitions to Christian witnessing become the Gospel and transforming social conditions. fundamental and sweeping, in the judgment of the Church These great spiritual movements, the growing concerned, these prohibitions do not relieve the individual Christian and the Christian Chu'rch of their duty to con- self-consciousness of the indigenous churches and tinue their witness with love and patience, and yet also the present financial stringency at home, all unite with endurance, if need be unto suffering. to summon us to closer and wider cooperation.

Another question that called for earnest con- This was evident in all the discussions. Problems sideration was the future policy of missions in the that are common face every missionary society in present financial crisis. At the outset of the com- the world; no one society can possibly grapple mittee meetings Mr. Kenneth Maclennan, Secre- with them, for they need the mobilizing of the tary of the Conference of British Missionary So- wisdom, the experience, the leadership and in- cieties, very strikingly showed how during the fluence of all in the light of God's leading. The post-war years, when income has been on the whole problem of cooperation between different whole stationary, the work in the field has gone churches was carried dramatically to a deeper ahead in multiplying prosperity. "Has not God," and more searching level by the Rev. W. J. Noble, he asked, "called us to discover through the very of the Wesleyan Missionary Society of Britain, stringency of the present economic crisis that one who declared that ultimately we are bound in era of His missionary work has closed and practice in cooperation to find ourselves face to another opened? Are we not called to face the face with the tremendous questions of Faith and fact of the self-witnessing Church in all mission Order. Unless we are ready to go further, he de- lands ?"Our contribution in the fields of the world clared, we have already gone too far. Is it not today must be something different from that of time, representing the missionary forces facing organization and direction. What is it to be?" heathendom, to say to the churches in the home Our first task is to ask what is God's will for land: "It is your duty to come together, for the future of missionary work in the face of this divided you make. it more difficult to win the world present crisis. We must seek to get deeper still for Christ. Variety in unity is in accord with the into the fulness of the Christian message for the will of God. The real breach is made by ex- present age. We witness, in the troubled waters clusiveness !"

of the Far East, the wonderful sustained evange- There was no exclusiveness at Herrnhut. Cath- listic movements in Japan and in China which re- olicity came to its own without compromise: veal the steadfastness and courage and faith of Realizing the colossal power of the inertia caused largethe new Christian churches there in a time of ly by the divided state of Christendom, the delegates, chaos, amid the crushing forces of materialism moved by the tragic world situation of today, call missionand communism. We must share the agonizing ary workers throughout the world to enter boldly a new era of cooperation. In that new period the requirements, conflict of loyalties in the hearts of members of principles and spirit of such cooperation must be more the Indian Church under the stress of nationalis- thorough, serious and sacrificial than ever.

tic hopes and fears; and rejoice together in the The officers of the Council are to give a major news of the movement of high-caste Hindus into part of their effort to furthering in an advisory the Christian Church, influenced by the beautiful way constructive advances in cooperation such as witness of the purified lives of former outcasts; may turn the retreat threatened by economic a movement that presents to the world a new stringency into triumphant advance. miracle of the Eternal Gospel. Amid the multitude of "findings," the complexi- It was a memorable occasion, and we were ties of the daily program and the activities of greatly stirred on hearing from representative leaders from all lands of astonishing aggressive special committees there are two things that made Herrnhut distinctive to my mind: the clear and work that is, with increasing momentum and out-spoken utterance on the central task of mispower, being carried on by the Christian Church, sions and the consciousness that the only source whether in the Far East or in Africa. Under the terrible economic stress of today's world crisis, of power is God's Holy Spirit. The message is and in the face of self-confident materialism and the Word of God. The method is conversion. The positive atheistic communism, the Christian forces power is outside of ourselves, and the goal is not in Japan and Korea, in China and Siam, in India mere social progress, but the fulness of the Kingand in the Philippines, far from beating a retreat, dom of God. The committee on the message had are pressing forward in ways for which it is dif- referred to it the Stockholm correspondence, and ficult to find a parallel in the history of modern their report, unanimously adopted, will reassure missions. One of these adventures is the detailed those who may have had misgivings regarding the program and the specific activity of the Kingdom position of the International Missionary Council: If we have anything to bring in the name of God to a of God Movement in Japan, to carry Christ into slum, village and industrial city, both proclaiming world in need, it is certainly not o ughr toowrnopuiretoy~nouhrumowann way of life, our own modes of thou

HOW CHRIST IS AFFECTING INDIA

-i,' "

help. What the Church has to give in its world mis~ion is tions, races and communions, we were repeatedly recalled to the parallelism between the Internathe good news of a divine act in history, of the Word made tional Missionary Council opening its heart and flesh. Apart from a Word which is from God, and not soul to the working of the Spirit in face of the from man, there is 110 Christian mission. In face of the world task of Christianity and the Moravians powerful anti-Christian forces operating in the world today we reaffirm our faith that the revelation of God in Christ is the only way of deliverance for mankind and sending out the first missionaries from that very that it alone can provide the foundation for an order of room in 1732. Early in the morning, on more society that will be according to the will of God. than one occasion) the Holy Communion was celebrated by the Bishop of Salisbury, in which, And again they say: We have considered afresh what is central in our mis- at his invitation, the members of the committee sionary work and where the chief emphasis should be laid. from all over the world shared. At no time did Weare convinced that our missionary task is to proclaim the radiant community spirit of the unity of the in word and life God's revelation and redemption in Jesus Brethren sweep across the spirits of the delegates Christ. We have no other task; for while there is much that is useful and good, "one thing is needful." We need with greater force than at the united Love Feast to ask ourselves whether everything that forms part of on the first Sunday, at which,with the delegates, present missionary activity serves the one dominant pur- there was present the Moravian community, pose of making clear the message of Jesus Christ in all whose strong, sweet choral singing expressed the its fullness. enduring moral and spiritual fibre of a people who No stronger statement could be desired. Each have triumphed over persecution, and have even society and each missionary must striv~ to reach this ideal at any cost. Finally, the atmosphere of faced peace and relative prosperity without de- Herrnhut was not materialistic, but devout and generation. May we not hope and pray that from other-worldly. In the devotional meetings at nine the Herrnhut meeting spiritual forces will go o'clock each morning, led by men of different na- forth that shall be like Zinzendorf redivivus!

HoV Christ Is Affecting India* -"II By ROBERT WELLS VEACH, D. D. 111'· W HILE traveling from Singapore to Cal- Hindustani; but on about every fifth page there cutta I became acquainted with a young was a paragraph in English which contained a Indian merchant. Tall, erect, well poised distinctly Christian idea about love and the marand with a rich, brown complexion, he was about riage relation. as handsome a fellow as one would like to meet. Apparently he was wealthy, a camphor merchant Some paragraphs were direct quotations from with large interests in Sumatra and Java. His the New Testament and a few had been a bit muhair was closely cropped except a lock about two tilated by lopping off the context, as, for instance, inches long which protruded from the crown of Ephesians 5 :24. "As the church is subject to his head, the sign that he was an orthodox Hindu. Christ, so wives should be subject to their hus- He was always draped in an immaculate white bands in every respect." (Moffat's translation.) robe finely embroidered with black along the edge. In response to my question about these Christian When the evenings were cool, he would don a ideas being incorporated in a Hindu book, he said: three-quarter length white serge coat with deli·- "We Hindus always read the best European and cately traced gold buttons. Occasionally he wore American books, and when we come across a a rose-colored turban. really good idea we assimilate it into our Hindu thinking." Picture him reclining languidly on a steamer chair, speaking English fluently and rolling his This is a significant statement and reveals the large, dreamy eyes in whose depths one caught While admitting that Christianity is making glimpses of fathomless philosophies milleniums rapid strides in India, my friend insisted that old, nebulous ideas and wistful wishing. power of Hinduism to survive the centuries. Hinduism would win because it has this amazing One day he handed me a book he was reading, capacity to assimilate Christian ideas and ideals. entitled "Love and Marriage," with the request Because of its profound philosophic insight, he that I look through it. The book was printed in * Presbyterian Survey.

claimed that it is able to give to the world a more unadorned and impressive. There was no altar, spiritual understanding of Jesus. All this came no priest, no image. For ten minutes I listened from a young Indian camphor merchant. to several hundred Hindu students chant their prayer and praise to the God of their fathers. One Sunday evening I tramped with Dr. Sam Then this leader and teacher of men showed me Higginbottom across the acres of his Agricultural through his library of which he is justly proud. Institute of Allahabad. He described the unex- He had majored in English Literature at Oxford pected visit he had one day from some Indian and was familiar with our American poets, even princes. They had been attending a great re- down to Lindsay and Robinson. Emerson and ligious gathering at Benares and having heard of Whitman he was willing to concede a high place; Higginbottom's work ·decided to see for them- but of all the others he refused to group any of selves. One morning six of them arrived at the them with Wordsworth, Browning, and Shelley. station in a private train. They were deeply impressed with what they saw and with the Chris- This man had recently presided over a public tian motive back of it all. One of them was so meeting addressed by Dr. Stanley Jones. At the taken with a fine young Christian student that he conclusion of the address he arose and expressed offered him the position of agricultural manager his complete agreement with most of the speakand teacher on his own large estate. er's statements because he found the same ideas in Hinduism. "This is our classroom for the study of Industrial Chemistry," said the president of a large But there are many thoughtful, highly intelli- Christian college. The room with its apparatus gent men among the six million followers of and charts was neatly arranged. On one of the Christ in India. One evening I met a very promiwalls I noticed a picture of Christ and the Rich nent Judge, a man of great intellectual breadth Young Ruler, while back of the teacher's desk and spiritual insight. Both he and his wife are hung a fine copy of Hoffman's Christ Among the active members of a Christian church. On an- Doctors. other occasion I attended a social gathering in the home of an Indian Christian. He is the head of "This Indian teacher is evidently Christian," I a large Government High School, is mentally alert remarked. and enthusiastically devoted to Christian work.

"No," said the president, "at least not a pro- Riding from Calcutta to Benares I shared the fessing Christian; but it would appear as if he compartment with an elderly gentleman, whom I were almost persuaded. The character of Jesus found most companionable. He proved to be a makes a strong appeal to many men who are not high railroad official and an active Christian. interested in organized Christianity." One day I addressed seven hundred students in Perhaps the keenest man intellectually I met in the Assembly Hall of a Christian college, and to India was a distinguished college president, the the best of my ability I challenged this host of head of a large Hindu Graduate School. He was promising young men to take the ideals and teacha Hindu and believes that, freed from shallow tra- ings of Jesus Christ and incorporate them into dition and vitalized by close contact with the main the new social and political structure that is takcurrents of modern thinking, Hinduism possesses ing form in India. The response was trementhe dynamic to make India great and powerful. dous. Is India almost persuaded?

I attended the chapel exercise. It was simple, The Cure for Depression What would Christ do and say to help us out of our trouble if He were on earth now?

We can judge only by what He did and said in the first century, an age not so different from our own, an age of unsettlement, violence, drunkenness and license. Christ would tell us not to yield to panic, "be not anxious for the- morrow, and not to trust in riches; what shall it profit .a man if he gain the whole world and lose his own soul?" Christ would tell us to work and pray for our daily bread, to keep our hearts clean and steady and kind, to love God supremely and our neighbor as ourselves. He would tell us not to be selfish or afraid, but to trust our Heavenly Father and do our duty from day to day. He would tell us that the Holy Spirit will guide us to our duty, that the universe is in the hands of God and that the soul of man is the most precious thing in the world.

These are the fundamental principles and spirit that must underlie and cure our trou- bles. Everyone can begin at once to put them in practice. HENRY VAN DYKE. .'.

Braga of

II: J ··:ill w~ . ~~~ ~ a~:n J:.. By REGINALD WHEELER, Nanking, China Recently Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, V. S. A., in charge of Latin-American Fields — _. __ . ._. — — ONE of the essential aims and ends of foreign clerk in a country store which, due to the exig- missions is the establishment and develop- encies of the economic situation, used old news- ment of a native church. To fulfil its mis- papers for wrapping its packages and articles of sion this church must be in reality self-propa- sale. One day the newsboy who brought these gating, self-supporting, self-governing. In many papers to the young clerk gave him some leaves mission fields such indigenous churches are now torn from a book in which John Braga became developing. Leaders of those churches are intensely interested. These leaves had been appearing who are worthy of being in- torn from a Bible, a book with which cluded in the long line of the suc- Mr. Braga, like many other nominal cessors of the glorious company of Roman Catholics, was not familiar.

the apostles. In Brazil, after two He became interested, asked for generations of mission service, more of these papers, read and there is such an evangelical studied them, and resolved to church today, independent of give himself to this new way foreign subsidy, directed by of life and belief. Soon after its own leaders, expressive a Presbyterian missionary, of the genius and spirit of the Rev. F. P. Schneider, its own people. Foremost made his acquaintance; as a among the leaders of that result John Braga was bap- church was Erasmo Braga. tized and became a member On May 11, 1932, at only 55 of the recently formed Pres- years of age, Dr. Braga's byterian Church in Brazil.

rich service upon this earth He studied for the ministry, came to an end. It is a privi- and became one of its most ac- lege to attempt to review a few tive and able leaders. While of the achievements of this truly teaching in a mission school in great man and to summarize some Rio Claro, as a candidate for the of the characteristics t hat en- ministry, he met and married a dea·red him to so many friends and girl who was also teaching in that that won for him the well deserved con- school. In 1877 their first child was fidence of the Evangelical Church, not PROFESSOR born, and was named Erasmo after the only in Brazil but throughout the world. ERASMO BRAGA famous Dutch humanist. This boy was Erasmo Braga was first and foremost a man of baptized by a Presbyterian minister who had the church of which he was a servant and a leader. fled from the Island of Madeira after a terrible He was an ordained minister of the Presbyterian persecution and had been wounded in a similar Church in Brazil, which he had served as Mod- persecution in Brazil. Erasmo thus grew up in a erator and in whose councils he occupied an infht- Christian home; entered the second class at Mac- ential position. kenzie College, Sao Paulo; took work in the His ecclesiastical inheritance is of unusual in- preparatory course of a school of law; and terest. His f.amily was an influential one that later entered a theological seminary to pre- lived in Portugal in a town that bore the family pare for the ministi'Y. After he was ordained name of Braga. His grandfather was an army he taught for. many years on the seminary officer in Portugal and his father, John Braga, faculty without salary. He was one of the emigrated to the new world of the Americas, land- directors of the seminary in Rio de Janeiro, ing in Brazil in the early 1850s. At first he had and has taken a special interest in the Curso difficulty trying to make his living. He became a Jose Manoel da Conceicao, which provides a [491 ]

junior college course of preparation for can- ments between the two. He favored the plan by didates for the ministry. which financial assistance would come from the Dr. Braga was not only a minister of the Evan- mission on a diminishing scale for initial and pio- gelical church, but an educator whose advice was neer areas, with the missionary force acting as sought in this field both in the sphere of the mis- the spearhead of evangelistic service on the fron- sion and of the government. He taught for some tier, and the native church taking over as rapidly years on the faculty of Mackenzie College and of as possible the work in larger cities' and evan- Campinas Seminary; he was Chancellor of the gelized areas. Such a cooperative plan has been Federation of Evangelical Schools of Brazil; put to the practical test in Brazil and has stood served on the Executive Council of the National the test. The Brazilian Church stands on its own Educational Association; and was the editor and feet with self-respecting independence and re- author of a number of text books, both in the field sponsibility, and Dr. Braga has had a large part of religious and secular education. No one who saw in shaping this development. His clearness and him preside at the Montevideo Congress and heard incisiveness of thought on this subject of coopera- him swing with ease and fluency from his native tion between mission and church was especially Portuguese to Spanish, to French, to English, will evident at the Lakeville Conference of the Pres- ever forget his linguistic skill and ability. He had byterian Board of Missions, where this issue was also a reading and working knowledge of Greek, one of the chief topics of consideration.

Latin, Hebrew and Italian. In a memorial service In the wider groupings that include churches held by the Brazilian Association of Education and missionsjn other lands, Dr. Braga also made after Dr. Braga's death, Dr. Anisio Teixeira, his distinct and serviceable contribution. Not long Superintendent of Public Instruction, said: before his death he was appointed representative Erasmo Braga was an educator in the highest and rich- of the Latin American section of the World's Alliest sense of the word, a binder together of men among ance of the Reformed Churches. A government themselves. I render today, as a member of the Brazilian official in Brazil paid this tribute to the universal Educational Association, and personally, the profound and quality in Dr. Braga's leadership: sincere homage of my intelligence and my heart to this man who did good to all of us because in all of us he There are those ~vho say that the Protestants built a added a power of love not of ourselves. bridge for a great intellectual passage in modern times but they did not have the courage to pass over. Men like But Dr. Braga's influence went beyond the Erasmo Braga are conducive to such a passage. They usual bounds of church and school and was ex- use their influence for religious cooperation in Brazil and pressed in many channels of service which are in the whole world. They tend to suppress the divisions grouped under the head of union and cooperation. among men by a tacit or expressed accord in a group of common ideas…. He led us forward because of those For twelve years he was Secretary of the Commit- delicate and sensitive labors which arduously insisted on tee on Cooperation in Brazil, the consultative and the harmony between men seeking with tolerance and long correlating agent of various evangelical church suffering spirit that which was a common denominator. groups in that country. Dr. Braga took an active He led us forward because he broke down differences, he part in the Panama Congress held in 1916; was eliminated divisions, and created stronger and more ample bonds of unity for human cooperation…. Because of chairman .and presiding officer at the Congress on this all of us, believers and agnostics, are able to associ- Christian Work in South America, held in Monte- ate ourselves together in homage to such a remarkable video, Uruguay, in 1925; he was one of the three character, reflecting Brazilian and universal religious members of the International Missionary Council thought as was Erasmo Braga. . . . representing Latin America, and met with the A missionary wrote of him: Council at Jerusalem in 1928; he was Honorary He was the one internationally-minded Brazilian Protes- tant. He always had an aptitude for other people's points President of the Evangelical Congress of Havana of view, even as a student back in 1892 when I first came in 1929; he .attended the Lakeville Conference of to know him well. … He knew the whole "Who's Who the Presbyterian Foreign Board held in June, of Brazil," and was, as a Vice-president of the Republic 1931, and played an influential part in the discus- once said, "mais acatado" (accepted with friendliness and sions there on the relations of mission and church. respected for character and intelligence) more than any Dr. Braga saw clearly that the merging of mission other man of his acquaintance.

and church, as many native leaders advocate, with In the sphere of the church, of education, in the continuance of foreign subsidy to this merged or- world field of cooperative enterprise, Dr. Braga ganization, was not the right solution of the prob- made his contribution and served his generation lem, and tactfully but fearlessly advocated the de- wisely and well. "He was a man, take him all in velopment of mission and church on parallel and all. We shall not look upon his like again."

distinct lines, each to administer its own funds But many of us who knew him remember him given by its own constituency, with a cooperative not as a minister, or as an educator, or as a leader or liaison committee or group to work out adjust- in cooperation, but as a friend whom we trusted

ERASMO BRAGA OF BRAZIL

and loved. Strong, wise, full of grace, Erasmo some weeks before his death, both he and his wife Braga drew men to him in friendship that was were ill. Death took Mrs. Braga on April 19th, deep and true and lasting. He was .an ideal com- three weeks before his own death. In a letter, panion, ready to enjoy the simple felicities of the written April 29th, he wrote in answer to a mesday and to share in the experiences of the common sage of sympathy in the loss which he had sustask as a true comrade and friend. tained: "Our sufferings have given us an oppor- tunity to witness for the Eternal Hope to a large Through all his service, in church, in school, in circle of relatives and friends." his cooperative capacities, as a friend, Erasmo Braga was a true witness for Christ. Dr. Braga's earthly ministry has ended, but his spirit lives on in school and church in Brazil, and In the Covenant Compam'on, published in Brazil, in ute wider circle of those in many lands who in October, 1929, an article summed up this dis- came to know him, who gained through him a tinctive spirit of his service: truer and more vivid understanding of the beloved community of the Church Universal, and of the For Latin America as a whole, no man today means One who is its Lord and its Light, before Whom more in the interest of making Jesus Christ known, loved, one day, that Church, in the building of which Dr. believed or followed, than Professor Erasmo Braga, whose Braga has had such a vital part, will be presented father learned to know the way of Life Eternal from the faultless with exceeding joy. fragments of a Bible used for wrapping paper in the early days of the pioneers in Brazil.

He was a witness clear through to the end. For An Egyptian Convert from Islam A CHRISTIAN effendi and a sheikh from EI mud read the Sermon on the Mount. When he Azhar University in Cairo took shelter to- read it he found notes from the donor: "Pray for gether in a shop during a shower of rain. those who despitefully use you"-"I pray for you Before they parted the effendi gave the sheikh a daily." And so on. card inviting him to a lecture at the C. M. S. student center. Attracted by the idea of meeting the Six months after he had broken up the discuseffendi again, Sheikh Mahmud went to the lecture sion meeting Mahmud, now convinced of the truth and made his first contact with Douglas Thornton of Christianity, had to make his decision. It is and Temple Gairdner. almost impossible to conceive what that decision involved. On the one side was training in Con- As a boy, when Mahmud was attending the stantinople as a lawyer-an assured position, great Moslem school in the Temple area (in Jeru- property, honor; on the other-a loneliness we can salem) he discovered in his father's house a copy only imagine, outcasting from family and home of a book forbidden throughout the Turkish Empire-"Sweet Firstfruits." He read it from cover and country, dishonor, persecution, disinheritance to cover, again and again. This was his first -and Christ. Mahmud himself tells the story of touch with Christian truth. How his father, a that night of decision: bigoted and orthodox Moslem, a teacher in the Haram, had become possessed of this book is a Mr. Gairdner called Mr. Thornton, and we three prayed mystery. together. Perhaps only about three times in my life have I prayed with the certainty of faith, and that was one. After the first lecture in Cairo Mahmud went Mr. Gairdner said: "I will say the words, and you shall regularly to the meetings. On one occasion he say them after me. .. 0 Lord, what shall I do? Enbrought twenty Azhari students with him for the lighten my eyes that I may perceive the best course, the express purpose of breaking up the meeting. The best for soul, the best for conscience." Even while I subject was the Crucifixion, and when Mahmud was speaking my heart was filled with a great glow of leaped to his feet calling on all true Moslems to love and I saw shining on the wall the word Al Masih show their abhorrence of the teaching, the meet- (Christ) . ing was broken up as most of those present followed him out. Then Mr. Gairdner said: 'Now we won't talk to one another. You go away and get God's guidance without Imagine his astonishment when, after this rude talking to any human being, and I shall stay here and behavior, Douglas Thornton came and invited him pray for you.' to come every week! I went back to the Azhar (university mosque) and took Douglas Thornton and Temple Gairdner spent my daily ration of bread. Then I went to 'the lodgings, themselves for him during the months that fol- which I shared with several others. I took out my father's lowed. A typical touch was the gift of aNew letters and spread them before me. I took the Koran and Testament from Gairdner on condition that Mah- Injil (Gospel) and. I read them in turns. When the others came in, I was in a muse. They asked me to a party in another room. I said: "No! My thoughts are burdened tonight. Leave me." The two sides of the question kept surging in upon me. How could I face poverty, as I must, if I were a Christian? But how could I deny Christ?

Why not follow Christ secretly and outwardly comply? For a fully qualified sheikh of EI Azhar the But Thornton and Gairdner said that was only laughing at convert's usual problem of employment did not Christ. occur. Rather did it add lustre to the mission schools that their Arabic master was so qualified. At last I prayed exactly as a man does who is speaking For twenty-five years Sheikh Bulus has faithfully to his fellow. I said to Christ, as though He were at the taught both in the boys' and girls' schools in Cairo-a picturesque figure in his sheikh's robes other side of my bed: "Guide me Thou, 0 Christ, if Thou which he always wore. art Lord." It needed the endless patience and humility of It was night, and I slept after that. It seems to me as Gairdner to hold on to Sheikh Bulus during the if I saw in sleep the faces of Thornton and Gairdner and years of adjustment and struggle. The story is another that 1 knew was the face of Christ. one of ups and downs, of falls and conquests. It is, too, a record of faithful service and of loyalty Suddenly I awoke, hearing a voice say: "Mahmud, rise to Christ, a loyalty that never wavered. up, there is light for thee. Fear not." I thought my comrade, Sheikh Ahmad, had called to me, but he was sleep- His position in the Old Cairo Church strengthing. Then a man in white passed me and swished me ened, and perhaps it was the memory of the with his robe, saying again: 'Mahmud, rise up, there is "father" God gave him in Douglas Thornton that light for thee. Fear not.''' It happened a third time, and inspired his efforts to befriend converts. What- I was left trembling all over. At last 1 said: "0 Christ, ever the motive it is a fact that his was one of the Thou art my Lord." few Christian homes always open to converts, and there he and his wife (herself a convert) let it be My one thought was to meet Thornton and Gairdner. known that "our house is a home for converts." When I went to them, Gairdner said: "Now you who were Saul are Paul (Bulus)," and kissed my forehead. After- Always eager and impetuous he threw himself wards I learned they had taken no supper but had stayed heart and soul into the care and teaching of intill three o'clock praying for me-till about the time of quirers, especially when the student center was remy vision. opened in Cairo. No effort was too much-his heart and his home were always open to them. Loneliness came on me terribly on the night after my baptism. That is always a hard time, when all the calls of So well did Bulus like this work that he longed the old life sound in a man's ears and he has not yet rooted to give up teaching in school and to devote his himself in the new. I could not sleep that night. At whole time to evangelism. He was still a young eleven o'clock, Mr. Gairdner saw a light under my door man-only forty-six years of age-and had apparand called out: "Bulus!" "1 can't sleep," I said. He ently years of valuable service still to give when came in and saw me miserable and said: "I'll stay with he was taken ill and in five days (in June, 1931) you a little while." Then he began to read to me out of he had passed on to join those who had brought missionary papers about some boys in Uganda who had him into the fellowship of his Lord. suffered everything for Christ. He read in English and told me in Arabic what he read. I saw that others had -Church Missionary Outlook. left all for Christ. At twelve o'clock he said: "Now you had better sleep." The war was not over in my soul and I said: "1 can't." Then he said: "Very well, I have a proposal. You lie down on your bed and shut your eyes, and I will sit on this chair beside you and go on reading to you. 1 promise to stay with you till you sleep." At first 1 could not keep my eyes shut, but every time 1 opened them he put his hand gently over them until at last 1 slept.

Unexpected Testimony Professor Julian Huxley, describing a visit to East Africa, writes: Perhaps the most striking impression I take away from Kampala is of a service in the Church of Eng- land Cathedral. Five or six hundred natives; a choir of fifty who sang a Bach Chorale with great feeling; a sermon which I longed to understand by Ham Mukasa, one of the aristocracy of the native kingdom, a noble-faced old man who has twice been to England, and has written a book about his travels there.

One is reminded of Charles Darwin's visit to the Church Missionary Society station at Waimate. He wrote: The lesson of the missionary is the enchanter's wand. . . And to think that this was in the centre of cannibalism, murder and all atrocious crimes! . . . 1 took leave of the missionaries with thankfulness for their kind welcome, and with feeling of high respect for their gentlemanlike, useful and upright char- acters. It would be difficult to find a body of men better adapted for the high office which they fulfill.

It is a long stretch of time from 1835, when Charles Darwin wrote of the work of the Church Missionary Society in New Zealand, to 1930 when Professor Huxley writes of the work in Uganda. The work.in New Zealand is now in charge of a Maori Bishop. The work in Uganda is still the responsibility of the Church Missionary Society.

The Uganda story is one of heroic sacrifices and of wonderful results. When Bishop Chambers visited Uganda he was so impressed by what he saw there that he made it his prayer that Tanganyika would be transformed by the power of the Gospel as Uganda has been.

-Church Missionary Gleaner.

Ways of

Tested Methods for Incr~asing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO THE AUTUMN KEYNOTE shade beneath, to guide the of white, green, yellow or red.

Whatever increases receptiv- April folk. June had orange At the sounding of the luncheon ity for our missionary message is ,veIl worth cultivating, blossoms, July its patriotic fea- call, guests found their way to though not to the extent of lowering the tone of the mes- tures, November its turkey and whatever table bore the same sage. In any department of church activity, you will find ingathered grain, December its color decoration as themselves. your audience rising to the keynote of seasonal appropriate- tiny tree and bells, and so on The winter table centered on a ness. Home-coming functions, receptions for newcomers in the around the year. Everyone was Christmas tree, with pure white missionary organization, harvest home festivals and out- well 'introduced by the time the candles, tiny sleds on cotton door gatherings turned to missionary uses, the stressing of groups were assembled; but to snow, etc.; the spring table was fresh beginnings and advanced plans-these all fit into Septem- make doubly sure, the persoll exquisite in green, with beds ber and October, the latter being the month in which the who first located her natal of artificial daffodils, tulips and average missionary organization musters its 'forces for a headguarters had to welcome narcissus; the summer table new year's work. In this connection, the outline for a recep- the next, these two the next, was stunning with yellow tion to newcomers given in the May number of THE REVIEW and so on until an atmosphere candles and a patriotic centeradapts itself to autumnal use. of cordiality and good cheer piece, and the autumn table was Welcome Home Parties had been created. Then the the beauty spot of the room, A resume of this plan, given in THE REVIEW several years hostess announced that as' this with its red candles, bright ago, may prove timely. The hostess announced that all guests was the cook's day off, guests leaves of many shades, and a born in January were to assemble in a spot in the room which must prepare the repast. .THnu- Jack-o-Iantern center. they must find by its appropriateness, and so on through the ary had to cut the bread, A hostess in corresponding rest of the calendar. Then ensued a lively search for birth- February to make one sort of attire was seated at each table, month headquarters. January proved easily recognizable from sandwiches and March another, a blushing bride and groom a sheet of new resolutions and other decorations, hung in one June must concoct the cocoa, honoring the spring group. corner of the large room. February had an abundance of etc. After all were seated, the The missionary organization snow and ice, pictures of Lincoln, Washington, etc. On hostess tapped a bell and said, personified was the general a chandelier hung an umbrella with both overshoes and sun- "The sandwiches, please, April" hostess, her table having a – at which the Aprilites birthday cake centrally placed.

trooped off to serve that item- One or more jingle-gifted per- and thus the merry meal pro- sons were seated at each table gressed. Each group was re- to reel out rhymes reminiscent quired to evolve a limerick or of the organization's past, or jingle on the subject of its fraught with optimistic feJicita- birth-month, the most popular .tions for its future. The table being given a blue ribbon. It groups broke out from time to was then announced that the time in appropriate music- divisions would stand for the "Jingle Bells" at the winter year, and that the programs table, "0 Promise Me" in the would be presented accordingly, spring gathering, etc. After the January group giving the the cutting of the cake with its program in that month and so good wishes specific to the or- on. ganization, a talented speaker The Hyde Park Baptist set forth the goals and ideals Church, in Chicago, also had of the denomination for the its autumnal rally in the form opening year, and another well- of a birthday party. At the informed speaker followed ex- entrance the mystified guests ploiting the program of study were compelled to yield the and service planned for the so- secret of their natal day (not ciety. Earnest prayer foc'

the year!), each then having guidance and power to actuate pinned upon her a dainty favor the plans closed a meeting [495 ]

begun in merriment but ended a good hunt, on trees, bushes, that time we will start on a fall and winter cruise, visiting many countries in information, inspiration and decorations, etc., or on their indeep seriousness of purpose. door counterparts if the out- en route. We will touch at a number door function is not practicable. of ports and explore the country round about. Be on hand on Rally Autumn Parties Have guests work singly or in Day to help launch the boat. En- twos, giving a year's subscrip- closed is a round-trip ticket. Please One such missionary gather- tion to THE REVIEW to the per- fill in with your name and address ing, held in October, had deco- son having the nearest complete and bring it with you on Rally Day rations of chrysanthemums and list of questions and answers so that you can start on the cruise gaily colored leaves, its title with us. Arrangements have been being, "Autumn Gleanings." Red cardboard apples made in a given time. Summer or made for picking up new passengers covers for booklets inside of autumn music, with suitable re- who may wish to come aboard after freshments, will make this a which were pasted pictures of very attractive social-mission- the cruise has started. some definite missionaries or Our offering on Rally Day will be fields, with corresponding information clipped from THE for – – . We have set as our goal REVIEW and denominational pUblications, placed alongside. ary event to rally the new or the sum of $—. Please bring the These apples were presently opened and served successively uninterested. enclosed envelope with your offering by different young people read- An autumn Christmas tree ing and displaying the contents. and help us reach our goal. Walnuts with questions inside for the purpose of assembling were at the places at the ensu- gifts for some worker on a dis- This boat trip will not interfere ing luncheon. These had to be tant foreign field is a further "cracked" and answered. rallying function for the first with the regular work of our school; autumn meeting. A harvest home rally in Octo- each class will continue to have its ber was gaily decorated with The calendar plan is often fruits, flowers and grain of the instituted in September or Oc- regular lesson period. Many of our season and had its music of old tober, one person being apfolk songs furnished by a quar- teachers took special courses during tet in costume. The program pointed to represent the miscentered on "The Christian sionary year, nine or ten o~ers the summer better to fit them for their Home," with devotionals on the the months of missionary-prohome of Mary and Martha, and gram observance, each month work, and we have reason to hope that brief talks on the missionary's having four personified weeks, each week seven human days, our school will grow in numbers and a penny a day being the toll from each person. (Otherwise enthusiasm and in knowledge of, the each member of this human calendar is asked to earn and great Guide Book which we all are turn in a dollar for missionary benevolences. ) studying. The motto selected for the coming year is: Only out· best is good enough for Christ.

Let each one memorize it and live it.

Then Sunday School will be what our Divine Pilot would have it.

The program for Rally Day was built around the idea of an ocean trip, and to give atmos- phere to the voyage, the plat- form had been decorated to resemble a ship. The songs used were: . "Jesus, Saviour, home on the various fields in Pilot Me," "Let the Lower which the organization was in- RALLY DAY IN THE SUNDAY Lights Be Burning," etc. Paul's SCHOOL* shipwreck and rescue was the terested, as an opportunity and Scripture story; "Our Chart an object lesson among the non- Many missionary programs and Compass in Life" the sub- Christian natives. The improve- ject of a brief address by the ment in native homes after nowadays are built around the pastor. their inmates became Christian figure of a world tour or ocean was another fertile topic. A cruise. Here is one which is Announcement was made home mission dramatization calculated to give the Church that the missionary cruise was and a luncheon inclusive of School a fine start at its first starting and that China would parched corn and other au- autumn meeting. It was used be the first port of call, and tummiJ Indian features closed in the Concord Presbyterian that other countries would be School at Carrick, Pennsyl- visited during the winter. the meeting. A missionary garden party vania. Two weeks later, in the clos- Five days before Rally Day, ing exercises of the school the furnishes a good opening in the daughter of a missionary in fall, and may be used to famili- a letter similar to the one be- China gave a fine talk, illusarize guests with newly elected low was mailed to every mem- trated with curios, on the part officers at annual gatherings ber of the Church School: falling during the summer, Dear Friend; of China in which she had lived N ow that summer is over and vacanew plans by the denomination for a number of years. Several for the opening year, names of tion a thing of the past, we are look- weeks later, a pretended land- ing .forward with enthusiasm to the the new study books, etc. Type fall and winter work. As a member ing in India was made and a a considerable list of the de- of – – Sunday School you will, of native Hindu in a near-by uni- course, be interested in its plans for sired questions on slips of the coming months. versity gave a talk with profuse paper, their answers being on illustrations of curios. A young separate slips. Pin these suf- September 25th is Rally Day. At Egyptian from a theological ficiently far apart to necessitate seminary not far away effected • Copyright, The Duplex Envelope Company, Richmond, Va, Abridged.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

the fifteen-minute landing in Unrivaled in natural beauty 3. Public schools Egypt that had been previously Cosmopolitan Developing cooperation in Govannounced. And thus all dur- The Indian's place in it ing the winter the "landing fea- ernment schools tures" were used in the closing 2. The Indian's contribution to the 4. Religious education in Governassembly period. world ment schools OUTLINE STUDIES OF "IN- Trails along which the United 5. Mission schools and their influ- DIAN AMERICANS" States expanded ence By MRS. B. P. HEUENER Lure of the out-of-doors Aim-to make citizens "with the Foods Baptist,,,Missionary Education Heritage of beauty finger print of God" Se~etary for Illinois Devotionals: The Christian Student. Devotionals: Our Joint Heritage of These studies-greatly con- Religious Inspiration. Eph. 6: 8, 9; Provo 4:5; Romans 12:2; 2 Tim. densed on account of space limitations-were presented by Romans 8:14, 16, 17; 10:12. 2:15. Mrs. Heubner in the Normal Supplementary Suggestions: S1tpplementary Suggestions: Course on Home Missions, at Lake Geneva Interdenomina- Prepare list of Indian names in Name and locate Indian schools tional School of Missions last summer. Their aim was (1) your own or a neighboring of your denomination to provide a guide in the teach- state, with historical connec- Impersonations in dialog form er-training course of that tion where possible. school; (2) to furnish material One or more choice legends told. of students from government, for later mission study groups public and mission· schools, in local churches; (3) to serve Two menus incorporating as as the basis of programs in discussing relative advantages both senior and young people's many Indian foods as possible. groups. Room decorated with samples of and disadvantages of their re- Text: Indian Americans, by Indian art. spective schools Winifred Hulbert. Special assignments on such A day in a Government school- A uxiliary Helps: Meriam- themes as "The Place of Mu- may be impersonation of Hinman's "Facing the Future .sic in the Indians' Life"; in Indian Missions"; "The Moc- teacher casin Trail," by. Bruce Kin- phonograph records of such A day in a mission school ney; "Leaders' Manual," by music; readings of Indian Assigned talks on Bacone Col- Elizabeth Mann Clark; books of Indian legends, music and poems or translations; "Story lege or Santee Normal Trainpoetry; magazine articles as in- of Sacajawea," from "The dicated in the successive les- Bird Woman," by Schults. ing School, on education for sons. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW preservation of Indian culture OF THE WORLD, July-August, Topic for Discnssion: Should mission 1932. schools be continued?* Aim: (1) To secure a knowl- CH!PTER II-E PLURIBUS UNUM CHAPTER IV-FACING 14 COMPETITIVE edge of present conditions among American Indians; (2) A.im: To realize the adjustments to WORLD to recognize and assume the responsibility of every Christian American life necessary to be made Aim: To understand the Indian's individual toward these Indians. by Indians. problems of adjustment to the pre- Keynote: "In the America Topics: that was ours before it was vailing civilization; to recognize yours, we desire to take our 1. Changing attitudes place in the ranks of Christian and assume the Christian's opporcitizenship." (From address of 2. The Indian no relic of the past tunity to help in solving them. Indians to President Coolidge Growing race versus tribal con- Topics: at Pine Ridge Agency, August 17, 1927.) sciousness 1. Looking for a job CHAPTER I-A HOMELAND SHARED 3. Out of many tribes, one race In Indian service; in white Aim of Session: To recognize our cul- 4. Out of many races, one nation world; on reservation tural and spiritual as well as our material heritage from the Indians. 5. Old ways and new days 2. From Stone Age to Machine Age Aim of adjustments-to produce at a step Topics: 1. The land which the Indians highest type of citizen E con 0 m i c adjustments-ex- shared Means-Government, mlSSIOns, change, citizenship obliga- touch of average white life tions, occupations open Devotionals: International Citizen- Social adjustments – initiative ship. Book of Ruth. lacking; prejudice to be over- Supplementary Suggestions: come; problems in city life; Map drill locating tribes service of Y.M.C.A. and In- Spell-down on tribal names dian Office Game of jumbled tribal names 3. The Church's opportunity Story of "The Trail of Tears" Devo tionals: In the world but not of Study of distinctive and com- it. John 17:8-17. mon tribal customs Supplementa1'y Suggestions: Roll call of pioneer missionaries 1. Roll call of Indians known in to Indians '. history Question for Discussion: How far 2. Talk, "Citizenship privileges of will intermarriage with whites aid Indians" in adjustment to American civiliza- 3. "The White Man's Book of tion? Heaven" speech (in play, "Two Thousand Miles for a CHAPTER III-TOOLS FOR THE FUTURE Book" and in Indian Office Aim: To discover the strong features Bulletin for 1928; No.8) in every type of school. To face the 4. Survey of your city or locality problems involved in making citi- to discover number of In- zens "with the finger print of God." dians, their living accommoda- Topics: tions, social and recreational 1. Education and student problems advantages and church affilia- Learning a trade tions Financing a higher education Discussion Topic: If you lived in a Winning a place in the modern . section where there were Indians world and had positions to offer, to which 2. Government schools today would you give preference-Indians Aim-to educate to make a liv- * (See Indian Office Bulletins of Education ing and to become citizens Division; ah::,o Prof"feSsi'L'e Educatim, Feb, Recent improvements 1[132.)

or whites? How can we touch the Devotionals: God the Creator and The next meeting is desig- lives of some Indian young people? Guiding Spirit. Mal. 2: 10, Rev. nated "A Look Around"-' "Look not every man to his CHAPTER V-AT HOME IN THE INDIAN 4:11; Is. 58:11; Ps. 37:5. own things but also to the Supplementary Suggestions: things of others." Migrant COUNTRY work in the homeland is to be 1. Map locating the missions of considered. Aim: To see the Indian student in your denomination. his home environment; to discover "Look unto Him," with a means of making the home envir- 2. Roll call-name, location and home-coming address by the onment safe and progressive toward type of service of a mission- pastor, is the theme of the third "the abundant life." ary to Indians, in your de- nomination. mabneeidentgi,nwg"e,TreihtesyliSglcohrotiekpnetedudr.e'-~,k-.e, yT"n'hTo!etn.e. Topics: 1. The student back among his peo- 3. Comparison of health safeguards comes "A Look Across the Sea" ple in average American and av- -"Go ye therefore and teach 2. Home viewpoints erage Indian communities. all nations." This will give op- 3. Constructive plans for the fu- portunity for a review of the ture 4. Impersonation of Steve Quones- study book on China, which is Legal protection tiwa. (See "Moccasin Trail," to be studied in all the circles Improved reservation system Chapter 9.) of the organization. Removal of evil white influence (See Home Mission Congress state- "Look and Praise"-"Let us Devotionals: Newness of Life. Eph. ment, Congress Report.) offer the sacrifices of praise to 4:21-24. God continually," will be the GENERAL PROJECTS FOR THE COURSE theme for the November meet- Supple7nentary Suggestions: ing, which will feature a pag- 1. Discussion topics: That Indians 1. Comparison of Indian proverbs eant and praise gifts. . should be encouraged to per- form at rodeos, at fairs and and teachings with similar Scrip- "A Look Inward"-"Examine for tourists. How can the In- yourselves"-heralds a mission- dian's heritage of culture be tural references. ary magazine presentation. made significant to him? What contribution can Christian 2. Study of Indian legends for simi- "A Look Up," on the keynote missions make toward the of Luke 21 :28, is in celebra- wise use of enforced or nat- larity in Old Testament stories. tion of the World's Day of ural leisure? Prayer. 2. Debate: Resolved, That the Res- 3. Detailed sketch of work of one of ervation System Should Be "Look to Thy Neighbor," Abolished. your own missions. Matt. 19 :19, agam will afford 3. Assignments: The desirable and opportunity for a review on the undesirable aspects of tri- 4. Prepare a play for public presen- Indian study book. bal holidays or ceremonial trips. How be adapted to tation (see Elizabeth Mann Clark's "Look to the Harvest," Matt. good purposes? Class member 9 :37, with a survey of world investigate and report what Leaders' Manual and denomina- mission fields, will close this measures relative to the In- dians are before Congress. tional catalogues for names of unique series. Write your congressmen, in- plays). .• dividually or in a group. Where We Place the Emphasis Consult the Indian Rights As- 5. Secure local or missionary speaker sociation, 995 Drexel Build- of authority to address church. Each year $750,000,000 is ing, Philadelphia. spent for cosmetics, perfumes 6. Stereopticon lectures on Indian life (See "Literary Digest," Aug. 3, 1929 and creams. -"The Plight of the Educated In- and missions. $350,000,000 for soft drinks. dian." $300,000,000 for beautiful 7. Prepare an "Indian Night" for Also "Atlantic Monthly," Dec., 1929- furs. "Yours Lovingly" whole church at close of study. $500,000,000 for jewels. Nov., 1931-"Two Insurgents" See Clark's Manual for instruc- $800,000,000 for cigarettes. tions. Readings from "Kiowa," by $250,000,000 for ice cream CHAPTER VI-AN INDIAN ApPROACH Isabel Crawford. 8. Public Debates. and cakes. TO GOD $100,000,000 for candies. 9. Carryon correspondence with mis- $200,000,000 for chewing gum. A itn: To face the problems and as- And from each dollar people sume the responsibility involved sionary in your own denomination. in cooperating with the Indians in have, 75 per cent of a cent goes developing a truly Christian envir- Note: "Topics" in the foregoing for the Lord's work. onment. outlines may become the basis for talks, impersonations, dramatizations, "Less than a cent, 0 keepers of gold, Topics: With houses and lands and riches un- news items, "Living Magazines" or told; 1. Truths from Indians' past; sim- "Newspapers Come to Life" (cover- Less than a cent-it cannot be ilarities to Christians' truths. ing subject matter) or any other rep- That is the way you divided with me." 2. The Indian and the Christian '. utable means of popularizing the ma- Church. terial. Dominant problems-securing an education; deep, practical SOME POINTERS FOR PRO- religious belief; health stand- GRAM MAKERS ards; self-respecting economic standards; wholesome and The First Baptist Church of sufficient recreational activi- Wichita, Kansas, has worked ties; appreciation of citizen- out its year's programs from ship and opportunity to prac- the keyword "Look," using the tise it; training of Christian Scripture theme, "Eyes they leaders. have, but see not." (Query; 3. Through brotherhood to God- Should this not be balanced Indian contribution. with a positive passage instead of resting upon a negative?) The first meeting is entitled, "A Look Forward," this being an introduction to the new offi- cers and a preview of the year's endeavor. Its motif 'is, "No man, having put his hand to the plow and looking back, is fit for the Kingdom of Heaven." The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEES HOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK WITH THE PEA PICKERS crop is one of the earliest crops Contract labor is used in By EVA BARNES, R. N. of the spring, many come from peas. A man, usually a Mexi- the cotton fields to pick and, as can or Porto Rican, will con- a result, there were about tract with the grower to pkk "Oh, I know her; she's our thirty families whom I knew in his peas. He brings in the peonurse we had while we were in the cotton and about fifteen pIe and pays them and he is cotton," and dark eyes sparkled others who had lived in cotton the "boss." Many contractors in friendly recognition as the camps in the San Joaquin Val- agree to pick peas for several well-known "Chevy" stopped ley, outside of the district in of the growers. This system before a row of twenty or which I had worked. The peo- makes it more difficult to bring twenty-five rather dilapidated pIe were surprised and very the work to the attention of the looking tents pitched on the much 'pleased to find that the grower. The growers with bank 6f a wide ravine down nurse had come to peas also. whom contact was made were which trickled a little stream This gave a certain continuity pleased with what was being of water. While the other chil- to the work started in the fall. done. Another disadvantage is dren looked at the stranger In visiting camps, it was most that the grower feels no rerather curiously and with not a interesting to find friends and sponsibility -for the people who little suspicion, Margarita, who to be welcomed by a friendly he feels belong entirely to the had migrated with her family smile and word of recognition. contractor. The latter feels that in a rickety Ford car some 175 In only one section of a camp he must make as much as posmiles from cotton to peas, were there no familiar faces sible from the people and he jumped upon the running board found. Here a large number of is not so interested in their of the car and exclaimed joy- gypsies of Roumanian-Serbian well-being. This is particularly fully, "We didn't think you'd descent had settled for the crop true this year when everyone come to peas, too, but we're season. To me they were very is trying to "get by" with the sure glad to see you .for my interesting as it was the first least possible expenditure. little brother, Juanito, the one time I had met them. They As the season lasts from four that had the awful burn and were quite distinct from their to six weeks, the camps are you took care of him 'til it was Mexican neighbors in the same only temporary, the people all well, he's got hiedra (poison camp; their brightly colored, bringing their own tents. The oak) and his face all swell up. usually of flowered material, camp site is selected in a level Look, Nurse, it all down by the full, long skirts and consider- space or along a ravine under creek where we go to get water able jewelry served to dif- the trees. The latter location and wood," and she pointed ferentiate thern at a, glance. is cooler and pleasanter, but down into the wide and shady They did not appear to be as poison oak is' found in abunravine where ten or twelve destitute as the Mexican mi- dance. Margarita's brother was other tents were pitched. grants. Their tents were larger not the only one whose "face Due to the fact that only two and made of more durable ma- was all swell up." Some had of the canneries of the Sacra- terial and they had beds and it more, some less. Many were mento Delta District opened the very elaborate bedspreads. The the calls for medicine to soothe early part of April, it was pos- gypsies also had better care. the itching and burning. _sible this spring to open a new They had come from various Many times an extra "room" work in Washington Township parts of California. Most of was built onto the tent from in Southern Alameda County, the adults were American-born. cartons, corrugated tin, old California. This region, which Their native language was pieces of lumber, etc. In some is but a short distance from the Roumanian although they did instances families lived in old San Francisco East Bay Dis- speak English fairly well. At barns which had been made trict, is becoming an increas- first they were inclined to look fairly habitable. It was rather ingly important center for the with a little suspicion on the interesting to find that the pea industry. Here many hun- nurse but when they found she better and more thrifty Mexidreds of acres of hills and low- was their friend and had come . can families who had come lands are planted with peas to help them, they were most from the cotton camps, where which are picked by means of cordial and always ready to they were accustomed to houses, migratory labor. As the pea welcome her. did manage to make enough or [499 ] had saved a little to enable time; my sister catch cold and ing in the peas is a real probthem to rent a house or build- she been very sick in the throat lem. ing which had formerly been since then," the older brother used for a barn or garage, but explained. They had been un- Wages for picking peas have which was better than a tent. able to take her to the doctor decreased greatly in the last For this they paid from five to as they had just arrived that few years .as in other seasonal ten dollars a month. Others paid day and had no money. crops. In some sections in 1930 one dollar a month for the the pickers received one dollar privilege of putting their tent Instructions were left to for a hamper which holds about in the back yard of some pri- make the little sufferer more thirty-two pounds. In 1931 they vate residence. In the regular comfortable and in a few days received thirty-five cents and camps no charge was made. All the swelling subsided and she this year only twenty cents, a camps were inspected by the was much better. few contractors paying only Housing and Immigration Com- eighteen cents. Even at that, mission and the contractors "You bring us more 'papeIi- a fairly good picker could make were forced to make the tos' (little papers) 7" a group from seventy-five cents to one camp conform with state of boys and girls asked conregulations. dollar a day and the com- "LITTLE MOTHERS" bined earnings of the fam- In the section there DOING THE I~AMILY WASHING ily were more than in cotwere about 1,200 people. The majority of these stantly. As some primary Sun- ton. As the work was were Mexicans, but there day school papers were given steady until just about the were a good many Porto out, they were seized eagerly close of the season when Ricans and a few white while one boy assured us they did not pick some American and R u s s ian proudly, "I can read; I in the days at all or for only a fa mil i e s. Eight large high fourth." The papers with few hours, there was not camps were visited regu- brightly colored pictures were the actual destitution and larly and five smaller ones carefully reserved for the sick privation there was in the occasionally, as well as children or for those who had cotton. This was due in many transient families to be "cured" in some way. great part to the weather. living in Decoto. Three Very few of the children went As long as there was hundred and one health and to school. As the season was steady work, they got forty-one other calls were made short, the schools did not want along fairly well and had throughout the season; one hun- them particularly for they dred and thirty-four patients hardly got started when they enough for necessities but little were treated and thirty-eight were gone. Most of the camps for extras. Several told me the were advised. Minor illnesses were about two and one-half children had no shoes and could such as sore throats, sore eyes, miles from the school and in not go to school. There were a colds, toothaches, swollen and in- this state no child can be forced few calls for clothes. flamed glands, intestinal dis- to go to school more than two orders, boils, poison oak and miles if transportation is not As the peas are early in this minor injuries such as cuts and provided. None of the schools section, many of the people miburns, were found and cared for. provided transportation. I fear grate from here to the coast in Skin diseases such as impetigo, that in some of the camps the the vicinity of Half Moon Bay scabies and ring worm, were contractor 'placed his 'camp just and also farther south where prevalent but cleared up under beyond the two-mile limit so he there are late peas. While only proper treatment. There were would not have to send the chil- a small beginning was made in a few cases of pneumonia. dren to school. The atten- this region this year, contact Mothers were advised as to diet dance officer said the children was made with several interfor babies, and pre-natal advice would not be allowed to pick ested groups in nearby cities and literature were given ex- during school hours, but this which will help put the work on pectant mothers. The work was rule was not adhered to. School- a more permanent footing in appreciated by the people and the future and will help to open in practically all cases they gave up new avenues of service in good cooperation. this community. Several friends from Oakland were taken to In one camp a girl was found the camps and their interest was greatly stimulated. There with a bath towel wrapped was fine cooperation between local health centers and local around her neck. She could doctors. Many new friends were scarcely speak due to a severe made and old friends found. and case of tonsilitis. "While we in practically every camp there were coming over the moun- were those whose faces lighted tains, our car break down; it up with pleasure when they was very cold in the night found "La Nurse" had followed them to peas.

W orld·'wide

~,,~~A ~ Miss~ iona~ ry N~ ewsp~ ape~ r of ~ Curr~ ent E~ ven~ ts ~~~ JAPAN-CHOSEN The steady spiritual progress Again have I become the child of an .aching heart Newspaper Evangelism among her people has not re- Four years ago there were six ceived so much attention. Dr. Carrying the burden of Japan's D. C. Holtom, a Baptist mis- crime, centers of newspaper evangel- sionary, reports from Tokyo: Begging pardon of China and of the world ism in Japan; at present there "In the presence of distress at With a shattered soul,- are thirty. Last year more than home, and abroad, the Christian Again am I .a child of sadness.

10,000 men and women, having Church has preserved a steady- Korea Keeps in Step seen the articles or advertise- ing and constructive attitude. There are some 2,600 Presbyments, wrote to inquire more In the face of the stimulation terian congregations in Korea, about Christianity. They came of the military ideal through with 160,000 or more believers. from every prefecture and col- the repercussion on the national ony in the Japanese Empire, mind -of events in Manchuria Since January reports tell of and also from China, Borneo, and Shanghai, the church has churches doubling their memand the South Seas. Many have found opportunity to uphold been baptized and are now as- with a new boldness the idea bership, new groups started, new buildings erected, an excel- lent spirit everywhere, all partsociated with a Christian con- of peace. It has been driven ly the result of the Forward gregation. There are 500 mem- by the financial urge to find Movement initiated last fall. bers of the New Life Society in new and greater resources of The Sunday School Associadirect touch by correspondence the Spirit. The 'Kingdom of with the Tokyo office. Many God Movement,' has brought tion of Korea conducts a Bible the forces of the Gospel aginteresting letters are continual- gressively into contact with Correspondence Course and ly received, telling of changed over 4,000 people have p.aid the equivalent of a day's wages for lives, and the joy of Christian hundreds of thousands of men the New Testament booklet and experience. and women throughout the questions, or two days' wages Helping Japan's Farmers land. It has undertaken a for the Old Testament. Two strong program of training lay hundred and sixty-nine men at- Five years ago Kagawa's first leaders; of re-directing the in- tended the six weeks' Bible In- "Japan Far mer's Gospel ner life through national evan- stitute in Pyengyang, all at gelistic campaigns; of bringing School" was opened. Two hun- both material and spiritual re- their own expense. Women who lief to the hard-pressed rural attend the ten-day Bible classes dred such schools are now be- communities through the pro- walk an average of ten to thirty ing held. The daily program motion of Peasant Gospel miles, some farther. They eat Schools; and of deepening the and sleep all those days in acute begins with flag-raising, to the spiritual life among the Chris- discomfort, but they take back strains of the Kimigayo, fol- into the life of their little counlowed by a hymn and prayer, breakfast dishes, a Bible lecture, and then the demonstra- tian groups themselves through try villages the thrill of the tions of agricultural experts. an intelligent program of Chris- great assembly. Heart to heart talks .on the tian education. In the total na- A magazine, Woman's Opin- tional life of Japan the leader- Christian life have resulted in ship of the Christian Church ion, proves that Korea is no some decisions. One of the stu- has never been more vigorous longer only a man's country. dents wrote: "I am joyfully re- than during the past year." membering and putting in prac- -The Presbyterian. tice what I learned at the – Watchman-Examiner. school. In the evening father, ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC mother, and I sit in the warmth Kagawa's Poem on Japan's of the quilts over the brazier, Attack on China Gains in Malaya The Malaya Annual Confer- and I retell to them what I Toyohiko Kagawa wrote a ence of the Methodist Episcopal heard at the school and wrote poem entitled, "Child of an Church reported last year a net down in my notebook." Aching Heart," at the time of gain of membership of 15.7 per -Congreg(ttionaHst. the Sino-Japanese incident in cent. In the Philippine Islands, Signs of Spiritual Progress Shanghai. The poem was in-' with a decreased missionary ap- cluded in a "Peace Bulletin of propriation and a very small Japan's military adventures the Friends of Jesus" and wide- missionary staff, the reports re- have had much recent publicity. ly distributed: veal a net gain of 5,270 mem- [501 ]

bers. This brings the total sembly room, which seats 600 crisis, to be held in the Chicago members for the Singapore people, is rearranged for Sun- Temple auditorium November Area to 86,000. All the eight day, and a dignified service is 29 to December 2, 1932. This Districts are now led by Fili- made possible. Students and conference will discuss such pino pastors who have rendered faculty have contributed over topics as, The Challenge of the twenty years of constructive $5,000 toward the church of City, The Church in a Democservice. their dreams. racy, The Fight for Righteous- ness and The Church and Co- A Pastor's Courage -Women and Missions. operative Life. Speakers will include Jane Addams, Prof. Ar- The pastor of a large Meth- On the Island of Bali thur E. Holt, Rev. H. P. Dougodist Church on Mindanao, self- lass and Rev. Douglas Thornsupporting for a year, reveals No Christian missions have ton. Each day sessions will be the difficulties and blessings of been permitted on Bali, but devoted to group discussions. the present situation. about a year ago the Dutch This will not solve the city's government granted permission problem. A campaign of pray- For the month of October we have for a resident Chinese mission- er and evangelism is needed received less than $5, although the ary to preach to his own people for the regeneration of the men, spirit of the members to give is still on the island. Some have now women and children of the city. the same, or in some cases still more accepted Christ, among them strong. The amount of their gifts is two young men whose fathers Church Growth gradually decreasing because of the were Chinese and whose mothfinancial crisis. I commit all to the ers were Balinese. These young Statistics for all Churches, mercy and goodness of a loving Fath- men have witnessed to their gathered and published by the er, who is ever present in time of Balinese friends and relatives Christian Herald, gives the totrouble. Personally, I can stand this and ,a considerable number of tal Church membership for adverse situation, but my wife and pure Balinese country folk be- every decade since 1800. This children cannot stand it. There are came deeply interested in the membership has grown more trying moments when the children are Gospel, turned their backs upon rapidly than the population. In sick and we have no money for medi- their age-long belief in Hindu- 1800 reported membership was cine. All we could do in such a time ism, threw down their idols, only 6.5 per cent of the popuwas to pray and our children got well. and declared themselves believ- lation; this ratio in 1860 had The saving grace of Jesus has become ers on Jesus Christ. Twenty- reached 16.6 per cent, and toa living reality to us in our sorest six men and women who have day it stands at 40.1 per cent. need. After all, there are spiritual thus taken their stand have This does not include children lessons to learn in a seemingly trying been baptized. They are among below the age of Church memtemporal situation-to develop one's probably the first of this race bership,. except in the case of faith in God and to teach one to de- to accept Jesus as their saviour. the Roman Catholics, who estipend on God only. Many more are earnest seekers mate the entire Catholic popu- after the truth, possibly one lation. Near half of the Amer- -Missionary Herald. hundred inquirers. The work ican people are professing is spreading from village to Christians. The total gain in Silliman Student Conversions village, and notwithstanding Church membership last year very considerable opposition on was 433,656, apportioned among More than 2,500 have found the part of local Balinese coun- the principal denominations as Christ in Silliman Institute and try officials, these Christians follows: Baptists, 139,526; Luhave dedicated their lives to are becoming more established therans, 49,931; Methodists, Him. They are scattered over and are witnessing wherever 46,225; Presbyterian, 16,676 ; the Islands and in other lands. they go. Roman· Catholics, 15,243. The Thirty-one are in the ministry; Disciples of Christ showed a twenty-three are preparing for -The Pioneer. loss of 4,477, ,and the Congreit. Besides the twenty teaching gationalists of 736. in Silliman, sixteen are teach- NORTH AMERICA ing in other schools where the A Call for Prayer Bible is taught. Two are phy- A City ~hurch Conference sicians and five are nurses in A seri.es of meetings held in mission hospitals; five are in The modern city is the center Philadelphia a few months ago the service of the Y. M. C. A. of vice and lawlessness; it is to consider the great need for Usually the year begins with a also the place of great need and a spiritual revival resulted in third of the 900 students al- of great religious activity. The the adoption of the following ready evangelical Christians committee on the City and New "Call to Prayer" : and ends with about half the Americans of the Home Misstudent body as church mem- sions Council and the Council Great evils have come upon us bebers. of Women for Home Missions cause we have forgotten God. . is arranging for an interdenom- For thirty years Silliman has inational conference on the city Evil times are upon us, but it may had no church building-a seri- and the church in the present please God to send revival, since He ous handicap, for it is difficult says, "If my people which are called to create a worshipful atmosphere on Sunday morning in a room where everything suggests the secular associations of the week. To offset this the as-

OUR WORLD-WIDE,9UTLOOK

by My name shall humble themselves, day school to set apart some Japanese Woman's Home and p,ray and seek My face, and turn of the farm land, or certain In and around Seattle there from their wicked way: then will I farm animals, and at the har- are about 8,000 Japanese, of hear from Heaven, and will forgive vest season sell the produce or whom more than 1,000 are their sin and heal their land" (2 the animals and give the pro- Christians, and 400 are mem- ceeds to the church. Those who bers of the Baptist Church. The Chron.7:14). have been in the plan state that Japanese Woman's Home, the There is a bankruptcy of hum,an it has three outstanding results: oldest Christian center in this first, that contributions have area, has three departments : leadership in all fields. The situation been increasing; second, that it church, kindergarten and womin the world is desperate and beyond provides training in stewardthe control of men. It may grow worse ship; third, that there are val- an's home. rapidly unless there is supernatural uable spiritual results – that Bible reading and hymn sing- people acquire new attitudes tointervention. ward. the earth and are striving ing is carried on in Japanese The supreme need of the hour is a more zealously to make it holy. homes, with Japanest men and women as co-workers, testifyg?-"eat spiritual awakening like the re- -Watchman-Examiner. ing, praying, and doing acts of vlVal under the Wesleys in the Eight- kindness for Christ's sake with McBeth Mission Closes the joy of service shining in eenth century which saved England from the horrors of the French Revo- their faces. lution. Such movements have ,always been prepared by a widespread force of prayer, as in the thousands of prayer groups that were formed in Wesley's time.

We therefore earnestly appeal to Christians everywhere to forsake their sins and to return to the sim- Mis,S Mary Margaret Craw- Western Canada's Children plicity of Bible faith. We appeal to Christians individually to pr,ay more ford, known to her friends as Over 8,000 children are enearnestly for revival within the rolled in the Bible Memory Con- Church, and to form prayer groups "Miss Maizie," after 33 years test operated in four provinces for united intercession. in rural Western Canada by the on the field in McBeth Mission Canadian Sunday School Mis- We suggest the following to meet for Nez Per~e Indians at Lap- sion of Winnipeg. In one place the nearest church is 135 miles the special needs of the various classes wai, Idaho, has retired. As the away. This mission has over a of each community: hundred Sunday schools in ru- whole faculty of a theological ral communities where a few 1. Groups of women, meeting in years ago there were none. Last one and another's homes, daily or seminary for Nez Per~es, summer they held 76 summer weekly, at some convenient hour dur- Makahs, and Spokanes, Miss schools of two-week periods where many children accepted ing the day. Crawford has borne the respon- Christ as their Saviour. Boys 2. Cottage prayer meetings in sibility of training Indian ap- and girls who have memorized homes in the evening to be held each Scripture in the contests for week. plicants for the ministry since two years are eligible for a 1915, when her aunt, Miss Kate Bible Correspondence Course of 3. Weekly prayer meetings for 52 lessons, with questions to be McBeth, died and left the answered and returned for coryoung people. rection. Radio evangelism each Sunday from November to 4. Daily or weekly pr,ayer meetings unique work in her niece's April is another ministry of for business men at the noon-hour in the center of the city. hands. In addition to this she the mission. Also, summer carried on a many-sided com- camps for children and ~or ru- 5. Prayer group,s of ministers and ral school teachers. A total of church officers on Saturday night; and munity program which included 80 workers were engaged last of ministers with each other. year, most of them volunteers. religious work in the govern- Christians are asked to pray ment tuberculosis sanitorium, and work for the formation of courses in domestic arts and thousands of small groups, not sciences and music, and instrucwaiting to be invited, but tak- tion of Indian communities in ing the initiative. When the , politics and citizenship. spiritual movement comes then McBeth mission, including the spiritual, social and finan- the seminary for the training cial distress of our day will be of Nez Per~e, Makah and Spokhealed. . ane Indians, will be closed this Send the name and address of one member summer. This action was takof a prayer group to the Great Commission en by the Board of National Prayer League, 808 North LaSalle Street, Chi- Missions of the Presbyterian cago.

Lord's Acre Movement Church in the belief that the LATIN AMERICA Nez Per<;e Indians have out- Seventy churches, represent- grown "the milk of the Gos- Cause for Optimism ing seven religious bodies in pel," as Paul puts it, and as western North Carolina, are co- Christians are ready for as- The Rev. G. A. Riggs writes operating this year in' the sum p t ion of .responsibilities in a recent Watchman-Exam- "Lord's Acre Movement." The that are at once the obligation iner: plan, originated several years and the privilege of maturity. Baptist work in Puerto Rico conago by the Baptists of Georgia, The six Nez Per~e churches" tinues to prosper. In spite of the crowded condition of our buildings, is being promoted by the Farm- under Board of National Mis- our Sunday schools not only hold their sions are pastored by six fine attendance, but increase. For more ers Federation. The churches Indian ministers, trained in the than a month the average attendance cooperating asked each member seminary. of the church and of the Sun- of the Rio Piedras Sunday school has

been well ahove 500; with about as Evangelical Influence is pioneering among Indians in many more in Barrio Sunday school, the Beni region and preaching for which this church is responsible. Of the twenty republics con- and distributing the Scriptures In most of our churches there is op- stituting what is known as Lat- throughout Bolivia. The Irish timism and enthusiasm in spite of the in America, not one is without Baptist Foreign Mission workpinch of poverty and reduced pay- evangelical schools. In most ing at Rosario, a city of half a ments on pastors' salaries. Enforced cases, their students have come million people in the Argentine, lowered appropriations fr.om the Home from social strata not reached has planted six vi go r 0 u s Mission Society has left six of our by the evangelistic arm of the churches. Fifty were recently smaller churches pastorless, but in all missions, but they have been a baptized. The mission is piobut one case the work goes forward. silent, persistent force for neering into Southern Peru, righteousness, the Bible and its where the scattered people can Progressive Women teachings have been exalted in only be reached by continual the lives of their Christian evangelism. The Inland South Puerto Rican women are im- teachers, and untold thousands America Missionary Union is porta}:,!. .factors in the religious of young men and women have reaching Indians and others by life of<t~ 1::. island. Although learned of Christ and have tried means of a launch in Iquitos they lead~ery busy lives they to follow him in their own lives. district, Peru, also the Bororo find time to visit the sick and Indians, Brazil, and those at needy, to carry to them spirit- A testimonial to Mackenzie San Roque, Argentine. The Salual comfort, cheer and practical College in Sao Paulo, Brazil, vation Army has decided to help, as funds permit. A proj- written by a Latin American, send a mission to work among ect now in process of develop- might well be said of other the ticket-of-leave men at the ment by the women is that of evangelical schools: French convict settlements in doing something to give to the French Guiana, Ile Royale, Ile needy aged in Puerto Rico their A great change has c.ome over us St. Joseph and Devil's Island. proper place and care. In some in Sao Paulo. We have found that 4,000 convicts are here engaged places school children are to be religious thought is perfectly com- in hard labor in lumber camps. asked to each give one penny patible with scientific thought. You The Union Seminanr at Buenos for starting a fund, which may people at Mackenzie do not parade Aires, the Training Center at lead to the establishment of a your religion, but you have it, .and Azul, Argentine-in the joint home for these unfortunates. make it felt, and stand for it on any interests of the Evangelical suitable occasion; and you are doing Union of South America, and Temperance programs have the best scientific training that is be- the Christian and Missionary formed another part of the ing done in Brazil today. Weare Alliance of America-and the women's responsibility, and a convinced that incompatibility of sci- Training College of the Latin civic organization known as entific thought is with a certain type American Evangelization Cam- Mujeres Votantes (V 0 tin g of religious thought, and not neces- paign in Costa Rica, are doing Women) is doing much to pre- sarily with Christianity. You can this work of training. pare women for their coming safely say to any intelligent audience responsibility of suffrage by in Sao Paulo today that God the Creholding night schools to reduce ator is the Governor from whom, by the illiteracy which debars whom and to whom all things pertain, Puerto Rican women from vot- without exciting a sneer on the part ing.-Women and Missions. of the thoughtful men.

Adverse Situation in Mexico -Presbyterian Banner.

Mexico's measures to curb re- Cooperation in Latin America EUROPE ligious bigotry are becoming more drastic. While not direct- Coordination of evangelical British Methodist Union ed against Protestant missions, these .are suffering the conse- forces in Latin America in or-. The Wesleyan Methodists, the quences of the struggle. No der to evangelize untouched re- Primitive Methodists and the Bible study may now be con- gions is being promoted by the United Methodists, the three ducted in school, no minister, Latin American Fellowship. A largest bodies of the Methodist either Mexican or American, conference representing work in name in Great Britain, have may teach any religious subject, Spain and Portugal, and its re- formed a plan of union to go and not even grace may be lated activities in Latin Amer- into effect on September 20. asked at meals. According to ica, will contribute to the gen- Representatives of the three the Mexican Constitution all er:al scheme of coordination. bodies will meet in Albert Hall real estate owned by any relig- The Evangelical Union of South and declare the three churches ious organization becomes at America is seeking to put all its to be one, the terms and condionce the property of the government. A new law in Mexico work on an indigenous basis, tions of the union having al- City and its vicinity prohibits anyone from preaching in and pioneer efforts in Argen- ready been approved by the remore than one locality. -Record of Christian Work. tine and in the Sao Francisco spective Conferences. The united Valley in Brazil will apply and church will be the largest Non- develop these principles. Re- conformist communion in Great markable meetings and many Britain.

conversions followed weeks of On doctrinal standards, no special prayer at Sao Paulo, change is admitted, but the Act Brazil. of Parliament under which the The Bolivian Indian Mission union is authorized empowers

OUR WORLD-WID~..oUTLOOK

the new church to change its A mer i can Congregational their pastors. Beggars are co.nstitution to meet changing churches and missio.n stations, tramping from village to vil- conditions, sho.uld that be neces- and in Bulgaria forty churches lage. Along the Volga the cases sary. There is every indication and mission stations with a to.- of death by starvation increase.

that the union will be affected tal membership of 5,000, and Men, who are compelled to de- witho.ut the loss o.f a single 3,000 children in the Sunday vour the carcasses of fallen ani- church or minister. schools. A revival of these mals, have nothing to offer pas- The German National Church churches would bless 650,000 tors. Moslems in Bulgaria. In Al- There is also a dearth of The German Evangelical Lu- bania, Kortcha is of prime imtheran Church, with its 40,000,- houses. Pastors are compelled 000 members, is the largest portance, where the American to ask for shelter of any colsingle Pro.testant church gro.up. onist who. will grant it. Most Thro.ugh -all the succeeding po.- Mission is at work. An evanlitical and so.cial upheavals it gelical revival here, in view of men are afraid of ' .lg exhas remained substantially in- the present impressionable con- cluded from the Cok. ~~IVe or o.f tact. Furthermo.re, by forming sharing the fate of the exiled an "Evangelical Church Feder- ditio.n of Albania, would reach kulaks. In many instances a ation" it is endowed with more than half a million Mos- pastor must leave in order to avoid bringing further persecu- lems-half the entire popula- tion. In northern Albania there tion upon those who have be- are 169,000 Greek Orthodox strengthened resistance to anti- Christians and in the south friended him. religio.us currents, of which 118,000 Roman Catholics, but there has been no. lack. Most they have no evangelizing initia- Evangelical Conference in Spain dangerous and comprehensive is tive. Friendly relations be- Convened by the Evangelical at present the mo.vement of the tween Turkey and Greece are Spanish Alliance, the Confer- Go.dless which hand in hand drawing together Serbs, Bul- ence of Evangelical Churches with socialistic communism is garians and Rumanians. being pro.mulgated by Russia in took place in Madrid from May every po.ssible way. In the face 3 to 4. This conference was of this, tbe Go.spel is making itself felt. Home Missions, with Church News from Russia composed of representatives of their hundreds of ho.spitals, the According to the Evangelical practically all the Protestant Pressedienst, the evangelical denominations in Spain. Matters under consideration tens of thousands of deacons churches are fighting for their referred to the project of the and deaco.nesses are carrying life in Russia. The Lutheran law governing confessions and on their services o.f mercy. Fo.r- Church has a seminary in Len- religious congregations that are eign Missio.ns have no.t o.nly re- ingrad from which twelve to to be presented to the Cortes sumed work since the War, they fifteen young men were to grad- Constituyentes. have continued without serio.us uate in June. This seems to Various propositions w ere curtailment. give promise for the future but, made to give unity to all the As to spiritual vitality, the under the pressure of the ter- forces of Evangelical Christiandisappearance o.f a number o.f rorism which has been going ity in Spain. There was manischo.ols of tho.ught, such as His- on for years, church life is fested a tendency to group not to.ricism, Biblicism, Psycho.log- threatened even more than merely under the name of a ism, has been fo.llo.wed by a under the violent measures in federation, but under that of a genuine Luther Renaissance. In force hereto.fore. church which shall be known as the front line, there stands the Death and banishment have "The Evangelical Church of Schoo.l o.f "Dialectic Theo.logy," reduced the number of Luthunder the leadership of Karl eran pastors to forty. These Spain." The Conference elected five Barth. Its aim is to. regain a are divided over the colonies persons to constitute a provicentral position for the great along the Volga, the Ukraine, sional executive committee of o.bjective facts o.f the salvation, Caucasia, and the congregations the above-named church. This the redemptio.n of the world in the cities-a terribly small committee has already begun wro.ught by the incarnation of number. Thirty pastors and the preliminary work on the the Godhead, as applied to theo- leaders of congregations are important task. logical and ecclesiastical work. pining away in prisons or are -Espana Evangelica.

JULIUS RICHTER, Berlin. worked to death in the lumber camps of Siberia – a living Strengthening Lines in Balkans death. AFRICA Anti-Missionary Agitation The strengthening of evan- It is very difficult to place gelical religion in the Balkans young graduates. Only two or _ A storm of fanatical opposi- at the present juncture of af- three of the congregations are tion to Christianity has swept fairs is extremely important as in a position to receive pasto.rs over E gyp t the past few a means of appro.ach to the because of poverty. Many vil- mo.nths. It centered abo.ut a numerous Moslem populations. lages are utterly unable to pro- young man who became inter- In Czechoslovakia there are 132 vide even a bit of bread for ested in Christianity while at

the American University, Cairo. Rebuilding An Important Post Men, women, and children shouting, scuffling, reeking with rancid palm oil Subsequently he attended a In Abyssinia, the present -this unsavory mass of misery kin g has returned to the thrusts knives, spe,ars, dead fish, an- Bible School, and being over Church Missions to the Jews cient meat, live chickens· or ducks as eighteen years of age, and le- the fine old mission station of presents to the medical boy assistants gally entitled to think for him- Kobela, which was devastated in the hope of immediate treatment. during the Abyssinian cam- After relative quiet and order was self, he became a convinced paign under King Theodore in attained by the huge, black engineer Christian. His father, a big- 1863. For many years it has Ekeba and his wood carriers, the served as a chief rallying post women were first examined, their oted Moslem sheikh, and, more- for brigands. Although the names and tribes being registered and over, a notable magician, whom walls of the huts have tumbled their fees taken. Then c.ame the men's down, and the place is over- turn. At one .0'c1ock the medical boys, even highly educated men fear, grown with shrubs and thorns, utterly weary, covered with dirt, palm immediately appealed to the po- the missionaries are planning to oil, and worse, returned to the Oregon lice, ·t,o arrested the boy. The rebuild slowly this important to snatch sleep until 5 a. m. when they case w< brought into court, center for work among the would go ashore to give the treatand the boy was eventually Falasha Jews. ments. The injections were made at handed back for "protection" to the rate of one every two minutes or, -Alliance Weekly. for both boys, sixty an hour. They his father. worked quietly, never slackening in This incident was immedi- spite of growing weariness.

ately taken up and enlarged This treatment is so effective upon by the Arabic press, and bitter attacks upon mission work in general ensued. Reso- New Openings in Nigeria that the infective stage has allutions were drawn requiring most entirely disappeared from active propaganda for the faith Nsukka in the Niger Diocese the radius of the Bolenge hos- (Islam), to launch a virulent was the last district of the Ibo pital. Cases which appear are Arabic press campaign, to stim- tribe to remain unevangelized. from a distance. It is interestulate the circulation of anti- Bishop Lasbrey, of the C. M. S., ing to learn that practically all missionary literature, and to went there for the first time in the work of this hospital, save stir the government against 1930 and found a large pagan where white people are under mission schools and missionary population and a sprinkling of treatment, is done by native as" activity in general. However, Moslems. Some of the older sistants, the doctor keeping in missionaries rep 0 r t a wide- Ibo congregations on hearing the background as instructor spread spirit of inquiry among of the need raised £150 for mis- and counselor. Some forty-four sionary effort, and teachers thousand treatments are given enlightened Moslems.

were sent to five or six towns. annually.

New Y. M. C. A. in Assiut In January, four new stations Dr. J. Quay, an American were opened in hitherto un- Forward in Central Africa Y. M. C. A. secretary in Egypt, touched villages. Some churches Vigorous for war d action writes of the new Assiut Y. M. have had to be enlarged and a marks the work of the Africa C. A. building and grounds: large number of inquirers have Inland Mission. New station sites now secured in the Bel- "Nine years ago thirteen been enrolled. Ibo Christians gian Congo permit an advance young Egyptians decided they have provided funds for two among 100,000 or even half a ought to found a modern Y. M. teachers in the Nsukka area, million Azande people and will C. A. Most of the thirteen are while the Awka church has pro-· facilitate the evangelization of still in Assiut and prominent in vided £20 for the present year 40,000 in the Ruwenzori area. business, official or professional and £20 for 1933, to support The Pygmies in the Belgian life. They form the backbone another teacher.

of the Committee of Manage- Medical Ministry on the Congo Equatorial forest are also being ment. There is an acre and a taught. Tanganyika Territory half of land in the very heart The Disciples Mission in the reports great encouragement of the growing residential sec- Congo has a steamer, the "Ore- from the stations at Mwanza tion of the city. The new build- gon," whose ministry is the in- and Buduke, which were opened ing has an auditorium, smaller jection of Neosalvarsan for last year. Tanganyika has prorooms for office, library, dis- yaws and syphilis at points all duced a gifted African transcussion rooms, billiards, ping along the river Ubangi, tribu~ lator who has already finished pong and cafe. It cost $22,500 tary of the Congo. The ap- Genesis and Exodus in the Kesiand every cent of it was raised pearance of the boat is the sig- kumu language which have in Assiut. Current operating nal for announcing by drum, to been printed at the mission expenses have come too from the people along the river and press. Tabora, largest town in Egyptian sources, and all in the in .the interior that an oppor- Tanganyika, is to have a Mo-: midst of terrible financial de- tunity is at hand for ridding ravian church, composed of conpression. The founders say they themselves of these terrible verted heathen. In Kenya, fol-: are now ready to do something scourges. The Congo Mission lowing a second survey of unconstructive. News pictures the scene: reached tribes, work is under

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

way, with native Nandi and ly to a positive Christian ap- Easter and Whitsunday and the Kamasia Christians assisting. A proach to Jews and Moham- days of St. Chrysostomus and bill to amend the native mar- medans. riage ordinance is before the Saint Barbara. Among their sacred books they enumerate Kenya Legislature. African United Jewish Missionary Con- the Torah, the Psalter, the Goswomen wedded according to na- pel of Christ and the Koran. tive custom may have Christian ference They have never been on good marriage, and thereby they ob- A United Jewish Missionary terms with the orthodox Mostain the status of legal majority Conference of Palestine, was lems and of late have shown' and cease to be chattels. A held on Mount Carmel, April much friendliness to the Chris- Christian widow, not her pagan 20-22, 1932, and the following tians living in their country.

relatives, will have custody of recommendations were made: Recently a deputation of Alaher children. The intention is Literature: That a Literature Com- uites appeared among the Cathto preserve the Christian moth- mittee be appointed to produce litera- olic Sisters of the Sacred Heart er's influence over her children. ture suitable for indifferent and The Depression in Africa agnostic Jews, and also for young peo- of Jesus and Mary at Safita and asked to join the Christian ple. The Chairman conveyed an of- faith. This visit resulted in a fer from the S. P. C. K. Council to The depression has reached consider any applications for help that movement toward the Catholic the heart of Africa. Unemploy- faith and a number of vilment is a great and bitter prob- might be submitted to them from the lages have already become Cathlem not only in this country, U.J. M. C. olic. but in the huts of Katanga -Die-Katholischen Missionen. Province, Belgian Congo. Dr. Methods of Approach: The question John M. Springer, writing un- as to whether evangelistic work is Missionary Cooperation more productive of spiritual results than institutional work was discussed and the Conference decided that each was obviously complementary to th~ der date of April 7, 1932, says other. American Board work in Turthat in that mining district The presentation of the simple Gos- key began in 1819, with the "the natives had become quite original purpose of helping all accustomed to the industrial pel message by lip and life was ad- races in that country. More and town life, to good wages, v,ocated as the most sure method of and more it has concentrated and, for them, high living, when approach to every class of Jew, al- upon the Armenians and Greeks, suddenly the tide turned and though it was pointed out that a resulting in a strong, evangeli:- the urban population of whites knowledge of Jewish literature, his- cal church. Oppressive politiand natives has been dimin- tory .and language was an invaluable cal conditions caused many of ished by more than half. Many equipment for the Jewish missionary. the leaders to migrate to Amerthousands of natives have been Tribute was paid to the work of J ew- ica, where they have formed sent back to their villages; the ish missionaries in the past and then, Armenian – speaking churches. wages for all remaining are as now, it was recognized that the Some twenty years ago the greatly reduced, and many only means of winning a Jew was Armenian Missionary Associaskilled and once highly-paid na- by the way of friendship and love, tion of America was formed, tives have no income what- and it w.as suggested that prayer, the its purpose being to further ever." Could anything show greatest of all methods, had not yet missionary activities among the more plainly that the world is been tried to the full. Armenians scattered in every one, and that we dwellers here, whatever our color, location, or Alauites Giving Up Islam land. job, live a common life? About six years ago leaders North of the Lebanon is the -Christian Advoc,ate. state of the Alauites, one of the in the Armenian Missionary four mandatory regions of Association of America sug- French sovereignty in Syria. In a r 0 ugh mountain district, reaching as far as the border of New Turkey, 200,000 people gested the p 0 s sib iIi t y of live under the rule of their strengthening the whole work WESTERN ASIA sheikhs and subsist by tending through closer cooperation with their flocks and farming their the American Board. This was Y. W. C. A. in Haifa A new branch of the Y. W. land. brought about by forming, in C. A. has just been opened in They are known as a Mo- 1927, the Executive Council of Haifa, Palestine. The branch hammedan sect, a branch of the Armenian Missions, made up of includes a hostel, club room fa- Shiites, the followers of Ali, the representatives of the Armecilities, offices and an employ- son-in-law of Mohammed. Their nian Missionary Association of ment bureau. This center in religion is a curious mixture of America and the American Haifa where there are so many pagan, Mohammedan and Chris- Board, thus creating a unique girls of Jewish, Mohammedan tian elements. They think they form of missionary cooperation. and Christian faiths can render are descendants of the Cru-' Armenian Protestant churches a unique service in revealing saders and celebrate mass at in America number only thirtythe true Christian spirit to all night, offering wine and incense five, of which only eight are girls served and, in so doing, and calling upon the name of self-supporting. will be able to contribute great- Jesus. They observe Christmas, -Congregationalist.

Youth Service in Isfahan ~ional ~sset of which they must take I went there twenty-five years ago. mcreasmg account in the building of A Youth Service was organ- the new India. Today there are over ten times that number, 83,000 Christians. When I ized last winter in Isfahan by young converts who invited Twenty-five years ago Dr. left the District thirteen years ago young people to come and hear Mott addressed the students at young speakers tell what Christ Allahabad for four days with- there was scarcely a caste Christian •had done for them. Persian out daring to mention the name in it. Now, the outstanding feature .. hymns were sung to Persian of Christ. On the last day at of our work there is this incoming of tunes and the four addresses the close of his address' he the caste people. were by Armenians and con- spoke of Christ; within five verts from Islam, all connected minutes the hall was empty. At I am fully persuaded, after seeing with Stuart Memorial College. Agra, Dr. Jones spoke in a The meeting was an effort to cro~de.d hal~, night after night, hundreds of these caste people and link the college more closely begmnmg WIth Christ and talk- baptizing many of them that two wit~ ~he church. A group of main m.otives explain the'movement. ChnstIan young women said ing of nothing else, yet the peo- The religion of their fathers no long- that they, too, would welcome ple crowded in, listened for er grips them; their gods are not an opportunity to witness for hours and seemed loathe to go. merely dead, they have become ri- Christ. Near the close of the meetings in every place it was asked diculous; no Indian can remain long Life Among the Loors that only those come who really without a God to worship. Here comes wanted to find God, and the in the second motive. As one man put it: "I have seen for years the children halls were filled, as before. of your outc.aste villages laughing and Dr. Jones· observes more happy. Because we have seen what skepticism than in all his pre- Christianity can do with the people vious 25 years in India-honest that Hinduism has no use for, we skepticism, which acts as a come to you. We want a religion purgative from superstition. In- that can make good people .out of bad dia is intent on the intense quest people." for some new power to remould -Dnyanodaya. Dr. Joseph W. Cook, Presby- character. Hindu Christians terian missionary at Htyapmhuasdain~ Persia, who died of An S. P. G. missionary writes of a sect called Hindu Chris- January, 1932, wrote for the tians, and a conversation he had held with one of their lead- Presbyterian Magazine an ac- ers. "I have never before had the opportunity for such a free count of a trip he made to Looristan, a place practically blank on even the best maps of Persia. Its people are earnest Mohammedans according to A Triumph of Christian Living discussion, and to know how their lights, living under most The 1931 census report of this sect has developed. They primitive conditions. Modern 12,000 new disciples of Christ accept the whole of our Bible every month for the past ten but keep their form of worship education and modern medicine years shows the triumph of to what it was in our Lord's Christ-like I i v i n g . In the time. Hence they keep the Passhave never touched them. One Andhra territory of the Telugu over, Feast of Tabernacles, the country there have been well Sabbath. They are building small grade school in a district over 22,000 caste people led to themselves a new place of wor- become disciples of Christ dur- ship, on the lines of the Temple of 75,000 people is the only ing the past five years, and an at Jerusalem. They have a very observer explains that the chief strict discipline among themeducational facility. TdhireecLtoodres~ factor in winning caste people selves, and open and individual like the Kurds, are is what Christianity has done confession is made in the pres- scendants of the ancient Medes.

Sheep, cattle and chickens share the tents with people. Women ma~ry at eight or ten, lose four babIes for everyone that lives.

INDIA AND BURMA for the outcasts. The Wesleyan ence of the congregation. They Mission in Hyderabad reports: tithe absolutely all their posses- "In spite of the bitterest per- sions and income, hence they India in Transition are very rich. Excommunica- secution there is no sign of the tion is practised, and it is a real After a series of evangelistic movement abating. . . We re- discipline. Baptism is adminis- joice to record 7,234 caste bap- tered after a person is eighteen meetings, Dr. E. Stanley Jones tisms since the first fourteen writes in The Indian Witness: This has been by far the best year were baptised. . . 1,400 in the years of age. They have twelve I have ever sp~nt in India, though past year… The bitter enmity elders, and by lot one is chosen by all outward SIgnS this should have to administer baptism, another been otherwise. F.or the first time I of many of the village headmen felt that I was dealing with real is- and wealthy landowners has the Last Supper, another to sues and that India was ready to face preach, and another to read the them with me. There has been that been a terrible test for many of Scripture. These hold the office sense of facing things together. The the new converts. . ." for lifetime, and are also excoming possibility of self-government The Rev. G. E. Hickman has sobered India. She is not now Johnson, after a few years' ab- pected to be teachers, for which merely taking the role of the critic they are paid. They do no she is beginning to take account of sence from Hyderabad, his for- evangelistic work. Their wom- mer field of labor, writes: en only marry one of themher resources with which she has to face the future. Men are now be- Eight thousand was the number of ginning to feel that Christ is a na- Christians in Hyderabad State when selves, but men marry outside,

and the woman is admitted to ment and exiled to Ratnagiri. for his circle of from fifteen to the community." Being a Chitpavan Brahman, twenty villages which he visits -The Mission Field. the highest of the high, he soon regularly from month to month. Hindu-Moslem Riots became the religious leader of The church membership list in Rioting between Hindus and Ratnagiri. About two years this field has now passed the Moslems is not an everyday oc- ago this man began a move- 5,000 mark with the addition of currence in India. In most places in India where the fol- ment to inaugurate intercaste the 422 reported this year. This lowers of the two religions live dining. He made a dinner and growth is gratifying to all. close together the happiest of invited members of the differ- friends of foreign missions in– relationships exist, and no riots are ever known to have oc- ent castes, outcastes, Moham- South India. curred. This fact is lost sight of by people in other lands medans and others to dine with – Watchman-Examiner. when the newspapers report on him. Many from the different the outbreak of a rioting in some one place, and they imag- castes accepted the invitation, Evangelism in South India ine that all over India there is some sort of civil war going on and Brahmans, outcastes and Evangelism has had a sucbetween the Hindus and Mos- others sat down and dined to- cessful year in South India lems. where with two exceptions the gether. It was decided to make largest ingathering in the his- Church Union Movement it a monthly affair, and for tory of the Baptist mission is some five months, the group recorded. Typical of many re- The Church Union Movement ports is that of the veteran has taken one step further by came together and dined, with- missionary, Rev. W. A. Stanton, the "general assent" given to of Kurnool, who writes: the South India Scheme of Un- out any caste restrictions. This ion, by the General Council of seemed to be a remarkable for- In November the people in one of the Church of India, Burma the largest Madira hamlets on this and Ceylon, formerly known as ward step. After five of these field with more than 100 houses sent the Church of England in In- dinners, a list giving the names word that they wanted to become dia. The scheme will now be of the Brahmans who had inforwarded to the Diocesan Councils (constituent bodies of terdined, was published in a lothe General Council) for dis- cal paper. Some months later cussion and report. If the scheme is not modified mate- we read in a local paper of the Christians. For more than thirty rially, this Church will be ready annual visit of the Chief Priest years we had preached the Gospel in to act in 1935, provided the of Hinduism for the territory, that village, but the hearts of the other two negotiating Churches who has to do especially with people were as hard as the stones of also make up their minds finally. The United Church will the purity of Hindui~m. He old Kurnool. We sent a preacher and accept the Episcopal form of called the interdining Brah- finally went and spent two days church government, without mans before him and notified among them, having the great joy of subscribing to any theory of them that they had been exepiscopacy. The conscience of baptizing thirty-two people. Further North India is also being report comes that the whole palem is stirred and conferences and now ready for baptism. There seems committees on church union are the order of the day, but the communicated and in order to to be a wide-spread awakening among movement there will mark time the outcastes on this field. In one viluntil the issue is settled in return to Hinduism they would lage twenty miles from Kurnool nine South India. be required to perform praya- converts had returned to their homes schit, atonement, or forever re- Intercaste Dining and had started a school, called a main outcastes. As no one was teacher from another village to show "About eight years ago," them what to do, and were rebuilding writes Rev. A. L. Wiley of the willing to remain outside of the ruined walls of an old house for Presbyterian Mission, "a man a church. When the missionaries arwho had been convicted of po- Hinduism, the s e Brahmans, rived they proudly showed what they litical murder and sentenced to among them lawyers, doctors, life imprisonment, was released after sixteen years imprison- business men, etc., came for- had done and reported thirteen of' ward and performed prayaschit, their neighbors ready for baptism.

which means that each, in turn, The Will to Do in Burma ate a mixture made up of the In spite of distressing eco- five products of the cow." nomic conditions the Karen peo- Preaching Band ple are supporting their work, though on a reduced scale, of Ninety-one villages were vis- course. We have fourteen acres ited by Dr. W. A. Stanton and of land for the school com- his band of faithful preachers pound, and we are getting it on tour early this year. The cleared of the jungle growth.

Kurnool field, South India, cov- The churches are apportioning ers a territory three times the the work bringing lime, sand, size of Rhode Island, and has pebbles for concrete, timber for a population of more than 400,- roofs, floors and interior walls.

000. The band traveled 500 These are all contributions miles and preached to thou- , from individuals and churches.

sands of Sudras, who gave Some will send men to give eager and attentive hearing. free labor. One or two men Every pastor in this area is an have promised to send ele- evangelist, and is responsible phants to help pull out the

stumps when they have been condemn the scourge of war but .ac- practice. In eight years not a undercut. How really happy the tively to support the movement for people are in this planning! the outlawry of war that the relations single doctor for the district of of men may be builded upon other and Shanghai. So much to do. So C. L. KLEIN, Schwegyin. more secure foundations. very few to do it. So very few – Watchman-Examiner. In the political world the founda- willing to make the venture for Baptist Assembly at Maymayo tions of security are the rule of law and the sanctity of covenants, of Christ's sake. Where is the an- The Burma Baptist Assem- which warlike acts are the negation. swer? (Rev.) HOLLIS S. SMITH, In the spiritual world the foundations Changshu, Kiangsu.

of peace are living stones, men of Many Opportunities bly at Maymayo this year was sincerity and good will who will make the machinery of law and treaties more completely in charge of work. We invite all who read these The suffering in China has Burman and Karen leaders than words to join us in turning to the influenced more people to atever before. One new feature cr,oss of Christ, that we may be for- given Jor all our pride and folly and tend Church and to turn to rewas the introduction of a course inspired to follow in His steps, and in ligion as a means of comdesigned to help teachers who llnceasing prayer and effort at what- fort. Though services are not are responsible for Bible teach- ever cost to maintain .and strengthen ing in the schools. About 60 the foundations of security and peace. crowded, there is a considerable received this special training. Other efforts are being made A Friendlier Spirit increase in attendance over last both at the college and at Ran- year. Anti-Christian feeling goon to raise the standard of "One of the most significant religious' education, to make the achievements of the past year does not seem to exist, or at experience of Christ by men of has been the bringing about of least it is entirely submerged twenty centuries real to the closer relationships and coop- for the present. younger Christians. About 200 eration between the Christian delegates were in attendance at Student Movement and our Truth Hall, a Presbyterian the Assembly. Church," writes Rev. A. R. Kep- ler, missionary at Shanghai, mission school which is regis- -Paul Braisted. China. Three years ago the tered with the Chinese govern- ment, has so many students that it is necessary to hold as- sembly out of doors. Large numbers of lay workers in the Siam Situation slogan of the Christian Student churches are spending a great Movement was "Exalt Christ! deal of time in voluntary evan- The Presbyterian Missiona- Down with the Church!" At a gelistic work. More than 5,000 ries have always enjoyed the recent national conference of people at a country fair, confriendly cooperation of the the Christian Student Move- ducted by Christian workers, royal house of Siam. The late ment at Peiping, the prevailing heard the Gospel message. king, in his earlier days, gave purpose was "Cooperation with his own title to the mission col- the Church!" An Active Christian Lawyer lege at Chiengmai, naming it Is the Church Short of Faith? ·Dr. Sherwood Eddy in em- ' the Prince Royal's College. The phasizing that Christianity is present king attended the exer- I am well aware that the China's only hope, tells in the cises celebrating the centennial Church is short of money. No Missionary Herald of a Chrisof Christian work in Siam in one knows that better than the tian lawyer, Mr. Gong, who 1928 and spoke appreciatively mISSIOnary. But is the Church has personally won forty-two and encouragingly of it. In ad- short of faith? In spite of our friends to accept Christ. Durdition, their majesties have troubles here in China, and ing a week of meetings in Foomade gifts of money to the they are many, there never was chow, attended by 4,000 stu- Presbyterian Mission in Siam, a greater opportunity to bring dents a day, Mr. Gong, with in recognition of what is being these people to Christ. Sick at the consent of judges and feldone for their subjects. he art, disillusioned, harried low lawyers, called off all his CHINA from pillar to post by famine, law cases for the week, giving floods, and war, with no hope or his entire time to the meetings. National Christian Council faith in anything, these peo- To one single meeting he ple are only waiting for the brought fifty lawyers. During Denounces War Great Deliverer. the week he brought three hun- Dr. C. Y. Cheng, General Our seminaries at home are dred different persons. He or- Secretary of the National Chris~ ganized a body of eight huntian Council of China has is- crowded with students for the sued a significant statement to ministry-yet no ministers for dred Christian personal workthe National Christian Councils the preaching of Christ's salva- ers to invite men to the meetin other lands concerning war. ings and to speak to them per- After describing the horrors of tion to the heathen. For ten sonally about Christianity. Of war, the statement concludes: years not a single minister for the 50 lawyers he brought to the meetings ten have made We, therefore, pledge ourselves the district of Shanghai. Our their decisions and are now anew, and urge all our fellow Chris- medical schools at home are preparing to enter the church. tions to do the same, not merely to turning out doctors faster than they can be absorbed in stable

Education in Japan – A New Life Through God. By Toyohik() ested in the true experiences

Study. 247 pp. International Mis- Kagawa. 210 pp. $1.50. Revell. these six school girls in China, sionary Council. New York. 1932. New York. 1932. as told by a missionary who loves the Chinese and under- This is a report of a Commis- There is something amazing stands them. We see here vivsion, and how many people read about the literary fecundity of idly their temptations and trials, reports? Few, it is to be feared. K a g a w a . A comparatively their failures and victories, their The very name "report" sug- young man, far from robust in need and response to the mesgests something dry and per- health, with impaired eyesight, sage of Christ. functory. But no student of preaching and lecturing every missions can afford to ignore day and often several times a Chefoo. By Stanley Houg-hton, Edith this report. It was prepared day, serving on many commit- Harman and Margaret Pyle. 12 mo. by a Commission on Christian tees, and the leader of various 82 pp. Paper. 28. China Inland Education in Japan, represent- religious and social organiza- Mission. London. 1931.

ing the National Christian tions, he yet finds time to write The educational center of Council of Japan, the National "books and articles. Dr. Ken- the China Inland Mission for neth Saunders, who writes an Christian Education Association Introduction, speaks of him as missionaries, children, a hospital of Japan, the Foreign Missions champion of the poor, expert and the health station for their adviser of government, mystic missionaries, is at Chefoo in Conference of North America North China. This pictorial and the International Mission- and social reformer, poet and story of the many-sided life at preacher, who is doing more Chefoo is another evidence of ary Council. It was headed by the Christian spirit and efficithat eminent Christian educa- than anyone else in Japan for ency of the Mission founded over sixty-five years ago by tor, Kajinosuke Ibuka, Presi- social reconstruction and who Hudson Taylor. dent Emeritus of the Meiji gathers great crowds whenever Gakuin of Tokyo, whose asso- Streams on the Desert. By Mrs. he speaks. This book is the Charles E. Cowman. 8 vo. 328 pp. ciates were eleven eminent Jap- $1.50. The author, 832 No. Hobart anese and missionary educators. substance of addresses that Blvd., Los Angeles, Calif. It is the most thorough .and were delivered.at mass meetings comprehensive study of Chris- attended by thousands of J ap- anese. Its theme is "new life, tion education in Japan that has ever been made, and it presents new morale, a new society- The present hunger of people a literally immense amount of through God." It discusses God for spiritual help is shown by reliable information. Its pri- and the World of Suffering, the large number of daily BIble mary purpose is to bring to God and Christ, God and the readings published. Here is one light the present situation and Soul, God and Prayer, God and of the best-the fruit of study the future needs of Christian the Bible, God and the Con- and experience. Many of the education in Japan in the light science, God and Daily Living, greatest spiritual leaders are of the rapidly changing situa- and God and the New Social quoted in prose and verses, with tion in that country and to de- Order. It is pervaded through- Scriptural selections for every termine what changes should be out by a warmth of evangelical day in the year. To read it made in the policy and program feeling that deeply moves the prayerfully promotes spiritual reader. It is a spiritual tonic, of the schools in order that they a real contribution to devotional growth. may more actively serve the Christian literature. Written in The Interwoven Testaments. By H. Christian movement. Several Japanese, it has been translated C. Moore. Pocket volume. 50 cents. maps and charts helpfully con- Sou the r n Baptist Convention. tribute to the reader's under- into excellent English by Eliza- Nashville. 1931. standing of the situation. This beth Kilburn of Sendai, Japan. In the form of daily Scripture B. readings, the main teachings of is a volume of notable value and the Old and New Testaments are it should be carefully studied, Schoo] Gids Together. By Mrs. E. combined in brief quotations, not only by officers and mem- Weller. Illus. 12 mo. 128 pp. bers of missionary boards work- Paper. . Is. China Inland Mission. without exposition but with ing in Japan, but by the stu- London. 1931. short explanations. They will dents of Christian education in School girls in America and prove interesting and suggest other lands. A. J. BROWN. England cannot fail to be inter- further study.

[511 ]

Bible Verses to Memorize. Selected chapters make an excellent sub- standing, of righteousness, of by Helen Miller Gould Shepard. 16 faith and of love. mo. 96 pp. 50 cents. American ject for women's missionary Tract Society. New York. 1931. meetings. A good, but very lim- New Books The good seed is the Word of ited bibliography of British The Prophetic Lamp. Ernest Baker. God. Sown on good soil it bears books, suggests opportunity for 79 pp. 1s. Pickering & Inglis. good fruit. The Bible verses, further study. London. 1932.

carefully and prayerfully select- The Conquest of Gloom. By James Present-Day Problems. J. C. M. Daw- L. Gray. Introduction by E. son. 115 pp. 1s., 6d. Pickering & ed by Mrs. Shepard, have al- Stanley Jones. 12 mo. 158 pp. Inglis. London. 1932. ready been translated into over thirty languages and have been 38 6d. Marshall Morgan and Scott. The New Man. Capt. Reginald Wallis. widely scattered by faithful sow- London. 1931. 95 pp. 18. Pickering & Inglis. London. 1932. ers in many lands. These selec- The author has been aNew tions, in two series and topically Zealand Presbyterian mission- Individual Work for Individuals. arranged, relate to Sin and Sal- Henry Clay Trumbull. 186 pp. $1. ary in J agadhri, India, for ten American Tract Society. New vation, Law and Grace, Sorrow years and most of these ad- York. 1932. and Comfort, Death and Immor- dresses were given to audiences That Strange Little Brown Man tality, Confession and Service, of Christian missionaries and, as Gandhi. Frederick B. Fisher. 239 Wisdom and Folly, Faith and pp. $2.50. Long & Sniith. New Unbelief, Promises and Prophe- Dr. Stanley Jones says, they York. 1932. cies. Those who memorize them "touch on problems that press in I. LiIIias Trotter. Bla"nche A. F. Pig- on this Indian atmosphere; ott. 245 pp. 68. Marshall, Morwill store away spiritual riches problems of an awakened na- gan & Scott. London. 1932. and those who scatter them will As It Looks to Young China. Edited plant living Seed. tionalism and the clash between by William Hung. 181 pp. $1. East and West." They are spir- Cloth; 60c paper. Friendship Press. The Lutherisches Missionsjahrbuch for 1932. 160 pp. This time it itual Bible studies that exalt New York. covers 150 pages and has a separate supplement of ten pages. Christ, encourage faith, promote~ Community Organization in Religious " Education. Hugh Hartshorne and J. obedience, stimulate to prayer and exhort to sacrificial service. Quinter Miller. 250 pp. $2. Yale University Press. New Haven.

This Yearbook con t a ins a Challenged. By Caroline Atwater The Causes of War. Sir Arthur Salnumber of important articles- Mason. 12 mo. 100 pp. $1.00. ter and Others. 235 pp. 7s. 6d. Revell. New York. 1932. Macmillan. New York and London. the History of the Evangelization of Iceland, Theological Miss Mason is well known as The Good Shepherd and His Lambs. the author of "A Lily of H. Forbes Witherby.. 185 pp. 1s. France," "The Little Greek Work in India, by Dr. Sande- God," "The Highway," and Pickering & Inglis. London. gren, Problems that grow out of the increasing Industrialization John Thomas Gulick – Evolutionist of the World, and the Nature of and Missionary. Addian Gulick. 556 pp. $4. University of Chicago Press. Chicago. the People and the Work of Mis- other spirited stories with a pur- The Heritage of Asia. Kenneth Saund- pose. In this short novel she ers. 224 pp. $1.75. Macmillan. sions in New Guinea. There is pictures life in an American city New York. the usual amount of most impor- and the efforts of a newspaper The Indigenous Church in Perno John tant statistical material cover- Ritchie. 39 pp. 6d. World Domining the missions of Germany, man to promote total abstinence ion Press. London. and prohibition. The facts pre- Indigenous Ideals in Practice. W. F. those of the Scandinavian coun- sented give convincing reasons Rowlands. 43 pp. 1s. World Dotries and the present status of for abstinence from intoxicants minion Press. London. missions to the Jews. Indian Americans. Winifred Hulbert. C. T. BENZE. and show the benefits of prohibi- 161 pp. $1 cloth; 60c paper. Friend- tion laws, even when not ade- ship Press. New York. The Dawn Wind. By Olive Wyon. Kagawa. William Axling. 202 pp. 12 mo. 155 pp. 28 6d. Student quately observed. $2. Harpers. New York. 1932.

Christian Movement Press. London. The Life of Chas. Albert Blanchard.

1931. Bread to the Full. By ~ohn McNeill. Frances Carpthers Blanchard. 220 12 mo. 208 pp. 28 6d. Pickering pp. $2. Revell. New York. The Gospel of Christ has in- and Inglis. Glasgow. 1931. Lim Yik Choy-The Story of a Chitroduced a revolutionary prin- nese Orphan. Chas. R. Shepherd. ciple into society, but many For over forty-five years this 252 pp. $1.50. Revell. New York.

Christians have failed to recog- famous Scotch preacher has The Republic of Brazil-A Survey of Religious Conditions. Erasmo Braga nize its transforming influence been widely known for the and Kenneth S. Grubb. 184 pp; 58. on the womanhood of non- graphic pictures, hum 0 r 0 u s World Dominion Press. London.

Christian lands. The awaken- touches, evangelistic passion and Rural Education for the Regeneration ing of womanhood to the oppor- spiritual insight in his sermons. of Korea. Helen K. Kim. Published by the Methodist Board of Foreign tunities and responsibUities of a These sermons were delivered in Missions. New York. new era is the subject of these Dr. McNeill's early prime- Totem Tales. Warren E. Crane. 95 brief studies in which the author forty years ago, in the Regent pp. $1. Revell. New York.

pictures the change wrought on Square Presbyterian Church of Yellow Rivers. Earl Herbert Cressy. 153 pp. $1.50. Harpers. New the women of Africa, of India London-:-they combine human York. and China, of Korea and Japan interest and divine unction, and Annual Report, Home Missions Coun- and of Mohammedan lands. The breathe out the spirit of under- cil~1932. 85 pp. New York.

Missions LOS PACIFIC j III

ANGELES Are presented in novel and very I had a usable form, for Missionary Meet- COLLEGEi ings, as illustrotions for s<':rrnons Prodigy and talks, or for personal inspir- ! "Character Firstation, in for a the College that Cares" The Presbyterian Chi Id" 12 Acres-3 Buildings-28 Years BANNER of Success-Also Accredited "I thought I h.d • prodigy for. child," • mother Prep School- Coeducdtion – A wrote us. "But when I found th.t other children A Church weekly modern in Homelike School. studying .t home .ccomplished the s.me results .nd appearance, evangelical in creed, wlth e6se, I knew it WtIIS your Ctilivert course and progressive in contents, practical THI N K! Board, Room, Tuition- methods." in help to ministers, ministers' $40 month or work on campus wives and other active Church and pay $25 month. C.lv«t School tr.vels to children .11 over the workers; and prepared with world to give them, wherever they may Jive, as thorough special regard for the layman and Send Application and References an elementdry educcdion I!IS children ~ttending the the laywoman. to Registrar … C.lvert O.y School in B.ltimore, M.ryl.nd. It comes to your home, bringing with it interesting books, A Christian Companion 5832 Ebey Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. pictures, new reading devices and up~to-dtllte equip~ ment-everything the child needs for .ny ye.'s work. For the home, the study, mission- Obituary Notes The lessons .re cle.rly outlined step by step, .nd ary meeting, young people's interesting to both p.rent .nd child. meeting, Sunday school, and hour Dr. J. Kelly Giffen, of the Sudan of family and personal devotion, Mission of the United Presbyterian The knowledge of C.lvert tr.ined boys .nd girls its many pages of "News of the Church, died in Khartum on April 6th. impresses people-and impresses their teachers later Churches Everywhere/' and its His widow, Grace H. Giffen, died on when they fin.lly t.ke their pl.co In high or prep.r.tory pages of vital editorials, are July 27th in Assiut. Dr. and Mrs. school. There is the usual elementary education} prepared by numerous selected Giffen went to Egypt in 1881, and also rich trtlining in cultural .sod scientiAc subjects. Correspondents and entered the Sudan as pioneer mis- Scores of missioncuies, exchange doctors, p~rents in sionaries in 1900. They were effective the diplom.tic service h.ve enrolled their children, Editorial Staff forces in building the Church of Christ in that difficult field. .nd found them wei r equipped to enter hi~h or Including William H. Boddy, William E. Brooks, Paul Patton *** erep~rdtory school on their return to the United !:>tates. Faris, Ralph Cooper Hutchison, Ihere have been so many of these enrolments that noW Hugh Thomson Kerr, John A. Mrs. George J. Geis, of Myitkyina, there .re C.lvert School centers in foreign fields. Mackay, Donald Mackenzie, Burma, died April 28. She had been a Baptist missionary for forty years. The full course begins with the first gr.de .nd Joseph R. Sizoo and James H. c.rries through six ye." till high school. It m.y be *** tdken 4S 4 whoJe or in Pdrt-dt d complete cost of $40 Snowden. d year, the school furnishing all lessons dnd mote rid Is. Miss L. Couch of the Ramabai Person~1 criticism of pupil's work by Calvert teachers SUBSCRIPTION RATES Mukti, Mission, Kedgaon India, died $20 .dditionol. Kinderg.rten courses ore .voil.ble $2.50 a year; to ministers, $2. In on April 1st at seventy-nine years of for use by individu.ls .t $10.50, or in groups .t combindtion with The Missionary Re- age. Miss Couch was born in Eng- reduced cost. view of the World ($2.50 alone), land and went to India forty years only $4 for both-d saving of one ago. After spending ten years in V. M. Hillyer, founder of C.lvert Home Instruction dolldr. Sample copy of THE BANNER Calcutta she went to Mukti where School, wrote "A Child', History", "A Child's free on request. Pamlita Ramabai gave her work in Geosr.phy………uccessful books imbued with the ch.rm the Boys' School where she acted as .nd .ppe.1 th.t enliven .11 Calvert home lessons. Send your order to a real mother and won many boys to Use the coupon for full inform.tion. Christ. The Presbyterian Banner CALVERT SCHOOL, In recent years she has not been 189 E. Tuscanv ROld, Baltimore, Md. 2007 Commonwealth Building able to do much active work on ac- Pittsburgh, Pa. count of an automobile accident but Ple.se send me full inform.tion, including. s.mple Or to The she has gone twice daily to the sta- lesson. tion to distribute the Gospel portions Missionary Review of the World and tracts. Guards of every train NAME ………………………………… . looked for this messenger of God and 156 Fifth Avenue for her bundles of biblical literature, ADDRESS ……………………………… · . New York, N. Y. papers and magazines. Mukti is situated on the regular Indian pilgrim can Board of Commissioners for For- route and every day more than fifty eign Missions, in Japan, died on July of these pilgrims and sadhus pass 31, in his eighty-second year at the through. Miss Couch was interested home of his son, Rev. George E. Cary, in these wanderers, and would show Bradford, Mtlssachusetts. Dr. Cary them the One who is "The Way, the was born in Foxboro, April 20, 1851, Truth and the Life," and give each was graduated from Amherst in 1872 a Gospel portion or tract in the lan- and Andover Theological Seminary in guage they understood. 1877. He went to Japan that same year. *** Dr. Cary was the author of a very The Rev. Otis Cary, D. D., forty- complete and valuable history of two years a missionary of the Ameri- Christian Missions in Japan.

Retiring from the field in 1918 he served Japanese churches in Utah and California under the auspices of the American Missionary Association. In 1923 he established residence at the Walker Missionary H.ome, Auburn- dale, and assisted with the editorial work of the Board.

His wife and four children, Rev. G. E. Cary, Dr. Walter Cary of Dubuque, Iowa, Rev. Frank Cary of Otaru, Ja- pan, and Miss Alice E. Cary of Osaka, Japan, survive him. Our Special China Number OCTOBER, 1932 Illustrated Up-to-date Factual Partial Table of Contents What the Chinese Have Accomplished … . Kenneth S. Latourette of Yale University Come With Me to China ……………………………….. . 0. E. Goddard Overcoming Difficulties ………………… "….. Wm. H. Gleysteen of Peiping The True Soul of China …………………… .Francis C. M. Wei of Wuchang How the Chinese Worship …………………… .James L. Stewart of Chengtu Why Send Missionaries to China … , ……………… .P. O. Hanson of Taianfu What Have We Learned About Mission Methods …. .Frank Rawlinson of Shanghai What Kind of Medical Missions Are Needed ……………. .Dr. Elliot I. Osgood A Sample Mission Station ……………………… Charles E. Scott of Tsinan What Christ Has Done for China ………………… Carleton Lacy of Shanghai The Church of Christ in China ………………… . A. R. Kepler of Hangchow Woman's Place in Changing China …………………….. Katherine R. Green Whither-and What Progress ………………. Charles L. Boynton of Shanghai The Christian Task in China ……………………….. .P. C. Hsu of Peiping Testimonies of Twice Born Chinese ……………….. , ……. Various Authors What the Chinese are Doing for China ………. .Mary F. Parmenter of Shanghai Best Books on China « SEND YOUR ORDER NOW » 25 Cents a Copy $20.00 per Hundred THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

156 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y.

The Missionary Review of the World — July 1932

JULY·AUGUST

THE AMERICAN INDIAN NUMBER • Our Predecessor, The Indian Hugh L. Burleson Indian Problem Approaches Solution Ray Lyman Wilbur· .

Are Missions to Indians Effective?

Henry Roe Cloud Indian Romance and Reality Princess Ataloa Indian Views of Missions to Indians W. David Owl Twice Born Indians I Have Known Bruce Kinney.

Where Are the U nevangelized Indians?

G. E. E. Lindquist

• Dates to Remember to endeavor to promote

Quickest Time friendship between the people of the to … July 12-17-Northern Baptist Conven- two nations. They were everywhere tion, San Francisco, Calif. cordially received. JAPAN AND July 25-31-World's Sunday School *** Convention, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. CHINA Dr. and Mrs. Courtenay H. Fenn. August 13-20-Universal Christian Presbyterian missionaries to China, 10 DAYS TO JAPAN! That's the Council for Life and Work, Geneva, have been honorably retired. Dr. Fenn Switzerland. is retained in secretarial service at trip-after-trip record of Empress of the Board headquarters in New York. Russia and Empress of Asia on the August 24-31-Continuation Commit- Direct Express route! First Class at tee, World Conference on Faith and *** reduced fares. Order, Wiesbaden, Germany. Dr. Egbert W. Smith, Executive Quickest time via Honolulu is 13 August 23-28-General Conference of Secretary of Foreign Missions for the days, by Empress ofJapan, the larg- the Seventh Day Baptist Church, Presbyterian Church South, who has est, fastest liner on the Pacific, and Adams Center, N. Y. recently returned from a visit to the by her running mate, Empress of Congo missions, has asked to be re- Canada. Sailings from San Fran- September 13-16-Association of lieved from secretarial duties, having cisco and Los Angeles connect at Women Preachers, Chicago, Ill. reached the age of retirement. Honolulu. September 17-20–Bi-Annual Conven- *** REDUCED SUMMER ROUND TRIP tion, Evangelical B rot her h 0 0 d, FARES on all "Empresses." Evangelical Synod, St. Louis, Mo. Sir Wilfred Grenfell has recently returned on the mission schooner, For lower fares, go in Tourist September 28, 29-Connnittee of Ref- George B. Cluett, to his work for the Class, and still enjoy spaciousness, erence and Counsel, Foreign Mis- fishermen of the Labrador and Newcomfort. sions Conference, New York, N. Y. foundland. With him have gone seventy-five young college men and All "Empresses" sail from Van- October 11-l6-International Conven- women, bearing their own expenses couver (trains direct to ship-side) tion of the Disciples of Christ, In- and ready to work at all kinds of hard and Victoria: dianapolis, Ind. jobs and endure many hardships dur- Fastest by Direct Express ing their vacation. Some will serve October 12-United Lutheran Church as aids to doctors and nurses, while Empress of Russia •• July 16-Sept. 10 in America, Philadelphia, Pa. others work on one of the mission Empress of Asia ..••• Aug. 13-0ct. 8 ships. October 18-24-Five Years Meeting Fastest via Honolulu of the Society of Friends, Richmond, *** Indiana. Empress of Japan ••• July 30-Sept. 24 Dr. John Stuart Conning, for the Empress of Canada •• Aug. 27-0ct. 22 Personal Items past thirteen years superintendent of Jewish Evangelization of the Presby- Information, reservations, from Dr. E. Stanley Jones of India has terian Board of National Missions, your own agent, or Canadian Pacific accepted the invitation of the National has reached the retiring age in that offices in New York, Philadelphia, Christian Council of China to come Board but is still more vigorous than Chicago, Montreal and 31 other to China August 23 to December 15 many men at fOlty. He has been cities in United States and Canada. to hold a series of special conferences elected secretary and director of the and evangelistic meetings for Chinese. Joint Department on the Christian CANADIAN Five interdenominational and regional Approach to the Jews under the PACIFIC conferences are planned. Dr. H. H. auspices of the Home Missions Coun- Tsui of Shanghai is in charge of the cil. Dr. Wm. Chauncey Emhart, of arrangements. the Protestant Episcopal Church, is Chairman of the Executive Connnittee *** and Dr. Franklin F. Fry, of the United Lutheran Church, is vice- The Rev. Akira Ebisawa, general chairman. Half of the $8,000 will be secretary of the National Christian provided by the Presbyterian Board Council of Japan, and a number of of National Missions. The remainder· other Japanese Christian leaders and is expected from other boards and in- missionaries, went to China in March dividual contributors.

(Continued on 3d Cover) ~ THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS ~ ~————————————————-.

DEPARTMENT OF ANNUITIES YOUR GIFT NOW WILL BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING OF GIVING WHILE LIVING AND THE GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS THAT YOU WILL HAVE AN INCOME FOR LIFE ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A.

Chat THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

This is .our special H.ome Mis- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor si.on study number. It has been prepared with the help .of the Vol. LV JULY-AUGUST, 1932 N.o. 7-8 H.ome Missi.ons C.ouncil C.ommittee .on the American Indian. Page We ackn.o*wle*dge* with grati- FRONTISPIECE-FORMER ENEMIES, NOW FRIENDS tude particularly the help, .of TOPICS OF THE TIMES ………………………………… 387 Bish.op Hugh L. Burles.on, Dr. A. J. M.ontg.omery, Mrs. F. W. Our Creditor. the Indian The Hudson Taylor Centenary Wilc.ox, Dr. F. F. Fry, Miss Harnessing Youthful Enthusiasm Anne Seesh.oltz and the writers .of the articles. OUR PREDECESSOR, THE INDIAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 391 Unf.ortuna*tely* a* few .of the By the Rt. Rev. Hugh L. Burleson. D.D.• recently a Missionary Bishop of the Pro- testant Episcopal Church articles prepared have been cr.owded .out .of this number- AMERICAN INDIANS-PAGAN AND CHRISTIAN ………….. 395 in spite .of its enlarged sizeand may be expected later. One By Richard H. Harper, Missionary of the Reformed Church in America by Dr. Th.omas C. M.offett, auth.or .of "On the New Indian THE INDIAN PROBLEM APPROACHES SOLUTION ………… 399 Trail," deals m.ost interestingly with "Indian Missi.ons at Their By Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur, Secretary of tl1e Interior, United States Government * Best." ARE MISSIONS TO INDIANS EFFECTIVE? …………..•… 401 The prospectu*s "*for this num- By the Rev. Henry Roe Cloud, Ph.D., a Yinnebago Indian; President of the American Indian Institute, Vichita. Kansas ber has been enthusiastically received. One s.ociety .of the A NEW DAY IN INDIAN EDUCATION ……………………. 405 Presbyterian Church (S.outh) has .ordered 250 c.opies in ad- By the Rev. Floyd O. Burnett, Sherman Institute, Riverside, California vance-to be used f.or mission study classes. INDIAN ROMANCE AND REALITY ….. ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 409 HOW MANY WILL YOU By Ataloa, a Chickasaw Indian Princess USE? INDIAN VIEWS OF MISSIONS TO INDIANS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 412 Our next *issu*e o*f THE RE- '''hy Give the Gospel to Indians, by W. DaYid Owl (Cherokee) VIEW will appear September Our Friends the Missionaries, by Simon J. Kirk (Sioux) 1st. Do not miss it. Among Another Indian's Viewpoint, by Horace 'Villiams (Pima) the articles you will wish to read are: A MISSIONARY VIEW OF THE PROBLEM ……………….. 415 NEW OPPORTUNITIES IN By the Rev. F. A. Johnson, Presbyterian Missionary to the Dakota (Sioux) Indians PERSIA TWICE BORN INDIANS I HAVE KNOWN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 By Dr. Rolla E. Hoffman By the Rev. Bruce Kinney, D.D., Director of Indian Missions, American Baptist Home RELIGION BY EVOLUTION Mission Society .

OR REVELATION INDIANS WHO HAVE MADE GOOD ……………………… 419 By Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer An Apache Brave, by Alf. M. 'Cp!egger A Little Indian Cripple, by G. F. 'Veinland A TRANSLATOR'S EXPERI- The Story of Yellow Bird, by ·William H. Gable The Romance of Sitting Crow, by C. L. Hall and Mrs. R. D. Hall ENCE IN AFRICA How an Indian Found God, by C. L. Hall By A. W. Banfield WHERE ARE THE UNEVANGELIZED INDIANS? ………… 427 WHAT SUCCESS IN By G. E. E. LindQuist, Author of "The Red Man in America"; Missionary-at-Large. MADAGASCAR? Society for Propagating the Gospel Among Indians and Others in North America By W. Kendall Gale INDIAN MISSIONARIES TO INDIANS ……………………. 430 By ~fary M.· Crawford, a Presbyterian Missionary to the Nez Perces Indians LOOK FO*R *OU*R CHINA THE NEED FOR CHRISTIAN COOPERATION ……………… 432 NUMBER! By the Rev. G. WatermuJder, Field Secretary for Indian Work. Reformed Church in The October issue will be de- America voted to the great land and people of China-with articles THE INDIAN SPEAKS FOR HIMSELF……………………. 434 by travelers, Chinese, missi.onaries and .others. At the Parting of the 'Vays, by Esau Joseph (Apache) Through the Eyes of a Young Indian, by Cyril Rouillard (Sioux) THE OCTOBER REVIEW The Future of the Indian, by Stewart Lewis (Pima) The Hope of the Indian, by Grace Eastman Moore WHAT R*EA*DE*RS SAY SOME INDIAN CHRISTIAN LEADERS………… . . . . . . . . . . . .. 436 "In my judgment The MIS- SIONARY REVIEW .of the Walker and Booth. by George Logie WORLD is the most remark- Morongo, by G. F. Weinland able, comprehensive and effec- Rogers, Hawk and Pierre, by Louise A. Johnson tive interdenominati.onal, missi.onary magazine in the world. EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING ……………………….. 439 I have taken it for years." Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison A. Z. CONRAD, Pastor .of the Park Street Church, Bost.on, BULLETIN OF COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS … 444 Mass. Edited by Miss Anne Seesholtz OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ………………………….. 448 WHAT TO READ ON THE AMERICAN INDIAN… . . . . . . . . . . . .. 461 By May Huston. Associate Secretary of the Board of Education, Northern Baptist Con. vention Publication Office 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York ,City Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Indianapolis, Ind., under ,Act of March 3, 1879.

25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by the MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., INC.

BOARD OF. DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEEB, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MILTON J. STAUFFER WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD A. L. W ARNSHUlS WM. B. LIPPHARD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER WALTER McDoUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ERIC M. NORTH

Enemies Now

These scenes are from an educational film produced by the Beacon Films, Inc., New York. The picture tells the Story of the ,Red Man in North America. It was made by W. Douglas Burden and Wm. C. Chanler who reproduced Indian atmos- phere and scenes with a group of 200 Ojibway Indians to give an authentic and historic picture of Indian life. It is en- dorsed by educational and :religious work- ers for use in churches, schools and mis- sionary gatherings. Chief Chauncey Yel- low Robe is one of the principal characters.

LEFT-INDIAN SIGN LANGUAGE FOR "MANY TREES," BELOW-CHIEF YELLOW ROBE AT HOME RECOUNTING HIS AI)..

VENTURES. REVIB ORLD AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS VOLUME LV JULY-AUGUST, 1932 NUMBER SEVEN-EIGHT Topics of the Times OUR CREDITOR-THE INDIAN where Indians are congregated. Many Indian evangelists; pastors and teachers have been The first inhabitants of our American continent trained and are working among their own peoform the topic for Home Mission study during the ple. Unfortunately there are still many entirely coming year. While the North American Indi- unevangelized and some who are unreached by ans ,are not numerous-only about 350,000-they the Gospel. Dr. Lindquist and others in this ishave a remarkable history. When first discov- sue of the REVIEW tell of some results of the work ered by the explorers from Europe, the Indians and of the still unfinished task. gave evidence of higher ideas of God, a better moral code and were more advanced in arts and Paying Our Debt some sciences than any other aboriginal people. Compare them, for instance, with the aboriginals The following Home Mission Boards, respondof Africa, of the South Sea Islands, of Australia, ing to a questionnaire, give information about or even of northern Europe before the Christian their work for these American aborigines: era. The North American aborigines, and their kindred in Central and South America, showed Reformed Church in America-conducts five missions many evidences of noble character, intelligence for Indians-in Nebraska, New Mexico and Oklahoma. and civilized development. Their history, tradi- They cooperate with the government in caring for school tions, beliefs, characteristics and customs are pic- children, in community work,' clubs, clinics, dispensary, turesque and interesting. It is almost inexplica- and church and Sunday school work. At some stations ble that, with such a background and such possi- they have dormitories, educational classes, health probilities, they have not progressed more in the grams and encourage native industries. The principal four hundred years since the first European set- tribes reached are the Winnebago, the Apache, the tlers came into contact with them. Today every Arapaho and the Comanche. Some of the work is be- Indian in the United States should be a fully coming self-supporting and the Christians are working civilized Christian. That only one-third are now among the Indians of the neighborhood. Christians, over 50,000 are still unevangelized and many are ignorant pagans following their The Baptist Southern Convention has 21 workers among primitive customs and worship, is the fault of Indians at forty church or mission centers. They count the white settlers who, in many instances, failed 200,000 Indians as in Southern Baptist territory. Many to keep faith with them, drove them from their of the churches have become self-supporting. The misland, too often have shown them the vices rather sion fields are chiefly in Oklahoma among the Osage at than the virtues of civilization, have failed to Pawhuska, the Pawnee, Chiloccoes, the Ponca and Kaw, treat them as brothers, even as Christians have Kickapoo, Sac, Fox, Otoe and Iowa Indians. There is also bewildered them by the rivalries of a divided work among the Navajos in New Mexico, the Choctaws Church, and have not adequately shared with the in Mississippi and others in southern Alabama and North Red Men their knowledge of Christ and the Chris- Carolina. tian Way of Life. The Presbyterian Church in the U. S. ,is working Since the days of John Eliot in 1646 the Bible among the Chickasaws and Choctaws in Oklahoma, the has been partly translated into ten Indian tongues Alabamas in Texas, the Catawbas in South Carolina, the and systematic efforts have been made to win the Cherokees in North Carolina and the Seminoles in Florida. Red Men to Christ. Today some forty Protestant This work is evangelistic and educational. There are 18 societies are conducting schools and evangelistic organized Indian churches with 548 members. Six missions in various reservations and settlements churches have native pastors. Much attention is given to Sabbath school, young people's and women's work. The Oklahoma Presbyterian college at Durant has 165 stu- dents, half of whom are from five Indian tribes.

The Friends Mission, in Oklahoma, ministers to over 2,500 Indians by, visiting institutes, clubs, clinics, recrea- tion projects, libraries, Bible teaching, week-day religious education and other religious meetings. The Friends mission stations in Oklahoma are located among the Wy- andotte, Seneca, Cherokee, Modoc, Osage, Kickapoo and [387 ]

Shawnee Indians. The Philadelphia Friends also operate estant denominations .and societies are conducting the Tunesassa Indian School at Quaker Bridge, New York. Christian missions among some fifty tribes of North American Indians. About one-half of The Christian Reformed Church is doing effective work these missions-including the larger ones-ten for the Indians with a budget of $104,000. A boarding years ago reported 597 churches, with 160 white school for 120 Navajos is conducted at Rehoboth, New and 268 Indian ministers, 550 Indian helpers and Mexico, and a day school at Zuni, with 42 workers, of 32,164 communicant members. The mission whom nine are Indians. The work is educational, medical schools number 38 and 2,262 pupils, and the total and evangelistic. There are 10,000 Navajos in the west- annual appropriations to all the work amount to ern New Mexico territory allotted to this denomination. about $750,000. Protestant adherents are esti- Some 600 of these are enrolled in the church. mated to number 80,000 and Roman Catholics 60,000. This leaves 200,000 as non-Christians. The Methodist Episcopal Church is working among the Cherokees at Pembroke, North Carolina, on the Onondaga, How long will it take to evangelize the Ameri- Iroquois and St. Regis Reservations, New York; on eleven can Indians at the present rate of progress? The reservations in Michigan, two in Wisconsin, two in Min- Government by adopting the policy, not of segrenesota, one in Montana, three in Washington, three in Ore- gation and of political and economic dependence gon, two in California and one in Nevada. Their work is for the Indian, but by systematic education and educational, evangelistic and social. amalgamation with the white race is endeavoring to promote independence, brotherhood and citizen- The American Missionary Association (Congrega- ship. When will the Christian churches all unite tional) is working among the Sioux, Hidatsa, Mandan and (without overlapping or neglect) in a program to Ree Indians of North and South Dakota. There are give every American Indian an opportunity to twenty-two churches and seven other stations. The old- hear and understand the Gospel, and to take his est station and educational center is at Santee, Nebraska, rightful place in the Kingdom of God? with 85 boarding pupils and 29 day pupils. There is also a correspondence school for Bible training with 130 stu- HUDSON TAYLOR AND THE C. I. M. dents enrolled, a hospital and a press. There are 10 ordained Indian pastors. One hundred years ago (May 21, 1832) there was born in Yorkshire, England, .a boy who, by the Presbyterian Board of National Missions conducts grace of God, was destined to have a remarkable work for Indians in seventeen states and in five more influence on China and on the course of Christian states through Synods. They reach 27 tribal groups and missions. The anniversary of his birth was rehave 124 organized churches, with evangelistic and edu- cently celebrated in four continents. This young cational work; a hospital and school at Ganado, New man, James Hudson Taylor, was obliged to leave Mexico; a boarding school at Tucson, Arizona; and at school at thirteen, but heard the call of God to be Phoenix a church of 450 members, a tuberculosis sanita- a missionary to the unreached millions in the inrium, religious work among 600 pupils in the government terior of China and sailed for that distant land school, and a training school for Christian leaders. at the age of twenty-one under the China Evan- gelization Society. When he returned to Eng- The Northern Baptist Home Mission Society (with the land seven years later he had visited several inte- Women's Society) maintain 44 missionaries and churches rior provinces of the Celestial Empire. In 1866 for Indians of 15 tribes in Oklahoma, Arizona, Montana, he founded the China Inland Mission, on the basis Nevada, and California. Several of the churches are of evangelism, complete trust in God for sup- "moving toward self-support." Bacone College, Okla- port, keeping free from debt, and adherence to the homa, is a successful Baptist institution, with 316 pupils teachings of the Bible. As a result of sixty-five from 32 tribes enrolled in grades from the kindergarten years of faithful missionary testimony, this misthrough Junior college. sion has now over twelve hundred missionaries on the field, over twice as many as any other soci- The Protestant Episcopal Church is working among ety. They are located in 297 inland centers and 75,000 Indians of 14 tribes in 15 states, from New York in nearly 2,000 out-stations in sixteen provinces to California, and in Alaska. They include preaching, or- of China. They have won more than 130,000 ganizing churches, religious training, education and medi- Chinese to Christ, of whom 75,000 are now living cal work. The outstanding mission in South Dakota was communicants. Today they have over 3,000 enbegun some 60 years ago by Bishop William Hobart Hare, listed as Chinese Christian workers; of these, and more than one-half of the 25,000 Indians have been 1,900 are volunteers and 57 are ordained pastors. baptized. Approximately 100 Episcopal congregations are In the last two years, while practically all misscattered over nine reservations, practically all in charge sionary and philanthropic societies have reported of Indian workers. large deficits and decreased budgets, the China Inland Mission, without making public appeals The Moravians began work among the Indians when they first landed in America in 1734. Since then they have continued to evangelize and to educate the Red Men. They have carried on no less than 32 industrial and farm enterprises, using all the net profits for mission work. The Moravians have built over 30 Indian mission towns, each with its church and school.

The United Christian Missionary Society (Disciples) is doing an excellent work with some 40 Yakima Indian boys and girls on an 80-acre farm at White Swan, Washington. The boys and girls live in a Christian home and attend the public school.

According to the "Mission Statistics," published in 1922 in "The Red Man in the United States" by G. E. E. Lindquist, twenty-eight Prot-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

for funds, and without incurring debt, has been Fifth: In acceptance of the Bible as divinely enabled to maintain its usual budget and has inspired and inerrant. This includes absolute equipped and sent out two hundred new mission- belief in all the teachings of the Bible as of final aries. authority. Diligent Bible study and obedience to The China Inland Mission leaders do not claim the Scriptures as God's revealed word are expect- greater faith than is shown by other followers of ed of every C. 1. M. missionary and Bible teaching Christ. They do not claim that their methods is a part of all their missionary work.

and principles are the only ones that conform to Sixth: In believing prayer as a method of New Testament standards. They do not set work. The place of prayer is emphasized as the themselves or their mission as a model for others, means of keeping vital contact with the Heavenly but they seek prayerfully, intelligently and con- Father. Effort without prayer is wasted-in the sistently to follow the example and teachings of home offices, in the selection of candidates, in the Christ and the apostolic missionary methods. supply of material needs and in all matters of per- Some Missionary Ideals sonal life and effective service. Seventh: In conscious cooperation with the The results of the China Inland Mission work Holy Spirit. He must be depended upon to bring testify to the fact that God has honored their conviction of sin, new spiritual life, understand- Founder's ideals and has shown His partnership ing of spiritual things, and power for a fruitful with them by signally blessing their efforts, by in- service. Without the Spirit of God working in creasingly providing support for the work, and by and through men and women obedient to Him no giving them rich spiritual harvests. The Mission abiding work can be accomplished.

has remained true to the ideals of Hudson Taylor, In many other respects Hudson Taylor set an as he followed his Master: example which all missionary workers and or- First: Independence on God as the direct ganizations may foHow, even as he followed Source for guidance, for the supply of workers Christ. He had his faults and failings, but his and funds, and for protection. With the C. 1. M. courage and zeal, his humility and sincerity, his these matters are all made subjects for continual devotion to Christ and his love for men, his spirit believing prayer, and without resource to direct of forgiveness and his patience, his practical appeals for help from human sources. sagacity and his holiness were marked by those who knew him best. Second: In the primary emphasis on evangelism. This is based on a belief in the vital need In the past sixty-five years many missions have of all men for salvation through Christ and on been patterned largely on the lines of the China the conviction that apart from Christ men are Inland Mission. They have enlisted and sent out eternally lost. Secular education, social service thousands of workers into the great unevangeland similar movements for temporal betterment ized fields. Great is our debt to Hudson Taylor are considered to be of secondary importance and for the way in which he saw and endeavored to not a vital part of evangelical missionary work. obey the will of God. It is a tribute to his lead- ership-or discipleship-that many of the larger Third: In giving a chief place to pioneer work denominational mission boards today increasingly in neglected and unevangelized fields. This is in acknowledge the importance of many principles contrast to-though not necessarily in conflict on which the China Inland Mission is founded.

with-extensive institutional enterprises. Edu- cation, medical and social work, when engaged in, HARNESSING YOUTHFUL ENT.HUSIASM are wholly for the purpose of winning men to youth is a period of energy. Young people Christ and to prepare Christians for lives of ef- naturally are eager to be doing something. They fective service. Hudson Taylor did not believe in are ready to follow a leader, if he leads to definite building up large, expensive and elaborate institu- action-in sports, in pleasure, in science, in adtions, and thought that this was usually done at venture, in the State, in society or in world afthe expense of simple evangelism. fairs. Jesus was the leader of young men in a Fourth: In emphasis on personal sacrifice. world crusade for righteousness and the Kingdom In many fields today missionaries live in compara- of God. Youth enlisted in the crusades in the tive ease and comfort-under physical conditions middle ages and fought to win the Holy City from similar to those in America. Hudson Taylor be- the "infidel." The Student Volunteer Movement lieved in a soldier or a pioneer life, without guar- for Foreign Missions, the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W.

anteed salary or dependence on government aid C. A. and Christian Endeavor were youth move- for the work or financial reserves for personal ments, inspired by religious idealism and they needs. harnessed enthusiasm for service. The World

War was fought by the youth of the world, who There are also other crusades in which the made inestimable sacrifices in the hope of bring- youth of the world can well enlist. These causes ing world-wide liberty and security. call for all their enthusiasm, courage, spirit of adventure, idealism and sacrifice. Such are the Today the youth are impatient at delays. They causes for sane law-making and loyallaw-observare dissatisfied with conditions and with progress ance; a crusade for temperance and self-control made in economic betterment, in social improve- in the best interest of personal and social welments and in national and international right- fare; a crusade for industrial and political honeousness and peace. But they are without ade- esty, justice and brotherhood; a crusade for matequate ideals, experience and leadership. There- rial self-improvement and equal opportunity for fore they are divided. Some have determined all races and ages and classes; a crusade for perthat money and pleasure are, after all, the great sonal and social purity of mind and action. These desideratum and they endeavor to obtain them by crusades will help to save the world from the fair means or foul. Others are still convinced chaos toward which we seem to be moving. that ideals are worth working for, through public agitation and personal sacrifice; some depend But the greatest and the basic crusade of all wholly on human instrumentality through politi- is one into which the youth of the world may cal activity or organized effort, others depend throw all their strength of body, mind and spirit more upon God and seek to cooperate with Him -it is the crusade to enlist men and women in through prayer and Christian activities. full surrender to God as He has made Himself and His Way of Life known through Jesus Christ. There is great need today for youth crusades- The failure of most crusades is that they leave crusades for temperance, honesty, personal puri- God and His laws out of account. They depend ty, social and economic betterment and Christian on human organization, resources and leadership, discipleship. We need the enthusiasm of youth, rather than on God's power and direction. The the spirit of daring and adventure, the readiness Christian missionary crusade is one that is to attempt seemingly impossible tasks and to suf- worthy of all the devotion, the zeal, the sacrifice fer for a worthy cause. that men and women can give to the cause. It is nothing less than full partnership with God in There are many of these youth crusades in making men God-like in character and in bringprogress today–one is that for world peace and ing the whole world into harmony with His proworld friendship. Students generally are in fa- gram of life and love. It is a crusade that invor of a strict limitation of armaments and the cludes every other high ideal and worthy causeelimination of compulsory military training. It temperance, moral purity, economic justice, law is reported that fifty thousand people took part observance, better race relations, international recently in the European Youth Crusade for Dis- peace and world friendship. The only true and armament; six hundred addresses were given on lasting foundation for a better personal life and the subject in one hundred and fifty meetings, for better human relationships is right relations which brought together audiences of from 260 to with God, the Creator and Ruler of the universe. 1,600 people. The crusade was launched by the He has. revealed Himself and His Way of Life International Fellowship of Reconciliation. The through Jesus Christ and the New Testament. meeting held in Geneva on April 3rd passed reso- Here is a Leader worthy of all honor and unlutions calling for total disarmament, following a swerving loyalty. Here is a cause·worthy of our fifty per cent reduction, in five years. The cru- fullest devotion–of energy of mind and body, of saders also called for the prohibition of weapons all our possessions and of life itself. The most of aggression and for abolition of compulsory cheering fact is that if we enlist in this Cause we military service. The intelligent people of the are in partnership with God Himself; such enlistearth as a whole are opposed to war and to milita- ment brings new strength and joy and usefulness rism. Physical warfare breeds hatred, disease, to many, and victory is assured. poverty, selfishness, irreligion and death. Civi- lized nations should find a sane and friendly way to settle disputes.

TEN MISSIONARY MOTIVES Northwestern University presents a study of motives which actuate student volunteers. The following ten motives received high- est rating: (1) "Because I desire to share. Christ as the solution of the world's needs." (2) "Because I feel it to be God's will for me." (3) "Because I desire to share with other people the advantages and privileges I enjoy as a Christian." (4) "Obedience to the command of Christ, 'Go ye therefore.''' (5) "Because of the need of non-Christian peoples for Christ." (6) "Foreign field offers the greatest opportunity for life investment." (7) "Love for foreign peoples." (8) "Relatively greater need in foreign fields." (9) "The belief that world peace and brotherhood are to be most effectively promoted through missions." (10) "Because I feel the foreign field offers a wider field of service." Apparently men are more objective in their motives than women, giving first place to the sharing impulse, while the women put first, "Because I feel it to be God's will for me." The women ranked "obedience to Christ's command" third, while tbe men put it eighth. Cungregationaiist.

Predecessor, the

By the RT. REV. HUGH L. BURLESON, D. D., New York Recently a Missionary Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church I T is never an easy task to portray another hu- to resort to the draft. He drew himself up with man being. Indeed, we find it difficult enough quiet dignity and said: "Why not? It was our to explain ourselves to ourselves. But when country before it was yours."

portrayal concerns one of totally different race, It is this man of the forests and prairies, whose culture, color and environment, the difficulty is ancestors peered from between the trees at the multiplied. great white sea-bird which landed the first Euro- It certainly is not easy to analyze the American pean settlers, who so uniformly met kindness with Indian. His feeling that he is an outsider in the kindness, inj ustice with dignified protest and white man's world-if not a cruelty with ruthless reprisal- nuisance to be gotten rid of- it is this man whom I would his high sense of personal dig- Bishop Burleson is counted as introduce to you. He is my nity and self-respect, combine a member of two Indian tribes, friend, and I trust him. He to isolate him, even where he the Oneidas and the Dakotas. has sometimes let me glimpse may have close contacts with When a boy his father was a the things that are within his what we call civilization. He missionary to the Oneidas soul. possesses his own soul rather and he himself was for fifteen closely and rather jealously in .years Missionary Bishop of First let me voice my belief the presence of the white man. that the Indian is more natu- rally religious than the white Also there are Indians and South Dakota. His contacts man. I mean fundamentally Indians. The nomad of the with Indians have been varied and seriously religious; count- northwestern prairies is as dif- and life-long, and his estimate ing himself as part of a uni- ferent from his brother in New of them is based upon an un- verse ruled by a Great Spirit Mexico and California as is the usual experience. to whom he is individually re- Scandinavian from the Italian. lated. Why this is true I do No man is equipped to speak not presume to say. Perhaps with authority concerning all Indians. What you because he is a man of the outdoors, living his see in the Indian will depend largely upon two life in an ordered world and with the sense of things: Your personal ability to discriminate, divine oversight. We who dwell in wildernesses and the intensity of your prejudice in favor of the of brick and mortar, setting up machinery to traditions and culture which are in the back- make life good, separated from the source of di- ground of our own race. Our unconscious as- vine power by innumerable secondary agencies, sumption, in the case of any race which differs are slower to apprehend this relationship. The from us in language, customs or color, is that they Indian was closer to the deep springs of life, in are thereby inferior. Perhaps we are by way of which he divined an eternal purpose. I have overcoming this; if not, may God help us, and pro- never known an Indian atheist-though we may tect the future of His world! perhaps develop them by our contacts.

Let us look at the man who was our predeces- The whole life of the Indian was influenced by sor in this land, and who still remembers that religion. When he went out of the door of his fact. I shall not soon forget the courteous retort tepee in the morning he said a prayer to the spirit made by a dignified Indian at the time of our who sent the day. When he smoked his pipe cere- entrance into the World War. I had commented monially he raised it to the four winds and mur- appreciatively upon the fact that the Indian young mured a thank;ggiving to him who sent the good men were volunteering with such promptness and things of life. Most of the Indian dances had loyalty that in no district of South Dakota which originally a religious significance. Religion, crude included an Indian reservation was it necessary though its expression might be, was a daily ex- [ 391]

perience in life. Therefore the first thing I see The next characteristic of the Indian which I in the soul of the Indian is this simple belief in mention may seem a little surprising. It is his God as an active and immediate presence; the keen sensibility-a quick perception of shadings, concept of the spiritual lying back of the mate- relations, and the significance of the things he rial. Because of this fact one may feel strong sees. We are apt to estimate the Indian as natuhope of success where the Gospel of Jesus Christ rally dull and stupid because of his marvelous is simply and sincerely presented. Our Master makes His appeal to the Red Man-perhaps even AN EPISCOPAL CONVOCATION FOR THE DAKOTA a stronger one than to us. INDIANS The Indian Character self-control. If we have outgrown the childhood The second characteristic which I would men- idea-implanted by American histories and nourtion is the fundamental integrity of the Indian ished by our forefathers-that he is a human character-that something which, lying at the tiger, ruthless, blood-thirsty, incapable of kindroots of racial life, distinguishes a people as in- ness or pity, let us learn to regard him as a human herently trustworthy. This may seem a strange being like ourselves, capable of being generous, assertion when one recalls the popular picture of kindly, affectionate, and quickly responsive to the the Indian as naturally a liar and full of deceit deep realities of life. Perhaps here again the Inand treachery. But remember, we white men dian has the advantage over us in having been have written all the histories, and so had the ad- compelled to train this sensibility in a life lived close to nature. Upon his ability to see clearly, A LITTLE INDIAN AT HOME to judge unerringly and to act promptly, his own safety and that of those dear to him constantly vantage of depicting the Indian in any guise depended. In nature and in men, on the face of suited to our purpose. In the process we have the sky and amid trees of the forest, he found created a caricature which often amounted to a and interpreted the facts which governed his life. slander. When and if the story of our own dealings with Indians is honestly told, with a just es- Out of this keen sensibility to relations and protimate of backgrounds and conditions, we shall prieties grows the natural dignity and self-respect take shame to ourselves that such a record of of the Indian. Normally he conducts himself with spoliation, deceit and callous cruelty could have more native propriety and courtesy than do those been written. OUTSIDE THE CONVOCATION TENT I gladly testify that there is no more steadfast friend than the Indian, when he encounters real who feel themselves his superiors. I have often friendship. Those who have lived in close and been mortified by the contrast presented when kindly relations with these primitive people have white visitors have attended our large Indian found in them a stability and strength of char- gatherings. Gentlefolk though these visitors acter which could be counted upon with confi- counted themselves, they were not always considdence. erate. To them it was a show, and they poked about among the tents and thoughtlessly intruded They are not always good, nor always wise, but upon the privacy of groups and individuals. But they are fundamentally trustworthy to those who not even such bad manners clouded the courtesy deserve their trust. Not even their bitter expe- and hospitality of the Indian. rience at the hands of the white man has been able to twist and distort them into a semblance of those creatures which one finds described on the pages of some of our histories.

OUR PREDECESSOR, THE INDIAN

Another characteristic which must have im- grave bears the name "Hole-in-the-Day." What pressed even the casual reader or observer is the a stupid distortion! "Hole-in-the-Day" was the Indian's poetic temperament. He thinks and son of a young Chippewa chief who went on the speaks in pictures. His names are descriptions war-path against my people, the Dakotas. He had rather than convenient labels like our own. His been married only a -few months and he wished thoughts move in harmony with the manifesta- to make a record as a leader. For the first time tions of nature. He is conscious of being vitally he led a war-party, with strategy and courage; connected with a vital world. He sees its beauty, but he adventured himself so bravely that though . its complexity, its peril, and voices these in his the party came back victorious they brought their speech. This makes him a natural orator, in the dead chief with them. Shortly afterward a son true sense of that word. Figures and symbols are was born, and his mourning mother called him his medium of expression. Philip Deloria, one of our most eloquent and effective Dakota ministers, addressing the white clergy, whose average stay in the mission field was rather brief, said: "My brothers, will you not stay long enough among us to leave the print of your heels-many of you go through on your toes."

I have heard descriptions from what we would consider uncouth and ignorant Indians, which, though unique in their English, were striking in their literary content. Frequently they speak in parables which are admirable, and use illustrative anecdotes after the manner of Lincoln.

Seated at a campfire I once heard an Indian telling, to the keen satisfaction of his listeners, a story of their first experience with milch cattle, whom they called "tame buffalo/' Two Indiansone a simple-minded person, and the other rather a clever rascal-had purchased a cow, making equal payments. The simple-minded Indian who had made the first payment had taken for granted that one of them would have the morning milk and the other the evening, but he soon discovered that no matter when he arrived the cow had already been milked. Naturally he made an earnest protest, whereupon his partner explained: "You do not understand. You paid for first half of CHIEF OLD CROW AND HIS WIFE tame buffalo, I paid for last half. You feed your end; lmilk mine 1" The picturesque way in which the "Rift-in-the-Cloud." The name suggests a the incident was described cannot be reproduced, picture of a long dark day of cloud and rain, of but it is such a story as Lincoln would have liked shadow and sobbing trees; then, just as the sun -and would have used to good effect. It might sets, its rays break through a rift in the cloud not be inappropriate now, when some politicians and shine across the plain. Therefore the mother blandly expect us to feed the front half while looked upon this son of her dead husband as a rift they milk the rear. in the cloud of her sorrow. But the unpoetic white man called him "Hole-in-the-Day" and, even One of the greatest minor disservices which we have done to the Indian is in our crude transla- after he was dead, raised a monument on which tion of names. Many of them carry today absurd was inscribed that stupid name. cognomens, fastened upon them by some unlettered or unimaginative white man who years ago A fifth characteristic' of the Indian is his in- stinctive desire for leadership. Herein lies our translated these names into English. When chief encouragement to hope for his progress amazed or amused by some outlandish Indian toward the place that he should have in our naname we should do well to discover whether the tional life. This also is ingrained in the history white translator had not distorted and degraded of his ancestors. Notwithstanding the real dean idea which had real beauty and significance. mocracy existing in an Indian village or tribe, For example: A Chippewa chief lies buried on based upon their sense of responsibility each for a reservation in Minnesota, and the stone over his the other, there was aristocracy as well, but it

was not inherited unless a man proved himself from our own. Yet thus, and thus only, has the deserving. The son of a great chief was welcomed religion of Christ ever made permanent and satisto leadership, if he would prove himself a real factory progress. In developing such leadership leader. To attain such a distinction was the am- we have yet a long way to go. But those who bition which fired every Indian lad and strength- have lived intimately with the Indian know many ened him to endure hardship, suffering, danger, a fine spirit, sincerely devoted to our Lord and and even death, without a quiver. Master, which has shown the best fruits of Chris- tian discipleship and has become a light among The Indian was a traditional communist: .That people who sat in darkness. The capacity is is, he thought and acted in terms of his group; there; its awakening and developing should be his highest ambition was to serve his group. With our constant care, for no race has ever been or is the break-up of the old life, tribal and communal likely to be effectively evangelized except by the relations underwent an inevitable change. Scat- voice of its own. tered upon allotments and trying to learn the white man's way of life, the ties that bound them Imperfectly, and only partially, I have pictured have been greatly relaxed. But their desire for our predecessor, the Indian. He has qualities leadership still continues, and under the new con- worthy of esteem, and abilities that should conditions opportunities for it are emerging. tribute much to our American life. Not all of them are "noble red men." There are weaklings The future of any people is dependent upon the and rascals among them-as there are among ourdevelopment of leaders from among themselves. selves. Their customs differ from our own-some We have learned this lesson in our missionary are better, some worse; but at their best they are work-though sometimes too slowly. No amount real people, of sound character, mental and physiof effective and energetic leadership from outside cal capacity, potential loyalty and a simple mystican be an adequate substitute. It has been a com- cism which looks at life through understanding mon failure of Qur missionary policy that we hesi- eyes. tate to give responsibility and to expect results. We have thought it better for the white man to Surely as our Lord looks upon these children hold these things in his own hand. We thought of nature, in whose debt we stand for so many we were willing to trust God with the souls of of the things we value, He is repeating those other people, but wanted to keep a firm hold upon words that He spoke in Galilee: "Other sheep those souls ourselves. We were not quite confi- I have, which are not of this fold: them also I dent that the riches of the Gospel could be safely must bring, and they shall hear my voice; and entrusted to strange hands, whose color differed there shall be one flock, and one Shepherd."

The American Indians-Ancient and Modern There are two groups of people unusually concerned about the American Indian. One appears to be cold and utilitarian, the other appears to be idealistic and sympathetic with the cultural traditions of an ancient American civilization. The Secretary of the Depart- ment of the Interior is consistently urging the rapid assimilation of the Indian into Ameri- can life, so that within twenty-five years there may be no further need for separate care and special management of Indians as wards of the government. Most mission boards ac- cept this practical view; the Indian must be saved by a process of Christian assimilation to American life, not by a carefully guarded and subsidized segregation.

But there is a group who want to preserve the primitive culture and encourage the art and customs of the Indians, as a truer expression and realization of their normal life than the imitation of the white man's ways. They object to anything which forces the Indian to adapt himself to new conditions, and to the competition of ordinary relations with the white man. They pass for champions of the weak, when really they encourage backward groups through a false notion of the value of primitive culture. As a matter of fact, only now are we beginning to be free from the galling chains of tradition that bound primitive society. The savage was bound down by an infinity of tabus, which throttled his initiative and his crea- tive ability. Let us not be deceived by the specious arguments of those who oppose prac- tical education and training· of the Indian to face the conditions of modern Anglo-Saxon civilization-because they are hypnotized by the cult of the primitive.

THE CONGREGATIONALIST.

PERFORMING THE ANCIENT BEAR DANCE-SHALL THESE PAGAN CEREMONIES BE PRESERVED?

American Indians-Pagan and Christian .. "::!I By RICHARD H. HARPERt Dulcet New Mexico ): Missionary of the Reformed Church in America T HE American Indian is naturally, like the An Indian may also be a devotee of more than Athenians, "very religious." He lives in a one religion. A believer in spirit worship would world which he believes to be peopled with not, therefore, be excluded from other kinds of spirits, and worships many deities. Whether he religious ceremonies. Peyote followers often atbe a worshipper of the sun, the mountain, the idol, tempt to add to that the worship of Christ. the snake, peyote, or the Christ, the Indian is naturally religious. Before he has learned of the Sun worship is one of the oldest forms of pa- Father God from the missionary, he believes in ganism now practiced by American Indians. It the existence of some magic power or mystery, probably originated in an attempt to combat or which influences human beings and which may be to regulate some of the forces of nature, usually influenced by them. This Power he believes to the sun. If victory attend their efforts they exbe everywhere and in everything-in the moun- pect rain will fall. tains and the plains, in the sun and the stars, the fire and the lightning, the rain and the rivers, The sun worship ceremonies continue for sevthe trees and in certain birds and animals. The eral days, the number varying with the tribe varied forms of worship are but evidences of the which is worshipping. Seven or eight days comreaching out of the Indian heart after God, "if prise the usual period, secret rites filling the first haply they might feel after Him and find Him." three or four days, followed by the public ob- servance. Indian pagan worship is set in many moulds. A few are outstanding and these have many varia- The ancient religious sun dance is initiated tions. The ceremonies connected with peyote by some man who makes a vow and who hopes worship differ, and those followed in Oklahoma thereby to obtain health for his wife, child, or may be different from those used in Nebraska. himself. The "dancers voluntarily partake in the ceremony, though in some northern tribes the priests select the participants. The dance is at- [395 ]

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF TIlE WORLD [July-August

tended with prayer, singing and fasting; and Indians assert that remarkable cures have resome tribes formerly included torture. Within sulted from its use. the missionary experience of the writer, torture was inflicted in a sun dance in Oklahoma, in a Possibly because of its pain-relieving property camp where two thousand Indians were present. Indians came to believe that there was super- natural power in peyote. They revered it and We well remember an Arapaho young man finally began to worship their desert-grown fruit. whom we had known when he was able to see but The Holy Spirit is thought, by peyote worshipwho now was totally blind. He' went through the pers, to reside in the "bean," to which they pray strenuous sun dance in an effort to regain his as the mediator between God and man. A former sight, only to be disappointed. From personal ob- peyote devotee told the writer that a prayer lik~ servation of several such ceremonies, I believe the following would be offered to their vegetable that no Indian woman takes part in the regular god: public parts of the sun dance, though this is not true of the secret rites. We do not understand the ways of God. But you under- stand His ways. So, we ask you to ask God for what The ghost dance is one of the modern forms of we want. paganism, having begun in Nevada about the year 1888. Tribes in other states, north and south, Thus the peyote has been made to take the place soon adopted ft. Its adherents, following their of Jesus Christ, the mediator between God and Paiute prophet, believed that a messiah was com- man. ing from the northwest; that the white people would be turned to buffalo; and the happy days Peyote worship is usually held at night, in a would be restored when game would again be specially prepared tepee or tent, or in a peyote abundant and the Indians would enjoy full pos- chapel. On a crescent-shaped mound of earth, session of the land. about four inches high, within the sacred tepee, a peyote "button" is placed. In the beginning of Men and women who participated in the ghost the ceremony every worshipper eats four of the dance formed a circle and held hands, facing the beans and then each one sings four peyote songs center of the circle. With a shuffling motion of to the accompaniment of the beating of a drum the feet, to the rhythm of singing, they moved and the shaking of a rattle. About midnight a slowly' sidewise. No musical instrument was baptismal ceremony. is performed. After the used. The writer witnessed a night ceremony of ceremony those present may eat as many beans this sort, with some ninety Indians in the circle. as they wish. One Comanche told the writer that The singing was attractive, the sexes singing in one night he ate one hundred and sixty-but separately and then the two uniting in song. this is doubtful.

After the dance, a woman stepped into the cir- A mental stimulation is produced by eating the cle and stood with hands upheld to the northwest. peyote and the eater experiences a temporary Fervently she prayed, accompanied by weeping, feeling of happiness and peace. Sometimes for the coming of the Indian messiah. There nausea and trembling follow and Indians tell of stood two missionaries of the Cross, who were liv- cases wherein a delirium of fear is produced when ing among these Indians to bring them the mes- the victim thinks that some great, vicious animal sage of the true Messiah, the Son of God, who is about to spring upon him. Wonderful color was waiting to bestow upon them greater gifts effects are also produced on the mind. The cerethan lands and buffalo. monies proceed until daylight, when a song is sung and food is taken. Sometime during the The ghost dance, as a religious ceremony, has night a sick person may be brought in to receive run its course, and is now seldom used. the healing benefit of the peyote ceremony. Later, a dinner is served to those present, including In- Peyote worship is a pagan religion which has dians who have come to visit for the day, but who spread to many tribes, from the southern to the have taken no part in the worship. northern border of the United States. Peyote was introduced to this country from Mexico, where it The continued use of peyote produces diseases has been used for centuries. Botanically, the of the heart, the throat, the stomach. Indians small cactus plant from which the sacred "bean" also allege that some of their number have become is obtained bears the name Lophophora Williamsii temporarily insane from the drug. One Indian or Lophophora Lewinii. In medical literature it declared that after using peyote he became so viois known by the name Anhalonium. The "button" lent that' it was necessary to bind him. The use used by peyote devotees is the fruit of the plant. of anhalonium is undoubtedly harmful, when the In this fruit are three or four poisonous alka- drug is taken in large doses. Peyote worship is a loids, the physical and mental effects of which false religion and the claim that its devotees wormake th.em desired by their habitues. Peyote is ship the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, is said to be an anodyne, a narcotic relieving pain.

AMERICAN INDIANS-PAGAN AND CHRISTIAN

sacrilegious. Therefore Christians must view it until they are advanced in years accept Christ for as evil. themselves. They say: "The white man's reli- gion is good for our children; but we want to Spirit worship, phallic worship, the bear dance, stay in the 'Indian Road.''' Many of the older and other pagan forms are also used by Indians Indians would accept Christianity if they could in their religious ceremonies. add it to their present religions.

When the missionary comes to a pagan Indian In most government and mission schools on and group with the message of the Gospel of the Son off reservations earnest and effective religious of God for the first time, some elements in their work is carried on. In a number of non-reservaown worship make them ready to listen. The belief in a supreme being; in propitiation for sin; A GOSPEL STREET MEETING FOR INDIANS IN OKLAHOMA in existence after death; their exercise of faith; their use of prayers, songs, meditation, vows, sac- tion government schools religious work directors rifices-all these have to some extent prepared the are employed by the Home Missions Council and Indian mind for the missionary's proclamation. the Council of Women for Home Missions. Good Our pagan friend is not thereby led to accept work is also being done by native Indian ministers Christ. On the contrary, after he finds that in in several tribes. There is need for many more receiving the Christian teaching, he would be com- such workers. pelled to surrender some of the practices which he loves there ensues a battle with himself which False forms of Christianity have also crept in often results in a refusal to enter the "Jesus and have led some astray. Road." Indian Camp Meetings Confession of sin is not prominent in pagan In- An outstanding method of religious work of dian worship, though this does enter into some the Reformed Church in America, in Oklahoma of its forms. Many an Indian says: "I have and Nebraska, has been the camp meeting, held never done anything wrong." Often they do not especially for evangelistic effort. A large meetacknowledge any connection between religion and ing tent is used with a seating capacity of hunconduct. An Indian may be an earnest devotee of dreds. Indians of various tribes pitch their small anyone of a number of pagan religions and yet tents and remain on the camp meeting grounds live an evil life. The predominating element in for several days. An interpreter is provided for pagan religions is not adoration of a deity, nor each tribal group, and at some meetings three or love for a god, but fear. four Indian languages must be used. The mis- sionary preaches in English a sentence or two at In many tribes it has been the custom to offer a time, and, simultaneously, the interpreters give sacrifices to the sun, moon, wind, trees and to the message in their native tongue to their own other deities, in some instances attended with groups. Such a service, with several interpreters, prayer. Human sacrifices were offered by the is carried on without difficulty. Pawnee and other tribes. Infants were some- The songs are in the Indian languages and in times put to death in sacrificial offering. Sun English. Such hymns as "When the Roll Is dance devotees allowed their bodies to be cut; took Called up Yonder" have been translated, and themselves pieces of their own flesh as an offer- while the Indians sing in their own tongue or ing to the sun. Blood was thought to be accept- tongues, the whites sing in English. The effect able to some deities. In our parish in Oklahoma is pleasing and inspiring. was an Arapaho whose arms had received short cuts, crosswise, at intervals of an inch or less, from wrists to shoulders. His body also bore scars from the cutting in the sun dance.

Many objects, not human-such as dogs, food, clothing, corn and tobacco-were offered in sacrifice. Propitiation for sins committed was thought to be obtained through the death or other lesser punishment of a person guilty of an offense against a deity. Human sacrifices were not general among the tribes in the United States.

Indians and Christianity Generally the religion of Christ makes greater headway with Indian youths than with adults. Most of the Christian adults of today, exclusive of the oldest,· heard the message when children. Few of those who do not hear of the Son of God

Camp meetings are strenuous. Each day be- vation, we buried an Apache young man, who had gins with an early morning prayer meeting. A been brought up in a pagan home. He had taken second service follows at ten and others are held his own life. The father had to be watched to preat three and eight o'clock. Children's meetings, vent him from committing suicide after the son's gatherings for youth, and workers' conferences death. The mother, a strong medicine woman, in are also a part of the program. Bible study, tes- an abandon of grief and an agony of despair, beat timony, preaching-these feature the meetings. her breast with her clenched hand. Her pagan be- Evangelism is prominent. liefs gave her no comfort as she looked into the face of her dead son. The belief that all Indians are stolid and unemotional is dispelled when the observer sees with For the Indians, as for those of other races, how much earnestness they take part in the camp the words of Peter are true: "There is none meetings. Many Indians have been brought to a other name under heaven given among men, decision for Christ in these annual gatherings and whereby we must be saved." The Gospel is "the much personal work has been done in prepara- power of God unto salvation to everyone that tion for them by Indian Christians. believeth," to the Indian as truly as to any other. The Christ of the Gospel displaces the worse, and Many Indians are heroic in their stand for brings the better to the Indian life. When they Christ, against the pressure brought to bear by become Christians improvement is seen in home pagan Indians, by the call of the old life, and by relations, in the treatment of women, in the betevil white people. The names of the Comanche ter care of children, in purity of living, and in Nahwats, the Apaches Naiche and Sanspuer, the service to God and to humanity. Indian drunk- Arapaho Washee, the Winnebago John Smith, the ards, gamblers, and libertines have been saved, Jicarilla Apache Cevero-all these tell the story and changed into sober, clean men and women. of Indian Christian heroism. Many an Indian today could sing, as thousands A religion proves its value or its worthlessness of them have heard from the silver-toned melody by what it does or fails to do for its worshippers. of Dr. Frank Hall Wright's consecrated voice: Indian religions do not save their followers. They are utterly and hopelessly inadequate. The best From sinking sand He lifted me, in all the pagan religions cannot save a soul, a With tender hand He lifted me, mind, or a body. Recently, on the Jicarilla reser- From shades of night to plains of light, Oh, praise His name, He lifted me!

An African's New Year Prayer Our Father, we kneel before Thee, Thou great Creator. Thy power is manifest in the making of all things. Thy voice is the thunder, and Thine eye like the lightning, but Thy character is merciful and Thy heart is kind.

As now we enter into this, the beginning of another year, hold Thou our hands, and walk with us along the way; that road is narrow, but takes us where we want to go-to'

the village of our Lord.

We thank Thee for our unknown friends who sent messengers of peace to us who were black in customs as in color, but who share with us the hope that is in Jesus our Saviour. Even now we know our weaknesses, weak as marrow and frail as eggs.

Increase our faith that we may stand firm as our mountains, and fight the good fight with the power of an earthquake.

Heal us from our diseases, the greatest of them is this leprosy of sin, eating away the heart ,and bringing blindness, not of the eyes, but of the soul. Thou above art our doctor and therefore inoculate us with Thy certain cure the Holy Spirit, that circulating in us kills sin. '

Wash us and place the soap at the door of the heart to cleanse everything before entering into it. Keep our minds pure like the drinking water of the Europeans which has been boiled and filtered.

How many wonders the white man has created and brought here, but they are all vain and nothing when we think of the miracle of redemption. 0 Lord, Thy love is higher than the sun, broader than the horizon and stronger than death.

Because of this love we crave Thy blessing on us, Thy children, and Thy great work in every land. We want to be found at last with our characters built up and complete.

When the register is marked in heaven we are anxious to be marked "present," at the coming of the Lord. Guide us therefore, we pray, in the days to come and gather uS with the Christians of every land, to live with Thee evermore. Amen.

Indian Problem Approaches

By DR. RAY LYMAN WILBUR, Washington, D. C. ):.. Secretary of the Interior, United States Government T HE Indian problem in the United States is ing pot, and become as are the rest of us. From one that has been constantly with us from a sentimental standpoint there may be much to our beginning as a nation but there is hope regret in this fact but it is none the less inevitable.

now that it can be brought to a reasonable solu- The chief compelling influence bringing this tion. We still have some 350,000 people of Indian about is that penchant for education which is one blood in the United States but of our national characteristics.

only about 200,000 of them re- Today we maintain on Indian main wards of the government. What" has the government reservations 126 day schools Many of those who are still done for the 350,000 Red Men and 53 boarding schools. There nominally wards of the govern- in the United States? Their are 19 boarding schools mainment are quite competent to fathers once freely roamed tained at points in the West take care of themselves as full- away from reservations. fledged citizens, and the pres- and hunted over the entire continent. Then they were These are large schools in conquered by the white men ent policy is to sever their ties from across the sea and were each of which from 500 to 1000 of wardship as rapidly as this shut up on "reservations." pupils may be maintained.

may be brought about without When oil was discovered on They are usually handsome ininjury to their property rights. their land or their reserva- stitutions, happily located, and tions were opened for white furnish educational opportuni- There are, however, 200 In- settlers, the Indians were ties that are equal to those dian reservations still in ex- moved elsewhere. Some were maintained anywhere for memistence in 26 states and among made wealthy by oil revenues. " bers of the white population. them there is the complicated Others were pauperized by ra- fact of 58 spoken languages. tions. In the past fifty years Incidentally these schools are Oklahoma, with 120,000, ranks the government has sought to without charge to the individ- first among the states in Indian wipe out the disgrace of "a uals who attend them. Not only population. Arizona follows century of dishonor" by pre- instruction, but food, lodging, with 49,000, South Dakota with paring the Indians for full cit- and clothing are furnished free 23,000, New Mexico with 22,- izenship and self-support. to the sons and daughters of 000, California with 19,000, Secretary Wilbur gives an en- our Indian wards. These are Minnesota with 15,000, Mon- privileges granted to no other tana with 13,000, Washington couraging account of how the element of the population. Indian problem is now being solved.

with 13,000, while Oregon One of the conclusions that trails along with 4,518. has taken very definite form in On many of the reservations on which these In- recent years is that it is better that these educated dians live there is a general admixture with the young Indians should take their places with the white population and the Indians are rapidly as- general population than that they should return suming the manner of living and the civilization to the reservation of their fathers. On these res- of the whites. There are certain notable excep- ervations the psychology is likely to be largely tions to this, the greatest of which is the Navajo that of an era that is gone when the Red Man Reservation in Arizona, as big as the State of New lived a life which is no longer possible to him.

Jersey. On the reservation the Indian is likely to be de- The disappearance of these reservations as rap- pendent and to lean upon the government super- idly as the Indians can be absorbed into the gen- intendent. Also th,ere is less opportunity for eral popUlation is the step that lies before us. It money earning" for a competent youngster than has become obvious that the Red Man eventually out in the world. A case in point observed last must lose his special status, pass through the melt- summer, when the able-bodied young men of the [399 ]

Pine Ridge reservation were idle and in want, was which, obviously, works against their development that of one youngster who had learned his trade in into normal citizenship. These fringes of the In- an Indian school and was working nearby and dian population are merging quietly into the gen- earning $25 a day as an electric welder on a gas eral population.

pipe line. There are certain areas in which the Indians We are trying to bring the Indian schools to as are isolated and in which there are few whites. high a degree of effectiveness as it is possible to The largest of these is the Navajo reservation in get through the aid of the best obtainable educa- Arizona. The Menominee Reservation, in Wiscontors of the nation. We have developed an ex- sin; the Red Lake, in Minnesota; the Sioux Restensive health service which is bringing medical ervations, in South Dakota; the Warm Springs, care and hospitalization to the government's In- in Oregon; the Fort Wingate Reservation, in dian wards. In this way we do as much as we Wyoming; the Papago and Apache Reservations, canto give the nation Indians with trained minds in Arizona, will remain as Indian clusters that and healthy bodies. But most important of all will dissolve slowly. They should be so adminisis the further vital purpose of making the Indian tered, however, that progress none the less will economically self-sustaining. This means that be made toward their eventual elimination. we must develop him into an individual who can earn sufficient money to maintain himself and his Admittedly there is uneconomical administrafamily in a creditable way. To accomplish this tion in the maintenance of separate health and end we must give continuing attention to the pro- school organizations for Indians and whites in vision of proper employment for all able-bodied states where the care of the former might be fitted Indians. This is not necessarily a difficult task into the state scheme. There are a number of because our experience has thoroughly dispraven states in which the situation today is such that that calumny of a race so often expressed in the responsibility for the Indians might be taken over West-the charge that the Indian is lazy and will immediately, the federal government bearing its not work. share of the expense. The consciousness is dawn- ing in many states, also, that it would be well We have demonstrated over and over again that if those communities should give thought to the the Indian, under similar influence, is as compe- problem of converting the Indian into an asset to tent a workman as a white man. There have,in the community instead of allowing him to remain fact, been many instances in which it has been a liability. The road to this end lies largely in shown that Indians are racially dextrous with getting him regularly to work at productive labor their hands and become outstandingly successful rather than allowing him to languish in idleness in the skilled trades. It is the policy of the In- on his reservations. dian Service to make the most of this demonstrated capacity for work that often lies dormant The Indian, in his aboriginal life, was unaccusin its wards. tomed to work as the white man knows it. Nat- urally he must be nursed into the labor idea. It has been shown in many instances that this is For two years now we have been making every quite among the possibilities; that, properly han- effort to get Indian children into public schools dled, he evolves into a good worker. It is quite where they will be dealt with exactly as are the worth the effort on the part of any community whites. This program has been carried to the having an Indian population to help these people point where two-thirds of all Indian children now into productivity. The local responsibility for the go to such schools. In Oklahoma, where the In- Indian and the local advisability of making a pro- dian population is largest, many of them are in ductive citizen of him cannot be over emphasized.

such schools and the time is rapidly approaching The future is bright for the American Indian when many of the Indian boarding schools may be if he can be brought to face reality as the rest of abandoned. As this situation comes about among us do. Those who try to abuse his economic im- Indian groups they are nearing the time when maturity or to hinder his unfolding by sentimental they may be released from government supervi- attitudes must step aside and let him take his sion and pass from their condition of wardship place in the sun.

Prayer The privilege of prayer is one of. my most cherished possessions, because faith .and experience alike. convince me that God hears and answers. I never venture to criticize; it is my part to ask; it is entirely His to give or withhold, as He knows is best. If it were otherwise, I would not dare to pray at all. In the quiet of home, in the heat of life and strife, in the face of death, the privilege of speech with God is inestimable. When I can neither see, nor hear, nor speak, still I can pray so that God can hear.

SIR WILFRED GRENFELL.

Missions to Indians Effective?

By the REV. HENRY ROE CLOUD, Ph. D., 1= .. Wichita, Kansas President of the American Indian Institute A SINGLE statement of ·the objective of American Indians, one need not hesitate to state Christian missions to Indians will not sat- the objectives concisely as follows: isfy for there are many denominations with varying creeds working among them. Creeds (1) To lead the Indians to the discovery of peculiar to a church will color the statement of its God, as the One Supreme Being; objectives. Such phrases as the Salvation of Souls, Christian Citizenship, Other Worldliness, (2) To bring the Indians into the Way of Life the Social Education, Gospel, or the Conversion through Jesus Christ; of the Heathen, might describe different forms of mission work and the various emphasis, methods, (3) To foster education among the Indians to and interpretations of the Christian Scriptures develop character and to prepare for service; make hazardous any generalization. (4) To promote health and healthful living; One must also remember that there are fifty (5) To train up a native Christian leadership; different and distinct tribes in the United States (6) To improve and stabilize the Indian home; alone, speaking over one hundred dialects. As (7) To discover and promote understanding the economic status of an individual largely af- and the means of cooperation between the Indians fects his attitude towards things spiritual so the and the white people. varying natural and economic conditions surrounding the Indians of the United States have r. To Lead the Indian to the Discovery of God helped to mould their varying religious conceptions. The fish-eating Indians of the Northwest as the One Supreme Being. There are those who Pacific coast, for example, where rainfall is twen- maintain that the Indians have always believed ty-three inches a month, never think of praying in the One Supreme Being. If the history of other to a rain god, but the Hopi Indians in the desert races has any bearing upon this then we find that wastes of Arizona spend days and weeks in cere- belief in monotheism is not universal among primmonial ritual praying and dancing to their gods itive peoples. They believe in "gods many." At for rain. the time of the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers the Indians of North America all believed in polythe- The religious systems of different tribes are not ism. Some forest and lake tribes had advanced to at all the same. The prairie Indians, such as the a belief in a gradation of spirits, with varying Sioux nation, have the most primitive religious powers and prerogatives, and with one supreme conceptions, while the Indians of the forest have spirit in command over all. Although many tribes the most complex social organization through the accorded to this one supreme spirit the attributes clan; theirs is a thought-compelling cosmogony. of creative power, they universally left him in ma- jestic isolation and with fear and trembling wor- If the churches doing mission work among the shipped the mystic gods that manifested their Indians adapt their policy and program to condi- existence by the awe-inspiring lightning and tions found among the Indians, their methods will mighty thunder, by the wind and storm, flood and suit these conditions and will change with prog- fire. Because the otter and the beaver could with ress. Diverse conditions such as deep forests, impunity deport themselves in waters too hazrivers, deserts, oceans and mountains affect the ardous for the Indian's frail canoes they too be- Indian's outlook on life and the result is a people came objects of worship. Their skins, so promiof many nations within the same domain. nently and cunningly displayed in sacred cere- monies even to this day, testify to the mighty With this view safe-guarded against hasty gen- influence they exercised on the minds of the Ineralizations concerning objectives in missions to dians. All the ariimal kingdom was supposed to share in the sacrifices and oblations of the Indian race. Every mysterious natural phenomena re- ceived worship. One generation after another [401 ]

was taught to perform the sacrifices to these in- to the gods of rain. In contrast to this, among numerable hosts of spirits to whom they believed the Dakota tribe at least two in every Sioux Inwas intrusted the power of curing sickness, giv- dian home claim allegiance to some Christian ing success in war and the chase, and ability to church. In one Protestant denomination alone thwart the baneful influences of witch doctors. there are thirty-two native Christian pastors working among their own people. To command the resources of these gods innumerable, Indian youths were required to fast II. To Bring to the Indian the "Way of Life" and in their dreams they believed that the spirits through Christ who said, "I am the way, the truth came to them claiming to be the moon, the sun, the and the life." Indian disciples have called Chrisbuffalo, or the thundering spirit of the sky. tianity the "Jesus Road" and His "Way of Life" has brought to them a new conception of the Su- Most extraordinary experiences have been met with by preme Being. It has also brought a new and boys from twelve to fourteen years of age, when they lofty relationship between man and man. It has have been alone in the forest in apprehension and in need. lifted life out of conflict into peace. In brief, this An old man in a gray beard may have appeared and "Way" has brought into Indian life new standsaid in soothing tone, "Do not fear, I am a rock and thou ards in morals and more elevated and purified shalt call me by this name. I am the Lord of the whole racial ethics; it has substituted peace for interearth and of every living creature therein, of the air and tribal warfare, and has brought a new spiritual of wind and weather. Noone dare oppose me and I will impact in terms of brotherhood and love. All that give thee the same power. No one shall do thee harm and the term "Salvation through Christ" implies is thou needest not fear any man." Such and similar proph- comprehended in "the Way." The Red Man of ecies he makes. Such a boy ruminates upon what lIe has America has been brought into fellowship with heard and is confirmed in the opinion as he grows up The Supreme Being. that a peculiar power has been imparted to him to perform extraordinary exploits, and he imagines that no one III. Education. Students of American history can do him injury.* know that the Christian Church has been the pio- neer in education. This applies as well to Indian It is of no small service if we can deliver them education. A citizenship in a new civilization refrom such superstitious dread of powers unseen. quires an education in the broadest and best sense The results of such beliefs are manifest in health, and missions to Indians have carried the church in social outlook, in community life, in anxiety on the one hand and the school on the other. Times over the safety of one's children from the powers are changing and it may now be sound policy to of witchcraft, in dread of disease, enemies, inter- turn over, to a large extent, the purely educational racial wars, and the ever present sinister influ- enterprise to the state and nation. Private funds ence of the medicine-man who must be continu- are not sufficient today to care adequately for the ally placated with sacrifices and gifts. education of the people. The church has admira- bly accomplished its pioneer task in education and The first great objective, therefore, of missions can now devote its energies to other objectives. to Indians is to declare unto these people not only Of the seventy thousand or more children of the fact of the existence of the One Supreme Being school age among the Indians, approximately but also the setting forth unmistakably of God's thirty-four thousand are now in the public schools. great attributes of love, benevolence, justice and The Church is relieved of this heavy responsimercy. The realization of a benevolent di:ty who bility and by virtue of it can the more effectively rules over all has always evoked love, faIth and do its work for the home, the community and voluntary worship from the peoples of the earth. inter-racial relationships of the Indian. Missions To lead any people to such a discovery is to re- to Indians have done their work in education effeclease them at once from influences that warp and tively. thwart, that limit or destroy growth and freedom in the realm of the human spirit. Without ques- IV. To Train Up Native Christian Leaders. tion the Christian missions have brought such Native leadership is essential to the success of great deliverance to the Indian race. In many every mission to Indians. There are but three tribes there are still pagan remnants, but they types of Christian leaders-the native helper, constitute no force in those areas where they once catechist or interpreter; the native preacher; and held complete sway. The only outstanding excep- the modern Indian minister equipped with college tion is the Southwest area inhabited by the Navajo and seminary training. The native helper or catetribe which numbers forty-five thousand souls. chist and native pastor have sufficed as leaders for Here the medicine man still has dominion over all the last fifty years, but their influence, once so but about three percent of the population. The essential, is now being lost in a swiftly changing Hopi may be included with the Navajo by reason of his spectacular heathen practices with respect *' David Zeisberger, UHistory of the Northern American Indians,"

page 127.

ARE MISSIONS TO INDIANS EFFECTIVE?

economic and social order. As in the case of the race is that, in the transition period from the buf- white preacher who now has to compete with falo days to this twentieth century, no adequate widespread college and technical education, easy new social order has taken the place of the one communication, transportation, daily papers, ra- destroyed. It is apparent that economic penetra- dio and every other counter attraction, so the old tion alone would have destroyed the social ground type of Indian pastor is fast losing his congrega- work of the Indian race.

tion. The second cause for the disorganization of .the The day of the fully educated Indian preacher Indian social order is purely legal for which the has arrived. In the period of transition he must Church is not even remotely responsible. The come upon the scene to re-interpret the "Way of legal status of the Indian has been and still is one Life" with more compelling force, to satisfy the of the most confusing and baffling to legal ex- new yearnings of his new generation, to combat perts. The allotment law of 1887 made all Indians the present day evils arising out of a new social citizens. The law of 1906 restricted citizenship.

order, and to place on firmer foundations the By the executive order of President Coolidge in house formerly too often built on shifting sands. 1924 all Indians became citizens of the United Missions to Indians can justly be proud of its States. But strictly speaking, and by pronounce- heroic and staunch native pastors-notably the ment of the Supreme Court of the United States, Nez Per<;e, Choctaw, Sioux and Pima Indi~ns. A citizenship is not incompatible with wardship. The small Indian lad who had been with Chief Joseph result is that the Indian is amenable to the white of the Nez Per<;e, when he made his masterful, man's law according as state or federal govern- strategical retreat with three hundred warriors ments have jurisdiction over him as to place and before Generals Miles, Gibbons and Howard pled as to person. What are the constituted authori- with the Great Spirit to come to his aid in a trial ties going to do with a so-called "fee patent," citi- in a white man's court. The voice of this Indian zen Indian committing a crime on restricted fed- revealed depths of human pathos and spiritual eralland? In such a case jurisdiction as to person power when he said: makes him amenable to state courts. Jurisdiction "Lord, you remember the battle at the Big Hole as to place makes him amenable to federal courts. and how fierce it was, and you know you kept me Where Indian reservations are checker-boarded by there. You remember the battle at Bear Paw federal and state supervision there is a dual gov- Mountain when my father was killed and my ernment in spots. With conflicts of jurisdiction mother taken captive. Lord, you know you kept in law plaguing county and district federal atme there. Then you remember when I was among torneys they have generally left the Indian se- Sitting Bull's people and was near to death of star- verely alone.

vation, and, Lord, you kept me there. You kept Add to this confusion the lack of funds in coun- me when I was a wild heathen boy in Montana and ty treasuries in the great areas of non-taxed In- knew nothing about you, and did not love you. I dian lands in many organized communities of the know you will keep me in this hour of great West, the difficulties of law enforcement become trial." * apparent. In domestic relations counties are slow, v. To Stabilize the Indian Home. Compari- flatly refuse or plead lack of jurisdiction. The federal government will do nothing to unravel the son of the character of Indian homes of a century tangle in marital affairs in case of all "fee patent" ago and today is beside the point for conditions citizen Indians. were vastly different. The forces making for the disintegration of the Indian home in each period As a consequence the Indian has for years been has had a different setting. There were easy thrown into a sort of no-man's-land in marriage separations, especially among the young, the relations where no government will enter and childless and among those of loose character. This where no social sanctions prevail. Feeble attempts is characteristic of all generations. In our mod- by the federal government have been made by the ern day two factors are principally responsible device of recognizing every sort of union as "Infor the break-up of the Indian home. The first dian custom" but it has only resulted in greater is the passing of the old social order with its confusion and has given license to those who wish sanctions and government. Regulation of the to dignify every sort of temporary union as "cusmarriage tie by the parents and the chiefs and a tom marriage." Every church organization carrycoherent tribal opinion is now a spent force with ing missions to Indians views this state of affairs the passing of the old social organization of the with keen apprehension and solicitude. It can clan. One of the tragic experiences of the Indian easily be seen what social menace is in store for a tribe where no less than one hundred couples * Crawford, Mary M.-HNative Missionary Leadership." W01nen are temporarily living together without sanction and Missi<m8, August, 1931. Page 183.

of ceremonial, civil or custom marriage. So long health. The community nurse must also be prepared to as this legal confusion as to jurisdiction and au- minister to the spiritual needs of her patients.* thority continues, just so long will the Church be A refreshing experience for any American, for hindered in its objective to stabilize the Indian patriotism and reaction to divine love which home. Christ preached on earth, is to go to the Navajo country in Fort Defiance, Arizona, and witness VI. To Promote Health and Healthful Living. our government utilizing there the world's fore- Within the last three years Indian health has been most Japanese experts to combat trachoma and the one great concern of the government and the then to go a few miles further into the desert to Church.* The Indian has been pushed into civili- Ganado and see a magnificent hospital under zation too fast. Culture is a matter of exceed- Church auspices relieving pain, suffering and dis- ingly slow growth. The rapid destruction of In- pelling the gloom of life. Both of these institu- dian culture, incident to dispossession of the In- tions have been established and maintained from dian's economic basis of self-support, has placed gratuitous appropriations.

undue strain upon the powers of a race to endure. VII. To Discover the Means of Promoting Un- Lack of sufficient food, proper- diet mid other derstanding and Cooperation Between the Indian healthful habits, along with poor housing, have and White People. By reason of the picturesque contributed to the heavy toll on Indian lives. The character and ethnic interest the Red Race holds country awoke suddenly to the grave seriousness for the Caucasian some seek to preserve the Inof Indian health only three years ago when, for dian as he is. No legislative fiat or hands-off the first time, a comprehensive and expert health policy can ever succeed in keeping Indians in status quo. One of the most relentless forces is survey was made for Congress and the President.* the changing economic order. With increase in population, even the semi-desert places now inhab- Since the publication of this report, both the gov- ited by Indians in America, will become objects of ernment and the Church have redoubled their efforts to bring health to the Indian population. great desire. With irrigation projects in gigantic Sufficient time must elapse before the nation and proportions now looming in the distance, this part of America may also have its congested popula- Church can feel satisfied with their health crusade tions. The cherished customs of today will befor the Red Man. "To heal the sick" was one of come the treasured memories of tomorrow. In the commands of the Saviour of the world. To discovering means for inter-racial cooperation, carry out this great objective the mission boards have set for themselves high standards.

In all the health centers under the Division of Schools missions to Indians will not foolishly condemn and Hospitals of the Board of National Missions, the every Indian practice and custom but rather will nurse must be able to adapt her program to a simple, seek diligently to foster and preserve those ele- almost primitive home life. She must also be versatile, ments of Indian culture which will enrich the comas she will have to teach hygiene and sanitation in the mon inheritance of American civilization. Paralocal school, examine the children's tonsils, look for symp- doxical as it may seem some missionaries have toms of tuberculosis and under-nourishment, and recognize been found fighting against their own God by their the various children's diseases. She must be prepared to wholesale denunciation of everything Indian. To assist the doctors and surgeons at the clinics, prepare the patients for operations, and care for them afterward. so fight is to proclaim to the world that God is in- Then, even after a strenuous day, she must be ready, if capable of revealing Himself to races other than called at night, to officiate at a birth or care for the the Hebrews and Caucasians. God as a God of dying. All these duties must be performed cheerfully, so that through her ministrations the missionary nurse love must seek means of approach to His children may interpret to the people the Great Physician. In by revealing Himself as they are able to underisolated communities where doctors are twenty-five and stand Him.

thirty miles away, the nurse has to meet many emer- Christian missions to Indians will aid the presgencies. Often there is not time to send for a physician, ent movement between state and national governand the patient would die if the nurse were not prepared ments for cooperation in Indian education and to act. It is because of such conditions that the mission health and in law and law enforcement. The boards feel that only the most thoroughly trained nurse Church, while not neglecting its program of can meet the demands placed upon her.' Young women who consider mission service through community nursing evangelism, will bring enrichment to all life and are required first to graduate from a standardized school service. Its ministry and program will lead the· of nursing, and are urged also to take a course in public two races to discover their common humanity through the common worship of the one Great • See Report of Meriam and Associates. Johns Hopkins Press. Eternal Spirit who was clearly revealed through • Scott. Anna M.–"For Their Sakes I Sanctify Myself." Wcme-n Jesus Christ His Son. and Missions. August, 1931. Page 166-7.

A New- Day In Indian

By the REV. FLOYD O. BURNETT, Riverside, California Director of Religious Education, Sherman Institute T HE dawn of a new day for the Indian will, leaders need no longer strive to create the desire we hope, result in bringing about better liv- for education but can devote their energies to ing conditions, higher social and moral guiding Indian youth in further progress. Reli- standards, and will preserve, not as a "ward of gious education has real value as one of the the state," but as a strong and sturdy race of citi- courses of study in this guiding process.

zens, the first American-the Indian. A Great Opportunity During the past few years good progress has been made in liberating the Indian from the bond- Scattered throughout.the United States are Inage of legislative and political machines. This dian schools: institutions financially supported by means that he is to be in a more liberal environ- the government through annual appropriations, ment, free to think and act for himself. On the and administered by the Commissioner of Indian individual is placed the responsibility for making Affairs under the direction of the Secretary of the his own choices. He is slowly coming to a place Interior. These institutions are of several types: where he experiences that "inner urge" to prog- (1) day schools, (2) boarding schools on the resress which is the root of all advancement. ervations, (3) non-reservation boarding schools.

This "urge," in the hands of the Master Builder The Commissioner of Indian Affairs in his June, and His agents, serves as a means of bringing 1929, report says: "Estimated number of Indian happiness and material success. It should enable children eligible for school attendance-6 to 18 Indian youth to assist themselves as never before. years of age-is 81,500; estimated number of The idea of doing things for the Indian rather children in reservation boarding schools 12,700; than encouraging and enabling him to do for him- estimated number of children in non-reservation self, has been over-emphasized in the past. He boarding schools 11,800; and children attending will still need guidance, but too often this has government day schools, 4,600."

been interpreted and applied in a way that has At present there are nineteen reservation left no outlet for self-expression. The Indians boarding schools; fifty-five reservation schools; have, at times, taken an attitude of "wait and that 131 government day schools and six non-reserva- will be done for us." Our enthusiastic desire to tion boarding schools which, at the present time, be of service to a people has too often led us to offer academic work through the twelfth grade.

hinder their progress by taking away their incen- Thousands of these bright-eyed, smiling (but tive to undertake for themselves. somewhat perplexed) dark-skinned children file True religious education should lead the individ- through the campus pathways seeking an educa- ual into a rich and complete Christian experience. tion or an understanding of this "heap big world"

It should provide for him the necessary equip- that the "pale face" has "brought along with him."

ment with which he can solve his simple everyday They offer splendid opportunities for a well de- life problems and be ready to render helpful serv- veloped religious educational program for Indian ice to others according to the spirit and teachings youth. Here is a challenge for service and an op- of Jesus Christ. portunity to give justice to a people of a deserving, Institutions for training Indian youth have but badly neglected, race. Indian youth, enthusi- grown in popularity until the time has come when astic and full of interest in life's problems, stands restrictions are being placed upon the number of on the highest mountain peak of the Red Man's students that can be enrolled in a school. Hun- development and views the wonders of a new civi- dreds must be turned away next autumn, unless lization difficult for them to understand. They are the Indian Bureau makes a change in its present bewildered at every turn and rely heavily on the policies of admission. This shows that at last advice and recommendations of those who they there has come an awakening. The urge for a bet- feel are their friends. From the free and easy ter life is beginning to manifest itself, so that life on the reservation, they enter our schools to [405 J

learn, if possible, the difficult process of how to The basis of misconduct on the part of many make life's adjustments. of our Indian youth is their desire to conform to a belief or a practice of another race entirely for- The Indian Child and His Adjustments to Life eign to his own beliefs and customs. In attempt- ing to bridge the gap serious mistakes are made Through the long centuries the Indians have because of the urgent desire to "be like their white been undergoing certain social, psychological, and brothers." When the bridge breaks, into the religious adjustments, and have developed habits chasm of despair falls the poor, helpless, strugand social customs peculiar to their own nature. gling soul. Christian instruction should have been They have gained their livelihood from the soil able to prevent the catastrophe. Many splendid and have accepted the fact that "the earth is the Indian young people have thrown to the four Lords' and the fullness thereof." The Indian's love winds their interest in life's problems and have for the wide open spaces, without fences or land- returned to the old ways because they were not marks, led him to feel that the land and all its able to make certain adjustments in life. The contents belonged to him. Fences, rules and reg- complete family and life history of a child should ulations were introduced by another and a be taken and careful records made of his developstronger race. Individual ownership had no place ment, with repeated character and mental tests to in the Indian's philosophy of life. Once a brave help us deal with the child. Religious workers are had succeeded in bringing down a deer, all mem- tempted to be influenced by the "annual report," bers of the tribe joined with the victor in rejoic- and to resort to high pressure salesman methods ing. All shared alike in the benefits of the hunt. of "making Christians."

In his religious thinking, the Indian youth of Racial characteristics are big factors that have today falls heir to the beliefs of a thousand years. a prominent bearing upon the problem of teach- To him the gifts of the Great Spirit are shared ing another group, with its thousands of years of by all regardless of personal conduct. Indian different backgrounds and influences. youth must "unlearn what he has learned" when he accepts the white man's civilization. Many Indian young people have not had the in- fluence of Christian teaching and know very little Religious educators, knowing these problems of the Bible. They therefore find it difficult to and recognizing the importance of religious train- appreciate the importance of Christian standards ing for the building of character, must thought- of living. Their religious experience is limited fully work out their programs for the benefit of and their knowledge meager, so that these must the child. The courses of instruction must center be developed. The teacher of religious subjects around the need and capacity of the child. Many must give his pupils informational Bible lessons. elements of the present day creeds and religious A beginner's course is often best adapted to young practices of the white man will be of little value people that have reached the eighth or even higher to present day Indian youth. grades. Better equipment and lesson materials are needed because in many instances there has In the process of making many changes in been no previous missionary instruction, or it has habits and thought there come serious and pain- been only in the form of sermons. Well directed ful questions which must be answered. It is diffi- Bible stories put into pageantry form are found to cult to adjust their native free out-of-door attitude serve a definite and constructive place in religious toward life to the white man's closely organized education for Indian youth. Well selected standmethod of living. This is the result of educa- ard Bible courses, properly presented, create a retional and social adjustments dating back thou- ligious warmth, receptiveness, interest, loyalty sands of years. Certain changes in living, in con- and enthusiasm that will serve as aids to bring duct, and in religious practices must, however, about a better social adjustment. be made if the Indian youth are to adjust themselves to modern life. Because of their desire to adjust themselves as quickly as possible, Indian youth are anxious to Such changes bring about certain character de- understand the Church and the relation of religion . velopments. Indian youth begins to seek the guid- to life. They want to know how Christian truths ance of friends. It is vitally important that re- can serve them in their daily problems. Courses ligious workers cooperate with other educational in religious education should provide this definite agencies in assisting the Indians to make right and practical information. choices that will lead them into a wholesome and serviceable life. The greatest of care must be taken that the re- ligious education courses are not beyond the think- Before we attempt to guide one in solving prob- ing capacity of the pupil. Too often religious lems of misbehavior, we must study the individual. workers take it for granted that the Indian child There is no good "hit or miss" method in deal- understands religious terms that are familiar to ing with such problems and in making adjustments.

A NEW DAY IN INDIAN EDUCATION

the white child but which are unknown to the In- cooperate with, other Christian leaders, and to dian, and are falsely interpreted in the light of his develop an appreciation for study and for good tribal background. books.

The idea of the "Great Spirit," about which we Everyone expecting to do religious work among have heard so much, is not in some tribes related the American Indians should study their cultural, to our idea of God. It is therefore important that religious, and economic background, as well as a religious educator, working among the Indian their present status and future possibilities. If people, should be familiar with the tribal beliefs missionary work is to be done among the older apd religious practices, and above all with Indian Indians on the reservation, a conversational religious terminology. For example, when mis- knowledge of the language of the tribe is imporsionaries and directors of religious education tant. Missionaries and directors of religious edu- cation should appreciate the Indian's problems an!i be able sympathetically to assist him to solve them. Special courses in Indian history, Indian psychology, and a study of racial characteristics and environments are of great value. These differ with each tribe.

Cooperation is needed if a program of religious education is to be successfully put into operation.

The missionary must cooperate with the em- ployees of the Indian Service as he would expect them to be sympathetic toward the religious work.

Conferences dealing with matters of moral and general welfare should be held frequently between THE CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION OFFICERS AT SHERMAN groups interested. This will help bring about a INSTITUTE better understanding between parents, employees, religious workers and students. Denominations speak of the "Holy Spirit" they often do not real- ize that many tribal home teachings cause chil- dren to be frightened because of their idea of a spirit as a red-eyed, malevolent being. Deep root- ed beliefs in ghosts, witches, sorcerers and. evil spirits may give a different connotation to our terms.

It is generally best to avoid the Indian termin- ology and to explain our Christian terms so that the child can fully understand. Materials used, methods followed and suggestions offered must fit the individual need rather than attempt to con- form the individual to the material or method.

A program of religious education for Indian youth should provide the following: (1) A knowl- OUT-DOOR BIBLE CLASS AT SHERMAN INSTITUTE edge of the Bible; (2) Experiences; (3) An appreciation of the life and teaching of Jesus which, cooperating through the joint committee on Inwhen rightly understood, will assist the individual dian work for the Home Missions Council and in accepting Christ as personal Saviour and the Council of Women for Ilome Missions car- Friend; (4) An enthusiastic and intelligent un- ried on religious educational programs in the nonderstanding in how each one can help build a reservation schools interdenominationally. Op- Christian community; (5) A sense of victory in portunity is also given each child to know the taking the stand for Christ and the Church, in work of his own denomination. Eight religious spite of tribal and clan opposition and resentment; work directors are giving part or full time to this (6) An opportunity to accept leadership in social type of interdenominational service.

and religious work; (7) Leadership training, not Due to the nature of the situation, interdenomi- only as church school teachers, but as leaders of national religious work should be a part of all the non-reservation boarding schools and in some of Boy and Girl Scout activities, Y. M. C. A. and the reservation boarding schools. Pastors and missionaries, representing the cooperating de- Y. w. C. A., organization work, Mother's club, and nominational groups, should be free to make con- health (elementary first aid) courses; (8) A knowledge of how to become acquainted with, and

tacts with students from their respective mission- through the eighth grade. These government ary fields of service. schools are generally located at centers where missionaries are already carrying on a religious At least one religious service each week should program. Much of the religious work can be satbe held for Indian students and they should be isfactorily kept a part of the local missionary free to attend the denominational services of their work and be far more effective than by trying to own choice. It is hoped that arrangements can be follow the plans suggested for institutions of made in the near future to place more religious higher learning. educational directors in non-reservation boarding schools. The non-reservation boarding schools have ap enrollment of 12,000 students. Courses in Reli- The religious program on the reservations gious Education in schools of this type should be should be so organized as to provide for all groups closely related to the educational scheme of the from the cradle-roll to adults. This can be done institution. At Sherman Institute, out of 1,250 through the cooperation of the denominations in students, 850 were listed as Protestants. This charge of the religious work and by placing mis- being a vocational school,. the courses in religious sionaries in charge of certain districts. A far education are related to the trades taught. more effective religious program could be conducted if we could avoid over-lapping and compet- In our study of religious training for the Ining work and an unprofitable use of missionary dian we have found: (1) That a new day has and social service funds. The Indian missionary come in Indian education. (2) The new emphasis work of California has been allotted to the de- is upon the phrase "Let the Indian learn to do for nominations interested in the Indian missionary himself, with helpful advice and encouragement." enterprise by the State Federation of Churches. (3) The Church, because of the recent changes, finds a great opportunity for missionary work on Religious educational work of a very high type the Indian reservations and in non-reservation has been conducted among the Nez Per~e for and reservation schools throughout the country. nearly a .hundred years. As a result, they now (4) Indian youth, on the whole, is ready to assume have their well organized churches, pastors, Sun- places of responsibility in leadership. (5) Everyday schools, and Young People's Societies func- where, they are rapidly making commendable adtioning almost as effectively as in the average justments in spite of old tribal religious beliefs white man's church. But with most of the Cali- and customs. (6) Religious education has values fornia and other Southeastern Indian tribes we that should be recognized and given place in the find the situation very much different. education of the individual. (7) Cooperation is called for between all forces at work in Indian Usuallywh.ere·the pupils attending reservation education. (8) Care must be exercised in choosboarding. schoQls are from nearby tribes,· the re- ing the right type of courses for week-day educaligious wo~k can be adjusted to care not only for tion in Indian schools. the youth but also for parents and other members of the family. Week-day courses of this kind in Whether these courses are offered in a Sunday religious education should exert an influence be- school class, or in a week-day course, or in a home yond the boundary of the campus into the hogan, study hour, the emphasis should be to prepare the the hut or the tepee. . individual for a rapidly adjusting social order. He must learn to think for himself, to meet new situ- In government day schools we have teachers in ations and to make decisions wisely. charge of some 4,600 pupils who live at home and attend school during the day. The grades range from the first through the fifth and occasionally AN INDIAN CHRISTIAN CONVENTION IN SOUTH DAKOTA

Romance and

"~I I By ATALOA of the Chickasaw Tribe ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I NDIANS are not all alike in spite of what most hand, and with your other take away our land?" people believe. Thinking he had discovered The Indian is not a "vanishing race." It is true India or the East Indies, Columbus called the that the picturesque and somewhat romantic char- natives of this western hemisphere "Indians." acter of tribal life is changing because the Indian Historians did not correct him, and so this name is no longer isolated. But the strength of his has become permanently attached to the natives character does not shift so easily as his environ- of America. There were more than three hun- ment. Because his life was simple and natural, dred nations or tribes when Columbus came, and he was not conquered, even though subdued, by today more than two hundred superior numbers and superior little nations and remnants of weapons of the white man. He, nations remain in America. Ataloa, a Chickasaw Indian, has now reached the stage, a These speak many languages is devoting her unusual tal- rather tragic one, where he is and hundreds of dialects. They ents to' work for her people. torn between the old and the do not look alike, nor dress Several years ago, while at- new. His trend will be deter- 'alike, nor do they live in the tending a one-room district mined by his training, and. by same kinds of "houses." There school of the Chickasaw na- his contact with the white is, of course, a strong kinship tion on the Oklahoma prairie, man's civilization. To the race in characteristics, customs and she declined a career on the that has taken the responsibil- traditions, but many stages of concert stage in order that she ity of changing his civilization, development are found when might serve the under privi- he must look for guidance and various tribes are studied. leged members of her race. A help, if the best of his culture rigid college course included a is to be saved for America's It is not my purpose to even degree froltl. the University of sake. suggest the long list of Indian "wrongs," nor to dwell on those Redlands and Columbia Uni- Is it possible for the white pages of history that all want versity. Feeling that Bacone man to conceive and build an to forget who think with a College approached her ideal educational program for the Christian conscience. But I of an institution suited to Indian that does not thrust the appeal to you to save the In- train Christian Indian leaders, white man's culture on him, AtalOa is working with that dian from further exploitation school that she may share and at the same time rob him of his land, money, and his per- with Indian youth the advan- of his own? This question is sonality. It will take just and tages that have come to her. too deep to discuss fully here.

wise deeds to blot out these But of this I feel sure-the only pages. Sentimentality cannot possible hope for the Indian of be substituted for international-mindedness, nor tomorrow is the right kind of education; an edu- can it be substituted for a constructive program cation "from the shoulders up," and not "from the dealing with the Indian. We must have honest shoulders down," as in the past. The reason he men in the Indian Bureau, honest, business-like has not changed the life of the reservations when agents and superintendents on the reservation. he returned from government schools (which We must have just laws and just lawyers to pro- until the last few years only covered the elemen- tect the Indian land titles; we need Christian tary grades), was because no radical difference teachers and neighbors who are willing to teach had been made in him by his contact. We have the Indian a new moral and social code. So not had leaders of men sent to us as teachers and long as the white man talked one way and agents, and leaders have not come back to us. Our lived another, the Indian asked, "Why bring sch'Ools should be a combination of the best that us your 'White Man's Book' (Bible) in one the white man's training can give, together with [409 ]

the best from the Indian's own culture. It is pos- has to lose, or to share in his contact with other sible to work out such a plan if enough interest, races. They are the heritage of all Americans thought, energy, and money are expended. tomorrow and must be kept sacred if they are to serve his ideals. If American boys and girls real- Supplying native leadership is the greatest con- ize that the hundreds of acres of lakes, mountains, tribution that any school can make to the Indian. and rivers have been shared with them by the In- Bacone College, in Muskogee, Oklahoma, the only dians who no longer have free hunting grounds, college for Indians in America, is answering this they may want to share in turn. If youth sees challenge by training for Christian character and leadership. Its curriculum embraces grades from AN INDIAN PRINCESS. ATALOA the kindergarten through junior college. It was founded as a mission school more than half a cen- this truth and assumes the responsibilities, a just tury ago, and is maintained through a small en- relationship with the Indians may follow. When dowment and by some tuition gifts from friends. I started training Indians to serve as counselors Bacone College has courses covering scientific in summer camps, it was only a small group, but farming, poultry raising, and domestic science; tribal arts, songs, and legends are also being pre- it has proven a very happy and successful plan. served. Students are fitted to go into government or other schools to teach. In its earlier years, Now I am placing large groups in summer camps. Bacone College was open to students other than This is a part of my art project at Bacone Home. Indians, and during this period the present Secretary of War, Colonel Hurley, was graduated. Suppose you knew· how to take blades of grass, While he is not an Indian, he has perhaps devel- strips of bark, crushed berry juice, and could put oped an Indian consciousness from his long years of association in Indian territory that will not be lost even in the whirl of national and diplomatic life. More than two hundred and fifty students were turned away last fall for lack of rooms and funds at Bacone. These are more than figures to me; they are hearts that I can see going back over long trails, discouraged, and not facing tomorrow with much hope.

I have wanted to have a workshop for native arts and crafts at Bacone. An Art Lodge is now being constructed on the campus, the gift of a woman who believed in my dream. For the fireplace I am collecting stones from every Indian nation and every historical place (significant to Indians). Perhaps some day you will come and sit by our fireside, and let these rocks tell you the story of a race that is not vanishing.

There are 16,000 summer camps in America which have built their programs around Indian art, ceremonies, dances, and traditions. It seems strange that the very thing the people had marked "uncivilized," they are now taking to "civilize" AmericaIJ, youth. But if American youth is to be saved from the noise of city streets, it must go back to the greatest of all teachers-to nature, and to nature's God. The Indian knew a consistent program of living with nature, and to him educators have turned for ideals and romance. A double responsibility to the Indian is found here. If Indian ceremonials, dances, and folk lore are to be saved from degeneration into the vaudeville and circus type of entertainment, they must be interpreted and taught by someone who knows and feels the sacredness of Indian rites. These spiritual gifts are the last things that the Indian

INDIAN ROMANCE AND REALITY

these together into an exquisite basket, which the Apushamataha, Tecumseh, Chief Joseph, Pio- world calls its most beautiful basket; suppose you mingo, Sequoyah, Samoset, Red Jacket-as well could take clay, mould it, color it, and fire it with as Sacajawea and other Indians who have fol- only the crudest of implements, and the world lowed the trails that lead to the high mountains called this its most beautiful pottery; suppose you of courage and strength. These, as well as Wash- could take raw wool, dye it, and weave your most ington, Lincoln, Roosevelt, and Wilson, are a part sacred thoughts in rainbow tints and sunset hues, of the inspirational heritage of American youth. the flash of lightning, and the dark of thunder, the story of how the world began, and how death To that group of American philanthropists, far- came to be; and-suppose you could take shells, sighted educators and Christian statesmen, whose rocks, feathers, and animal skins and make them eyes are searching for new frontiers of service to into ceremonial robes in which you tried to find humanity, I bring the needs and the contributions the Great Mystery of life; and then-one day, of the First Americans. some people came and took all these things away? They built great buildings for them which they It is this group and not the sentimentalists who called "museums" and "art galleries," but they will blot out the "massacre" pages of American forgot to leave anything in the place of the things history. Will you help us save the strength and they took away. Perhaps you would understand vitality of our old moral codes; the mysticism the crushed hearts and hands of the Indians who and beauty of our old religion; the simplicity did not create beautiful things to be stqred away and naturalness of our old life; the symbolism and in attics with moth balls. uniqueness of our arts and crafts; our music and fine old _traditions? But-teach the Indian to In your great museums I have heard people say, think for himself in the new civilization into "Surely, savages didn't make those beautiful which he has been so quickly thrust. Give us a things !" No, savages did not make them. They better moral and social code, for ours is inadewere made by people who understood the simplic- quate for the new and complex problems we now ity of nature and necessity. If the original arts face. Send us strong Christian leaders who will and crafts of America are to be preserved, they dare to practice the high moral standard which must be taught rather than displayed in museums. the Christ taught. America and other nations are beginning to real- -ize that the Indian art has intrinsic value. May Since we are building a new nation out of the some catch a larger vision than those who took old from many nations, should we not say that the Indian's art away to put in museums. what each brings is the heritage of the other? It is thus that the Indian's heritage is America's. Indians might add to the historian's list of The First American has shared a country, his American statesmen and heroes the names of moral and material traditions. If later Ameri- cans share in turn, the race will not vanish.

The Need of a Missionary Ministry Too many pastors are uninformed and uninterested in missions, both at home and abroad.

They are not informing or interesting the churches they serve. They accept a budget quota, an apportionment, to be raised if possible, but it is all impersonal, bloodless, lifeless. It would take an expert burglar with an extraordinary good set of tools to jimmy his way with a mis- sionary speaker or a missionary program into a Sunday morning service of such a minister.

All honor to those pastors who lead their churches into larger knowledge, fuller fellow- ship, deeper consecration and more devoted cooperation in Christian world-wide work! There are some things in any program, doubtless, which can be criticized, but there are so many things that are worthy and challenging that any church ought to be able to designate its gifts to these objects. – The need for an evangelical, evangelistic, aggressive, optimistic, red-blooded, forward- looking, Christ-centered ministry is here. The world needs such a ministry, the churches need such a ministry-a ministry, loyal to Christ, loyal to His Word, loyal to the denomina- tion which they serve, ready to meet conditions in the home, the city, the State, ready to spend and be spent in seeking to get the Gospel believingly into the hearts of men and women and applied in business, social, civic, national and international affairs, and sent on its way to the ends of the earth. W. L. FERGUSON, D. D.

V ieVs of Missions to

.. :l} By W. DAVID OWL, Iroquois, New York A Native Cherokee Minister Among Six Nations A NY one who is acquainted with the progress votion to high ideals than that offered by the Indian .I".of the American Indian and who has a sym- missions. Some of the missionaries were of noble blood and had renounced titles and estates to engage in the pathetic understanding of the struggles of work; most of them were of finished scholarship and rethis people to reach a position where they could fined habit, and nearly all were of such exceptional ability enjoy the finer things which the nation has to as to have commanded attention in any community and offer, will not hesitate to register a tribute for to have possessed themselves of wealth and reputation the civilizing influence of Christian missionary had they so chosen; yet they deliberately faced poverty work for the Indians. and suffering, exile and oblivion, ingratitude, torture and death itself in the hope that some portion of a darkened Men and women who felt peculiarly and divine- world might be made better through their effort. ly commissioned to carry a message of God to this people have been sent to Indian tribes everywhere American Indians surely have received a pricewithin the borders of the United States, regard- less heritage from the hosts of saintly souls who less of their isolated location or nomadic habits. have gone among them doing good. We are the Every Indian now understands the meaning of the heirs of a genuine sacrificial spirit. Cross and what it symbolizes, though everyone may not be able to explain the intricate systems of The evangelization of the Indian has depended faith and organization which cluster about the cen- on two main policies and features of the work. tral theme. Pioneering missionaries have taken to On the one hand many missionaries have insisted the Indians in all parts of the country the story of that Christian Indians must sever themselves en- Christ; they have enlisted new converts to help tirely from the aboriginal practices. Native dress carry forward the program of the Church-heal- is discarded, participation in the feasts and cereing the sick, comforting the afflicted, supplying monials is prohibited; even occasional full Indian encouragement for purer living, and the building dress entertainment is discouraged and there is a of better and happier homes. To the native be- complete separation from the plumed and decoliefs in the "Great Spirit" the Christian mission- rative features of Indian life. These missionaries aries have added the fresher and more buoyant teach the Indian that in becoming disciples of faith in a personal Heavenly Father and in a Jesus the old life must be buried or entirely subfriendly universe. ordinated, and that the traditional racial back- ground cannot be trusted to form any part of In- The work has been supported by the generous dian religious loyalties. Secular education and gifts of missionary-minded white people in many contacts have tempered this process of remaking churches. Rich and poor, by their interest and the Indian in such a way that Indians themselves gifts, have quietly and prayerfully supplied vast have realized that they have something-construcspiritual resources and power, without which tive to contribute to American Christianity. there could be no front lines and no unique examples of self-sacrifice. Other missionaries recognize that the Chris- tian Indian is definitely in possession of certain Where long residence on one field has been pos- racial traits and characteristics which may well sible the progress of the tribe has been steady and be used as allies of the Christian faith and life. respondent with the Christian achievement. One This attitude toward the finer heritage of the of the finest tributes ever paid these faithful racial past permits the younger members of the champions of the Indian was made by the late race to cherish the romantic background so much James Mooney, ethnologist representing the loved by people the world over. They find in the Smithsonian Institution, who spent the greater Indian religious systems a reverence for the creportion of his life defending and encouraging na- ative genius of an invisible Being and they distive Indian ceremonials. Though not an enthusiast cover that the worship of that Being is often sinfor missions, yet he set down this beautiful cerely entered into during certain seasonal cere- monies which serve as a practical outlet of appretribute: ciation and thanksgiving.

In the four centuries of American history there is no Other vital Indian traits, such as hospitality more inspiring chapter of heroism, self-sacrifice and de- [412 ] and generosity, are used by the missionary to ize their own ability to share the opportunities ofserve not only in the restricted religious sense fered in every field of endeavor. This is naturally but in the larger social and economic contacts as more true of the advanced students than of unwell. This approach helps to preserve some of the schooled residents of the reservation. The spirit finer racial characteristics, increases race pride of unrest and desire for change is not so much and keeps alive some of the sacred traditions and against native traditions and customs, nor against customs which are rapidly vanishing into the un- the unprogressive members, rather, it is directed known. at the whole Indian situation. The Indian office of the Go~ernment, which is the legal guardian of the The following narrative shows how Indian gen- Indian wards, becomes the target for criticism erosity may be lifted out of its native setting and from erratic exponents of dissatisfaction, but the placed within the category of self-surrender and Christian enterprise also receives its share of verstewardship. During a meeting around an Indian bal pommeling. A queer psychology, very much camp fire, which a missionary was conducting, an akin to divine discontent, seems to take possession elderly man is said to have given his testimony in of these young Indians. It is in part the result of these words: the institutional and political control to which most Indians have been subjected during the last "I have listened to what you have spoken and it three decades. This attitude on the part of Inmakes me feel good inside," patting himself on the dians themselves has retarded the growth of bosom. Christianity among Indians more than any other acquired trait. When the student element of the A few days later the same Indian came to the race neglects to vitalize their own institutions, or missionary with the finest blanket he .possessed when they shun the enrichment of their native culand, handing it to him, said: "I give you this be- ture, the loss is truly great. But when spiritual cause you make me feel good inside." skepticism is allowed to seep into the life of the student body, the loss is even greater. It amounts The reply from the understanding missionary to spiritual race suicide. was: "Not enough." Scores of Indians of every tribe have been lead The Indian was puzzled and departed, but re- to expect something for nothing rather than to turned with his rifle. earn their own living and to create material and spiritual possessions for themselves. The fact "I give you," he said, "because you make me feel that only a few Indian churches are self-sustaingood inside." ing and only a few are benevolent-minded is not wholly the fault of the Indians. Missionaries and The answer was the same, "Not enough." government agents have sometimes encouraged The next time he came on the finest pony he them to "eat, sleep, and sit on the floor," by not could find. "I give you because you make me feel giving them anything they could do well, or by good inside," were his earnest words. not developing in them a sense of personal ambi- But the missionary again replied, "Not enough." tion to accomplish something difficult. Indians, Then the Indian rode away slowly, confused and like other peoples, catch a heavenly vision only as extremely perplexed. The missionary began to they begin with the improvement of the inner life. feel that perhaps he was making the Christian Every forward looking Christian Indian is a perlife too difficult and complicated for the Indian. sonal testimony to the enduring worth and the up- Finally, however, the Red Man returned empty lifting influence of missions to Indians. Thousands handed, with a lighter step and with a new light of these Christian Indians are scarcely ever heard in his eyes. Without a moment's hesitation he of because they are engaged in the serious busifell at the feet of the missionary, who was satis- ness of quietly earning an honest living, and infied and said, "Enough." cidently are making a better world. The average Missions to rural Indians, like mission schools, have always imparted something vital to those American is not interested in them. They disapwho came within their influence. As one travels point the thrill seeking tourists who, from childover the Indian country visiting their homes, see- hood days, have longed to see the noble Red Man, ing them at work and hearing of their Christian living like a savage in his native habitat. When heroism in the midst of the moral and social quick- these ·tourists discover that Indians live in comsands of reservation life, the impression that fortable and sanitary homes, in place of tepees; Christian work among Indians is not in .vain reg- that they eat wholesome foods, wear clean clothes, isters indelibly with the choicest loyalties of life. raise beautiful, healthy and intelligent children, The few, however, and not the masses have fully and even speak correctly the English language, experienced the satisfactions and joys that accom- then the romantic name "Indian" loses its charm. pany the true Christian life. Indians are like other Americans in their desires and hopes, and, when given the same advantages of education and environment, there are increasingly members of the race who come to real-

The present generation of American Indian them solve their problems by keeping them at youth should not be disheartened in their efforts work so that they may become self-supporting, to educate themselves. They need more than ever self-dependent, respectable citizens in the com- to rely on the friendly assistance of the Christian munity. With the influence he has gained the mis- missionary. When they become American citizens sionary can do a wonderful work in helping his they cannot depend upon their race membership struggling brother the Red Man. The best way to to sustain them or give to them victory over their help is by setting the proper example, giving an environment. There must be lodged in the hearts encouraging word, and showing the importance of of all Indians those spiritual resources upon which raising good gardens, poultry and cows. The mis- the pilgrims of every race have depended through sionary comes in contact with the returned stu- the centuries and which the Christian missionaries dents and can help them solve their problems. He have been sharing with them through the years. can visit their homes and encourage them in clean- liness. He can exchange ideas with them, sympa- TESTIMONY OF A SIOUX thize with them, try to understand them and know I am a Sioux, born and raised on the Sisseton the conditions of the individual families in the Reservation. From my own experience and from community. what I have learned through the older Indians The Indians look upon the missionaries as their who were leaders of different bands, and who have only true friends so that they have a wonderful had considerable experience with the missionaries, opportunity to help the government solve the In- I am convinced that the missionaries have been dian problem. SIMON J. KIRK.

friendly mediators between the Indians and the ANOTHER INDIAN'S VIEWPOINT government. They have also exerted great influ- ence in bringing about a better understanding be- Pima Indians were very superstitious, ruled by tween the Indians and the white people. They the medicine man who claimed to have power to have sympathized with them, often helping make kill and make alive. We had chiefs and sub- peace, assisting in treaty making, and have chiefs, but when sickness broke in, the medicine formed the intermediate step between the savage man was chief of chiefs. I remember, when a and civilization. Their influence helps maintain little boy, the chiefs and elders of the people met peace and friendly relations with other people. at my father's house to tell the old story of cre- The missionaries have also put the Dakota lan- ation-in wintertime. They told the story, sang, guage into writing and have taught the Dakotas and repeated their poetry. No one in the audi- to read and write. In this way they have enabled ence was allowed to sleep. They cleansed them- them to study books that have been translated. selves before starting the story; afterwards they This has induced them to seek more education and washed and stayed clean four days; eating no has made a number of fine leaders among their meat, salt, or fish; alone in the bushes, with paints own people. on their faces, fasting. In this story the Indians The missionaries have won the confidence of for many years expressed their traditions, relig- the Dakotas who believe with their whole hearts ious beliefs, customs, ways of living.

that these white people are their true friends. The Then came the Rev. Charles H. Cook. The in- Dakota people have the utmost confidence in the terpreter was poor and at first the Indians did missionaries and appreciate their friendship. not understand the new religion. After twelve They have always depended upon the missionaries years, the first convert, Manual, was won and with to guide them in their dealings with the govern- his converted father, became a great help. As ment, and in their tribal and public affairs. The the work grew Dr. Cook called us young Indians missionary can talk to the Indian in his own lan- to be helpers-Edward Jackson, Thomas Lewis, guage. Horace Williams. We were happy in the harvest The Dakota people used to be provided with fields. At his house every Wednesday we studied cattle, horses, clothing and rations every two the Bible and talked about what we had been do- weeks. They were happy and prospered but now ing in the fields. He said, "Young men follow they are confronted with new problems, for they me, as I follow Christ; obey God's voice."

are thrown upon their own resources. The cattle, As the Gospel spread he built three Indian horses and rations are gone and they are required churches which are still standing today. He never to make their own living on their allotments by bossed the work, but worked with us in the mud tilling the soil. If the Indian ever needed a friend with sleeves rolled up. He never complained if and a spiritual guide in his daily life it is right anything did not go right. He taught us to be now. open-handed, ready to give to the poor. His The missionaries have already secured the con- clothes were usually patched. He died poor, but fidence of the Dakota people and are able to help his treasure was laid up in Heaven. One wonderful thing I will never forget. When ates are a great help to the churches as Sunday the first twelve converts met at Casa Blanca, at a school superintendents, teachers, and preachers. faithful woman's place, they made their pledge to They work among many tribes-Pimas, Maribe clean like the Great Teachers. They would have copas, Mohaves, Apaches, Navajos, Papagos, Cono part in heathen dances, in gambling, in horse manches, Yaquis, Mexicans. Four ordained minraces, foot races, in Indian games and sports; no isters have come from that Bible School and its inpart in drinking strong drinks; no part in smok- fluence is felt in all our Indian churches. ing tobacco. They kept their pledge and led many Indians to cleanness of life. We expect and pray that in days to come the Spirit of the Lord will cover the Indian land as Dr. Cook greatly desired to have a Bible school water covers the seas. to train young Indians for leadership. He said the Rev. George Logie will be in charge of the By HORACE WILLIAMS, Phoenix, Arizona. work and in 1911 the Charles H. Cook Bible Pima Indian, age 66; long an assistant to Dr.' Cook. School was started. Now its students and gradu- Missionary among Pimas and Maricopas at Lehi.

A Missionary VieV of the Problem '411 By the REV. A. F. JOHNSON, Mitchell, South Dakota ]~.. Presbyterian Missionary to the Dakota (Sioux) Indians T HE Indian problem is the offspring of un- izes the entire organization, and a reflex action is familiarity with the actual local conditions. manifested also in the home. The church is The wonders of this giant's domain furnish necessarily the community center, and the scene readable magazine articles and thrilling platform of a varied number of welfare activities. Many orations. As a result, enthused investigators rush local congregations of these Dakota mission to the Indian reservations-and they always find churches have been inspired to construct guild what they seek, unless, perchance, the monster has houses, beside their houses of worship, for these outgrown their preconceived ideal. secular activities.

But is it fair play to the Indian to thus exhibit The responsibility for these meetings is assumed our brother man as a curiosity to the nation? by the Dakotas themselves, so that it becomes an Everybody knows that deplorable conditions exist, institution of the people, by the people, and for but we plead for a more normal attitude in apply- the people. Local leadership is evident, but the ing the needed remedy. We shall have an Indian leaders have forgotten they are Indians. This is problem to solve just as long as we insist upon not a theory for discussion, but a narrative of treating the Indian as an Indian. Conditions call present-day affairs. for a simplified program providing for the development of an independent manhood. Let us vis- Last summer the Dakota Presbyterian churches ualize him as a man, and forget that he is a of Montana heard much about a wonderful evan- "ward." gelistic campaign held by Dr. Billy Sunday in a nearby town of Havre, Montana. They decided to Originally, the Indian welcomed the commerce have evangelistic services in all their churches. of the white man; adopted his citizenship and re- A special evangelist was impossible as they had ligion; and willingly signed a treaty of peace. no funds. Despite an unusually severe drought Progress seemed assured until suddenly the In- last summer, and the consequent depression, an dian problem injected itself from some unknown Evangelistic Committee was selected to cooperate source and assumed command. Economic inde- with their general missionary from South Dakota, pendence is an outstanding local factor in the his- with all available local help. Special evangelistic tory of all the live, helpful churches of the Dakota meetings were conducted in each of the eight local (or Sioux) Mission. These churches, whose mem- churches; large congregations were in attendance, bers have experienced a transformation of char- and much interest was manifested in things spiracter and are radiating a divine light to the sur- itual. It was a genuine revival. Participation in rounding community, have had a historical back- responsibility for home affairs is of even greater ground of sacrificial giving which has developed importance when the intricate and vexing problem a personal independence and a resourcefulness of moral and social difficulties has to be solved. reaching forward towards self-support. This per- The people themselves can help to save a home, sonal proprietorship in the institution revolution- or an individual, from ruin.

A Good Indian

..:{ By the REV. HARRY H. TREAT, Anadarko, Okla. I~·· SUPERINTENDENT J. A. BUNTIN'S term of ways maintained that the basis of civilization is a service ended officially at Kiowa Agency on home for each family, properly planned outside March 31, as an employee under the Indian and inside, within reach of employment so that the family may earn a creditable living, and ad- Department, according to the rule passed by Con- jacent to church and school facilities. gress relating to men and women in Indian serv- The Indian population has increased twenty ice who reach the age of sixty-five years. . per cent in ten years and they have improved their John A. Buntin has seen many great changes home and living conditions. Mr. Buntin has endeavored to teach the Indians during his period of service. During the past ten the sound business principle that men and women years at the Kiowa Agency approximately 900 in the prime of life cannot afford to sell their property to get funds for living expenses, but homes, with many outbuildings, have been con- should support themselves through profitable em- ployment. He believes that, with continued superstructed, or rebuilt, for the Indian families so that, vision of the Indians by the government, mission- aries, and other good citizens, the task of educatwhile formerly they lived in tepees or huts, today ing, Christianizing and uplifting the Indians will be accomplished and they will ultimately become eighty-five per cent of them have reasonably good self-sustaining, self-respecting American citizens.

homes, well screened against flies and mosquitoes, a good water supply and sanitary arrangements.

The number of families working gardens and field crops and raising poultry has increased. The work of the women in housekeeping, sewing and canning has been excellent. Mr. Buntin has al- A Government Agent"s VieV .:{ I By JOHN ALLEN BUNTIN A Government Agent's Testimony ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ M ANY of the leading missionaries have rec- mISSIOnaries, looking after the spiritual welfare ognized the impracticability of separating of the Red Man. the work of Christianizing the Indians from supplying their needs in education, health, About as large a proportion of true Christians providing them with homes, outbuildings, water are found among the seven tribes of Indians of supplies, and employment. Many of the mission- the Kiowa Reservation as would be found among aries have not only taught the Indians religion the same number of average white citizens of the but have done much to promote the agricultural United States. The views and conduct of the and industrial activities and to improve their liv- Christian Indians on marriage, divorce, morality, ing conditions. gambling and right living, will average notice- ably better than among the non-Christians. I have spent nearly thirty-nine years as a government employee in the Indian Service in various A large part of the homes are well furnished positions. About twenty-eight years on the Kiowa and neatly kept by the Indian women. Their ad- Reservation near Anadarko, Oklahoma, in school vancement in farmi~ig, gardening, poultry raisand reservation work in close contact with the ing, home economics and Christian life, has been Christian missionaries. During the past ten years correspondingly good. For the splendid progress of my Indian Service, I held the position of Super- these Indians have made under government suintendent of the Kiowa Reservation and had, un- pervision, the missionaries are entitled to much der my supervision, 136 government employees credit, especially the progress made in Christianand seven tribes, containing 5,725 Indians. Work- ity. The Indians have been particularly fortunate ing among these were nine white and six Indian in having excellent cooperation between their mis- sionaries and the government employees.

[416 ]

T-wice Born Indians I Have Kno-wn

J!:.. By the REV. BRUCE KINNEY, D. D., Denver, Colo. Director of Indian Missions, American Baptist Home Mission Society W HITE ARM is a Crow Indian who thirty the difference this influence had made in his peo- years ago had never heard of the Gosp~l. ple. He became a Christian and for years led an In fact it is not known that any of hIS exemplary life. He was elected a deaco~ an~ c0.uld tribe was then living the Christian life. When he be seen serving the Lord's Supper wIth dIgnIty.

first heard the story of Jesus it sounded good to GOTEBO, long a Kiowa warrior, standing on a him; he gave up his allotment for the use of the chair at a great meeting, speaks to more than a missionary and took another not as valuable. Sev- thousand Indians of different tribes assembled toeral years passed before he could make up his gether. Holding up a walking cane, he says, mind to walk in the Jesus Road. Finally he went "When I cut this stick in the forest it was so to a great convention with the missionary and crooked that it looked as though it could never be was so impressed that he accepted Christ. Some made straight. I wet it and twisted and bent it Indians there, not of his own tribe, helped him to and put it in the sun. Then, after it had been in understand the Gospel by means of the sign lan- a vise for a long time, I whittled and polished it. guage. Now see how fine and smooth it is. White Arm was asked, through an interpreter, You see me. I led a crooked life for a long how he knew that he was a Christian. The Indian has a habit of thinking before he talks much on time. I used to go on the raid with my tribe and any important matter-not a bad habit. After would attack an Indian camp or a white settleconsidering he told the following experience: ment and plunder it. When I found a sleeping baby of an enemy I would grab it by the heel and "I knew I had a bad heart. It was not neces- throw it into the air and catch it on the point of sary for the missionary to tell me that. But I did my spear. Then Jesus took me in His hands and not know how to get rid of it. The missionary told me to pray to Jesus and He would give me a twisted me. How it did hurt at times! Finally new heart. I prayed and prayed but it did not he made me straight enough so that I could walk seem to do any good. I believed the missionary in the Jesus way. Then Jesus took me in. I was would not tell me a crooked story so I kept on a wicked man. I do not see how Jesus could for- give a man like me but He did and He will forgive praying. It was like a dark room, no windows, no light. I could not see. I kept on praying and you if you will follow him. When I was young all of a sudden, just like a man strikes a match, I never heard of the Jesus Road and the forgive- ness of Jesus. Perhaps that was some excuse for I could see." me. But you have heard it so that now you have White Arm had never read God's Word in any no excuse. Don't put it off longer but take Him language. He had never heard "The entrance of thy word giveth light," and other similar pass- today." ages. But this untutored pagan described in his own language the change that had taken place in *** his soul. JOHN FROST, another Crow Indian, had only *** gone through seven grades of education but when he was converted he at once began to preach. He had never even read the Bible but a good woman BUFFALO MEAT was a Southern Cheyenne war- who knew her Book, taught him to apply himself rior who led his people in the "last outbreak" of and before long he was given charge of a station that tribe against the white man. He was con- among his own people. He has accomplished more sidered so dangerous that, when he was captured, for his Lord than many a college and seminary he was taken in chains and kept a prisoner in the graduate with long training. Listen to him plead fortress at St. Augustine, Florida, lest he incite with an Indian congregation. .

his people to new wars. When finally he was re- "At one time'," he said, "all of us worshipped leased a mission had been established near his the eagle. Some part of his body was good medi- home and his keen mind was not long in detecting cine to us. Not long ago when I was visiting up [417 ]

in the mountains, at the home of a Christian one time professorial lecturer in two medical col- friend of mine, who did not worship the eagle, I leges in Chicago. He was devotedly interested in saw that he and his boys had caught a young the Indians, their civilization and in Christian eagle and had chained it to a small platform. I work among them.

told him that he ought to let it go free for God *** meant it to soar in the clouds and not be tied down. CHIEF LEFT HAND, a war chief of the Southern After some talk they cut it loose, but it did not Arapaho, was converted late in life. He made a seem to know that it was free to fly. It walked touching Jesus talk at the Northern Baptist Conaround eating scraps of meat that had been out of vention in Oklahoma City in 1908. As he sat down its reach. They tried to scare it away but it would a white haired old preacher arose and said, not go. Finally one of the boys took off his coat "Forty-four years ago I lived in Denver and enand whipped it. It looked surprised and then listed in the army to fight the Indians then on the tried its wings and was off. It soared in the air war path. At the battIe of Big Sandy, Left Hand and finally lighted on the topmost peak of a near- led the Arapahos. I sought his blood that day, but by mountain. That is like a lot of our own people. today I am his blood brother in Jesus Christ, our They live tied down to earth by sin, eating scraps Lord." These words created a profound sensaof food that they can pick up by the way. They tion so that the great audience called the preacher do not know that Jesus has paid the price to set to the platform and those two old men, one time them free from sin, but some are finally startled warriors and enemies on the field of battle, eminto action. They find that they are really free braced each other with joy. That is what the and raise their wings to fly aloft." Gospel does for the Red Man, and for the white *** man too. Bob Burdette, describing this scene to one who had not witnessed it said: "It impressed SHERMAN COOLIDGE, a full blooded Northern me so much that I believe I will be telling that story over and over again after I have been in Arapaho Indian, was found by General Coolidge heaven a million years."

on the battlefield. The general adopted him and *** in due time sent him to school. Later he was grad- HuGO BONNAHA, a full blooded Yavapai, has uated from college and from Seabury Divinity some education. He found Jesus Christ as his Saviour and for many years was a faithful em- School, was ordained a priest in the Protestant ployee in the smelter at Clarkdale, Arizona, win- ning the confidence of white and Indian employees. Episcopal Church, and served as a missionary to For several years he studied under a nearby white pastor five or six times a week, and for three years his own tribe for almost twenty years. He be- now he has devoted his whole time to Christian came a rector of a white congregation, and was work. He has two organized churches and drives thousands of miles seeking otherwise neglected advanced to the position of Canon in the Episco- groups of Indians.

pal Cathedral of Denver where he served until his *** death in January, 1932. His story is told in Who's Who. He was known far and wide for his gentle Christian spirit, fine ideals and earnest purpose td serve his Lord.

*** DR. CARLOS MONTEZUMA, a full blooded Apache, Time and space limitations do not allow me to was captured by the Pima Indians when he was tell of David Owl (Cherokee), Gabe Parker (Cher- about a year old and was sold to a white man for okee) , Henry Roe Cloud (Winnebago), Arthur thirty dollars. This man took him to his home in Parker (Seneca), Ruth Muskrat Bronson, Ruth the middle west and treated him like a son. The Hicks, Richard Aitson and other outstanding In- first language he knew was English and, as he dians who have done great things for God and proved very bright, his friend gave him educa- humanity because of their love for Jesus Christ.

tional advantages. In 1884, at the age of seven- A great host are graduating from schools and col- teen, he was graduated from the University of Illi- leges or are taking graduate work to fit them for nois as Bachelor of Science. He studied medicine, teaching, preaching and other forms of useful was graduated, married a white woman and set- service, all in the name of Christ. One such teach- tled in Chicago where he became an active member er wrote: "For a long time I was in doubt what I of the First Baptist Church. In 1918 when the should do. Today, in this government Indian "flu" got into the Baptist Missionary Training school, I have 100 young Indians in my classes in School, Dr. Montezuma was asked to take charge the regular day school and in Sunday school. I and, although nearly every one of the faculty and have found my life work and when I see their students numbering sixty-five contracted that dis- eager brown faces looking up into mine, I am ease which carried off so many thousands, he did thrilled at the opportunities to lead them into bet- not lose a single case. Dr. Montezuma was at ter ways."

Who Have Made

AN APACHE WHO STOOD THE TEST being forsaken by friends. A refusal would be Some Indians have made good as farmers; some proof that he had adopted the white man's relias interpreters; others as gardeners and fruit gion. The Indians were willing to pay all exgrowers; many more have acquired cattle in herds. penses, but he would not yield to their entreaty But among the Apache Indians who has made or even to their threats. He confessed his faith good with God or by the grace of God? A number in Christ and told the Apache Indians repeatedly, of Apache Christians come to mind, among them "I know in whom I believe. Be it unto me as He Cecil Haozous down in Arizona. wills, I am content. You cannot shake my convic- tion. I trust in Him above all things. His prom- When he returned to the San Carlos Indian ises are sure." His wife also confessed with him, Reservation from Hampton Institute, where he nursing him day and night for over two years. had attended school after his preliminary training They also brought their four children to the Lord on the reservation, he quickly became a leader in Holy Baptism. Thus Cecil Haozous, Apache Inamong his people. It was his wish to help bring dian of old San Carlos, Arizona, made good. the Apache to greater advancement, industrially and socially. In a short time he was the leading ALF M. UPLEGGER, speaker in tribal councils and enjoyed the confi~ Lutheran Apache Mission, Globe, Arizona.

dence of his fellow~tribesmen to such an extent A LITTLE INDIAN CRIPPLE that he was chosen chief representative of the San Little Esther, a child in a southern California Carlos Apache Indians and was sent by the tribe mission Indian home, was crippled from birth. It to Washington to confer with the Commissioner seems sad to be so handicapped but "Never have of Indian Affairs in regard to the allotment of I had greater encouragement in forty years of land and cattle to the Indians. His quest for his missionary experience than from this crippled people was not realized, and disappointed he had little girl," said the late Rev. W. H. Weinland, a to seek means of support off the reservation. Moravian missionary among the southern Cali- The vibration of a compressed air rock drill, fornia Indians. The child had to be carried everywhich he was handling when he was inj ured while working on the construction of the highway to where and so drew out more of the love and sym- Horse Mesa Dam, was too much for him. Though pathy from her parents than a normal child. treated with medical and hospital care, his consti~ These Christian parents practically never missed tution had suffered such nervous shock that he church from the time their baby was old enough was brought back to the reservation an invalid. to go for she grew to love the worship in God's He never fully recovered. At times he rallied and house so much that she insisted on being taken hope revived that he might help his people. But every Sunday. With rapt attention she listened when strength failed he asked: "With my people with wide-eyed interest to the sermons of her bemaking no material advancement, and I wanting loved missionary pastor and was able to discuss to serve them, with my family needing my support the sermon at home. Her bright face, sparkling -why must I lie here unable to do anything?" eyes and intelligent listening attitude was a great encouragement to pastor, parents and other wor- God knew how to prepare a chosen vessel for shippers. His service. The wasting plague consumed him more and more and for a long time his faithful Esther helped form a Junior Ladies Aid among and devoted wife, his aunt, the government phy~ the girls of the congregation and this was the sician, his missionary pastor and his wife were cause of not a little stimulation to the mothers and the only ones who paid any attention to him. sisters. Even the men were stimulated to more Finally his kinsfolk and fellow~tribesmen realized loyal service for their church by the courage and that the life of their spokesman was slowly ebbing ever present smile of this cheerful embodiment of away. the Master's Gospel of good cheer.

Then his faith was put to the firetest. Uncon~ G. F. WEINLAND. verted Indians came begging him to yield to old YELLOW BIRD-A CHIPPEWA INDIAN Indian religious custom and tradition. They in- One day when Osawepenas, a Chippewa Indian sisted that the best so-called Indian medicine men boy, living on ·the Flathead Reservation in Mon- practice their witchcraft over him. He knew that tana, was six, he chanced to see his great aunt refusal meant the scorn of all so-called "good" In- with a book in her hand.

dians in the tribe. It meant ridicule. It meant "What are you doing, grandmother?" he asked.'

[419 ]

"I am reading a book," she answered. sociation, who won his interest and admiration by "What is that?" came a second question. kindly acts in a time of sickness and death of a In her simple Indian fashion the great aunt child. showed the boy how a book was able to speak to those who were able to read. Through the consecrated efforts and earnest That day a new school was opened with one prayers of Mr. Burroughs, Malcolm Mitchell was pupil and this good old grandmother as teacher. induced to act as interpreter at the Christian She taught Osawepenas ("Yellow Bird") the first services and eventually gave his life to the service principles of the Cree syllabic system which re- of Christ. He says: minds one of shorthand. That Spring the teacher left with a band of Indians for a long trip across "I did not like to stand up by the side of the the Rockies, but before leaving she tore a number missionary and preach his sermons in Cree. My of leaves fmm her book, bound them together in a friends made fun of me and called me 'the preachrawhide cover and gave her pupil the key to the er,' but I could not refuse the missionary who had Cree system and the parable of the prodigal son, been so kind in our sorrow. I felt that I could not so that he might study in her absence. interpret well enough and after every service I de- Late in the Fall when the Indians returned from cided not to go near the mission again; but the their long trip, Osawepenas could scarcely wait next Sunday I found myself there. I could not for his family to visit the aged aunt. He was the stay away, though I did not like the job. It 'was first to greet her, exclaiming with a voice of tri- hard to find the right word and the missionary umph, "Grandmother! I can read!" She expressed had to stop many times to explain words to me. great delight and surprise when she found he was Then I began to pray to God for help. My wife able to read. But there was nothing to read except and I both prayed during the week and on my way occasional letters from friends of the family. His to church on Sundays I prayed that God would teacher had taught him all she knew and shared help me to say the right word. All at once I nowith him her library of one book. ticed a great change. God was helping me. Now it is easy for me to interpret and I like to do it." *** Malcolm Mitchell is now considered one of the At the age of fourteen (in 1904) Osawepenas best and most accurate interpreters. He has a began to work for a white rancher. "I often think good memory and a mind that is quick and alert. of my first white boss," he said later. "He was so It seldom becomes necessary to explain a new word different from other white men that I thought he a second time-remarkable for a man who has was funny, but I liked him because he was kind. never had the advantage of an education. Eager He always prayed at the table and I thought he to learn and prepare himself for greater usefulwas a little foolish. When we were working to- ness among his people, he has followed a course of gether and I mixed up my English with dirty and study under the direction of the missionaries, swear-words, he would stop working and look me looking toward his appointment as a lay reader, right in the eye and say: 'Yellow Bird, that is a and eventually to the ministry. bad word, don't use it.' I thought that English had to have those extra words to make it sound When Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell became Christians good, for everybody spoke that way exceptillg my they encountered much criticism and ridicule from boss. So I learned to speak two kinds of English. the other Indians. When they suffered sickness The one I used when with my boss and the other or some adversity a neighbor was sure to tell them when away from him. Later I learned that there that the affliction was the result of their connecwere two kinds of white people-something that is tion with the mission. Their faith was severely very hard for my people to learn." tested but they remained true. Today they are respected and honored by all and the Indians have If all who have come into contact with the In- chosen Mr. Mitchell as their official interpreter and dians during the past four hundred years had elected him president of the Indian Council. They been of such a character as this white rancher, seek his advice and judgment in many matters. the story of the Red Man would be far brighter He is also the honored judge of the Indian Court in the annals of American history. in which capacity he wields a strong and whole- some influence. He carries the United States mail In 1917 Osawepenas relinquished his rights on over the star route between Rocky Boy and Box the Blackfeet Reservation from which tribe he had Elder. taken a wife. They were enrolled with the Rocky Boy band recently established in the Bear Paw Mr. Mitchell has been connected with the mis- Mountains in Montana. He had taken a new name sion almost from its beginning and has grown to and is now better known as Malcolm Mitchell. At be an integral part in all its activities. In him the Rocky Boy he came in contact with Rev. E. D. missionary has a most loyal and faithful sup- Burroughs, missionary of the National Indian As- porter. His advice and judgment are solicited on all new projects and are rendered most humbly.

INDIANS WHO HAVE MADE GOOD

He and his good wife have a fine Christian home lived for· hundreds of years. When he was sixand their value to the Church in her missionary teen, he tried to take part in the Napikeh, the endeavors at Rocky Boy cannot be estimated. so-called sun dance, for he wanted not only to be like the young men but to excel them as good The REV. WILLIAM H. GABLE, Rocky Boy, Montana, fighters, "he-men." They wanted to pass the tor- Missionary of the United Lutheran Church. ture tests that would give them repute as brave and patriotic. After fasting two days and nights, THE STORY OF SITTING CROW hunger got the better of Sitting Crow for a time. Peditska Amakish ("Sitting Crow") was born Later he entered the arbor, made of posts ,and in 1861 at the old Fish-hook village (Fort Ber- poles and green boughs, with a shaggy, gory head thold). The Mandans, the Hidatsas, and the Rees of a buffalo on a high pole in the center. A dry had come to live there together. At eight years buffalo skull was on a mound of dirt at the side of age, he was a little boy, hunting birds and go- opposite the entrance. Naked men daubed with phers with a bow and arrowS. He was a grand- white clay, with eagle feathers hanging down their backs, danced about. For three days and SITTING CROW- A CHRISTIAN INDIAN nights they had been sitting before their totems in the arbor without food or drink. Now they son of the old Mandan chief Red Cow and a danced and blew whistles made of goose bones. A nephew of Itenape, a son of the chief. So by band of older men chanted to the rhythm of drum birth he was in line for leadership in his tribe. beats. Soon they had to rest, then they danced again. A leader danced back and forth between His uncle Itenape, "One-who-turns-away-his- the head and the skull till he fell. Then he reface," was of a reticent habit, but though shy, vived and danced again till he fell again, revived had broken away from his Indian life and gone and danced again till at last he lay in unconsciousnine hundred miles down the Missouri River with ness. General C. H. Howard and spent a year in the home of Dr. Alfred L. Riggs. He was not a Chris- One of the dancers stepped out to the middle. tian, but when the first missionaries came among It was Sitting Crow. An older man slit the flesh his people in 1876 he was a friend and interpreter. of his back, inserted a wooden skewer, tied a raw hide to the skewer and fastened the other end to Sitting Crow was at that time a boy of fifteen, the nostrils of the buffalo .head. Sitting Crow but the attitude of this uncle, twenty years older, danced, jerking at the cord, while men chanted who · still clung to his tribal inheritance, did and whistles blew. A crowd of men, women, and not seem to have had any effect on the lad. children watched from outside the booth. He He was a part of the life which Mandan boys had rushed in a circle and wound himself around the poh~, howling and with eyes fixed on the bloody head. He reversed and wound the other way. Then he fainted. Did he see a spirit which would give him success in hunting or fighting Or driv- ing away the evil spirit that caused sickness? Others believed that they saw a spirit embodied in some animal form, a bear, a hawk, an eagle, or a snake, and got help to win honors, to be pa- triotic and aid the tribe. Sitting Crow went away to sleep and to be fed soup when he awoke. · When he was eighteen years old, his father urged him to go and seek his protecting spirit on a hill across the Missouri River from the Indian village. Sitting Crow went in December, without food or drink for three days. He crawled into a hole in the side of the bluff, like a coyote. On the third night, he fell into a sleep of exhaustion and was rewarded with a dream. A man came and gave him an eagle feather. Then he went home, wondering what the interpretation would be. Some time after this an uncle who had gone to live with the Crow-Flies-High band of Hidatsas at Fort Buford, one hundred miles up the river,

came to visit and Sitting Crow went back with enty. The grip of the old ideas and customs of him. While he was at Fort Buford a roving band half a century ago was not at once shaken off. of Sioux drove off a bunch of the Hidatsas' horses Even now he has a scalp lock and the stuffed skin and Sitting Crow was with a party which chased of an enemy's hand among his treasures. His the enemy. He succeeded in striking one of the father left them to him. Remember the shell Sioux with a stick which was more glory than cases, helmets, swords, and masks our white solkilling with a shot at a distance. dier boys brought from France, and the cannon on the lawn in a peaceful park. Such souvenirs Thus Sitting Crow earned the right to wear his persist, though they might better be "for burning, first eagle feather – his croix-de-guerre – his for fuel of fire," or melted into harvesters now that we look for the "Prince of Peace." medal. In 1884, when Sitting Crow was twenty, herds Sitting Crow found it hard to stand up and be independent under the new order which destroyed of buffalo had become scarce, but he went on two the old means of living. But he has gradually or three hunting trips before hordes of white men yielded. Tanned buckskin grew scarce and cheap came and slaughtered all the buffalo. factory clothes easier to get. Stoves and windows made other changes necessary. Plows banished When Sitting Crow was twenty-two, he went bone hoes. with a hunting party as far as the Powder River, in Montana, more than three hundred miles away White people are more or less in bondage to from their village. There they found a large herd fashion, and they made Indians think that a man of buffalo and returned to camp with plenty of could not be civilized till he cut off his braided meat. Sitting Crow stayed behind, as he had hair. But the missionaries took pains to make again decided to drag a head. This time he was them understand that it was "heart work" that left alone in the dark. As he started along the counted. beaten trail, his load grew heavy. Perhaps this trail was one the buffalos disliked, and their Sitting Crow has gradually yielded more and spirits made the burden heavy. He left the trail more to the Christ. The grit which kept him perand went on the untracked prairie. The burden sistent in self-torture, now helps him to hold fast was still grievous. A storm came up. He dragged to what he grasps of the new way of life. Henry on wailing 'as he went. He was lost. The storm has found that all his persistent efforts at selfpassed. Dawn came. He climbed a hill and sight- immolation had only racked his body and left his ed the camp 'five miles away. He moistened the soul empty. He has learned that the Father of dried wound on his back with spittle. He got the our suffering Lord Jesus Christ can alone satisfy. rawhide cord untied. He set the buffalo head on the hill. He said to it: "We have spent the night Henry bares his soul in this tale that his fellow together. Now I leave you, Sacred One. Some Christians may understand him and his people and day you will help me and make me brave." . may be inclined to help them in their struggle to reach the Christian goal. When he reached the camp, the people were eating; but his grandfather, the old chief Red C. L. HALL and MRS. R. D. HALL. Cow, was sleeping. The old man had spent the night keeping up a fire on the hill that his grand- HOW AN INDIAN FOUND GOD son might find the camp. Poor Wolf was born in one of the five Hidatsa After this, Sitting Crow was again on a hunt villages on the Knife River where it empties into when an angry bull turned and knocked down his the Missouri. His uncle, "Road Maker," (Adihorse. He I:Jscaped, and the horse was only bruised, hidish), was a leader among his people when as the bull ran off with the herd. At another time, Lewis and Clark visited the villages in 1804-1805. in the melee, some one shot, and he felt a bullet Poor Wolf reckoned that he was born in 1820 whiz by. It had gone through the loose flapping and as a little boy remembered seeing white solend of his shirt. He felt that it was through drag- diers come up the river in eight wooden boats ging the head of a buffalo that twice he had been which they pulled with ropes from the bank. saved. These whites made an agreement with Indians about their hunting grounds. The little boy recol- At another time, when Sitting Crow was with a lected saying to his father (Buffalo-hide-tent), war party chasing some Sioux ~ho were driving "Will I be a white man now?" His father said, off a bunch of horses, he recovered two of the "Yes." In old age, Poor Wolf looking back would horses. He thought that this success was given say, "I have been a friend to the whites ever him by a spirit because he had dragged the head since." of a buffalo during a long night. When a child, only four or five years old, Poor Sitting Crow has now come to believe in the all- Wolf prayed to animals and to sun, moon, and powerful God. Many years ago, he was baptized stars. He was afraid of the enemy in the dark. and given the name of Henry. He is nearly sev-

INDIANS WHO HAVE MADE GOOD

Through a trader, his father had heard of the he gave the name of Poor or Lean Wolf to the one white man's Great Spirit, and in this way had who had saved his life.

some dim knowledge of God. He used to be afraid An eagle-hunter was reckoned a man of distincof the white man's teaching. tion among the Indians. There was a bluff near When Poor Wolf was seventeen he had small- the village where they used to worship when they pox-the scourge of 1837-and many of the people went on such expeditions. Poor Wolf once caught died. The others abandoned their villages and twelve eagles on one hunt, three in one day. There stayed away until three mysterious figures in are very strict rules for hunting, but Poor Wolf black told them that it was safe to return. Poor did not observe them all. One rule was that the Wolf was left alone, helpless, with swollen face most successful hunter should return to the camp and eyes half closed. A bear came in and walked right to where he was, sat down with his back pressed against him and began to scratch his breast with his forepaws. By and by, he got up and walked out of the lodge. Was Poor Wolf dreamihg, or did it really happen? Then the bear came back and, while Poor Wolf trembled with fear, went through the same motions again. The boy thought surely the bear had mercy on him, and when his father returned, they talked it over and agreed that the bear pitied him. After that, he worshipped the bear, in the dance, wearing ank- lets of bear's teeth.

When the boy was nineteen or twenty, and still unmarried, he fasted for twenty days, going with- out food and not smoking for four days, on the fifth day eating a little and then fasting again.

During this time he went about crying aloud, and after he ceased to fast, he still went about crying for a year. He would stand on a buffalo skull and cry out until his throat was dry. At the end of this fast, his father cut four pieces from his upper arm and four from the lower arm, as a sacrifice to his gods. After these wounds were healed, the youth entered a lodge, where there were many old men, and, with great cere- mony, was tattooed on his arms and all over one side of his breast and back. Two men did the POOR WOLF AND HIS GRANDDAUGHTER ROSE work of pricking in the patterns, while the men would sing, "Let his body be pictured, his spirit with his eagles, weeping. Poor Wolf came back also, 0, White Father in heaven and ye four winds, happy. They prayed to the fibre rope with which make him blue. Let him not be bitten by rattle- they caught the eagles. Two leaders in an eagle snakes, etc." It was thought that he could not be hunt wear eagle feathers around their necks and struck by bullets from an enemy; that he could sing songs in the night. Poor Wolf liked to go suck out poison without harm; that the tattooing about the business in his own way and had an would give him protection and make him cour- eagle claw tattooed on his right hand. His uncle ageous. put it on so that he could grab a Sioux.

Recounting his history, the old man said, "Once It is plain that Poor Wolf was a religious man a hundred warriors, out on a trip, became very as well as political leader. He believed in his hungry. I had a piece of fat buffalo meat con- gods and greatly influenced his people, who in turn cealed, which I had carried along. This I roasted rewarded him for his spiritual services.

and gave to them, and they were saved from starv- When the Christian missionary came in 1876, ing. In consequence one of the warriors, who had Poor Wolf was among the friendly Indians. Two taken part in a sun dance,gave me the name of years later Captain Pratt came to get the first 'Poor Wolf.' He had continued dancing for four pupils from the reservation. Poor Wolf was asked days until all others stopped and then had kept to let his children go to Hampton, Virginia. He on for another four days. In a dream he saw a said, "If I had sons, you could have them. I have wolf that told him he would have a long life." So only daughters and cannot let them go." Later

Poor Wolf joined a delegation of Indian leaders of the Son of God, of which you have been telling who went to Washington and Hampton. He was us, but there is much that I do not understand. I impressed by the works of the white people and was brought up in a different way."

the opportunities of the children at the school and Then he told me about being saved from the after his return home, wrote to one of the Indian smallpox, the bear, the bullets of the enemy, and girls of his tribe telling her to be diligent in learn- mysterious powers that protected him. I told him ing the white woman's ways. Later, when the that it was our Father in Heaven who had spared missionary collected a company of seven children him, so that he might hear about His Son, the for- to go to Santee, Nebraska, Poor Wolf's little girl giveness of sin, and the way of everlasting life.

Otter was the only girl among six boys. Otter The old chief went out into the dark-thinking.

prospered at Santee and was able to send mes- Later, one Sunday night, he came and spoke to sages back that encouraged him, so Poor Wolf me as follows: "What will I have to do to belong sent a second daughter a year or two older, to to God's people? Tell me plainly. Many years join her sister. These girls spent three years at ago I gave up fighting, stealing horses, and other Santee and became followers of the Christian way. bad deeds. I have obeyed the white man's laws The girls prayed for their father that he might as far as I know them. You tell me that I must follow them in their new experiences and thus give up conjuring. That will be difficult, for I get Poor Wolf became a regular attendant at Chris- presents and pay from the patients who are cured. tian services. He was useful in repeating to others Must I give up going to dances? By joining in the Bible stories he had learned and his friend- these dances and feasts and worship of spirits, I ship went so far as to make him a herald for the can get horses, ornaments, and fine clothing which mIssIOnary. According to Indian custom, he are given to the visitors. Must I give up the old would go around among the houses in the village Indian songs, which are a part of the life of our . calling out: "Come and sit for Ho-waste" (the people? Must I give up the charms that I have missionary's Indian name). Apparently he was carried on my body for years and which I bestill thE) "medicine-man" of the tribe.. lieve have defended me from demons? My body When 'his daughters came back from school, is tattooed to show my allegiance to various Poor Wolf found he had a new problem on his spirits. How can I cut these out of my flesh?

hands. The old village was not a fit place for Ever since I was a little child I have looked upon them to live. The younger one, Otter, found a the many things of nature and thought they were temporary refuge' in the missionary boarding great supernatural beings. Now you tell me that school. The older one, Miriam, had grown into it is the great God who made these things, and a Christian woman, much appreciated by her ma- who causes the sunshine and the thunder and rain.

trons and teachers. In August, 1885, Poor Wolf, I have gone about the village calling upon the his wife and two daughters were part of a com- people. to come and pray to God."

pany who went with me across the trail to Devil's Poor Wolf's two daughters returned the second Lake, one hundred and thirty miles. Withwhite time from school, and the problem of how to take men's ways he was not so familiar and once when care of them and adjust himself to the new con- there had been dampness in the region and liz- ditions became acute. The girls were Christians ards were plentiful, Poor Wolf found a nice dry, and had been praying for their father. He saw sandy place for the night. I was obliged to change that some new environment was needed for them the location for they had made their bed between and yet he felt that it was impossible for him 'to the rails of the railroad. At Devil's Lake the break away from his past. One day he said to his matron from the Santee school took the girls in daughter Otter, "I notice Christians all say 'Our charge. Then the old couple, having escaped from Father' in prayer. I have done so many wrong the perils of civilization started on their lonely things and been for so many years so far from way home. God's ways that it does not seem right for me to Poor Wolf was sixty-five years of age, and there say' 'My Father'."

was a great struggle within the old man's mind. His daughter gave him the Bible words, "To We were troubled in those days with Indians from as many as received Him, to them gave He power the North, and especially with evil white men, who to become the sons of God." Then Poor Wolf would drop down the river in a ski.ff or raft and said, "If He gives me the power to be His child, get away with our horses. White settlers formed then I may call him 'Father'."

a "vigilance committee" and one offender was In April, 1887, eleven years after our first land- found hanging on a telegraph post. One night ing at Fort Berthold, Poor Wolf proved his new the old man came to my house and said: "I have faith by throwing away all his old fetishes-a been watching for horse thieves. I saw your light dried turtle shell, muskrat skin, mink skin, red and came in. I was thinking much of this religion muscles, crane head, otter skin, besides pepper-

INDIANS WHO HAVE MADE GOOD

mint and other herbs. For these, and the songs until six years afterwards that he received Chrisand ritual connected with them, he had paid eighty buffalo hides besides guns and ponies. He tian baptism. In that year, 1893, a council of kept the turtle shell and the muscles because they belonged to his father, but he did not worship our white missionaries from all over the Dakotas them. He paid one hundred and eighty buffalo hides, ten decorated with porcupine quill work, for the first time found their way to our distant knives and ponies for a bear's arm, a crane's head, an owl's head, a buffalo skull, sweet-grass braided post. We had a Communion season, and sevento represent a snake with two heads, the long hair of the buffalo near the jaw, owl claws, and an teen, nearly all parents of our school children, image of an owl in buffalo hair. Such things were used at the buffalo dance for conjuring, with the were received into the church:–one for each year belief that they give the strength of the buffalo in fighting. They also bring the buffalo when of our mission life. It was like the breaking up food is scarce and cure wounds. There is corn in the ear and in a basket, red foxes and swift foxes, of the river ice in the spring, the whole commuarrow heads and things to make the wind blow right. All these conjuring things he took out to nity seemed to change. a hill, talked to them, told them he did not need them any more, and threw them away. For doing Poor Wolf was now an old man of seventy-four so, Crow Breast, the Gros Ventre chief, called him a fool. The people prophesied dire calamities be- winters. His old heathenism had been inserted cause of his forsaking his gods. Their predictions seemed to be fulfilled. His wife was struck with into his body as well as into his soul. I told him paralysis, which crippled her for some time. His team of horses was killed by lightning and he be- to look at the tattoo marks and say: "Let no man came blind. But his faith was not shaken. He knelt and prayed: "0 God of my daughter, be my trouble me, for I bear in my body the marks of God also!" After a time he partly recovered his sight, and his wife's health was restored. the Lord Jesus. They show from what He has Poor Wolf made a trip of three hundred miles to saved me." Cheyenne Agency that he might meet with Dakota Christians. He was one of the first to break away The energy that had gone into his Indian life from the old village and start a home on his individual allotment. From that time he was a great still persisted, and though his sight failed, he helper in the work of the mission, but it was not continued for sixteen years to be the main helper and inspiration in the church. As deacon, he had the privilege of receiving into the Church many.

others whom he had influenced to take the Chris- tian way. He would tell them how he had given up all his past for Christ, the true Saviour. He would tell the young man of doubting Thomas who was finally convinced when he saw the wounds, and he plead with them also to believe.

He prayed at his house with his family and would say: "I did wrong and was ignorant, but God is merciful and saves us."

Wolf Chief said when he called upon him: "Poor Wolf talked at length with me and I stayed all night at his house. At breakfast he asked me to make the usual prayer and said, 'I am very old now and waiting to go above, but you are young.

Persevere in the way of God.' " c. L HALL.

A TYPICAL CAMP OF CROW INDIANS ASSEMBLED FOR A "JESUS MEETING" ON THEIR RESERVATION IN MONTANA

r RESERVATIONS AND SCHOOLS .{(v""~ } "

I …. – .. .."""..;f' ~ 1 I " ) I ….

f _1..— *C::J Indian Reservahon STATUTE MILES … Feder.I School • Non-Reservation School • Boarding School … Day School o MISSion School, Contract • MISSion Schoof, Non-ContraC2 • SvutOf1Um .. Ins.ane Asy1lJm GO 19/ OTHER INDIAN RESERVATIONS AND SETTLEMENTS ARE FOUND IN FLORIDA (SEMINOLES), IN MAINE AND OTHER STATES

Are the Unevangelized Indians?*

IF·· By G. E. E. LINDQUIST, Lawrence, Kansas Missionarv.at.large, Society for Propagating the Gospel Among – Indians and Others in North America T HAT there are still unevangelized groups of ministry. In other parts of Oklahoma the insidi- Indians in the United States may seem sur- ous Peyote cult, the adherents of which use the prising to those who believe that for so- habit-forming drug, has made large inroads on called Christian nations the missionary enterprise, the constituency of old established missions. according to our Lord's command, began "in Jerusalem," then continued "in Judea and Samaria" In Brown County, Kansas, there are 69 famiand so to the "uttermost parts of the earth." lies of the Kickapoo tribe (numbering 291), as well as scattered Iowas, who are entirely without In the survey launched in 1919, under the direc- religious oversight at the present time. tion of the author, 46,000 Indians on forty reservations were found who were uninfluenced to any Socially, these Kickapoo Indians are on a low large extent by any church. It became evident plane and are regarded by government officials as that ne,glect, rather than duplication of effort, is the most backward and retarded of the four tribes the sin that might well be laid at the door of the under the agency. A large percentage of them Protestant churches in their mission work for the have been granted patents-in-fee to their land and Indians. Following the discovery of these un- have quickly disposed of it. Only three families reached groups it became the task of the fifteen are affiliated with any church, that being the Roconferences, which were held in various parts of man Catholic. Some say that they go to the Inthe country at that time, to formulate definite re- dian "Drum" church. At present there is no orquests that mission boards extend and strengthen ganized social life among them and practically no their work so as adequately to reach these neg- community gatherings. There is no center for lected groups. Since then a number of new fields religious work, and no Sunday schools for the chilhave been entered and specific allocation of re- dren. There is an old church building still standsponsibility assumed. ing which is owned by the Indians and is used oc- casionally for funerals. At the Kickapoo Day Then, almost on the heels of the new ventures School, where there are a number of bright and which promised so much for the future, came re- intelligent children, there is a good opportunity trenchment policies characterized by sporadic ef- not only for Sunday school but for regular reliforts falling far short of the objectives set.. Thus gious services. I visited this field last fan and the decade that followed the first comprehensive made an urgent appeal to a missionary society, survey made of Protestant Indian Missions saw a engaged in work on adjacent territory, to assume general let-down in religious interest and zeal responsibility for this neglected group. Previouswhich affected the first Americans as well as all ly overtures had been made to the Kansas Council Americans. Recent years, and even the last few of Religious Education, but there is no visible evimonths, have marked the withdrawal of mission- dence that the appeal was heeded. ary personnel, the closing of mission schools and hospitals, and the virtual abandonment of some In the category of the unevangelized are bands entire fields. of Chippewas in northern Minnesota, not far from the international boundary line, in the region In OklahomcL two tribes (Iowa and Otoes), who north and east of the Red Lake Indian Reservaten years ago were well manned, are today with- tion. In the days of Bishop Whipple, who was "a out missionaries. Certain sections of old Indian friend of the Indians when it meant something to Territory, for a century the habitat of the Five be a friend," these Chippewas were influenced by Civilized Tribes, show plainly the signs of retro- the missionary zeal of the Indian clergy raised up gression. Indian churches have been left to them- under his wise leadership. Today these have selves, segregated from wholesome contacts with passed on and but few have been found to take the white churches, with little or no supervision up their fallen mantle. Of recent years repre.. and with an untrained and poorly paid Indian sentatives of the Swedish Evangelical Mission Covenant have carried on itinerant work among * Due to the limitations of space only certain representative groups the Indians in the Ponemah and Rainy Lake dis- are discussed in this article. However, these are indicative of general conditions and needs. G. E. E. L.

[427 ]

tricts. The Rev. Alrick Olson, the field mission- bility and an unconquerable faith in God and the ary, reports that fully 1,500 are still without the eternal verities, will find a response as genuine ministrations of the Gospel. and whole-hearted as among those of any other The Florida Seminoles, though small in num- tribe. bers, have presented a challenge to missionary en- Scattered widely in small groups over the large deavor for over sixty years. There are three state of Nevada are more than 4,900 Indians, groups of them-those of the Okeechobee camps mostly Paiutes, Shoshones and Washoes. They (150), the Miccosukee of the Big Cypress Swamp constitute an appreciable proportion of the state's population. Aside from work among those on (400), and those in and around Dania and Miami fixed reservations, like Walker River and Pyramid (40-50). As early as 1870 an independent mis- Lake, and those in Colonies, like Reno-Sparks and sionary, Mr. Frost, attempted to establish a school Dresslerville, very little has been done by Chrisamong them but the project was soon abandoned. tian agencies to reach the various bands through- The National Indian Association launched a work out the state. Isolated, distressed and scattered, among these Everglade Indians in 1891, but later "like sheep without a shepherd," they have been turned over the field to the Protestant Episcopal Church. In 1913 the Creek Baptist Association of left to shift for themselves-without the Bread Oklahoma sent native missionaries to seek their of Life and the consolations of the Christian rebrethren in the Florida swamps. Due to the no- ligion. madic life of these Indians they found it seldom Earl Y. Henderson, Secretary of the Board of possible to get the same group together twice, Indian Commissioners, in a recent report deand it was even difficult to see the same person scribes the area traversed by these groups as folmore than once. They reported four Christians lows: among the Seminoles, three women and one man; The Lincoln Highway running east from Reno passes through the middle of Nevada, a vast and almost uninthey also found that the latter were much opposed habited region of great desert valleys, barren mountain to all strangers, whether Indian or white, partly chains and salt encrusted drY lakes or "sinks." A lone due to their fear of being removed from their mining claim on the side of a rocky hilI, a few bands of homes or having their children taken away to dis- sheep foraging in the sage brush and an occasional jack tant boarding schools. rabbit are the only signs of life seen for miles along this The past unhappy contacts with representatives route. The best known settlements in the center part of this area are Austin and Eureka, famous and prosperous of the white race have unfortunately prejudiced camps when great quantities of silver and other metals the Seminoles against "the white man's Christi- were being mined between 1862 and 1885. These places, anity." The Creek missionaries give this ver- in the old territory of the Shoshones, are now partly sion: "One (white) man came during the hunt- abandoned.

ing season and promised to get white man's price About fifteen years ago I strongly urged that for the otter and alligator hides. He left with the missionary work be undertaken among the Fort hides and has never been seen since. They believe McDermitt group in Humboldt County, 90 miles that 'the man who took their hides and that those north of Winnemucca on the Oregon line. This who bring them in to the 'commercial villages' is an old military reserve, constituting an area at Miami, St. Petersburg and other centers, where of 5,800 acres, of which 3,200 acres are known they are debauched by drink and exploited in vari- as public domain allotments and were obtained in ous ways, are Christians, and so they will not 1895. There are approximately 300 Paiutes in listen to anyone with a Bible." that area. Congregationalists, who at that' time Roy Nash, a special representative of the Com- carried on work at Fort Bidwell (California), missioner of Indian Affairs, made a survey of the Baptists, Episcopalians and Methodists were ap- Florida Seminoles in 1930. With regard to Chris- pealed to but the field still lies fallow and untilled.

tian missions among them he states: "For at Unquestionably the difficulties of missionary occu- least sixty years the waves of organized Christi- pation are great, but some means of extension anity have been lapping on Seminole shores. At work should surely be applied to this area so long the end, as in the beginning, the Seminole stands neglected. The government agent at Carson, who like a Rock of Gibraltar unshaken in pagan exercises a sort of oversight of these groups, be- pride." This investigator, though he gives scant lieves that Sunday school work and kindred activi- consideration to missionary work or its need on ties could be launched among these people by an this field, would perhaps admit that the barriers itinerant missionary with very little trouble as of pride, of race and of language hlight yield to far as the natives are concerned.

friendship and a sympathetic understanding. I In the Pacific Northwest, especially in the am convinced that any missionary who comes to Puget Sound region, one finds additional groups the Seminoles imbued with these qualities, plus a of neglected and unevangelized Indians. As a re- large measure of patience, showing a wise adapta- sult a brand of religion known as Shakerism has

WHERE ARE THE UNEVANGELIZED INDIANS?

found a footing among these tribes and remnants of some sort formerly existed among them, but is of tribes. Indian Shakerism is a peculiar mixture now broken down. of Christian principles and pagan superstition. Shaker rites are exemplified particularly in the Their customs, as well as their mythology, inceremonies attendant on efforts to heal the sick dicate a possible connection with the tribes of and to make converts. Timothy George, an In- Vancouver Island. The Quileute together with the dian rancher, living near Hursum, Washington, Quinaielt, by treaty at Olympia (July 1, 1855, and gives the following version of what the members January 25, 1856), ceded all their lands to the of the Shaker organization do: "We all good In- United States and agreed to remove to a preserve dians. Help one another. When one sick we all to be provided for them in Washington territory. shake his hands. Shake all the time until he gets The tribe has gradually diminished till now it well. No medicine. We also shake hands with numbers but slightly more than 260. They are each other when some one sick. That makes him under the jurisdiction of Neah Bay Agency. well. We take care of family when some one sick. All good Indians." It would seem that either the Methodists from Everson or Tulalip as centers, or the Presbyteri- What might be termed "a recrudescence of pa- ans from Neah Bay, could carryon extension work ganism" among the Indians of the Northwest is among the Quileute as well as other unreached the so-called "Feather Church." This is distinct- Indians in the coastal area. ly an effort, though a feeble one, to stem the tide of waning interest in the old pagan faiths and There remains for brief consideration the great practices. Here the ceremonies and superstitions virile tribe of the Southwest, known as the Navaof a fast passing order are taught and a great jo. Numbering over 40,000 and apparently indeal is made of "sings" and dances. The manifest creasing in population from year to year, these differences in the morals of the Christians and people are known as self-supporting, industrious the Feather Church adherents have been so ap- and independent individualists. They live on a parent that the latter is clearly a travesty on the large reservation, encroaching on four states, but old Indian religion. even though large the reservation cannot contain them all. They roam with their flocks of sheep Characteristic of the Puget Sound groups are and goats over vast uninhabited areas. It is said the Indians known as Quileute. Briefly described, that in the Black Mountain country, near the this is a Chimakuan tribe, now the only represen- southern Utah line, there are Navajoes who have tative of that linguistic stock, whose main seat is never seen a white man. Religiously, the tribe is at Lapush at the mouth of Quillayute River, about spoken of as the "last strong-hold of paganism." thirty-five miles south of Cape Flattery, on the While a number of denominations are represented west coast of Washington. A small division of in the missionary work among the Navajoes, there the tribe, the Hoh, live at the mouth of the river is still great need for camp workers, those who can of the same name, fifteen miles south of Lapush. penetrate to the remote hogans, in the mountain- Since they have been known to the whites the fastnesses. Of recent years efforts have been Quileute have always been few in number, but made to enlist native workers to reach their own being of an independent and war-like disposition people, and with their help an increasing numand occupying an easily defended situation, they ber of the books of the Bible have been translated have successfully resisted all attempts of neigh- into the difficult Navajo language. Rev. F. G. boring tribes to dislodge them. Their most active Mitchell, long a missionary among these people, enemies have been the Makah, of Neah Bay, and speaking of "the romance of evangelizing the until they came under the control of the United Navajo," says: States petty warfare between the two tribes was constant. The Quileute are noted for their skill A number of converts to Christianity, both educated and in pelagic sealing and are the most successful in uneducated, have accompanied workers of the mission on that pursuit of all the tribes of the coast. They deputation work in the churches and in attendance upon are also daring whalers, but have not attained the Presbyterian General Assembly. The testimony of the proficiency of the Makah. Salmon are caught these Christian Indians has both thrilled and gratified the in considerable numbers and constitute an impor- members of the churches as they see the value of their tant article of food. Roots and berries of vari- investment in the missionary work that is being done ous kinds are also much used. Although the among them. woods in their vicinity abound with deer, elk, and bear, the Quileute seemed to have hunted them ******** but little and have confined themselves to a seafaring life. There is evidence that a clan system The above recital indicates that there are still many unevangelized groups of Indians scattered over large and widely separated areas. Further- more, because of their nomadic instincts and wandering habits, the effort to establish perma- nent work among them is beset with many diffi- culties. It has been noted that the slow progress

of Indian evangelization must include not only inal Americans. The first has to do with our obneglected fields but the retrenchment policies ligation as Christians in the face of present and adopted by church boards and causing the loss of ever-challenging opportunities. It may be stated much ground gained by the pioneer workers in the in the following terms, which sums up the past. Thus there has been retrogression on some noblesse oblige of missionary endeavor: fields. Among other retarding influences, at work within the past twenty-five years, has been the It is the obligation that the strong owe to the introduction and use of peyote among the Indians weak, that the educated owe to the ignorant, that of the Middle West. the rich owe to the poor, that the wise owe to the superstitious, that the free owe to those who are In the work of evangelization there are, then, in bondage, and that every Christian owes to the above mentioned hindrances and set-backs, e'ucry non-Christian. peculiar in some respects to the Indian field, but more or less applicable to primitive peoples wher- Furthermore, the Christian churches of Amerever the Church has planted missions. As one ica owe a debt to the Indian which proximity and views the unfinished task it is well to examine into the claims of neighborliness bring. The dischargthe reasons for past failures and to profit by the ing of this debt calls for a constructive program mistakes of yesterday. Difficulties there are to be of advance instead of sporadic efforts and resure, but what are difficulties, for if not to be trenchment policies. It requires vision which adovercome, as Dr. John R. Mott has so often said. mits difficulties, identifies adversaries and over- comes in conquering might. What shall be our After more than twenty years spent in Indian response? Clear and unmistakable must be the missionary work, I desire to emphasize two as- answer. We must enter in and possess the land pects of the missionary effort in behalf of the orig- in Christ's name.

Indian Missionaries to Indians By MRS. MARY M. CRAWFORD, Lapwai, Idaho Missionary 0/ the Board 0/ National Missions, Presbyterian Church, V. S. A.

I N the olden times the Nez Per~e Indians of Mr. and Mrs. Spalding. A mISSIOn was estab- northern Idaho fished and hunted for a liv- lished among the Cayeuse Indians, but in 1847 ing. They managed to subsist in some way, this tribe massacred the Whitmans and eleven or died of hunger, for they were too proud to ac- others. cept rations from the government. They clothed themselves and made their tents from the skins of The Spaldings went on 120 miles up the river animals, living largely on roots and wild berries. and established the mission among the Nez Per~es bringing with them "The Book of Heaven." It was four Nez Per~es who made that memo- Mr. and Mrs. Spalding were alone among a wholly rable journey to St. Louis one hundred years ago heathen people, and in eleven years laid a good in the winter of 1831-1832. They had heard that solid foundation on which the work has been built. there was a God that was true, and that the white men had a book that told how to worship Him. During Mr. Spalding's eleven years' stay (We have their descendants in our churches to- among them, many of the Nez Per~es became day.) They started out from Kamiah, one of Christians and he would often take them with him their most beautiful valleys, with faith in their to preach the Gospel to the surrounding tribes. hearts seeking the "White Man's Book of Thus very early in their Christian lives they be- Heaven." Two died and were buried in St. Louis; gan to share the "good news" with others. Duranother died along the Yellowstone on the home- ing the twenty-four years when they were withward journey. One returned home thinking the out a missionary, this giving of the Word ceased search had been in vain; but he carried one note and they almost lost it-in fact they did lose all of encouragement, for some one had promised to except two of the "great commandments," "Resend a man with the Book. Each year the Nez member the Sabbath day to keep it holy" and Per~es went out on the mountains looking east, ex- "Thou shalt not steal." Mr. Spalding came back pecting the promised messenger. At last in 1836, to the Nez Per~es about 1870, but four years later at the Green River rendezvous, they were over- was taken sick and died. He is buried near the joyed to meet Dr. and Mrs. Marcus Whitman and Indian church which now bears his name.

Miss Sue L. McBeth, who came to the Nez

INDIAN MISSIONARIES TO INDIANS

Per<;es one year before Mr. Spalding's death, be- ership because they can reach their own people in gan the work of training native Christian workers a far better way and more quickly than any white for the churches which were then being organized. person. The Indian knows his own people and In the next twenty years ten Nez Per<;e Indian how to reach their hearts; he knows their temptamen were ordained to the Gospel ministry, taking tions and their sins, and where to strike the blow their places in the presbytery beside the white against them. ministers, with the same rights and privileges. For fifty years McBeth Mission has carried out the A few years ago some of our Nez Per<;es were policy of training an Indian Christian leadership. preaching among the Cheyenne Indians in east- The mission has believed in the Indian and has ern Montana, which is a Mennonite mission. One trusted him, and has trained him for service. night during the service an old medicine man rose up from the back of the church and said, "Oh you With these trained leaders they have not only Nez Per<;es had nothing to give up when you becared for their own six Nez Per<;e churches, but came Christians. Your religious system, meaning have continued the work of giving the Gospel to the old heathen superstition, was not so fine as other tribes. Parties would go out-men, women ours which was given to us by God, and no man and children on their ponies-taking long jour- can take it away." neys over mountains and plain, sometimes without water, except what they carried with them. I asked one of our elders whether it was true They would camp out at night, worshiping morn- that the Cheyenne had what they call a finer reing and evening by the way, going on and on to ligious system, and he said, "Oh, when we wor- Shoshones, Bannocks, Lemhis, Spokanes, Umatil- shiped the sun and the moon it was far worse las and others, preaching everywhere the good heathenism than the Cheyennes ever had." news of salvation through Jesus Christ. But the Indians who knew the old heathenism Later these Indians began to take regular work and had struggled almost to the death to come up in the surrounding tribes and through a period of out of it and leave the old degradation rose up at least ten years the Nez Per<;e ministers filled and condemned the old religion so boldly that the the pulpits of the two churches among the Spo- medicine man was put to silence. kane Indians in eastern Washington. For more than forty years there has been a Nez Per<;e In- Another time when the Nez Per<;es were among dian pastor or assistant pastor among the Umatil- the Crow Indians, where there is a Baptist Mislas in Oregon. sion, an old man rose up in the back seat. A Christian Indian never takes a back seat unless he Some years ago the missionary of the United backslides. This man rose and said, "I have Presbyterian Mission among the Warm Springs known the commandments for many years and Indians in Oregon called for one of the Nez Per<;e have tried to keep them, and now if you can tell ministers to take his place during a leave of ab- me of one that I have broken I will listen to this sence for three years. A Nez Per<;e minister also Gospel you are preaching." One of the Nez did regular work under the Reformed Church Per<;es was on his feet at once and said, "You among the Winnebagoes in Nebraska and among have been breaking the first commandment all the Apaches in New Mexico. The same man your life, because you have been trusting in your worked for some years at Ft. Hall in southern old heathen religion instead of worshiping the Idaho, and another man has had charge of the true God." work there for the last four years. A Nez Per<;e has charge of the mission among the western Sho- The Indian knows where to begin when he deshones at Owyhee, Nevada, and a Makah Indian nounces sin among them. He knows exactly what (trained here) has the work among his own peo- they are doing. It might take a white man sevple at Neah Bay, Washington. A Spokane In- eral years to find out these things. We are comdian was for five years in charge of work among ing more and more to believe if the Indians in the Quinault Indians at Taholah, Washington. general are ever brought to Jesus Christ, it will be when their own people lead them to Him. Besides serving their own six Nez Per<;e churches, and conducting regular work in other The Nez Per<;es are not held up as patterns of tribes, the Indians have gone out to assist mis- godliness, for they are "just folks" with a simple sionaries in holding evangelistic meetings in al- faith in God and His word. The Lord has done most every tribe in the Northwest. A few years much for them, and through them is reaching out ago they had calls from eleven different tribes, to their Red brethren. The Rev. James Hayes, and by dividing their forces they reached nine D. D., perhaps our greatest Indian evangelist, at of these tribes in one year, traveling over five his death in 1928 had reached twenty-five tribes states and working under four denominations. with the Gospel, not only going once but again and again, so anxious was he for the salvation of The McBeth Mission believes in a native lead- Indian people. He had gone to nearly every tribe from the Canadian border to Arizona.

Need for Christian

By the REV. G. WA TERMULDER, Lawrence, Kansas 11:"

Field Secretary for Indian Work, Reformed Church in America I T is not difficult for the Indian to believe in the which she lived, largely Indian, had only one supernatural, as presented in the Christian re- church building. On the first Sunday of every ligion. On the contrary, it is strange to him month a Methodist filled the pulpit; on the second to see an attitude of indifference on the part of Sunday the Southern Baptist; on the third a Sev- his white neighbor; or to hear of a religion of enth-Day Adventist; on the fourth a Holiness mere humanism or cold materialism. As a primi- preacher. She said: "When my sister and I went tive man he has responded remarkably well, some- away to school we felt that we must join some times eagerly, to the teachings of the Gospel as church, so we joined the Presbyterian because it revealed in the "White Man's Book." was one we didn't know anything about! To It is very difficult for him to understand the none of us six children does sectarianism mean differences in our religious faith, the various de- anything at all. I think that is true of most In- nominations and sects, or even the difference be- dians, even those who are most steeped and drilled tween Catholics and Protestants. He sees things in denominational loyalties." Although Mrs.

in the concrete rather than the abstract. He is Bronson's experience is extreme, it can be dupli- constantly saying to Christian workers, "Do we cated in some instances.

not all worship the same God, the same Jesus? There is great need for a united church to face Is not one church as good as another?" The the many Indian problems today. Reservation peyote cult, which has had such a rapid growth life is rapidly disintegrating. The younger gen- and developed such surprising strength, obtained eration is not so much attached to the old mis- much of its impetus from this belief in the uni- sion church because it belongs to a certain denomi- versality of the Christian religion. nation. Indians are interested in the church that It has been a great pity that the Christian re- is helping them, or where they can help them- ligion has come to the American Indian through selves and assume responsibility. The economic many denominations, ofttimes stressing non-es- pressure is terrific and they must stand and fight sential differences and obscuring the vision of it out together, with a united church to furnish Jesus. Notable pioneer missionaries blazed the the strength and inspiration. This era of transi- early trail. We will never forget the names of Ed- tion calls for a unified program where prejudice wards, Brainerd, Eliot, Zeisberger, Penn, Wil- and rivalry have no place; where all can come and liams, Riggs, Williamson, Hare, Whitman, Whip- drink of the one Fountain of Life and can go to ple and many others. The whole country was their homes on their changing reservations, or to their field. In that early period mission boards other settlements and to the cities upheld by di- had not yet been formed as they exist today; nor vine strength, with a vision of the great indwell- had the nation entered upon that period of ex- ing Christ who is adequate to deal with all sin ploitation and greed for land, as it developed later. and all social mal-adjustments.

With the extension of white settlements and the Already much has been accomplished in co- changing location of tribes, denominational ri- operation and unity; and there are heartening valry gradually developed in many sections, signs that greater things will come soon; that we bringing confusion and disruption-the Indians are approaching a new era.

wondering why. In some instances one tribe has The Home Missions Council was organized in a number of missionaries from various denomi- 1908 and was later joined by the Council of nations, while a nearby tribe is still almost desti- Women for Home Missions. The joint Indian tute of Gospel privileges. Committee of these organizations has begun a At the Washington Home Missions Congress in splendid work of cooperation. Unreached tribes 1930, Mrs. Ruth Muskrat Bronson, a Cherokee, have been allocated to various church bodies; sur- gave her own experience. Her father was an veys of fields have been made; conferences of In- hereditary Southern Baptist, her mother a thor- dian workers have been held; directors of reli- oughly converted Methodist. The community in gious education in government schools have been [432 ] appointed; cooperation with the Indian Bureau of out this special organized help, and the religious the government has been encouraged. work depends solely upon the voluntary service of The first American Indian conference, compris- interested government employes, local friends, ing missionaries and workers and board officials and such service as nearby missionaries, already of all denominations engaged in Indian work in overburdened, may be able to render. Yet these the U. S., was held in Wichita, Kansas, in 1919. schools· offer the greatest opportunity for inter- It was a notable gathering. It visualized the en- denominational work at the most crucial period of tire field with all its needs and opportunities, and a student's life, at a time of most tragic social and gave an impetus for detailed studies and for economic changes, when all of life should be inter- larger and better work along real cooperative preted in terms of the teachings of Jesus Christ.

lines. Missionaries to the Indians will never The importance and urgency of this work in cease to thank God for that conference when a be- the schools cannot be overstated.

ginning was made to face the new conditions in We have already passed the pioneering stage a new era. and have reached a period of rapid assimilation.

The twelve regional conferences in 1921-22 held It has been said that "the Indian is the most un- in various sections of the Indian field were of fortunate racial group in this country." Will not equal importance. They brought together work- the Church of Christ in this decade-not the next ers of different denominations in the same or ad- -in this decade, while the opportunity is ours, jacent fields who had never met in conference be- hear the call and give these eager young people fore. Together they discussed the changing con- the spiritual nurture and direction they so much ditions, the awakening of a new race conscious- need as they face the inevitable new order? It is ness and the great task. For some years annual time for earnest consideration of an immediate local conferences also have been held by the mis- problem and a candid and courageous effort to sions of various churches, not only for Bible study meet it.

and spiritual inspiration but also for the study of It is heartening to realize that the Church and local and nation-wide Indian problems. This has the federal government have never visualized the greatly helped to bring more unity in the work, need and the opportunity as clearly as they do developing a spirit of fellowship, comradeship and today. Resolutions must now become actions.

cooperation. The annual Western Oklahoma Con- The North American Home Missions Congress in ference of Indian Missions, the Southwest Bible 1930 gave this cause a great impetus. It defined and Missionary Conference of Indian workers at the objective in these meaningful words: "Our Flagstaff, Arizona, and the Dakota Conference task is pre-eminently spiritual-the bringing of have been the largest and most active. These or- every Indian into allegiance with our Lord and ganizations will again meet in late summer and Saviour for worship and service in His Kingdom, early autumn, affording splendid opportunity for that, with Christians of other races, they may in- the discussion of the changing conditions and terpret and accept the full meaning of His Lor~­ needs and how to adapt our mission program to ship in their lives." In its recommendations, the meet these needs. Congress urged "comity and cooperation in the But beyond all question, the finest piece of co- Indian fields." In connection with the need for operative work for the Protestant church can be religious instruction in the schools it made the done in the reservation and non-reservation gov- challenging statement, "We believe this to be our ernment Indian schools, where thousands of In- greatest single opportunity for advance now open dian boys and girls attend. The government now to our boards in the field of Indian work."

maintains seven large non-reservation boarding The future of the work of the Church for the schools doing high school work, supplemented by American Indian never looked brighter. It is an special vocational, industrial or more advanced era when new objectives will be found-new ad- academic or commercial courses. In these schools justments made and men enlisted who are ade- many tribes are represented, coming from all sec- qu.ately equipped for the work. The words of tions of the United States. At the same time their Professor Steiner have real inspiration: "Chris- religious affiliations represent many different de- tianity has in its spirit the solution of class and nominations. The Home Mission Councils have race problems, but in its practice it is lamentably sent full-time religious work directors to some, far from solving them. He who wishes to enter and part-time work is done in others. Thus much into the fellowship with race or nation with splendid and far-reaching work has been accom- which he lives must free himself from all isolating plished. It is a bright chapter in the cooperative practices. Entrance into such a large human re- work of Indian missions. lationship has to be bought with a price, and the While we rejoice in this achievement, although price is worth paying, for there is scarcely any belated, let it be noted that many schools are with- experience loftier than being one with mankind."

Indian Speaks for

AT THE PARTING OF THE WAYS We have still far to climb, but one day we shall reach the heights of achievement. Hold on to the LN old Apache medicine man, who belonged rope and keep pulling us up to the top of the hill. We need the help of our white brothers, and you ~ to the days when Pimas and Apaches were need ours. Your church, your country, can never enemies, was visiting a Pima camp meet- be a complete success unless you are lifting those who sit in darkness up into the light we begin to ing. He remembered well the days when hatred, see. We are one great family and when we obey jealousy, superstition and fear prevailed, and the great command, "Love thy neighbor as thynaturally he wondered about what he saw on this self," race prejudice and fear will die, peace and visit when Christianity was exterminating the old goodwill shall reign in the hearts of white folks spirit among the Pimas. To his amazement he and of Indians. found himself respected, treated as a brother, and his heart was so stirred that he could not hold By ESAU JOSEPH, Phoenix, Arizona. back what was in it. Through an interpreter he said, "You Pimas have something we do not have. Graduate of Tucson Indian Training School; of U. S. Won't you send one of your Christian young men Indian School, Phoenix; of the Charles H. Cook Bible to tell us what it is?" School; Assistant in the Presbyterian Indian Mission.

So a Pima missionary began work among THROUGH THE EYES OF THE YOUNG Apaches. INDIAN The power of Christ can change the inner life I love to picture St. Paul at Troas where a vision of the Indian from hatred, fear and superstition appeared to him in the night. There stood a man to a feeling of love and goodwill. Much has been saying, "Come over and help us." He immediately done for the Indian's outward life, but not until responded to the request and was led to cross the his inner spirit is touched through contact with Christ will he become loving, kind, gentle, narrow strait and to carry the Gospel from Asia thoughtful, intelligent and industrious. Then his into Europe. He realized that the work of Christ's followers was to bring all men into one spiritual outlook for the future will be bright and hopeful. We stand at the parting of the ways. The old family; that all men should love one another; and trail is ending; before us stretches the white that all should come into the belief of the One Suman's road, which we must travel whether we like it or not. As the Indian looks at the new preme God as He is revealed in Jesus Christ.

road he is troubled, not knowing whether to go The second thing about St. Paul's life was his forward or backward. The young educated Indian is not satisfied with the old methods that eagerness to proclaim the Gospel to all men. His have been followed in the mission church and school; in their primitive social and public life. slogan seemed to be: "Woe is unto me, if I preach He is realizing his own responsibility to help change these conditions. not the Gospel." He had to go through many hard- His greatest handicap is the lack of a trained ships and sufferings but finally he was able to say: native Christian leadership. When they have been to school and go back to their people they "I have fought a good fight, I have finished my often fail because they are not ready to carry responsibility. In school the high qualities of course, I have kept the faith." leadership have not been developed in them The Macedonian cry rings in our ears today and through constantly having to overcome difficulties and accept responsibility. Our Indian churches will always confront the Church. eSxoam~eploef us who often have no definite program for the young peo- hear the call should follow the of the pIe, and because there is no adequate provision for their needs, they go somewhere else in search of Apostle who gave all his devotion and loyalty to what they want. What they find often destroys their character and ideals instead of building extend the rule of Christ among men. This Macethem up. The time has come when our Christian leaders must have adequate education, and when donian cry comes from the American Indians tothe spirit of Christ must be revealed in their lives. day.

The Church of Christ is called to lead the spirit- ually inclined Indians to know and appreciate the love of God. In many places the Church has been a faithful mother to my people and has been a standard of helpfulness to the Indians throughout America. Christian religious education is needed by Indian boys and girls today in the non-reserva- tion government schools. This enterprise should have the support of those who love Christ, and [434 ] who 'f>ray and give that His kingdom may be en- fornia area, the North Pacific area, and the Plalarged. teau area.

Generosity and hospitality, two virtues handed Conditions among the Indians as a whole are down from parents to children, stand out at the decidedly different from what they were a few Indian Christian convocations. The Indians love years ago, since an act of Congress made every to give offerings to support the Church. Now a Indian a citizen of the United States. Many are higher prized treasure has come into his posses- adapting themselves to the general scheme of the sion-the faith by which they are able to know present civilization, but many others are adhering that they have a God to love, neighbors to love, and to old customs and beliefs. a Church to love. The future of one group may not be the future The Ashley House Correspondence School, start- of another; if we consider language, climate, ened in connection with the Ashley House Indian vironment, and the numerous tribal divisions, we Divinity School at Mission, South Dakota, gives are at a loss to state what the Indian's future may courses in the Old Testament, Prayer, Church His- be. Although there are certain marked charactertory, the Harmony of the Gospels, and other sub- istics among the Indian people, the moral and jects. These lessons help my people to read and social influences that surround them have a trestudy about the history and doctrines of the mendous part to play in their future. Church. The attitude of the American public toward the In less than a century we have the Bible, Prayer Indian as a race will have much. to do with his Book and the Dakota Hymnal translated into our future. Some people prey upon the Indian and own language. Other leaflets are being prepared, commercialize his tribal ceremonies and his retranslated and printed and distributed to the peo- ligious rites. Others still adhere to the historic ple. But we are just beginning to create a new conception of the Indian as a race. Lack of inforundertaking which is to have the people do more mation causes them to continue to class the Indian reading and studying about the Church. The early as a curiosity. Others are led by the motion picmissionaries had the same insight. One Bishop tures and Wild West shows to think of the Indian used to say to the young priests who were impa- mainly in his picturesque regalia. tient for notable results, "It took three thousand years to civilize Europe; we can't expect to Chris- Lack of accurate information causes the public tianize the Indians in ten." to overlook the fact that the Indian is human and is subject to all the influences that dominate the In the Indian country "Old things are passed present civilization. Many do not know that the away; behold, all things are become new." Buf- Indian as a race is trying to educate himself to faloes no longer roam the prairie; lakes are not meet and take advantage of modern conditions. teeming with fish as in the former days; fur-bearing animals are more and more scarce as the years The educational policy of the United States will go by. The Indian languages and customs are play an important role as to the Indian's economic gradually dying out, yet in the midst of all these future. The missionary efforts of religious sects changes we have found One who is unchanging will continue to influence his spiritual future and and who has said, "I am the Lord, I change not." his response to Christian teaching will increase We know that Jesus Christ is "the same yesterday, his usefulness as a citizen. today and forever." This is a comfort to us. The Southwestern area seems to be the center Christians in our country can still help the In- of the present Indian problem. In this area the dian people in many ways. We are spiritually in tribes seem to be slow to accept modern standards. need as truly as are the millions in far away India. But as the light of Christianity continues to pene- To supply this need will take time, prayers and trate into the heart of the pagan, the skeptic and money. More Indian young men should be encour- the medicine man a better day will come when the aged to enter the ministry to help others follow Indian as a race will appropriate the higher things the New Trail that leads to God. Then we will of life-economically, socially, and spiritually. all become united in one Great Family, with true faith in one God and love for one another. STEWART LEWIS, Phoenix, Arizona.

By CYRIL C. ROUILLARD, Pierre, South Dakota. Pima Indian; Head of the Printing Department, U. S. Indian School, Phoenix; Elder in Phoenix Indian Presby- terian Church.

THE FUTURE OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN THE HOPE OF THE INDIAN The census of 1930 shows that there are ap- The hope of the Indian in America lies in the proximately 340,000 Indians within the continen- Indian youth of today, who will be the Indian of tal limits of the United States. The geographic tomo.rrow. divisions include the Plains area, the Eastern Woodland area, the Southwestern area, the Cali- Much is being done to help the Indian and to. remedy some of the mistakes made in the past.

Only by building on the foundation of Christ have been in civilization today if the dole system will the Indian youth be able to make good citi- had never been brought to our country. Gradualzens and become the leaders in whatever field they ly this system is being taken away. The future may choose. Indian men and women will work shoulder to shoulder with any other race and earn an honest Our forefathers lived their lives and many were living, as God put us into the world to do. leaders. We are thankful for the heritage we have. The Indian is a natural leader and every Every Indian young man and woman today effort ought to be made today to help cultivate this should have a knowledge of the Word of God and heritage. build his life on this foundation. Only then will our future Indians be a blessing, as all nations The future looks bright for the Indians, and should be. We who are in Christian work should many of our young people are having the oppor- help put this knowledge before them. tunity never before given them. If they fail it will be no reflection on our white friends. We need the cooperation of the Church and the Government to make the future Indian of America The dole system has been the one great draw- a blessing in leadership. back in past years. How much further we would GRACE EASTMAN MOORE, Flandreau, South Dakota.

Some Indian Christian Leaders WILSON WALKER-On a Sunday morning in ary and of a Christian Pima baker who helped April, 1932, the Apaches listened reverently to him to believe that Christianity was good for an their Pima Indian missionary in the stone church Indian. After completing the eighth grade, he at Ft. McDowell, Arizona. "God calls to you," he took two years of training in a Bible school at said, "as to the men of old; go forward where Los Angeles, and then one year in the Phoenix He leads you; do not run away when the task Bible School. Now for twenty years he has been grows hard; trust and hold on." in charge of the Mohave mission church at Parker, Arizona. He helped build, amid the mesquite, the In October, 1917, Wilson Walker had answered first little stick and mud church, and then the the appeal for a young Christian Pima to go as a present neat structure, with grass and trees missionary to the Apaches, the Pimas' old-time around it. He helped develop a spirit of comradeenemies. During the next three years while at- ship among the Christian Indians, resulting in tending the Cook Bible School, he spent week-ends higher ideals, better homes and farms. You could and summer vacations among these Apaches and now guess where the Christians lived, as you drive for twelve years he has been their resident mis- along the reservation roads. Out of this group sionary. have come six Mohave men and women to attend the Cook Bible School, their comrades at home Attendance and membership at the stone church caring for house and farm and .stock. have increased and there has been growth in Christian spirit and service. The Pima mission- Mr. Booth has a fine spirit, genial and patient. ary has won the affection and respect of an alien He is an outstanding influence for good in his tribe. An Apache head-man who tried to keep tribe. He is a ready speaker, a good musician- Christians from getting work, became a Christian able to play organ, piano, cornet, and to lead choir a year later. Another young Indian, swaggering or band. He is frequently invited to help in evanin chaps and spurs and disturbing the meetings, gelistic services among Yumas, Maricopas, became a helper. Mrs. Walker, a Choctaw, ably Apaches. At forty-three, the best years may still supports her husband in church and Sunday lie ahead for him, his Papago wife and eight fine school, in choir and missionary society. She is a children. good musician, and a former student at the Cook Bible School. Ten Apache men and women from GEORGE LOGIE. Ft. McDowell have attended the Bible School and are loyally supporting Mr. Walker, who has made Superintendent of the Charles H. Cook Bible School and good through the stress and strain of fifteen years. Phoenix Indian Mission, 1911-1932. Now his health has broken, and there was anxiety in the Apache stone church and. in the Pima- CAPTAIN JOHN MORONGO was the chief of a Choctaw manse, that April Sunday. small tribe of mission Indians on a southern Cali- fornia reservation. A missionary was looking for RANDALL K. BOOTH-His father was Ku-na-ha, a favorable place to locate a mission under the Mohave medicine man. At Ft. Mohave School, auspices of the Moravian Church and the Women's Randall came under the influence of the mission- National Indian Missionary Society. Forces of

SOME INDIAN CHRISTIAN LEADERS

darkness, ignorance and sin had closed several iug them an account of his life as a Christian promising fields against the entrance of the Gospel and the question of locating on the reservation minister. where Captain John held sway was being considered. It was no easy matter to settle. Many of Last autumn, at the great annual conference of the Indians were suspicious of the newcomers, and many held bigoted prejudices or did not want the Dakota Presbyterian and Congregational Into be disturbed in their lives of sin. gdaitainos~ahlemwinaisstseerl,ecRteedv,. with the veteran Congre- Thomas Riggs, to admin- ister the Sunday morning Communion Service.

Captain John bravely took his stand in inviting the mission to locate on his reservation. Through the rest of his life he stood loyally by his decision. He ruled his people with fairness and common sense, mixed with a generous amount of kindness and appreciation for the higher values of life.

Sunday after Sunday Captain John interpreted the sermon of the missionary so that the older Indians could understand. He had not taken his stand as a Christian but was willing to help bring whatever was good to his people. One Sunday, after the interpretation, he continued to' speak in an earnest way and was followed closely by members of the congregation both young and old. After the service the missionary asked Captain John what he had said after the sermon. "I just told them," he replied, "that I had decided to be a Christian and would look to God to help me live as a Christian man." For the rest of his life Captain John showed that he meant every word. In the midst of carelessness, ignorance, sin, prejudice and unfairness he was a splendid example of Christian fidelity.

G. F. WEINLAND.

The REV. JOSEPH ROGERS, an honorably retired but still active Christian ' worker for Christ, is seen, with his faithful wife, at all important meetings of the Dakota Indian Presbytery. He wears the Presbyterian National Board's button for long service, which represents forty-two years of consecrated ministry.

Joseph Rogers is a man of vigorous character, REV. AND MRS. JOSEPH ROGERS, FOR 42 YEARS A and has exhibited qualities of leadership in a CHRISTIAN MINISTER marked degree. Fearless in expressing his opinions, he follows what he believes to be right lines Last sum~er he took a prominent part in the of conduct, regardless of opposition. He is a "sil- Y. M. C. A. Conference held at Pine Ridge and on ver-tongued orator" and can tell stories with won- this occasion the Dakotas honored Mr. and Mrs. derful effect. As an advocate of temperance he Rogers by congratulatory speeches and songs. has been unusually active, persuading his people Passing before them, the delegates dropped flowto take the pledge and urging them to faithfulness. ers in the laps of the pastor and his wife-a touch- ing tribute of affection and appreciation of their Although he uses little English, he has fre- long years of faithful service. They have a warm quently been called upon by white people to con- place in all hearts and wield an immense influduct funerals in their families in the sparsely set- ence for righteousness among the Dakota people. tled communities in Montana. At one time, when returning from Montana, the train was stalled The REV. JOSEPH EAGLE HAWK, as a Dakota and the passengers passed the time singing and boy, fled from the scene of the Custer Battle, telling stories. Finally Mr. Rogers was asked to give an Indian war-song; but he responded by producing his Testament and hymn book and by givthat most memorable and tragic encounter be- worthy and progressive citizen. Yet he has held tween Indians and white people. His band of to the best in Dakota national life, voicing stren- Dakotas took him to Canada and after some years uous protest against giving up the use of the Dahe returned to what is now Pine Ridge Reserva- kota language in the church services. He realized tion. that the Dakotas, like all other peoples, could wor- ship best through the medium of their mother Under missionary influence he became a Chris- tongue. tian, taking the name of Joseph; was a charter member of Makasan church and was elected elder. The confidence of his fellow tribesmen was Before this he cut off his long hair, a badge of evinced by the fact that nine times they selected heathenism. PARSON MNrANIC OF THE In the hostile camp of Sitting Bull's people he CAYUSE TRIBE helped the missionary, the Rev. A. F. Johnson, to create the nucleus of Makizita church in which him to go as lay commissioner to the General Assons of leaders on the warpath became officers. sembly. As deacon, elder, and lay missionary his influence has been widespread. On the National Later, an opening for missionary work present- Missions' Committees, of which for many years he ed itself in the camp of Chief Tasunkekokipapi was a member, and in all missionary projects for (Not-afraid-of-his-horses), and he and his good which money has been needed, he has always been wife, Agnes, were selected as native workers for a most persistent and persevering leader. The conthat important field. He helped the missionary to gregation of the fine brick church of Yankton construct a log church and manse. The salary Agency owes much to his untiring efforts in helpwas small and discouragements many but when ing to raise over $10,000 for the edifice. the chieftainship fell to him, he resisted the worldly temptation and said to Mr. Johnson, LOUISE A. JOHNSON. "Cinye (brother), I would rather work for Christ Missionary of the Board of National Missions Presbythan be chief." terian Church, U. S. A., at Mitchell, South Dakota.

Joseph's religion is part of his daily living. Sundays found him preaching in the log church, holding his audiences spell-bound by his graphic pictures of Bible events and the application to their lives. On week-days he successfully cared for his stock, his farm and his garden. His neat home is adorned with flowers. Always progressive, he helped his people raise money towards a new church by sacrificial gifts, sales of their handiwork, suppers and entertainments.

Joseph, kind and sympathetic, loves children. He was ordained in 1930. When he was selected by presbytery as the only pastor competent to minister to a congregation afflicted with serious divisions, his people were unanimous against his removal. "He has been a father to us," they said. "We love him and cannot get on without him. Do not take him from us."

A neat, frame church now standing beside the old log building is "A memorial to Joseph Eagle Hawk." To the leadership of noble men like Joseph, the Church can safely trust the future of her Indian youth.

PETER ST. PIERRE was a Sioux Indian of understanding.

Recently he was suddenly taken from us by an automobile accident, but his influence will go on, bearing fruit to the glory of God. His name stands for the trust of Dakotas seeking his counsel, and the confidence of white missionaries consulting him about their many difficult problems.

In many ways he has hastened advancement among his people and he proved himself a trust-

Ways of

'Tested' Methods for Increasing Interest at Home s. EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO SUMMER CATERING (2) The story of Betsy Ross' tributes; gave the One-thou- sandth Psalm (by Edward The skilled dietitian modifies flag. (3) The story of Old Everett Hale) and offered a her menus according to the sea- prayer of thanksgiving. Muson: likewise, missionary or- Glory. (4) Changes in the flag sical features were the singing ganizations which run their of "This is My Father's World," meetings through the out-of- –1795-1818. (5) When our "Trees" and "A Garden." doors period of the year will "Some Seeds Sown in Our do well to introduce more rel- state (local) was added to the Reading Books" proved to be ishes, "greens" and appetite- flag. (6) Home Missions the reviews of seven books on the whetters than usual in their highest patriotism. This last, required reading list, the high programs. A few suggestions which is the main theme, may lights only being given. The gathered from here and there well be based on the study closing prayer was for special may prove timely, book, "The C hall eng e of guidance during the summer Change." Intersperse with mu- months. Each person received Wherever possible, out-door sic and brighten with costume as a favor a tiny card bearing gatherings are recommended, if desired. on one side a painting of a not only for hygienic reasons basket of forget-me-nots and but also for added attraction An Out – of – Door Garden on the other a plea for prayer and effectiveness. Party is always attractive. for the program committee as From reliable sources, like THE it plans the work for the com- Devotionals for Summer REVIEW and your denomina- ing year. Services tional missionary magazines, collect a variety of informa- Either of the foregoing gar- Use Psalms of the Out-of- tion. Type a series of questions den suggestions may be used doors, Friendships of the Bible, to which the facts will be the indoors, at any season of the Mountains of the Bible, Christ answers, the facts themselves year, the enjoyment of a preby the Lake and by the Sea- being on separate cards or slips tended garden party in winter side, Down – to – date Fishing, of paper. Pin all the slips being second only to the real Trees and Flowers, or Birds around promiscuously on trees thing. and Animals of the Bible, Fol- and bushes. At a given signal, lowing Christ through the turn the company loose among NEW TECHNIQUE FOR Fields and the By-Paths, Great them, a missionary book or Days by the Sea, Parables of magazine subscription being PROGRAM-BUILDERS Nature, The Bible an Anchor the prize for the one who to the Storm-Tossed, Lessons secures the most correct an- When your committee meets on Growth. Citations for the swers within the time limits. to arrange the schedule for the foregoing are surely unneces- This may be worked out in year's work, whether it be sary to readers of THE REVIEW. teams of two. At a picnic, the among juniors or seniors, have development might be carried as many sheets of blank paper Seasonable Appetizers still further with an ensuing as you expect to have meetings. camp fire on the fagot plan, Put the dates for the meetings A simple patriotic luncheon, with one continuous story re- at the tops of the respective either as an indoor or a picnic layed or short ones told while sheets. Then talk things over, feature, is appropriate for a individual fagots are burning. letting each person fill in her summer meeting, especially in sheet with the data decided July. But be sure to give it a At the Peddie Memorial upon, such as places of meetmissionary focus. Decorations, Church, Newark, New Jersey, ing, hostesses, leaders, big music and menus easily suggest a program was given in the events and celebrations, feathemselves. Topics for toasts garden of one of the members. tures you have decided upon or program talks (material The chairman was introduced stressing in the year's work, easily obtainable in any public as the Head Gardener and she etc. Discrepancies, clashes in library): (1) When is Flag directed the ensuing features.' dates, faulty distribution of Day and how did it originate? She read a song of praise call- ing upon "fruitful trees and all cedars" to render their [439 ]

features, failures to conserve ings don't just happen. They and the like. The Christian the values of calendar events are the logical outgrowth of Church over against this sets (such as February for patri- much prayer, pains and plan- the spirit of Christ. Upon the otic programs), lack of coop- ning. shoulders of the minister rests eration in the plans of the the responsibility for arousing pastor for the whole church, FOR A MISSIONARY-MINDED etc., are more likely to show PASTOR his people to understand and up in the hands of the several to' oppose secularism. If they committee members than if one By ROBERT LEONARD TUCKER, person were writing the sched- Ph.D. cannot be made to see this isule. And the plan also dis- sue no amount of aesthetics tributes responsibility. The Pastor of Indianola Methodist or prestige will save the secretary may organize the Church, Columbus, Ohio church. If the minister can make his people understand whole and prepare it for the A college professor received what this secularism is about, printer later. a copy of the first publication then nothing can persuade which a former student of them against a hearty support A fundamental point in all near-ordinary a b i lit y had of missions. They will plainly such planning should be to de- mailed to him. With a fine invelop the resources of your or- sight into life he acknowledged see that secularism is worldganization by getting as many the gift and said: "The older wide. The first privilege of a people on the program as pos- I grow the more I marvel at minister is to say to his people: the ability of some seed well "What shall it profit Smithsible within the time limits. A sown to burst forth and even- ville if it save every last inone-woman or girl society,' with tually to bear much fruit." The habitant from the blight of sec- missionary enterprise in the ularism and lose the whole of one brain weaving all the plans Christian Church suffers today the Church with its three hunand managing several gifted because certain germinal ideas dred millions?" Strange to say members to carry them out are not being planted in the there are brains enough in may make for brilliant pro- soil of the human mind and grams but eventuates in a par- nurtured so as to bear fruit. Smithville to understand what asitic organization with train- Indeed the missionary enter- this means if the minister will ing for leadership sacrificed on prise is not something set apart only take time to state the isthe altar of that one woman's from the rest of the program efficiency. Distribute responsi- of the Christian life. It is a nor- sue. mal expression of the very bility for the music, the decora- genius and spirit of the The idea of democracy is tions, the news items, the post- Church. riding heavy seas these days. ers, the invitations, the refresh- The forces which prevent the Fascism is against democracy. ments, even at the risk of pastor from projec~ing an ef- In Japan such life as there was lowered efficiency "in the short fective missionary program in in the body of democracy is run." Needless to say, natural his church are the identical being ruthlessly squeezed out endowments must be considered forces which would prevent his by .a group of militarists who in such a regime. The main projecting any church at all, if talks or addresses should be they had their sway. "Secu- at present will brook no interassigned to those able to make larism"-so the Jerusalem Con- ference. In China a neck-andthem effective. It may prove to ference felt-is the arch enemy neck race is taking place bebe constitutional to some very of the Christian religion today. tween democracy and commuefficient workers in other lines It is one of the supreme foes nism. Democracy has lost in to turn a rose garden into a of the missionary program. It Russia. It now begins to look miniature Sahara, if asked to expresses itself in politics by as if it might lose in China; present the program topics. setting a ranting sort of na- and if it is lost it will not be But every person with average tionalism over a g a ins t a regained in a century. Democ- thoughtful type of international racy, as expressing itself sense has some line of service cooperation. In economics it through race consciousness, is to which she may most profit- expresses itself in the lust for very restless in Africa, in India ably be assigned. Suggestions power and greed so characterfor observance of special oc- istic of our present order. In and other parts of the world. casions and presentation of out- science it is revealed in the In a peculiar sense, Jesus was standing features will be given provincial-mindedness w hie h the world's greatest democrat. in this department in ensuing declares that is most real which Only as men can be made to issues. But get busy with your can be seen with the eyes and see in Him some .spiritualized preliminary and general plans handled with the hands. In relong before the time for ac- ligion it is revealed mostly form of democracy and brothtivating them; and keep eyes through negatives that deftly erhood is there any hope for eliminate God, love, altruism the future. His convictions of and ears open all summer for brotherhood have been found suggestions as to the ways in valid. But if democracy is re- jected by the world outside of which others are making your the United States, none could line more efficient. Good meet- be so vain as to believe it would survive in this land of

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

ours. Let this issue be plainly this germinal idea will bear in our own era-when a church stated by the pastor and the fruit. It will require courage actually. believes this, the day time will come when his con- to discuss plainly the crass gregation will see that mis- greed characteristic of so much for missions has dawned in sions are essential in Anglo- American business which has that church. Saxon life to preserve its civi- been taken to the Orient. The lization from retrogression. One social Gospel is not popular Thus the missionary spirit cannot have democracy go with the rank and file of the does not depend on any single down in the Orient and have Church. But if the minister activity in any church. Nor it thrive in the Occident. Let does not cooperate with the should it be made to rest upon the minister make it clear that missionary to bring sanity to a lot of clever enterprises, dethe support of missions is es- the world, the hour will strike vices and schemes to arouse a sential for the perpetuation of when "chickens come home to flagging interest. For years such spiritual values as reside roost." in democracy, and the money these stunts have been experifor missions will be forthcom- One Lone Sermon mented with in the local church· in the face of a declining mising. The missionary program de- sionary interest. They have in- pends upon making the knowl- terested participants for the At first sight there might edge of the world situation time being, after which they prevalent throughout a church. have gone their way. To be seem to be no relationship be- One lone missionary sermon tween missions and a Christian each 'year will not serve. For a interested in a thing does not social order. But these issues pastor to understand the needs mean that one is convinced that of the Kingdom in his own the situation is desperate and stand or fall together. If wom- church or in his own denomina- that Christ is utterly necessary. en and girls work in a Chinese tion is not enough. The ac- But when the facts are borne hair net factory for a mere quaintance of the Christian should be as wide as the in- home week after week, when pittance, hair nets will be sold terests of the human race. Upon the Gospel is declared and disso cheaply that western maid- seeing the needs of the world cussed in terms as wide and ens cannot compete with them. it will gradually become clear deep as the cataclysmal hap- If the tariff wall be raised so that the old racial religions penings of this century, then as to keep such hair nets out simply cannot meet the deof the country all sorts of bit- demands of the hour. The pre- the very need of people and terness will result. Tariff set- sentiment that these faiths can- the capacity of Christ to meet tles nothing permanently. I do not. help China, India, Africa these needs will persuade or others will ripen into a con- thoughtful Christians of the not see how in America we can viction. The statement that moral imperative for them to hope to conduct commerce and people in non-Christian lands industry upon a reasonably re- are getting along pretty well share Christ. They will see as will be seen to be untrue. The an inevitable truth that one warding basis for fair wages conviction will grow that "no- who does not share Christ when in other parts of the body at any time or in any loses, and that if one does world social injustices are the place can ever get along com- share Christ, enthusiastic and order of the day. We cannot fortably without Jesus Christ." sacrificial giving to missions is escape the African and Chinese inevitable. diseases that result from pov- Now when, through sermons erty and ignorance when inter- from week to week, through a Well am I acquainted with communication is so intimate. carefully supervised curriculum the fact that there is little If the industrial mind estab- in the church school, through glory and much discipline in the mid-week devotional serv- any church when its parson lishes business in South Africa ice, through the discussions or Shanghai rather than in which take place in organized sets out to try to persuade his adult classes, the facts are people to rethink the Gospel New York or St. Louis because known, it will dawn upon the in terms that are world-wideit can be conducted more minds of people in local to make men see that the world .cheaply in the former, one can- churches that so great are the is utterly lost without a Christ needs that nobody except Jesus who can be shared with those not see how the citizen of Christ can meet them. When America is benefited. Yet the any church can thus be made in need. But this vision must missionary i~ the only vehicle to see that Christ is inescap"' mark the renaissance of a miswhich the Christians of the able, that without him we drift sionary spirit which is abiding western world have to convey into chaos· and that with him the tidings of a just social new life may actually begin and will never flag. The method order to the eastern world. is slow but it is sure. It obliges Surely the present world-wide this provincial – mindedness depression must impress the which afflicts American Chris- tianity to flee away. In its dullest mind that we all sink or stead it plants the mind of rise together. Let the pastor master the details and present Christ. Without him we can do this fact to his people and, as nothing. With him-and this the weeks pass, the sowing of must be an actual conviction- we "can do all things."

OUR HOME MISSION STUDY An Indian Peace Pow-Wow brave rises unannounced and TOPIC Invitations, given out on breaks into suitable music. Sunday previous to the meet- Close the program with earnest While it may be aesthetically ing : Yellow cardboard paddles prayer that all God's childrenattractive to build programs on which is inscribed, "Paddle white and red-shall unite to featuring tribal dances and your own canoe to the pow- bring peace upon earth and coother primitive, non-Christian wow at (place, date and hour). operative action to extend His customs, it is of doubtful Bring present for papoose" (if Kingdom among those of all spiritual value to stress such a shower for some missionary races. points of differentiation in an object is desired). era when our aim is to develop VISUALIZING WOMAN'S C h r i s t ian cooperation and Luncheon (optional): Serve unity of spiritual purpose. As on tables covered with brown WORK a recent writer says: paper or imitation of birch bark, the decorations being An attractive and instructive Our missionary task among the In- small tepees, lakes and deer. tea was given by the auxiliary dians is preeminently spiritual, to Food served in wooden butter of the Clark Street Methodist bring every Indian in those fields for boats. The menu may consist Episcopal Church in Toledo rewhich we have accepted responsibility of buffalo meat (beef cut in cently. The reception room into allegiance with our Lord and cubes, with gravy), baked represented the office of the Savior for worship and service in squash, corn bread or parched Woman's Home Missionary So- His Kingdom, that with Christians of corn, fruit. ciety,' with typewriters and other races they may interpret and other equipment. Here the accept the full meaning of his Lord- ship in their lives. The latest devel- Program: Repairing to the hostess, assisted by the comopment in work among the Indians is assembly room, the guests are mittee, received the guests and the effort to secure full cooperation seated in chairs arranged in explained the purposes and among all the agencies working semi-circles facing a tepee con- aims of the Society.

among the Indians-health, educa- tion, industrial, agricultural and re- structed of poles and blan- Next the guests were ushered ligious-to minister to the total need kets; in front a camp fire made into a room where they were with a red electric bulb placed instructed in the work of the of the Indian. The younger genera- under a pile of twigs or fagots. training school for missionaries and deaconesses. Pictures of tion is being educated, some in the In each chair has been laid a the school and outlines of the government boarding schools and brown paper canoe (cut in same were given. A working some in local day schools. The gov- canoe-outline and pen-sketched) deaconess and a graduate of opening like a book, with eight ernment theory of education is that as far as possible they should receive their education in company with white people.

The best Indian music fur- white canoe-shaped pages in- the school helped make this nishes desirable atmosphere side . containing the program. phase more interesting. and may well serve as background material. In addition to This serves as a charming The next room was devoted familiar songs arranged by souvenir of the meeting. Then to the schools and homes of to soft Indian music all pro- the Society, and was ably pregood composers, * "The Ameri- gram participants enter and sented by a former teacher of one of the Negro schools. can Indians and Their Music," seat themselves Indian-fashion by Frances Densmore (price about the camp fire. (Camp Following this came the hos- $2.50 in cloth) will be found fire girls' costumes are obtain- pital and nursery departments excellent. "Women of Trail and which were demonstrated by Wigwam," by Flora W. Sey- able in most communities, or, two trained nurses in uniform, mour ($1.00 in paper), affords lacking these, the garments who explained the work while valuable program material. may be easily fashioned from ministering to their charges. brown cloth beaded or fringed The flexible framework for The handwork of students an Indian program among as desired.) The devotionals from one of the schools was young people or in women's so- may be on "The Indian Gold- next examined, and it deserved cieties is furnished by one of en Rule"-Matt. 6 :12-with great praise, especially as peoour contributors. If used by the solemn question, "Have we ple of foreign birth had partici- done unto the Indians as we would have them do unto us?" the former, it would lend itself Then should follow a series of pated in the exhibit.

readily to a presentation of the brief, pointed talks by an op- A prettily appointed tea study book, "Indian Ameri- tional number of Indian im- table was presided over by a cans," by Winifred Hulbert. personators who pass an in- group of hostesses in still an- This book being an expression cense-filled peace pipe from one other room, and here an inof the thought and aspirations to another as in an actual pow- formal reception completed a of the young Indians of many wow, using the subject matter delightful afternoon. Thus the tribes. The title might well be: of whatever study book is phases of work carried on by • Send to your denominational literature under consideration. From time the Society were presented in headquarters for either of the above volumes. to time, an Indian maiden or a practical manner.

Through Eye-Gate 6. "Change course" when traveling And here is a Presbyterian if by so doing you can help to carry a device: The Secretary of Lit- The poster for the meeting burden too heavy for another. (Gal. erature in a local woman's so- (first used in the vestibule as 6:2.) ciety selected five women each an advertisement, then placed of whom prepared herself to at the front near the leader's 7. "Stop! Look! Listen!" Stop give some item or tell some desk during the opening serv- while there is yet time. Look care- story from the magazine to be ice) may well be a large rail- fully at your road map. Keep it al- presented. None but those in road crossing sign inscribed: ways by you. Listen to your con- the secret had been informed "Stop! Look! Listen!" Have science. Ask God to guide and guard what the program was to be, four lesser signs like those used you. (Ps. 25 :4.) the secretary merely asking if as guide posts, holding up the anyone present had a letter to appropriate one at each of the SECURING MAGAZINE read or a story to tell, whereitalicized phrases given below. upon, one after another, the These may be cut from card- SUBSCRIPTIONS women previously primed rose board and mounted on a and gave their subject matter. slender standard with supports Since the presentation of After each item, the secretary of its own, or be held in the "Madame Missionary Review," asked, "Where did you read leader's hand. But they will be in the April number of THE that, if I may ask?" the replies more impressive if lined up on REVIEW, we have received sev- all being in terms of the pubtable or platform as used. eral other excellent plans for lication majored. adding to the list of regular The theme for the devotional readers. These are well worth AN OLD INDIAN WOMAN talk is "The Bible," whose activating. The best thing you presence in the leader's hand can do to accelerate the mis- By LOUISE A. JOHNSON, Mitchell, So. is its own illustration as she sionary pace of your church is Dakota, Missionary to the Indians. speaks somewhat as follows: to get good monthly publica- tions. Your own denomination- Daughter, she, of chieftains proud; The Bible is the road map' whose al magazines need to be supple- Wooed by all with praises loud directions all travelers would do well mented with one furnishing the For her beauty and her grace. to heed. Weare promised safety and unlimited world view. In this Princess, she, of noble face, security if we follow its sign posts THE REVIEW is unique. Many braves her favor sought, along the way-if we stop, look and But her hand could not be bought. listen where danger lies in wait for The following Methodist device It, to him, should given be, us or where a clear view is difficult. is well recommended: A dinner Who showed most of bravery. Careful instructions mark the way to was served. All guests who the Father's house so that even were already subscribers to the One there was, a warrior tall through dark places one may expect magazine being promoted had Whom she loved the best of all. to arrive safely. Seven points of tiny keys pinned on them as Wooed he her with silent glance, caution should be given careful con- they entered the door. This Oft they met, as if by chance. sideration. was to awaken the curiosity of In the dance his stealthy tread others. At the close of the All the other dancers led. 1. "Slow down" upon approacking dinner a special song composed On the hunt for buffalo an important decision. Lift your for the occasion was rendered; He was always first to go. heart to the Father for the light that then the leader arose and hold- Or, when war-cries echoed shrill, never faileth. (Here read John ing up a key explained that He was foremost o'er the hill. 16 :13.) the magazine was a key to both interest and information. Sev- But the years have sped away 2. "Slow down" when we meet eral persons dressed in the Leaving her old and bent and grey. thQse of less Christian experience costumes of the countries con- Now the road with iron rail than we have had. We do not know cerned appeared and told in an Where was once the blood-stained whether they have been taught to interesting way the main drive well or steer their lives into points of articles in a recent trail. safe roadways in an emergency. (1 number of the publication deal- And the country all is changed Cor. 8:11.) ing with those countries. Next, White men's homes where Sioux once two persons displayed a copy 3. "Slow down" when approaching of the magazine with its pages ranged! parked lives which seem to have been pasted together end to end, to Now her children's children go stranded. Perhaps God led you that show how much the subscriber To be taught by the white foe. way on purpose to give you an oppor- got for his money. Representa- To the white man's God they praytunity for service. (Dan. 12:3.) tives of the magazine dressed She has never learned the way. in crepe paper costumes lib- She must potter round and work, 4. Come to a standstill ("Stop" erally decorated with pages of Doing what the others shirk; sign) when drawing near pedes- its contents took subscriptions trians, especially little children or from the audience, pinning on Bring the wood, and water haul, aged t1·a1!elers. Do not seek the each new subscriber a symbol- (Clad in faded gown and shawl,) right of way if it would injure or ical key from a pile ready to Make the fires, stir the soup. cripple anyone in his spiritual life. hand on the table. Others rest, but she must stoop (Roms. 15:1.) O'er the kettle, keep it hot, Eat the dregs left in the pot. 5. "Look out" for the unexpected entrance of temptation into your life. In a corner she may lie Some person, hurrying recklessly Crooning of the life gone by. along life's highway may scatter ob- Late I saw her on the road stacles that will surely wreck a trav- Bending neath a heavy load. eler who is not on his guard. (James Just a woman, old and grey, 1 :12.) Trudging, lonely, on her way.

~'I~===~=====""",,,=~

BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK RESEARCH IN AN INDIAN Of more general interest know the Dakota language but should be the human side of who know phonetics. LANGUAGE my work. It was first neces- sary to get an abundance of My people have excellent By ELLA CARA DELORIA text out of which enough ex- memories. They speak a sen- amples could be assembled to tence and then smoke quietly Miss Deloria is the daughter of a establish each grammatical while I type it; then they will tribal chief who became an Episcop.al rule. So I spent three winters pick up the thought where they clergyman in charge of work on a on the reservation, recording left off with the correct transi- large reservation for forty years. phonetically everything I heard tional word or idiom. I have She has a degree from Columbia -myth or true story, discus- yet to hear an informant say, University, was on the staff of the sion or joke or song. Because "Let me see, what was I say- National Board of the Y. W. C. A. I am r~lated to everyone in the ing last?" for three years, taught at Haskell In- stitute, and for four years has been ELLA CARA DELORIA IN INDIAN DRESS Occasionally something en- working partly under the Department tirely new has to be explained of Anthropology of Columbia Univer- tribe, through the Dakota sys- to me. In the main, though, I sity and partly under the Research tem of social kinships, informa-:- know at least something about Council in American Languages. tion was readily given. every subject that comes up. When, as a child, I lived at the Under the able direction of I always record on a type- Standing Rock Episcopal Mis- Dr. Franz Boas, head of An- writer, taking down each sen- sion where my father was thropology in Columbia Uni- tence as it is spoken, later add- priest in charge for many versity, I am doing research ing with a pen the accents and years, I spent all my waking in the Teton-Dakota language, numerous other marks neces- hours in the camp where the which I have used concurrently sary to give phonetic values to people came together for the with English all my life. the consonants. This is for the week-end to draw their govern- benefit of students who do not ment rations on Friday, visit Because it represents my with their mission school chilcare-free, play age, Dakota has dren on Saturday, and attend ever held my affection. Now services on Sunday. Happy that I am discovering daily days for grownups and chilsome definite underlying rule dren alike! I ran races and which governs its grammar, so climbed trees or played a Daneatly that we observe it re- kota dramatic game, "Why did ligiously in our speech while you kill my dog?" with as ignorant of its existence, I am much vim as the other children. coming to admire and respect But I used to leave any game Dakota as well. And to be to listen when the men sat amazed by it! To think that down on the grass to smoke this homely and natural tongue, and tell tales of war and the to which I used to turn for hunt. I joined anybody's campcomfort whenever Latin sub- fire to hear some grandmother junctives or English "shalls" relate .the tribal myths that and "wills" got too perplexing, could be told "only after sunhad its share of rules too! Un- down." I did not know then written, to be sure, yet func- why those stories always attioning in the speech of an un- tracted me, but I think now lettered people all of whom, that it was so that I could rediscounting children and indi- cord them for anthropology viduals of mental abnormality, and study their grammar later. speak grammatically correct, unconscious of why. A paper, My friends sometimes ask, pointing out newly-found rules "Why record a language that is of which Dr. Boas and I are dying out so rapidly? Now all the authors, will shortly appear in the International Journ,al of American Linguistics.

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BULLETIN OF COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSION

Indians are learning English." JULIA GIVEN HUNT their circle and there they My answer lies in their question, "Because it is dying out By HARRIET ROGERS KING knelt down and prayed that so rapidly." If we are to know anything about pre-historic Here is sketched the victorious life God might put an end to this America, we can only do it story of Julia Given Hunt, a Kiowa through those things that sur- Indian. Mrs. King is well fitted to evil. The young men. who unvive-ruins, mounds, arrow- tell the tale as she herself has lived heads, bits of pottery, yes, and and worked among the Kiowas for derstood English were ashamed bits of language; it is the only several years as the wife of the minway to enter into the thinking, ister at Rainy Mountain Baptist and one by one crept from the ideals, customs and beliefs of Church. the people closest to that dark tent. So the prayers of these age. At the death of their father, Satanka, Chief of the Kiowa, women did much to drive Dakota, commonly called the Buckskin, the warrior's son Sioux language, is an impor- and a little daughter, Odeleta- gambling out of the tribe. The tant member of the language di or "Spliced Hair," were stock known as Siouan. Al- adopted by a young govern- old Ghost Dance, too, was though a Dakotan cannot under- ment physician and given the stand the speech of one of the names of Joshua and Julia. largely given up through the cognate language tribes, mor- Later Joshua was sent to the phologically the languages are school in Carlisle, Pennsyl- untiring efforts of the two closely related. A complete an- vania, while Julia stayed in the alysis of Dakota would furnish home of her aunt, Mrs. Stumb- white women, with Julia Given valuable comparative data to a ling Bear. But Joshua remem- at their side. . student undertaking research bered his sister and soon sent into any of the others. Some for her that she might be sur- It was not all smooth sailing, of these cognates are spoken rounded by the fine educational however, for the Kiowas were by such tribes as the Omaha, and cultural advantages of the intensely suspicious of Julia, Winnebago, Oto, Kaw and the East. Julia became so expert believing that she was in league Biloxi in Mississippi, and the at cooking, sewing, washing, with the government in an at- Crow. They too are Sioux, and ironing and other household tempt to bring about the allotto think how we used to fight arts that she went by request ment of land, up to this time them! In those days, and in to aNew Jersey home where held as one large reservation. ignorance, did we kill our she soon forgot all the old In- Yet Julia never wavered. Her brothers or at least our cousins dian ways and lived as a white days were made beautiful by -and they killed us. girl, surrounded by beauty and con tin u e d service as she culture. She wore next to her traveled on horseback from I cannot close without paying heart a little silver cross which camp to camp, teaching the Ina tribute to those faithful mis- showed that the daughter of a sionaries, Riggs and William- chief was now a daughter of dian women how to make real son of the American Board, the King as well. homes, interpreting to the Kioand Dorsey, Cleveland and was not only the words of the Ashley of the E pis cop a I In 1893 Julia came back to missionaries but .their thoughts Church, scholars as well as the great plains of Oklahoma as well, teaching the white messengers of Christ, who took and, with two earnest missionthe time to make the first rec- aries of the Woman's Ameri- women words of the Kiowa ords in dictionary, texts, and can Baptist Home Mission So- language, and helping to transtranslations of the Bible, and ciety, lived in a little house the Book of Common Prayer. near the Big Tree Crossing. late a part of the New Testa- The results of their labor, un- The missionaries had· neither ment into the Indian tongue. dertaken in a day when the wagons nor harness and rode Best of all she lived Christ so language was undoubtedly in a horseback from camp to camp, consistently that she herself purer and richer state, provide telling the story of Jesus. Care- was the best interpretation to source materials of value for fully and patiently Julia began her fellow Indians of what it any study we make today. translating many Scripture means for the daughter of a verses into Kiowa so that the warrior chief to become the .,. .,. .,. Indians might "hide them in daughter of the Saviour King; their hearts." She put into their AN ALASKAN INDIAN RULE own tongue also the hymn Julia Given inspired many to "Come to Jesus," and how their Luxuries for none until there faces shone as they sang it. turn from the old path of sin are necessities for .all. The K i 0 was were great to join the pilgrims on the gamblers at this time, and the missionaries did not hesitate to Jesus Road. Among those who walk boldly into the midst of left the old way was a young Kiowa Indian named George Hunt, a bright, enterprising young man with a good educa- tion, who loved this young woman with the Christ love in her heart. And so Julia Given changed her name once more and became Julia Hunt. Into the new home she carried the strength, love and beauty which had characterized her work as Christian Interpreter. Theirs was one of the happiest of Ki- owa homes, a shining picture

for the many Indians who church, the little girl receiving from some old student telling visited it on business when the the name of Margaret. After about his success or failure and husband was engaged as Indi- a while, she fell in love with asking for advice and en- an farmer for the Government. the son of the first ordained couragement.

Many changes came to the minister among the Dakota Their children all went to tribe and to the little church of people. His father was named our mission school at Santee. which Julia was a faithful Ehnamani, which means Walks The eldest son, George, went on member so many years. From Amongst, for he was a tall man to Hampton, Virginia, which in a small group this church grew who walked among his people to a membership of two hun- like a chief. The young man re- those days took Indian as well dred and thirty-eight. Mrs. ceived the name of Francis and as Negro students. He decided Hunt was the leading spirit of the family name of Frazier, that he wanted to become useful the Woman's Missionary So- from the white blood in his to his own people so he went on ciety, and took charge of the veins. Francis and Margaret little folk in the Sunday School. were married about 1870. to a medical school in Denver, Her mother heart and winning Francis had learned the mill- Colorado. After graduation, he tact made her loved by these er's trade and for some fifteen did not go right into the Indian many little Kiowas as she was years the government employed Service because he was afraid loved also by their fathers and him in the old mill on the San- that some people might say that mothers. She always stood tee Reservation in Nebraska. solidly for the things that he was all right as an Indian meant progress for her people, Though he was a man of doctor, but-. So he established ever opposing what held them little education, Francis decided himself in a white community, back. that he wanted to follow in the and in competition with a white footsteps of his father and be- doctor he succeeded in securing By no means the least im- come a minister. Francis at- the larger part of the business. portant results of her strong tended school only two winters. Christian life are the son and There are really only two re- After he had proved his compedaughter who beat testimony quirements for leadership. You tence, he entered the Indian today to the strength and must be ahead of the people Service and for many years has wisdom of their mother's love. whom you lead and must still been a physician to his own Ernest is active in Sunday be in touch with them. Francis people. school and Baptist Young Peo- Frazier and his wife fulfilled ple's Union. Iolata has just these requirements, so the mis- Next was a daughter who had completed the last year of her sionaries sent them to Ponca a very fine voice, and with the college work at Keuka College. Creek on the eastern part of Caroline, a granddaughter, is ~he Rosebud Reservation to an help of the missionaries she at- tended the New England Conat Bacone. servatory of Music. Unfortu- nately, that disease, which has taken so many promising Indi- an boys and girls, became fatal and she died of tuberculosis Indian settlement, which had and was buried in the East. hardly been touched by Chris- The f rag ran c e of Julia tianity. Here the two worked Alice, the next daughter, for over fifteen years and when went from Santee to North- Hunt's life, made beautiful they left, there was hardly a field Seminary. After graduawith the Christ love which tion, she came back home and permeated it, rises today like sweet incense in many Kiowa family in the community which married. had not joined the Christian The last of the family is hearts. Church. After a year on a Philip. From Santee he went homestead, Mr. and Mrs. on to Yankton Academy and MARGARET FRAZIER AND Frazier went to our mission Mount Hermon, then entered HER FAMILY school at Santee, Nebraska, Dartmouth College, which was By RUDOLPH HERTZ where Mr. Frazier became pas- founded in prerevolution days tor of the Pilgrim Congrega- for the education of Indian Below the present site of tional Church. I have known youth. Towards the end of his Minneapolis and St. Paul, the many college and university freshman year the war broke Mississippi River widens to pastors but I doubt whether out and he enlisted as a volunform a long narrow lake called any has had closer relations teer. After a year in France, Lake Pepin. Some eighty years with pupils than Mr. Frazier. he came home and I first saw ago an Indian baby girl was From 1920 on Mr. and Mrs. him at a mission meeting in born on the shores of this lake. Frazier lived with me in my Santee, Nebraska, in the fall The father left the mother soon home at Eagle Butte, South of 1919. This was a discussion afterwards. When the little Dakota, where ¥r. Frazier be- meeting, and we had given to girl was in her teens, she and came my aSSOCIate and Mrs. Philip the question, "What her mother first came under Frazier kept house for us. good did I get out of the war?" the influence of Christian mis- Hardly a day passed that Mr. He said: "There is one thing sions and both joined the Frazier did not receive a letter I got out of the war. It was

BULLETIN OF COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

the first time I was taken for preparatory school at Elizabeth, until illness forced her to be- come inactive, she gave her exactly what I am; nothing New Jersey. Next she was time and strength to the Omaha Indians as medical miswas added to me, and nothing graduated from Hampton and sionary among them. Dr. Picotte was one of the organwas subtracted from me, be- entered the Philadelphia Wom- izers of the Presbyterian Church cause I am an Indian." Philip an's Medical College, graduat- at Walthill. went back to college, graduated ing two years later at the age from Oberlin and Chicago Sem- In later years she confined inary and is now a fully of twenty-two, with first hon- her medical activity to the trained and successful mission- ors in a class of one hundred. Presbyterian Hospital under ary to his own people in Okla- the Board of Home Missions at Following a year of hospital WalthiIl. This is indeed a mehoma. This summer he will experience, she was appointed morial to her unceasing labors, succeed me as superintendent Government physician among and located and equipped as she of our thirty Congregational the Omaha Indians. This serv- had planned, is the realization churches among the Dakota In- ice involved long trips over the of one of her dreams for her dians. reservation and four years of people.

And who was back of all the roughest life of exposure Her identification with the and hardship as she ministered religious life of the Omahas this desire for education and night and day to the needs of was ever foremost. Eight miles service? To some extent, of her people, when she was com- from Walthill she went over course, it was native in the pelled to resign, because of ill rough roads every Sunday to children, to some extent the health, she removed to Ban- the Presbyterian church at the father encouraged them, but croft, built up a large private agency to conduct services for the one who above all inspired the Indians and to speak to them was Margaret Frazier, practice and gave her services them in their own language. the one who was willing to to two races. Not only was she sacrifice everything in order sought by Indian patients, but For the last twenty years of that her children might ad- by white people who admired her life, which ended in 1915 when she was but forty-six vance. She had never been in her proficiency. years of age, she suffered from an incurable malady, never school. She had to make a In 1894 she married Henry being free from pain. In spite thumb mark on the back of a of physical limitations and tribcheck to endorse it, but she Picotte, a French Sioux Indian, al prejudice against the leaderknew her Bible, and through ship of a woman, for the last intending to live the quiet life fifteen years she was recogintimate communion with God, nized as the most influential she had learned some of God's of a homemaker but she could person among the Omahas. plans for her childre~. Mrs. not long withstand the needs Always indifferent to praise, Frazier had a keen mmd, and of her people and soon resumed she said before her death in used it not only in every-day her practice, gradually assum- answer to words of commenda- ing a spiritual leadership as tion, "I cannot see how any conversation, but to think out well. In addition to her prac- credit is due me. I am only the deeper things of life and tice she nursed her aged moth- thankful that I have been called especially to prepare her chil- er; reared two boys, train- and permitted to serve. I feel ing them and equipping them blessed for that privilege bedren for the greatest useful- yond all measure." for life's duties; cared for a ness. sick husband; conducted serv- -Adapted from Home Mission Monthly. ices in the little mission THE FIRST INDIAN WOMAN church; did active temperance NOTICE PHYSICIAN work; kept up her social ac- Through an error the dates and name of the chairman of the'cSouth- Susan La Flesche Picotte tivities, and never lost close ern California School of ~sion8 spent her early childhood o~ an personal touch with all the af- were omitted from the list wnfeh apunsettled Indian reservatIOn; fairs of her people. She at one peared in the June Bulletin. This her home was a tepee. In an time led a delegation of her School of Missions will be held in unusually brief time she tribesmen to Washington. This Los Angeles, September 26-30. Mrs. evolved from primitive life to· proved to be the most impor- W. S. Dysinger, 1419 Sixth Avenue, highest civilization, and today Los Angeles, California, is the Chairstands out as a unique figure tant and successful mission man. in the annals of the North ever undertaken by her tribe American Indian. Her rapid for through the protest preadvance educationally was due to her keen mind and unlimit- sented to government authoried courage. After elementary ties the sale of liquor in towns education at a mission school on the Omaha and Winnebago reservations was forever pro- hibited in the title conveyanc~s.

and a government school, she After her husband's death in was brought East in 1879, at 1905, she built an attractive the age of thirteen years, and home for herself and her two placed for three years in a boys, Caryl and Pierre, and

r OUf W orld,wide Outlook ""'

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~=I~~~~~~~~~~~~~I'~ NORTH AMERICA starved. Sanitary conditions Among the Cherokees Indians at the Coolidge Dam became so bad that disease In eastern Oklahoma live wiped out a large part of the The American Indian today tribe until less than 5,000 re- some 35,000 Cherokee Indians, main today. the majority of whom are pracis not a savage hunter of wild tically untouched by any earnbeasts and always ready to Meanwhile, the Christian spirit also penetrated the desert est or effective effort to bring scalp an enemy. The ancient in the person of the mission- them the Gospel. The Baptists ruins of Casa Grande, a few aries, led by Dr. Charles H. and Presbyterians reach a part miles from the Pima reserva- Cook, who was succeeded by of these with more or less regution, in Arizona, produce evi- Dr. Lay. Year after year they lar services, and our Gospel dence that 700 years ago the Missionary Union has one misancestors of the present Pimas pointed out to the government sionary who makes monthly had a great four-story apart- how this quiet, peace-loving, inment house, which accommo- dustrious group of native visits for preaching services dated 18 families. It was built through a circuit of four commainly to be a watch tower Americans had been robbed of munities, while in each a strugfrom which those on guard their chance of livelihood by could look far across the fields, the inconsiderate white man. gling Sunday school holds forth then cultivated by irrigation, a faintly glimmering light from see any approaching enemy, and Finally the Coolidge Dam week to week. We learned of call in the workers in the field one school for the Cherokees to defend their homes. Cloth was built and was dedicated on known as Dwight Mission, made from cotton, and grains March 4, 1930. Already some carried on by the Presbyterians, of parched corn found in the 4,000 acres are under water, some twenty miles to the south ruins, indicate that corn and but the Indian reservation con- of our station, and were incotton were raised 1800 years tains about 50,000 acres and formed it is the oldest mission ago in the Gila valley. As early over this vast area all sorts in the United States, founded of machines are working daily about 1825. to reclaim the desert and make it into a fertile valley. As to my own work among as 1694 the Pima Indians had -Presbyterian Advance. the Cherokees, we found op- a great irrigation system, by means of which the waters of New Style of Indian Council portunity for witnessing in the Gila River were diverted The reservation Indians send three directions, Sunday school, into canals and ditches and delegates twice a year to the school, and home. Sometimes used to produce great crops of Indian Council in Riverside, from five to eight girls and farm products. At the time of California. Fourteen years ago from ten to fifteen young men the Civil War these Indians Jonathan Tebbett, a Christian, attend the Sunday school. The had thousands of tons of wheat built a huge red brick open-air public school was opened to us stored which the government fireplace and chimney on his for teaching the Bible to the bought to feed the Federal grounds. The chimney bears a children two half hours each armies. huge cross. In front of it he week. Here we taught one verse But the white man invaded planted a large ring of eu- of Scripture each week, the the lands of the Pimas. He di- calyptus trees, now grown tall. teachers lending most helpful verted the waters of the Gila Behind it he built board dormi- cooperation by drilling the chil- River nearer their source until, tories and open-air cooking dren in memory work of the except in times of flood, there places. The dormitories he made verses, and also the hymns and was practically no water. Year available to American Indian Gospel choruses taught. after year the patient Pima delegates without charge. The major part of our serv- planted his seed, as his ances- Here was an old Indian, 99 ice was given to visitation work tors had planted before him, years of age, who spoke in the homes. This little comand then hoped for water. But through an interpreter. He or- munity center of Lyons has year after year he was disap- ganized the Indian Federation, neither post office nor station pointed. So the Pimas ceased which one day a year during (though trains do stop on sigto raise the needed crops. They one of its two all-week councils, nal) for Lyons consists of four became day laborers. They cut allows white" visitors to listen homes and two stores. The the mesquite of the desert and in. He died in 1930 but Mrs. people are very poor, though, and in visitation work we dissold the wood. They almost Tebbett carries on.

[448 ] covered that many were still members in 17,771 organiza- Dr. Joseph A. Vance of Detroit, out of school because of lack of tions in the United States. In- include: race prejudice, nashoes and clothes or school digenous organizations on mis- tional jealousies and rivalries, sion fields number 468, with unequal distribution of wealth, books. STELLA DARNELL, in The Pilot. 11,000 members. Missionaries refusal of nations to find peace- of the Society number 722. In ful means to settle their inter- Signs of Cooperation the Society's grade schools are national disputes, the suspicion A significant trend toward 67,216 pupils. Two colleges are and distrust of militarism, recloser cooperation among de- supported in full and the main- bellion of poverty-stricken nanominations in missionary tions accepting financial slavery work was the annual meeting tenance of ten union colleges is shared by the Society. Nine- that another nation may live of the Interdenominational teen hospitals, thirteen dis- in luxury, and scattered here Council for Spanish-Speaking pensaries and three welfare and there, as a corrupting in- Work in the Southwest, in fluence in all our social life, Santa Fe, N. M., February 23- centers are maintained. the traffickers in sensuality 26. This Council is the joint It is especially gratifying and immorality corrupting Committee of the Home Mis- youth with their amusements sions Council and the Council that in spite of the unusual and literature, and the idling economic conditions of the last practical atheists who are both quadrennium, especially of the the victims and possessors of last year, the work 6f the So- vast inherited wealth, and in of Women for Home Missions ciety has not been curtailed and their tandem adulteries losing for work among Mexicans and all Qbligations have been met. both their capacity for God and Spanish-speaking Americans in the meaning and duty of hu- Rural Church Situation the United States. The Santa· man brotherhood. Three types of fields require Fe gathering was the twentieth Edwin E. Sundt, writing in annual meeting of this body, The Baptist upon "A New Day more adequate treatment: (1) which is made up of the de- for the Country Church," Overchurched communities, exnominational superintendents marks a change for the better, isting in every section of Amerand workers carrying on mis- and gives some interesting in- ica. (2) The unchurched comsionary activities among these formation: munity. Recent surveys indipeople. As one result of the A decade ago the future of rural cate 5,000 such areas, embracfellowship of these two decades churches appeared cheerless. Pro- ing 5,000,000 people. (3) The inadequately occupied field, due denominations are ready to testantism had closed 25,000 country churches since 1920 and out of the to non-resident pastors, irregusubmit their budgets and pro- remaining 101,000 less than twenty lar preaching and poor equipgrams to each other for re- per cent were reporting progress. Our ment. view. The next meeting is to 67,000 rural preachers were receiving be in EI Paso, Texas, Septem- an average stipend of $1,029 per year, which actually meant that thouber 20-23, of this year. sands labored for an income of con- American Tract Society siderably below $1,000. With such Missionary Education in the salaries, there was little hope of se- At the 107th annual meeting curing the type of leaders for which D.V.B.S. of the American Tract Society, the new day called. The abler men the most extensive work in were forced to see economic better- Ten or twelve denominations many years was reported. The are participating in the effort ment in urban fields. Hence the con- to increase world brotherhood colporteur service has been in-· tinuous retreat. ideals among the million or creased to meet the opportuni- Since 1925 .over one hundred larger ties offered by the unemploy- parishes have been organized with a ment situation. During its his- new type of religious cooperation. We more children who will attend tory the Society has published Vacation Church Schools dur- have learned to cooperate without sur- ing June, July and August. rendering the inalienable rights of local churches. There are, in some The International Association larger parishes, as many as fifteen and distributed Christian liter- smaller churches combined for service, of Daily Vacation Bible Schools, ature; 844,000,000 tracts, leaf- rather than any attempt to eliminate operating as a Department of lets, pamphlets, periodicals and valuable loyalties. By p.ooling· funds books in 180 languages and dia- a higher grade of leadership is se- the International Council of Religious Education, is cooperlects. The colporteurs have cured and men with proper vision, visited more than 2,500,000 homes. Last year nearly 500,~ consecration and training are creating ating in promoting the follow- 000,000 pieces of literature ing objectives: were distributed in more than life-centered programs. In these parthirty languages. ishes salaries average $2,000 or more, . 1. An adequate program of and when fifteen or, as is usually the missionary education available case, only five churches combine under for all Va cat ion Church the leadership of two or three vigor- Schools.

ous leaders, the result has been amaz- 2. Sharing by boys and girls ing. in North America of their Methodist Women's Work Home Mission Problems The Woman's Foreign Mis- "Pressing evils" and "run- happy vacation experience with sionary Society of the Metho- ning sores" in the national field underprivileged children of the dist Church reports 487,581 of home missions, according to world.

3. The mIssIOnary extension successful among young people houses erected and equipped, of the Daily Vacation Bible and in his half-century of min- the Aklavik Hospital enlarged, Schools among unchurched chil- istry has organized many Sun- and the Pangnirtung Hospital dren of American and untaught day schools. The Salt Lake built and established; while an children in foreign mission City church has a substantial Eskimo residential school had lands. brick building, a parsonage and been established at Shingle a home for students. The two Point, at which there are The Work of One Missionary pastors t r a vel continually thirty-four children in resi- among the scattered Japanese. dence and nine day scholars. In an effort to bring the The Methodist Churches of the During the same period thirtytruth of the Bible to the rural Pacific Coast have 2,169 mem- five missionaries have been sent communities of Southwest Ore- bers. out and sixteen have returned gon, Rev. E. Iverson, Presby- from the field, leaving a net terian home missionary, last Japanese Circuit Rider gain of nineteen workers. year traveled 20,310 miles, made 851 visits to families, 71 Such is M. Tsuji of Ogden, -The Living Church. Sabbath-schools were visited in Utah. Here is an extract from session, 249 sermons and ad- his own report of a recent mis- LATIN AMERICA dresses. delivered, conducted or sionary journey: assisted in 85 workers' con- Training for Good Citizenship ferences, with 865 in attend- "I have made a trip of perance; organized eight new Sab- sonal visiting missionary work The Christian Institute in bath-schools, revived four, illto this summer for about sixteen Castro, Parama, Brazil, is a which were gathered 420 pupils days, yisiting Green River, type of school which is ecoand teachers, 14 home depart- where I met with son. Then I nomical, efficient, thoroughly ments, and nine cradle rolls went to Rock Springs and Ham- Christian. Teachers and pupils started. One young people's er mining camp, and Cheyenne, live, work and study together society was organized and 60 Kennerer and Blaser, mining as one family. The schools are decisions for Christ were re- Japanese camp, where I had located on farms of from 600 ported; 7,538 pages of litera- small meetings. Then I came to 11,000 acres, and all the ture were distributed, also 242 to Pocatello, where I was not work is done by the students. Bibles and Testaments. Con- able to have any meeting be- They are not "educated away" ventions and institutes attend- cause people of farms were so from rural conditions, but are ed, 12; evangelistic meetings busy, and so I spent one night trained to Christianize all the held, six, with 280 in attend- at my friend's house, Mr. K. relationships of life. ance; catechisms distributed, Kawamier, Japanese rancher. 45. Four adult Bible classes Then I went to Idaho Falls, A number of former pupils were started; eight teachers' where I had very nice meet- are now directing schools in training classes, with 28 mem- ing. Audience about 100. Spent the interior, helping to reduce bers; eleven Daily Vacation two night there. Mr. and Mrs. the estimated 75 per cent il- Bible schools were conducted, Uchida, members of Japanese literacy. Of the 40,000,000 inand 56 religious week-day Bible church in Salt Lake City, moved habitants of Brazil, it is estilesson books are in use among there, and now Mr. Uchida is mated that about 1,000,000 are the public school teachers. secretary of Japanese associa- Protestant. The Presbyterian tion and his wife is teacher of Church has 44,000 members, -The Presbyterian. Japanese language school. They 330 organized churches, and helped me so greatly for meet- 165 ordained national ministers. Christians from Japan ing this time. They are very The more populous parts of good Christians. Then I went Brazil have been turned over Two Christian churches seek to Rexburg, where I had nice to the national Evangelical to care for the 5,000 Japanese meeting. At Twin Falls there Church, which is efficiently orwidely scattered over Nevada, is my church member, Mrs. ganized and is independent. Wyoming, Idaho and Utah. Tsugujang, widow, who is the These Japanese are mostly owner of farm of forty acres -Women and Missions. farmers, but some are em- and living there with her chilployed in coal and copper mines. dren, who were baptized in Protestantism in Mexico These churches, one in Salt Ogden years ago." Lake City and one in Ogden, Mission schools of the vari- Utah, are union enterprises of -Congregationalist. ous Protestant denominations the American Missionary Asso- are struggling for their lives, ciation and the Presbyterian Arctic Mission especially since the enacting of Board of National Missions. the latest laws signed by Presi- The pastor of the Ogden The Arctic Mission of the dent Ortiz Rubio, on January church, Mitsutaro Tsuji, a man Protestant Episcopal Church 1, 1932. Besides limiting the of seventy-three, is especially reports that during the past number of priests and min- five years three new churches isters in the Federal District have been built, four mission to one for each 50,000 inhabit-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ants, the law also prohibits any EUROPE An interesting fact is the school incorporated by the gov- Scotch Churches Face Crisis statement of sources from ernment to give classes in Bible, which gifts for this work have to carryon any religious serv- In the Church of Scotland, been received. W h i I e the ices within its walls (including contributions for foreign mis- amounts in themselves are not daily prayers and the asking of sions which were £92,301 in so very large, it is significant the "Blessing" at the table), 1930, had shrunk in 1931 to from where they came. For or to have any ordained men £88,240. The average during instance, the Spanish Congreon the faculty. It is probable the five years preceding 1930 gations in the north of Africa that the immediate cause of was £103,348. The result is a contributed 1,501 francs and this enactment was the reli- fresh deficit of '£25,000. The the Spanish Sisters of the Tegious celebrations in December work cannot now be carried on tuan Mission to the Jews conwhen the Catholics celebrated with the former average assets. tributed 50 pesetas. the 400th anniversary of the More than half of the total appearance of Guadalupe, their amount spent on the work is A Danish Laymen's Movement raised abroad by contributions patron saint, just when the Twenty years ago the Laygovernment thought it had of native churches, school and men's Movement was organized subjugated the Roman Cath- hospital fees, and government in Denmark. At the recent anolics. Although the government grants. Everyone of these niversary celebration the chief is not Protestant, the less than address was made by the presi- 100,000 Evangelicals in the sources threatens to shrink in dent of the Danish Mission Socountry have made themselves 1932 to an alarming extent. ciety, Pastor A. Busch, who rean influential force. Accor:dingly, the committee called the fact that on the in- has decided in the first in- vitation of some laymen who -Presbyterian Advance. stance to reduce expenditures were devoted to the cause of at the rate of £10,000 per an- missions, Dr. John R. Mott The Gospel for Mutineers num. The various mission coun- came to Denmark and organ- cils are being consulted as to ized the movement with be- Mr. William M. Strong, Di- how this sum may be saved, tween 150 and 200 laymen, rector of the Soldier's Gospel the following suggestions being "for service and help to all Mission of South America, tells existing Danish mission soof a visit to the prison ship considered: (1) retirement of cieties." The movement has "Lautaro," anchored off the existing members of the mis- done much to keep alive a misisland Quiriquina, Chile, where sionary staff, (2) refraining sion spirit in Denmark and has is located a fort and training from filling vacancies, (3) contributed large sums toward school for sailors. Following a the work. mutiny, 5,000 were confined in withdrawal from a field or various places. No one was al- fields, (4) cuts on missionaries' -Danish Missionsblad. salaries, (5) reduction of home administration expense, and (6) reduction in m iss ion lowed to see them, not even the grants. Home Missions in Germany officers except in discharge of their duty; but the authorities The Bible in Spain The Central Committee for granted the privilege of preach- The Spanish agency of the Innere Mission of the German British and Foreign Bible So- Protestant Church has charge ing and distributing New Tes- ciety reports for the past year, taments to a large proportion today of 26,500 institutions and which is the year following the homes, where daily 413,000 of the mutineers at four dif- revolution, that it marks the ferent points, totaling 3,000 highest point in the circulation persons are looked after. The of the Bible among Spaniards. work is done with little help men. All other reading matter The total number of copies of from the Reich and the Church, had been prohibited. Many of the entire Bible, of Testaments being almost completely a volthe prisoners begged for some- and Gospels sold, amounts to untary work of love. As is exthing to read. Before the visit 275,000. This figure is more to the ship, Mr. Strong had than 100,000 above the sales pressed by its name, the "Inalready preached the Gospel reached in 1873-1874, the year nere Mission" fulfils a mission and distributed Testaments to after the first revolution. Thus of a special kind, not only atalmost 1,000 men on the island the new liberty has brought for itself. This recent mutiny, ap- tending to bodily, economic and parently prompted by Russia, social needs, but also conveying the healing and helping powers is one of the most serious ever a large number of Spaniards of the Gospel of Christ to those to occur in Chile, but the con- the opportunity Of obtaining who, in these modern times, are finement of so many men with the Word of God and has given often u n t 0 u c h e d by these the reading of the Bible only is an equal opportunity to the. spiritual forces. plainly an instance of making Bible Society of placing more A great army of workers is "the wrath of man to praise copies of the divine word than required; 40,000 trained nurses Him." ever before. and 4,100 "deacons" are em-

ployed. There are 1,600 trained where no Protestant Church ex- held weekly, to review the men, 3,500 social welfare wom- ists." physical and spiritual needs of en workers, and more than 10,- camp homes. 000 employes and assistants Dr. Alexander Teich of Viendoing educational and nursing na, a leader of the World Union -Missionary Herald. work in houses and offices. of Jewish Students, has just come to America to interest Atheism on Chocolate Bars -Presbyterian Banner. Jews in the problem of anti- Semitism in Europe. He and At the instigation of the So- Atheism Outlawed other European representatives ciety of the Godless, chocolate of the International Student bars in Russia are now being President von Hindenburg of Service declare that the problem put up in wrappers on which Germany has dissolved the of anti-Semitism in European pictures and poems of an anti- Communistic "Internationale of universities is handicapped by religious character appear. As Proletarian Free Thinkers," the lack of cooperation from the an example, Evangelischer "The Free Thinkers Pioneers," United States. In certain Amer- Pressedienst reports that one and the women's branch. Pros- ican colleges there is also a form wrapper carried the picture of ecuting attorneys throughout of anti-Semitism which has been a workman kicking saints and Germany have received instruc- largely discriminatory and does angels; on the other side was tions to proceed s eve rei y not resort to violence such as the legend: "Out of vengeance against the atheists. characterized much of the recent on all bourgeois we will start a anti-Semitic outbreaks in Euro- world fire." Another wrapper The New Y ork Herald Trib- pean universities. contains the picture of a Rusune states: "This was justified sian priest with a whiskey officially on the ground that the Several cities in Poland have flask in his hand, on the other fiat against political excesses no been the scenes of anti-Jewish side of which is printed: "The longer sufficed to curb 'the pro- riots, in which more than 200 Pope holds the service and is vocative behavior of godless as- Jews-women and children as greatly depressed. He is sorry sociations,' and that 'through well as students-have been because of Sunday, for his the dissolution of these organ- beaten, their property destroyed prayer does not reach his Fathizations, the ground is cut from and even the tombstones in their er God." under communist godless prop- cemeteries demolished. Repreaganda, which is intended to sentatives of both sides in Vilna Exiled Christians in Russia undermine Christian culture assured the authorities they and morals as preparation for would do all in their power to Communications fro m Rusa bolshevist revolution.' " stop the riots. The Polish "The sian Christians, suffering from League of the Green Ribbon," of the 'Soviet regime, show the rea- The Problem of Jews in Europe which even school boys and girls son why multitudes would es- are members, have undertaken cape from the country if it were Sir Leon Levison, chairman of an economic boycott, as well as a possible. A thousand or more the Hebrew Christian Alliance soc i a I and intellectual ban recently attempted to cross the and a member of the Interna- against Jews. border into Rumania, over the tional Committee on the Chris- frozen Danube River, but most tian Approach to the Jews, Work in Greece of them were mowed down by writes: Soviet machine guns. Evangelical teaching in Greece "Among the vital plans pro- is done by ten organized Dr. George P. Pierson, for posed at a recent conference to churches, with seven settled forty years an American Presmake missionary work for Jews pastors and two evangelists byterian missionary in Japan, in Eastern and Central Europe who visit eighteen centers and writing in The Presbyterian, effective are (1) caring for supply vacant pulpits. Mem- quotes from a number of letters young Hebrew Christians after bership in these c h u r c h e s received from Christians forced they are baptized, (2) establish- ranges from 20 to 350. Arme- to hard labor in lumber camps ment of an industrial and agri- nian evangelical work, as apart in Siberia and northern Russia. cultural colony in Poland where from the Greek, largely centers We quote: young converts can be trained in in the four organized churches trades and in agriculture to be- of the refugee camps near "Our situation is hard to describe. come self-supporting, (3) a He- Athens. At one camp a sub- It is torment for young and old; it brew Christian colony in Pales- stantial church building has makes no difference how cold it is, all tine where selected Hebrew been erected and serves as a must go to work in the forest. We Christians from Poland may be center for all neighborhood ac- are forced to work from dawn till settled that they may bear tes- tivities. Bible reading is an dark without food while in the forest; timony to the Jews in Palestine integral part of the work, and and the great cold registers 30 to 39 and throughout the world, (4) five leaders regularly visit the degrees frost. a commission to consider estab- refugee camps. In addition, lishing a Hebrew Christian round table conferences are "The Pajak (food ration) gets Church in countries where Jew- smaller and smaller, so that we have ish converts are not welcome in not enough bread to eat. They do the Christian c h u r c h e sand not provide us with winter clothing, and so far we have not been paid any- thing for our work. And so our

1932J OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

. . . prayer rises daily to the Lord, superficialized, so that while hundreds flicted on the native population 'When will the hour of our deliver- are confirmed they soon fall away. of about 2,000,000 by the 15,- ance strike, and release us from this 000 descendants of American exile?' " Confession has been the cause of freed slaves sent to Africa by much mischief. As an African who "The least and most despised understands the psychology of his fel- human beings on the face of the earth low Africans, I urge that the ritual- the Abolitionists about a cen- istic services of High Churchism are tury ago. are we. The destitution, grief, misery, of little or no benefit to the average humiliation that we are now endur- African. They do not in the least To help meet the situation ing, cannot be described. Everyone of us is driven to work in the forest, help him on the road to the Kingdom the Commission on Race Relafrom the age of twelve to seventy tions and the Commission on years and over; in short, everyone of Heaven. Was it not the lowly International Justice and Goodwho can walk must work." Nazarene who warned his followers will of the Federal Council have "Vermin abounds, because for wEeks to beware of Pharisees and their long flowing garments, teaching them that we have not been able to change our the Father is a Spirit to be worshiped united in forming the Commitclothes, for no one may go home in spirit and in truth. "Sir, we would tee on African Welfare, with see Jesus." Please lead us to Him in Dr. Merrill F. Clarke as Chairuntil the 'norm' of work has been the simplest possible manner. man. The Committee's plan is: done. Only mothers of children two months old are allowed to go home at noon to nurse them. Women up to Prayer for Everyone 1. To study the conditions and sixty-five years old, men up to problems affecting the native peoples seventy and over are made to work. The Cathedral of Bloemfon- of Africa from the standpoint of so- tein, South Africa, observes the cial and economic progress and hu- D. Oskar Schabert, Freiheit- custom of having intercessions man rights, particularly as created strasse 27, Riga, Latvia, is in each day for one or more of charge of the International Re- the parishes and missions of by agricultural and industri.al devellief for the Russian Christians. opments in which American interests Contributions sen t to Rev. the diocese, so that in the are concerned; George P. Pierson, 311 South course of the year everyone is 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 2. To confer and advise with othwill be forwarded. remembered in prayer. Bishop er groups, societies and joint councils Carey, of the Cathedral, makes of whites and natives in Africa and this comment on the custom: other lands which are interested in "I like to think that not a man promoting the welfare and advocat- goes to work in the diocese, not ing the rights of the native peoples; a woman takes up her house- AFRICA hold duties, not a child goes to 3. To provide information and school, without the blessing help to bring to bear on particular Air Service Extended that is brought on them by the situations an informed and intelligent intercession at the Cathedral. public conscience in support of social After many years of survey, I wish every farmer would re- and economic progress and native preparation and experiment, a member as he goes out to the rights. new weekly air service was fields that he is not forgotten opened from Croydon to Cape of the Church." -Federal Council Bulletin. Town, giving also postal service for countries enroute, such -Living Church. Sleeping Sickness Eradicated as Irak and Persia. In February, 1931, Imperial Airways Dr. Clement C. Chesterman, opened a 5,000 mile route as Baptist Missionary Society medfar as Kisumu, in Kenya, which ical missionary in charge of the hospital at Yakusu, near Stan- leyville in the Belgian .Congo, vastly improved communica- says that sleeping sickness has tions between England and For African Welfare been wiped out in that district, East Africa. The new line Savery is again demanding a disease that once affected 30% covers a distance of nearly attention. Notwithstanding the of the population. This has been 8,000 miles, and is covered in Anti-Slavery Convention of accomplished by systematic exten and a half days. Previously, 1925, ratified by 41 nations- amination and treatment of all mail to Cape Town required including Liberia – and not- those affected. The important seventeen days. From south- withstanding reports of the part of the scheme has been the ern Sudan to the north of the League's Commission of In- training of native medical as- Union two weeks is saved. . quiry in 1930, and of the Com- sistants, and putting them into African Asks for Simplicity mittee of Experts in 1931, little progress has been made in rec- rural dispensaries distributed An African Christian named tifying the shocking conditions over the area. There are also Malloku pro t est s against masses, incense, processions discovered. It is maintained welfare centers linked up with and the like in mission services that Liberia has broken her the dispensaries, and visited on the Gold Coast. In his covenant, and the problem letter printed in Elder's Review once a week by the native assistof West African Affairs, he ant. says: there is particularly difficult be- As the welfare centers are The clergy's attention is drawn from weightier matters; preaching cause the Black Republic is a linked up with the dispensaries, declines in quality; spiritual life is protege of the United States, so both are linked up with Com- which would seem, therefore,. munion centers in charge of na- to have special responsibility in tive pastors. "The medical helping to end the outrageously work," says pro Chesterman, "is corrupt and cruel misrule in- an indispensable partner to the

religious work of our mission, was opened in Constantinople older girls of the Sidon Girls for once we have converted the last February, others will open School are able to be present. people from their belief in the in twelve other cities. As an The total attendance is between connection of evil spirits with important means of enlighten- five hundred and six hundred. disease, to a belief in our medi- ment, good reading will be Because some Moslem women cine as a cure, it is easy to trans- stressed; village branches will attend, men are asked to absent fer their belief in these spirits to teach reading and writing to themselves and a meeting is the loving God who inspires our the peasants. Telegraph and held for them in the evening. work."-South African Outlook. radio will be freely used to Prayers are offered in several keep alive an interest in cur- languages, and hymns sung in King's College, Budo rent events. Arabic and Armenian.

King's School, Budo, opened Syrian Orphanage One of the features of the in 1906, was the first public Day of Prayer in Aleppo is an school in Uganda. Budo Hill for Seventy-two yea r sag 0 offering of cracked wheat. Each generations has been to Uganda (Nov. 11, 1860), Pastor Lud- woman, when about to cook the almost w hat Fujiyama is to wig Schneller opened the Syrian daily meal, takes one handful Japan. Here kings we r e Orphanage in Jerusalem. The from the pot and puts it in a crowned, and the "keeper" still occasion was the result of the bag for the Society. This ulkeeps free from weeds the ring terrible slaughters that were timately goes to the poor or is of stones inside which would be perpetrated by the Druses sold for the benefit of missionbuilt, of cane work and thatch, among the Christians of the ary work. the native hut for the king to Lebanon Mountains. More than keep vigil on the night before 20,000 widows and orphans Brotherhood Encouraged his coronation, after w h i c h were then roaming homeless there was an orgy of blood as through that region. Today the This year there are in the the warriors, maddened with Schneller District has more Presbyterian mission schools in excitement, rushed down the than 40 buildings, containing Syria eleven kin d s of Chrisvall e y s butchering· wherever orphanages for boys and girls, tians and eight kinds of nonthey went. Those old enough to schools, creches, homes for ap- Christians; of Christians, five remember this must have been prentices, an asylum for the kinds of Roman Catholics, five grateful to God when, in 1917, blind, a preparatory school, a kinds of Eastern Orthodox chilthey saw Daudi Chwa made seminary and parish houses. dren, and the evangelicals. king while native choirs sang There has been added during A m 0 n g the non-Christians, "0 God, our Help in Ages the last few years a large in- Jews, Sunni and Shiite Mos- Past." Soon the sacred hill was dustrial school in which pupils lems, Ismailites, Druze, Bahais, crowned with four dormitories, may be trained in all kinds of Alaouites, and even a devil worclass rooms, Great Hall, a house trades by modern methods. At shiper, all of whom sit side by for the missionary, a workshop present 370 children are being side in the schools. and a most beautiful chapel. reared in the institutions. There Following the war, Uganda de- are 30 apprentices and 43 The whole political system of veloped so rapidly that it be- learners busy in the various Syria tends to continue these came necessary to reb u i I d workshops. lines of cleavage by making the King's School almost entirely parliament a representation of and to join with it the Mengo -Evangelishes Lutheran religious groups. Missionaries High School, a boarding school M issionsblatt. hope that these children and for young boys. In January, young people, about 3,500 of 1926, this new King's College Learning to Pray Together them, as they work and play toopened its doors to 270 boys. gether in an atmosphere imbued The complete scheme is still un- For some years it has been with the spirit of Christ, may realized, awaiting better times. the custom for the women one day help to remove the bar- throughout Syria to observe a riers that separate the people -C. M. S. Outlook. Day of Prayer in February. into unsympathetic groups. Intermarriages between Protes- WESTERN ASIA tants, Greek Catholics and Encouragements in Persia Greek Orthodox have compli- Training the Turks cated the situation, but in- A Presbyterian missionary creased interest was manifest near the Russian border on the A proposed new system of the past year. Caspian Sea writes: "From education for Turkey will pro- morning till evening some two mote education, language, his- Including two rather remote hundred Moslems came to our tory, fine arts, sports, social mountain villages, meetings are small room in the caravanserai service, libraries and publica- held in sixteen places through- to talk about Christ." tion, museums and exhibitions. out the Sidon field, and in the It will be called "The House of town of Sidon itself, where the Another missionary says that the People." The first of these he was literally besieged from morning to night by inquirers who would haunt his house in

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

order to talk with him. He is caste, the money-lender and the bu- sign of progress is the increas- reaucrat. The pulpit provides the trying out the principle of set- ing unity and influence of this ting apart two and a half hours proper forum for ventilating the ills organization. A writer in a day-one-tenth of our time– from which the weak suffer. If it Dnyanodya who attended this fails in its duty as it has done in for definite, close, spiritual con- the past, the Church will lose what- session says: ever respect it commands now, and tact with God. It seemed at first Russia's religious history of the last There was a marked emphasis upon impossible, but he has succeeded decade may be repeated here. If the unity and a real striving after it. and as a result writes that "life Church were to mobilize its powers, has been going on ballbearings no g.overnment could stand against it. During the all-day excursion to the ever since." These things are politics, and religion Seven Pagodas one felt its practical cannot separate itself from them save workings, as we saw women of rank This prayer may explain the to its own hurt and to the hurt of and wealth, officers .of the Conference, harvest that is coming. One humanity. some of them neither young nor physiman whose life had been spent cally strong who, instead of going in highway robbery became con- Campaign Against Child comfortably by car, chose to ride the victed of sin. There had been no contact with missionaries, Marriage hundred and more miles in an unwith Christians, or with the Bi- comfortable bus, so as to share the India has an excellent law c.ommon lot of the delegates. During called the Sarda Act against thQ halt at the temple of Tirukulli- kundrum where the sacred eagles were fed, when the Brahman priest ble, but only the work of the child marriages, but it has not announced the prasadam for Brah- mans and non-Brahmans, one of the Holy Spirit. He went to a Mo- been strictly enforced. The delegates called out to him, "Here hammedan priest to ask for Gujarat Social Reform Associa- there is neither Brahman nor non- spiritual help, but in vain. A tion i~ appealing for volunteers Brahman; here we are all sisters of Christian who had been a der- for the detection of marriages one family." Of all the subjects con- sidered the one arousing most envish finally led him to Christ. in contravention of the Sarda thusiastic and united response was A son of a highway robber is Act, and has served notices on that of the removal of untouchability.

now winning educated young seven persons through its Reorganizing the Laymen men to Christ. He circulates pleader, calling upon them to handbills in Persian towns to an- show cause why the Associanounce that he will tell how and tion should not proceed legally The Laymen's Missionary why he became a Christian. against them for having ig- Movement of India was organ- ized in 1910. Until 1915, it -Sunday School Times. nored Section 19 of the Sarda was not widely known. It con- Act by marrying their children, tinued in full force until 1924, INDIA below the prescribed age, dur- after which it gradually de- ing the last four months. One clined, chiefly because it had so A Challenge to .Reform of the seven persons so served few sympathizers. Laymen have with a notice is the president all along been helping as abil- Mr. S. P. Andrews-Dube, In- of a Taluka Local Board and ity, time and means afforded, dian Christian leader, recently vice-president of the District and recently it was determined challenged the Indian Church Local Board, Ahmedabad, who to revive the Movement, under to face its present day respon- had his son, aged 13, married sibilities. the guidance of Dr. Chitambar. It is hoped to engage a well One of the reasons which quickened recently.

the spread of Free Churches in Eng- Revival of Suttee land as against the Established qualified, full time secretary for Church was the aloofness of the lat- A writer in Revelation, who at least three years, whose ter from the people-their problems, has been a missionary for chief work would be to organsorr.ows and tears. As it was in the time of Hosea, so unfortunately it is twenty-eight years, claims that ize the Movement. largely today in India. The spiritual one of the results of Gandhi's -Indian Witness. aristocracy has not much in common teachings of civil disobedience with the penury of the villagers and Union Medical College their incessant struggles and dis- has been a revival of "Suttee" A cooperative scheme of counts that characterize the working -burning of the widow on her large outreach is the proposed life of our growing industrial cen- husband's funeral pyre, and Union Christian Medical Colters. What has the Indian Church done to remedy the present order of gives a detailed account of such things under which only one per cent an incident which actually took of Indian revenue is spent on public place in December, 1931. The lege, which has the approval health and 62 per cent on war ser- of the National Christian Coun- missionary was in the town cil, the Christian Medical Assovices? The Indian Labor Commis- when it happened and states ciation, the ten Provincial sion's Report reveals a state of affairs that other burnings have ocregarding health, housing and condi- tions of service of the factory w.orker curred since then in other Councils, many .m iss ion s, on which Christian opinion must as- towns, in defiance of the law. churches and individuals. A sert itself. If Christianity fails to special committee has been inappeal to the people today in India, Women and Their Influence structed to raise funds-the tenit is largely due to the fact that the Church has kept mum when its plat- The fifth session of the All- tative estimate is for $1,200,- form should have been thundering India Women's Conference was 000 for building and equipment against the oppression of the all powerful landlord, the capitalist, the high held in Madras in March. A and $4,300,000 for endowment

-to draw up a constitution and ited. During the course of the Religious Training in Ceylon in general to promote the plan. year one or other of the Sun- The college proposed is to be day School missionaries has James A. Ker, a Los Angeles residential, staffed by full-time touched the Northwest Frontier Bible Institute graduate, who professors, Indian and foreign, Province, also the e d g e of went to Ceylon some years ago, on missionary salaries. Exten- China, the Himalayas and the says: sion work and social service is southern point of Ceylon. In all planned for, cooperation in of these visits lectures, demon- The year that has just closed has rural service and post-gradu- stration and guidance have been been one of real blessing. Several ate courses for doctors already given. have taken their stand for Christ and in practice. The plan includes confessed Him in baptism. Many a hospital of 400 beds. On the An interesting piece of work more are asking for baptism, but we governing body there will be was undertaken in the Garo are keeping them waiting a little representatives of the National Hills, the Manipur Hills and while yet. We have for the past Christian Council-a body that Assam, where a definite for- eighteen months been training a Singrep res e n t s missions and ward movement is evident. The halese young man for the ministry, churches in India-of the Chris- Garo Hills and the Manipur as there is no fundamental training tian Medical Association, rep- Hills are both tracts of coun- school in Ceylon. He has been makresenting all Christian medical try in which the Gospel has ing splendid progress, and shows a work in India and other spread widely among aboriginal real desire to spread the knowledge branches of the Christian en- and primitive peoples. Only a of Jesus Christ. The course of study terprise. small part of the Bible has been includes church history, methods of translated into the language of personal work, introduction to the -Indian Witness. the hill folk. English Bible, exegesis, Bible outlin- ing and teaching methods, homiletics, Venkiah's Baptism -The Christian. and a systematic study of the Bible and its principal doctrines. Best of Should an outcaste preacher Saving the MogaIai all, this young man is developing as baptize a caste convert, was a an effective pulpit and open air question that faced Rev. Cor- In the 66 page report of the preacher. nelius Unruh in Nalgonda, American Marathi Mis s ion, South India. He tells how it Rev. John Malelu explains his -The King's Business. was solved: work in the Mogalai field, popu- lated largely by Moslems and BURMA AND SIAM When Venkiah, being a Sudra, Hindus. asked for baptism my helpers were Y. M. C. A. in Burma perplexed. The missionary does not A little more than 12 years ago I baptize now, thinking it wiser to have was moved by the Spirit of the Lord Sir Benjamin Heald, who is the pastors attend to this phase of to depend entirely on Him for my severing his connection with the work in their own fields. But support. Having been inspired by the the Y. M. C. A. in Burma, said now these pastors came to ask if I lives .of George Mueller and Hudson at the 37th annual meeting: would baptize this new convert. I Taylor I asked the Bombay Church to "There seems to be among the sent them to him, and to their re.al let me serve them while counting upon Burmans a renewal of interest surprise he said: "It is all the same the Lord for maintenance. They in those ideas of service and to me whether it is the missionary would not consent. Quite recently the self-sacrifice which are the or one of you. I want to do what Spirit of the Lord again moved me to basis of most religions, and the Lord wants me to do." So Ven- lead a life of faith. Having offered particularly of Buddhism; and kiah was baptized and became a fol- my resignation, I attended the Octo- our Association offers opporlower of the One who acknowledges ber meeting of the General .Council of tunities of service which are the importance of changed hearts and the Missions, where the Survey Com- appreciated by the members of lives, not creeds, castes or races. New mittee proposed to close down the all religious communities inopenings in the village have followed Mogalai field, owing to the lack of a cluding Buddhists. It has done Venkiah's baptism. proper man and money. Then my much to overcome antagonisms name was abruptly suggested, and, and suspicions and has been – Watchman-Examiner. after due consideration and prayer, the means of bringing all those accepted, with the understanding that who are under its influence Snnday School Advance I should be allowed to work on faith into a real bond of friendship." lines for my support. Since my ar- Speaking of Sunday School rival the Lord has wonderfully opened Replying to Sir Benjamin's progress, Dr. James Kelly, Brit- the door for the Marathas of the war- speech the Governor of Burma ish secretary of the World's like caste called Kshatriyas. Five of spoke of the excellent service Sunday School Union, says that them, from two villages in the neigh- of the "Y" for troops and visitation of the whole field by borhood of each other in the Nizam's refugees in the rebellion disthe staff of the India Sunday Dominions which I have made my tricts, a work of great value School Union has proceeded headquarters, have professed their to the government, as has also with excellent results. The Pan- faith in Christ as their Lord and Sa- been the pioneer work in physjab, United Provinces, Delhi, viour by receiving baptism. Four of ical training. All this, he said, Bengal and its hill districts, them are headmen, two being officials has resulted in a wider horizon Maharashtra, all the chief divi- of their villages. Five others, from for Burma and before long it sions of South India; also Cey- two untouchable classes. have ac- is probable a democratic conlon and Burma have been vis- cepted Christ as their Lord and Mas- stitution will be given Burma. ter. Thus ten in all have passed out of the darkness of ignorance and -Indian Witness. superstition.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Cannibalism in Malaysia Christians of China, with large complete responsibility for the direc- numbers in sympathy who have tion and support of this varied Chris- The government in the Dutch not yet joined. Among the mem- tian enterprise. Their latest venture East Indies was compelled to bers are the entire Presby- is the new Asia Hotel, thoroughly issue strict prohibitions against terian Church of Christ in equipped with every modern convencannibalism. This is still in China, some 20,000 strong, two ience, conducted on Christian prinvogue among the heathen strong bodies of Mennonites, ciples and free from drinking, gam- Bataks. Dr. Warneck, of the the Holiness Churches in North bling and prostitution. After two Rhenish Mission, reports a con- China, many thousands of the years it is a huge financial success. versation which he had with a China Inland Mission and of The hotel employs a pastor-evangelist heathen chief. This fellow told the Christian and Missionary who constantly works among the hotel in a cynical way that twenty Alliance as well as smaller staff as well as the guests, and many years ago he had been a widely groups of Baptists, Free Meth- have been led to Christ and brought feared man-eater. He described into church membership by means of the whole process in all its odists and others. The League this personal evangelism. cruelties so that Dr. Warneck has started a bi-monthly magaasked him if it was never re- zine in Chinese, called The New Endeavorers in China pugnant to him to devour his Morning Light, under efficient still living victim piecemeal; Chinese editorship. Christian Endeavor in China is a living testimony to the fact that this work is ordained of God and is a vital part of the but he denied it emphatically General Takes Christian Stand Christian church. and said that he was sure that When I was holding evauif the Netherland government General Dzen, a public man were to leave the country can- of prominence in West China, gelistic Christian End e a v 0 r nibalism would flourish anew has been in touch with Chris- meetings in Wenchow, in the in the heathen regions. tianity for twenty years. He south of Chekiang province last has been active with other lead- March, Pastor Lin of the Ping- yang district requested me to ers, both Chinese and foreign, take a series of revival meet- New Center in Siam in work for bettering. the lives ings at Au-chiang, about forty A swamp in Siam gradually of young men. Now, after miles from Wenchow. Pastor filled and became rice fields. twenty years, he has come out Lin pleaded: "My church of Workers built homes on a small boldly and has declared him- seventy-nine branch churches raised area and the result was self on the side of Christ, "re- all over the Pingyang district the village of Nong Yi Pet. penting the past, resolved to has a special claim because in There was one Christian, Uncle struggle for the future, serve everyone of those seventy-nine Poon, but his life was nothing the Cause of Christ and work churches we have a Christian to boast about. At 70 years of for the common good of man- Endeavor soc i e t y; and our age, through the preaching of kind." preachers are products of Chris- -United Church Record. tian Endeavor. The best Bible an evangelist, he became truly converted. A Presbyterian stu- A Possibility Made Actual students and speakers of our dent evangelist made his head- Christian Endeavor societies quarters in this village, then a Following his visit to Hong- are appointed assistant preachsmall chapel was erected out of kong and Canton, Dr. John ers." bamboo with an attap roof, MacNeill thus describes in Mis- -A. T. CHOW, General Secmost of the money and labor sions what grew out of a mis- retary of the China Christian being furnished by the vil- sionary beginning: Endeavor Union.

lagers. Four other converts In Canton one sees what the inhave been won and a center digenous church may become upon the Medical Aid for West China mission field. Here is highly develhas thus been established. oped evangelistic, educational and The United Church of Can- -Siam Outlook. medical work, housed in commodious ada has undertaken a major buildings, and all under the directi.on CHINA of and supported by the native Chi- share in rendering Christian League of Christian Churches nese Church. The great congrega- medical service to the 100,000,- 000 people of West China. Less tions .at the Sunday services were a than forty years ago the first revelation, and to share in the com- Evangelicals in China have munion service with from seven to doctors of this mission reached organized a League of Chris- eight hundred Chinese Christians was Szechuan. During the interventian Churches, a federation of a memorable experience. Here we ing years there has been no found a group of devoted Christian mutually independent denomi- . business men, who head up some of less than three general evacua- the most influential banking and nations, groups and individuals financial interests of Canton. The tions of missionaries to the who are willing. to confess their wise missionary leadership of the coast, and on one occasion pracfaith in the Christ of the Scrip- years has laid heavy responsibilities tically all mission property was tures and in the entire Bible as on the native converts. Do nothing· destroyed. But by 1912 ten sta- for the Chinese Christians that they the Word of God. In two years can do for themselves, is a policy tions had been opened up to this League has drawn to it- abundantly justified. With these men medical work, spread out to self at least one-eighth of the as leaders the Chinese have assumed cover a vast, densely populated

area, with at least one foreign Manchuria Mission Conference shops, and by other such ocdoctor in each of these stations has been organized; its two currences which used to be all for some years. About the same Districts are the North Man- too frequent." time, the mission joined forces churia and Kando. There are with several other missions to in all forty-two churches and American Films in Disrepute found the West China Union twenty-five prayer places ar- University, which included med- ranged in fifteen circuits. The The Federal Council Bulletin ical and dental colleges. Includ- Conference has 1,770 members comments upon Japan's reacing the class of 1931, thirty- and 5,000 adherents. There are tion to American motion picfour doctors and five dentists fifteen parsonages. The total ture films. have been graduated. A little value of the property is placed more than half of these are in at 54,000 yen. As for the effect of motion pictures service with other missions. in the countries of the Orient, the Four training schools are being The first conference was at- National Christian Council of Japan carried on, and two years ago tended by fourteen Korean expressed the generally accepted vie~ a Department of Hygiene and preachers, eleven Bible women, when it wrote to the Federal CouncIl Public Health was initiated. one colporteur and 12 lay dele- of the Churches of Christ in America Already its influence has been gates. One of the latter came not long ago, entreating the churches felt over a wide area. 150 miles on foot. of our land to take every step pos- sible to prevent the continued influx -United Church Record. -Christian Advocate. of undesirable American films into Japan. The -chief censor of the Tokyo Christian Ethics from Confucius JAPAN…:..-CHOSEN police-a non-Christian-w.as quoted as declaring that many of the Amer- There are ethical values in A View of the Slums ican films were highly detrimental to Confucianism w h i c h parallel the morals of the Japanese. For us Christian principles. National- A Japanese slum wears a to be eager to send Christian missionist China has taken its motto very different look from a slum aries to the Orient and to be indiffrom one of the finest pieces of in Europ.e or America, but the ferent -to the sending of films that ancient Chinese literature. same unhealthy conditions and break down the influence of the mis" pernicious influences prevade sionary is certainly .anomalous. When the Great Way is followed all both. A Japanese slum conunder heaven will work for the com- sists of rows of tiny, dark, By Strange Paths mon good. They will advocate sin- flimsily built, one story houses, cerity and cultivate peace. Men will with no sanitary arrangements The fortune-teller has always not limit their friendship to their rela- of any sort, fronting on narrow been an important member of tives, nor their love to their own sons. dirt streets with open sewers Eastern society, and his aid is The aged will have provision made in them. The houses contain still invoked for the choice of for them. The able in body will serve; 1, 2 or at most 3 rooms, and lucky days for weddings, etc. youth will have respect for its elders. these rooms are in all prob- But the following incident, and There will be sympathy for the wid- ability 6 x 13% ft., 6 x 6 ft., for the truth of which I can ows and orphans, and care for the af- and 6 x 9 ft., respectively. And vouch, is perhaps unique in the flicted. The men will accept respon- everywhere there are children! annals of fortune-telling in sibility; the women will be properly The houses are too small to Japan. A young officer in the provided for. contain them all unless they are Japanese army has had to take doubled up asleep benea,th the a year's leave on account of The accumulation of earthly goods bed clothes, so the dirty, dis- lung trouble, and naturally he will be discountenanced. Hoarding ease-breeding streets teem with and his wife have been exceedfor oneself will be done away. Idle- them. ingly worried and anxious ness on the part of those who can about the future. At last she work will be frowned upon. No one "It is in such a slum," writes decided to consult a fortunewill be for himself. Mrs. Hannaford, of the Tokyo teller. When she had put her Presbyterian Mission, "grown questions he sat for some time Thus self-aggrandizement will not up beside the large factory of in silence making criss-cross longer be known, and robbery and a pharmaceutical company, just lines on his forehead with his thieving will cease. When this time outside the limits of Tokyo, forefinger. She wondered what comes, the front door may be left that Tokyo Station has been he was doing, -and suddenly he open. Then will be the true Broth- carrying on a work for chil- asked: "Are you a Christian?" erhood of Man. dren for several years. "No." "Are any of your family Christians?" "No." "But have -Presbyterian Banner. "The whole community is you studied Christianity?" "No. loud in its praise for the I have no connection with Methodists -Organize in change that has come over the Christianity at all." "Well," he children. No more are the peo- said, "I see a shining cross on Manchuria ple troubled by windows being your forehead, and the cross is wilfully broken, by cake and the sign of Christ. I have gods Dr. J. S. Ryang of the fruit being filched from the whom I believe in and go to for Korean Methodist Church be- help, but you, if you want to lieves that Manchuria, despite help your husband, had better the strain of military activity, become a Christian." Among offers a wonderful opportunity for Christian work, ~nd that the condition in that country is just like the one in Korea about twenty years ago. The

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

her acquaintances was the wife Church, and orphanages in week and gave a course of lec- of a rising young lawyer, a Pyengyang and Seoul. tures on "The Message of leading member of the Holy -Presbyterian Banner. Rural Missions," "The Rural Trinity Church at Kumamoto, Community Parish," "Demon- and to her she appealed. This GENERAL strating Rural Evangelism,"

lady is now visiting the young Combating Anti-Semitism "The Rural Missionary" and couple, and last Sunday morn- "Some Larger Issues."

ing the officer's wife was in The International League to The most detailed and comchurch with one of her chil- Combat Anti-Semitism has prehensive study of agriculdren. launched a periodical entitled "The Right to Live." The fol- tural missions which has been -REV. A. C. HUTCHINSON lowing is from a recent issue: made was recently completed of Fukuoka. by Dr. A. L. Carson. Its two -Church Missionary Outlook. "1 ask· for no privilege," says the main purposes were: (1) Jew. "As a human being 1 require Through a comprehensive sur- Progressive Korea no more than the right to live." . vey of the field to assemble There are in all Korea 568 The right to live is not a mere definite data regarding the Christian primary schools, with sanction to exist. It involves all that work now in progress for the 39,774 pupils; 45 academies we call human rights: the right to use of promotional and adminwith 6,211 pupils; 217 kinder- earn a living, the right to education, istrative bodies. (2) To bring gartens with 9,314 pupils; two the right of suffrage, the right to this and other information to men's colleges and one for stand the political equal of any man, bear on a point of vital imwomen, 500 pupils; two theo- the right to make one's own way to portance in any movement, the logical schools, 250 students; a whatever successes his talents merit. selection and training of permedical college, with possibly sonnel. 100, and several nurses' train- The right to live means the right ing schools, with over 100. In to live as an effective man in the Disarmament Conference all these, Bible instruction is world, joining with other men to build regularly given, but the secular a nobler society. For life is not sep- Since the Conference began arately lived and he who is for him- on February 2, much has been subjects, under government in- self alone does no more than exist. accomplished. Its achievements To set men apart, to exclude them from cooperative society, to say to them, "You may not labor with us to carry the common burden because you spection, also are kept to high are a Jew" is to deny the right to to date are: live. standards. 1. A general and unanimous In Christian religious educa- The right to live requires that a agreement in principle among man must be permitted to make the all the nations that all purely tion, 5,400 Sunday schools have best of what talents have been given aggressive weapons shall be a total enrollment of 254,000. him, to the end that he may make a The entire Church goes to Sun- worthy contribution to the social body abolished. day school. One school in of which he is ,a member. The right 2. No property or rights Pyengyang enrolls 2,400, and to live is denied when it is said, "You are a Jew, and therefore, you may achieved through aggression by the 20 schools of that city any nation shall be recognized together enroll over 14,000, or not enter our schools. You are a by the other nations as validone-tenth of the total popula- Jew, and therefore, we shall drive the so-called "Hoover Doctrine." you from our class-rooms."

tion. Last summer the vaca- Rural Mindedness 3. The Conference demontion Bible schools of the coun- strates that the only security is try, meeting in 958 places with The Christian movement that based on confidence and 6,190 volunteer teachers, en- throughout the world is rapidly agreements. No nation has ever becoming "rural-conscious." The been made secure through armed rolled 100,485 pupils. Missionary ladies have start- Jerusalem Meeting of the In- force. ed a W. C. T. U., and a Korean ternational Missionary Council Each day a spirit of detergirl secretary travels, organiz- in 1928, representing Christian mination to make progress with ing societies. The 15,000 Chris- groups from fifty nations, gave the work is expressing itself.

tian Endeavor and several thou- every evidence of this. In sand Epworth League young Toronto last April was held an Missionaries Issue Statement people are also actively pushing Institute on Missions and Rural To express their convictions the movement. In Seoul is a Populations-not to teach agri- regarding the Sino-Japanese society for the prevention of cultural subjects but to deepen controversy, American missioncruelty to animals. There are the rural consciousness of all aries in Japan have issued a societies for fighting the white mISSIOnaries. Lectures were statement, signed by 35, while slave traffic, and the missions given on the Meaning and Task fifteen declined to sign and pay subsidies to the Salvation of Agricultural Missions (as others were absent. The state- Army for maintaining a refuge outlined at Jerusalem), and on ment is in part: home for unfortunate women. Rural Sociology, Agricultural" "Our first word is one of con- There are homes for old peo- Economics and Economic Im- fession …. that the sins of our ple in Syenchun and Pyeng- provement. Dr. Butterfield was nation in the past render any yang, m a i n t a i ned by the present throughout the second protest open to the charge of

inconsistency. . . . We deeply 8. More scientists are work- gether in Annual Conference regret agitation for an economic ing on the curative treatment former missionaries of all evanembargo against Japan, . . . be- of lepers. gelical churches and missionalieving it would more fully unify ries on furlough. Dr. J. T. Gra- Japan in support of military pol- 9. A more intelligent atti- cey was the first president and, icies…. The policy of attempt- tude toward leprosy is shown after serving for twenty-eight ing by military means a solution by the general public. years, was succeeded by Dr. J. of delicate international prob- Sumner Stone. The member~hip lems is one from which we are 10. Education regarding the roll of the Union contains 2,430 compelled to dissociate ourselves. leprosy problem is being spread names of whom some 1,800 are . . . A better way is the new by press and pulpit. living. Over 50 mission boards process of conferences and law. and practically every mission … As we face the long future in 11. More volunteer workers field are represented. The An- Asia, so fraught with possibili- are devoting their efforts to nual Meetings have been times ties of good or ill for the human campaigns against leprosy. of fellowship, inspiration and race, we renew our pledge of faith power. The reasons for disconin what we believe to be the way WILLIAM M. DANNER, tinuance are the expense and the of Jesus as the only wise policy General Secretary, Ameri- multiplication of meetings and in this present situation, and we organizations. The records and call upon our fellow Christians can Mission to Lepers. finances of the Union will be in Japan and everywhere to join transferred to the Foreign Misin that testimony to our com- Three Great Movements sions Conference. mon faith in the power of good will, which alone shall lead the There are three movements that, in H. F. LAFLAMME, world toward a better day." a different fashion in these great Secretary. lands, each indicate how, through the Record of Christian Work. past ten years, "God has been at the Doors Open and Close for Jews helm," as St. Augustine found Him Progress in Work for Lepers to be, "though very secretly." His se- Refugee Jews from eastern cret operation is coming forth now in- Europe have for years found a 1. More lepers are seeking to the light. The three "speaking measure of hospitality in Cuba, help while in the early stages signs" that appear to us in the sky where there has been no organof the disease. above these lands are the Kingdom of ized anti-Semitism. Cuba's mild God Movement in Japan, with Kag- climate has been a further in- 2. More are under treatment awa leading it; the Five Year Move- ducement and as many as 13,000 than ever before, not only in ment in China, and the castle move- Jews have come in a single mission hospitals but in gov- ment into the Christian Church in month. But now, due to ecoernment and municipal institu- India. . . . The Christian Church in nomic depression, the wandertions and at out-patient clinics Japan is a small church in which, we ing Jew finds another refuge and automobile dispensaries. are told, there is far more leadership closed. No laws, as yet, have than rank and file. But Kagawa's been framed against Jews, but 3. More patients have been great influence among the workers is difficulties in the way of entry dismissed as "symptom-free," being used today to spread the Gospel are set up against immigrants, a fact which is putting hope among these multitudes. In China, in that each must have at least into the hearts of all lepers. the Five Year Movement "is com- $200 in his possession as proof manding enthusiasm and energy on that he will not become an ob- 4. There are more Christian every side." Its aim is to knit the ject of charity. lepers. Church together in all its branches, making it, as it should be, a center of On the other hand, Spain, 5. Increased interdenomina- power and hope in the midst of the land of the Inquisition, is now tional cooperation in the leper chaos which today is China. . . . The ready to welcome the return of ministry is exemplified by rooting of Christianity deep in the Jews of Spanish ancestry, and Women's Missionary Federa- soil of these lands is what has to be Foreign Minister Lerroux will tions, Sunday-schools and other central to all Christian effort. The facilitate their naturalization. associations, as well as by the movement of the caste people in South Spanish Jews were driven out of way in which each denomina- India towards the Christian Church Spain by Ferdinand and Isation is blending its efforts with has a similar significance. The caste bella in 1492, at which time a the Mission to Lepers in the people form the citadel of India's life, decree expelling all Jews from common task of cleansing the and it is the example of the outcastes, Spain was issued. The present lepers. transformed by the power of Christ, Catholic press does not take which is now winning these, their old kindly to these friendly over- 6. Anti-leprosy organizations oppressors. . . . The whole story of tures to Jews, arguing an atare being established in many these years is full of enlightenment tempt at Jewish world dominion. countries. and exhilaration.-Dr. Nichol Mac- Other papers ridicule the idea as Nicol in The British Weekly. J udaising the republic. 7. Better governmental cooperation is seen throughout End of the I. M. U. King's Business. the world. After nearly fifty years of useful service the International Missionary Union will close its work at the end of this year. The Union was organized in 1884, at the suggestion of the Rev. W. B. Osborn, to bring to-

to Read on the American

..:( Suggested by MAY HUSTON, New York }I: ..

Associate Secretary, Department of Missionary Education, Board of Education, Northern Baptist Convention GOOD READING FOR ADULT the hardships and dangers of ans in Oklahoma, Miss Craw- AND YOUNG PEOPLE pioneer missionaries. ford was able to adapt herself Ramona, by Helen Hunt Jackson. A Candle in the Mist, by Florence to conditions and was always Little, Brown, 1912. $2.50. First Crannell Means. Houghton Mifflin, able to see the silver lining of published in 1884. 1931. $2.00. every cloud.

The romance of an Indian This. is a challenging pioneer Indian Heroes and Great Chieftains, girl brought up on a great story dedicated to girls. It por- by Charles A. Eastman. Little, Spanish estate who chooses the trays the courageous and re- Brown, 1918. $1.75. life of her own people. This ligious spirit of the men and American classic has had more The author, a full-blooded than one hundred and thirty women who pushed the fron- Sioux, interprets in an unusual printings, and has been shown tiers far to the westward, and way the Indian traits and charin three separate moving-pic- brings in experiences of these acter. This volume contains the ture dramas. The story has pioneers with the Indians of stories of fifteen Indian chiefs, undying qualities as a work of the Northwest. all of whom were strong, brave literary art. men. Some of them were American, The Life Story of a Great Red Men on the Bighorn, by Coe famous scouts and warriors Indian, by Frank B. Linderman. Hayne. Judson Press, 1929. $1.00. while all were mighty hunters. 1930. John Day Edition $3.50, School Edition, World Book Com- The life story of Plenty They endured hardship and at- pany. $1.60. Crows (John Frost), the Crow tained fearlessness, courage, Indian pastor in Montana. This energy, and physical strength. The story of Plenty Coups, is a true account of an Indian Of interest to both adults and Chief of the Crows, who before who as a boy made a vow to young people. his recent death was called the avenge his father's death. Comgreatest living Indian chief. It ing into contact with mission- Indian Heroes, by J. Walker McSpadis by an author who lived ary teachers, under the Chris- den. Crowell Co., 1928. $2.00. among Indians more than forty tian influences, his whole life years whose purpose was "that purpose was changed, and for Another series of stories of a genuine record of his life many years this sturdy Indian Indians somewhat better known might be preserved." has given himself to pastoral than those of the preceding duties within his tribe. This is volume. The book tries to give Women of Trail and Wigwam, by a character-building story of the Red Man's side of the story. Flora Warren Seymour, Woman's victory through Christ. The author's purpose was to Press, 1930. Paper $1.00. have the tales follow in chron- A Jolly Journal, by Isabel Crawford. ological order, thus enabling Sketches of Indian women Revell, 1932. $1.50. him to give a continuous picwho have made names for ture of Indian affairs from the themselves in history and liter- This book gives an insight days of the earliest settlement ature. Stories of bravery and into the life of a pioneer down to our own time. patience, of war and peace, of aid to explorer and captives, preacher and teacher through The Dragon Fly of Zuni, by Alida are woven together in these a journal kept by his daughter Sims Malkus. Harcourt, Brace & tales of forest and tepee. who in turn became a mission- Co., 1928. $2.50. ary to the Indians. Always able This charming story of We Must March, by Honore Willsie to see the funny side of even Squash Blossom, "the fairest Morrow. Morrow Co. $2.00. Edi- serious or provoking situations, of the maids of Zuiii," gives a tion by Stokes Co., 1925. 75 cents. the author of these fascinating great deal of information con- pages will keep the reader . cerning the customs and tradi- This thrilling story of the smiling if not c h u c k lin g tions of the tribe. The author work of Marcus Whitman and t h r 0 ugh the entire book. knows the Indians of the his bride among the Northwest- Whether in a pioneer town in Southwest so well that the ern Indians makes very real North Dakota, or among Indi- reader is carried into the desert [461 ]

country of New Mexico and sic. It contains the music for Study Books made to see both the homes several Indian songs. and the people. Three Arrows: The Young Buffalo Torchlights to the Cherokees, by Hunter, by E. Ryerson Young. Mis- For Study and Reference Robert Sparks Walker. Macmillan sionary Education Movement, 1932. Co., $3.00. 1931. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. Facing the Future in Indian Missions. The story of the Brainerd A story of thrilling interest Pilgrim Press, 1932. Cloth, $1.00; Mission to the Cherokee Indi- based on conditions in the early ans, founded in 1816, and days of Indian missions. Helps paper, 60 cents. broken up when the Cherokees will be prepared for study were forced to give up their courses on this book. Part 1. A Social Outlook on Indian land and move westward. The author had access to many orig- The Indian How Book, by Arthur Missions, by Lewis Meriam, Tech- inal letters and documents and Parker. Doran, 1927. $2.50. the book is a new chapter in nical Director, Survey of Indian the history of Tennessee and This is full of slJggestions Georgia . for Boy Scouts. The art of Affairs, Institute for Government making many different objects, The Winnebago Finds a Friend, by descriptions of Indian dress Research, Brookings Institute. Arthur V. Casselman. Heidelburg and ornaments, ceremonies and Press, 1932. Paper only, 50 cents. mysteries are only part of the Part II. The Church and the Indian, topics treated in a most in- This is an intensely interest- teresting and practical way. By George W. Hinman, formerly ing story of the history of the Winnebago Indians, especially FOR JUNIORS Director of Survey of Indian those residing in Wisconsin; the story of the life and work Waterless Mountain, by Laura A. Work, American Missionary As- of the Stucki family; the mis- Armer. Longmans Green, 1931. .sociation. sion at Black River Falls and $3.00. – school at Neillsville. This gives a vivid picture of An interesting and thought- The American Indian on the New the family and tribal life of a Trail, by Thomas C. Moffett. Mis- Navajo boy. It is beautifully provoking study of the varied sionary Education Movement, 1914. illustrated and compels a new $1.00. (Out of print.) appreciation of a side of Indian work and the vital problems of nature with which Juniors are This former study book con- not too well acquainted-his Christian missions among the tains a great deal of valuable love of nature and his intimate information. It reviews the knowledge of wild life around Indians by two outstanding au- primitive conditions and in- him. A delightful book. herited faith of the Red Man, thorities. and then outlines his new en- The Magic Trail, by Grace Moon. vironment and the influence of Doubleday, Doran, 1929. $2.00. Indian Americans, by Winifred Hul- Christian civilization, showing bert. Pilgrim Press, 1932. Cloth, that the American Indian is in- A junior story by the author $1.00; paper, 60 cents. deed "on the New Trail." of Chi-Wee, full of adventure as Kawani and his sister Yazhe An expression of the thought FOR INTERMEDIATE BOYS follow the magic trail over and aspirations of the young hills, desert, mesas and canyons Indians of many tribes. Writ- AND GIRLS in search for their missing ten as the result of extensive father. Illustrated. travel for the purpose of The Boy's Life of Kit Carson, by gathering material for this vol- Flora Warren Seymour. Cloth $2.00. Totem Tales, by Warren E. Crane. ume. Century, 1929. Revell, 1932. $1.50.

The Story of the Red Man, by Flora An interesting biography This is a book of Indian Warren Seymour. Longmans. $5.00. which brings out admirably the legends, delightfully written. qualities that have made Kit A history of Indian people Carson a favorite hero of boys. For Study by an author who has been on the Board of Indian Commissionersand has done much writing in this field. Excellent for reference purposes.

The Red Man in the United States, by G. E. E. Lindquist. Doubleday Doran, 1923. $3.50.

An intimate study of the social, economic, and religious life of the American Indian. Contains a brief statement concerning nearly every tribe in the United States and mission work being done among them.

Problems of Indian Administration, Winning the Oregon Country, by John Many Moons Ago and Now, by Kath- by Lewis Meriam and Associates. T. Faris. Missionary Education arine Gladfelter. Missionary Edu- Brookings Institute, 1928. $5.00. Movement, 1911. 60 cents. cation Movement, 1932. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. A valuable reference book Another stirring tale of adgiving in detail the findings of venture, featuring the Lewis Contains stories, lesson plans a survey of Indian Administra- and Clark Expedition, the J a- and suggestions for activities. tion. son Lee Volunteers, the work of Marcus Whitman and his FOR PRIMARY CHILDREN The American Indians and Their associates in the Northwest. Music, by Frances Densmore. Wom- The story of the Indians trav- Two Little Navajos, by Hoffman Bir- an's Press, 1926. $2.50. eling two thousand miles for ney. Penn Pub. Co., 1931. $1.50. a book is retold in this book. An excellent resource on In- A colorful story of a little dian history, customs, and mu- Navajo brother and sister who

WHAT TO READ ON THE AMERICAN INDIAN

learn to work as well as play ADDITIONAL BOOKS ALSO WORTH READING the games of their tribe. Suggested by M. K. SNIFFEN The Vanishing Race, by Joseph Dixon. The Pilgrim's Party, by Sadyebeth Doubleday Page, 1913. $3.50. and Anson Lowitz. Richard R. Secretary of the Indian Rights Smith, 1931. $1.50. Association, Philadelphia The Soul of the Indian, by Chas. A. Eastman. Houghton Mifflin, 1911. Before children can read The American Indian. An introduc- $1.00. words, they read pictures. Here tion to the Anthropology of the is the true story of the coming New World by Clark Wissler, Cu- The Indian of Today, by Geo. Grinof the Pilgrims, amusing and rator of Anthropology in the Amer- nell. Duffield & Co., 1911. $1.50. graphic, making us friends of ican Museum of Natural History, (Out of print.) both Pilgrims and Indians. A New York City. Oxford University book for little brothers as well Press, 1922. Famous Indian Chiefs, by C. H. L. as big sisters. Johnston. L. C. Page & Co., 1909. In the first thirteen chapters $1.50. For Study of this book the author gives a general idea of the life of the Ligh~s and Shad?ws of A Long Children of the Great Spirit, by Indians who inhabited the con':' EpIscopate, by BiShop H. B. Whip- Florence C. Means and Frances tinents of North and South ple. Macmillan, 1902. $2.00. Somers Riggs, specialists in pri- America when discovered by mary work. Missionary Education the white man. Although very The In~ian and His Problems, by Movement, 1932. Cloth,· $1.00; readable it is written from a FranCIS E. Leupp. Scribners, 1910. paper, 75 cents. stri~tly scientific point of view. $2.00. (Out of print.) Contains stories, lesson plans The Story of the Indian, by George What the White Race May Learn and suggestions for worship Bird Grinnell. Appleton and Co., From the Indian, by Geo. W. James. and activities. 1921. Forbes & Co.

Indian Playmates of Navajo Land, by Through description and Marcus. Whitman, by Myron Eells. Ethel M. Baader. Missionary Edu- stories, often quite detailed, HarrIman. cation Movement, 1932. Cloth, 75 Grinnell gives an excellent idea cents. of the life and customs of the The Middle Five Indian Boys at Indians of the plains and more School, by Francis LaFlesche (an An excellent course on one western parts of the continent .Indian author). Small, Maynard. of the most important Indian before they were materially aftribes. fected by white contacts. LIfe and Labors of Bishop Hare, by M. A. DeW. Howe. Sturgis and SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL The Red Man in the New World Walton, 1911. $2.50. Drama, by Jennings C. Wise. Teaching Pictures on the American Roberts Co., Washington, D. C., The American Indian, by W. K. Indian, eight pictures 11 x 14. 50 1931. Moorehead. cents. "A Politico-Legal Study with A Century of Dishonor, by Helen Indians of the Southwest Picture a Pageantry of American In- Hunt Jackson. Little, Brown & Co., Sheet. 25 cents. dian History." 1885. $1.50.

American Indian Picture Sheet. 25 The Navajo Indians, by Mary Roberts The Indian Dispossessed, by S. K. cents. Coolidge and Dane Coolidge. Hough- Humphrey. ton, Mifflin, 1931. North American Picture Map, to be My Friend The Indian, by James Mc. colored by the children. 50 cents. History of the Navajos by Laughlin. Houghton, Mifflin & Co., well-qualified authors based on 1910. $2.50. American Indian Insert Sheet for literature, interviews, and the Same, to be used by groups study- examination of culture prod- American (The Story of a Great ing the American Indian. 10 cents. ucts. Indian), by Frank B. Linderman. (These may be obtained from the The Rain Makers-Indians of Arizona Famous Chiefs I Have Known, by Missionary Education Movement.) and New Mexico, by Mary Roberts Maj.-Gen. O. O. Howard. Coolidge. Houghton Mifflin Co., PLAYS 1929. The League of the Iroquois, by Lewis Henry Morgan. Two Thousand Miles For a Book, by Deals largely with the Pueb- Helen L. Willcox. 25 cents. los, their history, social life, Indians of the Painted Desert Region, arts and industries, ceremonies, by Geo. Wharton James. Where the Trails Cross, by Anne etc. Some attention to other Charlotte Darlington. 15 cents. Indians of the Southwest. Soine Memories of a Soldier, by Maj.- Gen. H. L. Scott. Hiawatha Dramatized. March Bros. The Cheyenne Indians, by George 40 cents. Arranged from Longfel- Bird Grinnell (2 yols.) Indians of the Enchanted Desert, by low's masterpiece. Leo Crane. An intimate study of one of Indian Tableaux, by Anita B. Ferris. the group of the plains. The Land of Journey's Ending, by Mary American Missionary Association. style is largely that of detailed Austin. 15 cents. description and story. Old Indian Trails, by Walter Mc- Marcus Whitman's Call, by Anna C. Clintock. Swain. Baptist Dept. of Missionary Education. 15 cents. Story of the American Indian, by Paul Radin. Boni and Liveright. School Days in Oklahoma, by Helen $5.00. L. Willcox. Baptist Dept. of Mis- sionary Education. 15 cents. Kootenai Why Stories, by Frank B. Linderman.

Zuni Tales, by Aileen Nusbaum.

Skunny Wundy and Other Indian Tales, by Arthur C. Parker.

The Basket Woman, by Mary Austin.

The Indian's Book, by Natalie Curtis. Harper Bros. $7.50.

Pioneer Days in the Early Southwest, by Grant Foreman.

Oregon Trail, by Francis Parkman.

Joe Pete, by Florence McClinchey.

Holt & Co. Missionary Explorers Among the American Indians, by M. G. Humphreys. Scribners, 1913.

GENERAL BOOK JlEVIEWS know the real problems of mis- inspiring story. The ground has The Foreign Missionary. By Arthur sions and to study the issues in- been covered in other books, for Judson Brown. New Edition. 8 vo. volved in them; candidates for the literature of the subject 412 pp. $2.00. Fleming H. Revell missionary service wanting in- has become voluminous; but Co. New York. 1932. formation about the work to the author has told it again in which they look forward; mis- a fresh and effective way and This is one of the best mis- sion study classes and all friends sionary books that has ever be~n and enemies of the foreign mis- brought the record down to sionary enterprise, should read date. The book contains much written. It appeared first m and reflect upon this honest, excellent material and the thir- sensible, competent book. teen a p pen d ice s present a e1d9i0t7i~nandwtihthis is the thirteenth wealth and variety of statistical revisions. Its ROBERT E. SPEER. information. nineteen chapters cover the Hudson Taylor's Legacy. Edited by Dr. Clark, who writes on Marshall Broomhall. 12 mo. 167 whole range of missionary pur- "RELIGIONS OF OLD KOREA," is pose, admini~trat~on and r~la­ tionships, whlCh It ~reats WIth abundant authoritatIve knowl- pp. 2s 6d. China Inland Mission, already favorably known to edge and with wise an~ sure London. 1932. readers of missionary literature judgment. The book I~ not through his former books: academic theorizing and It be- Few men combine the spirit- "The First Fruits in Korea" ual insight and temporal wis- and "Korea and the Nevius longs to a different class froI? dom, the faith and the courage~ Methods" as well as through the superficial missionary arti- the humility and strength of numerou's articles in the re- mind, the passion for souls and ligious press. The present cles and volumes which are too the administrative ability that volume consists of lectures decommon. From fruitful pastor- characterized Hudson Taylor, livered at four theological semiates in which he was in contact the founder of the China Inland naries during his furlough in with the problems of Christian- Mission. He saw a vision and America. They so impressed was moved with compassion; he the faculties and students that ity in America Dr. Brown came heard a call and responded; he their publication in permanent to the Secretaryship of the was tested in many ways and form was una n i m 0 u sly re- stood true; Many in every land, quested. Dr. Clark is a ~is­ Presbyte<rian Board of Foreign old and young, rich and poor, sionary of the PresbyterIan Missions in 1895. He has been have been stirred in like manall his life a tireless student of ner through the spiritual mes- Church, South, .an.d has writte.n missions and for thirty-four sages and experiences that he shares with them. Some of his out of a rich mISSIOnary expenyears he was one of our ablest wonderful insight into truth, ence of thirty years. He has and most responsible mISSIon- and fellowship with God, are added to heavy and exacting ary administrators. He has promised in this volume, which labors as an evangelist, and is published on the centenary of professor of practical theology written here out of full and ade- Hudson Taylor's birth. The in the Presbyterian Theological quate study of missions at first chapters include extracts from Seminary at Pyengyang, a pro- addresses and Bible studies; leshand both on the field and in the sons from his rich experiences found study of the religions work of administration at home. and glimpses of the abiding fruit which Christianity encounters of his labors. in Korea-B u d d his m, Con- If Dr. Brown were rewriting fucianism, S ham ani s m, and Korea, The Hermit Nation and Its Re- various minor cults. His point his book entirely today there sponse to Christianity. By T. Stan- of view is that of a conservawould undoubtedly be some re- ley Soltau. 123 pp. 3s. 6d. World tive evangelical missionary who shadings and rearrangement· of Dominion Press, London. wisely sees that "The religions of the various countries of the perspective; but the fundamen- Religions of Old Korea. By Charles world are not made-to-order, tal things would be unaltered. Allen Clark. 295 pp. $2.50. Revell. mechanical things, nor concoc- He is ready for new methods New York. 1932. tions of witch doctors or priests for their own private profit and and changed adjustments but Korea is one of the younger benefit. They are the various the central things he would not missionary fields. It lacks two ways in which men have tried change. To hi~ Ch~istian~ty years of its first half century to explain or understand the is a real and solId thmg WIth and some of its pioneer mis- universe, and the ways by roots in history and with its sionaries are still living. But which they have tried to adjust power in God; and he is not pre- all intelligent Christians know themselves to ultimate reality." pared to have it remodeled for of the wonderful work for It is an able and scholarly work, any temporary caprice. He Christ that has been done in thoroughly documented, with Korea and that is going on with several illustrations, three apknows what the aims of foreign unabated vigor. In the first of pendices, an extensive biblimissions should be and would the two volumes mentioned ography, and a careful index. have the enterprise clearly dis- above, Mr. Soltau, a member of the Pre s b y t e ria n mission, A. J. B. cern and unceasingly fulfill. this U. S. A., since 1914, tells the aim 'of making Jesus Christ known to men as their Saviour and the world's Saviour, and of establishing living Christian Churches.

Ministers wanting missionary sermons; laymen desiring to

Books Obituary Notes "I

Christian Education in Japan-Report Rev. Edward Marsden, Presbyterian I had a of the Commission on Christian missionary at Metlakatla, Alaska, Education. Maps and Charts. 247 died there May 7. Mr. Marsden, son Prodigy pp. International Missionary Coun- of a chief .of the Tsimpshean tribes, cil. New York. 1932. was said to be the first convert of for a William Duncan, missionary from Ling-Yang. Ethel T. Thompson. 96 London, who had come to Fort Simp- Child" pp. 50 cents paper; $1 cloth. Cen- son in 1856. To avoid the evil in- tral Committee. North Cambridge. fluence of heathen practices "Father" '·1 thou~ht I had a prodigy for. child," • mother 1932. Duncan withdrew with his group of wrote us. 'But when I found that other children Christians to Metlakatla, 17 miles studying at home accomplished the stlme results and Lady Fourth Daughter of China. south of Fort Simpson, and in this with ease, I knew it was your Calvert Course and . Mary B. Hollister. 237 pp. 50 Christian community Edward Mars- methods." cents paper; 75 cents cloth. Central den grew up. He came under the Committee. No. Cambridge. 1932. influence of Sheldon Jackson and Calvert School trove Is to children oil over the dedicated himself to the ministry, world to give them, wherever they mdY live, eU thorough Living Issues in China. Henry T. studying in the United States and dn elementary education as children attending the Hodgkin. 215 pp. 60 cents paper; graduating from Marietta College and Calvert Day School in Boltimore, Maryland. It come, $1 cloth. Friendship Press. New Lane Seminary. He later developed to your home, bringing with it interesting bookst York. 1932. the church at Metlakatla, of which he pictures, new read ins devices and up-to-d.ste equip- became pastor in 1920. ment-everything the child needs for any Yea's work. Modern India. Sir John Cumming. The lessons ore clearly outlined step by step, and 304 pp. $1.50. Oxford University *** interesting to both parent ond child. Press. London. 1932. Principal Dugald McKichan, former- The knowledge of Calvert troined boys ond girl, Rainbow Empire. Stuart Bergsma. ly of Bombay and ex-Moderator of the impresses people-and impresses their tedchers later 294 pp. $3. Eerdmans Pub. Co. Church of Scotland, died recently. He when they finolly toke their place in high or preporotory Grand Rapids. 1932. was a missionary statesman under school. There is the usual elementory educotion, whose administration Wilson College, also rich training In cultural 41nd scientific subjects. Religious Education in Rural Church- Bombay, grew into a bulwark not of Scores of miSSionaries, exchange doctors, parents in es. Henry W. McLaughlin. 220 pp. faith alone, but of civilization in the the diplomatic service, h.ve enrolled their children, $1.50. Revell. New York. 1932. Eastern Empire. and found them wei equipped to enter hieh or pre:pdratory school on their return to the United States. Songs of Life. Henry Watson Frost. ** * There have been so manr of these enrolments thot now 120 pp. $1.25. Loizeaux Bros. there are Calvert Schoo centers in foreign fields. New York. 1932. Rev. William Walton Clark, D. D., a well known Bible teacher and for The full course begins with the first grade and Salting the Earth. H. & H. F. Top- ten years the Field Secretary of the carries through six years till hiSh school. It moy be ping. 38 pp. 20 cents. H. Top- Board of Domestic Missions of the taken os 0 whole or in port-ot 0 complete cost of $40 ping. Reformed Church, died on May 12th. a year, the school furnishing all lessons dnd materials. Persondl criticism of pupil's work by Cdlvert tedchers Silver and Gold. E. F. E. Wigram. *** $20 odditional. Kinders.rten courses ore avoil.ble 132 pp. $1. Church Missionary So- for use by individuals at $10.50, or in groups at ciety. London. 1932. Dr. Samuel D. Price, Business Sec- reduced cost. retary of the WorId's Sunday School The Partiality of Jesus. E. C. Com- Association, died of heart trouble at V. M. Hillyer, founder of Calvert Home Instruction fort. 154 pp. $1.25. Eerdmans his home in Montclair, N. J., on May School, wrote "A Child's History", "A Child', Pub. Co. Grand Rapids. 1932. 17th. Dr. Price has been a member Geography"-successful books imbued with the chorm of the official staff of the World's Sun- and appeal thot enliven all Colvert home lessons. Three Arrows. E. Ryerson Young. day School Association since 1917, Use the coupon for full information. 183 pp. $1 cloth; 75 cents paper. coming from successful Presbyterian Friendship Press. New York. 1932. pastorates at Shrewsbury and Cam- CALVERT SCHOOL, den, N. J. He received the A. B. The Advance Guard-200 Years of degree from New York University in 187 E. Tuscany Rood, Baltimore, Md. Moravian Missions. 95 pp. Mora- 1893 and the B. D. and A. M. degrees vian Book Room. London. 1932. from Princeton Theological Seminary Please send me full information, including" sample in 1896. In 1917, New York Univer- lesson. The Mother. Yusuke Tsurumi. 287 sity conferred upon him the honorary pp. $2.50. Rae D. Henkle. New degree of Doctor of Divinity. NAME …….. . York. 1932. Dr. Price gave his principal atten- ADDRESS … Under the Southern Cross. John tion to finance and pUblicity work for Christiansen. 220 pp. Scandinavi- the Association. Dr. Price also found Personal Items an Alliance. Chicago. time to serve as a member of the Lord's Day Alliance of New Jersey, (Continued from 2d Cover) The World's Danger Zone. Sherwood the New Jersey Christian Endeavor Eddy. 119 pp. $1. Farrar & Union and the International Council Dr. J. H. Rushbrooke, General Sec- Rhinehard. New York. 1932. of Religious Education. He has retary of the Baptist World Alliance, served since 1901 as the Recording left England on June 30th for Aus- World Pictures in the New Testament. Secretary of the New Jersey Council tralia and New Zealand. A. T. Robertson. 451 pp. $3.50. of Religious Education. Long & Smith. New York. 1~32. *** *** When Jew:s Face Christ. Edited by H. S. Ferguson, of the China In- Henry Einspruch. 188 pp. The Rev. Dr. David Matthis Sweets, land Mission, was captured by brig- Mediator. Baltimore. 1932. editor of "The Christian Observer" ands early in May and is still being and a minister of the Southern held captive. Earnest, definite prayer Youth and Creative Living. C. P. Presbyterian Church, died of a heart is asked for his release. Maus. 167 pp. $1.25. Long & attack at his home in Louisville, Ky., Smith. New York. 1932. June 8th. He was sixty-four years· Conditions in the province of Kansu old. At the time of his death he was are very difficult. Along one of the Brothers of the Lotus Buds. Godfrey a trustee of the General Assembly of main highways all the wells have been Webb-Peploe. 150 pp. 28., 6d. S. the Presbyterian Church in the United destroyed so that travel is impossible. P. C. K. London. 1932. States and of Center College. Moslem robbers are also very active, making missionary work hazardous. Everyland Children-Ah Fu and Me Despite these dangers, workers con- Too. Lucy W. Peabody. 56 pp. tinue to make every effort to reach 25 cents. Central Committee. No. the people and reinforcements have Cambridge. 1932. been sent by the C. I. M, to the sta- tions within its borders. Christianity and the New WOrld. F. R. Barry. 317 pp. $3. Harpers. New York. 1932.

Cameos of Our Lord: Pen Pictures of the Glories of the Matchless Man of Galilee. Robert Lee. 191 pp. 3s. Pickering & Inglis. London. 1932.

THE MOSLEM

SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE JULY NUMBER:· Hurgronje's "Mekka" .•.•.•..••••.•••.•••••••••••••.•••••.••….•.. Samuel M. Zwemer The Wahhabis and Ibn Sa'ud ••.•••….•.•• " •………••….••……••••• W. F. Smalley c. Medievalism in Arabia ….•.•••.••.•.••.•.•••.•..•.•……..••••.••••• S. G. Mylrea The Dragon's Teeth in Macedonia .•.•••••.•••••.•.•••••..•••..••..•.•.••. George Stewart The Martyrs of Nejran ..••.•.••.•••••.•.•••••.•••••••.•.••..•••..•.•. W. G. Greenslade Work Among the Blind in Egypt •••••.•••••••••••••••••••••..•••.••.•••.•• Gindi Ibrahim The Passion Play of Islam ••••••.••..•.•.•••.•.••..•.••••..•••.•.••..••• An Eye-Witness A Turkish Evangelist in Bulgaria …•……..••.••..•.•.••..•.•••…..•.. Stephan ThornoFf Hindu-Moslem Relations in India •.•…•••.•.•.•.•.•••…•••.••••..•••.•.. B. C. Ishwardas Current Topics • . . Book Reviews • • • Survey of Periodicals » SUBSCRIBE TODAY « Address THE MOSLEM WORLD 156 Filth Avenue N.w York Cily Single Copies! 50C'i Annudl Subscription, $2.00i in Combindtion with the REVIEW, $3.50 MARSHALL. MORGAN .. SCOTT. 12 Pel.rno,ler Building•• London Price in Gre.1 Briteln. Eishl Shilling•• nel Moslem Opposition Is Yielding Before Christian Testimony The Good News of Christ interpreted to Moslems through the Christian life and literature is winning a hearing for the Gospel in many lands.

Will you help to supply this much needed Christian literature for millions who have never heard this Good News-in Egypt Syria Irak Chine Morocco Palestine Persia Jaye Algiers Turkey India Tunis Arabia Malaysia Sumatra South Africa Send your help to the missionaries in these countries through The American Christian literature Society For Moslems Cooperating with Interdenominational Committees on the field.

BOARD OF MANAGERS William I. Chdmberldin, Ph.D., President . . . Dr. Robert E. Speer! Deldvdn L. Pierson! of New York, Vice-Presidents Mrs. Willidm Bdncroft Hill, Honorary Vice-President Mrs. Willidm Borden Mrs. J. M. Montgomery Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Dr. James Cdntine, Cor. Sec. Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treds. Rev. Robert W. Searle, D.D. Rev. Mills J. Tdylor, D.D.

Rev. Thomds S. Donohugh Dr. John H. Rdven Rev. A. C. Snead Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D.

Gifts may be sent to The Treasurer at 116 East 68th St., New York City. Apply for information to THE MOSLEM WORLD, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1932

1932

The Church in'Life of the Nation Newton W. Rowell A Divided Church and Missions Cleland B. McAfee Open Door in Savage New Guinea R. Taeuber Self-Criticisln of Missions Today Oscar MacMillan Buck Student Evangelists in Burlna H. I. Marshall

Items Dates to

KAGAWA'S The Rev. John A. Mackay, D. D., April 29-30-Editorial Council of the formerly a missionary in South Alner- RELIGIOUS PRESS, Washington, D. C. NEW BOOK ica, has been elected a secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the May 2-General Conference of the New LiFe Through God Presbyterian Church. U. S. A. He METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, At- expects to begin his service with the lantic City, New Jersey. Toyohiko Kagawa Presbyterian Board June first, devot- ing June and July to the work of May S-U-Biennial Convention of the Translated by Elizabeth H. Kilburn. Edited, the missions in Guatemala and in YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN Assoand with an Introduction by Kenneth Saunders. The Mexico where he now resides. CIATIONS, Minneapolts, Minn. Japanese teacher and evangelisl gives us a line, peDetrative Btudy of the ali-supplying, all.embracing Btream Dr. Mackay is a native of Scotland May 15-21-CHURCH CONFERENCE OF of Bpiritual life which emanates from God ……. $1.50 and is a graduate of Aberdeen Uni- SOCIAL WORK, Philadelphia, Pa. versity and of Princeton Theological William Owen Carver, D.D. Seminary. At Aberdeen he was honor May 18-Annual Conference, METH- man in Philosophy and in 1915 won a ODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH, Colum- The Course of scholarship in Systematic Theology at bus, Ohio. Christian Missions Princeton. From the Seminary he went to Spain, perfected his knowl- !.lay lS-20-THE COMMUNITY CHURCH A succinct yet comprehensive record which traces edge of Spanish and in 1916 went as WORKERS OF U. S. A., Buffalo, N. Y. the main line of the history and developmelltof Christia. a missionary of the Free Church of MlsaioDB from their beginning to the present day .. $3.00 Scotland to Peru where he founded May 24-28-A GENERAL SYNODICAL the Anglo-Peruvian College. He is the MEETING OF THE REFORMED CHVRCH Charles Allen Clark, Ph.D. author of "The Other Spanish Christ: a Study in the Spiritual History of IN THE U. S., Cleveland, Ohio. Religions of Old Korea Spain and South America." May 26-General Assembly, PRESBY- These studios have behind them nearly thirty years *** TERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A., of painstaking rosear"h on the pari of their compiler. A noteworthy study of an Important theme……. . Rev. L. Bentley, missionary of the * . . Denver, Colo.

._…………………………..1lIuatrated, $2.50 Presbyterian Church at Hamadan, * W. Reginald Wheeler Persia, has been selected to organize A Correction. In our March issue an error was made in stating that The Words of God in an the Sunday School work of Persia. Rev. Dr. L. Myron Boozer of Iowa, AFrican Forest: … … had been elected president of the … Board of National Missions of the The Story of the West African Mlsaion Presbyterian Church and Miss Ann E. JEAN KENYON MACKENZIE Bays: "A re- Dr. Conrad Hoffmann, secretary of Taylor, vice·president. It should have the International Committee on the been stated that Dr. Boozer was counting of the deeds of Christian adventurers _ _ _ Christian Approach to the Jews, and elected chairman, and Miss Taylor heroic and illustrious, shining out in lonoly places __ Dr. J. S. Conning, chairman of its vice-chairman of the National Staff a great contribution 10 Missionary literature." …. $3.00 North American Committee, have re- which met in Columbus, Ohio, in Jan- cently made a tour in the Middle West uary. This Staff is composed of the Arthur Judson Brown, D.D. and Pacific Coast States to form per- Staff Officers of the National Board manent local committees to undertake and the Executives of Synods and The Foreign Missionary the work of the committee in its area. especially designated presbyteries. Dr. Hoffmann is spending some A new and thoroughly revised edition of a missionary months in Great Britain and then *** elassic. Dr. Brown has brought his line study right goes to the Continent and to the Near up to date, and (if that were possible) lacreased ils A Correction-Dr. Judd's Address. value and significance………………….. Net $2.00 East. It should have been stated in con- nection with the reIJQrt of the address J. C. Winslow and Verrier Elwin *** of Dr. Walter H. Judd of China, be- fore the Student Volunteer Conven- Gandhi•' TInhdei.anDawFrneeodfom A. Victor Murray, of England, has tion in Buffalo, that the article as recently gone to Nigeria, at the invi- printed in the Review was made up of KIRBY PAGE says: "Few Britishers are SO well tation of the missionary societies in portions of the stenotype report which qualified to interpret the sigailicance of Mahatma Gandhi Southern Nigeria, to consult with the Dr. Judd had not had an opportunity to correct. This address, as corrected as are the authors of this volumea Here is an iB- (Continued on 3rd Cover) by him, is being published in the re- port of the Convention, and in a spevlgorating volume for all persons who are concerned cial leaflet put out by the Student about the future of Christianity in the Orient." …$1.50 Volunteer Movement.

Charles Ernest Scott, D.D.

*Chinese Twice-Born A group of authentic, Individual records, each and aU oC which discover the Gospel of salvation, operative In the life of a Chinese ChristilUl …………….$1.50 Indian Work .~ .JL. ~- TH-E-B- OA-R- D -O- F ~ FO~R~ EI~ GN~~ M~ IS~ SIO~N~ S .~ ..sz.., Lereine Ballantyne DEPARTMENT OF ANNUITIES Spirit Fire YOUR GIFT NOW A Story of the Petum Indians A graphic, absorbing pleinre is rendered of Indian liCe in a day when dreams were reg.rd.d~as being 'aU-important and a vigilant search maintained for the Tree oC Life ………………………………$1.50 Warren Eugene Crane WILL BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING OF GIVING WHILE LIVING AND THE Totem Tales: GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS THAT YOU WILL HAVE AN Indian Legends Prepared for Childroll Mr. Crane has devoted more than sixteen years to a INCOME FOR LIFE careful study of Indian lore, and knows his 8ubject ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK thoroughly……….. , ., ……………………$1.00 Fleming H. Revell Company New York – 158 Fifth Avenue PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A.

Chat THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

It' is cheering to hear words DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor of appreciation of the REVIEW in its new form-such as the fol- Vol. LV Ap,ril, 1932 No.4 lowing: Page We are more and more con- FRONTISPIECE-The Hon. Newton W. Rowell, K. C., LL. D…… . vinced of the usefulness of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE TOPICS OF THE TIMES ………………………………… 195 WORLD and we urge its reading India in the Balance Efforts for Peace in the Far East everywhere possible. Threatened Danger in Asia Missions and "War" in China AMELIA D. KEMP, Fifty-four Years Young Executive Secretary of the Women's Missionary Society THE CHURCH IN THE LIFE OF THE NATION., …….•…….. 199 of the United Lutheran Church. By the Hon. Newton W. Rowell. K.C .• LL.D.• leader in the Liberal Party I bought *a co*py*of THE RE- in Ontario; member of the International Missionary Council VIEW at the Florida Chain of A DIVIDED CHURCH AND MISSIONARY EFFORT …………. 202 Assemblies in January. It ap- By the Rev. Cleland B. McAfee. D.D.• LL.D.• author of "Changing Forpeals to me as the best maga- eign Missions"; Secretary of the Board of Foreign MissionSi :Presby- terian Church. U. S. A. zine' of the kind I have ever read. It inspires me and gives AN OPEN DOOR IN SAVAGE NEW GUINEA ………………. 205 me hope to continue with church By the Rev. R. Taeuber. Executive Secretary of the American Lutheran work. Mission in New Guinea MRS. CHARLES M. FISHER, SELF-CRITICISM OF MISSIONS TODAY ……….. ~" . . . . . . . . .. 209 Miami, Florida. By the Rev. Oscar MacMHlan Buck. D.D., author of "India Looks' to *** to , ',Her Future"; Professor of Missions and Comparative Religion at be allowed Drew University Might I say how STUDENT EVANGELISTS IN BURMA …………………….. 213 captivated I am with the new By the Rev. H. I. Marshall. Missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society at Il)selri. Burma fDrm and dress of THE MISSION- ARY REVIEW. The March num- DO OUR MISSIONARY HYMNS NEED REVISION? ………… 216 ber has just been placed on my By the Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer. D.D.. Editor of The Moslem World; Professor of Missions and Comparative Religion. Princeton Theodesk and it is most attractive, logical Seminary and I, with its many subscribers, hope that it will continue to serve an ever widening circle of THE UNTOUCHABLES BY WHOM WE TOUCH INDIA ………. 219 interested readers. By the Rev. Warren H. Wilson. D.D.. Secretary of the International Association of Agricultural Missions; Town and Country Work. MAMIE C. G. FRASER, Presbyterian Board of National Missions Secretary of the Women's Missionary Society, HINDUISM VB. CHRISTIANITy………………………….. 226 United Church of Canada. By the Rev. J. Harry Cotton. D.D.. Pastor of the Broad Street Presby- terian Church. Columbus, Ohio, and Joseph Oook Lecturer to India, *** 1931-32 Look for These CHRIST'S METHOD OF EVANGELISM ………………….. " 227 "The Mother of a Thousand Chi- nese Girls" By Dr. Sam Higginbottom. Principal of the Allahabad Agricultural In- stitute; author of "The Gospel and the Plow in India" The story of Donaldina Cameron and her heroic work for A CHRISTIAN MISSIONARY TO MORMONS-William Mitchell Paden …………………………………………….. 229 Chinese girls in San Francisco by Dr. Arthur J. Brown. By the Rev. A. J. Montgomery. D.D., Department of Alaska. Indians and Mormons. ,Board of National Missions. Presbyterian Church. "On the Edge of the Great U. S. A. ,I" Closed Land" The story of Moravian work THE POWER OF INl)lA'S WOMEN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 230 in the mountains of Lesser Tibet by Bishop Arthur Ward. By E. Marie Holmes. Principal of the Girls' Boarding School of the American Baptist Mission at Ganhati, Assam "A Missionary's Critics" EFFECTIVE WAYS O-F WORKING ……………………….. 233 Some interesting observations Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison by Dr. Paul W. Harrison of Arabia. WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN… . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 237 Edited by Anne Seesholtz and Florence G. Tyler "How Can Christians Win the OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK …………………………… 241 Jews?" A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events An address by Dr. John S. OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF………………………… 253 Conning, the national leader in wDrk for Hebrews in America. Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information "Are Missions Too Expensive?" Publicatio)l Office 40 S. Meridian St.• Indianapolis, Indiana A study by Dr. Cleland B. Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue. New York City McAfee who knows the cost and Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Indianapolis. Ind., under Act of the results from many angles. March 3, 1879.

"Can Mr. Gandhi Save India?" 25 cents a c':'py-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year By an Indian Christian who Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by the sees more than one side of the MISSIONARY REVIEW: PUBLISHING CO., INC. question. Board of Directors WHAT SUBJECT WOULD ROBERT E. SPEER. President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MILTON J. STAUFFER YOU LIKE TO HAVE WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD A. L., WARNSHUIS PRESENTED? WALTER MCDOUGALL. Treasurer SAMUEL M. ZWEMER WM. B.' LIPPHARD DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ERIC M. NORTH

HONORABLE NEWTON W. ROWELL, K.C., LL.D., OF

President of the Toronto General Trnsts Corporation: Liberal Leader in Ontario's Legislature, Delegate to First Assembly of League of Nations, Member of the International Missionary Council. (See article page 199.)

NARY

RJ3VIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER FouR APRIL, 1932 Topics of the Times INDIA IN THE BALANCE of the All-India Nationalist Congress to speak for India has been denied and strict police and mili- Keen disappointment was felt in all circles be- tary measures have been adopted to maintain law cause of the failure of the second Round Table and order. Conference in London to bring peace in India. It was hoped that the presence of Mr. Gandhi and Great Britain has clearly asserted her willingthe friendly attitude of Lord Irwin and Premier ness to grant India dominion status and to turn MacDonald might help to solve the difficult prob- over control of various departments as soon as lem of India's future government and her rela- practicable. Committees are already working tion to the British Empire. Mr. Gandhi went out various problems with the help of cooperathome disappointed and found India seething with ing Indians and the Viceroy has summoned modunrest and lawlessness in Bengal and the North- erate leaders who were prepared to confer on fuwest Provinces. ture plans. Many Moslems and other Indians are supporting the government in their efforts to The great obstacle to immediate self-govern- maintain peace and are ready patiently to work ment or full dominion status as a part of the Bri- out a satisfactory plan of cooperation. A sign of tish Empire seems to be the inability of Indian the times is evident in the appointment of women Hindus, Moslems, "untouchables" and various mi- to take the place of Nationalist Congress leaders nority groups to agree on representation and gov- who have been arrested. An eighteen-year-old ernmental control. The leaders of all classes in Brahmin woman has been appointed dictator of India agree in seeking self-government, but the the Poona Youth League and another Brahmin Moslems fear the overwhelming plurality of 238,- woman is dictator of the Maharashta Congress. 000,000 Hindus; the Hindus fear the warlike Women are also taking part in the violent revoluspirit of 77,000,000 Moslems, and the 50,000,000 tionary activities in Bengal. "untouchables" and other minorities are not willing to trust their fate to either great party; con- Mr. Gandhi stands for many commendable sequently they have been unable to agree on any ideals-including the abolition of child marriage, plan of representation and control. Moslems and of "untouchability," of the drink and drug traffic Hindus seem ready to attempt self-government, and of violence-but he is antagonistic to the only hoping to work out their problems without Bri- existing political government at present capable tish help. Great Britain, however, feels a re- of maintaining peace in India, and is opposed to sponsibility for the peace of India and is not ready the only spiritual power that can bring life and to risk the destruction of the peace, prosperity, satisfaction to his fellow countrymen, through civilization, and institutions she has built up Jesus Christ as divine Lord and Saviour. through a century and a half of effort. THREATENED DANGER IN ASIA Mr. Gandhi returned to India and urged wide civil disobedience, boycott and non-cooperation China's great affliction and Europe's preoccuwith the Indian Government. This program can- pation have offered the dominant military party not be carried out with non-violence and already in Japan an opportunity to strike a blow at China. several serious disturbances have occurred. At This is in spite of strong opposition within Japan Bombay the "depressed classes" made demonstra- itself. While there may have been provocation in tions against Mr. Gandhi, who claims to be their the disturbances in Manchuria and in the insecurchampion. As one inevitable result of the rejec- ity of Japanese life and property in China, nevertion of British proposals and the campaign of civil theless the Japanese are not justified in ignoring disobedience Mr. Gandhi and other nationalist treaty obligations or in allowing the militarists leaders have again been imprisoned. The right to invade the territory of their neighbor, regard- [195]

less of the consensus of world opinion as repre- cil asked Christian bodies in every country "to sented in the League of Nations. Intelligent Chi- implore the governments concerned to use for- nese and other clear-visioned observers on the field bearance and to settle disputes by peaceful means, acknowledge ignorance, rashness, selfishness and renouncing the use of force." This message was foolishness of many Chinese leaders which are transmitted to the representative Christian bodies largely responsible for political and economic dis- in Europe.

orders. These hinder the efforts to establish a It is reported from Japan that last October the stable government, but Japan's economic and na- Japanese police suppressed an entire edition of a tional interests could have been maintained by more peaceful means and by the promotion of magazine in which Dr. Kagawa appealed to a betfriendly cooperation. ter method than war for the solution of Man- churian problems. The government endeavored China, with over 400,000,000 people, offers a to protect Dr. Kagawa's life from assaults which wonderful market and a valuable friend for a might have resulted from his efforts to stem the friendly neighbor. China may be divided but will tide of the war sentiment. All who know him not be easily conquered, though she may suffer realize that he is not afraid of death, but that he greatly. If the League of Nations and America is wise and patriotic and self-restrained. A bold fail to effect her rescue at this crisis, her people anti-militaristic stand by any Christian individwill not only feel bitterly toward the enemy who ual or group would merely feed the fires of milihas attacked her, and toward those who stand idly tant patriotism ablaze in Japan. Dr. Kagawa by and see her despoiled, but China may turn has engaged the services of a full-time peace again to Communistic Russia and accept her god- worker, and has announced world peace as less program or she may naturally conclude that another of the definite goals of his "Friends of strong armaments and a militaristic policy are Jesus" and the Kingdom of God Movement. her only safeguard. If the Chinese people, com- Motoichiro Takahashi, an ardent peace advocate, prising nearly one-fourth the human race, be- is undertaking to promote a program for changcome fully militarized and seek revenge by force ing the attitudes of the coming generations in of arms they will menace the earth. In the mean- world relations even if the present war temper time outward attacks are healing many internal of the Japanese is beyond his influence. disorders and in this respect may prove a blessing in disguise. The patriotic fervor exhibited by If the settlement of international disputes were all classes, especially by students, has reached a left to Christians, there would be no wars, but it boiling point. If Christian institutions in China is difficult for Christians to exert sufficient direct and the Christian missionary forces can succeed influence to change the course of their governin teaching the Chinese wisdom and self-control; ments. Their responsibility is to educate and if they can promote the Christian spirit, while at agitate for international goodwill, for the extreme the same time they develop loyalty to country and limitation of armaments, for discarding aggresto treaty obligations; if America and Europe will sive policies and for peaceful methods of settling stand for justice and honor and will adequately controversies. The value of treaties, of league befriend afflicted China at this time, the effect will covenants and of world courts is now being tested. change the course of history-not only for China Will these agreements that have been entered into but for Asia and for the world. Evidently the by government representatives influence future Christian task in Asia is not yet completed. national action, when such a course seems to be against a nation's material interests? Is such a EFFORTS FOR PEACE IN THE FAR EAST provision as was adopted in Article XVI of the League of Nations Covenant to be disregarded Times of conflict and difficulty are opportuni- because it may injure trade or involve economic ties for Christians to show the Spirit of their loss? Great progress has been made in the past Master. When the Chinese crisis was at its be- half century in the settlement of racial, economic, ginning, President Chiang Kai Shek called a national and international disputes, for certain group of Christians to meet for prayer in Nan- moral rights and ethical prinCiples are acknowl- king, and his wife held daily prayer meetings with edged today, which were formerly ignored in a group of Christian women. The National dealing with weaker nations or groups, and the Christian Councils of China and Japan ex- machinery has at least been set up to deal with changed friendly messages advocating patience these questions. But selfish human nature has and asking for fellowship in prayer. Christians not radically changed and the only hope for the in America and England have joined in this establishment of God's Kingdom among men is world-wide fellowship of prayer. A cablegram through the new life and power that comes sent in February by the National Christian Coun- through the living Christ, taking possession of the cil of Japan to the International Missionary Coun- individual.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

MISSIONS AND "WAR" IN CHINA in Hongkew where St. Luke's Hospital is also lo- The sympathy of the civilized world is largely cated. A shell burst on the grounds of the Shangwith China in the present struggle against the Japanese invasion. This is in spite of past and hai University (Baptist) on WInhlaanngdpMooisRsiiovner~obmu­t present disturbances in China that have involved did no damage. The China widespread destruction of foreign property and have often included the abuse and death of for- pound in Hongkew was recently sold and the headeigners and of Chinese Christians. Foreign aggression, misunderstandings and false ideas have quarters moved to the International Settlement. caused much suffering, but strong nations must deal patiently with one that is weak or in a state The Bible societies lost valuable plates and books of transition. Like Russia, China is today trying a great experiment in reconstruction but un- in the destruction of the Commercial Press in Chapei. The Presbyterian Mission Press, which was also damaged, had recently oeen sold. The Southern Methodists have valuable property in Hongkew but no serious damage has been re- ported.

like Russia, the leaders of China have not adopted 2. American missionaries thus far have not rea godless philosophy and are not endeavoring to ported personal losses. Many of them have been disturb the social and economic status of other busily engaged in relief and rescue work, and a countries. If bandits, disorganized groups of sol- Southern Baptist missionary, Miss Rose Marlowe, diers and other lawless elements have caused was roughly handled by Japanese irregulars when damage to Japanese life and property, this is due she was visiting mission property. Many missionto unsettled conditions and is not chargeable to ary women and children, under advice of the ~AumseirhicaanndconZsaunlz, ohkav(estaletifotnsNaonnkinthge SYoaoncghtosw~ the Chinese people as a whole or to the government. RIver) and have temporarily taken threefiurO~"oestsin. Shanghai. The men have remained at The Japanese armed invasion of Manchuria has resulted in the establishment of an autonomous Chinese government under the former "Boy Em- The Bible Training School for Women, conducted peror," Henry Pu-yi, under Japanese protection, by Miss Parmenter (formerly of Nanking), is in and separated from the national government the Kiangwan section, which was occupied by the Japanese, so that the pupils and teachers were (Kuomintang) and without reference to the will moved to the China Inland Mission headquarters of the residents of Manchuria. The Japanese invasion of Shanghai has been carried forward in the International Settlement. Women and children have also moved from Shanghai Univerin spite of the protests of American and Euro- sity, on the Whangpoo River about four miles pean governments and has brought death to thousands of Chinese and destruction to millions of east from Shanghai center, and the nurses of st. dollars worth of property. It has also endan- ?"ered the lives and property of many foreigners Luke's Hospital, conducted by the Protestant III an~ out of the Foreign Settlement, one part Episcopal Church in Hongkew, were obliged to of WhICh (Hongkew) was made a base for Jap- move the patients to St. John's University in Jessanese military operations. field (west of Shanghai). Apparently st. John's was not opened after the Chinese New Year holi- A letter from the REVIEW to American mission days. Missionaries have also been obliged to boards having work in the Shanghai area and in leave their apartments in Young Allen Court, Manchuria asked the following questions: Hongkew.

. 1. Has any of your mission property been damaged 3. Many Chinese Christians in Shanghai have III the recent Japanese-Chinese conflict or your work inter- suffered the loss of their homes, their business, rupted? their personal property and their churches in 2. Have any of your missionaries left their stations on Hongkew, Chapei and Kiangwan. Many refugees account of the present disturbance? have not been heard from and other Christians have doubtless been members of the Chinese 3. Have any Chinese Christians in your mission suf- army. Chinese members of the Young Men's and fered because of the Japanese military activity?

4. ~as. the present conflict and the outlook changed your mlsslOnary program in China? Young Women's Christian Association staffs have Answers received to date from twelve boards suffered; both the foreign and Chinese members give the following information: are busily engaged in relief work for refugees, thousands of whom are in the International settle- 1. Practically the only mission properties re- ment and in the French Concession. ported damaged in Shanghai are Chinese churches in Chapei and Hongkew districts. Some of these 4. The mission boards look upon the present are connected with the Christian and Missionary disturbance as temporary and plan no change fn Alliance (whose headquarters were in Chapei); their policy in China. The unrest has caused de- others belong to the Protestant Episcopal mission lay in building the new St. Luke's Hospital and

other forward movements have been hindered; the the Nominating Committee, the following Difinancial losses of Chinese Christians may mean rectors were elected to serve for the ensuing year: curtailment in expenses, but the present crisis clearly shows the need for more earnest spiritual Dr. Robert E. Speer, President-Executive Secretary of work in China and in Japan; the China Inland the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, U. S. A. Mission and others report increased evangelistic opportunity around Shanghai. Dr. Wm. 1. Chamberlain, Vice-President-Secretary, Board of Foreign Missions, Reformed Church in America. The only American societies having work in Manchuria are the Presbyterians, the Methodists, Walter McDougall, T1'easurer-Manufactul'er, New the United Church of Canada and the Y. M. C. A. York. and Y. W. C. A. The Methodist and Presbyterian work is among Koreans near the eastern Man- Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary and Editor. churian border and in Harbin. Y. M. and Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, President of the Council of Women Y. W. C. A. work has been somewhat interfered for Home Missions. with by the Japanese demand that activities close Dr. Samuel McCrea Cavert, General Secretary, Federal before dark. The work among Koreans has also Council of Churches of Christ in America. been more difficult. The foreign workers have re- Rev. Wm. B. Lipphard, Secretary, American Baptist mained at their posts to encourage and strengthen Foreign Mission Society. their people in danger and distress. Dr. Eric M. North, Secretary, American Bible Society. Dr. Milton T. Stauffer, Pastor, Reformed Church, New The situation in eastern Asia, in India and Brunswick, N. J. throughout the world is convincing evidence of Dr. A. L. Warnshuis, American Secretary, International the supreme need for extending the sway of Missionary Council. Christ over the hearts and lives of men of every Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, Editor of THE MOSLEM race and nation. Christians in Japan and China, WORLD and Professor of Missions at Princeton Theoin America and England are earnestly praying logical Seminary. and working for peace, not only through disarmament and treaties but through united prayer and During the past year one of the original memeducation, and by the manifestation of the Spirit bers of the Board, Mr. Fleming H. Revell, entered of Jesus Christ whose realm knows no national into Rest and left a vacancy difficult to fill. Two or racial boundaries. stockholders, Mrs. Margaret B. Fowler and Mrs. Wm. Reed Thompson, and a valued friend and FIFTY-FOUR YEARS YOUNG member of the Editorial Council, Dr. Fennell P. Turner, also have rested from their labors. For over half a century THE REVIEW has served the missionary cause as an independent and evan- The main features of the Annual Meeting were gelical magazine with a world-wide outlook. No three addresses-by the President of THE REone can tell the number of volunteers who have VIEW, by the Rev. Jay S. Stowell, Publicity Secrebeen led, through reading THE REVIEW, to de- tary of the Board of Home Missions and Church vote their lives to missionary service; or the num- Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and ber of pastors and other Christians stimulated to by the Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D. D., of Princetake a deeper interest in the work of the King- ton. Dr. Speer spoke of "Some Current Missiondom; or how much prayer and giving has been ary Problems and their Solution." Mr. Stowell promoted by reading one or more of the 5,000 reviewed the present conditions in the United articles printed. That such results have followed States as created or indicated by poverty, neglect the publication is abundantly shown by personal and irreligion. He pointed out the tremendous testimonies and by correspondence. Wide influ- importance of the Home Mission enterprise and ence has also been exerted through the many quo- the need for regenerating many neglected areas tations and translations printed in magazines in in American life. Dr. Zwemer's stimulating admany lands. dress on "Missions in the Mohammedan World" was illustrated with stereopticon views. For the past sixteen years and a half THE RE- VIEW has been controlled by an interdenomina- In the present crisis in Christian life and work tional Board of Directors, whose chairman from at home and abroad it is especially important that the first has been Dr. Robert E. 'Speer and the faith in the Word of God and in the Son of God; Treasurer, Mr. Walter McDougall. At the recent emphasis on the spiritual resources and prayer; Annual Meeting, held on the afternoon of Febru- setting forth the need for united action among ary 11th, a large number of stockholders and other Christians of every name, under the guidance of friends gathered at 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. the 'Spirit; advocacy of sacrificial service and a After reports by the Secretary, the Treasurer, and forward movement policy-for all of which THE REVIEW stands and has stood for over half a cen- tury-that these should be continually held up be- fore the Church and should be the guiding prin- ciples of the coming generation. There is need for such an evangelical, interdenominational, inde- pendent magazine.

Church In the Life of the Nation*

By the HON. NEWTON W. ROWELL, K. C. I Toronto, Canada I~"

~========~==~==~~~==~============~ W E are living in one of the m.ost interesting measureable degree in improving the condition of periods of human history. The marvel- the masses of the Russian people, the results will ous discoveries of science are giving us not be confined to Russia, but its repercussions an ever-expanding universe, but an ever-contract- will be felt throughout the world. It is a great ing world. We have been thinking in the past in constructive, as well as destructive, experiment, the terms of countries, or continents or :nationali- and if it must be tried out, one is glad that it is ties. Now, we must think in being tried out elsewhere than world terms, for we are living History affords no parallel to on this continent. in a world era. The last war the present world situation- In China, where dwells onewas truly a world war-and especially in the reconstructhe first world war-for all the tion going on in Russia and in fourth of the human race with great nations were involved in China. We must 'have a world no common language which all it, and it affected every human outlook or we will be left be- can understand, with no modbeing on this planet. Now we hind. The Christian Church ern systems of transportation have a world court to settle dis- has a responsibility in nation- to connect the widely sepaputes between nations; we al and international affairs. rated parts of their country, have a world bank at Basle to Shall militarism or national- unaccustomed to self-governdeal with problems of world ism or atheism or Christian ment, we are witnessing the finance; and we have a world principles prevail? The for- spectacle of a great people endisarmament conference. We mer president of the Council deavoring to change fundamust have a world outlook. of the Government of Canada, mentally their political, eco- Transportation and communi- a leader in national and inter- nomic, educational and social cation are making of the na- national statesmanship, and a institutions in the short space tions one great community. member of the International of a few years. History af- Missionary Council effectively fords no parallel. It is a task While we are pas sin g shows the importance of the for supermen and if the results through an acute depression in Christian Church in national are disappointing to them and the business cycle, we are, at to us, we need not be surthe same time, witnessing life. prised. We must, however, fundamental changes in the po- recognize the great signifi- litical and economic structure cance of the Chinese revolution of society. One might illustrate these changes on the rest of humanity. Notwithstanding the by reference to Russia, China, India, and, to some civil wars and banditry, the Chinese are essen- extent, Germany. I shall content myself with tially a peaceable people, and if they find they referring to Russia and ChiI).a. cannot defend their frontiers or secure redress Russia is trying out one of the greatest politi- of their grievances, save by force, they have the cal and economic experiments in history. While courage, the energy and persistence to arm them- we do not accept either the political or economic selves and endeavor to secure by force what they theories of the Soviets and are fundamentally op- cannot secure by right. The situation in China posed to their attitude toward religion, we must, is one of the world's great problems today.

nevertheless, recognize that the success or fail- In the midst of these great movements and ure of the Russian experiment will have a pro- others, one might mention there is developing an found effect upon the course of human history. extreme form' of political and economic national- If the Russian experiment should succeed to a ism which is tending to separate the peoples of • An address g;ven at the annual meeting of Home Missions Council. the world into competing and hostile groups. Toronto. January 5. 1932. This extreme, political nationalism is expressing (199]

itself in increasing armaments, and extreme eco- Second: To Christianize our ecclesiastical renomic nationalism, in mounting tariffs that are no lations. The Church, divided as it is today, is longer merely for protection but are primarily wholly unequal to the task of grappling with and for the exclusion of the products of other nations. overcoming the forces arrayed against her. In Whole nations appear to be under the delusion view of the magnitude of the problems which the that they can continue to export without import- Church is facing, how is it possible to justify the ing. They appear to be losing sight of the funda- expenditure of time, energy and money by differmental fact that trade is essentially barter-na- ent denominations in the same community comtions cannot, in the long run, sell, unless they are peting with each other, when the time and energy of one would serve the community better and reprepared to buy. lease the remaining resources of men and money for other and more important tasks. How can One of the disastrous results of the last great the Church speak with the voice of authority to war, and of the growing political and economic a disturbed and distracted world so long as the nationalism of the past ten years, is seen in the several branches of the Church continue to spend present world-wide depression, in which millions their energies in competing with one another, have food to sell and cannot find buyers, and mil- rather than in facing together the common task? lions in need of food have not the money with Never was the need greater than at the present hour that the whole Church should pray the which to purchase it. From these results we can- prayer of Our Lord "That they all may be one . . . that the world may believe that thou has not escape until we remove some of the contrib- sent me." uting causes. Third: To Christianize our social and eco- When the last war was fought it was said to nomic relations. What is the Christian attitude be a "war to end war," and men who gave up toward business? Surely the great objective their lives fondly believed their sacrifice would should not be what it is-simply to make money not be in vain, and yet all the great powers are regardless of the methods by which it is made! spending substantially more on armaments today The Church must proclaim that in business as in than they did in 1913. These increased arma- morals there is a fundamental right and wrongments not only add to the burden of taxation, man should practice the right and ~,' ld the which is weighing down upon the peoples of most wrong. lands, but they increase suspicion and distrust among nations. Everywhere there is fear, in- What is the Christian attitude toward the restead of faith, distrust instead of confidence, and lations of labor and capital? Surely it cannot be the very foundations of our political, economic, that of class war! It must be that of cooperation social and religious institutions are being chal- between the two, recognizing the fundamental lenged as never before. rights and privileges of every human being.

In the midst of the confusion, one hears on Fourth: To Christianize our racial relations. every hand the increasing proclamation of a Millions of people repeat daily Our Lord's Prayer, purely materialistic interpretation of life. and how frequently those who pray fail to appre- ciate the significance of the petition "Our Father" What Shall the Church Do? and of the truth of the declaration of St. Paul, "That God has made of one blood all nations of Under these conditions, w/w,t is the place and men for to dwell on all the face of the earth." function of the Church in the life of the nation? The Church should set its face steadfastly against all racial prejudices, and seek to remove these First: So to present the life and teachings of prejudices by the proclamation of the Gospel of Christ that men may choose that Way of Life. It human brotherhood. is revolutionary teaching-it was revolutionary in the first century. It was said of the first Chris- Fifth: To Christianize our international relatian leaders that they were "turning the world tions. No emotions are more easily stirred than upside-down." It would be .revolutionary in the those of national animosity, and no emotions are present century, and if put into practice the less Christ-like. The Church must set its face charge against its leaders would be the same as against the unreasoning nationalism which would nineteen centuries ago. cultivate ill-will towards other people, and pro- claim the Gospel of Goodwill. The world is so The world is cursed with selfishness, individual shrunken in size that our humanity is now one and national. We expect it and suspect it every- great community and the nation state is no longer where. It lies at the very root of our troubles. an adequate organization to meet the needs of hu- One of our greatest needs is a new birth of unselfishness, where the joy of life will be found in service, not in self-gratification. "For whosoever will save his life shall lose it, but whosoever will lose his life for my sake the same shall save it."

THE CHURCH IN THE LIFE OF THE NATION

man society. It is essential that there shQuld be of Canada herself and of all other creditor CQunsome system of organized cQoperation among the tries if inter-governmental war debts and repara- nations for the preservation of peace. It is fQr tions were entirely cancelled. I believe it would this purpQse that the League of Nations and World give the world new hope and new courage, and Court have been established, and they have al- start the wheels of industry moving again. The ready made a great contribution to international creditor nations would, in the end, gain vastly cooperation and to world peace. I am not here tQ- more by the improvement in their own industrial night to appeal particularly fQr the League of Na- and economic condition as part of the general tions or the World Court, but I submit the reSPQn- world recovery, than they could possibly lose by sibility rests .on those who are not prepared to the cancellation of these debts. accept these organizations as instruments for international cooperatiQn and the preservation .of Existing military armaments are inconsistent peace to devise some other and better methQd with the Christian conception and ideal of interwhich all can accept. Organized international co- national relations. It would appear tQ be essenoperation is essential, if our civilization is to sur- tial that these armaments should be reduced if vive. Our experience and belief in Oanada is that humanity's fears are to be allayed and its burdens in the League of Nations and in the Permanent lightened and peace made possible. Court of International Justice we have suitable organizations fQr internatiQnal cQQperation,' which, Under existing conditions tariffs, formerly prothe more fully they are availed by the nations, tective, are, as I have already said, becoming exthe more adequately they will meet the world's clusive. They are driving nations apart in need. thought, sentiment and feeling, and are tending to make some nations bankrupt. The tariff ques- The United States has been represented .on the tian is ceasing to be purely an economic question; Permanent Court by one of its most distinguished it is becoming a moral one, affecting the welfare jurists ever since the Court was organized. The of humanity. There must be substantial reduc- President has nQW signed the Protocol for adher- tion in tariffs if international trade is to be reence of the United States to the Court, and it is vived. before the Senate for ratification. May one express the earnest hope that the United States, The task of the Church was never greater, which led the way in the movement for the cre- never more urgent, never more inspiring. I know ation of the Permanent Court, may soon become of no agency which can make so large or so valua member of that Court, and thus add greatly able a contribution to the permanent solution of tQ its prestige and strength. these grave and menacing problems as the Church. While these problems in many of their The Burden .of War aspects are political and economic, they are funda- mentally moral and religious-not that the Church As a result of the last great war the world is should attempt, in its corporate capacity, to solve struggling under a burden of inter-governmental these problems, but it clearly is the mission of the war debts and of reparation obligations which Church to create that atmosphere of brotherhood the debtor nations are incapable of discharging. and of goodwill among all peoples, which would Canada is one of the creditor nations in respect of not only make the solution of these problems posreparations, and she is not a debtor nation in re- sible, but would insist that the problems should spect of inter-governmental war debts. She in- be solved in the spirit and atmQsphere of .goodwill curred enormous obligations during the great war, and of brQtherhQQd. I can imagine no finer or but, like the United States, she owes these obliga- greater opportunity for service tQ the nation and tions to her own people. I have no hesitation in to the world than that enjoyed by the Christian saying that I believe it would be in the interests minister of today, for in his message lies human- ity's greatest hQpe for the future.

"0 tender Shepherd, climbing rugged mountains, And wading waters deep, How long wouldst thou be willing to go homeless To find the straying sheep?

"'I count no time,' the Shepherd gently answered, As thou dost count and bind .

The days in weeks, the weeks in months and years; I seek until I find, "'And that will be the limit of my journey.

I cross the waters deep, And climb the hillsides with unfailing patience Until I find my sheep.'''

A Divided Church and

Effort By the REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D. D., LL. D., ..:{ New York ):..

Author of" Changing Foreign Missions"

W ITH all zeal for a closer fellowship among rates brother from brother. Nobody wants the churches it must be admitted that the this kind of division and those who still best modern missionary work has been believe in the existence of denominations mean done by a divided Church. Where the Roman that the spiritual unity of Christian broth- Catholic Church has had undisputed sway in ill- erhood shall be maintained. If this can be troducing Christianity the 're- done, the rest will take care of suIts do not make one wish for itself.

such possibilities too widely. Is denominationalism the Moreover, the mission field On the whole, a healthier and "scandal of Christendom" at is the scene of many helpful more vigorous religious life home or abroad or are the di- movements toward union and results in lands where the visions a necessary expres- of a vast amount of coopera- Protestant forces are at work, sion of individuality? Does tive work, both among mis- and these are divided forces. It the mUltiplication of sects in sionaries representing Western would be poor argument to the Protestant Church in- Churches, and among the na- suggest that it is their division crease friction and administra- tional Christian groups formed that gives them power. All tion expense and decrease effi- from their work. These coop- that is now argued is that their ciency or does it increase in- erative enterprises cover a divisions have not hindered a terest and giving and decrease wide range-education, medi- certain degree of success in the danger of politics and cen- cine, translation, Christian lit- commending the religion of tralized power in the Church? era t u r e, training Christian Christ to those in mission Dr. McAfee ,has had wide ex- workers, establishing churches, lands. perience as a college and sem- and much more. There are We cannot argue that if only inary professor, a pastor, p a i n f u I exceptions-a few all the churches would unite in moderator of the General As- among the definitely organized one church we should then be sembly, world traveler, stu- churches, and rather more able to "win the world" speed- dent and missionary execu- among groups following par- iIy. Indeed, one of the baffling tive. His view of the situa- ticular lines and declining to facts of American life is that tion is worth pondering. cooperate with others. But so many instances occur in anything that gives the im- which the reduction of church- pression that the mission field es to one in a community does not result in deep- is the scene of strife and faction and confusion ening the religious life Or accomplish the chris- because of church divisions exaggerates the fact.

tianizing of the people. Possibly the Christian One wishes the story could stop there, but that faith is too rich to find an outlet in one form of would not be right nor accurate. Existing expression, either of belief or of practice or of church divisions are at many points terribly worship. If two groups of Christians could be costly to the missionary enterprise. The Chris- thoroughly Christian and accept each other as tian faith has been shamed before the unbelievers fellow-believers, they might do better service for of mission lands. Factions have even taken Christ as two groups than if they became one. cases into national courts, making plain the rea- The curse of division is that it cuts down into sons for the Apostle's horrified exclamations the spirit of believers so often and really sepa- against such unworthy practices. Small bodies [202] have refused to take part in joint efforts to make costs on the field are often heavier than they Christ known, because of some pressure from the ought to be and these are almost never reckoned home field. Many missionaries would go much among the items of "overhead" because they are farther than their supporting constituency would outside of America; They are still "overhead,"

permit in recognizing the equal Christian wit- however, since they are part of the cost of getting ness of other workers. Divisions in the West the work done.

are sometimes duplicated in the East on terms It is a grave question, which we ought to face, which would be ridiculous if they were not tragic whether it is necessary to maintain separate mis- and are often based solely on traditions brought sion boards and committees, with secretaries, in bodily from the West. treasurers, clerks, publications, promotion work- ers, using a considerable percentage of gifts for Three Serious Hindrances the purpose, when a number of them could be united at a great reduction of cost. It is the duty At least three serious hindrances can be traced of each board to keep a steady eye on its outlay, to church divisions among ourselves. but there is no escaping a heavy load of expenses I. These divisions result in a heavy increase by any supervision. Many dollars are used in adof "overhead" in missionary administration. It ministration because of church divisions in the is a testimony to the essential missionary nature West which could be released for field work if of the Christian faith that virtually all of the the divisions were healed or ignored. Western divisions have missionary work in other lands. No sooner does a group break away from The Influence on the Mission Field an existing body than it proceeds to undertake missionary work of its own. Sometimes the II. These divisions have a constant and in- smaller groups are deceived into thinking that evitable influence on the growing Church on the their work has no overhead cost because there is field. Most of the field divisions are the out- no paid secretary nor rented office. All the work growth of Western divisions, though many are is done voluntarily and without salary. But the now kept alive by nationals who are more earnest person who does the work has to live and all that in maintaining them than the missionaries. In happens is that somebody else pays the cost of several instances the missionary force by large living-a church which releases a pastor or a majority would have wiped out a divisive distinc- church worker long enough for this extra work, tion but the national believers stood with the mis- or an individual who makes this his gift to for- sion minority and refused to agree to any such eign missions can give less directly because action. This is often reckoned a particularly loyal he pays the collecting and transmitting costs of course on the part of the nationals. In most in- the enterprise. As the work grows, it becomes stances they have learned their lessons from ear- inevitable that someone must give more time to lier or present missionaries who brought it from it and presently an assistant secretary or treas- the West. In one country I had occasion to list, urer is employed and a modest office is rented so with a veteran missionary, all the thirteen sep- that supporters can be kept informed. Printing arated Christian groups, some in sharp antago~ bills begin to be larger than purely voluntary nism to the others, and I found that not one of gifts will meet, so they absorb the gifts of some them had originated in the land itself. All had donors, part of which might have gone directly been imported from America or Great Britain.

to the work. From this point on costs are sure On the other hand, there are cases where na- to increase and the best anyone can do is to resist tional groups wish to obliterate the division increased expenses at every point. which has been brought from the West and find But it would be possible to administer the that they can do this only by severing their rela- American or British end of several boards or com- tion to the sending body to which they owe their mittees at slightly more than the present cost of knowledge of Christ. The hand of the West one. The three or four largest boards in America reaches over to restrain them and to maintain could unite their forces and reduce their "over- among them the conditions which have seemed head" to little more than the cost of the largest. necessary on this side of the sea. But when West- They deal with the same problems, cover the same ern divisions are healed it is discovered that these fields at many points, could meet the same difficul- restraints are not necessary and the groups flow ties in ten fields as easily as in eight, and could together. It would release many national groups release a great deal of money for field work. Ad- for their larger and more efficient service if the ministration costs more at the point where all divisions of the sending churches were healed.

bills are highest, namely, in the home offices. Even III. The divisions in the Christian Church so, it must not be overlooked that administrative tend to magnify distinctions within the Christian

message rather than to emphasize the central initial, simpler steps in the Christian faith. But heart of the message which is common to all in- the serious danger is that in presenting to new telligent believers. The Gospel got its start in believers the special accents which mark us here the first place on very simple terms. The divisions we may shadow to their minds the big, central which now mark the Western Church' are not realities by which we all live. As wise helpers of native to the Gospel but are native rather to us. the faith of our brethren we have no wish to close It is not fair to load up the Gospel in a new land any pathway of discussion which may open bewith acquired elements which are not essential fore them, but our own part is to give them right beginnings in the simpler faith with which the to it. church starts. Courses that rest on our divisions We need not minimize the importance of the really misrepresent the Christian faith, which is meant to bring us together, not to separate us as things that divide us, but there can be no doubt believers. that the things that are common to us are the greater things, the central things, of our faith. Avoiding any exaggeration of the hindrance Or, to word it differently, the simpler things of caused in the missionary movement by our Westthe Gospel are the common things; the more in- ern divisions, there is danger and hindrance tricate things, the profounder implications of the enough in those divisions to drive us to heal them, faith are the debated things which are the ground or at least to ignore them, when we undertake to of our differences. We need not decry our own give others the essential Gospel through which we divisions even when we deprecate the transmis- have been saved. sion of them to others who have still to take the Present Trends in Foreign Missions Dr. Cornelius H. Patton in his address at the opening session of the conferences for the newly appointed missionaries of the American Board, set forth the following four- teen points showing some of the present-day trends in foreign missions: 1. To transfer leadership and ownership to the national Christians of each land as early as pos- sible.

2. To recognize more fully the responsibility of governments and to cooperate with them in so far as fundamental Christian principles allow.

3. To encourage and conserve the values of indigenous religion and culture wherever found, seeking always to domesticate Christian ideals and institutions in the environment and tradition of each land.

4. To maintain, as may be necessary, the distinction between Christianity and so-called Christian ci viliza tion.

5. To interpret the Christian message in such a way as to make it applicable to the total life of a people.

6. To make evangelism complete by emphasizing the Christ-sp,irit as the saving element in all proc- esses of social improvement.

7. To stress the improvement of rural communities as the special need of the hour.

8. To adapt education to the circumstances .of a given people and as furnishing the background for national strength as well as for the development of the religious life.

9. To offer motive and guidance in the effort to save the people of the East fr.om the mistakes of the industrial order of the West.

10. To work for the consolidation of the Christian forces throughout the world.

11. In the selection and training of missionary personnel to insist upon the highest degree of effi- ciency attainable.

12. To help people at home and abroad to realize and appreciate the world of our day as a unity of interests and aspirations.

13. To attempt to preach the eternal Gospel by word and in terms that men and women of this age will understand.

14. To find in the leadership and saving power of Christ the only hope of a distressed and bewil- dered yet spiritually hungry world.

Dr. Patton added that the American Board could honestly lay claim to having worked through the years along these lines with perhaps the exception of three which are new to the entire Christian world. -The Congregationalist.

Open Door in Savage N e"W Guinea*

By the REV. R. TAEUBER, St. Paul, Minnesota Executive Secretary, American Lutheran Mission in New Guinea W HEN the Venerable Senior Lutheran Mis- Gospel) even in the remote corners of the terri- sionary, Dr. John Flierl, and Missionary tory. While in the year of our Lord 1900 only Tremel first landed at Simbang forty-five two natives in that district had been converted years ago, no one was on the beach to meet them. to Christ, during the following thirty years After having pitched a tent to store their belong- 30,000 have been baptized after a thorough in- ings they went over to the nearest village looking struction lasting from three to six years. Dur- for natives, but not a soul could be found. The ing the year 1929, 4,000 natives were baptized men, women and children, together with every- and 4,633 others attended preparatory classes.

thing movable, had disappeared into the bush. This growth has been realized in spite of small These ambassadors of Christ realized that they beginnings, adverse times and paralyzing condi- were not wanted and were con- tions, and notwithstanding the fronted by an enemy behind a fact that during the World wall of passive and active re- War the mission was cut off sistance. The doors of New from its mother Church in Guinea were closed to them and Germany and was put into fortified with innumerable and hands entirely unprepared for a p par ently insurmountable the task. The work has devel- barriers. oped wonderfully and is now The New Guinea natives expanding at such a rate that were bloodthirsty savages and the churches at home have had cannibals. It is a miracle that to serve notice to the missiona- they did not kill and devour ries on the field that for eco- these white intruders. But as nomic reasons curtailment was ancient enemies were smitten necessary.

with blindness, so these na- The present white staff con- tives were smitten with fear TYPICAL OF THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN sists of thirty-six ordained misso that they did not dare to DARKNESS AND LIGHT IN NEW GUINEA sionaries, including one doctor, touch God's servants. Natives six nurses, twenty-one lay mis- after their conversion to Christ have said: sionaries, three women helpers and thirty-six "When we saw the big steamer far out off the married women.

coast, we thought that God had come down and There are twenty main stations, two seminaries, was rocking himself on the waves smoking a big four coconut plantations, one sawmill, two sup- cigar." The missionaries were thought to be ply stores, a health station, hospitals, schooners gods because of their white skin. and motor boats. In 170 schools 196 trained native It was only after fourteen years of hard and teachers are instructing 4,853 native children.

sacrificial labor by the pioneers that they saw There are also approximately 500 native helpers.

the first fruits of their faithful service. Then, in The outstanding feature of this mission is the 1900, they baptized the first two Papuans to ac- training of native evangelists. The Papuan cept Christ in that part of the island. Since then Christians are taught to consider it their duty the wall of pagan resistance has been crumbling to bring the miti (the Gospel) to their pagan more and more. Cannibals are still to be found neighbors and to the strangers in the interior.

in the interior and only recently two missiona- This is done at great sacrifice and even at the ries had to flee from spears and arrows. But on risk of life. Usually when a class is baptized the whole the doors are open to the miti (the some of the members volunteer to help in mission • Observations on my visit to the Territory of New Guinea, 1929-30. work to become trained helpers or to do "their bit" as untrained workers. R. Taeuber.

[205]

pause. Someone from the a u die n c e then asked: "Have you nothing to say?" Finally a tall Timbe man arose and said: "Our heads are hanging low. We will learn the new way."

At Quambu I had been invited by the native to at- tend the first confirmation and, with their missionary, to lay my hands on the young converts. At the close of the service a na- tive with troubled features arose and with bowed head slowly and hesitatingly came forward. At the lad- der leading up the plat- A CONGREGATION IN THE LUTHERAN MISSION. MANDANG, NEW GUINEA form, 10-12 feet above the ground, he paused, while During my visit to this far-away mission field all eyes were fixed on him. According to na- it was my privilege to attend several baptismal tive custom no one asked what he wanted, but festivals. At Sombore, a station 8,000 feet high all waited patiently. Suddenly his irresolution in the Cromwell Mountains, I saw Missionary seemed to vanish and he ascended the platform Wacke baptize the first fruits of that village- and said: thirty-two men and women. Ten years ago they "I want to make a short speech. Do you see this were cannibals; now they have become missiona- pUlpit with or without fruit? There is no fruit," ries of Christ. At the close of the services sev- he shouted at the top of his voice, while the audieral young men volunteered to become helpers, ence nodded assent. He continued: "I had while close by on the slope of the hill sat about hoped to present today my boy as a candidate for 150 people of the Timbe tribe, half naked, with the helpers' school, but my wife refused. I contheir grim savage faces and unsteady eyes. Their sulted her brothers but she would not yield to spears, bows and arrows were always at hand. their appeals. What can you do if you have such Will these, too, become Christians? a stubborn wHeT'

During the afternoon celebration one of the na- Saying this he de!,cended. Later the congre- tive teachers called for a Timbe woman (named Pui- pui) and, pointing to her as she stood before all the people, shouted to the Timbe men: "You Timbe are not men, you are women; you fear the spirits of the dead and the sorcerers and your neighbors. You would like to try the new way, but you are cowards. This woman here has the heart of a man, she has courage and has shown you what to do."

He paused and then INTERIOR OF THE SIMPLE CHRISTIAN CHURCH AT AMELE. NEW GUI~EA asked : "Now tell me, am I right or did I tell you a lie '?" There was a long

AN OPEN DOOR IN SAVAGE NEW GUINEA

gation took matters in hand and the boy is now preparing for m iss ion work.

Going up the Markham Valley for more than sev- enty-five miles on horse- back, I rode through a forty-mile stretch without passing a single village.

Years ago the Laewomba tribe had killed most of the inhabitants. The few remaining people settled farther up the river or took to the mountains.

Now the Laewomba are sending Christian evangel- ists to their benighted fel- TRAINING A NEW GUINEA BAND-WITH BRASS INSTRUMENTS AND SEA SHELLS low Papuans to bring them peace of heart and life. was creeping down from the mountains. The missionary pointed to one of our black carriers On the grass plains of the Azera district on and said: the upper Markham, we passed through village after village. A great change has taken place and there is a marked contrast between former "The other day this young man confessed to me conditions. The Christian settlements are clean- that ten years ago his father and other men of the er and more orderly. Men and women work; the village, while hunting in the bush, had suddenly children attend school; the natives greet you in come upon a woman of a hostile tribe. They seized a friendly manner; their whole life and appear- her and triumphantly carried her back to their ance shows that a new spirit has taken possession own village where she was hung all night,. danof them. gling from a pole to which her hands and feet had been tied under one of their huts. To prevent We were about to enter one village as darkness her screaming a man broke her jawbones with a club. The next morning this young man now carrying my pack, then a boy of about ten years, was se- lected to kill the woman with a wooden sword, after which the villagers feast- ed on her flesh."

Entering the village we heard another sound-not the screams of the poor captive woman but the tones of a little church bell calling the villagers to wor- ship. Anutu (God) was being honored in the small bush chapel after ten years of mission work; what a change!

A few years ago the Pa- puan natives were accus- BAPTISMAL SERVICE IN THE LUTHERAN MISSION AT CARABO tomed to trade children for f 0 0 d supplies, especially

durillg a famine. While some ate their ac- of his head to the soles of his feet, appears wear- quired yams, taro and the like, others feasted ing a demon mask. Beating his drum he dances on the. flesh of the bartered children. Now these into the open square continually praising himself people take their children to as the prince of darkness, of other villages, not to sell but lies and all evil and promising to put them in the mission his followers joys of life.

school. Then the beating of another Unbelieving skeptics who drum is heard as a snow-white scoff at Christian missions figure emerges from the bush should go to New Guinea and and also enters the square. He look into the eyes of former announces him s elf as the savages and cannibals and Prince of Light and Love and listen to their songs and demands obedience to Anutu pra~ers, .. and his miti (the Gospel); The Christian Papuans not he calls men and women to only meet for worship but they struggle against the power of also· have other mission gath- darkness, and to bear a cross; erings. Melanesian Day is a he promises true joy and happi- festival that lasts several days ness in the way of the Light and is attended by thousands and a blessed life hereafter.

of Christian and non-Christian The dark figure disappears in- natives. By sermon, pageant to a pit that has been prepared and dialogue the native teach- and covered with palm leaves ers, elders and others endeav- while the white figure raises or to deepen the knowledge the drum amid shouts of vic- and interest of the visitors and tory. The dark figure emerges to arouse enthusiasm for mis- A CHRISTIAN LINK BETWEEN THE RACES again to illustrate the reactions sion work among their be- of heathendom, but finally the nighted black brethren. They DR. J. FLIERL. THE SENIOR LUTHERAN dark figure flees into the bush have a unique way of illustrat- MISSIONARY. WITH HIS GRANDSON AND and disappears. The light of A NEW GUINEA CHILD.

ing Biblical teachings and Christian life. For the miti (the Gospel), of Anutu (God) has won.

example: Heathendom must be conquered.

The beating of a native drum far off in the bush May God give abundant light to His people in comes nearer and nearer. Thousands of eyes are New Guinea and help them to conquer darkness.

turned in the direction of the sound. Suddenly May His face shine upon them and may He be a dark figure, painted jet black from the crown gracious unto them.

WHAT IS THE COMPENSATION?

The full story will never be told of what missionaries have endured. Much of it has been borne in secret with that silent patience that seeks recompense only from God. They have said good-bye to parents and friends, many of whom they have never seen again on earth. Often on their return, they have only memories of father or mother and a marble slab or a plot of green in the graveyard. They send their children home and, having com- mitted them to God, settle down again to bear without complaint their wistful loneliness. The past few months have revealed all too poignantly the sufferings and the heartaches of our missionaries despite the courage with which theY have endured. Sdme are beset by dangers untold, by flood and famine and· banditry and war. Their hearts are broken by the sight of the need and suffering around them. They are burdened with the overwhelming weight of crass superstition and idolatry.

A missionary was asked what compensation he had found in his work for all the sacri- fices he had made. He took from his pocket a letter, worn with much handling, and read this sentence from an Oriental student: "But for you, I would not have known Jesus Christ, our Saviour. Every morning as I kneel down before God, I think of you and I pray."

"That," said the missionary, "is my compensation !" REV. C. DARBY FULTON, D. D.

Self;,Criticism of Missions Today*

By DR. OSCAR MAC MILLAN BUCK, Madison, N. J.

Professor of Missions and Comparative Religion at Drew University W E are in the beginnings, not merely of a sand mISSIOnaries in so-called non-Christian new age, but of a new decade that carries lands; they help in the support of over sixty-five the characteristics of a new age. In this thousand native teachers and preachers and workdecade of the nineteen hundred and thirties our ers; they conduct almost twenty thousand schools intercontinental consciousness has become vivid and educational institutions, from the kinder- and permanent. In this decade we have made a garten to the university, with over eight hundred definite commitment to a new world order. We thousand students; they are carrying on over have made an attempt to re- four hundred hospitals in one turn to "normalcy," such as we hun d red and twenty-three knew before the World War be- Are we up-to-date in our countries and imp 0 r tan t gan to tear up our Western civ- missionary methods? What is provinces. It is obviously im- ilization by the roots. The this Christian enterprise ac- possible in the short space of present goal is not "Back to complishing today in a mnd half an hour to critically ap- normalcy," but forward into a like India? We are at a crisis praise the place of this enor- new world-wide order, inclu- -perhaps the greatest since mously developed enterprise in sive of all the continents, all the Crucifixion. The mission- the midst of this extensively the races, all the nations, all ary enterprise and the Church developing world transforma- the classes and both sexes- itself is being severely criti- tion.

forward into the mist with the cized by the youth and those Let me say three things at ground trembling under our outside. the outset. First, I realize feet. The year just closed is Dr. Buck has just returned that this is a very serious time one of the most critical and sig- from a tour of India for the in which to criticize the mis- nificant in the history of man- purpose of examining criti- sionary enterprise. Christian kind; the new year before us cally the work on the field. He missions are in a retrenchment summons us to new thinking, shows some of the changes movement of considerable mag- new relationships, new organi- that must be made if Chris- nitude and of considerable zations, new fears, new hopes, tianity is to be at the heart of danger. It is possible that this and new deliverances. the forward movements in all great adjustment to new lines We are in the midst of the lands-not only on the edges. and new positions may end in great world-wide movements, His constructive criticisms catastrophe. The breakdown anyone of which is sufficient are worth reading. and the breakup of the work to revolutionize the world as of the previous generation we knew it away back in the would be a calamity. What nineteen hundred and twenties. I have been the church needs today is not criticism, but asked to appraise the present Christian mis- confidence, and any criticism that is careless, sionary enterprise in the light of this rapidly wild or reckless may do incalculable damage to a developing world situation, an enterprise which movement that has at its heart the redeeming reaches its fingers into the depths of all the con- Gospel of Jesus Christ.

tinents and which has its footholds on the borders Second, I realize that many missionary leaders, of all lands. those at the heart of the administration, are fully The Protestant churches of North America conscious that great changes are needed in the alone put thirty-five million dollars a year into missionary enterprise today. The good field mar- this commitment; they keep over fourteen thou- shal of the Protestant missions, Dr. John R. Mott, has published a volume entitled "The Present-Day • From an address on "A Critical Appraisal of the Missionary Enter- Summons to the World Mission of Christianity." prise in the Light of This Present World Situation," delivered at the One of the secretaries of the International Mis- Eleventh Quadrennial Convention of the Student Volunteer Movement, Buffalo, New York, December 31, 1931. sionary Council dares to quote from a friend who [209]

said, "Within ten years the Protestant missions missions were prominent in the procession that will be so different as to be scarcely recognizable." marched around these ancient Jerichos of super- In the current number of the International Re- stition, ignorance, darkness, injustice, oppression view of Missions Dr. Qharles R. Watson, a for- and grief. mer Mission Board secretary, and today the President of the American University in Cairo, says: Having said this by way of introduction, let me "Frankly, it is missions as such that now need re- say that my criticism, my appraisal of Christian thinking; that the world changes since 1914 have missionary enterprise is not out of books, but it been revolutionary will, I think, be universally is out of my own experience. I myself come out conceded; that missions have experienced any of confusion of mind. I am just out of India, drastic changes will be claimed by no one." Both whither I went as secretary of the commission on the mission field and in North America there sent by the International Missionary Council and are many who realize that the Christian mission- cooperating bodies to study the Christian colleges ary enterprise is at present inadequate for the of India. I was also in India five years ago for nineteen hundred and thirties. We do not need eight months as the companion and associate of to drag such leaders into a more adequate pro- that modern St. Paul-Dr. Stanley Jones. gram and strategy. They are moving as rapidly as we will let them move into a program that is When I returned to India this last year I found adequate for the coming day. in five years such changes, such a shift in the whole missionary enterprise and its relationship Third, I do not intend to criticize the Christian to the life of the land, that I was thrown for a missions on the basis of failure in the past. Fail- time into great darkness and confusion of mind. ures there have been, but failure there has not I have had to work my way slowly out of that conbeen. Reverse the picture. Those things which fusion and I speak of the things which I have seen have been put into statistical tables and which and the things which I have learned. many have considered as the principal result of Christian missions, put those in as the by-product, An IDustration From India and what have been considered as the by-product, consider as the principal results of Christian mis- Let me take India as an illustration of what I sions, and what do we see? Static civilizations have to say in appraising the missionary enterhave become mobile. My mother went to India prise. This is the oldest and in some ways the sixty years ago. (She is still living, thank God.) most successful of our mission fields. During those sixty years she has seen an India that was static and inert aroused and moving so In the first place, the Christian missionary enrapidly that any man who is away from India for terprise is being forced from the heart of these a few months goes back to find a strangely great movements, which are developing and exchanged land. panding with such rapidity, out to the circumfer- ence of these movements. On the one side we Another great phenomenon is the "approxima- have this situation developing so rapidly along tion of religions." The great religions of the many lines as to be almost revolutionary, and on world are moving toward Christianity and are the other side we have a great Christian institubridging the chasms that separated them from tionalism with machinery, heavy and intricate, Christian ideas and ideals, from Christian prin- unable to adjust itself quickly to the turns in the ciples and ethics. Again, it is not an exaggera- road. Christian missions seem to lack a steering tion to say that the conscience of the world today gear equal to the heavy mechanism which they is more Christian than it has ever been. The min- possess. Conditions have changed so rapidly that istry to the under-privileged and to the sick has they have not been able to adapt themselves to gone far beyond the Christian Church, and has these tremendous changes in Indian life. As a now become the concern of States. Christian result, these great movements are going past us. friendships have had a powerful influence. The They may not be un-Christian, or anti-Christian, ethical wholesomeness of many Christian lives and one might welcome this fact, but they ignore and of Christian homes established in non-Chris- Christianity, as they move toward their goals. tian lands tell the same story. The proletariat The Christian missionary enterprise, if it is to movement, the women's movement–all these play its part in the nineteen hundred and thirties, great transformations in the life of the mission and to speak to men's consciences and minds with fields are results, in a large measure, of the Chris- authority and power, must move into the center tian missionary enterprise of the Protestant of these great movements. That involves a new churches. We do not claim that they are alto- strategy, a new alignment, and a new effort on gether due to missions-but at least Christian the part of the Christian churches. It means withdrawal at certain places; concentration at other places. It means unified thinking and con-

SELF-CRITICISM OF MISSIONS TODAY

certed action on the part of widely different de- education in the nineteen hundred and thirties nominations. and forties. Said one official, "The finest thing Take the Nationalist Movement in India. What that Christian missions could do in India would outstanding Christian leaders have we in this be to close all its men's colleges and turn them movement, and Protestant movements have been into women's colleges." We are not awake to our in India for two hundred years? There are some opportunity. There are only three small Chrisyounger Christian men coming on. It was a tian colleges and three larger colleges for women great loss to the Christian Church of India when in India. Only three and one-half per cent of the K. T. Paul died last year, for he was rapidly mak- students in Christian colleges of India are in the ing his way into the inner councils of that great women's colleges. Ninety-six and one-half per development. But Indian Christianity is still a cent are in the men's colleges. The women are minority group on the edges of the Nationalist not doing their share in this great, developing women's movement in India, which carries the Movement. Take the great movement of the proletariat of regeneration of India so deeply in its heart.

India. These fifty million untouchables, a part The Influence of Education of the proletariat movement of the world, are moving forward without wise Christian leader- Take the field of education. Our educational ship and without efficient lay leaders. They work is not in the heart of the movement of the desperately need wise, trained leaders who can day. It is being pushed to the edges. Christian lead this multitude out of their Egypt of disabili- missions have had a splendid record in education.

ties into their Canaan of equalities with other peo- Eight per cent of the colleges of India are Chris- ples in India. Christian missionaries were the first tian. Sixteen per cent of the students who go to go to the untouchables. We were the ones that through colleges in India go through Christian drew attention to their lot. We walked into their colleges. We have the opportunity to mold one hovels and flashed the light of a better day into out of every six college graduates, but the printheir dim eyes. We sat down and, pointing with cipals of these colleges recognize that we are slip- .our fingers to the letters of the alphabet, taught ping, and it was because of their request that this them to read. We made out of them a separate commission was sent out to suggest how the community, so that they were no longer untouch- Christian colleges of India could work back into ables-they were Christians-a separate fold. We the center of things. We are tied to a state sysdid not constantly keep sending leaders back, as tem of education which is still wandering in the Moses and Aaron were sent back to their fellows, wilderness, which is determined by the poverty of with the word "Thus sayeth the Lord God, let my India rather than by what is good for India's welpeople go"; and now Gandhi claims to be their fare; in this situation the C:p.ristian colleges find champion. The spinning wheel and the "un- themselves unable to use adequately the opportutouchables" are his favorite themes. nities which they themselves create. There are The Great Women's Movement more non-Christian teachers in the Christian col- leges for men in India than there are Christian Take the great women's movement in India to- teachers. There are three hundred and ninetyday. The president of the Women's Educational seven non-Christian teachers in the thirty-two Conference, speaking at Lahore, said that the Christian colleges for men, while the Christian Christian missionaries were responsible for the teachers number three hundred and fifty-seven. In beginnings of the women's movement in India. many a Christian institution non-Christians are She paid a high tribute to the Christian mission- teaching science and philosophy-two tremenaries, but their leadership is largely gone from dously important subjects for the nineteen hunthe women's movement in India. Theosophists dred and thirties.

lead the procession now. Christian missions for There is, of course, an overwhelming prepon- women have been too suspicious of the Nationalist derance of non-Christian students in Christian Movement, too unwilling to trust that movement colleges-eighty-seven and one-half per cent in with its traditions and ideals out of the past of the men's Christian colleges are non-Christian.

India. And yet we still hold a very strategic In India the largest American college has a stu- place in the women's movement. Christian wom- dent body ninety-seven per cent non-Christian, en's colleges are the best all-round colleges in In- and the largest British college has also a non- dia. We were told there that the finest thing that Christian student body ninety-seven per cent.

Christian missions could do in India would be to With a faculty so largely non-Christian, and with prepare for the great avalanche of Hindu and a preponderatingly non-Christian student body, Moslem women who would be demanding higher how can we expect Christian colleges of India, or

of any land, to create more than a mild Christian missionary enterprise before we can go far in influence? They ought to be making a profound meeting, joyfully, adequately and enthusiastically, Christian impact upon the situation. With the the claims of this new decade. In large measure crowded curriculum and the efforts to keep up the best youth of the colleges and of the churches with the administration and the routine, our have been lost for the missionary task of the Christian missionaries can not give themselves Church of Christ. We must speak a vocabulary adequately to personal contacts with men and that they can understand. We must move out women, or with students. into a world that they appreciate as the world in which they live. Every newspaper sounds the Again, I would like to say that the great fallacy bugle call. A new world is forming for better or in modern missions is the conception that many for worse. For one thing the student today is out means much. It does not. Many Christians do of patience with the word "home" and the word not mean much Christianity. Many centers oc- "foreign." He wishes to deal with the whole cupied do not mean much accomplished, and many world and not a divided world. These movements, institutions do not necessarily mean much Chris- these crises, these clashes of which we hear, tian influence. We must not depend on the statis- stretch clear across the continents in these ninetical tables to estimate the power of Christianity. teen hundred and thirties. Is it not time to take The Kingdom of Heaven is not a chamber of com- the word "foreign" out of the Christian missionmerce. In the strange mathematics of Jesus one ary enterprise? We must enlist the youth of the may be more important than ninety and nine. world in the service of Christ for all the world. The most stirring things I saw in India were not buildings or crowds. Among others, a most I close with two brief words of hope. This is a stirring sight was the face of a Burmese girl be- day when God is working. Jesus Christ in His longing to the Gospel Team sent to India from day saw the Kingdom of God moving across the Judson College, Burma; another was a young threshold to form a new era. He went out to meet Christian apologist in a small village of India, it at dawn, and expected God to work His martalking to a crowd of Mohammedans; and an- vels in that new day. He kept this attitude of other was a Lutheran communion service at expectancy to the end. As He hung on the Cross Guntur. Not many necessarily, but much. He was still eagerly expectant-and just beyond' "this day" loomed "paradise." God is creating Too Much Finances and it is time for us to work with Him.

Again, I am convinced that we have put finances The last thing I say is that we must not forget too much to the front in modern missions. At the Power that may dwell in a single human perhome we have made the collection plate and the sonality. Under the influence of this Power eleven duplex envelope rather than the Cross the symbol disciples "turned the world upside down." One of missions; as a result, we seem to say, "If any disciple became the great apostle to the Gentiles. man would be Christ's disciple, let him join the Two German students set the Protestant missionchurch and make his subscription and so follow ary enterprise to going in Europe. One young me." We have spoiled a good word "missions," English cobbler and one young Cambridge don which means "sending," and have made it mean woke the churches of England to look across the "spending." Sacrificial enthusiasm was charac- seas. Five college students started the Foreign teristic of the first missions and finances were Missionary Movement in North America. A secondary. When enthusiasm dies out we must handful of young men at Mt. Hermon heard the struggle to keep up the finances. What we need call and seized the opportunity forty-five years to do is to bring in the tides of enthusiasm for a ago and started the greatest Christian crusade of new world, a Christ-like world, and the finances all history. The power in the personality of will be lifted by the impact of the tide. Jesus is not exhausted. I do not believe that we have yet reached the frontiers of the dream, the Other constructive criticisms I might make, but hope, the enthusiasm of Jesus Christ for the let me close by saying that the youth, the best of world. According to His faith it will yet be done our Christian youth, must be recaptured for the unto Him.

There is no denying the faet that there is much muddled and confused thinking today with regard to Foreign Missions. and there is assuredly widespread ignorance and misunderstanding. It is to be feared also that there is a great deal of nllsrepresentation.

When. for example. it is stated that the Foreign Missionary work of the Church has lost sight of its primary evangelistic purpose and has become educational and philanthropic, the statement represents either ignorance or misrepresentation. The Foreign Mission work of our Church stands solidly on the great commission of our Lord. Its representatives have gone out to preach the Gospel, to make Jesus Christ known as the only Saviour of the world; to tell the stOry of His life and His death and His rising again, and to declare the meaning and the joyous message of His Cross and His Resurrection. RoBERT E. SPEER.

A STUDENT GOSPEL ITEAM STARTING OUT FROM KAREN AND BURMESE

Student Evangelists In Burma By the REV. H. 1. MARSHALL, Insein, Rangoon Missionary of the American Baptist Missionary Society H ONK! HONK! sounds the horn of the big ciation-"Climbing Jacob's Ladder" or "Lord, motor bus as it stands outside the door of Make Me More Humble." the dormitory of the Karen Seminary at Insein, not far from Rangoon. The driver is im- The last fellow comes running out with his patient for he has been waiting half an hour. cornet under his arm and, as he tucks his last With utter disregard of time he has come half an book into his bag, makes a flying leap at the back hour earlier than the time appointed. The boys, step of the bus as it starts down the hill. The coming from the dining hall, have run up to their sound of the songs die out in the distance and anrooms to get their Karen bags in which there is a other student campaign has started on its way. blanket, a Bible and a few song books. Others rush up with brass band instruments and a big A week or more ago a call came from some bass drum. This must be tied on the back of the rather discouraged pastor of a Karen village bus because there is no room inside. church, asking that a group of students come out and help him stir up the spiritual life in his vil- This is not a theatrical company starting off for lage. The group of Christian students was sea tour in the country, but an evangelistic band of lected and has met to pray that God would theologs and one or two teachers. They climb into cleanse their hearts and prepare them to become the bus, the bags are put under the seats and the channels of blessing to those to whom they go. crowd which gathers to see them off starts to sing They also pray that the Spirit of God will prepare a chorus: "Our Motto Is Service," "Living for the hearts of those to whom they are going, and Jesus," or "Dear Old Pals," or they may begin that they, as a group, may be welded into a spiritone of their favorite Negro spirituals, which the ual unity, with power from on high. Karen boys delight to sing with so much appre- When the bus has traveled some distance they enjoy another devotional quiet time, disturbed [213J

only by the throbbing of the engine. By the time all squat on the floor. Surrounding villages and the appointed village is reached the group has their opportunities are discussed, also the needs been welded together by song and happy pleas- of the school children. The work is divided among antry and prayer. They have become jolly pals the various members of the team: the school and are ready to stand by each other under all where they will conduct song services, teach Bible circumstances. They announce their arrival by a classes, play games and tell stories to the little song or a tune on a horn and the village children tots. Others in apostolic fashion, two by two, will come running out to gaze on the new arrivals with visit the houses of the non-Christians, or of back- all the ecstasy that the American small boy greets sliders. After the plans for the morrow have the arrival of the circus. been completed each member rolls up in his The Church elders come and lead the way to blanket and soon all are off to "the land of nod." the house which is to be the headquarters of the The next day after morning rice each member campaigners for the next two or three days. All living together in one house helps to keep the of the team retires to his corner with his Bible unity of the group and to maintain the high spir- preparing for his assigned work. Then the visiitual level at which the leaders, whether mission- tors go out and begin their round of calls at the ary or Karen, always aim to keep the team. homes. Everything is characterized by personal witnessing. "Preaching" is not allowed. Recent- That evening lights are taken to the village ly one young man, with his two companions, came chapel, or are hung on bamboos in the open place to a house where an old man was puttering between the houses, and mats are spread on the around on his back veranda. The student asked ground. Only those who have to remain at home the privilege of coming up and talking to him to watch for fear of thieves stay away from this about Jesus.

meeting. The band arrives and begins to tune The old man replied gruffly that he did not care up. The children draw in closer and closer. After anything about Jesus. The student replied, "Will the leaders have had a few moments of prayer, you allow us to come and talk about ourselves?"

the whole team comes and opens the exercises The old man had no objection, so the young men with a song. Good feeling and jolly fellowship went up and squatted beside him. After a few abound for they feel that Christ has made life words of general conversation the leader began full of joy and has given them freedom from the telling of his early childish pranks, then of how terrifying fears of heathenism. he came to have a more serious view of life as he The songs and stunts that follow are side- learned its meaning through Christ. splitting and the people enjoy it. Laughter makes The old man had dropped his work and was impossible any active opposition on the part of listening intently. Then he said: "Come into the those who dislike Christian preachers, or of house and sit down," and with true oriental hos- Buddhists who come expecting to hear their re- pitality spread a mat for them to sit on. The ligion maligned. Even opponents find themselves other two students each told his experience and enjoying the evening so much that when one of answered a number of questions. They so won the students is introduced as having something the old man's confidence that he was glad to join to tell about himself that they eagerly listen to with them in a prayer to God for help and guid- his Christian testimony. ance.

One Christian student tells what a disobedient Only two or three houses may be visited in a and foolish young man he once was, and then how morning, but in almost every case the visit is a new spirit and new life came into his heart and long enough for the students to tell their experi- he became a Christian with changed ideals and a ence and explain it and to "pray through" with new joy and outlook on life. All are interested some member of the household who shows a real from beginning to end and hardly realize that this interest. Many decisions for Christ have been is the religion that they had looked upon as some won in this way.

new foreign foolishness. Other members of the team go to the village After the concert the village teacher, or pastor, school where they teach Gospel choruses to the and one or two elders are invited to come to the children, or action songs that are greatly enjoyed.

guest house and unite in prayer. Tomorrow is Then follow Bible lessons fitted to the children of another day with exacting duties and privileges. the different ages. At intervals all go out in the They pray "to be led to make out the best pro- open for a group game and some of the village gram," "to use men to the best advantage and to grown ups may be inveigled into limbering up win the largest number of those who have not and playing volley ball or "three-deep." The found the abundant Life." A regular "round morning ends with more songs and rousing testi- table" is held even though there is no table and monies by two team members.

STUDENT EVANGELISTS IN BURMA

The afternoon follows much the same routine is difficult to give each one the needed personal and after the last service the members of the Gos- help. They are told the importance of "food, air pel team transform themselves into a football and exercise" (Bible reading, prayer and service).

team and playa game with the village boys. The The village teachers are given the names of those people of Burma are taking to football (soccer) who responded and the church, if there is one in all over the country and such a game is sure to the village, is urged to follow up the work.

bring out a crowd. This serves as good publicity Next morning amid the villagers' hearty shout to advertise the meeting in the evening. The of "Return Happily," the team starts back with good fellowship of the team and their fair play songs of rejoicing and thanksgiving. In the bus makes a favorable impression. they may hold a "round table" in which each The evening program is not like an ordinary member tells what this excursion has meant to evangelistic service for a crowd of Burmese and him. Wonderful testimonies reveal the effect on Karen villagers does not look much like an Ameri- their own lives. Their dull routine of classwork can church audience. Non-Christians do not get has taken on a new meaning. They have found much out of an ordinary sermon. How many such have been wasted on the desert air! The first point is to win their attention, then their interest and then to instruct them. The band opens the meeting and is a never failing drawing- card. Next comes a concert, which perhaps more resembles a variety entertainment. There are songs, comic and serious, various stunts to pro- voke the opposition-killing laughter, and a simple Bible drama. When the people feel happy they are much more receptive to the joyful Gospel mes- sage than when they are oppressed by the fear of the law.

When the concert is over and the last lingerers have gone home, some boys are still seen holding quiet talks with those whom they met in their house to house visits. Finally, no matter how late the hour, the team enjoys a devotional hour be- fore retiring. Experiences are exchanged, plans for the morrow talked over and prayed over and then the silent figures are seen wrapped up in their blankets on the floor. Some empty spaces show that a few are seeking to get still closer to the great Source of Power. They quietly steal off to a quiet spot and there pour out their souls to God in prayer that certain ones may not fail to A GOSPEL TEAM READY FOR A FOOTBALL GAME. (MR. DYER IS THIRD FROM THE RIGHT) make a decision for Christ on the morrow.

Sunday services may be dispensed with and the weak spots in their armour which they resolve to day spent in personal work. Everything points repair while there is yet time. A new vision of toward definite decisions and at the close of the Christ has been experienced and some have a new forenoon testimony meeting for the older chil- realization of what service really means. They dren, an invitation is given. In the evening there have experienced the joy of the reaper. After is another concert with its usual good fellowship such an experience nothing short of life-changing in which each item is given with a purpose. will satisfy one for a life work. While one member of the team, or one group is on the platform, the others sit with bowed heads, The church visited has also taken on new life. praying that the word spoken or sung may carry The pastor has seen over the edges of the high a message to some one in the audience. ruts into which he had fallen. The elders have had a vision of their duties and the Christians As the final invitation is given the members have found a new joy in their worship. Most of of the team scatter among the listeners, giving a all, the theological seminary is no longer a place quiet word of exhortation here and there. Usually for dry theorizing and dead orthodoxy, but it is a the effort is not without its reward and some- place where there is a pulsating, abundant life times the number who respond is so great that it that must be shared with those who have it not.

Our Missionary Hymns

Revision?

By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D., ..:( Princeton, New Jersey Editor of the Moslem World; Author of "Across the World of Islam," etc.

t – "FROM- GREENLAND'S ICY MOUNTAINsn T HERE are diversities of gifts but the same canon of St. Asaph in 1817 and soon after was ap- spirit. Some missionaries have been pio- pointed Bishop to Calcutta, as successor to the neer explorers, others bold apostles or flam- first Bishop, Dr. Middleton. Bishop Heber is ing evangelists; some have exercised gifts of heal- described as a brilliant scholar, a true poet, a ing, others of administration; some have been devoted parish clergyman, a fascinating persondistinguished scholars and linguists or translators ality, loved and admired by all who knew him. of the Scriptures. Reginald Heber (1783-1826) The Earl of Shaftsbury spoke in highest terms of became immortal through his missionary hymns, his character, saying: "No man ever equalled written both before and after he went out as Bishop Heber. His talents were of the most exthe second Anglican Bishop of Calcutta. Among quisite character. If he were not a Socrates, able his fifty-seven hymns, five are well-known in the to knock down by force of reasoning the most churches today: "Hosanna to the Living God"; stubborn opposers, he was like Orpheus, who led "Brightest and Best of the Sons of the Morning" ; even stones and trees by the enchantment of his "Holy, Holy, Holy"; "The Son of God goes Forth music." Bishop Heber was a warm supporter of to War"; and "From Greenland's Icy Mountains." the missionary societies of the Church of England Dr. Eugene Stock characterized the last of those and of the Bible Society. He made earnest efforts mentioned as the greatest of all missionary to unite the Church Missionary Society and the hymns. It has been very widely used and has Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, saying, been translated into the leading languages of "Why should there be two societies for the same Europe and of many on the mission fields. Is the precise object?" He actually formulated a plan of hymn, as some say, "too old-fashioned and con- union. ventional for present-day use"? One meets with strong prejudice against certain of its expres- Bishop Middleton had declined to license the sions, but closer study will reveal new elements of missionaries in Bengal or to ordain natives, alpower and beauty. though he learned to value their services, but Bishop Heber's policy was quite different. He Reginald Heber was born at Malpas, Chester, avoided friction with the civil authorities, made England, and at an early age began to write friends with the Baptist and Congregationalist poetry. At Oxford he produced a prize poem en- missionaries, and put the work of evangelization titled "Palestine." Later he traveled in Northern at the front. He sought to build up educational Europe and became rector of Hodnet in 1807. In institutions and to increase the number of mission 1815 he delivered the Bampton lectures, was made stations. But his excessive labors in a trying cli- [216] mate were brought to a sudden termination by In the revival of 1858 several converted sailors death from apoplexy at Trichinopoly on April 3, were on board the "North Carolina," a frigate of 1826, at the early age of forty. the U. S. Navy. When they compared nationalities Four years before his consecration as Bishop it was found that ten countries were represented.

he wrote his great missionary hymn under cir- One man said that he came from Greenland, cumstances that are most interesting. whereupon they spontaneously and heartily sang Dean Howson, in the Art Journal for June, the international stanzas of this old hymn.

1873, relates that Mr. Heber, then rector of Hod- When Dr. Alexander Duff returned from Cal- net, was visiting Dean Shirley, dean of 'St. Asaph cutta on his first furlough and thrilled large audi- and vicar of Wrexham, his father-in-law, just be- ences with his appeals for India, he closed a pow- fore Whit-Sunday, 1819. A royal letter had been erful address given before the Church Missionary issued, calling for missionary offerings in aid of Society with these words: the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, on "Oh, that the blessed era were greatly hastened! that particular day. Mr. Heber had gone to hear Oh, that the vision of that mitred minstrel who the dean preach and to take his share of the erewhile sung so sweetly of 'Greenland's icy Sunday evening lectures just established in that mountains' and 'India's coral strand' were speedchurch. On the Saturday previous, he was asked ily realized! that glorious vision wherein, rapt to prepare some verses to be sung at the close of into future times, he beheld the stream of Gospel the morning service. Sitting at the window of the blessings rise, and gush, and roll onward till it old vicarage, in a short time he produced this hymn-except the lines, "Waft, waft, ye winds, embraced every land and circled every shore- His story," which he wrote later. Only one change was made in the copy-"heathen" being put in- Till like a sea of glory, stead of "savage" nations. This was the first of It spread from pole to pole. modern missionary hymns that speaks imperatively to the conscience and at the same time with "Even so, Lord Jesus! come quickly: even so. persuasion and tenderness. It came as a trum- Amen." pet-call to duty. And then we are told that Duff sat down amid Not until 1823, when the hymn came to Ameri- a tempest of applause. can notice, did it receive the appropriate tune by Dr. Lowell Mason, now so familiar. The story of Does the hymn still appeal today? Or does it its composition reads like romance. need revision? Noone disputes that its language is chaste, its structure logical (once we grant the A lady residing in Savannah, Georgia, had in premises) and that it conforms in its imagery and some way become possessed of a copy of the rhythm to the laws of good hymnody. words, sent to this country from England. She was arrested by the beauty of the poetry and its The fact is that this hymn offers a concise possibilities as a hymn. But the meter of 7s, 6s, summary of the modern missionary enterprise as D., was almost new in this period; there was no conceived by the men who laid its foundations. tune which would fit the measure. She had been The first stanza proclaims the universality of the told of a young clerk in a bank, Lowell Mason by task; the second its necessity,. the third its name, just a few doors away down the street. It urgency,. the fourth its certainty of accomplishwas said that he had the gift for making beautiful ment. One could scarcely crowd an argument for songs. She sent her son to this genius in music, the basis, the aim, the motive and the goal of and in a half-hour's time he returned with this missions into smaller compass than we have in composition. Like the hymn it voices, it was done these four verses of eight lines each. at a stroke, but it will last through the years. An article recently appeared in the Christian An interesting passage in Heber's "Journal of Century deprecating "the slump in foreign misa Voyage to India" refers to the "spicy breezes" sions," and the writer gave reasons for decrease in that can be detected under certain circumstances, gifts and candidates. His diagnosis was masterly. thirty or forty miles from Ceylon. He said the churches today have lost the sense of Christ's supremacy and the unique character of His message. He is looked upon by many as only one among many saviours. Men have lost the sense of urgency; no longer do men worry to save Whatever may be true of odors wafted by lost souls or to evangelize the world in one gener- breezes from Ceylon seaward, there is no doubt ation. They have lost the sense of Christ's suffi- that the odor of the sweet ointment of this mis- ciency; there is no longer the calm assurance that sionary hymn poured out for Christ has been He alone can meet all of humanity's needs and wafted as a witness to all the world for over a aspirations.

century. It has been an inspiration to missionary If this be true of some of our churches and some gatherings held in many tongues. of our pulpits, then Bishop Heber's hymn comes

as a challenge. Chains of error still bind men and "Perhaps one of the most illuminating ways to women and little children in Africa and India. Lady Simons' recent book on "Slavery" and Kath- study idolatry sympathetically and scientifically is erine Mayo's "Volume Two" on child-marriage in India, make one ashamed of humanity. Along to watch what is done with a broken idol. The many an ancient river and in many a palmy plain superficial observer or the globe-trotter often THE RIGHT REV. REGINALD HEBER. D. D.. BISHOP OF CALCUTTA says: 'The Indians only think of their idols as there are still seen the horrors of heathenism and photographs of the divine, and they mean to them there are those who call us to deliver them from age-long error and darkness. exactly what the Sistine Madonna does to us.' If such an one really desires to learn whether an It was not the intention of Bishop Heber to assert that the inhabitants of Ceylon were sinners idol be only a photograph, let him watch what is vile above other men, but to point out, by one example of conditions in his day, the need for a done if a linga be broken. We have seen that it Saviour from sin in all its terrible forms in all the world and the tragedy of spiritual blindness cannot be repaired or mended, but must be rein the worship of the creature rather than the moved, and no man, Brahman, mason, or low- Creator-whether on the Gold-coast of Chicago or of West Africa- caste, dare enter into the inner shrine and lay Bows down to wood and stone. hands on a broken linga. "

There is no more sympathetic and truthful de- "When finally a sacred bull, by means of a gold scription of Hinduism extant than "The Rites of the Twice-born" by Mrs. J. St. Clair Stevenson or silver wire, has drawn the broken idol out (1920). It gives the detailed life-story of a Brahman from birth and babyhood to death and of the temple, it can be touched; so then the the funeral pyre. In the chapter on temple worship she writes: Brahmans take it, pack it up most carefully with sweets or sugar, and some high-caste gentleman, carrying it in his hand, drives or goes by rail to the sea. There he goes out in a boat and drops the parcel containing the linga into deep water."

Mrs. Stevenson alludes to the resulting Sakti- worship. "So widely spread is this sect that no book on modern Brahmanism would be complete which did not refer to it. For the sake of truth it may even be the terrible and austere duty of some one to investigate it but the present writer confesses herself unable to sully either her pages or her memory with further details."

"Can we whose souls are lighted with wisdom from on high" continue to discus-s the spiritual values of higher Hinduism and deny to the masses of India the lamp of life? If we no longer feel the urgency of our message it is because we have lost the overwhelming sense of its necessity. He who knows what salvation is for himself must share the good news.

Salvation! 0 Salvation! The joyful sound proclaim Till earth's remotest nation Has learned Messiah's name.

There is no substitute for the missionary pas- sion. To revive the spirit of evangelism, to restore the note of immediacy, to convince the world that we have a message sufficient for all men, every- where and always, we must go back to the Gospel as proclaimed by the apostles: "Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures and rose again."

Waft, waft, ye winds, His story, And you, ye waters, roll, Till like a sea of glory It spreads from pole to pole.

This missionary hymn does not need revlsIOn. It needs reiteration and revival. Mrica and India and we ourselves still need the old Gospel.

Untouchables by Whom

Touch India* By REV. WARREN H. WILSON, D. D., New York Secretary of the International Association of Agricultural )::.. Missions and a Member of the Mass Movement Survey Commission for India I T may be well to state what the mass-move- mands put a severe strain upon the missionaries ment in India is. From about 1880 to 1900 and tested the resources of the missions, which many converts came to the missions in India had not the facilities nor the experience needed from the outcaste or depressed classes. These to train so many illiterate and degraded people.

are of castes below the estima- It was not an attractive.task, tion of Hindus, but within the yet the missionaries have gone Hindu religion, who inherit at In India a population nearly about it bravely, and I am told birth the doing of menial and one-half the population of the t hat three-fourths of the degrading tasks in the villages United States is considered Christians in India are drawn of India. They are untoucha- "untouchable" by the various from this level of Indian socible; and in South India they castes. They are condemned ety.

are unapproachable. S 0 m e by birth to poverty and the The Survey Commission, en- come from aboriginal tribes most menial tasks. The Hin- gaged in the work of prepar- whom the Hindus and Moham- du religion and social system ing information that will be medans have oppressed. They offers them no escape except made available to all missions, sought Christian baptism, in t'hrough death. Christianity visited about two hundred vil- many cases confessedly, be- alone has offered them life lages in selected sample areas.

cause of its justice to the op- and hope. Multitudes have We interviewed about 11500 pressed, and for social and eco- sought this way out. What heads of families, making rec- nomic advantage. ,has been the result? What ords of their economic, social, They were not sought out by are the failures and the suc- educational arid religious expe- the missionaries in any way cesses recorded in Christian riences. There are said to be commensurate to the numbers missions? Dr. Wilson, who forty to sixty millions of these converted. They came of them- has recently returned from depressed classes in India.

selves. Many missionaries are inspecting many of these out- They usually live, at least in still in doubt as to their real caste communities, reports North India, on the hottest'- conversion and are still slow vividly what he has seen and and least desirable margin of to expect anything good from what he considers the next the village, outside the wall, in such wholesale "conversion." steps for their elevation and mud-houses, possess a few bul- The untouchables not only con- christianization. locks or buffaloes, some chick- fessed that they sought mate- ens, pigs and a few tools.

rial and social benefits, but Some of them pOssess a little they also demanded that the missionaries baptize land. All are forth-putting in business and are all the members of their families and all the fam- beginning to accumulate rupees. But their status ilies of their status in their villages. These de- is little changed, so far as we could observe, by reason of their conversion to Christianity. They • An address at the Twelfth Anniversary of the Association of Agri- still have the cleaning of the sewage refuse from the houses, sweeping the streets, carrying mescultural Missions. The Mass-Movement Survey. to assist in which sages and doing other menial services at birth and death, which are accounted unclean. Dr. Wilson was called to India. was one of three systematic studies On the other hand, these outcastes are secure made last year. The report is being prepared by Dr. J. W. Pickett. against hunger. They are paid in clothing and the director of the survey. It will be published by the National Chris- tian Council of India. The Institute of Social and Religious Research . has had much to do with all these studies which are an expression of the critical and intellectual spirit which desires to know the truth and to act upon experience. W. H. W.

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food, and within their social degradation they are The mission colleges are a problem by them- protected by Indian society, as others are pro- selves and their stateis to be found described in the tected who perform an office and fulfill their part. report of the Commission on Higher Education.

Their families are usually small; and in spite of Dr. Lindsay's statement confirms my observation all that has been said in some recent books, few that the colleges are doing nothing extensive for children are born to them. They have found some the untouchables who make up so vast a majority way of adjustment to the over-population of the of the Indian Christians. Medical service shows land that would surprise some. Their families are up better; though here also the larger hospitals just large enough to continue the stock without are used for the most part by the better educated increasing the "pressure on the land." classes, and by the wealthy whose fees and contri- I was surprised at finding these people neither butions help to support them. Agricultural mis- brutalized nor miserable. Their features are like sions come nearer to the depressed classes. The our own. Poor as they are, they show in their larger stations, like that at Allahabad under Dr.

faces none of the bleak and sodden hopelessness Sam Higginbottom, are so costly and thorough in of the British and American paupers. Bitterness their operation that they render a service to the we did not encounter, nor beggary in the villages. wealthy landowners that the poor ryot might These Christians, the first such converts in India, envy; yet they too are helping the poorer farmers.

ask no rice. They feed and clothe themselves; The smaller units in agriculture, such as Slater's and in the better missions they even support their poultry-and-goat enterprise at Etah, and Go- pastors. In a few places they contribute to the heen's farm at Sangli, come nearer to the common support of their village teachers and even to the people. As in medical service the great hospitals salaries of their administrators. Their women justify the existence of the smaller dispensaries, are subordinated; but working in the fields as so in agriculture the larger units teach and digni- they do, and freely going about the mohallas in fy the small. It is different in the case of the col- which are their houses, they exhibit a wholesome leges, which have become isolated from the' mis- and comely vigor. I never witnessed an immod- sionary enterprise.

est act of a woman while I was in India. There remains for the depressed classes only It may be well to mention what the churches the pastorate, with its attendant parochial school. India needs manses and school houses for the are doing in discipline and enrichment of the lives training of the villagers who have come in so of these unwanted Christians. There is one great numbers into the churches. Some missions broad distinction between the American and have not learned this distinction and most of those European missions. The Americans excel in in- which have not so learned are American missions. stitutions, the Europeans in pastorates. The for- The reason is that one I have given, that the mer like something big, whether it is a motor- Americans do not value the pastorate as the Euromechanic-school or a hospital, and theirs it is to peans do. The local parish is an European inhersupply colleges-except in the biggest cities where itance that has been derived from established the colleges are Scotch. The Europeans believe in churches. The governments of Europe generally the resident minister and teacher; they count not established parsons in villages and open country themselves to have arrived until there is a pastor places as representatives of government, and the living in the village, with a catechist near at Free churches that have derived their forms from hand, bringing to the problem the reinforcement that establishment carryon the same tradition. of personal influence to complete that of the The result seems to be that our American religispoken word. The root of this difference may be ous groups have, as a rule, a poorer record in servin the greater satisfaction the Europeans seem to ing the poor, and the Europeans do better in this have in the worship of God; and the greater be- respect. The only agency we discovered in India lief on the part of Americans in something utili- doing satisfactory work for the untouchables was tarian. European missions usually organize a village resident pastorate, reinforced by a their work about a church, and the American teacher who was also a village resident. about a station composed of school, dispensary, mission bungalows and church. The Europeans go to the village as the goal; Americans progress The Bishop of Dornakal, an Indian of the An- as far as a mission-station and send their or- glican Church, claims that in his diocese there are dained Indian ministers into the villages, to re- a thousand villages in which there is worship of turn home at night to the compound. There are God every night. What we saw supports the exceptions-notably the American United Pres- statement. The London Congregationalists in byterians who are promoting village pastorates; Travancore maintain resident village pastors and but this statement covers the work which I saw teachers, supported by their people in the village in traveling 22,000 miles in India. in which they live. This mission will not ordain

THE UNTOUCHABLES BY WHOM WE TOUCH INDIA

any minister until he has a village church that will be financially supported by the government."

support him. Meantime, although the British Government has The best example of this type of work we en- been wisely attentive to the needs of the people countered was at Govindpur in the Ranchi Dis- on the land, it has made efforts to develop such in- trict, where an Aboriginal Tribe, persecuted and dustries, and in these efforts has almost impover- exploited for centuries by Hindus, has been evan- ished the village artisan. Yet the Indian work- gelized, in the first instance by German Lutherans. man prefers his village and his bench, and his Their converts still wear the scanty garb without work in steel or leather, silver or gold, alongside hats, without shoes, and except on Sundays, the the village bazaar, rather than to live in a city men and most of the women wear no garments and to work in a factory. So far as artisans sur- above the waist. They support their pastors and vive in the Indian villages, they represent the cre- help to sustain village catechists as well as their ative artistic passion, which in India is as old as president and secretary. For it is an autonomous civilization, in a fight against the industrial ten- church. dencies of Great Britain and in competition with "The Pressure on the Land" the westernized mind of educated India.

The one fact which explains most completely The one impression therefore that I bring you the situation in India is called "the pressure of from India is of the vast agricultural people, not the people on the land." India is an area of moun- in our sense reluctantly tilling the soil until they tain, desert and fertile river valley about the size can get a white collar job or a wage in some city, of Europe without Russia, or about the size of our but contentedly and passively preferring the vil- Mississippi Valley with New England added. It lage in the face of all westernizing influences and is populated by two and one-half times as many every seeming advantage. Most visitors to India people as live in the United States and in sixty do not realize that it is an agricultural country, years the population has increased by 45.6%. and few are confronted with the agrarian passion These people are rural, dwelling in over 500,000 of the people. This is my testimony, living as I villages-nobody knows how many-some of them did in the villages of India, that their appetite for going to the few great cities for a job, but most the soil and for their labor in the fields is a pasof them coming home to live in the village. The sion for which we have no language in our West- Indian is not persuaded of the advantages of city ern vocabulary of emotion. We have assumed that life. He loves the village and the little town. I all kinds of people desire to be industrialized. Inam told that two-thirds of the population of Cal- dia is a denial of this assumption, and until our cutta and Bombay are transients and only five social wisdom is better, and our social vocabulary and one-half per cent of the whole population of is larger, we will not be able to express to our- India is industrialized. The powerful influence selves the agricultural appetite of the 351 million and example of Great Britain has made America people of India.

an industrial nation willing to see her farms aban- Now the people of India have their methods of doned and helpless at the sight of agriculture im- rationing this population. The first of these poverished. But England's example has not methods is caste. We have heard of caste on other changed the agricultural preference of India. In occasions. It is abhorrent to our Western minds. spite of tariffs and tax adjustments, made during Let me present caste as a method of living on the 100 years by the British Government in the inter- land and a method of rationing dwellers on the est of the factories of England and later in the in- land. Caste is the organization of society by terest of the factories of Bombay, Ahmedabad, which they all get food. Let no American or and Calcutta, the peasant of India works for European scorn these methods of organization wages reluctantly and soon returns to his village until he has pondered the fact that there is no and his home. He prefers to drive his ox rather breadline in India, though there are bad times there. There is no poorhouse, no almshouse, no than be driven by a foreman. soup kitchen, except when famine comes, and no Strange to say, even the efforts of government general method of treatment of the ailing by asy- lums. But the poor and the hungry live the family cannot establish many industries in India. Mr. life and live it at home, and they do not starve, Garratt in "An Indian Commentary" tells the story of the Tatanagar Works at Jamshedpur which were located at a point favorable for the se- except in times of general catastrophes or calamicuring of raw materials. They have the vast labor ties.

supplies of India at their disposal. The govern- The second method is the joint-family system ment has favored them in tariffs and bounties and by which when a man, who goes to the city for a by the purchase of their product. But after job, is out of a job, he can come home and live with twenty years the Tatanagar Works "still needs to his family; and that family is organized after a

manner of which we are incapable. Grandparents, traders, brokers and speculators, by any system of and parents, and children live together. The sons' direct exchange, we could make it possible for our wives are under the dominion of the grandmother land to support a much greater population with- and the children hardly know which is their own out the scandal of unemployment.

mother among the parents of the household, eat- Debt and the Poor Man ing as they do of the rice that is cooked on the Moreover the debt situation in India which is one fire and living on the one estate. All I have to so generally deplored should, I believe, be looked say about that system is that it works. at from the poor man's point of view. The In- The third method of life in India that helps the dian peasant who borrows must not be regarded as a sheer fool. The money lenders are not the people to have their food is the village system by which caste and the joint-family are permitted to only cunning men in India. The peasant who bor- rows has often no intention of repaying until he organize the vast multitudes of India in their re- is compelled. He is the only man in India who lation to the soil with mutual production. Not gets prompt service under the inflexible and rigid in any spirit of benevolence, but by tradition, the people live together in these villages. They are described as "a human organization whose pur- credit system of that country. His wants are atpose is the exploitation of the soil, with a view to tended to. He gets money when he needs it. He pays it back when he is compelled. It is true that ensuring a livelihood for the community." since the Indian peasant is a bad risk he pays a A System Akin to Slavery high rate of interest. The principal comes back I found in India also certain modifications of to the lender in the form of excessive interest.

the economic liberty of the individual which were But it seems to me that we should look upon it abhorrent to missionaries and officials. They seem from the point of view of the Indian peasant, and to be, and they are, forms like unto slavery. I not of the American economist or reformer.

mention them only because they seem to be meth- Mr. Gandhi has said that "when you think of ods by which the population is rationed. The the poor you should think with a poor man's "Kamia System" prevails in parts of India. Un- mind." I have attempted therefore to mention der this system a man can sell himself to a credi- those methods of Indian village life which seem tor who loans him even a small amount of money, to me to be adjustments to the pressure of the and the debt may be continued even into his son's people on the land. They have a certain use, at life in the next generation, while the debtor is put least in rationing the population and distributing in a servile relation to the creditor. The courts to each one those essentials of life which are need- have been unable to extinguish this system of ed by us all, namely, food, shelter, and clothing.

near-slavery. I mention it only because its pur- Having these the Indian peasant is all too content.

pose is to secure bread and shelter; since it works It is a cause of grief to the European observer and continues, it should first be inspected before that he does not seem to desire to increase his the attempt is made to abolish it. standard of living.

In the Ganges Valley we found the "Jajmani This system was of interest to me because of System" by which certain families of outcastes, or its efficiency in distribution of the products of the untouchables, were subjected to other families soil among a vast and steadily increasing popula- more respectable and elevated. But by this sys- tion, upon a soil that can be increased only within tem these untouchable families are fed, housed narrow limits.

and clothed. For all its subordination and its like- The Government of India is a government that ness to serfdom, it is a social relation that has a considers the poor. Being ourselves a young coun- money value, and the untouchable family can sell try we in America have not risen to that height.

fora price the right to serve their superiors. Fur- Our government considers the well-to-do, or at thermore, we discovered that those untouchable least the upper middle class. Its economic doc- and depressed outclassed households were by this trine is the preservation of prosperity. Not so method protected against want and hunger. the Government of India. Machinery has been Throughout India we also found that the people perfected by that government, through a century of the villages are protected against the encroach- and a half of experimentation, to a perfection that ments of the trader class by a system of local in this century has practically abolished famine markets. In the Ranchi District these markets and has greatly reduced the death rate by certain are out under the trees near the village, and to diseases. The increase in the population of India them the villagers walk, carrying their products is partly a result of these activities I am about to from one to five miles, trading with one another describe. Briefly speaking, the government's pol- without the intervention of a merchant class. If icy of farm relief is a response to the reports made we in America could eliminate the middleman, by every District Magistrate to his superiors.

THE UNTOUCHABLES BY WHOM WE TOUCH INDIA

When these reports give notice of scarcity in a we do not know about. For years John Goheen section described, the attention of the whole gov- has been the president of his mission at Sangli ernment is turned in that direction. If later the and you never hear of him. The work of E. E.

responsible officer, that is, the collector in that dis- Slater at Etah is mainly bestowed upon the devel- trict, reports want, then a technical ministry of opment of poultry, and now of goats, for the im- the government proceeds to lighten taxation, mak- provement of the diet of the villagers in the Gan- ing a particular kind of loan, alert to prevent what ges Valley. You have probably never heard of may follow. Slater's work, but he also has been for years the If famine follows, the third descent toward hun- president of his mission. Now the Government ger, the Government acts at once; a state of fam- has approved of a grant for an enterprise of his ine is declared, the Government suspends taxes, that will set him forward for five years in his plans releases people from other obligations, issues loans for the physical and economic prosperity of these where necessary, and Jllldertakes to employ and to villages. I could speak at length about these agri- feed the population in the territory described. cultural enterprises which I have seen and of Famine used to be the gaunt spectre of India, ac- which I have heard. The passion for the land companying war and disease. Thus it desolated among the Indian peasantry makes agricultural the land and kept the population down. Now al- missions easy, so that it is no exaggeration to say though by the nature of the country and the im- that the teaching of agriculture in India is better mensity of the population there is famine some- than it is in America.

where every year, the range of it is limited, and India is a land in which prosperity is evident. its effects upon the people are forestalled by a wise It is not the prosperity of lip-stick, silk stockings, Government. India is a land in which not only radios and automobiles that are "put across" by is the instinctive and traditional life of the people high pressure salesmen. India does not welcome organized for living upon the soil, but also where the salesman of that kind, and does not much dethe attention of the Government is mainly direct- sire the uniform product. But the Indian peasant ed toward the same end. is traveling; the trains are crammed with white- clad and white-turbaned figures. The railroad In that spirit the Government has promoted co- stations are the centers of enthusiastic throngs operative organization for rural credit, and for of trippers. Motor lorries are filled to the roof certain other agricultural processes with some with bright and alert villagers going from place success. I am not one to believe that cooperation to place. The people today dress better, I am told; can be promoted by either a government agency they are buying the manufactured products of Inor by a religious agency as well as by the people dia and of Europe in increasing amounts. They themselves. But one must admit that in India the are lighting their houses with kerosene, and their Government and certain of the missions have had cities and towns in an increasing degree with eleca record of success. Agricultural science, both in tricity. The very unrest of India is evidence, to experiment and in teaching, is an agency of the the social philosopher, of minds released from the Government. Vast irrigation projects have been fear of hunger to yearn after greater liberties. used to extend the arable areas, some of which ex- India prefers prosperity, not as an attainment of ceed the magnitude of the Suez Canal, and one social elevation, but as promise of enjoyment in alone will water an area as great as the irrigated feasts, in clothing, in more abundant food and in area of Egypt. Last of all the Government has travel. The Indians are the original "ultimate attempted by industrialization to elevate the consumers" and their prosperity is evidenced, not standard of living of the people of India.

Some Agricultural Missions in building bigger factories, but in using the goods. The Indian does not attempt to reach a Now I went to India intending to spend my higher level of economic expenditure when money comes to him, but he attempts to enjoy his money spare time in the study of agricultural missions, at once in feasts, garments and in the showy enand found that the great work of Sam Higginbot- joyable experiences of a glad consumer. tom has been more successful than even Sam himself has reported. His enterprise at Allahabad ought to be pictured and celebrated by a more elo- But this prosperity lifts the lid of the kettle quent pen. His success in building soil and creat- of fears and fills the house with the steam of as- ing orchards, and his attainment in teaching agri- piration. To change the figure a little, it opens culture, are far beyond anything we have real- the throttle of the boiler and permits the steam ized. An Englishman, well informed, once said to power to go out to the engineering of all human me that Sam Higginbottom is the greatest mis- dreams. India has always been a land of abstrac- sionary in India. But I was even more interested tions and aspirations, expressed in schemes and in other agricultural projects of a modest sort that idealized performance. Now with just enough

prosperity, widely distributed among the poor, the But the amazing thing I found in our mission people of India want what they never wanted be- work is that, in spite of the great number of fore. women missionaries, nothing adequate is done for The first thing they want is justice, equality. the Indian woman as a woman, a wife, a mother No, it is not the first. What the people want first and a citizen. In a few places obstetrical work is of all is land. One is saluted by beggars, not in being done for her in the experience of child- the villages, but in the seaports and at the rail- birth. There is medical work by women for road stations. In villages they did not ask for women which cannot be too highly praised.

money or for bread, but they did many times ask Zenana mission work is organized in sections for land. That is the first aspiration of India. where purdah confines the woman to the house.

Indeed land is the first pledge to justice and equal- But the women of India are not adequately ap- ity. But the lawyers of India and the pedagogues proached as such by the women of America.

are the two largest educated groups. They want Christianity has done much for women in Amer- justice. They have read about European systems ica. The Gospel has been laid hold of by our that match the dreams of the Indian philosopher American women in the past fifty years and be- with reality. They have a hunger for equality cause of its teachings great organizations have which the peasants express in saying "give us been formed in our American churches, the most land." The townsmen and the lawyers, and the powerful, the most administrative and the most college professor express it in saying, "give us enjoyable, by which women do missionary work independence, Dominion status or freedom from at home and abroad. It is a great feminist or- England." ganization, but none of it gets into the experience What India Wants of our missionaries abroad. The first satisfaction of the hunger of India will, I think, be a move- But the desires of India are not expressed by ment by American women to advance the mind her lawyers or her pedagogues. Their education and spirit of Indian women living in the jointis European and therefore their social hunger is family system so that they may become more in- European. What India wants is what a poor man telligent wives, and mothers, and citizens. desires. If I may interpret the hungers of India from their organization to which they have ad- To this end our own education, and the present hered, from their joint-family system, from the system of education in the Indian schools and colclustering in villages from which they have shown leges are equally unfitted. Some harm is done by no departure, from the tenacity with which they mission schools in so influencing the minds of live in the same section after decades of railroad their young women graduates that they never organization, after a century of good roads, and a marry. A sterilizing operation is performed on century and a half of good government, I would their mind that prevents them from having a say that the hunger of India is first of all for a home or children. What we need is an underhome, a habitat for the joint-family, with land as standing of women by women in terms of the life its basis. The Government's effort to supply In- they must live. The source of it will be found dia's need has been, I suppose, the greatest colon- very largely in our poetry and our fiction, in which ial project in human history. But there is right the woman at home in America and in Western here an unsatisfied want of India which the Gov- Europe has been understood-her fortitude, her ernment can never satisfy. The Indian wants a gentleness and her dynamic power through her home, a family life, a habitat for his joint-family husband, her children and her neighbors. The organization by which he is fed, and housed, and mission to the home in India cannot be accomclothed. The satisfaction of his want will be given plished by those who condescend. It requires the him in the training of the women of India. preparation of women, before they go out from Christian lands, in the history and the nature of Everywhere throughout India the woman is the family life, for which few of our universities are chief expression of the hunger of India. Do not now equipped. think that all the Indian women are either brow- beaten or enslaved. They are wholesome looking The Indian also has hunger for beasts; he loves creatures, showing none of the scars of the de- his ox and his buffalo. He is said to worship the plorable degradation one so often hears about. If cow. I cannot endorse the worship of the cow, she is browbeaten or degraded she does not often but I can justify the feelings of the illiterate who, show it. She is in a subordinate· position, but with his ancestor before him for a thousand years, subordination is universal in the Indian social has lived with his hand on the hairy hide of the life. The women are recognized by all writers as bullock or the grotesque head of the buffalo, and a great obstacle to progress, to justice, and to who thinks of them with religious gratitude. We Christianity. must not lightly turn away from their feelings.

THE UNTOUCHABLES BY WHOM WE TOUCH INDIA

But the greatest hunger of India is to be free of Scripture committed to memory, seemed to me from fears. The Indian peasant wants to stand the best attainment in India.

up and look his fellows in the face. This simple n is a strange thing to read the words of this change of posture is the most complicated thing in Hindu lawyer giving high praise to missionaries the world. I have been reading the story of the of the Cross of Christ, and saying that they Mundas and the Uraons, aboriginal tribes with brought to these persecuted Mundas and Uraons whom I spent the months of March and April last manly independence and moral dignity. That year. They have been persecuted, exploited, seems to me to be the highest tribute to be paid robbed and oppressed by Hindu masters. These the Christian religion as to its ability to satisfy parasites have pursued them out of the Ganges the hunger of a great people. These aboriginal Valley and up into the higher mountain lands, into tribes build no colleges, establish no hospitals; the deep jungles, where the Mundas and Uraons they have provided the people only with the have cleared the soil with unbelievable labor and preaching of the Christian Gospel and the minis- have built their homes. One remote place after try of Christian pastors living in the villages.

another has been conquered by their heroic toil The hunger of India calls for very much that we and now the jungles have been cleared and made cannot give, but the one offering we can make is habitable. For centuries they had no protection acceptable to the very heart of India, namely, except to fly at their oppressors and burn their teaching moral dignity to the women in the homes houses, kill their wives and children, supposing and to the men in the villages. This is a by- that by terror they might secure some release. product of Christian teaching. The purpose of The courts and the laws of the British Govern- the Gospel is to bring men to worship God, but ment when Britain became the ruler of India were this by-product in the present need of India is ineffective, according to Mr. Roy, the lawyer who most precious.

has written the story of the Mundas. But he pays For the satisfaction of the Nationalist spirit of tribute to the Christian missionary who brought India, however, we have much to give. An Indian to these persecuted Mundas and Uraons the Word prince in New York recently asked Americans to of God, lived by resident missionaries, and exem- give India agriculture and medical missions. With plified in the lives of German, English and Bel- the growing spirit of national independence India gian Christian ministers. will accept the education we can give, the agricul- This Hindu writer pays a surprising tribute to ture and the medicine. These the churches are "their conversion-and the consequent growth of eager to convey to the peoples of India, and the manly independence among them." He says: "In growing spirit of India will accept those gifts as Mundari and Uraon villages of the Ranchi Dis- gladly as we give them. But my conviction is, trict, the most careless observer can tell the house after this period of service and observation in of a Christian convert of some year's standing India, that the greatest offering we can give is the from that of his non-Christian fellow tribesmen by resident pastor living with the people. I well the greater cleanliness of the Christian's house know that our American missions differ from the and the general neatness and orderliness of every- European in the low esteem we place upon the thing about it." Elsewhere he asserts that Chris- work of the ordained Christian minister. Ameri- tian missions have given, what British laws and cans delight to see a vast hospital with the Cross courts could not furnish, namely, moral dignity to over its door. Europeans are not so sure that re- the oppressed folk. Among the Mundas and ligion can express itself as well in a hospital as in Uraons the Germans have maintained no hospi- a house of worship. Americans delight in a so- tals. Their leaders deplore their lack of a college called Christian college. Europeans probably for the higher education of leaders, being, I sup- have long distrusted the connection between the pose, unaware that the Christian colleges fail to Christian religion and secular education. We are educate the children of villagers. But they have only beginning to feel that distrust. But the Euro- pastors living in villages where their churches pean carries his interest in religion clear through are located, and catechists in the villages in which to its expression in the congregation and the pastheir people live. In this they are like the other tor. They believe in bishops who are also pastors European missions I have mentioned. In this at l.arge. But religion is adequately expressed penetration to the villages with the Gospel, not to an European only in the congregation and only spoken, but lived, by trained and ordained the pastor. All our mission work ought to be men, they exemplify the highest attainment of the reorganized so that the offerings of America Christian Gospel, among an oppressed and ex- should be in· proper balance, and the center of equilibrium must be the pastor living with his ploited people. Their services of worship, elabor- people. And we should send women trained for . ate in ritual, noble in music, and abundant in use teaching the home-dwelling woman in villages. By the REV. J. HARRY COTTON, D. D., Columbus, Ohio Joseph Cook Lecturer on India for 1931·32 M y present visit to India has made increas- gelism. They especially attack the use of hospi- ingly clear to me the fact that Christian- tals and educational services as opportunities to ity can make no peace with Hinduism. win disciples to Jesus Christ. It is possible that No honest visitor can deny the excellent things in there have been breaches of good taste in the Hindu philosophy and practice. :6ut we went to matter of trying to convert sick people. But it is Benares. There we saw the crudity, the filth, the as true that the fundamental reason for all this superstition and the pathos of Indian faith. The opposition to proselytism is the fear that the golden temple, the most sacred temple of Benares, Christians are growing too rapidly in numbers was crowded with visitors coming from the for the comfort of Hinduism. Part of this fear is Ganges where they had bathed .and prepared to political as in the case of the Hindu Mahasahba.

make their offerings. Within the temple was no This organization is pledged to win back to Hin- image of any god, but only the phallic symbol, duism as many of its former adherents as pos- so constantly seen in Indian temples. sible, simply to strengthen the Hindu political A few days later we sat on the steps of a clean, position. Tremendous pressure was brought chaste little temple on the banks of one of the against Christians during this past census to get rivers into which the Ganges breaks up before it them to declare themselves Hindus, whatever pours itself into the Bay of Bengal. We sat, their belief.

watching the river flow by, and talked for two A great center of missionary work that we hours with a monk of the Ramakrishna mission were privileged to visit is Allahabad. It is one on the things of the spirit. I was impressed by of the holiest cities of India, for it is here that his ideals of oneness with God, peace of spirit the Jumna and the Ganges rivers join. If one is and absence of injury. But when I mentioned to believe the Indian traditions, a third river what I had seen in Benares and told of the multi- comes out of the ground and joins the two. Here tudes who were washing there to have their sins at the great feast, or Mela, in January over a removed, he could take no exception. It was their million pilgrims gather each year and bathe in faith, he said, they could find peace through those the mingling of the waters. Here in the midst rites. In a later incarnation they might be born of Hinduism, the Presbyterian mission is conduct- into higher insight. ing a great work. Across the Jumna River from It is this easy-going acquiescence with things the city is the wonderful Agricultural Institute as they are that so thoroughly condemns Hindu- of Dr. Bam Higginbottom. Here the Christian ism. With this attitude the Gospel of Christ, Gospel seeks to bring to India the abundant life.

with its urgent Gospel of redemption, can make Here are experiments in cattle-breeding, with milk no peace. carefully weighed and tested for each separate On the other hand I have been impressed with cow, food weighed and varied in experiment, the the eager reception that students give to the whole thing done most scientifically. Here are Christian message in India. In Lahore I was in- two agricultural schools, one for men of college vited by the principal to speak in the Sanatan standing, doing advanced and scientific work, and Dharma College one noon. The classes were dis- one for young men from the mass movement missed and over 400 students gathered under the areas who, lacking education, are yet permitted trees. Here they sat on the ground or stood and to learn by practice the principle of sound farm- listened for almost an hour to a lecture on Chris- ing.

tian faith. And this is one of the most orthodox If the Indian village can be put on a sounder of Hindu colleges. economic basis and the frightful poverty allevi- It is equally true that many Hindu thinkers and ated, even in a slight way, it will be the first step leaders are today opposing what they call prose- to advance along many lines cultural, sanitary lytism and what the Christian church calls evan- and domestic, as well as religious.

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Christ's Method of

..:( By DR. SAM HIGGINBOTTOM Allahabad. India T o the thoughtful, devout Christian who is the world and preach the Gospel to every creature seeking to know and to do God's will in … cast out demons … and lay hands on the spreading the good news of Salvation sick." (Mark 16 :15-18.) According to Matththrough Jesus Christ, our Lord, there arise ques- ew's record He sent forth His disciples to "teach tionings. The progress of winning the world to all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Christ seems very slow. There is so much ef- Father, and of the Son and the Holy Ghost, teachfort and with so little apparent result. Chris- ing them to observe all things whatsoever I have tians do not question the adequacy of the Lord commanded you." (Matthew 28 :19-20.) Jesus to save to the uttermost all who come to Him in faith. They believe that the power is We are on safe ground, therefore, when we there; why then can we not more completely ex- urge preaching as an important and essential perience that in carrying that saving knowledge method in the spreading of the Gospel. But is to every creature'? preaching alone sufficient'? May we expect the world to come to a saving knowledge of the Lord In all cases of doubt and questionings our re- Jesus through preaching alone? sort is to the Word of God. Let us then, in all reverence, see what light His Word will throw I believe that the Lord Jesus sets forth that on these questions that may help us in our great more than preaching is necessary. The Gospel, task. We assume that those who bear the ves- as revealed by its Author, has three forms of acsels of the Lord are clean, that they have experi- tivity, all of which He used. They are like a enced the new birth, that they are consecrated, rope with three strands-Preaching, Healing, that they purpose to do the will of God as they Teaching. understand it. To PREACH is to proclaim as a herald, to trum- Is the method that we use today to spread the pet, to inspire to action. Gospel the same that our Lord gave us, both by specific command and by example'? Do we put To HEAL means to restore to health, both body the emphasis where He put it'? Do we preserve and mind; to cure disease, both of body and mind; the balance between the different ways of spread- to make whole or healthy; to cast out evil ing the Gospel that He exemplified in His own spirits. ministry? To TEACH means to instruct, to cause to learn. Jesus Christ announced His program for His There is in teaching the idea of repetition, of conown ministry in the synagogue at Nazareth tinuing till the truth be grasped by the learner. (Luke 4 :18-19). "The Spirit of the Lord is upon me because he hath anointed me to preach The Gospels clearly distinguish between the Gospel to the poor; He hath sent me to heal preaching and teaching and healing. We do well the broken hearted, to preach deliverance to the to follow the lead of the Gospels. "Jesus began captives and recovering of sight to the blind, to to preach." (Matt. 4:17.) "Jesus went about set at liberty them that are bruised, to preach all Galilee teaching in their synagogues and the acceptable year of the Lord." preaching the Gospel of the Kingdom, and heal- ing all manner of sickness and all manner of dis- Preaching takes first place in this program; ease among the people." (Matt. 4 :23 and 9 :35.) but not to the exclusion of healing the affiicted and delivering the oppressed. We note that The word preach and its derivatives is used Jesus spent much of his time in preaching. thirty-one times in the Gospels. Christ gave the (Matt. 4:17; Matt. 11:1; Mark 1:38.) command to preach always in conjunction with coordinate commands to heal and to teach. He Jesus himself preached and he appointed and preached, He healed, He taught, as a harmonious sent forth His disciples to preach, and also gave blending. It is unthinkable that He would spend them power to heal the sick, and to cast out de- this time doing the less important-when the mons. (Mark 3 :14-115; Matt. 10 :7, 8.) more important was to be done.

Our Lord's final word to His disciples after His The word ·"teach" and its derivatives is used crucifixion and resurrection was to "go into all forty times in the Gospels.

Our Lord was fully occupied with praying prec- edent to preaching, teaching, healing and attend- [227]

ing weddings, dinners, funerals and other social ample, not only of our Lord, but of the most suc- functions. cessful foreign missionary the Church has ever When Jesus was on earth there were in the known? We have no record that our Lord Jesus synagogue regular religious services for worship ever rescinded or abrogated His commands to daily as well as on the Sabbath, and there was in preach, to heal, to teach what He taught.

addition a day school held in the synagogue. This If this is true, then by what authority do we was where Jesus received His secular education. neglect them? Should we not obey Him fully?

His love for the children was probably fostered In December, 1903, I attended a Christian Stuby contact with them in these schools. dents' Conference at Etawah at which was a num- ber of recent Indian converts. I asked each one Jesus was evidently a good speaker, enunciated privately what it was in Dr. John Mott's mesclearly, did not speak too fast, and properly modulated His voice so that all could hear. sage that has caused him to take another stand. What we call "The Sermon on the Mount," Each one said that Dr. Mott had put the matter as teaching is unsurpassed and unsurpassable; in such a way that they felt it natural to carry unique, as Christ himself is unique. I suppose out their preconceived desire to openly confess that He repeated much of this teaching in the Christ. Some had been secret believers for years synagogues. When He saw the multitudes "as and all had given years to Bible study in mission sheep not having a shepherd He began to teach schools or colleges. During my life in India, I them many things." (Matt. 9 :36 and Mark 6 :34.) nave sought to trace the cause that has led to If the literate Jews in the villages needed to be men's conversion. I have never heard of anyone, taught many things, how much more do the mul- totally ignorant of the Gospel, who has been pertitudes need it in our Indian villages r suaded to accept Jesus Christ as his Lord and Jesus differentiated between preaching and Saviour after hearing it preached once. Con- teaching. He went up into the temple and version has come as the result of study and pon- taught. (Matt. 26:55; John 7:14; 8:2; 18:20; dering.

Mark 8 :31; 9 :31; 12 :35; Luke 19 :47.) "He was I am convinced that Christian schools and colteaching in one of the synagogues on the Sab- leges where non-Christians are taught by spiritbath." (Luke 13 :10.) filled men and women are about the best evan- We see that our Lord by command and exam- gelistic agencies we have. Boys and girls enter ple used preaching, healing, and teaching as es- the mission schools at an impressionable age.

sentials in His Gospel of Salvation. If we com- They watch the lives of their teachers. In the pare our present method with the method of daily Bible study period they can ask questions Jesus have we anything to learn? Should evan- and hear the answers. A careful distinction gelistic workers spend all their time preaching as should be drawn between the ingathering of edu- that term is commonly understood? Should their cated Indians and the ingathering in mass move- training include healing and teaching? Does the ment areas. When the educated men and women emphasiR on preaching to the exclusion of these are converted it means that the Holy Spirit has other two factors lead to the right attitude of persuaded them to accept the Lord Jesus as their mind on the part of the preacher? Does preach- Saviour. They are really born again. In the ing alone tend to develop spiritual pride, self- case of most mass movement converts, baptism righteousness and exclusiveness? Does it lead to does not necessarily mean a true understanding of that ingathering into the Church and the King- its significance or a definite committal to the Lord- dom that we have every right to expect from the ship of Jesus. Usually such converts are dissatis- promises and encouragement and presence of our fied with their position and see a w.ay out through Lord and Saviour among us? Does the preacher baptism. They desire a change but do not un- need these other activities to keep him balanced? derstand what the change involves. They must be The writer of the Acts, which is one of the most taught and built up in faith and character. In vital books of the Bible for us at the present day some missions many years of mass movement in India, says: "The former treatise have I work produces only a small minority of converts made, 0 Theophilus, of all that Jesus began both who are fit for full church membership. I firmly to do and to teach." The last verse of the Acts, believe that the mass movement is of God. The which seems to break right off in the middle of results are unquestionable, but we need to be things, says: "PauL… preaching the King- careful and to analyze the various factors. The dom of God and teachIng those things which con- New Testament lays down the three-fold mission- cern the Lord Jesus Christ, with all confidence, no ary method: preaching, teaching, healing. These man forbidding him." Should we not bring the are coordinate, and we cannot ignore anyone of Acts to a logical conclusion by following the ex- these methods without injury to the cause.

A Christian Missionary to

The Rev. William Mitchell Paden, D. D., of Salt Lake City By the REV. A. J. MONTGOMERY, D. D. ]:..

Board of National Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., Department of Alaska, Indians and Mormons O NE of the great men of the West, a distin- 1912. One of the missionaries present struck a guished missionary to the Mormons, died spark of deep emotion in the hearts of all by re- in Salt Lake City, Utah, September 17, ferring to generous help which Dr. Paden had so 1931, at the ripe age of seventy-seven years. The freely given. As adviser and guide, as friend death of Dr. William M. Paden marks the removal and sympathizer, he is enshrined immortally in of a last link in the chain of distinguished home the hearts of those who knew him.

missionaries of the Roc k y . Many of Dr. Paden's activ- Mountain district. The fame ities led him out into the field and influence of such men as of nation-wide interests. Some the late Bishop Spaulding, Dr. years ago, when the Mormon Thomas C. Iliff, Dr. Wishard hierarchy deemed it advisable and Dr. Martin were not local to make a practical test of the but nation-wide. Such men of strength of the feeling in the the old guard sounded no retreat United States in regardtopolyg- and sought no compromise, but amous marriages, Brigham H.

contended earnestly for the Roberts ran as a candidate for Christian faith amid many dif- representative in Congress. He ficulties. Now the last survivor was openly known as a polyg- of that splendid pioneer group amist, and with Mormon back- has entered into rest. ing was elected. A wave of William M. Paden was en- indignation swept over the na- deared to the missionaries of tion. Protests began to rise the Presbyterian Church and to from coast to coast, and it was those of all the other Protest- evident that the sense of de- ant denominations working in cency of right thinking people Utah. His was a deep and prac- had been outraged. It was Dr.

tical sympathy. He always un- Paden, along with Thomas C.

derstood. He knew their prob- THE REV. WILLIAM M. PADEN, D. D. Iliff and Clarence Thurston lems and the pressure which Brown, who gathered the evi- the Mormon authorities could dence, directed the campaign bring to bear on any particular spot. His mind over the whole nation and organized public was philosophical and analytical, and he could in- sentiment that denied Roberts a seat in Con- terpret the peculiar phenomena to be found in gress. Thus the Mormon hierarchy had its first Utah where Christianity is still a minority reli- experience of the force of the vox populi.

gion. For sixteen years he occupied positions in Later, when Apostle Reed Smoot was elected as his church which demanded close supervision of senator from Utah, again there was a protest the field work, and was brought into intimate con- raised against seating in Congress this high dig- tact with the homes and lives of many missiona- nitary of the Church of the Latter Day Saints.

ries. He was keen and sympathized with their Dr. Paden was called to be the chairman of the burdens in a very practical way and often made Utah Citizens Committee, which framed and it possible for a missionary family to meet a cri- pushed the protest. Though they did not succeed sis, financial or otherwise. in preventing· the seating of Mr. Smoot, neverthe- A memorial service was held for Dr. Paden in less the agitation led to a national disapproval the First Presbyterian Church of Salt Lake City, of the practice of polygamy and caused the presi- where Dr. Paden had been pastor from 1897 to dent of the Mormon Church to abrogate its prac- [229]

tice. After the admission of Utah as a state and Paden rendered was to give an address on Morthe enactment of a federal law against polygamy monism to the young people's classes of the Sunthe approach of Christian missions to Mormonism day school of the University ward of Salt Lake was greatly changed. Dr. Paden's personality en- City. Two classes were consolidated and Dr. Paabled him to bridge the gap between the old and den was given an earnest hearing as he skilfully the new. The technique that was found useful called attention to some of the deficiencies and in the days of Dr. Wishard's pioneering had be- trends of their Mormon religion. come less valuable. New attitudes, new contacts and new approaches were required. Unusual Perhaps the greatest service of this home misqualities of mind and heart are needed to change sionary of the Christian church has been along from methods that have been endeared by use and the lines of cooperative effort. In all Utah and sacrifice to entirely new approaches, yet this in the southern part of Idaho the Mormons prechange was made by Dr. Paden and others. Facts dominate and dominate in every way-politically, have justified the change and evidence is not lack- in business, socially and religiously. Mormonism ing that within "Mormonaria," to use one of Dr. is a clan, with clan thinking, action and move- Paden's whimsical terms, there is now going on a ment. It is impossible to describe adequately the ferment which may in the future be evidenced in solidity of the opposition to the Christian propamost surprising results. ganda. Christianity is a minority religion and for that reason separateness on the part of the No man ever fought the evils of Mormonism various Christian groups would be without exmore effectively than Dr. Paden, and yet he was cuse. A Home Missions Council was organized generally on friendly terms with its leaders. Dr. for Utah and has functioned splendidly. Work- Edward Laird Mills, editor of the Pacific Chris- ers in that state boast that competition has been tian Advocate, in an editorial on Dr. Paden, calls eliminated; allotments of territory have been attention to the fact that on a certain Sunday made and accepted, and an interdenominational morning in the fall of 1916 Hon. Brigham Roberts, Christian workers' conference is held periodically. Dr. Paden and himself sat down together at break- Nowhere can a better cooperative spirit be found fast in Richfield, Utah. No one would ever have among religious bodies. In all this Dr. Paden guessed that two of the men had been opponents wrought valiantly with the purpose of presenting in a bitter struggle. One of the last services Dr. a united and loyal front for Christian advance.

The Po-wer of India's Women By E. MARIE HOLMES Gauhati, Assam, Principal of the Girls' Boarding School, American Bat>tist Mission W OMAN anywhere is baffling, elusive; the Rajput Rani Padmani, Queen-mother of twelve Orient is always secretive, mystical. So an sons, outwitting Allah-ud-din, and effecting her Indian woman is a double conundrum. husband's rescue. Who can read the mind of the woman whose dress screens her face from one's gaze? Who can know There are also the unnamed and unnumbered the heart of one whose customs are curtains of women of Chitore, each dressed in her wedding concealments? For a score of years I have counted gown, and each holding her children by the hand, Indian women among my friends, but today I am as she calmly walks into the flames of Johar-the not so sure, as I was fifteen years ago, that I have even a slight understanding of my Indian sister. death of honor-while her husband goes forth to She so often fails to react as I expect. She is sell his life at a high price, so that when Allahalways surprising me. As I read history I marvel ud-din enters Chitore it is a smouldering city of at the brilliant chapters written by veiled women the dead. who courted seclusion. As I read the signs of the times, I am amazed at the power of soft voices There is Razia Begum, daughter of Altamishspeaking from the folds of concealing draperies. declared by her father to be worth more than a score of sons-sitting on the throne of Delhi by Foremost in any review of Indian women is the the nearly unanimous vote of the nobles.

There is Isa Begum, bestowed upon one of the chief officers of the man who had defeated her

THE POWER OF INDIA'S WOMEN

husband in battle, locking her new master in her the villages married women were not allowed to room, bidding her ladies stab him to death and have hypodermics for Kala-azhar, because this throw him from the window, while she sends word kept them away from the work of the house and to her husband's conqueror: "I am the wife of field too long. When I protested that even wives Yunas. Contrary to law, you gave me to another would die of Kala-azhar if they did not take the man, so I slew him. Come and slay me if you prescribed injections, this girl (herself a young choose." wife who had not been allowed to finish the treat- ments) said, "When one wife dies, it is very easy There is Mahum, beloved wife of Babar, to to get another." This will not continue to be the greet whom the Emperor runs barefoot, bare- case when the women, who have so recently taken headed, six miles out from Agra, coming back to public platforms, extend their mission to the over the dusty road walking alongside the royal village. chair and holding Mahum's hand. The growth of the spirit of nationalism has There is Nurjahan, the bride for whom Jehangir opened a new world for the women of India. They waited fourteen and six years, becoming the are grasping their new opportunities with the old power behind the Mogul thron€. spirit of abandonment and self-sacrifice. This is the human material from which the Spirit of God There is Mumtaj Mahal, the mother of thirteen is calling forth a church of Christ in India. It is of Shah Jahan's children, and the refining influ- from this heritage of loyalty, bravery, constancy ence in his life, the inspiration for the Taj Maha!. and devotion that already the Christian Church in India boasts an honor roll of such women as There is Kisen Kumari, the beautiful virgin Chandra Lila and Pandita Ramabai, Lilevati 'Singh Rajput Princess of the nineteenth century, who to and Lakshmi Goreh. end the civil strife caused by rival chiefs demanding her in marriage, stands unflinching to receive Not unlike Sadhu Sundar Singh's testimony the steel of her brother's dagger. When his cour- concerning his mother's influence is the tribute age fails and the dagger falls to the floor, she which Isahoc K. Marak gave his mother at our holds three draughts of poison to her lips with recent Gauhati Bible Class. He said: "My mother steady hand. When these fail to act, she requests must have been a very religious woman. Although a deadly dose of opium, and lays her down to she died when I was but a boy, I can remember sleep, knowing that she will never waken. how she prayed with me about many things. The hymns I remember most distinctly are those she These are not poets' tales, but historical annals sang to me when I was a child. She so filled my of the royal women of India. young life with spiritual things, that becoming a Christian seemed as natural as growing in physi- When such women were queens and empresses, cal stature." must not here have been multitudes of women of like spirit among their sUbjects? The Rajput cus- It is in the women that the real strength of tom of Johar, the Hindu suttee, prove that femi- Hinduism lies today. It is the women who cling nine constancy, devotion and intrepidity were not most tenaciously to caste, to purdah, to ceremoconfined to royalty. nies. In Moslem homes it is the women, usually the older women, who watch most vigilantly for What of the Indian womanhood of our day? Is any suggestion of departure from their faith, and it strong and courageous? Does the spirit of hero- who repulse any statement that may be at variism survive? Recent events indicate that it does. ance with accepted Moslem belief. I believe that if the men of Hindu and Moslem households were Regardless of what we may think of picketing to tear down the purdahs of their homes and inand of other non-cooperation activities, we must vite their women out into public life, the women admit that the women of India made a large con- would respond by weaving heavier purdahs and tribution to the success of the movement that has staying more closely behind them. Times without taken India to the foundation. number I have seen zenana women exalt their restrictions under the purdah system, much as a Is Mahatma Gandhi imprisoned? Mrs. Naidu newly betrothed girl parades her diamond ring. succeeds him in command, and Mrs. Gandhi car- But when, if ever, discarding purdah appeals to ries on bravely according to her ability. the women of India as a duty, they will discard it Does R. C. Das fall? His wife steps into the as their own right.

breach. I think of Soniram Borah's quiet little illiterate girl-wife, successfully thwarting her husband's Do lawyers and leaders of men talk of annulling well-laid plans to put his son in a mission boardthe Sardar Act? Women hold mass meetings, and voices that were but recently wont to whisper softly behind purdahs, thunder forth from public platforms, "The Sardar Act .shall stay/" A far cry, that, from the Laws of Manu! It sounds like a voice from another world than that of the Kamrup Indu villager, who told me last week that in

ing school. She had no physical force; she did not not have money, not even egg money (although raise her voice. She used her tongue most effec- they do have eggs of varied grades!) but they tively by not using it at all. For days on end she give what they have-the rice that they help did not speak to her husband nor to anyone else transplant, that they husk and clean, that they in his presence. She did not cook his rice. She cook for the daily meals. With this "rice money"

would not brew his tea. Thus she prevented her they support evangelists and teachers and send son from being sent to a mission school. girls (and boys) to school-not their own boys All over the land there are many sons of India and girls, but children of the community who give who would become professed followers of Jesus promise of becoming leaders. It was the sacrificial Christ were they not the sons and husbands of giving of the women of 'South Kamrup that re- quiet women who will not allow any such depar- sulted in the opening of the Gauhati Boarding ture from their ancestral faith. If India is to be School for Girls. In those days a man was usually won for Jesus Christ, the women of India must chairman of the Woman's Committee, and often first be won for Him. some of the other brethren attended the Woman's The mother of Sadhu Sundar Singh was never Meeting with him when they wanted to influence numbered among the women of the Indian the distribution of the Woman's Fund, but they Church, but his biographer states: "It was his never found the women sleeping nor were they mother, above all, who fostered and guided his easily dissuaded from a course upon which they unique religious bent. Many have marked the had decided. When they determined to help open love that beams on his face whenever he speaks a boarding school for girls, no plea that there was of her." The Sadhu himself said: "The mother's a greater need for village pandits could dissuade bosom is the best theological college in the world. them.

. . . It was the Holy Ghost who made me a Chris- During those first years of contact with our tian, but it was my mother [who died when he was fourteen] who made me a Sadhu." village Christians I was often indignant when I As I consider the place of women in the Indian saw the men of the family wrapped in a blanket Church, I am reminded also of the testimony of woven by the women, while the women sat with the Rev. Romanus Doimari concerning the rapid no warm covering and exposed to the penetratgrowth of the Christian Church among the Kach- ing cold as they nursed their babies.

aries of Mongaldai. He said: But the Gospel is taking deeper root now and It was largely the women who sowed the Gospel seed; good things are more evenly shared. While a it was the women who gathered the harvest. They cast father wrote us a few days ago saying that he away their characteristic testimony and their former fear w:as planning to take his daughter out of school of strangers. Binding their babies on their backs, they after this year, as he did not propose to spend any went in groups to near and far villages, while the women more money educating girls, such an attitude is who could not accompany them remained in the village more typical of the old days than of the present. church praying for the success of those who went. None Many of our Christians now seem quite as interof these messengers could read, but they had memorized ested in educating their daughters as in educating a hymn or two, and they could speak of their new-found strength, joy, and peace. Sometimes they were ridiculed; occasionally they were threatened with beating, which the their sons. This may be due in part to the new women invited by presenting the side of their face and realization of the economical asset of an educated saying "Hit! Hit! It would be sweet to bear a blow for daughter, or it may be due more to the realization Jesus!"

Do you wonder that the Mongaldai Church, that an educated Christian girl can make a large after fifteen years, now numbers over 5,600 bap- contribution to the Christian community.

tized believers? There are still but few women in I do not know what proportion of the 5,000,000 this community who can read their Bibles or their members of the Church of Christ in India are hymnals, but they are greedy for teaching. What women, but I do know that many of the teachers they have received of the Bible has greatly trans- and lady doctors and most of the nurses serving formed their outward appearance as well as their this great nation are drawn from this group of inner attitudes.. The splendid advantage to which Christian women.

they have used the little they have been given is As a nation India is alive to the political power an indication of the potential leadership in this of its womanhood. ~s a church we must be alive group, which training would develop. to the spiritual might of the women of the Indian In our districts in the lower valley the women Church and to the urgency of need of winning the of the Church are the generous givers. They do rest of India's womanhood for Christ.

Ways of

'fested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO INTRODUCING MADAME as I know, I am unique in that your utmost for the extension of field. the Kingdom of God to the utter- MISSIONARY REVIEW most parts of the earth. I am a News Publication, and In view of the paramount im- I give you in a nutshell an ac- I am a giant Bulletin Board portance of the cause involved, count of the big things that are whereon the Women's Home and current retrenchment may well happening on mission fields at Foreign Mission Societies post begin with something less vital home and abroad. the reports of events of greatest than the missionary magazines. import in their special work. Cut out everything in daily diet I am a Book Review. I prebut the food essentials before sent well-written digests of lead- In my Effective Ways of you sacrifice the monthly visits ing books bearing upon the Working, I am a compendium of of THE REVIEW. If you would theme which is my very life. Any the best methods for increasing hearten the church folk to make volumes found in Our Mission- interest in the missionary entheir utmost endeavor to maintain the missionary cause, unim- I deavor 'of the home church. I paired by the economic condi- speak only of outstanding plans tions, get THE REVIEW into new ~'::'~;:Jl:~ tried and proved good in the exhomes as soon as possible. You perience of successful people of can if you convince them of its f—- all Christian denominations the importance and value. One can 11-=—- world over. If you would make hardly conceive of any Christian Ir-~-~ the very best of your church perreading the inspiring articles of sonnel, from pastor to Sunday a single issue and turning to say, ~-==- ~ -=-::: –:– School kindergarten workers, "But I don't take much stock in listen to my counsel and try out missions !" To obtain new sub- —- =– – – ll~:::-~ for yourself what fits your needs scribers, try the following: — — and conditions. -~ A forceful speaker, attired in Now I want to know you all a costume something like the il- ary Bookshelf will be forwarded better. Will you not invite me lustration, is introduced by the to you promptly upon receipt of to call in your homes once a program leader and proceeds their price. I attend to that per- month and show you how to do with her talk, touching the dec- sonally. the most efficient team work orations on her dress as she de- with Jesus Christ in winning scribes the corresponding de- I am the composite voice of the world for the reign of love? partments or features. some of the world's greatest My traveling expenses are only missionary writers and states- $2.50 for a year's regular month- Leader: This is Madame Re- men who contribute articles on ly visits, or 25 cents for a single view, the embodiment of that the dominant themes of the day. call. How many of you are ready peerless publication, THE MIS- to invite me? I assure you I SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. I am a spyglass through can pay my way, in the coin of We have asked her to speak to which you can obtain a World- service. Have I any old friends you frankly of her peTsonality, wide Outlook. Through me you her hopes and her aspirations, may see the near and the far in the audience who can vouch for she is a great personage and events of the missionary cam- for my worth? there is no one like her in all the paign, catching inspiration to do world. (Omit this last query if no subscribers to THE REVIEW are Madame REVIEW: Friends, I in the audience; but should there am fifty-four years old-though be any present, let them rise and I know that I look like a debut- give brief testimony to the value ante. In all those years I have of the publication. In any event, been faithfully giving an interdenominational review of world- immediate efforts should be wide Christian progress. So far made to secure new subscribers, or have at least a single sub- scription in the name of the chairman of the program com- [233]

mittee, or place the magazine in grams on "The Challenge of Mrs. Fred A. Little, of Calthe nearest public library. Don't Change," in the January issue, vary Church, Anaheim, Califorwait for the mood of the audi- in the Garden Series soon to fol- nia, says: "I arrange a poster ence to spend itself.) low this, and in subsequent out- to meet the program situation [Acknowledgment of suggestion for illustra- lines. A dominant purpose is and calculated to force the tive cut, to Mrs. Jessie H. Burr, in Missions Magazine.] necessary to produce a dynamic truths home, as well as to fur- poster. nish a decoration for our church PUBLICITY THROUGH parlor. First I purchased plas- POSTERS Mrs. Dorothy Crockett, in her ter board of the required size Star in the East, tells of "Ac- What about having an attrac- quaintance Posters and Map when trimmed, and framed' it tive poster to advertise mission- Work" for the purpose of im- securely, giving it two coats of ary events? Visualization to in- pressing field and station facts. flat white pajnt. This is used terpret verbalization has estab- "The ability to connect names of on an easel as permanent suplished its worth beyond the need missionaries with the correct port for posters. For my poster for argument. One must be stations and to think of the right backgrounds I use the reverse painstaking and imaginative, buildings when a station is side of white wall paper-two but not necessarily an artist to named, to know: of an unusual lengths and lapped over in the be a successful poster maker. work connected with a certain center. On this I develop my Often a person not gifted as a place-these are quite lacking picture. For instance, a candle speaker or executive may here with most of us." Mrs. Crock- stick as a symbol of service was ett describes field posters whose developed in beautiful colors, find opportunity for service. The materials are not elab- production is assigned to groups the candle portion, including orate or expensive. These may of women and girls in the or- bright flame, being shaped and include colored crayons, inex- ganization. Draw a dim outline pasted in. A lighted candle was pensive water color paints, li- of a country on a cardboard placed at the side of the poster." brary paste, colored papers and sheet two by three feet in size, Our readers will do well to ordinary cardboard, carbon pa- and on this paste pictures from save the following description of Mrs. Little's poster for a New per for tracing, inks of several your missionary magazines. Year's meeting, and try it when tints, lettering pens for shading, On the map of Africa, for in- the appropriate date arrives. marking pencils (including a stance, may be grouped illustra- The title was "Chimes of a New white one to use with dark pa- tions of the sort of work done Year." First may come a New per), a carpenter's pencil with there, or printed matter con- Year's greeting and the unveilits broad graphite to use in vari- cerning this work, with the il- ing of the bells, the latter being ous widths, or notched to make lustrations around the edge as a the poster of the day, which furletters of two or three lines; border. Inscribe neatly at the nishes the suggestions for the samples of wall papers; cutouts bottom a selection of pithy facts. coming year. from fashion magazines, seed catalogues and illustrations On another chart containing Lifting up one loose belI on from advertising pages; various the outline map-say of Japan- the poster sheet, the leader finds Dennison devices; other items place and name the mission sta- underneath, "To hear as little as may be added as need develops. tions, from each of which a possible to the prejudice of A printing outfit with block let- string radiates to a point where others." ters (often to be found among red-bordered labels fasten down children's toys), is useful but all the ends. "At a point out- Under the second she reads, not necessary. Many prefer to side the map previously plotted, "To believe no ill of anyone unc~t out large letters from maga- less absolutely forced to do so." zmes and handbills, pasting fasten the ends of the strings them carefully on the poster to to the board, each being held in Under other bells are, form the text. Your wall paper place by a gummed label which "Always exemplify Christian dealer will give you old sample bears the name of a missionary love" ; books which have a wealth of or missionary family. These labels will appear best arranged "Radiate good will and sun- in a column. . . . Paste a pic- shine" ; "When I am inclined to criti- 4langdascrdapeens,orfloflworearls, leaves, etc. ture of your church in the cen- cize the faults of others, I will catalogue is ter of a chart, draw about it take a good look in the mirror SImply a treasure trove. A lit- ever-widening circles represent- and ask myself, 'What manner tle system in labeling and classi- ing the fields of work for which of person am I'?" fying these materials will great- your church is responsible. In Any other locally or univerly expedite their use. . the ring labeled Home Missions, sally applicable texts may be re- How to Begin paste small pictures of mission- vealed in the ringing of these aries at work in your denomina- chimes, each one being made the Always evolve the poster from tional home fields, while in that topic for a one-minute talk if dethe theme. Note the close rela- labeled Foreign Missionaries, sired. tionship between subject matter assemble pictures of your work- "Christian Americanization and picturization in the pro- ers abroad." Chimes" may appear under the

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

last bell as the theme for the facts for each poster. You may large visiting card bore a green cross in the upper left hand corner, and talk of the service. be sure twice the attention was across it was written: "High Lights in Our Mission- paid to the living groups that "Mrs. A is requested to view with ary Work in the Past Year" is would have been accorded the us the Battalion of Life as It Marches suggested as another topic for pictures; and the participants on Its Crusade of Compassion. Seat discussion. No. 63 is reserved on the reviewing had indelibly impressed upon Thus the whole program, in them the factual things for stand." The December card bore a Christaddition to the initial inspira- which they stood. mas seal (a lighted taper) and the tion, may be developed through words, "Our dear friend, Mrs. B, may the "chimes." "Moving mottoes" furnish an- keep Christmas with the women of other feature-a procession of many lands by sending the light to Animated Posters boys moving slowly across the their darkened homes." platform bearing aloft card- These are even more dynamic board banners inscribed with The January card bore a tiny calthan the pictures. Mrs. Crock- striking missionary sentiments, endar for the month, the date of the ett suggests that at an evening's each boy stopping in the middle meeting being marked in red. The social gathering, attractive per- of the platform to speak very written suggestion was that Mrs. C sons wear posters replete with plainly his own motto, then all might make a New Year's resolution facts, after the style of the ad- the banner-bearers line up fac- to attend the meeting on that date. vertising "s and w i c h man." ing the front in a most forceful Needless to say the facts will re- silent address. These plans, and Another card bore a picture of a ceive more marked attention. others which will suggest them- baby's face and the urgent invitation selves, will not only liven up the for its recipient to bring her daugh- As a variation of her original presentation of missionary pro- ter, granddaughter or niece to the plan, Mrs. Crockett considers grams and increase the attend- party which had been arranged for having women dressed in white ance but will deepen the impres- the Little Light Bearers. wear outline maps of mission A sheaf of wheat painted in the upper left hand corner was the in- signia for an invitation to a Harvest Home Rally in the autumn.

fields in some jaunty way-Ja- sions produced and tend to link An offering box on another card inpan, for instance, being "airily formed the recipient that such and slung from the left shoulder," them up with life. the Philippine Islands suspend- Advertising Through Invitations such a date had been set apart to ed in several sections, etc.; four "Count Your Blessings" (Thank-of- fering meeting).

or five outstanding facts about Happily, the pulpit or calen- MAKING A PARISH each such country being plainly dar announcement of "the usual MISSIONARY-MINDED inscribed on its map. Conscious- missionary meeting" is becomly or unconsciously, guests will ing obsolete. A curiosity-tickling By the REV. G. D. BUSCH forecast of an attractive pro- Pastor of read over the facts as their gram will usually bring the aubearers mingle with the com- dience-providing they have not Grace Lutheran Church pany all evening. Before the been deceived in the past as to Toledo, Ohio gathering disperses, guests are the worthfulness of the goods asked to jot down all the data advertised. The Woman's Mis- [In writing up methods we are they can recall, even the poster sionary Friend, a Methodist inclined to strive for something folk laying aside their adorn- monthly, says: extraordinary and often, alas! ment and writing what they not realizable under average con- A notice to all and sundry may be ditions. The unique value of this have noted upon others. This overlooked, but an invitation is an- contribution by a man who has review might well serve as a other story. It is delivered by mail or evidenced his own qualifications wind-up after a School of Mis- in person to the individual and indi- by serving as a valued member sions. cates that she is expected at the meet- of the Committee on Religious ing. Education in the United Lu- Miss Mary C. Wiley, of Win- theran Synod of Ohio, as dean There were five women striving to of the School of Religious Eduston-Salem, N. C., had an an- increase the attendance of the mis- cation at Lakeside School of Misnual display of "animated pos- sionary meetings. Each was responters" in a Presbyterian church.

Using as patterns certain pic- sible for 25 of the 130 members en- sions, as dean of the Toledo Luture-posters sent out annually rolled. One of the five, availing her- theran Training Sunday School by the Southern Presbyterian self of the opportunity for leadership, Church, a local committee sub- Institute, as well as editor of consented to plan the form of invita- The Toledo Lutheran, is that it tion, make four copies of it-one for stituted real people for the pic- each member of the c.ommittee-who, illustrates the foundation work ture-folk intended to be hung on in turn, should prepare from it the the wall. Every detail of cos- a consecrated, systematic and tume and posture from the mod- number assigned to her. Five days tactful minister can accomplish previous to the meeting all invita- under very adverse conditions.] els was painstakingly worked tions were to be delivered. On that out, the groups thus evolved being used as tableaux while a day the members of the committee, Through a number of circumreader standing at one side gave wherever they might be, united in' stances, a desire on my part to very distinctly the title and praying at the noon hour for God's serve as a foreign missionary blessing on their effort. was not fulfilled and I accepted a call to a parish of 600 souls in The resulting invitations we r e unique and effective. For October a

one of the thriving industrial project of home mission activi- gram proved the most difficult.

cities of the Middle West. The ties, namely, the raising of funds We are just undertaking a pro- combination of Teutonic ances- to purchase and hold land for gram of study and support. But try and membership in a church future expansion. But in the the men have rendered one out- noted for its conservativeness, fall another special season of standing service. Great difficulty backed by a history of twenty- missionary education presented had been experienced in raising five years of parish existence, itself, known in our church as the total church budget, espe- made me realize very early that "inner missions," more widely cially in getting an idea of the a program, not publicly stated, known as social service–the ob- weekly income to be expected.

was necessary to bring about a ligation of Christians to care for Just prior to the beginning of ministry that might earn the their less fortunate brethren. my pastorate, the missionary- Saviour's approval. During these past two years of minded financial secretary ef- The initial problem was that severe distress, this part of any fected a change in the manner of "what to preach." This point well-rounded missionary pro- of presentation. The greatest of attack offered the least oppo- gram has proved one of the best stress was placed upon the be- sition and required the least re- worth while. nevolence budget – "for others" adjustment in the life of the -which included not only miscongregation. Their very tradi- With the preaching program sionary but also educational and tions helped me. Accustomed as out of the way, the next problem merciful work in which the conthey were to a regular routine to study was that of the efforts gregation was interested. Eduof worship known as the Church and attitudes of the organiza- cation in such simple matters as Year, in which the great festival tions within the church. I was the .amount of money given for seasons – A d v e nt, Christmas, fortunate to discover a capable foreign missions and the amount Epiphany, Lent, Easter and Pen- and missionary-minded group of for home, "how little is paid for tecost-were observed, it was a women in my woman's auxiliary, salaries and overhead," coupled comparatively simple matter to in which there was little to do with an appeal to take part in gear my missionary preaching except to show by word and ac- the world program, raised the with it. The Sundays before tion my appreciation and to be- benevolence budget almost one Christmas, known as Advent, in speak their prayers for the work thousand dollars over that of the which the Scripture lessons and of the church. previous years and also made prayers turned their hearts to- the current expense less of a ward the coming of the Christ, The program of religious edu- problem. were used by me to emphasize cation in the Church School had the striking parallel between the endeavored to include some mis- Looking back over four years, heart-hunger of the Graeco- sionary attitudes, but had not there still remain lands to be Roman world and the world to- progressed very far. Three ad- conquered. The preaching proday. The period of Epiphany, vanced steps were taken: (1) gram becomes more balanced. which always has been utilized Envelopes were provided and an The old prejudices and attitudes as a "foreign missionary interest opportunity afforded the chil- of the congregation are slowly time," gave me an extraordinary dren to contribute to the mis- dying and the missionary-mind opportunity to present Jesus as sionary cause. (2) Missionary is winning. I now dream of "the desire of all nations" and to stories and exercises were in- two great steps – one, a school turn the minds of the congrega- cluded in the worship during the meeting on a week-day night for tion to the need of spreading the Church School hour. (3) The the whole congregation in which Gospel. greatest interest-arouser was the this progr,am of missionary- assumption of definite responsi- mindedness is the center, and To handle the problem of bility for two churches and two the other, a group of individuals motivation, the season of Lent schools in our mission in India interested so much in particular proved a God-given opportunity. known as our "parish abroad." phases of the missionary pro- Traditionally it is the period of The interest was maintained by gram as to be willing to support, evangelism, with the need of ac- talks on this parish and by show- financially and otherwise. indicepting Jesus as a personal Sa- ing pictures taken at first hand. vidual projects. It is hoped that shortly we shall viour as the main theme. The have a reel or two of movies. There are, however, some unlocal conditions, however, made The financing of the Church solved problems connected with it necessary to stress the duty of School has been assumed by the the movement and one of these a Christian as a cross-bearer, so congregation and a place in the is how to efficiently follow-up this particular phase of mission- church budget was found for those who, through the camary activity received renewed religious education, thus open- paign, have signified their puremphasis. ing the way for a more intense pose to ally themselves with From Easter to the summer cultivation of the missionary Christianity and the things for season, because of local condi- spirit in the school. which it stands, and to really tions, the mind of the congrega- Due to certain local affiliations, conserve for the future the work tion is occupied with a definite the men's portion in the pro- of the movement.

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Women"s Home and Foreign Bulletin ANNE SEESHOLTZ, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK; COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK; FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA PRAYER AGAINST WAR Uy together with an increasing from the time when it was first o Lord, since first the blood sense of our common blood and presented to the Senate by Presi- destiny, that peace may come dent Harding in 1923 up to its of Abel cried to thee from the on earth at last and thy sun present status in the Senate, the ground that drank it this earth may shed its light rejoicing on follow i n g conclusions were of thine has been defiled with a holy brotherhood of peoples. reached: the blood of man shed by his brother's hand, and the centu- -Walter Rauschenbusch in As the question of the World Court ries sob with the ceaseless hor- "Prayers of the Social Awaken- has been pending in the Senate for ror of war. Ever the pride of ing." nine years, the Seventh Conference on the Cause and Cure of War believes kings and the covetousness of that further postponement of action the strong have driven peaceful SEVENTH CONFERENCE ON thereon cannot be justified. nations to slaughter. Ever the THE CAUSE AND CURE songs of the past and the pomp At this time, while the Disarma- ment Con fer e n c e is meeting in of armies have been used to in- Geneva, the psychological effect of OF WAR the United States adherence to the flame the passions of the people. By Elinor K. Purves Court would be stimulating and help- Our spirit cries out to thee in ful. Continued inaction is certain to revolt against it, and we know The Seventh Conference on be interpreted as a lack of internathat our righteous anger is an- the Cause and Cure of War was tional cooperation which will comswered by thy holy wrath. held in Washington, D. C., Jan- uary 18-21, 1932. This Confer- plicate the work of the Conference. Break thou the spell of the en- ence was composed of 650 dele- Public opinion in this country, chantments that make the na- gates from eleven women's ortions drunk with the lust of bat- ganizations, two of which are affinned by a great majority of the tle and draw them on as willing the Council of Women for Home newspapers, the American Bar Astools of death. Grant us a quiet Missions and the Federation of and steadfast mind when our Woman's Boards of Foreign sociation, the American Federation of own nation clamors for ven- Missions which together had 99 geance or aggression. Strength- delegates. Labor, the United States Chamber of en our sense of justice and re- Commerce, and a great multitude of gard for the equal worth of American citizens represented in such organizations as those composing the Conference on the Cause and Cure of War, supports the World Court wholeheartedly, and this opinion should find sympathetic reflection in senatorial action.

other peoples and races. Grant The theme for the Conference The Declaration of Opinion in to the rulers of nations faith in was "World Paradoxes" and regard to the General Disarmathe possibility of peace through the program included discus- ment Conference, after calling justice, and grant to the com- sions of the economic causes of to remembrance the obligations mon people a new and stern en- war, the Manchurian situation, of the signatories to the Verthusiasm for the cause of peace. the Polish Corridor, and the sailles Treaty in regard to dis- Bless our soldiers and sailors for new Russia as possible threats armament, the similar obligatheir swift obedience and their to the peace machinery set up to tion of the United States in its willingness to answer to the call prevent war; the strengthening separate treaty with Germany, of duty, but inspire them none- of this peace machinery, dis- the promise through Article 8 of the-less with a hatred of war, armament as a means to peace, the Covenant of the League of and may they never for love of and the part which should be Nations in regard to disarmaprivate glory or advancement played by the United States in ment, the work of the Preparaprovoke its coming. May our the movements for the peaceful tory Commission of the League young men still rejoice to die for settlement of international dis- in preparation for the General putes. Conference ctahlleedfoflolorw1i9n3g2~tcaotne­- their country with the valor of The Conference put itself on cluded with their fathers, but teach our age nobler methods of matching our record as in former years in ment: strength and more effe.ctive favor of the adherence of the Therefore, we, the delegates to the ways of giving our life for the United States to the World- Seventh Conference on the Cause and flag. Cure of War, in ·confer.ence assembled Court, and ina Declaration of at Washington, D. C., January 18-21, o thou, strong Father of all Opinion which reviewed the his- 1932, look to the American delegation nations, draw all thy great fam- tory of the World Court Treaty to the first General Disarmament Con- [237]

ference, meeting at Geneva, February DISARMAMENT PETITIONS into the offices of the Council 2, 1932, to insist upon the bold reduc- and the Federation, and when tion of every category of armament By Florence G. Tyler the date of sailing came, the indicated by the report of the Pre- church women had sent in not paratory Commission. On Saturday, February 6, the 60,000 but 140,000. About 5,000 women of the world had a spe- more signatures have been re- The following Resolution was cial part in the Disarmament ceived since then. These petialso adopted: Conference for it was on that tions were sent from the office day that the petitions signed by of the National Committee on Whereas, the Seventh Conference millions of women all over the the Cause and Cure of War with on the Cause and Cure of War, now world were presented, and those those collected by ten 0 the r in session in Washington, has noted who were watching the news- American women's organizawith interest the identic note of the 'papers read with a great thrill tions, in bundles of 12,500 sig- Secretary of State, delivered on Janu- the account of the presentation, natures, to Geneva, and there ary 8, 1932, to the governments of and of Miss Mary Dingman's they were added to the petitions Japan and China; and speech. of the women of France, Eng- land, Holland, Japan, Germany, Whereas, it has noted in particular The National Committee on etc., over 8,000,000 in all, and the declaration that the United the Cause and Cure of War set Miss Dingman made the presen- States does not "intend to recognize out to secure the signatures of any situation, treaty or agreement 1,000,000 women of the United tation speech to the Disarmawhich may be brought about by States of America to the peti- ment Conference. As Chairman means contrary to the covenants and tion to the International Dis- of the Disarmament Committee, obligations of the Pact of Paris of armament Conference being she represented the fifteen in- August 27, 1928, to which treaty both held at Geneva, which read as ternational organizations hav- China and Japan, as well as the follows: ing headquarters in Geneva United States are parties,"

Therefore, Be It Resolved, that this Conference express to the Secretary of State its appreciation of this farreaching interpretation of the Pact of Paris, so that it acquilles increased effectiveness as an instrument for en- We, the undersigned women of the with branches in fifty-six counsuring reliance upon pacific means United States, hereby petition the In- tries and a combined memberrather than upon measures of war ternational Disarmament Conference ship of 45,000,000 women. for the settlement of international to gratify the expectations and hopes disputes. of the world by putting into im- The petitions, coming from The Conference prepared the mediate and unhesitating effect the many lands, were accompanied following objectives for its pledges already made for the reduc- by delegations of women from member organizations for the tion of national armaments. those lands, and following Miss year 1932, suggesting that they Dingman's presentation speech, take some action in regard to The Allies and Associates pledged these women delegates formed them: world disarmament to their adver- in a long line and advanced one saries; the Covenant of the League by one, toward the tribune's 1. That the Disarmament Confer- of Nations promised it; great nations table where two secretaries reence take first place in the programs have solemnly agreed that interna- ceived from them their bundles on International Relations of all the tional disputes shall be settled by of signatures. The American pemember organizations so long as the peaceful methods without resort to titions were bound with red, Conference remains in session, and war; and, lastly, through the Briand- white, and blue bands, and each that resolutions and opinions in re- Kellogg Pact, war has been re- bundle of 12,500 signatures bore gard to it be registered with the De- the name of the organization partment of State and the Disarma- nounced. which collected them. Within a ment Committee of Women's Inter- Clearly, the next step is the bold few minutes the table on which national Organizations in Geneva. the packages were piled was full reduction of every variety of arma- to overflowing. The secretaries 2. That there be continued an in- ment. To do less would violate treaty began filling big baskets from sistent demand for the ratification of obligations, awaken suspicion and inthe WorId Court Protocols. cite fresh war talk. 3. That increased and sustained The assurances of peace will becooperation of the United States with come invincible when the reduction of armament for which we plead has been secured. Wars will cease when governments so resolve.

the League of Nations be advocated. An allotment of 60,000 sig- the overflow, while outside in 4. That compulsory military train- natures was made to the church women to be secured through the corridors hundreds of other ing be opposed. packages, too heavy to be car- It was also proposed that the the offices of the Council of ried, were piled high against member organizations f 0 c u s Women for Home Missions and the wall.

their attention on, and make a the Federation of Woman's Many 0 the r organizations study of, the economic roots of Boards of Foreign Missions of were represented and many international disputes, the new North America. In some of the other speeches were made. The implications of neutrality under denominations an effort was most impressive of these was the Paris Pact, the treaty mak- made to reach the "last society made by James Frederick Green ing powers of the Senate, the in the last church." Some of Kansas City, a student of recognition of the United States groups took it very seriously, Yale University speaking for of Russia, the question of the re- and some groups not so serious- the Intercollegiate Disarmament vision of the war debts, and the ly. But for weeks previous to Council of the United States, January 1 the petitions poured who said in part: American assets for peace.

WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULETIN

Behind your deliberations stands sented the Council at the eighth the governments to the General staring down on us the spectre of quinquennial meeting of the In- Disarmament Conference. Mme. death. Other speakers have much Paradowska-Szelagowska is a at stake, but we have even more, for ternational Council of Women member of the Peace and League we are literally fighting for our lives. in Vienna in May, 1930. Miss of Nations Commission and of It is our generation who will be re- Kydd might be termed "the the Alliance of Women for Suf- quested to destroy the best of human Prime Minister" of the women's frage and Equal Citizenship. culture, perhaps civilization itself, organizations in Canada. She has taken an active part in for causes which future historians the pacifist movement in Poland. will discover were erroneous. Dr. (Madame) Pauline Luisi is one of the most prominent Dr. Mary Emma Woolley is In every club and fraternity house figures of the Feminist Move- President of the American Asin England and America, we never ment of South America, and the sociation of University Women cease to ask, "Were these 10,000,000 first woman to be sent officially and a member of the National young men who loved life as whole- to the League of Nations by a Board of the Young Women's heartedly as ourselves, victims of an South American government. illusion when they fell on the world's Mme. Luisi, who was the first Christian Associations. She battlefields, fourteen years ago?" woman of her country to obtain has been for thirty-one years a doctor's degree, has given President of Mount Holyoke We remain unconvinced as to the many years of her life to medi- College for Women and is known wisdom of our predecessors. Were- cal research and was appointed as one of the foremost women spect the noble dead, but we question head of the clinic at the Medical educators in the United States. the judgment of those who sent them Faculty of Montevideo. She Her college is outstanding for to their deaths. Organized slaughter then gave herself up entirely to dis c u ssions of international does not settle a dispute, it merely the Feminist Movement of Uru- questions and for freedom of silences an argument. guay and to the protection of thought. Dr. Woolley is also a women and children. She was member of the American Society The Disarmament Conference delegated by the Government of for Judicial Settlement of Interis still in session. The reiterat- Uruguay to the League of Na- national Disputes, the League ed request of millions upon mil- tions to represent her country at for Permanent Peace Through lions for reduction of arma- the Consultative Commission for ments cannot fail to have made the protection of children and the Churches, and the Institute an impression, but church wom- young people, and is a member of International Education. She en must continue to work and to has traveled in Japan, China pray for this cause until nations of the International Committee and Manchuria and has attendshall find a way by which they of Experts on the White Slave ed from the beginning the Panmay live together without war Traffic. Mme. Luisi is President Pacific Conferences as a memin a world where Jesus' way of of the Alliance of the Women of ber. life is known and followed by Uruguay, President of Honour all men. and founder of the Uruguay Na- On Friday, February 5, a din- tional Council of Women and of ner was given to the women NOTES FROM GENEVA the Uruguayan-Argentine Abo- delegates to the Disarmament lition Committee, and a member Conference by the Disarmament The five women delegates to of the International Alliance for Com mit tee of International the International Disarmament Suffrage and Equal Citizenship. Women's Organizations. Most Conference at Geneva are Mrs. She was also appointed a dele- of the fifteen organizations con- Corbett Ashby of Great Britain, gate of her government to the stituting the committee were Miss Winnifred Kydd of Can- Fourth International Labor Con- represented. ada, Dr. Pauline Luisi of Uru- ference and to the Congress of guay, Mme. Paradowska-Szela- Social Hygiene in Paris. The dinner was presided over gowska of Poland and Dr. Mary by Madame Ramondt-Hirsch- Emma Woolley of the United Mme. AnnaParadowska-Szela- mann of the Women's Interna- States. gowska is Vice-President of the tional League for Peace and Polish Progressive Women's As- Freedom who, before introduc- Mrs. Corbett Ashby, who took sociation, head of the Interna- ing the delegates, spoke of the a degree at Cambridge, was tional Section and member of symbolic significance of the eight formerly President of the Wom- the General Council of the Women's Liberal Party of Great Bri- en's Association for Social Serv- millions of signatures to the tain and a distinguished leader ice in Poland. She was appoint- peace petitions from men and of the Constitutional Suffragette ed Assistant Delegate in the Pol- Movement. She is President of ish Government's delegation to women all over the world and of the International Alliance of the 12th Assembly of the League the influence they might exer- Women for Suffrage and Equal of Nations and she propounded cise on the Disarmament Con- Citizenship as well as President there in the name of the Polish ference as representing the earnof the British branch of the Government a resolution con- est desire of millions of human same organization. cerning the women's participa- beings to be allowed to live nor- tion in the delegations sent by mal, peaceful lives. Miss Winnifred Kydd, M.A., McGill University, has taken an Dr. Woolley stated her imactive interest in social move- pression of solidarity among the ments. She is a former President of the National Council of women's international organiza- Women of Canada. She repre-

tions in working towards the live we shall not take up arms ficult part of the field, his own comachievement of a great end. against each other." munity.

Miss Kydd said that she had The Prince of Wales, Premier The address was concluded traveled all over Canada and had Bennett and President Hoover by the following challenge to noted with satisfaction the educational value of signing the pe- are to be invited to the dedica- faithfulness: titions, and believed that such education helped to form public tion and the Governors of all All life is an adventure, and if we opinion in all countries, and that states, Premiers of provinces are to interpret Christ today we must the cause of disarmament would and of republics. not fear the risk. Men venture every be g rea t 1y strengthened by day for possibilities only. Cannot the women's work in that respect. An International Peace Picnic Christian take the risk for Christ? will be held at the time of dedi- But risk is only one side of adventure; Mme. Paradowska-Szelagow- cation. no adventure is ever brought to a good ska emphasized the necessity for issue without its prosaic activities. moral disarmament and for an There will probably be a uni- There are pitfalls to escape, heights intensive education of youth to versal broadcast as one of the to climb, dragons to be slain, but there dispel the clouds of hate and International Radio Corpora- are long stretches of fiat, dull road fear which were still a heritage tions has requested the privilege, along which the adventurer must plod. of the great war. and arrangements are being The Christian cannot achieve his ad- made. venture in one long thrill of enthusi- Dr. Luisi also stressed the asm; he must carry it through the great value of educating youth The endowment of $5,000,000 weary miles when he can just drag in pacific aspirations and told of is being raised by popular sub- one foot after another; the last lap is the work being accomplished in scription. The first cash contri- the one that counts; he must press Uruguay, Brazil and Argentine bution from Canada was the on, not only when his enthusiasm in revising the texts of history gift of a school girl in New enables him to mount on wings like books and inculcating the ideas Brunswick, being prize money an eagle, not only when his strength of political arbitration instead is able to run and not be weary, but of war. won by her exhibits at the local most of all when the utmost he can summer fair, her own personal do is to walk and not faint. That is Mrs. Ashby pointed out that donation to the Peace Garden. the way of the adventurer who would the great task of preventing war interpret his Master to the life of belonged to men and women ADVENTURE AND COM- today, in perhaps the hardest spot on alike for the very existence of earth-his own community. the race was at stake. MUNITY WILL YOU BE ONE? A new member has been wel- Dr. Mabel Cartwright, who is comed into the Disarmament "Thy gentleness hath made Committee of Women's Inter- President of the Woman's Auxnational Organizations – Ligue iliary, Ontario Diocese, Church me great," sang the Psalmist. des Femmes Oberigues et His- of England, gave a stirring adpano-Americaines. This organ- dress at the Annual Meeting of On the Peace stamps, issued ization comprises women from the Home Missions Council and all the South American coun- Council of Women for Home by the Council of Women for tries as well as from Spain and Missions at Toronto, on the Home Missions to further the Portugal. theme, "Adventure and Com- munity." Concerning the adven- Eva C 1ark Waid A PEACE GARDEN ture of peace, she spoke as fol- Memorial Fund for W 0 rId Peace, is The United States is joining lows: "the dove of peace" with Canada in the establish- flying over the great ment of an International Peace There is the adventure of peace; wide world. The Garden to be located about peace has become the supreme adven- w hit e bird may thirty miles from the exact geo- ture of our civilization. It ought to see m ineffective graphic center of North Amer- be natural for the Christian to think against battleships and aerial ica. Manitoba and North Da- of men and women as children of our warfare, and yet it rests not kota have each given 1,500 acres Father. The adventure of love is day or night but flies on symmaking a total of 3,000 acres. greater than the adventure of hate; and if the Christian is to make the bolically over the war-cursed This Peace Garden will be adventure of peace today he must do dedicated on July 14, 1932, the it with energy and passion, with a areas. suggested words of the dedica- positive faith in the patience and It will be remembered by the tion being, "To God in His power of God. Every warrior of peace Glory, we two nations speaking is called to a warfare with ignorance many who knew Mrs. Waid that a common language, dedicate and disease, with sin and hatred, with she gave herself wholeheartedthis Garden and pledge our- lust and cruelty, a warfare in our ly to bringing peace among the selves that as long as men shall own community where there are ig- norant ones to be taught, children to nations in our day. be trained and protected, sinners to The goal of the Fund is ten be shown the way of repentance, strangers and lonely ones to be be- thousand dollars to be invested friended, the spirit of unkind, malici- and the interest used annually ous gossip to be cast out by the spirit for the Council's work of Inter- of charity. The social unit is the national Relations. The plan neighborhood, and the adventurer for includes the idea of ten thousand peace must not only pour his prayers women each using a dollar's and support into the machinery of the worth of the Peace stamps to League of Nations, but must work out establish the Eva Clark Waid goodwill towards men in that very dif- Memorial Fun d for World Peace.

INDIA-BURMA The second baptism was that Victory for the

of Haidar Ali, a Mohammedan Movement Among Higher sent by the pastor of the Jullun- The untouchables in India are Castes dur Church. He declared that now demanding permission to it is the purpose of his life to bathe in the Ganges, says the The Telugu country has been enter the theological college and Rev. C. F. Andrews. famous for its mass movement preach the Word of Life in towards Christianity among the Christ to Mohammedans. In the village of Vykom, the lowest castes. In the same area untouchables were forbidden to during the last five years there The third baptism was that of pass through a certain road, has been a notable movement to- a mother and child from a hum- which ran near the temples. wards Christianity among the ble village home. The mother Some determined to defy the rehigher castes. During this pe- had been taught by her husband striction and, with some of riod over 20,000 people from the and by a Presbyterian mission- Gandhi's followers, marched in higher caste Hindu communities ary at Kasur. procession down this road. The have j 0 i ned the Christian orthodox Brahmins came and Church, and every year over 2,- The fourth baptism was that beat them. The rebels against 000 such people continue to ac- of Khan Mohammad, his wife tradition took it without comcept Christ. and baby. plaint, but the next morning they came again, and were again A potent influence in this re- Fully realizing that baptism beaten. After several days of markable movement has been meant persecution and suffering, this procedure the Brahmins the changed life of the outcaste isolation and enmity, these peo- called the police and had the Christians. The coming into the ple still were bold to accept with marchers arrested and sent to church of such large numbers of joy the sign and seal of their prison. Hundreds more conthe higher castes is making new faith in Christ and promised to tinued to come. Finally, the demands on the leadership.· A go forth and bear witness to the Government put a cordon of new type of religious and devo- d eat h and resurrection of police across the road and Gandtionalliterature is needed, and a Christ, no matter what the op- hi's followers stood in front of better educated and equipped position might be among their the cordon, in the attitude of ministry is in demand. If this Mohammedan friends. prayer for twelve hours daily, in movement continues the stigma six-hour shifts. Mr. Andrews usually attached to Christian -Rev. Frank B. Llewellyn, said, "the orthodox Brahmins converts that they are from the Kasur, India. still occasionally beat them, but outcastes will disappear, and they gradually grew ashamed, Christian life and thought will All-India Christian Conference and the villagers loved them begin to be influenced by Indian more and more." culture which is the peculiar pos- The All-India Christian Consession of the middle class Hin- ference, an organization of In- At last, after a year and four dus of the higher castes. dian Protestant Christians, met months, the Brahmins gave in in annual session at Poona early and sent away the police. They -Po O. Philip in The Chris- in February. The conference re- said, "We cannot stand this any tian Century. affirmed its approval of the es- longer. You may pass through tablishment of a united church the road." Four Recent Baptisms for India; viewed with regret the general apathy of the Indian The s t rug g I e had been Recent baptisms of four peo- Christian community towards ple from Lyallpur, a village near the swadeshi movement for pro- watched with great interest all Lahore, are of unusual interest moting home industries and and spiritual significance. S. handicrafts; con d e m ned in over India. "Their bravery and Narindar, Singh Nibbar, after strong terms anarchy, murder he had wavered between Christi- and violence of all kinds; and their victory," said Mr. Ananity and Hinduism for seven urged the Government not to reyears, presented himself for sort to repressive measures to drews, "have opened to the unbaptism. Although he was a check civil disobedience. It was mature man of forty-seven decided to appeal to the National touchables not only that one foryears, and one of authority in Congress to discard the civil dishis home, he had to come steal- obedience movement. bidden road, but all the roads thily for fear his relatives might hear of his intentions. -Po O. Philip. that had been forbidden to them in Southern India. Untoucha- bility in India is dying."

-Alice Stone Blackwell, in The World Tomorrow.

[241]

A Christian Party megal not the case. Many non-Chris- the other section, thirty-nine have tians feel that just as sterling taken the stand. The headman of Under the special ordinances has gone off the gold standard, the village remains outside, and like promulgated by the Viceroy all Christianity in several of these many other chiefs is determined to organizations connected with countries has gone off the Christ cause trouble. The Christians of the the Indian National Congress standard. In his 'History of north section have asked that they and having sympathies with it Japanese Religion' recently pub- be allowed to go over to the other can be declared to be illegal. The lished, Dr. M. Anesaki of the side. Permission was refused, and Christian Nationalist Party of Tokio Imperial U n i v e r sit y they are told that they must not even Bombay has now come under writes: 'Many people call mod- erect a building for worship. Furthis ban. It was composed of ern civilization Christian, but it thermore, if they continue in the faith Christian. Indians of various de- is evident to every unbiased ob- they must remove themselves to a nominations, including the Ro- server that Christianity is not place far from the village and from man Catholic, who were in sym- taking the lead in civilization, their rice lands. The converts remain pathy with the Congress. To but is struggling to accommo- firm-they have decided to erect their avoid the arrest by Government date itself to it.' This is the place of worship and await the headthe committee of the party has view of educated Indians." The man's move. Weare looking forward been dissolved. Reformer adds, "Indians outside to a gratifying increase among the Christianity are reconstructing Tangkhul Christians in the near fu- Plain Speaking ture. There are more than 400 con- verts in this village of Tushen. A British officer in charge of for themselves the Christ idea." Criminal Tribes Work in Shola- – Watchman-Examiner. pur believes that the only perma- Indian Scholar's Testimony nent way of reclamation is the CHINA one that leads to Christian citi- Mr. Chunilal Mukerji, Bengali zenship. After visiting a Boys' Christian scholar and author The Commercial Press Loss Reformatory in the same dis- who accepted Christ in 1922, in trict an English judge declared an article contributed to Dnyan- The American Bible Society to those in charge, "these people odaya, says: lost valuable books and plates need what you and the Christian through the destruction of the religion can do for them." A I regard the New Testament as of- Commercial Press in Chapei, non-Christian instructor arose fering the most complete religion to Shanghai. Two members of the in a staff conference with repre- human beings: First, because it is Bible Society's native staff who sentatives from all over the based on love as shown by its un- resided in the war area were presidency and said: "The Scout wearied attemp,ts at the alleviation of also reported missing. The Comand Guide movements are good human suffering. mercial Press was the largest so far as they go, but they do not publishing plant in Asia, and go far enough. These people Secondly, it grew out of actual employed about 1,500 workers. dealings with men and women of di- It printed many of the Scripneed something more vital than verse natures which oftentimes proved tures published by the Amerimoral training. They need re- a source of unspeakable tribulation, can Bible Society in Chinese and ligion." When someone asked: as the epistles of St. Paul ceaselessly printed much other Christian lit- "But it was the Hindu religion exemplify. erature. The loss in investment for which you were pleading, was about $3,000,000. was it not?" he replied, "No, Thirdly, it meets, as such, the manthese Criminal Tribes need a ifold requirements of human life. Christianity in China way of life that will teach them to live together in love. The Fourthly, it inculcates spiritual The Christian Church has Mohammedan religion does not principles which are not so abundant- been steadily growing in China teach us that; nor does the Hin- ly found in non-Christian scriptures for a century. The fact that its du religion. I mean the Chris- and which are capable of endless di- membership is much larger than tian religion." versification. that of the Nationalist Party is in itself eloquent. What is, how- Fifthly, it is not a complacent rev- ever, of far greater moment is eling in pious speculation, but a body that it has a group of leaders of of utterances begotten of the deep whom Dr. Cheng Ching-yi, sec- travail of consecrated hearts. retary of the National Christian Council of China, is an out- Sixthly, it embodies a system of standing example-men of cour- unimpeachable ethics. age, brain, will, and sacrificial devotion. The National Chris- Seventhly, every word of this won- tian Council, on Dr. Cheng's in- derful faith is sealed with blood, for spiration, has called all the almost all the apostles died martyrs. Christian community in China in this hour of peril to their land "Oft' the Christ Standard" Four Hundred Converts not to make Christians National- ists, but to make the nation A Hindu newspaper, The In- . From the northeast area of Christian. A concrete educationdian Social Reformer, comments Manipur State, Assam, are re- al, evangelistic and social "Five on the report of the Lindsay ports of new villages having Year Plan" of action for doub- Commission on Christian Higher yielded to the claims of Chris- Education: "Throughout their tianity. A Baptist missionary, report the commissioners tacitly William Pettigrew, of Kangpokassume that Christianity is to- pi, tells of what is going on in day the same stable factor in Tushen: the countries from which mis- The village of more than 100 houses sions come as it was seventy is in two sections; the whole of one section, forty-six houses, has accepted years ago. This, of course, is Christ. Of the fifty-four houses in

OUR WORLD-WIDg OUTLOOK

ling the membership of the 46% were Christians with most hear the devil laughing, Christian community and edu- church affiliations. Religious "What can you do now?-I have cating it for the service of God work has been carried on as finished him." and man in China is being vig- usual, and has been quite· satis- -Dr. William H. Dobson, orously prosecuted, a spiritual factory, in spite of troublous Yeungkong, China. counterpart to the Soviet Five times. Fellowship Groups and Year Plan of economic advance. Bible classes were organized at Military Occupation The New Government the beginning of the term, and Owing to the large number of government troops gathered in Christian leadership appears they have been well attended. Yencheng, Honan, to fight the to be less prominent in the new The work of the Seminary is rebel army, every available government than in its prede- prospering. A new constitution building was commandeered for cessor. Nevertheless Christian- billeting the troops. The generity is more free from attacks has been worked out, definitely al and his headquarters staff octhan was formerly the case. defining the relation of the Sem- cupied the mission compound. With the exception of Kiangsi and perhaps parts of Hupeh, inary to the University. Twelve Two machine guns were on the ground with the gunners students are in attendance. En- tire enrollment in the Univer- sity is 1,988.

where communists are active, Superstition and Doctors standing by and the guard with Christians go about their work fixed bayonets. In spite of this much as usual. Christian schools In South China if a person is formidable appearance of the are going forward, though there too ill to recover he must not be entrance to the church, hundreds are losses in elementary schools, allowed to expire in a hospital of Christians passed through and one senses a more hopeful or any other strange house, or this gate as usual for services.

spirit throughout the whole his spirit will haunt his earthly This is only one of many mili- Christian movement. home. tary occupations in recent years.

Hopeful Reaction Some time ago I was called to After the evacuation the mis- see a young man in great pain. sionary returned to find his resi- A reaction from the law pro- While on the way I met a sedan dence among the other buildings hibiting religious teaching in chair with the patient sitting up- occupied. Three months later schools is apparent among the right, undergoing the bouncing the soldiers vacated, leaving a pupils. Tunghsien reports that which the stiff chairs and poles legacy of dirt and vermin which there is whole-hearted partici- make in this region. After all made the succeeding summer pation in all religious activities sorts of methods to relieve his months very trying. at Goodrich Girls' School. There obstruction, his folks were told is a "Church Members' Meet- that an operation was the only The Yencheng church suping," with an average attend- way to save his life; that he had ports its pastor and other Chrisance of fifty, and a Bible class of six chances out of ten to live. tian workers, and is trying to from eighteen to twenty mem- The father of the young man reach out into its parish of a bers. From sixty to ninety girls consented to the operation, but million souls with the Gospel. attend church every Sunday the women said "No!" The last annual conference was attended by eight hundred morning and every girl in the They took the boy home to die Christians from various parts of senior class is either a member because they were afraid if he the district and the messages or on probation. All this is ab- died away from home his spirit from the Word of God were a solutely voluntary. The girls would haunt them, seeking his means of blessing and inspirasing hymns before they go to home. tion to many hearts. Fifty out bed, as they used to do in the old With every patient brought to of many candidates examined days. the hospital the doctor must for baptism were received.

The Rev. George W. Shepherd, state that he is sure the treat- Pray for an increase during now in Ingtai, reports that every ment will cure. If not, they this year in spite of flood, brigboy and girl in the two mission take away the patient. andage, and civil strife.

schools voluntarily attends both As a result of such supersti- -Rev. Ernest J. Davis, China church school and w,orship on tion only the girl slaves, con- Inland Mission. Sunday. In addition there are cubines and a low type of men fifteen volunteer teachers who submit to serious operations or meet weekly with the missionary JAPAN-CHOSEN and the pastor for teacher train- treatments. None of them go The Grievance Against Shanghai until they have tried the whole ing. University of Shanghai gamut-superstitious practices, Shanghai is the source of native quackery and old wives' much trouble for Japan, for it is potions. the headquarters of the efficient In 1930, 43% of the students By the time the patient lands organized boycott on Japanese in the University of Shanghai in the hospital he is a physical exports into China. It is also were Christians. In 1931, about and financial wreck-one can al- the headquarters of a Korean

"provisional government" which Selling Girls Since a large number of the has kept the movement for inde- The depression, according to theological students belong to pendence alive in Korea. Shang- the New York Times, has this church, they are trained in hai is also the source of consid- brought back to two villages in Sunday School and church work. erable communist propaganda the Yamagata Prefecture the which finds its way into Japan. practice of selling young girls. There are 12 elders, all of It is a center of industrial un- Out of 469 girls in West Kokuni them Japanese, three of whom rest, and from its shops have between the ages of fifteen and are women. There are 16 deagone tons of anti-Japanese prop- twenty-five, 110, in r e c e n t cons, five of whom are women. aganda. months, have been sold to the The Sunday School has an av- keepers of licensed brothels and erage attendance of 170. There Japan w ish e s to control more than 100 have been placed are 35 teachers and officers in Shanghai and the lower Yangtze as waitresses in cafes of tea its three departments. Then because of the economic poten- houses of ill repute in neighbor- there is a Ladies' Aid Society of tialities of its hinterland. Japan ing towns. The prices paid about 100 members; a .Men's formerly shared in the operation range from $150 to $400, but a Bible Class which meets once of huge smelters near Hankow, commission is deducted for brok- every week for study; a C. E. but these and her forty-two erage. This recurrence of a Society for college boys, and a great textile mills have suffered practice largely obsolete led to Junior Society for high school greatly from industrial unrest. inquiries by prefectural authori- students; two Lydia Societies The occupation of Shanghai and ties and the agricultural depart- for girls of Junior and Senior the lower Yangtze might lessen ment of the Imperial University. age; and a Y. M. C. A. for stuthese hostilities and permit Ja- It seems 85 per cent of the land dents of the Sendai Imperial pan to continue the exploitation of that county is covered by gov- University. of those invaluable minerals ernment forests in which the while trade, relieved of the peasants have no rights. The -Dr. Elmer H. Zaugg. weight of the boycott, expands. amount of arable land is not great enough to support the Increase of Religious Sects -The Christian Century. people, and some years ago the district purchased from the gov- The phenomenal development The Influence of Christianity ernment some of the waste of various religious cults among woodland. This cost half a mil- the Japanese proves their desire No amount of sophistry will lion dollars of which West Ko- for assurance of spiritual realihide the fact that it is the Chris- kuni, with a population of about ties in a world of stress and tian workers and Christian 4,700, had to undertake $7,500. strain. The "Human Way" cult, civilization that have lifted Taxation has risen and the vil- though less than five years old, Japan above the darkness of old lage is now in arrears more than is said to have 200,000 adherideas and backward customs, $15,000. Salaries are unpaid ents, among whom are educaand put her on the path of prog- and this year, to add to the dis- tors, government officials and ress and higher culture. tress, crops failed. military leaders. It is signifi- cant that few of these sects offer Let us ask who it was that A Live College Church any material or economic adtaught us in this struggle for vantages, though some promise uplifting ourselves! The answer healings of bodily infirmities to is perfectly simple. The Chris- the most faithful.

tians and Christian ideas of love, When the North Japan Chris- National Presbyterian Ohurch humanity, justice, and proprie- tian College in Sendai grew larg- of Korea ty, therefore Christianity. J ap- er we came to feel the need for The National Presbyterian a n e s e Christians professing a religious organization within Church of Korea has been ortheir belief in the Bible and go- the school that would exert a ganized eighteen years. It is a ing to churches may not be large, thoroughly self-respecting, indebut the Japanese men and wom- direct Christian influence upon pendent Church; has adopted and revised its own standards; en who think as good Christians the students and that would and incidentally has developed a do without knowing it, and are provide facilities for training group of constitutional lawyers propagating and acting up to fully able to hold their own with the students to do Christian the sargons of Presbyterianism, Christian ideas are innumerable. work after they left the school. whether in Scotland or the In fact, it may be said without So about eight years ago the United States. It faces its reexaggeration that if Christian- sponsibilities unafraid; ordains ity as a religion be making but school church was organized its workers, conducts its mission slow progress in Japan, the work at home and abroad; han- Christian ideas may be said to with 93 charter members and have already conquered the . each year the number has incountry. creased by about 100, so that now there are about 758 mem- bers. From the standpoint of numbers it is one of the largest -Japan Times. churches in this part of Japan. dles its finances; encourages its

OUR WORLD-vYIDE OUTLOOK

woman's work; administers dis- ISLANDS OF THE SEA gard it as a sacred trust. Aloha from cipline; guards its prerogatives the Hawaiian Islands and a merry carefully; at the same time it co- Aloha Na Makamaka Hawaii Christmas to the American Board! operates most cordially and fraternally with the missions labor- Across nearly six thousand The Independent Church ing side by side with it for the miles-from Boston to Honolulu accomplishment of the big task -the first radio-telephonic mes- The Aglipayan Church of the of evangelizing the 20,000,000 of sage was sent Wednesday eve- Philippines is a combination of Korea's population. Only one- ning, December 23, 1931, from about 10 per cent high church fortieth of the people are as yet New England to Hawaii, and a Episcopalianism, about 85 per Christian. brief conversation carried on cent of the kind of nationalism between the American Board represented in America by the A Marvel of Modern History and the Hawaiian Evangelical D. A. R., the old guard Republi- Association, and 111 churches cans and the American Legion, In a period of forty years a of six nationalities in Hawaii. and about five per cent of the thousand Christian churches worship of science. have been established in Korea. Dr. Leavitt delivered the first The growth of the Christian formal radio-telephonic message Doctrinally, the Aglipayan or communities, the early natural- between New England and Independent Church has evolved iuition of Christianity in the Honolulu. He said in part: to the place where it is as far Korean environment, and the from Rome in belief as the far-reaching influence of the re- On this historic occasion the Amer- Philippines is removed from ligion on the thought and life of ican Board of Commissioners for For- Rome in distance, the Catholic the people, have been remark- eign .Missions greets again the Ha- Dictionary to the contrary not- waiian Evangelical Association in the withstanding. Bishop Aglipay able, and the present day Ko- fellowship of a great and common in various statements has speci- purpose. fically repudiated the Catholic rean is awakening under the in- doctrines of the supremacy of For 112 years strong ties have the pope, transsubstantiation, fluence of Western culture. One bound the best that is in America to the adoration of Mary, the celi- the best that is in the Hawaiian bacy of the priesthood, the has only to walk through the Islands, ever since that famous band priest's power to forgive sins, of missionaries embarked on the brig ecclesiastical indulgences, and streets of certain cities on any Thaddeus for the Sandwich Islands in purgatory. On the other hand 1819. his movement is equally fa; Sunday and notice the number f.rom Protestantism. Every Ag- The first act of communication re- hpayan church has its images of closed business shops to un- quired 159 days to complete. Today and every priest wears robes derstand something of the great Boston speaks to Honolulu not only much like those of the Catholic lip to lip, in an instant of time and Church. Although Aglipay was impact that Christianity has annihilating space, but in a deeper friendly with Protestant groups, sense, from soul to soul. there has been a gradual withmade on this land. Christian drawal until now there is little progress in Korea is partly indi- The reply from Honolulu was or no contact. This is largely heard through seven sets of ear due to the strange mixture of cated by the following statistics phones distributed among those ultra-moderJ.ljstism in theology, taken from "The Korean Mis- present. The Hawaiian friends ultra-CatholIc practices, and ul- were assembled in the Throne t r a-nationalistic preachments sion Year Book" for 1928: Room of the Capitol building in which the Independent Church Honolulu. Mr. Arthur Alexan- presents. Total missionaries. . . . . . . . . . 491 der, vice-president of the Ha- waiian Board, said: -The Christian Century. Churches or groups.. . . . . . . . 4,147 Friends .of the American Board: ANew Mission Boat Communicants or full mem- The change that has taken place since the first missionaries arrived in Mrs. Henry W. Peabody is rebers .'……………… . 111,134 March, 1820, is almost incredible. joicing that God has provided Today we are conversing directly with means for the purchase of the Catechumens or probationers 64,697 you in Boston. In 1820 it took over Fukuin Maru. The Association a year to get even a simple question of Baptists for Evangelism in Baptized children ……… . 22,039 answered. We cannot realize the iso- the Orient will operate the boat lation of the early missionaries to in a group of the Philippine Is- Other adherents ………. . 58,318 Hawaii and the hardships that they lands which are now without suffered. In less than f.orty years missionaries. Mrs. Peabody's Sunday Schools, adult and they had made of them a Christian own enthusiastic words written nation. from Orlando, Florida, are: primary …………… . 4,763 They did more than christianize Our prayers are answered and the Sunday School scholars …. . 220,335 Hawaii. They helped the Hawaiian check for the purchase of the Fukuin Government to maintain its inde- Teachers in Sunday Schools. 14,370 pendence. They founded the present school system, and paved the way for Bible Classes (four days or the racial harmony and c.ooperation that is one of the features of our life longer ……………… 3,285 today.

Bible Class attendance, men. 49,218 In 1863 y.our board withdrew its support and transferred the local Bib 1e CIa s s attendance, work to the Hawaiian board. We re- women .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,667 Korean contributions, 1927, yen ………………… 1,245,757 Korean contributions, 1925, yen ………………… 1,147,149 The average gain in number of communicants was an average of 24 per cent, while the average gain in giving was 250 per cent.

–Dnyanodaya.

Maru is in my hands. The cost of training in Sunday schools or meet the increasing needs conmaintenance will be kept down to the otherwise. It is clearly evident fronting it. In addition to all very lowest figure. We can save much that one of the most effective its regular work, it is now act- ways to combat the crime prob- ing as a central agency for the by having our students serve as crew. They will have plenty of time f.or evangelistic work while the ship is in lem in Chicago and other cities relief of the unemployed people port. The zone where the boat will operate is not in the typhoon zone. is to plant the church firmly in of our church. The society is The captain feels perfectly safe in every community with an ag- doing this work most wisely, eftaking his family with him for six fectively and sympathetically." gressive missionary program. The society has increased its months of the year, and his wife is -The Churchman.

such a finely equipped Bible teacher Mohammedan Activities original budget through the centhat she can be a whole faculty if tury from $1,000 to $375,000, needed – especially as the boys will Many Moslems live in New have had some training in the Bible York and vicinity. Most of these and this winter finds its re- School in Manila. come from Syria, Palestine, Tur- sources taxed to the breaking key, Persia, North Africa, Iraq, point with the ceaseless appeals NORTH AMERICA from destitute families.

League of Evangelical Students Arabia and India, and little is The Need for Volunteers being done to bring them into About six years ago the Na- living contact with Christ. Last The missionary enterprise has tional Young Men's Christian year a Christian Armenian, Esa a living challenge to Christian Association organized an inter- Kazazian, from Baghdad, began students of the present generaseminary conference. Some dele- to do work among them, distrib- tion, as was clearly shown at gates desired a doctrinal basis, uting Christian literature and the Buffalo Student Volunteer and, failing to secure it, organ- seeking to win them to Christ. Convention. The opportunity for ized, at Pittsburgh, an inter- Mr. Kazazian was backed in this missionary service is reported by seminary and inter-collegiate work by the American Bible a large number of the mission body with the following article Society, the American Tract So- boards. This reveals a significant in its constitution: ciety, and the American Chris- and urgent need. Nearly 600 Qualifications for membership in the tian Literature 'Society for Mos- openings are definitely financed, lems. Most of these Moslems and 250 other calls, are provileague shall be faith in the Bible as work in factories, and, as Mr. sional on special funds. For the infallible Word of God, and acceptance of the fundamental truths of the Christian religion, such as: The Kazazian says, "are astonished evangelistic work there is urgent Trinity, the virgin birth of Christ, need for 229 ordained men and to learn that some one in Amer- 133 trained women. The edu- His divine and His human nature, His ica cares for their souls." cational field requires 67 men substitutionary atonement, His resurrection from the dead, and His com- A colporteur observed that Mohammedans have lately been and 176 women with adequate ing again.

The League of Evangelical working among Negroes in the preparation and personal quali- Students has gone on success- Pittsburgh region. The Mohamfully and now is planning to es- medan argument is: "Christians fications. Hospital work and tablish in every institution of brought you here as slaves and pioneer medical service calls higher education in North Amer- have oppressed you. We Mo- for the consecrated skill of 67 ica a group devoted to the pro- hammedans are all brothers. The men physicians, 44 women phymotion of spiritual life, and to Bible says Jesus was buried in the propagation of New Testa- Palestine; but here we have a sicians, and 98 nurses. Other ment Christianity. picture of his tomb in India." specialized tasks demand trained agriculturists, carpenters, treas- Chicago a Mission Field There is a definite need for mis- urers, an experienced librarian sionary work to fortify Negroes and a college president.

The need is for intelligent and Chicago offers one of the and others with the Scriptures. earnest Christian youth moved by the spirit of Christ and posigreatest missionary fields in the world, the Ven. Frederick G. Protestant Episcopal Mission tive faith and conviction-and Centenary with adequate preparation. Deis, Archdeacon of Metropoli- tan Chicago, declared. He esti- The 100th anniversary of the Jews Turning to Jesus mated that 25,000 Episcopalians Protestant Episcopal City Misare "lost" to the church in Chi- sion Society of New York City In an Orthodox synagogue of cago at the present time through was celebrated in January at Brooklyn not long ago, during lack of a sufficient missionary special services at the Cathedral certain days of repentance and program and machinery for of St. John the Divine. Bishop prayer, Jews were seen lying on keeping in touch with a shifting Manning, president of the or- their faces crying to God for metropolitan population. ganization, paid the following protection upon them and their Statistics show that the aver- tribute to its growth and useful- persecuted brethren, especially age age of gangsters range from ness: in Russia. One elderly Jew liftseventeen. to twenty-two years. "The society has stretched its ed up his hands towards heaven, Statistics also prove that few of facilities to meet each new op- and in an agony of soul cried our gangsters ever had any portunity and has striven to out: "Oh that Thou wouldest

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

rend the heavens, that Thou wegian Lutheran Church and an ancient horn to call his people wouldest come down. Lord, send the Augustana S y nod. The together for worship. our Messiah, and should the Council held its second annual Jesus of the gentiles be the one, meeting in Chicago on Janu- Last spring the mission cared grant us a sign that we may be ary 26. for the natives in Kokrinnes sure and forgive our guilt Village during the epidemic of toward Him." A changed atti- Interracial Cooperation in influenza. The ninety-four miles tude toward Jesus Christ is in Tennessee between the two villages was evidence, and though inadequate covered by dog-teams spaced in yet shows that contempt is giv- It is encouraging to note the relays to make a continuous ing way to recognition. In a improvement in interracial rela- journey. Baltimore publication, The Med- tions in the southern states. The iator, was an account of a me- activities reported by James D. -The Churchman. morial service for Jesus, which Burton, Secretary of the Interopened with a reading of the racial Commission of Tennessee: LATIN AMERICA Sermon on the Mount. is cheering. Many conferences have been held in the past year Will Mexico be Dry? The Rabbi's sermon consisted and city and county leaders have of six reasons why Jews should been enlisted in the w 0 r k Temperance is making headregard Jesus as a great teacher: throughout the state. Close con- way in Mexico and steps are be- tact is maintained with state ing taken to make the nation (1) Because He lived as a Jew, departments of health, educa- dry. The movement is sponmingled with Jews, and observed their tion and various institutions sored not only by church organfestivals. (2) He died as a Jewish looking to the improvement of izations and women's societies, patriot, for principles and convictions. community life in race relations. but is also promoted by the Gov- (3) His religion was the religion of Better accommodations for col- ernment. In 1929 President Gil the synagogue. He taught the father- ored people have been provided initiated an anti-alcohol camhood of God and the brotherhood of in some localities, an anti-lynch- paign, and began propaganda in man. (4) Jesus was a Jew in His ing bill has been endorsed by schools and other Government criticism of the Jews of His day. (5) white leaders, more adequate organizations; he ordered tem- Jesus was a Jew in that He influenced police protection in Negro com- perance programs regardless of the Jewish race by His personality. munities; better economic and the personal opinion of the In other words, because Jesus was a educational conditions h a v e teachers. Though the present kinsman of the Jews they became of been promoted and morals have administration does not push the world importance. (6) Jesus was a been improved. There is great campaign as did Mr. Gil, the Jew in His influence on the history of need for better state institutions movement has a momentum that humanity. He introduced the ideas of for juvenile delinquents, the will not stop. A recent law Judea into the whole universe. feeble-minded, the sick and the closes saloons from Saturday helpless. Adequate protection, night till Monday morning. Hav- Lutheran Home Mission Council justice and opportunity should ing the saloons closed this one be given to all. day, the biggest spending day of This Council for North Amer- the week, has made a great imica was organized in 1930 to Alaskan News pre s s ion in Zitacuaro. The give encouragement and infor- prison keeper complained that mation in home mission work The United States Govern- he did not get enough men in jail and method; to study and sur- ment is using the old army post on Sunday to work the roads vey home mission fields; to adopt buildings at Fort Gibbon, Alas- during the week. Since Sunday principles according to which ka, as h 0 s pit a 1, orphanage, is the biggest market day, and home mission fields may be oc- school for the blind, etc., for the families come to town from cupied and worked without du- natives. Rowe Hall, which cares miles away, the enforcement of plication of effort and expense for the children, has more than this law is a genuine blessing. and without unfriendly compe- proved its worth, but it must be tition. To carry out this latter closed owing to lack of funds. Disturbance in Central America purpose, it is suggested that Deaconess Bedell of the Episcolocal Home Mission Councils be pal Church hopes to open it as The Central American States formed in all large Lutheran soon as she returns from her are still centers of earthquakes centers where there is a major- furlough. and of political upheavals. San ity of cooperating bodies. Such Salvador has had a recent shorta council has already been or- Henry Moses, mISSIOn lay lived rebellion· and in February ganized in metropolitan New reader and interpreter at the disturbances in San Jose, Costa York and has demonstrated the Protestant Episcopal Mission of Rica, caused the United States feasibility of this procedure. Our Saviour at Tanana is hord- Legation to be abandoned when Bodies cooperating in the na- ing services in the cabins of the the barracks across the street tional organization are the Unit- natives. Blind Paul, for thirty- were being bombarded. A rebeled Lutheran Church, American five years conducted them, using lious movement was led by Man- Lutheran Church, the Lutheran uel Castro Quesada, defeated Free Church, United Danish candidate for president. All Church, Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church of America, Nor-

streets were deserted and busi- been brought into the church. being fought for the right to be ness paralyzed. Costa Rica is a Little settlements and groups Protestants without detriment small mission field occupied by are holding their own services to their citizenship rights.

the Methodist Episcopal Church, in the absence of the missionary, Evangelical Christians are not the Anglicans and the Central and are looking forward eager- to be looked upon as the pro- American Mission. ly to his return visit. teges of foreigners and a for- Brazil Calls Loudly With Iquitos, Peru, as head- eign religion, but as one hundred quarters, missionaries of the In- per cent Peruvians with some- Brazil needs more mission- land South American Union thing in quality which the ordiaries, especially in the Amazon itinerate up and down the hun- nary Peruvian does not possess. valley and the central tablelands. dreds and thousands of miles of The Evangelical church seeks "The vast hinterland, now waterways, a work which has the regeneration of the individshrinking in size because of the only begun to bring results. This ual and aims to convert the comnew motor roads, demands an region has been and is still one munity to tolerance if not to active missionary campaign," of the "uttermost parts," and faith." says Dr. Erasmo Braga, out- with Tibet form the last two – World Dominion. standing Brazilian leader. There regions closed to the Gospel. EUROPE are twenty-three Protestant Protestant Rights in Peru Methodist Union in Britain missionary societies, with about five hundred missionaries, in- The Rev. John Ritchie of Peru A few years ago there were cluding wives, at work in about writes that the maximum of self- five Methodist denominations in eighty stations in Brazil. The government ought to be the nor- Great Britain: the Wesleyan, native Christian staff numbers mal procedure in a Christian the Primitive, the United Free, 713, of whom 250 are ordained Church whose members are led the New Connection, the Bible men. The Evangelicals have 750 of the Holy Spirit. He says: Christians. Then there were organized churches, with over "The native church should be three: the Wesleyan, Primitive 122,000 communicant members, foreign only to the extent of its and the United, which gathered not counting the 350,000 mem- heavenly character and not on in the other two. bers of the German Lutheran account of its earthly deriva- In September, 1932, there will Church in the southern states. tion." be only one. The present population of Brazil Mr. Ritchie says that converts The union has been achieved is over forty million. Thousands are insisting on their status as with patience and goodwill on of cities and towns are un- Peruvians as well as Christians. all sides. Each church has its touched by the Gospel; the vast It is the policy of the church of own distinctive traditions, which interior, with over 1,000,000 In- Rome to exclude Protestants have gathered around them the dians, is practically unreached. from the cemeteries. But the radiance of many memories. Evangelical Christians, under But the union will be complete World's Sunday School Mr. Ritchie's advice, insist on and there will be no minority Convention their rights as Peruvian citizens keeping out of the new church.

The first assemblage of Chris- to use the village cemetery. An African in Liverpool tians from all over the world to "This stand has been successbe held in South America will be fully taken throughout the inte- A convert of Mary Slessor of the World's Sunday School As- rior towns and villages and in Calabar, named Ekarte, went to sociation Convention in Rio de many places Protestants have sea and found himself stranded Janeiro, July 25-31. At least been allowed to use the pub- in Liverpool, where he was led fifty nations will be represented. lic cemetery, thus establishing to undertake the help of other A youth conference will be a precedent which will be diffi- Africans who came on steamers one of the features. In addition cult to overcome. The native to the port. He visits all the to the main program, institutes Christian desires to avoid taking ships which carry African and seminars will be held for a any course which would make crews so that now the men more intensive study of Chris- them a community apart from know him and look to him for tian education in its world-wide their fellow countrymen. help in difficulty.

aspects. For the multitudes who . "The native Evangelical synod Ekarte lives in a little room cannot attend, but who are eager has also refused to establish in a poor quarter. There you to be personally identified with mission schools and is insisting may find him teaching colored the convention, there is an Inter- that their children be received men or children the catechism cessory Prayer Membership. into the state schools and be ac- or hymns or discussing pass- World's Hardest Field corded decent treatment by the port complications. Or he may nun-trained school mistresses: be rushing to the hospital or to During the last two years hos- As teachers become accustomed the police court to help an ar- tility and distrust on the part of to having the children of Evan- rested sailor. The hospitals are Amazonian Indians has been gelicals, intolerance wears down. miles away, and Ekarte has to overcome and 645 converts have The battle is not won but it is walk the whole distance once or

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

twice a week to visit all in which Its initial undertaking was at of the city councils and regional there are colored people. Mirzapur, United Provinces of congresses.

This convert of Miss SIessor India, buying the London Mis- Today in Spain there could be has absolute faith in prayer. sionary Society's £5,220 plant. employed as preachers and lec- A writer in Life and Work says: In West China it is working turers all the pastors working "On one occasion I brought a with Bishop Cassels, and in in all the Spanish-speaking parcel of food for himself, South China it has absorbed the countries. There are less than knowing that if I gave him Emmanuel Medical Mission at· a hundredth part of the workers money he would directly give it Nanning, formed by Dr. and needed, and these are so poor to others. When I presented it he Mrs. Lechmere Clift. In Burma that even those who receive the remarked that he had been pray- it has begun extensive missions highest salaries would be unable ing for three seamen who were and has taken over the Deaf and to eat in the United States, not destitute and starving and now Dumb School and Orphanage for to speak of rent and clothing.

the answer had come. Within evangelizing the eleven thousand The highest salary for a pastor four days he had got one of deaf mutes of Burma. in Madrid in terms of dollars them a position on a liner going North Africans in France would be $40 a month. Their back to Africa. A week later congregations are also poor.

he secured similar positions for At present there are about Germany and England are dothe other two." 110,000 North Africans, Ber- ing something but their help is -Ernest Gordon. bers, Arabs and Kabyls from meager. If the North Ameri- Algiers in France. Many of can boards working in Latin Religious Interest in England them have come in contact with America could help Spain at present they would help the The statistics published in the Prc)testant missionaries in their work in all Spanish-speaking official yearbook of the Church home lands and while in Paris countries, because Spain is now of England give grounds for an attend Protestant services. A becoming more and more the group of Mohammedans comes leader in all those countries. encouraging view of the state of regularly an hour's ride by bus religion in that country today. -Juan Ortz Gonzales. During 1930 there were in the to take part in the meetings and 12,801 Anglican parishes 420,- the driver, a Kabyl, leaves his Protestant Academies in 281 baptisms, or about 75 per bus parked in the street to go Germany cent of the total number of in himself. A former student of births registered in England in El-Ahzar University is an at- The most noticeable way of that year. Add the baptisms in tendant at services, and a Kabyl balancing the German budget Methodist, Congregational, Bap- who became a Christian and re- has been by reducing the salaries tist and other churches and it be- turned to his home country re- of state officials of all classes. comes evident that the number ports that, notwithstanding con- Particularly drastic is the deciof families that ignore religious stant peril of life, he has so far sion that out of 15 pedagogical observances must be small. For distributed about 1,250 portions academies, in which since the the attendances at religious wor- of the Bible among his people. war the ele~entary school teach- ship the yearbook estimates that A New Spain ers have been trained, only six the attendance of "adult regular will remain, and how long those worshippers" at Anglican serv- Last summer I traveled 4,500 will remain open is uncertain. ices is at least 6,500,000. The miles in Spain and talked with It is significant of present poaddition of Non-Conformist more than fifty Protestant pas- litical conditions that the nine Church worshippers would bring tors, representing different de- academies sacrificed are all the total number up to about 10,- nominations. Protestant, while the two Cath- 000,000. Though the number of Span- olic academies, and the one in ish Protestants is small (scarce- Frankfurt with no religious af- Bible Churchmen's Society ly 12,000 among more than 22 filiations, will continue their The Bible Churchmen's Mis- millions) , the Evangelical move- work. This means that the sionary Society was organized in ment has been an important fac- Catholic influence has bee n 1922 by members of the Church tor in bringing about the re- strong enough to protect their of England and in the seven public. Some of the secretaries cultural institutions, while the years of its existence its yearly in the present government were Protestants are not in sympathy income has passed from £25,144 pupils in Protestant schools, and with the present Prussian govin 1923 to £57,000 in 1930, in an are not ashamed to confess it in ernment. uninterrupted increase. It has public. I found everywhere -The Christian Century.

commissioned 116 British mis- that, among the most influential Religious Interest in Bulgaria sionaries and has 68 in training. men of this government, Prot., Ten of these are physicians and estantism is well thought of. A wave of religious interest there are already 87 native Some of our pastors have even seems to have appeared in the workers. It is pledged to pioneer been offered the office of provin- University of Sofia. Not only is advance wherever possible. cial governor or the presidency the Bulgarian Student Chris-

tian movement at a high point merly American Presbyterian pIe in evangelism; vacation Bible Schools; an aroused in its activity, but a strong Mission, Cameroons, and Mrs. "Health Sense"; intensive study of Egypt's agricultural removement among Russian stu- H. D. Hooper, formerly Church sources with a resultant lessen- ing of rural poverty; better dents has also come into promi- Missionary Society, Kenya, as roads-a challenge to the evan- gelist, and finally greater lennence. The three days' confer- associate editors. Mr. Hubert iency on the part of the govern- ment toward Christian instrucence of the Russian movement W. Peet, of the Far and Near tion.

in Sofia, just closed, was the Press Bureau, is managing edi- A Wordless Worship first ever held there, and one of . tor. Men calling themselves prophthe best held anywhere in recent ets have been a recurring feayears by Russians, according to Effects of Christian Education ture of the Christian movement in West Africa. More than a an experienced leader who was The answers given below were year ago such a man began to written by students at the close preach and heal on the western present. New cooperation be- of a year's course on "Problems border of the Ekiti country. His of Religion," given at the Amer- method is to pray, quote Psalms, tween all Russian student or- ican University at Cairo. lead in singing hymns, preach the coming of the end of the age, ganizations in the University of I used to believe that tying rags to then call on his hearers to sur- Sofia was one by-product of the tombs and lighting candles at them render their idols and confess would bring good luck, but now I be- their sins. Water brought by meeting. the credulous is blessed and lat- -Donald A. Lowrie in the er drunk for their healing. Tak- ing advantage of this awakened Christian Century. zeal, two missionaries of the C. M. S. opened work at Kpata, in Athens School of Religion Closes lieve nothing of that sort. This course the Bassa country. A school has made me see that true religion was started, although it had no equipment beyond a blackboard, The School of Religion at should lift the standard of my con- and a hundred children attend- Athens, the only surviving duct.-A Palestinian Moslem. ed. A dispensary opened and there were fifty patients a day. American Board school for the This course has strengthened my Last February a message came training of religious leaders for belief in a good God. – A Russian from villages in the bush: all of the Near East, is to be Atheist. "Please send us some one to help closed next June, according to us! We do not even know how I believe this course has taught me to pray." This it was impos- what true religion is. If I have sible to do but a few months lat- er another message came saying learned only this from the course, it that they had built a church. present plans. It is arranged is enough.-A Palestinian Moslem. They had given up their market that the training for leadership In primary schools, I learned that on Sunday, and met in the the Koran was the true word of God church; there they stand up, given at the New Bulgarian -perfectly correct, no mistakes and kneel, sit down, but no one says Seminary and at the Beirut no errors. I could not discuss with a word, for they do not know what to say, or how to pray. School for Religious Workers of my teacher that this was not right or he would have beaten me and might Basuto and Barotse the Presbyterian Mission may to have expelled me from school. – An some extent make up for the Egyptian Moslem. In the oldest field of the Paris loss, but the regrettable action Evangelical Missionary Society was unavoidable, owing to finan- -Recent Bull e tin of the -Basutoland-t h e church is cial conditions. American University. looking forward to celebrating its centenary in 1933. Basu- AFRICA Egypt's Problems and Progress toland feels the world depres- sion, but in spite of prevailing Listen to Africa Miss Finney of the American poverty the church maintains a Mission at Tanta, Egypt, out- healthy growth. The number The International Committee lines some of the problems met of declared new converts has on Christian Literature for Af- there. As rural mission schools risen from 2,000, the average rica has planned to issue a pe- are being replaced by the better riodical to be published six times equipped government schools, a year, for village people and the need arises for preaching school children in Africa. It centers to become the nucleus of will be called Listen, News from future churches. The increase Near and Far. The publication of government schools enlarges of the paper has been made pos- the reading public, thus calling sible by the generous financial for larger supplies of good readsupport of the American Com- ing material, and providing a mittee on Christian Literature widening opportunity. for Women and Children in Mission Fields. It will be pub- The national aspirations of lished in English, and it is present day Egyptians must be hoped that it will be read by met by inspiring the younger teachers and others who know generation to real service for English in the villages, and in their country. Addiction to narclasses in schools where English· cotics, the difficulties of converts is taught. The Rev. H. Stover from Islam and woman's posi- Kulp, of the Church of the tion under Islam never cease to Brethren Mission, Nigeria, is be problems. editor of the paper, with Miss Jean Kenyon Mackenzie, for- As to progress, Miss Finney 1i s t s decreasing fanaticism; greater interest of young peo-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

annual increase for years past, ans and the Chinese. Out of stantinople correspondent of the to 3,000. As to church contri- t his preliminary conference Manchester Guardian, particu- butions for support and exten- came plans for an International larly affects many foreign insti- sion, this year's diminution is Club. The Chinese and Indians tutions of education, which are only £740 (£7,302 as against favor the purchase of a build- m 0 s t I y missionary and are £8,042 in 1929), and of this ing at once. This absorbingly founded for religious purposes.

£7,302, £407 was for work interesting enterprise has met Angora claims to have estab- among their countrymen on the with the unanimous approval of lished religious liberty, but on Rand. The main development all races and should provide the the other hand monastic associ- is in the mountain region of the contacts out of which a spirit of ation is denied, and the Angora Maloutis, which occupy more understanding may develop be- leaders have abandoned Islam.

than two-thirds of the country, tween the vanguard of each There is no interference with reliand to which the increase of group. gious worship, and the mosques are population drives more and more -The Congregationalist. still well frequented by the working and lower middle-classes. Six thouinhabitants every year.. These WESTERN ASIA sand clergy, hodjas and imams and muezzins, are paid out of the budget have been ministered to by na- Three American Colleges of the state, though there has been tive evangelists, supervised by fully ordained native pastors, Seventy-six years ago a ship some protest. but the growing complexity of sailed from New York for the The Angora leaders do not think it the situation requires a Euro- Orient bearing two men of despean worker, and it is hoped tiny, Daniel Bliss and Tillman advisable for the organization of re- ligion to be outside state control. It that one may soon be installed. gives them a better hold on the preachers. But its semi-establishment -The Christian. C. Trowbridge, who with Cyrus does not mean its state recognition. Hamlin, already a missionary at It is really a police measure. Younger Generation Sacrifice Constantinople, were to be col- The Guardian's correspond- Many young Christians in An- lege builders in the Near East. ent finds an intellectualist, magola, West Central Africa, have Robert College, founded by Dr. terialist, modernist spirit, torefused positions that would Hamlin, is now in its sixty- gether with a natural reaction mean comparative wealth in or- eighth year. 'Syrian Protestant against all that was the foundader to continue teaching under College, founded by Dr. Bliss tion of the Imperial regime. conditions little short of pover- and now the American Univerty, reports Dr. Henry S. Hollen- sity of Beirut, is in its sixty- When it comes to interreli- fifth year. Dr. Trowbridge re- gious propaganda, the question beck, of Sachikela. They have turned to America sixty years dedicated their lives not only to ago to take the steps necessary is very different: the school activities but to evan- for the establishment of a third gelistic efforts. They find a college at Aintab, now Aleppo Here the Turks remain extremely growing desire for the Christian College. sensitive. Recently there have been message in unoccupied villages. several cases of protests and police This youngest of the three col- investigations regarding supposed leges received public endorse- conversions to Christianity effected by ment at the annual meeting of for e i g n educational institutions. the American Board in Salem in "They teach on meager allow- 1872, and was to embody plans Whenever such cases arise there is a ances, and one young man re- far in advance of the time. The popular call for the expUlsion of forfused a position as carpenter other two colleges had been eign educational orders and establishfor a prosperous company even chartered by the State of New after considerable pressure was York as American institutions, ments. brought to bear upon him, and The g,overnment sends investigators he was told he might name his own salary." and sometimes favors the idea of re- quiring that the directors of such in- stitutions shall be Turks. It is forced by public opinion to prevent all lib- erty of religious propaganda. Ango- ra's main preoccupation is to keep all Four Races Confer the ideal being a foreign college, its citizens very Turkish and na- tional. Chinese, Indians, Eurafri- independent of the mission, on A certain amount of Christian cans, Bantu, one Scotchman, an Turkish soil. The initiative for Englishman and an American the founding of the college at p,ropaganda does go on. The New sat down together recently and Aintab had come from the native Testament is now being translated discussed ways and means for churches. into the new Turkish language by a developing interracial under- committee in which Turks take part. standing in Johannesburg. The Religious Liberty in Turkey 2,000 Chinese have nothing in -Literary Digest. Liberty of worship in Turkey Wireless Station at Mecca common with the 10,000 Indi- appears to manifest itself large- The Moslem World (New ans, nor the Indians with the ly in religious indifference, ex- York) reports that the Marconi rest. The 30,000 Eurafricans cept among Christians. Company has asked the Egyp- are scarcely better off. The There is strong protest, some- tian government for a Moslem Bantu are constantly finding times followed by persecution, engineer of the State Telegraphs new friends among the whites, when Christians seek to convert to supervise the installation of but know little about the Indi- Moslems. This, says the Con- wi reI e s s apparatus in the

Hedjaz. Hamdi EI Kordi Ef- bic: "I am the Light of the separate the convert from the refendi will, before going to the ligious thought and feeling in which Hedjaz, visit London in order to World." obtain the necessary instruc- he was brought up and to attach him tions from the Marconi Com- MISCELLANEOUS NEWS to a new and foreign religion. Bepany. It is thought that the lieving that his own religion has been Moslems plan to open a wireless When the English Were Heathen finally determined for all time, he instation at Mecca. Missions are not modern! sists on unreserved acceptance of its According to Al-Muquattam Back in A.D. 598 Gregory made creed, ritual, and organization. (Ac- (Cairo), the Department of Pil- an appeal to Christian Africa cording to Basil Mathews, "the congrims in the Hedjaz reports the on behalf of pagan England. number of pilgrims arriving at Nearly 1,350 years ago he wrote vert to Christianity from another Mecca last year as follows: to Eubogius of Alexandria, in faith is a kind of spiritual scalp to northern Mrica: "The English hang up in our wigwam.") The actual The total was only 70,000, distrib- race, situated in the far corner u17te,~d17a;s Ifnodllioaw, s9:,62E0g; ySpyt,ri4a,,99321;9;JaPavla~ of the earth, has hitherto been ministry of Jesus gives us the true estme, 456; Sudan, 929; Yemen, 857; in unbelief, worshiping stocks conception of the missionary enter- Cape Colony, 71; Mesopotamia, 201' and stones. But, aided by your prise. Evangelism is the outflow of Algeria, 184; Afghanistan, 173; TUl': prayers, I sent a monk. Now, key, 279; Persia, 150; Hadramaut, letters have arrived telling me the divine love "which seeketh not its 130; Somali Land, 90; China, 85; and of his work. They show that he, own." Its supreme concern is with other countries, 2,268. Before the and those sent out with him, the life within the soul. The success World War the annual pilgrimage was shine amongst that nation with of the Hue evangelist is not in the three times as great as it is now. such miracles that they seem to number of ac,cessions which he is able imitate the mighty works of the to record, but in the spiritual influence apostles. At Christmas, more which he is able to exert, even though than 10,000 English people were such influence never issues in a single baptized. I tell you this that you may know what your accession. Where the mere proselytist might feel he had finished, the evan- prayers are doing at the world's end." gelist would feel that he had hardly -The Congregationalist. begun.

-The Congregationalist.

An Isolated Hospital Depression Brings Folks Back The hospital in Meshed, Per- "Reacting from the materialsia, is the only Christian hospi- ism of the decade that ended in tal for an area more than half 1929, mankind is finding its way the size of the United States. back to the church through the The nearest Christian hospital doorway of depression," said to the west is 560 miles away Bishop Wyatt Brown in adin Teheran. The nearest to the d res sin g the twenty-eighth southeast is 700 miles, as the Missionaries in Foreign Fields annual convention of the Diocese crow flies, at Peshawar. The A bulletin recently published of Harrisburg on January 26-27. nearest to the east is 3,000 miles by the graduate school of the "The economic situation in in Peking, across the whole American University, Washing- which we find ourselves is a breadth of Asia. The notice ton, D. C., presents the results challenge to the Church of boards at the head of the white of a study completed by the "cu- Christ. The appeal of the beds in the Meshed wards show mulative digest of international Church will be heard today as it patients from all over the lands law and relations," and gives has not been heard, yearningly of western and central Asia. some interesting figures con- and gladly, by thousands and Bag'hdad's New Religious Center cerning the number of missiona- thousands of the unchurched. ries now in service in foreign "Despite its unprecedented Several years ago Dr. Samuel countries. A total of 7,809 prosperity, the decade from M. Zwemer and Dr. James Can- American missionaries are now 1919 to 1929 had 'tragic results tine sought funds for a church stationed in 87 foreign coun- in the life of our people.' The to meet the needs of the native tries. Nearly one-half of these, American people were on a gaily Protestant congregation organ- or 3,712 missionaries, are lo- decorated toboggan, s lid in g ized by English missionaries in cated in the three countries of down a spiritual hill, amidst Baghdad. This organization, China, India and Japan. The great cheering, having lots of composed of families that had figure reported for American fun. Then came October, 1929. come out from the several Orien- missionaries in China is 1,846; God called His people home. The tal churches that make up the India, 1,351; Japan, 515. burden of poverty which has re- Christian minorities of the Near Evangelize or Proselyte sulted demands the Christian East, has always been independ- generosity and charity and deent of the United Mission, and A part of the Christian votion Qf us all." they wished a building of their Church is so afraid that it mig h t "proselyte" somebody Rev. Paul L. Warnshuis of Denver own that would be a real center that it hesitates to evangelize has been elected assistant director in for evangelistic work among anybody! Bernard Lucas in his its Department of City, Immigrant, Moslems at Baghdad. The build- book, Our Task in India, makes and Industrial Work, under the Presing is now completed and in- some significant distinctions: byterian Board of National Missions. cludes a chapel, seating over a Mr. Warnshuis will be superintendent hundred. A large plaque is in- The dominating idea of the pros- of Spanish-speaking work in the scribed with the words in Ara- elytist is the advancement of his own Southwest, an office to be left vacant particular religion. His aim is to by the withdrawal of Dr. Robert N. McLean.

Missionary

Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information The Negroes of Africa: History and known how to create and from which as the protector and succor of Culture. By Maurice Delafosse. 313 they are often able to obtain surpris- pp. $3.15. Associated Publishers, ing melodies, their recitative chants friendless children throughout Inc. Washington, D. C. and poetic improvisations, the ele- Great Britain.

This is a translation and a gance of the jewelry and the potteries Mr. Wesley Bready prefaces combination of three important which they manufacture and of cerlittle books by a former gov- the narrative of this great phiernor of the French Colonies and tain of their sculptures on wood and lanthropist and reformer with an outstanding authority on the on ivory, the design and the color of an interesting chapter on the African Negro. Maurice Dela- their mats and tissues, the good taste fosse, who died in 1926, was considered the leading authority on of their talent for ornamentation are history of social reform in Engthe peoples and languages of the incontestable proofs of artistic West Africa, where he spent faculties which are called upon to give land, directly attributing it to seventeen years. The book is an . the Evangelical Revival; and if extremely interesting compen- forth more and better than they have dium on African History and been able to do up to the present. in some instances the less con- Ethnology. The author holds that "the Negroes of Africa are The isolation in which natural bar- spicuous reformers were not not, properly speaking, autoch- riers have for too long a time closed thonous, but come from migra- their habitat has made of the African recognized as Christian in the tions having their point of de- Negroes, in relation to the more fa- Evangelical sense, they in turn parture towards the limits of the vored Europeans, backward peoples, Indian Ocean and the Pacific." found their inspiration and sup- The Pygmies or Negrillos, he be- or more exactly, retarded peoples: port from this source. lieves, are the autochthonous Africans. they have lost much time and they Dr. Barnardo was in early life greatly influenced by the writ- Succeeding chapters trace the will not be able to catch up in a day Development of Negro Civiliza- or in a century. But they have certion in Antiquity, Negro Africa tainly not said their last word and ings of Voltaire, Rousseau, and in the Middle Ages, the Euro- their history is not finished. Perhaps pean contacts with West Africa it is only beginning and this book is Paine, and probably would have and the Slave-trade, the Central only a preface. and Eastern Sudan; then fol- subscribed himself a skeptic. It lows an account of Native Po- S.M.Z. was the famous Irish revival litical Organizations, Social and which proved the turning point Family life, and Religious Beliefs and Practices. in his outlook when at the age of Dr. Barnardo: The Friend of Little seventeen he was led to Christ Each chapter is documented Children. By Wesley Bready. 271 with a select bibliography, al- pp. $2.50. Revell. New York. by his brothers. This period in though mostly French authori- his life is indicative of his subties are cited. There are four maps and an unusually full in- The Evangelical Revival of the sequent service. dex. Optimism, insight, and sympathy are rare qualities in 19th Century has been criticized The experiences immediately a book on the Negro, but they in that it limited the scope of the following his conversion have are all found here. He says: Gospel. Superficial observers been common to many. For a affirm that its chief concern was time he was strongly influenced It is impossible not to recognize with the souls of individuals and by Plymouth Brethren, but their that the African Negroes are remark- failed to recognize the signifi- interpretation of Scripture did ably gifted from the point of view of cance of what they term the "so- not give that freedom of soul he the arts. Their innate musical dispo- cial gospel." And yet it was dur- associated with Christian fellowsition, the instruments that they have ing this very period that the ship, and he became a member public conscience was awakened of the established church. There to prevailing evils. Wilberforce followed a season of deep mis- in the British Parliament be- sionary zeal coming under the came the protagonist of the slave influence of Dr. Hudson Taylor, trade; Plimsall espoused the and he volunteered for work in cause of sailors and introduced China, and it was while a medi- bills to insure greater safety to cal student in London, in prep- men who go down to the sea in aration for service in China, that ships; the Earl of Shaftesbury young Barnardo received the so identified himself with many. "call" for his life service among philanthropies as to make his the waifs, first in the slums in name cherished in the memory London and later throughout the of the nation; and Dr. Thomas United Kingdom. The incidents Barnardo became no less known connected with his changed life [253]

plans and the early experiences of 1,000 thoroughly trained therefore of great significance: "From conversion till death are frequently thrilling and COll- young artisans. Barnardo was an avowed Evanstitute a romance of city mis- In view of the service of this gelical. But this does not mean that his religion was static. sionary work. Like many others, indefatigable servant of God, Quite the contrary! The evolu- tion of his convictions is appar- Barnardo found "the reward of this great reformer and social ent. In youth, under the influservice more service" and grad- worker, it seems strange that no ence of Brethrenism, he inclined to the belief that the Lord's Taually to his numerous duties was state honor was bestowed upon ble should be open only to the immersed. In middle age, a libadded evangelistic work. him in recognition of his eral non-conformist, he was much less concerned about doc- As his work expanded he be- achievements. But Eng I and trines and dogmas as such: while during his last twelve came conscious of evils requir- never conferred upon him the years, a lay-reader in the Church of England, he was ready to coing legislative action and Dr. coveted prize of her citizens, operate with all, whatever their affiliation, if only they 'loved the Barnardo, the medical home either knighthood or baronetcy. Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity and truth.' " missionary, became the states- These years of unremitting laman reformer. His arduous la- bors were not without oppo- W. R. MOODY. bors were supplemented by the sition. Nothing invites critihsuepavpyortbuorfdehnis owf otrhke, feivnearnciinal- A Merry Mountaineer. By R. W. cism or even bitter opposition Howard. 93 pp. Is. Church Miscreasing calls for his help in like evidences of success. Dr. sionary Society. London. 1931. evangelistic work and consulta- Barnardo experienced trials of This is not the story of a tion with government officials in nearly every character. Reli- mountain dweller, but of a young Englishman, Clifford Harris, plans. The extent of his activi- gious bigotry was perhaps the who, as a teacher in the Stuart Memorial School in Isfahan, ties was almost superhuman. cause of his greatest trial, but Persia, found delight in moun- tain climbing. For three and a "Throughout the forty years of . gossip was also circulating im- half years his work in the school was teaching English, his rescue work it is doubtful if pugning his motives, charging but he also led the boys in ath- letic sports and at the summer he averaged six hours' rest per ill-treatment of the very children camp in swimming and hiking. night," says the biographer, he so dearly loved, and even "and often, for months, he accusing him of misuse of funds It became his custom to go out worked sixteen to eighteen hours entrusted to his care. Through to the villages on the weekly a day." these trials he emerged with Friday holiday, tramping and dragging a sled with his kit and The full results of Dr. Bar- greater public esteem and fully a lantern and slides to show pic- tures on the life of Christ to the nardo's work can never be exonerated in each case. villagers. The call of the vil- lages was to him overwhelming. known. Some idea of conditions To what may the phenomenal He wrote: "These little groups always thrill me; we have so in London's east end early in the success be attributed? Others much to share and give, for their religion has not the same spirit- 19th Century may be realized by have had genius in organization, ual power in it as ours and is not joyful." One secret of his winthe fact that "74.5 per cent of others have had a similar capac- ning personality was his joy- that "radiance" that characterall the children of the slums in ity for unremitting labors, and ized the early Christians. He hoped to make it his life work the metropolis died before their others have had equal training, "to live in the villages among the Persians like a Persian," fifth birthday." One wonders but their labors have not thus even planning to support him- self as a tinker, and also giving how any could have survived the been crowned by any such suc- simple remedies.

terrible unsanitary conditions cess. There may be various an- In the bitter winter of 1930, and moral degradation in which swers, but it is of interest to so many lived. Ignorance, know that to which Dr. Barnar- drunkenness, and all forms of do himself assigned the suc- immorality were widespread. cess. Once, when asked to what In this atmosphere Dr. Barnar- he attributed the extraordinary do found hoards of destitute fact that 98 per cent of those children inured to vice, aban- who had gone from his "Homes"

doned by their natural guardi- to the colonies had made good, ans, and constituting a grave he replied without hesitation, menace to the future as well as "Every boy and girl that goes the present. After forty years from our care I personally inter- he achieved the extraordinary view on their relationship to record of having "fathered sixty Christ. To this I assign every thousand children" whom he had degree of success that has been rescued from the untold evils attained."

and misery of their surround- Even a sympathetic biogra- ings and trained for some useful pher cannot adequately delineate occupation. The modest expendi- the essential characteristics of ture of two hundred pounds his subject. Those of us who grew during his life to an an- knew and loved the great doctor nual budget of $1,000,000, with are indebted to Mr. Bready for an average daily enrollment of the portrayal he has given of 7,000 and an annual migration this great soul. His summing party to Canada and Australia up of Dr. Barnardo's religion is

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

when there was great destitu- the Panjab; and third, the pro- Negro Year Book: An Annual Ency- clopedia of the Negro, 1931-1932. tion, he helped feed 250 starving ceedings of the Presbyterian By Munroe N. Work. 544 pp. people a day. He contracted ty- Centennial Celebration includphus fever, and in delirium he ing three masterly addresses by $2.00. Negro Year Book Publishwas still climbing mountains. Dr. Robert E. Speer, on the ing Co., Tuskegee Institute, Ala- bama.

On the morning he died he said: Founders and the Foundations, All who are interested in the "It will be great up the moun- Elisha P. Swift, and Walter supreme national racial problem tain with Jesus." To quote Lowrie. It was the latter, of the United States will welfrom his last sermon: "Faith Walter Lowrie, who declared in come this new edition of an means a passion, an enthusiasm, 1847: "The Pre s b y t e ria n annual which has won its way as a consuming zeal, that eats up Church is a Missionary Society the standard work of reference everything. " the object of which is to aid in on matters relating to the the conversion of the world, and Negro. The present edition is a ANNIE RHEA WILSON. every member of this Church is distinct improvement on earlier a member for life of said So- ones. The material is new and in- Missions Matching the Hour. By Ste- ciety, and bound to do all in his cludes practically every aspect of phen J. Corey. 8 vo. 184 pp. 50 power for the accomplishment cents. Cokesbury Press. Nashville. of this object." interracial relationship. There 1931. are special chapters on Racial As we read the story of these Consciousness, Discrimination Changing conditions at home great founders who laid the Against the Negro, Segregation, and abroad present a new chal- foundations of a world-wide The Negro and Politics, and the lenge, new needs, new problems missionary enterprise through Progress of the Negro Race, and new opportunities to the the Presbyterian Church, recall both as property owners and in Church of Christ. Dr. Corey, their sacrificial love, noble, un- agriculture and business. Imthe President of the United selfish service, we can not help Christian Missionary Society, wonder why the church today portant inventions made by presents the case briefly, clearly cannot dream as nobly and dare Negroes during the past five and effectively. First he studies as boldly as did these great years are listed as are the names "Missions under Fire" and the predecessors. of those who earned scholastic effectiveness of Christianity it- distinction and are known in the self is challenged. He meets the S. M. Z. world of literature. The progcritics with facts rather than ress of Negro education and of with theories; he challenges the The Friendly Farmers. By Elizabeth the work of the church are enmodern spirit of secularism and Harris and Gertrude Chandler couraging. The statistics are shows the need of the world to- Warner. 12 mo. cloth, $1.00; pa- seemingly accurate and cover day, the need of the Church and per, 75c. Friendship Press. New such matters as the Distribution the ability of Christ to meet York. 1931. of Population, Mortality and these needs. Pastors of all de- Lynching. There is an excellent nom ina t ion s will find this This course for Primary boys account of the Negro in Latinvolume especially suggestive .in and girls on rural life around America, in E u r 0 p e and in preparing sermons on the Chns- the world is written by an As- Africa (pp. 381-435). This sectian solution of some present- sociate Professor in the Ele- ond section is of special interest, day missionary prqblems. It is mentary Department School of because it deals with European particularly designed for mis- Religious Education, B 0 s ton policies in the Dark Continent, sion study classes. University. oShe has prepared the labor problem, forced labor, the pro g ram s and supple- and slavery which still exists ~n mentary material for the nine stories written by Miss Warner, the twentieth century. There IS the author of "Windows in The Centennial of the Western For- Alaska" and other volumes. a bibliography of all work.s re- eign Missionary Society, 1831-1931. lating to the Negro publIshed Edited by James A. Kelso. 234 pp. Leaders of children's work in during the past five years, and Published under the auspices of the the Sunday School or in missi~m­ ary circles, not to mentIOn a d ire c tor y of newspapers, Committee of Pittsburgh Presby- age n c i e s, and org!lni~atio~s. tery. 1931. mothers, will find that these This invaluable matenalls avaIl- This memorial volume con- tales will .open the eyes of boys able in no other place. sists of three parts-first a brief and girls, to their debt, not only S.M.Z.

history of the Western Foreign to the American farmers, but to Mis s ion a r y Society by the the farmers all around the God, the Eternal Torment of Man. By Reverend Thomas C. Pears, Jr., world. Children very much alive Marc Boegner. 165 pp. $2.00. second, a biography and an ap- are happily depicted but we are Harpers. New York. 1931.

preciation of Sadhu Sundar disappointed that the last story The word "torment" is rather Singh, the apostle of the East does not gather up the threads startling in such connection.

and West, who was brought to of the earlier chapters and come The author took it from Marcel Christ through the influence of to a more definite climax. Arland's sentence: "All ques- Presbyterian mission schools in J. C. C. tions revert to a unique problem,

that of God; God, the dreadful burgh Medical Mission Training ism and rural education. This torment of men, whether they School. During his studies in worthwhile study of the situastrain to create him or destroy Scotland Alexander came into tion and the need in Korea is him." vital contact with such spiritual prepared by a Korean woman, giants as Moody, Drummond, dean of a woman's college, who The contents of the book show Balfour, Lightfoot, Boyd Car- presents the problem, considers that the author uses the term penter, Ion Keith Falconer and the forces and methods already "torment" to indicate the striv- Robert Laws of Livingstonia. at work in Korea and other ing after God that was voiced He went to Aden and then to lands, and suggests some ways in Job's cry: "Oh, that I knew Lovedale, South Africa, where in which the Korean problem where I might find Him!" and he found a wife, and then to may be met. Missionaries in by the Psalmist's: "My soul Cairo, before he reached Hebron, other lands than Korea will also thirsteth for Thee, my flesh Southern Palestine, in 1892. find it worthy of study. longeth for Thee in a dry and thirsty land where no water is." Dr. Paterson's thirty years in The Progress of World-Wide Missions. Even after the soul has found the mountains of Judah were By Robert H. Glover, M. D. Ninth God, there are fears that one years of fruitful service, full of edition. 8 vo. 418 pp. $2.50. does not understand and serve interesting experiences and Richard R. Smith. New York. 1931. Him aright, and the tragedies some thrilling adventures proof life are ever raising the vided by war, massacre, robbery This book, which has already troubled que s t ion: Why? and various plots. The life story proved its usefulness, now ap- "Everywhere about us today," is full of information, of interest pears (with six maps) in a resays the author, "we are detect- and inspiration. It is marred by vised and enlarged edition. It is ing the echo of a deepseated un- a perpetuation of one or two trustworthy, readable and ineasiness which is troubling grievances and a desire to de- forming. It covers the world men's souls, and we assent to the fend Dr. Paterson against criti- and is the best recent history of utterance of a contemporary cisms which might better have world-wide missions. To read it thinker: 'More than ever God is been allowed to die. carefully is a liberal education occupying the first place in the in the principles, forces, aims thinking of our youth!' " Marches of the North. By E. Alex- and progress of Christian mis- ander Powell. 8 vo. 311 pp. $4. sions. Dr. Boegner, who is pastor of The Century Co. 1931. the Reformed Church at Passy, The World Dominion. Edited quar- France, and President of the Canada is largely an unknown terly by Dr. Thomas Cochrane, Pro t est ant Federation of country to those outside of the 48. 6d. a year. World Dominion France, discusses the whole sub- Dominion. It is worth knowing; Press. London and New York. 1932. ject thoughtfully, helpfully, and its variety, beauty and producwith documentary references tiveness give the vast sketches Dr. Cochrane, who was for that show a wide range of read- of country and mixed inhabi- some years an L. M. 'S. medical ing. He is in full sympathy with tants an interest to travelers, missionary in China, is rendermodern thought, but he is con- merchants, hunters, agricultur- ing a real service through the vinced that life without God, the ists and missionaries. As an publication of his independent God of whom Jesus Christ was American newspaper correspon- missionary quarterly. This magthe most adequate revelation, is dent and a wide traveler, Mr. azine, and the brochures on varifruitless and yain. The reader Powell shows that he is a keen ous fields, published from time may not agree with every state- observer and a fascinating re- to time, emphasize especially the ment, but he will feel that the porter-as will be recognized by need for reaching speedily the author is earnestly striving to those who have read his "Last unevangelized multitudes in nonset forth truths which for him Home of Mystery"; "Thunder Christian lands, the prime imare not debatable since they are Over E u r 0 p e" and other portance of using Apostolic a part of that revelation which volumes. Here is an exception- methods of proclaiming the God is ever making of Himself. ally readable description of the New Testament Gospel, calling different provinces of Canada- in question the value of large in- A. J. B. its seacoast, rivers, fisheries and stitutions and secular education gold mines. in mission work, and showing Paterson of Hebron. By W. Ewing, the need for faith, courage and M.D. 8 vo. 256 pp. 88., 6d. Clarke Rural Education for the Regeneration dependence on the Spirit of God. & Co. London. 1931. of Korea. By Helen Kittenk Kim, Ph.D. Pamphlet, Ewa College, Seoul, The January issue of World The "Hakim" or medical mis- and Methodist Episcopal Board, New Dominion contains valuable arsionary lived and worked in the York. 1931. ticles on Persia and the Latin mountains of Judah for thirty World, Arctic Canada, A Chalyears. He was the son of David We are just beginning to real- lenge to Youth, and the Solomon Paterson, a Scotch missionary in ize the importance of giving Islands. The magazine is full of Madras, India, where Alexander more attention to rural evangel- interest and stimulates to faith was born in July, 1867. Later and action. the father became for two years superintendent of the Edin-

Books service in 1882. For many years he Announcing a New

was connected with the Vincent Miller Liberating the Lay Forces of Christi. Academy at Soochow. Thoroughly Revised Edition of anity. John R. Mott. 175 pp. $2.00. Macmillan, New York. 1932. *** The Progress of The Foreign Missionary. Arthur Jud- Mrs. S. C. Peoples, for forty years World -Wide Missions son Brown. 412 pp. (13th edition, a Presbyterian missionary in Siam, revised.) $2. Revell, New York. died at Berkeley, California, on J an- By Ih. 1932. uary 12. Rev. Robert Hall Glover. M. D•• F.R.G.S. The Mahadi of Allah – The Story of *** the Dervish Mohammed Ahmed. Home Dlreclor. China Inland Million Richard A. Bermann. 317 pp. $2.50. The Rev. Walter Oettli, D. Theol., Macmillan, New York. 1932. inspector of the Basel Mission since A comprehendYe hislory and .elerence book 1909, died recently of pneumonia at Ihal .hould be in Ihe library 01 eygry one Religion of Old Korea. Charles Alden Berne, Switzerland. He attended the Inleresled in mission.. A slandard and a Clark. 295 pp. $2.50. Revell, New International Missionary meetings at classic written by a r••1missionary slale.man. York. 1931. Crans in 1920 and at Lake Mohonk in 1921, and the first meeting of the "For yeors there has been a growing demand Story of Alaska. C. L. Andrews. $3.50. International Missionary Council at for such. missionorv text-book as this. It I. on Lowman & Hanford, Seattle. 1931. Oxford in 1923. Indispensable work for .il desiring concise In- formc!ltion on every phdse of m;ssion4rv en- The Secret Veld. Francis Carey Sla- *** deavor. It rinRs true to the Gospel Message."' ter. 312 pp. 7s., 6d. Grayson, Mayfair, London. 1932. Dr. Fennell P. Turner, for twenty- -SUNDAY SCHOOL TIMES two years (1897 to 1919) secretary Christ Down East. R. G. Burnett. of the Student Volunteer Movement With Maps, Full Indices, Bibliography, 160 pp. $1.25. Revell, New York. and later (1919 to 1928) secretary 1931. of the Foreign Missions Conference of Etc., Octavo. 418 Pages, $2.50 • North America, died of a heart at- The Development of the Missionary tack in Santa Cruz, California, on Ray Long & Richard R. Smith, Inc. and Philanthropic Institute Among February 9th. Dr. Turner was born the Mennonites of North America. in Danielsville, Tennessee, February 1l! Ea.1 41s1 Sireel. New York Edmund George Kaufman. 416 pp. 25, 1867, and has rendered a remark- Mennonite Book Concern, Berne, able service to the cause of Christ in Personal Items Ind. 1931. many lands. He was a delegate to the World Missionary Conference in (Continued from 2d Cover) Challenged. Caroline Atwater Mason. Edinburgh in 1910, and to the Jerusa- 100 pp. $1.00. Revell, New York. lem Conference in 1928. He had re- Christian Council, the missions and 1932. cently returned from a tour in Asia churches there in regard to the con- as a member of the Laymen's Inquiry tribution which Christian education The Goodly Fellowship. P. L. Garlick. Commission. may make to the welfare of the peo- 145 pp. 2s. Church Missionary ple in Nigeria, the steps necessary to Society, London. 1932. *** make this contribution as effective as possible, an!! the relation of a pro- "Follow Thou Me." George W. Tru- The Rev. Thomas C. Horton, one of gram of Christian education to the ett. 241 pp. $2. Ray Long and the founders and the first superin- plans, intentions and policy of the R. R. Smith, New York. 1932. tendent of the Los Angeles Bible In- government. stitute, California, died at his horne Bible Verses to Memorize. Selected near Los Angeles on February 27th. *** by Helen Miller Gould Shepard. 96 He was for some years an associate – pp. 50 cents. American Tract So- of the late Dr. Arthur T. Pierson in Dr. Wellington Koo has been ap- ciety, New York. 1931. Bethany Church, Philadelphia. Later pointed by the Chinese Government as he conducted a Bible school in St. Minister of Foreign Affairs. Dr. Koo Seventy Other Best Bible Stories. Paul, Minnes.ota, and in Dallas, Texas, carne to America as a boy, took a George Goodman. 278 pp. 3s., 4d. and was instrumental in leading Mr. course at Cook Academy, and was Pickering & Inglis, London. 1932. Lyman Stuart to found the Los An- graduated from Columbia University. geles Institute twenty-four years ago. He has been Premier of China and A Prayer Book for Boys. Compiled He was the founder and president of Minister both to Washington and to by Margaret Cropper. 64 pp. $1. the Fishermen's Club, a men's organi- London. He represented the Chinese Macmillan, New York. 1932. zation for personal evangelism. Government at the Peace Conference in Paris in 1919 and at the Washing- Highways to International Goodwill. *** ton Conference in 1921. While at Walter W. Van Kirk. 190 pp. $1. Cook Academy, Wellington Koo took Abingdon Press, New York. 1932. Bishop Francis Wesley Warne, D.D., an open stand for Christ, but it is not a retired bishop of the Methodist known whether he is now identified Annual Report – American Board of Episcopal Church, who gave forty-one with the Christian Church in China. Commissioners for Foreign Mis· years of service as a missi.onary in sions. 1931. 172 pp. Published by India, died on February 29th in *** the Board. Boston. 1932. Brooklyn, New York, where he has been residing since his retirement in Fred W. Ramsey, Cleveland busi- The Conquest of Gloom. James L. 1928. Bishop Warne was born in ness man who succeeded John R. Mott Gray. 158 pp. 3s., 6d. Marshall, Erin, Ontario, Canada, on December as general secretary of the National Morgan & Scott, Ltd., London. 1931. 30, 1854, received his education in Council of the Y. M. C. A. in 1928, has Albert College, Canada, and in Gar- resigned. The responsibilities of the Obituary Notes rett Biblical Institute, Evanston, Illi- secretaryship will be carried by a nois. Under the Methodist Church of commission composed of five secreta- The Rev. John Newton Hayes, D.D., Canada, he served as a missionary in ries. retired missionary of the Presbyterian Manitoba and in December, 1887, was Church, U. S. A., died on February appointed a missionary of the Meth- *** 10th in Shanghai, China. Dr. Hayes odist Episcopal Church to India, was born in Big Hollow, N. Y., in where he did evangelistic and educa- G. B. Halstead, social director at 1850 and was appointed to missionary tional work among the low-caste peo- Lucknow Christian College, India, ple. In 1900 he was elected a mis- has resigned under pressure of the sionary bishop to India, and in 1920 British-Indian Government because of a bishop of the Methodist Episcopal his alleged outspoken sympathy with Church. Mahatma Gandhi and the activities of the Nationalist Congress. The stu- dents of the college declared a "har- tal," Dr period of mourning, to express their sympathy with Mr. Halstead.

THE MOSLEM

FOR APRIL SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor PERSIA AND SHIAH ISLAM hold a prominent place in the April Number. Dr. Zwemer writes editorially on the Shiah Saints. "Some Bektashi Poets" are introduced by the Reverend J. Kingsley Birge, of Istanbul. The Reverend F. M. Stead of Persia describes the Ali nahi Sect. The evangelicdl fervor of the New Persian Church is revealed by the Reverend William N. Wysh"m. "New Forces in Old Morocco" are discussed by Jdmes Hdlddne, of the Southern Morocco Mission.- Professor Amry Vdndenbosch presents a careful study on "Christianity and Government in the Netherlands Indie…. The important Pdper by Professor Duncan B. Mdcdonald on the medning of Ruh (Spirit) in Islamic Thought, begun in the January issue, is completed in this number. A young Orientalist, Joshua Finkel, writes on "Old Israelitish Trlldition in the Korlln." "'s Islam a Christian Heresy?" is the question discussed by Professor Frank H. Foster of Oberlin.

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Brilish Represenlell.e_MARSHALL, MORGAN" SCOTT, 12 Pelernoller Buildings, London Price in Greet Brileln, Eight Shilling., nel Why Not Be Informed? If You Wish to Know the Facts About Present Day Missions, THEN READ MISSIONS MATCHING THE HOUR pr.!~I!!~~I~~~~SI~~~~~lety This book sets forth the supreme task of Christians everywhere to mellsure up to the present opportunities and the challenge of the unchanging gospel of Christ in this changing world.

The author states the facts clearly and IIppellls to the Church to recognize its obliglltion. and to do its part in bringing men and women into harmony with Christ.

This very interesting and thought-provoking study of Christian Missions presents Missions Under Fire Abiding Aims and Motives Meeting the Critics The Testimo~J. of Results The Challenge of Secularism Jesus in the World's Mind Today The Church's Need of a World Field HERE IS YOUR OPPORTUNITY TO READ THIS BOOK I Through a special arrangement with the publishers we are H Can Y D It? OW Rellew your OWN .ablerlpllon or IIble to offer readers the opportunity to secure the above 0U 0 book ABSOLUTELY FREE. • lend the REVIEW 10. friend for one year, and a.k u' lor. Ir.e eopy of "MISSIONS MATCHING THE HOUR"

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The Missionary Review of the World — March 1932

1932

The Present Missionary Outlook Robert E. Speer How An African Preacher Preaches Mrs. John M. Springer Sotne Recent Changes in Mexico Ralph E. Diffendorfer .

The Dynatnic of Hotne Missions John McDowell

Items Dates to~Remember

Mr. James Frederick Talcott, the March 7 and 8-First Annual Meeting son of the late James Talcott, has of the COMMITTEE ON PROMOTION, been elected president of the American HOME MISSIONS COUNCIL and COUN- Bible Society, succeeding Mr. E. Fran- CIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS, cis Hyde, president for the last seven Fort Pitt Hotel, Pittsburgh, Pa.

years. Mr. Talcott comes to his new Rev. J. S. Stowell, Chairman.

position with a deep interest in the March 7-9-National Conference of work of the society. JEWS AND CHRISTIANS, Washington, D. C. ••• May 2-General Conference of the Rev. Robert O. Franklin, for 17 METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, At- years a missionary in Siam and for lantic City, New Jersey. five years president of Bangkok Chris- May 15-21-CHURCH CONFERENCE OF tian College, has been appointed sec- SOCIAL WORK, Philadelphia, Pa.

Direct Express . .. to retary of the American Bible Society May 18-Annual Conference, METH- in charge of the agency in Siam. He ODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH, Colum- JAPAN succeeds Rev. Robert Irwin, who re- AND tires after 20 years of service. bUB, Ohio.

CHINA • •• May 18-20-THE COMMUNITY CHURCH WOIUa:RS 01' U. S. A., Buffalo, N. Y. Direct because straight Dr. F. H. Otto Melle returned to across. Express because of Empress Germany in November after having May 24-28-A GENERAL SYNODICAL speed. Yokohama is only 10 days traveled through the United States MEETING 01' THE REFoRMED CHtTRCH from Vancouver. Shanghai a short effectively presenting the situation in IN THE U. S., Cleveland, Ohio. 4 days beyond! Germany, especially the interests of May 26-General Assembly, PRESBY- Empress of Russia and Empress TElUAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A., of Asia are the largest and fastest the Theolopcal Seminary at Franlt- Denver, Colo. liners on this route. They offer new forl-on-Mam, of which he is the presireduced fares! May 26-General Assembly, PRESBY- dent. ••• TElUAN CHURCH IN THE, U. S., Mon- Want to go via Honolulu? Em. press ofJapan, the Pacific's largest Rev. Dr. L. Myron Boozer, of Iowa, treat, N. C. and fastest liner, and her speedy running mate, Empress of Canada, has been elected President of the June 2-General Synod of REFORMED tllke this route. The crossing is but CHURCH IN AMERICA, Kingston, ;J days longer. These Empresses Board of National Missions of the N.Y. connectatHonoluluwith San Fran. cisco and Los Angeles sailings. Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., suc- June 16-20-Annual Convention of the WOMEN'S GENERAL MISSIONARY SO- Sumptuous First OIlSS on all Em- ceeding the Rev. Joseph A. Vance, CIETY OF THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN presses ••• a Tourist Class of true "Empress" standard. D. D., of Detroit. Miss Ann Eliza- CHURCH, Columbus, Ohio.

All Empresses sail from Van- beth Taylor of New York was elected couver (where trains go to ship- Vice-president, succeeding Mrs. F. S. side.•• baggage checked through to Bennett. . state-room) and Victoria: ••• June 23-July 4:-COMMITTEE OF THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COUN- Direct Expr~ss Dr. W. W. Yen, the new Chinese Empress of Asia, Apr. 23, June 18 minister to the United States, has CIL, Herrnhut, Germany. Empress ofRussia, Mar. 26, May 21 been for a number Of years the chair- man of the Board of Managers of July 12-17-Annual Meeting, NORTH- Viii Hf»I(JiRiR Yenching University. Empress of Japan, Apr. 9, June 5 ERN BAPl'IST CONVENTION at San Empress ofCanada, Mar. 12,May7 ••• Francisco, Calif. .

Reduced Round Trip Fares. Gipsy Smith, "the world's foremost July ,25-31-WORLD~ SUNDAY SCHOOL Information, your agent, or any evangelist," has recently closed his CONVENTION, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Canadian Pacific office:NewYork, Philadelphia revival campaign of Philadelphia, Chicago. Montreal three weeks. August 23-28-General Conference of and 31 other cities in U. S. and Can. SEVENTH-DAY BAPl'IST CHURCH at (Continued on 3rd Cover) .Adams Center, N. Y. CANADIAN October 18-24:-FIVE YEARS MEETING PACIFIC OF THE FRIENDS, Richmond, Ind.

~ THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS ~ DEPARTMENT OF .ANNUITIES YOUR GIFT NOW WILL BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING OF GIVING WHILE UVING AND THE GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS THA"r YOU WILL HAVE AN INCOME FOR LIFE ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary 156 FIFI'H AVENUE. NEW YORK.

~ PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S.A. .~

Chat THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

The February REvIEw received even a DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor warmer welcome than was given to the Janu- ary number. The list of enthusiastic readers Vol. LV March, 1932 No.3 and boosters for the REVIEW is increasing. Are you one of them? Page Does your pastor take the REVIEW? Is it FRONTISPIECE-Shanghai-and the Present Scenes of Conflict •••• 130 circulated in your missionary society? Are TOPICS OF THE TIMES ••• , ••• , •••• , ..• , ••••••• , .•.•.•• , ••• , ., 131 you taking advantage of the "Effective Ways of Working" so helpfully suggested by Mrs. Opposing Forces in China Mr. Gandhi and Christian Missions Aitchison for increasing missionary interest at home? Studying Foreign Mission Problems BE A BOOSTER ASPECTS OF THE PRESENT MISSIONARY OUTLOOK. . • • • • • •• 135 Here are some of the recent comments on By Dr. Robert E. Speer, Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, our February number: Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

"We wish to congratulate you on the appear- HOW THE AFRICAN PREACHER PREACHES. " , ' •• , '" , •• , ' •• 140 ance of the REVIEW as well as upon its con- tents. The material it contains is very inter- By Mrs. John M. Springer, a missionary of the American Methodist esting indeed." Episcopal Church at Jadotville, Belgian Congo JAMES V. CLARKE, THE CHRISTIANS AND THE JEWS ••••••••.••• , ..•••. , • • • . • •• 144 Managing Editor of the By Max I. Reich of Morrisville, Pa, • • • Presbyterian Advamce. SOME RECENT CHANGES IN MEXICO., ••• , ••• " . " . " ••••••• 145 "You have wonderfully improved the RE- VIEW in its form and its articles." By the Rev. Ralph E. Diffendorfer, Secretary of the Board of Foreign • • • PROFESSOR HARLAN P. BEACH. Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church .

"I like the new form very much and think CHRISTIAN PROGRESS IN PUERTO RICO •.• , •..• " .••••. ,… 147 you have improved the contents. The Febru- ary issue is splendid." By Jarvis S. Morris of San German, Puerto Rico WILUAM R. KING, THE DYNAMIC OF HOME MISSIONS .•••• , •••..• , , , , , , .• , . • • •• 149 Executive Secretary of the By the Rev. John McDowell, D.D., President of the Home Missions • • • Home Missions Council. Council and Secretary of the Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. "The REVIEW in its new apparel arrested my attention at once and I think it is a very great WHAT PROGRESS IN HOME MISSIONS?,., ••• , .• " .• ,.,., ••• 155 improvement. The articles arrest attention." By the Rev. William R, King, D.D., Extracts from the Annual Report MRS. JOHN FERGUSON. of the Executive Secretary of the Home Missions Council President of the ADVENTURES AMONG THE AMAZON INDIANS •••.. , •• , .•••• 159 National Council of A review of "The Challenge of Amazon's Indians" by Mrs. Arthur F. • • • Federated Church Women. Tylee. Reviewea by Dr. Thomas C. Moffett, Secretary of the Com- mission on the Indians of Latin America "I congratulate you on the last two issues of the REVIEW. I like it very much better STUDENTS AND MISSIONARY INTEREST •••.•..•• , . . . . . . , .••• 161 in its new dress." By the Rev. William M. Miller, a Presbyterian Missionary on furlough MILLS J. TAYLOR. Associate Secretary, FACE TO FACE WITH HUMAN WRECKS .• " …• , ….•…•• ,. 163 Board of Foreign Missions, United Presbyterian Church By the Rev. Walter Amos Morgan, Pastor of the First Congregational Church, Chicago, Illinois of North America. WORLD FRIENDSHIP BOOKS FOR CHILDREN • . . . , • . . . , • • . • . .• 166 WHAT IS YOUR REACTION? By Hazel V. Orton, Secretary of Elementary Work, Missionary Educa- Most of the Author8 in the present number tion Movement need no introduction. Do not fail to read the article by Mrs. Springer who has been FAIR PLAY IN LATIN AMERICA ……………………….. 168 for over thirty years a Methodist missionary in Central Africa. American preachers and EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 169 speakers will find some valuable suggestions on how to keep their audiences awake. Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitehison Mr. Max 1. Reich is a Hebrew Christian, WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN, , , , ….• , ….•. , ., 173 a scholar, a man of unusual Christian spirit and a leader among the Hebrew Christians Edited by Helen M. Brickman and Florence G. Tyler of America. OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 The article by Dr. Thomas C. Moffett tells a thrilling and a heart-rending story of the A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events murder of two American missionaries and a little child by Indians in the Amazon valley. OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF, .•••…• , •••. , .•.. , .. , ….•• , 189 The Rev. Wm. M. Miller, a very effective Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information Presbyterian missionary iR Persia, has been spending some months worki-'1g amollg the Publication Office 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana students in North American colleges. He tells Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City interesting facts that he has observed. Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March WHICH ARTICLE DO YOU LIKE BEST? 3,1879.

Every month we are obliged to omit as good Application has been made to transfer to Indianapolis, Ind. papers as we have room to print. LO'Jk for Foreign Postage 50 cents a year these in the coming numbers-for example: 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year "The Rural Situation in Canada." by the Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by the Rev. J. R. Watts. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBUSHING CO., INC, uA Tense Problem in Persia," by Bishop J. H. Linton, Board of Directors "The Effect of a Divided Church on Mis- ROBImT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT SAMUEL M, Z"'EMER sions," by Dr. Cleland B. McAfee. WM, I, CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President MRS. ORRIN R. Juno MILTON J. STAUFFER WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer WM. B. LIPPHARO "Does Christ Approve of Institutional Mis- DELAVAN L, PmRSON, Secretary ERIc M. NORTH A. L. W ARNSHUIS sions 1ft , by Sam Higginbottom.

"Do Missionary Hymns Need Revision 1". by Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer.

"When Burmese Students Preach the Gos- pel," by H. I. Marshall of Rangoon.

"Gandhi and Christianity in India," by C. L. Sury of Simla.

"A Woman FighVng the Devil in San Francisco," a book review by Dr. Arthur J. Brown, WHAT SUBJECT WOTILD YOU LIKE TO SEE TREATED?

– –INTERNATIONAL

SETTLEMENT BOUNDARY – JAPANESE AREA ••••• 31'U U.S.IN~ . AREA 8P.ITISH A P.EA GPOO SCALE OF ~ MILE J"

The above map (adapted from the Herald-Tribune) shows the borders of the International Settlement. French Concession. devastated H Chinese section Chapei. and the old Chinese city. Japanese and other warships are stationed in the Whang Poo River. The Whang Poo forts are several miles to the east. down the river. The Japanese © and Chinese forces are intrenched on either side of Chapei. Hongkew. (Japanese area). is the section of Shanghai in which most of the Japanese reside.

M. (near the British Consulate). = Protestant Mission head- CHINESE- + Quarters. CITY == location of some of the Christian churches.

P location of former Presbyterian Mission Press. beyond which was the destroyed Commercial Press.

St. Johns University (Episcopal) is to the west and Shanghai Uni- versity (Baptist) to the east of Shanghai.

SHANGHAI-AND THE PRESENT SCENES OF THE SINO-JAPANESE CONFLICT

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER THREE MARCH, 1932 Topics of the Times OPPOSING FORCES IN CHINA valuable library and club rooms for employees, A warless war is being fought in the Yangtze and on the presses were printed millions of pages Valley and in Manchuria. No war has been de- of Christian literature every year. The loss to the clared between China and Japan and yet fighting missionary enterprise alone cannot be measured. goes on between the forces of the two nations. The Chinese National Government has appealed The Japanese marines are reported to have into the League of Nations to help settle the dis- vaded and damaged the Chinese School and other pute by peaceful means-since both China and mission buildings of the Methodist Episcopal Japan are members of the League and have Church, South. War vessels proceeded up the signed the Kellogg~Briand Peace Pact and the Yangtze to Nanking where they bombarded Chi- Nine Power Treaty. But Japan seems to be nese forts and landed marines. In spite of apbent on settling matters in her own way-by force peals and warnings from the League of Nations of arms. Council gathered at Geneva, and in the face of strong protests from the American, British, Italian The Manchurian muddle is apparently due to and French governments, the Japanese refuse to Japan's demand for full protection of her subjects withdraw or to cease their military activities until and what she claims to be her rights in the three their purpose has been attained. Possibly they Eastern Provinces and to China's inability to are hoping to obtain a Japanese concession in guarantee such protection. Small mobs in vari- Shanghai, similar to that controlled by the French. ous centers of China have now and then attacked Recent press reports state that the Japanese pro- Japanese subjects and damaged some property. pose international control over five large Chinese Floods, bandits and civil strife have hindered the cities-Shanghai, Canton, Hankow, Tsingtao and maintenance of peace and order. The Chinese Tientsin. They refuse, however, to intrust their replied to Japanese aggression-not by force of nationals to the protection of an international arms-but by declaring a boycott against Japa- force and will not consent to submit the Manchunese goods. rian problem to the League of Nations Commis- This boycott has hit Japan harder than armed sion. resistance. It is an economic war that Japan is As a preliminary to peace Japan demands: not prepared to wage. As a result the Japanese 1. Japan and China shall mutually pledge themselves to non-aggression and guarantee each other's territory. are carrying the military conflict into the heart 2. All forms of anti-Japanism in China, including the of China, sending warships, marines and airplanes boycott, shall be called oft' permanently. to 'Shan~hai, bombarding Chinese forts, dropping 3. Asslirances to be given of the safety of Japanese destru~bve bombs on Chinese sections of the city, lives and property in China. patrollmg the streets, and killing Chinese, even 4. Payment for railways built in Manchuria with Japnon-combatants in the International Settlement. A ruthless and unnecessary piece of destruction anese money, and recognition of existing agreements for was the bombing and burning of the great Com- railway construction in Manchuria.

5. . Recognition of existing treaty rights, including the question of Japanese land leases in Manchuria.

mercial Press in the Chapei district of Shanghai. 6. The withdrawal of all Chinese military forces to a This modern Chinese and English press-owned dista~e of twenty miles from Shanghai.

and controlled by Christian Chinese-was prob- These demands are not extreme and have been ably the largest in Asia. It was equipped with accepted by China, but Japan is not satisfied with modern cylinder presses, linotype machines, bind- the assurances and continues her militarv activ- ers and other up-to-date machinery. It had a ity. In the meantime the lives and property of [131]

American and European nationals are threatened China to a speedy end. The League of Nations and there seems to be danger of embroiling many is itself on trial to test its efficiency and its cournations in this conflict. Meanwhile the Disarma- age in carrying out the provisions of its own Covement Conference sits in Geneva. nants.

Japan is proud and headstrong; her army and In the meantime Christians in Japan, in China, navy are large and efficient and have never yet in America and England are uniting in prayer that been defeated. Her military officers are imperi- God will point the way to right relations between ous and opposition to the forces under their con- men, and that men may have vision and courage trol are looked upon as an insult to their country. to follow His way. Now is the time to show the But Japan cannot afford to go to war with Europe effectiveness of a united movement for peaceor America or to disregard the rights and opin- which is better than disarmament. Best of all is ions of other nations. Already her course has the movement for international, interracial and wrought havoc with her trade, has caused her to national goodwill, based on justice and love under be suspected and to lose friends. China may be the banner of the Prince of Peace. weakened because of internal difficulties, but China is better as an ally than as an enemy. STUDYING FOREIGN MISSION PROBLEMS A force quietly and persistently working for For the past thirty-nine years the executives of peace and righteousness, both in China and Japan, is the body of Christian missionaries. Those in the leading foreign mission boards of the United each land love and serve the nationals among whom they are working. Shanghai alone con- States and Canada have been meeting annually to tains some five hundred Protestant missionaries with their children. They are non-combatants confer on their common task and problems. The and peace makers. These are connected with over fifty American and British missionary societies. churches they represent number about twenty- Most of them reside in the International and French settlements, for Shanghai is the mission- three million members and spend over thirty-five ary headquarters. The total American and European population of Shanghai is forty thousand. million dollars a year in foreign mission work.

Japan and the League The problems and methods have changed greatly Governments feel their responsibility for the in the past forty years; missionaries have insafety and rights of their citizens, even though protection requires recourse to arms. It is to be creased fivefold and expenditures sevenfold. Mishoped that diplomacy, justice and wisdom will prevail; love may be thought to set too idealistic sion boards have been brought into much closer a standard. An international commission-including Japanese and Chinese members-might cooperation through these conferences and the well be intrusted with the settlement of the present difficulties. Such a commission would lessen "science of missions" has developed. . the danger of injustice from prejudice, self-interest and injured pride. The League of Nations From January 12th to 15th this year about two Covenant provides that members of the League shall submit to the Council any dispute likely to hundred and sixty executives and missionaries lead to a rupture and the signers "agree in no case to resort to war until three months ·after the met in Atlantic City. They represented seven award by the arbitrators or the report by the Council." (Article 12.) The Covenant also pro- Canadian boards and eighty-three boards of the vides that "should any member of the League resort to war in disregard of its covenants under United States. In place of platform addresses, the Articles 12, 13 or 15, it shall ipso facto be deemed to have committed an act of war against all the conference resolved itself into a "platform roundother members of the League, which hereby undertake immediately to subject it to severance of table conference" to consider, first, the "Values all trade or financial relations." (Article 16.) and Problems in the Use of Foreign Money" on This very definite agreement is one which, if carried out promptly, would bring the invasion of the mission field; second, the "Problems and Pos- sibilities of Rural Missionary Work"; third, the "Important Qualifications of Missionaries Under Present Conditions"; and, fourth, the "Proposals of the Commission on Christian Higher Educa- tion" on the mission fields. These discussions were unusually fruitful. While the conferences do not legislate, the results of these round-table de- liberations will be reported to the several boards for their consideration and action.

Among the special features of the conference were addresses by Dr. Oscar M. Buck of Drew University on "Present Inescapable Issues"; by Dr. T. Z. Koo of China on "Spiritual Implications of These Issues"; and by Prof. D. D. T. Jabavu of South Africa and Dr. James H. Franklin of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society on "The Meaning of the Cross in the Life of the World Today."

Among the outstanding subjects that require

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

most careful and prayerful thought by missionary an hour. The International Missionary Council, leaders today are the following: through which the Foreign Missions Conference (1) How far shall national Christian churches cooperates with twenty-nine similar groups in mission lands be under foreign direction and throughout the world, also presented its printed assisted with foreign funds? All recognize the report calling attention to some important matters.

necessity for promoting their independence and Resolutions were adopted expressing deep sym- self-support and for developing strong, intelligent pathy with the Kingdom of God Movement in spiritual leadership. Many believe that too much Japan, the relief of suffering in China, the need financial aid has been given in the past and that for the abolition of traffic in narcotics and alco- this aid should be drastically reduced in order to holic drinks throughout the world, and for work promote independence from foreign control. in behalf of world peace and the reduction of (2) How can educational mission work, espe- armaments.

cially in higher education, be made more fruitful The conference appointed a committee of seven- in winning students to Christ and in training teen to study the future program and organization native evangelists and Christian teachers and of the conference. Some advocate the advisability preachers so as to build up strong national of meeting every two years, in place of annually, churches? This question involves the problem of and advise the selection of a less expensive resort non-Christian teachers and pupils in mission for these gatherings.

schools and colleges, government subsidies and The chairman of the conference this year was regulation of these Christian institutions~ and the Dr. A. E. Armstrong of the United Church of use of short-term missionary teachers, many of Canada. For next year the chairman selected is whom have no evangelistic purpose. Dr. P. H. J. Lerrigo, a secretary of the American (3) What type of missionary should be sent out Baptist Foreign Mission Society, who is also today to represent Christ and His Church among chairman of the committee on the future program non-Christian peoples? Shall they be more highly and organization. The chairman of the Committee trained for special tasks than formerly, or shall of Reference and Council is Miss Sarah S. Lyon, more emphasis be placed on spiritual equipment secretary of the Foreign Department of the Naand devotion? The general conviction is that it is tional Board of the Young Women's Christian a mistake to try to reproduce foreign churches Association. This year the Federation of Womand institutions in mission lands. The aim is an's Boards of Foreign Missions met separately rather so to present Christ and His message of at Yonkers.

life that the people of these lands will accept His claims and will follow His teachings in all their MR. GANDHI AND CHRISTIAN MISSIONS activities and relationships, as set forth in the At a meeting between Mr. Gandhi and repre- New Testament. sentatives of the British missionary societies held in London during the Nationalist leaders' attend- (4) Another problem, which is today greatly ance at the recent Round Table Conference, he hampering the work, is due to a decrease in mis- spoke frankly of the reports that have been cirsionary gifts. There is great need to stimulate culated in regard to his attitude toward Chris- Christians at home to deeper interest, more ear- tian missions. He said: nest prayer and more sacrificial giving to advance the cause of Christ throughout the world. The "From youth upwards I have enjoyed the subject of the present shortage of missionary friendliest relations with missionaries throughout funds, which is so embarrassing the work, was the world. In South Africa I came into close not upon the program and there was almost no touch with some of the finest of Christian misreference to it, but between the sessions many sionaries. I attended your churches most regugroups at Atlantic City discussed it seriously. larly and also private prayer meetings. . . . The recent report about my attitude to missions was In recent years this Foreign Missions Confer- an unconscious misrepresentation. I have had ence has been less and less an occasion for the letters from all parts of India and from Engtransaction of routine business or for the passage land and the U. S. A. asking if it was true that of resolutions having to do with interdenomina- I would prohibit all missionary enterprise and estional and international missionary cooperation. pecially proselytizing. What I meant was just Such business is now referred to the Committee of Reference and Counsel, which is highly organ- the contrary. Any suggestion that I should want ized with an Executive Committee and subcom- legislation to prohibit missionary enterprise or to mittees, and which holds several two-day meetings interfere with the beliefs of other people is unduring the year. Their report was presented to thinkable.

the conference and was disposed of in less than "The idea of converting people to one's faith

by speech and writings, by appeal to reason and word is the limitation of thought. There is room emotion and by suggesting that the faith of his for both writing and speech. Though my convic- forefathers is a bad faith, in my opinion, limits tion is strong enough in me for me to die for that the possibilities of serving humanity. I believe conviction, that force does not carry me to the that the great religions of the world are all more goal of believing that the same thing should be or less true and that they have descended to us believed by my fellowmen. I know how impertifrom God. Having come to us, however, through nent it is for an utter stranger to speak to those human media they have become adulterated. . . . to whom the message of the Bible is sacred as life itself. I am speaking to you as a seeker after God, "Whilst I criticise part of the missionary work just as you also are seekers after God. Religion I willingly admit that missions have done indirect is a personal matter, and I am not going to ask good to India. There is no doubt about this. But another man to become a Hindu or a Parsee. I for my having come under Christian influence, am sharing with you my own experience and trysome of my social work would not have been done. ing to show you as fellow workers that probably, My fierce hatred of child marriage and 'untouch- if you could see eye to eye with me, your work ability' is due to Christian influence. I have would flourish more and more. You have amazcome into contact with many splendid specimens ing self-sacrifice. You Christian missionaries of Christian missionaries." are good men. I want to multiply occasions for your service. I want to work closer with you, but The Rev. William Paton, editor of the Interna- I do not want you to get India to change her faith. tional Review oj Missions, read the resolution God is Father to the 'untouchable,' to all of us, passed in 1924 by the Delhi Unity Conference on but He appears to you in another garb. . . . I religious freedom, which Mr. Gandhi helped to adore the same Father though I may not adore draft and which he said still represent his views. him as 'God.' To me that name makes no appeal. The resolutions read: but when I think of Him as Rama, He thrills me. MY' forefathers have known him as Rama, and This Conference is emphatically of opinion that the when I take the name of Rama I arise with the utmost freedom of conscience and religion is essential, same energy. The name 'God', as it is written in and condemns any desecration of places Df worship to the Bible, is contrary to experience. My whole whatsoever faith they may belong, and any persecution soul rejects the teaching that Rama is not my or punishment of any person for adopting or reverting God. Go to the 'untouchables' ; give them schools. to any faith, and further condemns any attempt by com- If anyone were able to show me that God the Fapulsion to convert people to one's faith or to enforce one's ther had to be approached in one particular way own religious observance at the cost of the rights of I would not hesitate a moment, I would go to the others. . . . This Conference records its opinion: whole world, but my life would have to be re- written. My search is for peace and to show God That every individual or group shall have full liberty through the life I live. I give myself to my felto hold and give expression to his or their beliefs and lowmen. This is the secret of peace and happifollow any religious practice, with due regard to the feel- ness also." ings of others and without interfering with their rights. In no case may such individual or group revile the found- A member of the conference referred to the ers, holy persons or tenets of any other faith. command to Christians to go out to all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature. Mr. That every individual is at liberty to follow any faith Gandhi's reply to this was that if the questioner and to change it whenever he so wills, and shall not by believed that these were the inspired words in reason of such change of faith render himself liable to the Bible then he was called upon to obey implicany punishment or persecution at the hands of the fol- itly. lowers of the faith renounced by him. Mr. Gandhi made it abundantly plain that the That every individual or group is at liberty to convert issue between himself and the Christian missionor reconvert another by argument or persuasion but must ary movement lies much deeper than is sometimes not attempt to do so, or prevent its being done, by force, supposed. Mr. Gandhi is desirous only that the fraud or other unfair means, such as the offering of missionaries should be courteous and self-effacing, material inducement. Persons under 16 years of age and should identify themselves with the people of should not be converted unless it be along with their par- the country, but is opposed to the effort to win disents or guardians. If any person under 16 years of age ciples to Christ-something which is fundamental is found stranded without his parent or guardian by a in Christianity. The content of the Christian person of another faith, he should be promptly handed message is not the superiority of a foreign civilover to a person of his own faith. There must be no ization, but is the Person, the Words, the Work secrecy about any conversion or reconversion. and the Power of Jesus Christ.

If Mr. Gandhi Were a Christian "If I were a Christian missionary (and I can enter into the hearts of Christian missionaries)," said Mr. Gandhi, "I would go and work among the 'untouchables,' establishing Christian ashrams among them, with a church in a mud, living among them as God may guide.

"Language fails to convey meaning; the uttered

of the Present

Outlook .-:( , By ROBERT E. SPEER, D. D., New York Secretary of the Board of Foreign Mi.~sions. Presbyterian Church, V. S. A.; author of "Some Living Issues", etc.

T HE clash of Japan and China in Manchuria provoked save as Japan herself manufactured the has turned the eyes of the world again to the provocation. Far East. It is illustrative of the new world The League of Nations has sought earnestly to unity which has come into being, that el;lch coun- find a solution of a problem whose complexity and try has striven to justify itself difficulty are known fully only before the conscience of man- to those who have knowledge kind and each has charged the The whole world is upset. which the general public does responsibility for fault upon Men's attitude toward religion not have. Fair-minded people the other. In the case of large and politics, toward social and must sympathize with 60th naelements in each nation the economical conditions have tions and wish for a just settlecharge is made with undoubted undergone a radical change in ment that will help each nation honesty. In China the student the past twenty years. Should to meet its grievous problems, class has been convinced that we conform our view of the so that both of them will live China was wholly innocent and mission of Christ and the together in friendship and good Japan the indisputable offend- Christian Church to fit some will. fixed standard? In this paper er, while in Japan groups which Dr. Speer deals with some of It is difficult to see how J a- have been clearly sympathetic the present problems in Asia pan's real interests are to be with China's struggle and which and their effect on the present met by military measures or have steadily opposed the mili- religious and missionary out- any territorial expansion won taristic temper, have neverthe- at the price of China's hatred less felt that in the present case look. There is a greater dan- and distrust. Dr. Harold Moulthe whole blame was not on ger that threatens than the ton, President of the Brookings Japan. danger of anti-religious in- Institute and recent adviser of fluences. There are dangers the Japanese Minister of Fi- Japan has contended that she that threaten the very roots nance, set forth this issue in a was only protecting her own of the missionary unde~ak­ speech last November before nationals and treaty rights in ing. These he deals with frankly and constructively. Manchuria, and that China was What is the need of the hour? the Chicago Council on Foreign seeking to use the present situ- Relations. He said: .

ation and the machinery of the League of Nations so to confuse the issue that she From 1920 to 1929 Japan had a period of extraordinary would escape from her treaty commitments. Japan expansion and was able to absorb and support her popucould quote a Chinese, P. C. Hsu, as saying, "China lation in a rising standard of living. The population is will never tolerate the treaty rights that have about 65,000,000 and the increase has been a million a year for the last decade. With the end of economic been based upon the notorious Twenty-one De- expansion the population problem became one of acute mands." concern. Under the present situation 500,000 new workers must be given employment each year in Japan. The popu- On the other side China has contended that these lation increase is one each 15 seconds, or faster than the treaty claims were iniquitous and that Japan has entire merchant marine could carry them away if given seized the present world situation, as she seized this task.

the opportunity of 1915, to take advantage of Dr. Moulton.then took up Japan's colonial his- China's weakness and to invade still further her tory. He showed that Formosa and Korea have integrity and sovereignty; she contends that not proved an outlet for population and that they Japan's present activity in Manchuria was un- are an economic burden. He continued: [135]

What of Manchuria? They have had twenty years of large industries and banking firms have done their share development there. It has not proved a population outlet. in bringing about these changes. There are only 200,000 Japanese there in a population .of thirty million. There is another side to this matter. The old family organization in China was a positive incu- Manchuria is like our middle and northwestern states, bus on individual initiative and social progress. largely a wheat growing country. Japan lives largely on The difficulty today is that the good of the insti- rice. There is coal in Manchuria but the Japanese have tution is going with the evil before any new form sufficient. of family life has been established to conserve this good and to displace this evil. The only form of My conclusion is that the possession of Manchuria by family life that can do this is the Christian, and Japan is of secondary economic importance. Japan w.ould the Christian form is fighting for its very exist- be at a permanent disadvantage through seizure and ence in the West. permanent occupation. Influence on Missions The Japanese people cannot migrate. They cannot com- pete with Chinese and Korean labor. Their great problem The excitement of the Manchurian situation has is to find employment for their people at home. This not apparently closed or constricted in any way cannot be in agriculture. It is only possible in an increase th~ Christian opportunity in either China or in manufactures. Her chief outlets for manufactured Japan. Mission schools and colleges in China are goods are in China and India. Her .only .opportunity is filled and evangelistic missionaries report audito manufacture finished products by skilled labor for sale ences everywhere. In Japan unprecedented ac- abroad. cessibilities are reported. The organ of the King- dom of God Movement reports: This is recognized by most of the members of the parliamentary government. Any possible gain in Manchuria Communism is making tremendous inrQads in student would be more than offset by losses in trade with the centres as well as in the industrial area and amQng the rest of China. The Chinese boycott is a very seriQUS peasant class. The doors, hQwever, are nQt closed to the thing. Christian message. Some weeks ago the writer partici- pated in a campaign in a rural town. Because the church The best interests of Japan, as of all the rest of of the town could not hold the crowds the local committee the world, require friendship and cooperation between Japan and China. arranged to hold the meetings in the auditorium of the public primary school. When I expressed concern as to And assuredly China needs peace and justice. It is an infinite pity that she cannot be let alone whether my message, in which I expected to major on the and wilL not be satisfied to deal with her own in- evangelistic note, would be welcomed in such a place, I ternal problems so as to establi~h unity and order was told that the Principal, although not a Christian, inand a just and prosperous national life. It is sisted that they wanted a religious message and the more tragic that she should have energies and resources Christian the better. and attention drawn away to straighten out foreign relationships when she needs all her thought At the close of the message the local pastor asked that and strength for the enormous tasks of her own decision cards be distributed and while he made a ringing development. The single problem of the family plea f.or decisions a good number .of the audience signed organization and life is tragic enough and it is cards as inquirers. only one of a score hardly less important. Mr. Chang, Chinese Consul General in San Francisco, The holding of a Christian evangelistic meeting, closing has written of this: with an appeal for decisions, in a Government Primary School is something which never could have happened Of the many changes in China. wrought by the forces anywhere in Japan a few years ago. It shows the turn which have been brought into play by the impact of .of the anti-religious tide which has been running with Western civilization, none has had such a far-reaching such tremendous force during the past fifty years among effect on the present Chinese social structure as the the intellectuals and educational leaders of the Empire. passing .of the family system. Admittedly, China is the last stronghold of the old family system, but even Two weeks later, the writer was asked to help in a camhere it must give way to the disintegrating force of the w.orld's industrial revolution. Its origin practically lost paign in two churches in an industrial centre. Never in the mist of antiquity, the Chinese family system has during almost thirty years in Japan have I seen so many been handed down through many centuries virtually in- laboring men in a Christian church, wearing their worktact. The reason for this is that Chinese civilization has ing garb marked with the emblem of their trade. At the been built on the basis of the family. All ancient records close, one-fifth of those present responded to the invitation of history give credit for the establishment of matrimonial and signed cards as inquirers. In the other church the rites to Fu Hsi, the legendary emperor who ruled China building was packed with y.oung people from a neighbormore than 5,000 years ago. The use of the family sur- ing factory. names came into existence at about the same time. It may therefore be said that patriarchal society in China, The Kingdom of God Movement reports meetas well as the Chinese family system, came into being ings in 1930 attended by 265,000 people, with during this period. The centralization of the chief in- 13,837 signing cards as inquirers. For the past dustries in the cities and towns has been the main cause six months of 1931 there were 157,942 in attendof the breaking up of the family system. Emigrations to ance at the meetings, and 8,842 cards signed. the less congested parts of China and even to other countries, the improved means of transportation, and the .or- The Manchurian incident, as already indicated, ganization of agencies in various parts of the country by has shown afresh the unity of interest which now binds together the whole world. The late Profes-

ASPECTS OF THE PRESENT MISSIONARY OUTLOOK

sor Giddings of Columbia contended that the fun- most vital to the world's life and to the cause of damental sociological principle was "conscious- human unity. This truth ought to be the clearest ness of kind." Kin-consciousness now takes in and the most welcomed truth, namely, the prin- not only one's own race or nation but all human- ciple of full religious liberty, of complete freedom ity. Ramsay Macdonald, in closing the debate on for the spirit of man. There are now more as- the speech from the throne when the new Parlia- saults on this principle than for many a year. It ment assembled on November 10, pointed out that has been flatly and tyrannically rejected in Russia.

the separatist economy of the nations was "crazy." It has been threatened and abridged in China.

He said that the only hope of Great Britain and Nationalism has limited it in Turkey. In the of the world lay in "the necessary international natural reaction against oppressive clericalism conferences and negotiations." New understand- some of the Latin American states have denied ings must be reached and "every nation in the basic religious rights, and even in India Mr.

world must be a party to the agreement." Even Gandhi and Mr. Natarajan have decried the lib- Senator Borah said, what is obvious now to all erty now permitted for free religious discussion rational men but what until recently only mis- and propaganda. Mr. Gandhi later took pains to sionary people declared, speaking in Carnegie Hall say that he would never wish to have his disap- on May 5, 1931: "Our country cannot escape from proval enacted as law, but Mr. Natarajan openly this deep trough of depression and at the same appealed for the prohibition by statute of all ef- time leave the balance of the human race behind. fort on the part of Christianity, at least, to divert We have our own immediate problems.. We have Hindus and Moslems from the ancient faiths of our own immediate work before us. But in a India. He forgot, however, as the Christians of larger sense the prosperity of the United States India have pointed out to him, that Christianity depends upon the prosperity of other peoples. was in India long before Mohammedanism, that Anything like general and durable prosperity it is as truly an ancient faith of India as Islam, must be had in connection with the rest of the or some sects of Hinduism, and that it has the world." third largest body of adherents in India, exceed- But this common interest of the world cannot ing the Sikhs and, in India proper, the Buddhists be expressed in mere commercial or economic as well.

terms. The new Ambassador of Peru to the There is no danger in India of the abridgment United States, Don Manuel de Freyre, spoke of by law of the right of religious liberty, both of this at an address to the Pan-American Society: worship and of proclamation. The Nehru Report It goes without saying that business is indeed a very gave assurance of that in its proposed constitu- important factor in uniting countries that live far apart. tion. And the agreement of the five minorities at . . . But to join men together does not necessarily mean that they will get on well together. . . . Friend- the recent Round Table Conference provided: ship stands on a higher plane. It would not be honest to deny that certain barriers between North and South Full religious liberty-that is, full liberty of belief, Americans do exist. . . • We should become acquainted worship, observances, propaganda, associations and educawith not only our material needs, but our spiritual needs tion-shall be guaranteed to all communities, subject to as well. The souls of our nations should come in touch the maintenance of public order and morality. No person one with another. Externals are quickly seized; the hidden shall merely by change of faith lose any civic' right or reactions of the mind and heart are more elusive elements. privilege or be subject to any penalty. The right shall be given to establish, manage and control, at their own Indeed, as has been often pointed out, our mate- expense, charitable, religious and social institutions, schools and other educational establishments, with the rial interests and the relations founded upon them right to exercise their religion therein. The Constitution are the most brittle of all bonds. Kipling's "Peace shall embody adequate safeguards for the protection of of Dives," embodying the idea of the irrefragable religion, culture and personal law and the promotion of value of economic relationships, was exploded with education, language and charitable institutions of the minority communities and for their due share in grants the other axioms of our materialistic civilization given by the State and by self-governing bodies.

in the World War. The only real unity of the But more important than any paper agreements world is biological and spiritual. The missionary are the facts of life. There is not and there never enterprise embodies it with the doctrine of inter- will be, unless India becomes Christian, a unity of racial respect and equality and its sanctions religions in India. So long as there is no unity springing from its conception of one God and the different groups will require and secure tole- Father of all and one Saviour for the common ration and freedom. And when Christianity beneed of mankind. comes the dominant religion, toleration and free- The Principle of ,Religious Liberty dom will be of necessity guaranteed. The missionary enterprise has more to fear It is a strange fact that there is increasing from other influences than from the threat of the blindness across the world to the truth which is abridgment of religious freedom. This threat is

a hopeless battle against God and time. The road it is because that is not believed; it is because the disto martyrdom is always open to those to whom tinctiveness and exclusiveness of the Christian religion has truth and freedom are more than life. The greater been allowed to fade to a certain extent .out .of men's dangers lie in ideas and attitudes that cut the minds, that the CDmpulsive attraction of the Christian faith is less felt at hDme, and that the men are not coming roots of the missionary undertaking, because they into the Church by whom the work of missions .ought to cut the very roots of Christianity. What are these be done. ideas and attitudes? The late Professor James These are things that need to be said in the Denney summed them up in his downright way in plainest way today against the adulation of Mr. his address at the Edinburgh Missionary Confer- Gandhi and his exaltation to a place with Christ and against the preparations that are even now ence in 1910: making in India for his apotheosis. The Hindu- First of all I would say that the Church must have stan Times of September 17, 1931, closes an edia revived and deepened sense that God has given us torial on "Gandhi-The World Teacher" with the something wonderful and incomparable in giving us His words: Son. A great part of the weakness .of the Church con- sists in or arises out of the diffusion in it .of a kind of If the manner in which he has captured the hearts of Christian secularism. There are large numbers of people the Western people is any indication .of the future, it is in the Church at home to whom the Church is something quite pDssible that while his present visit may mark the of-I was going to say exactly, but at all events .of very culminatiDn of his political career, it may als:o inaugurate much-the same kind as a great many other institutions the beginning of a greater and more gloriouR career, that exist fur the ameliDration of society. They can be- namely, of a saviDur not .only of the teeming milliDns .of long to a Church as they belong to any other society that India, but of the teeming millions of the world. Has not does the world good, but they dD nDt feel under any obli- the saint of Sabarmati much in commDn with the Saint gation to belong to it. of Galilee?

Very often the distinctive and specific things that ought The Allahabad Leade'f on August 12, 1931, to characterize the Church, that :ought to be prominent quoted from an Indian paper an article by Ramasin its testimony, that ought to be the testing things of its wanis Aiyar entitled "Gandhi and Christ–Each life-the forgiveness of sin and the presence .of God in Christ and the indwelling of His Spirit and the reality Is Practically the Other." A mass of such litera- .of eternal life-these things are nDt the things that are prominent, but they are dulled and in the background ture has appeared both in India and in the West. somehDw, and the sDuls of men do not live in these things, Mr. Gandhi is not Christ, nor is he a Christian, but in a kind of gODd wDrks such as they might dD any- though he is a good man and ought to be a Chris- where else in the world as well as there. tian. But he is no evidence that Denney's view of There is anDther thing that goes to weaken the Church Christianity is not true. It is the New Testament -and sometimes, strange tD say, it is supposed tD be a view. It is the historic Christian view. It is the reflex effect .of the wDrk .of fDreign missiDns themselves. 'true view. And the Christ of the Gospel is to be There are .other religions in the world beside .our .own, and made known to all men and all men are to be in- YDU are familiar with the idea that those other religiDns have a place and functiDn in the prDvidential gDvernment vited and entreated, "beseeched" as St. Paul said, of the world. The whole question of the existence of to become His disciples, to accept the redeeming other religi.ons and .of their relatiDns tD the Christian deed of God in the Gospel and to help build religion and .of their relative right tD exist and tD function Christ's Church and Kingdom in all the earth. in the life .of the world, is SD difficult a question in- tellectually that many peDple make it an excuse fDr Missionary Propaganda refusing tD interpDse in such a cDmplicated situatiDn, and even begin tD say to themselves sDmething like what If this is propaganda, then it is exactly the Ezekiel heard the Israelites say nearly six hundred years business for which the Christian Church was esbefDre Jesus came, "We will be like the heathen, like the tablished and exists in the world. There is a great families of the countries, to serve wood and stone." Peo- deal of loose and unexamined thinking and speakple say tD themselves, "Weare not going to interfere in ing today on this matter. "Propaganda" is dethis; we will leave the whole affair to PrDvidence tD work it out in its own way; we will not assert anything intDI- nounced and the whole missionary conception of erant .or exclusive in .our faith; we will take .our chance and sink Dr swim with mankind." That kind .of feeling the New Testament is decried as imperialism. We has tainted the mind .of Christendom, and even the mind are told that Christianity is no longer to be con- ceived as the final and absolute and exclusive reof the Christian Church. Now thDse two things have done a great deal to weaken ligion, but only as one of many, and that our busi- the Church, and I believe we need in the home church ness is to "share," not in the sense of sharing preaching directed against them bDth; preaching that will Christ, but in the sense of interchanging ideas bring out what is distinctive and peculiar in the revelatiDn with the non-Christian religions and setting up a that GDd has given us in His SDn, preaching that will pantheon which will contain Christ, to be sure, make men feel that we cannDt evade the responsibility .of that incomparable gift that God has given, preaching but also Buddha and Mohammed and all the that will make everybody feel that the difference between the Christian and the non-Christian attitude tD Jesus is "prophets." Men may hold this view now as they not the difference of mDre or less, or the difference of have held it before, but they may not call it Chrisbetter or worse, but the difference of life or death. And tianity, nor will they find in it the dynamic to

produce the "saints, apostles, prophets, martyrs" and Jerusalem reaffirmations of the historic belief whom the Church has known in the past. In his of the Church. And on those convictions they rest recent Yale Lectures on Preaching, entitled "Jesus the missionary movement today. The fact is that Came Preaching," Dr. Buttrick sets forth a differ- the great body of our Christian people in many of ent view. He said: our denominations distrust some of the leadership of today, because they think it would shift the To the apostles, Jesus, by their experience of Him, missionary enterprise away from its foundations was alone. Phrase it as you will: f.or them Jesus had on the New Testament conception of the Gospel. His .own relationship with God-and He was as far Those missionary agencies and activities will best above a pantheon as the heaven is ab.ove the earth. He weather the present storms and move out into came tQ have absolute value f.or them. . . . The Gos- larger things which satisfy their constituencies pel is an eternal Gospel, from everlasting to everlasting that they are holding fast to the faith of the the overture of God to men in Jesus Christ, and like Him fathers and that fearlessly bring that faith to bear who inscribed it in the ink of His blood, "the same yester- on new problems, new tasks and with ever new day, today and forever." and living adaptation.

William Newton Clark set forth in his "Study For this position today there is ever abiding of Christian Missions" this New Testament con- and ever enlarging need and opportunity. The ception in its bearing on the duty of the Church Church wants the real Gospel preached. And it frankly to go out and to win the world to a faith is the real Gospel that the world needs. Idolatry in Christ different from men's faith in other re- is not mere symbolism. It is the worship of idols ligious teachers, because Christ is different and and needs to be in part destroyed and in part subalone and His religion is different and unique. limated by the knowledge of the God who is Spirit and Truth. Suffering and want are real- in But the question is raised whether this faith is China with its famine, in India with its poverty, any longer held by the Church at home. Dr. Den- and in Africa with its disease. Let anyone read ney intimates that it was waning and that with its Albert Schweitzer's "The Forest Hospital at Lamwane the missionary passion goes out. A recent barene" and he will have a first-hand authentic publication of the Foreign Missions Conference of picture of human misery. There has been too North America asks: much glossing over the facts of the world's abys- mal need of what, in history past and present, The Jerusalem Conference postulated the Message as does not come into human lives or human society f.ormulated by the Lausanne Conference. In what meas- apart from Christ and His influence. ure, if any, is the difficulty today connected with the postulates of misswns? Is the future of missions tied up The present-day issue is whether the Church will continue to hold the Gospel which can meet with: this need, the Gospel of God's redeeming love and a. The continued emphasis and re-emphasis of the long- salvation, and build its missionary enterprise upon accepted bases of motivation as found in the inher- it. There will be some earnest men and women ited standards of faith? or, who will not do so, who will believe that the time b. A discovery of the pre-suppositions actually implicit has come to supersede or reconstruct this Gospel in the present-day thinking of the constituencies at and the world mission built on it. But there will home, and the implication of these positions with also be earnest men and women and Christian respect to efforts to meet human need abroad? Are churches and missionary agencies that will seek we to try to build missionary motivation on the pre- to meet the issues of the new time in new ways, sumptive .or on the actual faith .of church people? but with the same Gospel with which Paul went off across the Roman Empire, and with which In other words, were the Lausanne and J erusa- Cary and Duff laid the foundations in India and lem Conferences wrong in adhering to the historic David Livingstone lifted the sombre fringes of the and New Testament view of Christ and the Gos- night in Africa-the old and ever new, the everpel; ought we now frankly to recognize that these lasting Gospel. old postulates are forsaken and try to build the missionary enterprise on whatever attitudes and opinions we find now current in the Church? Some are seeking to do this. There are others who do not believe that the song about the "faith of our fathers" is to be mere words. They hold as their own the convictions embodied in the Lausanne THE TECHNIQUE OF BEING A CHRISTIAN Dr. Stanley Jones tells of a lady who became a Christian and asked: "Now what are you going to do with me? What is the technique of being a Christian?"

Dr. Jones was not prepared to answer at once, but now he feels that he can reply to such a searching question. India has taught him that .one must "disentangle Christ from the accretiQns which the centuries had gathered arQund Him" so that faith may be "simplified and centered in a persQn." A second .outstanding lesson he learned is that the SermQn on the Mount "constitutes the technique of being a Christian," that it must be made the Christian's working philoSQphy .of life. The goal that it sets befQre man is "tQ be perfect or complete as the Father in heaven is perfect .or cQmplete." Ho"W the African Preacher Preaches 🙁 By Mrs. J. M. SPRINGER, Jadotville, Belgian Congo j:: .• Missionary 0/ the American Methodist Episcopal Church •.

A T the recent Kassai-Katanga Sectional Mis- audience as well, by shouting munyayi. It was I"l.. sionary Conference held in Elisabethville, inexplicable to me, but it was perfectly evident that it had a particular significance to the natives, the discussion regarding the emerging who became instantly all attention. Native Church had a large place. There was no disagreement among the thirtY delegates from the "I knew," continued Mr. Fisher, "that munyayi eight different societies represented as to the was the name of a certain fungus growth on trees, progress that was being made among the Africans but what it had to do with sin in this sermon, I toward a self-sustaining church, and plans to could not imagine." bring about the consummation of that desirable state were discussed with intense interest. Later, when he had the evangelist alone, Mr. Fisher learned the whole story and wondered that Among these missionaries, one alone belonged he had never thought of its application before. In to the second generation. Mr. Singleton Fisher of their folk lore the munyayi, after it attaches itself the Garanganze Brethren Mission is the son of to the tree for a long time and has got its nutri- Dr. Walter Fisher, who pioneered this country as tion from the tree, becomes rotten at the heart a contemporary of Frederick Arnot, who married and loses its power to cling to the tree. Then it Dr. Fisher's sister. Arnot's strenuous pioneering cries out to the tree, "'See, I am falling, falling; experiences took heavy toll from him and he died don't push me off!" The tree replies, "I am not years ago, but Mrs. Arnot is still in Africa and pushing you off; it is your rotten heart that is the was present in May, 1931, at the jubilee commem- cause of your falling." orating the setting out of Mr. Arnot for Africa in 1881. On another occasion Mr. Fisher heard a native preaching to the people about their need of God Having been born in Africa, learning to speak and calling on them to love Him for His own sake. a native language before he learned his mother's Any native will acquiesce most cheerfully to this tongue, Mr. Singleton Fisher was able to make a outwardly, while inwardly making the mental valuable contribution to the discussion from his reservation that that is just a white man's notion own experience. and not pertaining to the life of himself at all. So they listened with their accustomed politeness "It is my profound conviction," he said, "that till suddenly they were startled into genuine inthere will be a strong African Church in the fu- terest by the word Sansembo. ture and that we are on the eve of tremendous things." He went on to say that though he was The preacher did not recount the story of Sanborn in this country and had lived among the sembo, for there was no need. The word itself Africans so many years, he had of late been sur- was enough for them to see the application to the prised to find the native evangelists launching out text. on new and independent lines, reaching the people with illustrations totally outside of his own ken. Sansembo, so runs the legend, was a mighty hunter. But one day while he was living far, far "The native still needs far, far more training from the land of his father's people, a plague than he has ever had up to the present – in the swept over the country-possibly smallpox-and Bible, in church history and in many other things. swept away all of his family, so that he was left But given those, with the native background so alone. This being the case, he thought he would familiar to him, he is able to present the Gospel go back to the tribe from which he sprang and message as no missionary can possibly do. hunt up some of the relatives there. A native especially wants his own kin with whom to live. "For example: We were having a service one day out in the villages and one of our evangelists But Sansembo was shrewd of wit as well as was preaching on sin. The natives were not par- clever with the gun, so he decided to test these ticularly interested, for the sense of sin is notably relatives and see who was who and which ones lacking in the native consciousness. All at once were worth cultivating. He took a small boy along the young man startled the missionary, and his who spoke two languages, the one of the distant [140]

HOW THE AFRICAN PREACHER PREACHES

PROTESTANT MISSIONARIES OF EIGHT SOCIETIES, IN CONFERENCE AT THE WALLACE MEMORIAL CHURCH ELISABETHVILLE, BELGIAN CONGO tribe where he had been living and also of his The boy ran ahead of them and toldSansembo father's tribe. The lad was to conceal the fact what the people had said. When they came to that he understood the latter language. Sansembo and the meat and found the gun intact, When he reached the first village of his father's people, he was greeted and welcomed most effu- they turned on the lad and berated him soundly sively, for the news had spread that he was a for having broken their hearts over the account mighty hunter. They begged him to settle among them, but he made no promises. of Sansembo's death. They told Sansembo how greatly they rejoiced that he was still alive and One day he said that he wanted to go hunting, but he had lost his gun on his long journey, and how they were his devoted relatives and they asked to borrow one of theirs. He wanted the best gun in the village. With some slight hesitation wanted him to live with them always. they let him have it and he went off and bagged his game. But Sansembo gave them back the gun and On his return, instead of entering the village, told them to cut up the meat for themselves. It he stopped some distance out on the veld and sent the small boy to tell the villagers that Sansembo was evident that all they wanted of him was the had shot an eland and a roanbuck. They shouted meat that he could get for them. So saying, he with joy at the news. "But," added the boy, "the pursued his search for more desirable relatives, gun burst." At that news the people began to following the same plan, and with the same regrumble irritably. "And Sansembo himself is sults, until at last one village was found where, dead," the boy concluded. when the lad told the people the story, tliey wept and cried, "What do we care for the gun? We can "Served him quite right," they retorted angrily never eat that meat because of our sorrow at losto one another, "for breaking the best gun in the ing Sansembo. Show us where the body is and we village. We will go out and get the meat and have will go and bury him like a chief and weep for that much, but we wish he had never come here." him for a month as he so deserves."

They were" in genuine grief over his loss. So Sansembo knew that he had found real kinsfolk who loved him for his own sake.

SINGLETON FISHER OF THE GARANGANZE MISSION, Then he went to Saveye, an evangelist-teacher, CENTR:AL AFRICA who called in some of the Christians and they prayed with him till he found forgiveness and The preacher proceeded to press the matter cleansing from sin. Ever since, Ndakala has been home on the people as to whether they had really an ardent witness for Christ and a very efficient ever loved God for His own sake, or were merely soul-winner. trying to get all the benefits they could from Him and wanted nothing more. Such an illustration Then there was Lucy. She had been converted was obvious to the dullest old heathen in the as a child in the Methodist Mission. According to village. Incidentally, it is also an illustration that custom, her parents had married her to a trader would not come amiss in some of our most exclu- when she was still scarcely more than a child. sive churches in America. The trader had once been a Christian, but had so backslidden that he hated the very name of Christ An illustration something like this pierced the and everything pertaining to religion. sodden brain of Ndakala, who was an addict of hemp-smoking till he had seemingly lost all moral Lucy and her husband travelled around from and human sense. He came upon a native who village to village, selling their wares. Lucy rarely had a New Testament, and as it was read to him saw a Christian and was much less able to attend he became strongly convicted of sin. He had church. Finally they drifted onto the railroad heard the missionary preach what was probably construction, where there was plenty of money in a much better sermon many times, but he had circulation, and Lucy's husband settled down for merely thought, "Oh, that is just the white man's a time. religion; it has nothing to do with me," Here Lucy found a woman by the name of Fo- After some days of agony over his sins, he toma, who used to call all the women together to sought out a devoted Christian and began to tell have meetings. As Lucy heard her speak, the him what a wicked man he had been. The native dying embers of her soul were quickened into a Christian went on calmly working at his job as a blaze of love for her Saviour. She had learned to carpenter and after awhile remarked laconically, read and write at the mission and now Fotoma "It is not your sins that is the matter with you, told her that the first thing she must do was to but sin." buy aNew Testament. When the native colporter came around, she bought a hymn book and a Tes- Ndakala went away more stricken than ever, tament, and as she read the Gospels her heart and for two weeks wept and prayed without any became so overcharged with joy that she had to relief. find an outlet and began to testify to those whom she met. This made her husband so furious that he gave up his flourishing trade and took Lucy far away from "that ranting crowd."

However, Lucy kept right on testifying and tell- ing about Jesus in the heathen villages where they were. Many reviled and jeered at her, but she was not dismayed. She worked hard every day in her garden, just like the other women, but she began to work early and finished early and then went forth evangelizing. Finally she ran across two young men who had also been at a mission and had backslidden after they returned to their vil- lages. As they heard Lucy they, too, were smitten and turned again to Christ. A large stream of converts has followed.

What the African Preacher Needs Mr. Fisher concludes his interesting story: "We must give the natives the best we have, especially of the Bible. We missionaries need to be saturated with the Bible.

"But we must not only give them a thorough introduction to the Bible, especially of the stories and facts, but we must teach them the facts of Christian history, notably the accounts of the martyrs and of devoted followers of Christ. They

need as much as we can give them of general A faint touch of white clay shows that it has knowledge, of elementary science, etc. It is not so come from a certain stream and is headed toward much that we should teach them all that is in the some feeding grounds on ahead. Further he reads Bible as that we must train them to get out of it that it is a female and that she has five little ones for themselves the nourishment it contains. with her, but the male was not with her. All this he gathers from a broken leaf or twig which first "You can trust the native to make deductions. caught his eye. He is well trained in that process. He is called on to draw his deductions from the slightest factors "The native pastor needs to be so inducted to that are wholly beyond the range of the white Bible study that he can draw his own illustrations man. first hand. He needs a good background of church history and he needs to learn many, many things DEMAS CHAMA. AN AFRICAN PREACHER. AND HIS FAMILY from the missionary by example as well as by word of mouth. It is the emerging native pastor "For example: A man is walking along the who must and will eventually lead his own people trail and sees a broken leaf on a shrub. To us it and head up the emerging Native Church." is only a broken leaf. To him there is the deduction that a wild pig has recently passed this way. There is, however, still a very pressing need and ample scope for all the missionaries now on the field and for many more in order that we may do this necessary training of evangelists for the great demand that is being made for them. The Christian Church is not keeping pace with the increasing population. There are actually more heathen in Central Africa today than there were fifty years ago when Arnot and Swan entered the country, in spite of the fact that then there was not a single native who had even heard the Gospel and now there are thousands of native Christians. The native pastor must truly increase, but he can not go forward unless he have the missionary be- hind him to prepare him for the work of getting his own deductions out of the Bible. The Word of God must first be put into his language by the missionary and then taught and the historical background given him.

God speed the day when the Church at home will realize this tremendous need for more mis- sionaries.

LORD IRWIN ON MISSIONS It is a common thing to hear the work of Christian missions disparaged. Generally the work of disparagement is done by those who have no knowledge of the facts, who probably never read a book on missionary work, never contributed a cent to the support of missions nor breathed a prayer for the extension of Christ's Kingdom throughout the world. It is those who are most vitally in contact with the work of missionaries who are the greatest supporters of them. They see the work of the Lord in heathen hearts, they see His arm bare in saving and redeeming power, they see lives changed, redeemed and sanctified, and souls saved for time and eternity. These facts are apparent to everyone who cares to take the trouble to investigate. It is the stay-at-home arm-chair critic who shuts his eyes blindly to the blessed results of the Gospel preaching around the world who "does not believe in missions."

Recently Lord Irwin, former Viceroy of India, addressed a gathering in London and paid a striking tribute to the work of the missionary in that great land. He said among other things– "While I was Viceroy I was able to see a good deal of their work, and appreciate not only its moral and social results, but the spirit in which it was conducted. Among outcasts and lepers, among criminal tribes, or aboriginal dwellers in jungle tracts, in crowded cities and remote places in the hills, I have seen men and women slaving devotedly to translate the message of Christ into the practical language of Him who went about doing good. In spite of the tragedy of disunity within the Christian ranks, they are doing work of quite incalculable value to India, and their most powerful sermons are in their' lives."

Evangelical Christian.

Christians and the Je-ws

..q! I By MAX I. REICH, Morrisville, Pa. J: ..

~~~~~~~~~==~~==~==~~~ C HRISTIANITY is a divinely instituted mis- Church is the daughter to the synagogue. Has she sionary religion. The Church of Christ be- always been a respectful daughter? The Church's lieves that she has been entrusted with a approach to the Jew must necessarily be different wonderful message to all peoples. To make an from her approach to the nations of the heathen exception of any particular nation is to be untrue world. For "salvation is of the Jews," and if sal- to her calling and to harm her deepest life. vation has come to the Gentiles, it is "to provoke Yet voices are heard today saying that the them to jealousy." So far Gentiles, professing Christian Church ought to make such an excep- that salvation, have failed to make the Jews tion with regard to the Jewish people. "jealous." They have given them the impression Time was when the attitude of the so-called that Christianity is a gentilish fabrication instead Christian world towards the Jews living within of the fulfilment of the deepest quest in the Jew- her borders was that of unfriendliness. Grave ish heart.

wrongs were committed against that people, The religion of Christ is not intended to be the wrongs that were sanctioned and even encouraged destruction of Judaism, but its glorious fulfilment by those claiming to represent the Christian and transfiguration. It should not detach Jewish Church. Is it to be wondered at that, as a result, believers in the Messiah, foretold in their own the Gospel message was prejudiced in Jewish Scriptures, from their people, but rather it should eyes? We may even say that during the dark make them Israelites indeed.

centuries, when the so-called Christian world It is far better to be a good Jew than a poor penned up the Jews in filthy ghettos, there was Christian. We have, perhaps, been too anxious to more real piety and purity of life inside the ghet- "convert" the Jew. Rather awaken the God- tos than outside. consciousness in his soul, so that he will seek to But should the Christian Church of today de- rediscover the secret of the prophets, the psalm- cide to withhold from the Jewish people the mes- ists, the saints, the seers and mystics of his won- sage of salvation in the Messiah, who is the true derful past. That will put him in the way that "Glory of Israel"? Even though Israel does not leads straight to the greatest self-revelation of the yet see that glory, Christians would commit a God of Israel-the Messiah.

greater wrong against the ancient People of God Many of the modern missionary methods, which than when the Church systematically persecuted our Jewish brethren so deeply resent, may hinder and oppressed them. rather than help forward the attainment of this What are the facts? The mass of the Jewish goal. Perhaps we may have to change our meth- people today are religiously adrift. Hundreds of ods. But should we also change the original char- thousands of them are either altogether irrelig- ter of our commission, to testify to both Jews and ious or are seeking to slake their spiritual thirst Greeks, repentance towards God and faith to- by turning to strange shrines and drinking of wards our Lord Jesus Christ?

alien streams. The synagogue no longer meets Let us rather hasten the day when it will be their need. Judaism is felt to be a misfit in our possible to have a Jewish-Christian community, modern world. inside the environment of Jewry, and in loving Is the Christian Church to be blamed or to be touch with everything Jewish, and recognizing all commended if she says to these Jews not only, the "good" there is in the synagogue, but a com- "Come and join our quest for God and truth," but, munity that is able to demonstrate by transfigured "Come and share our discovery"? lives the "better" things that are found only by There is another side to the question. The union with the living Christ.

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Recent Changes In

By the REV. RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER, D. D.

New York ):-.

Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church T REMENDOUS changes have taken place in long been teaching that human welfare is an es- the social, industrial, rural and educational sential part of the program of Jesus. life of the Mexican people. There are evi- Protestant churches have gained in leadership dences on every side of the practical working out and are growing in self-support. Most of the work of attempts to reconstruct Mexican life and to lay of the Church is now in the hands of Mexicans.

the foundations of a new, unified, progressive They lay emphasis on personal loyalty to Jesus state. Christ as Saviour and Lord, an evidence of sal- One cannot understand the deep significance of vation in personal living, and a deep interest in what is going on in Mexico without sOII1:e knowl- all social problems.

edge of her history and the social, rural and in- The increased emphasis on education by the dustrial heritage which nearly four hundred years government, so manifest throughout the Repub- of foreign influence-ecclesiastical, political and lic, will sooner or later make it necessary for the commercial- have left upon Mexico. evangelicals to define the purpose of the Church.

The revolution in Mexico has been essentially Schools in Mexico have the same problem which an effort to give the twelve or more millions of is appearing throughout the world. In both teach- peons or serfs the essentials of life. This means ing method and in character building, the church that they must have access to the soil and must schools have something very much better than be trained in responsible farming. Labor must no those controlled by the government.

longer be exploited. The people must be educated One cannot speak too highly of the Protestant and the health of every community must be safe- educational institutions. It is amazing what is guarded. being accomplished with such a small financial This revolution has involved the complete di- investment. Most of their income is from student vorcing of the Church from all political movements fees, but all of these schools must soon have some and civil institutions. These religious regulations endowment if their equipment and teaching staff were first being enforced five years ago. Those are to be kept in high order.

regulations forced a changed status upon all cleri- Out of these schools are coming not only the lay cal missionaries, the separation of all schools from and ministerial leaders of the evangelical churches Church control, the elimination of religious teach- but also many of the intelligent and sympatheti- ing from elementary schools, the confiscation of cally minded group of influential people in the Church property, and the registration of this social and educational and political life of Mexico property with the state, and the giving up of all who do not ally themselves with the Protestant civil rights by Church ministers. Naturally, those churches.

days brought much confusion, uncertainty, and New opportunities are arising in modern Mex- many difficult problems. ico which are a distinct challenge to the evangeli- The Evangelical Christian Movement has be- cal forces. Outstanding among these is a new come well adjusted to the new conditions. The approach to the young, educated Mexicans-the decision of the evangelical leaders quietly to ad- products of government schools, the rural and just themselves to the law, including all the regu- state normal schools for teachers, and the national lations regarding property, schools, registration, university. This group is increasing by thousands etc., contrasted with the attitude of the Roman each year. Many have long since lost interest in Catholic hierarchy and the so-called strike of .the the Roman Catholic Church in Mexico, and the Catholic clergy. The Evangelical Movement now coming generation of young Mexicans, educated, has an acknowledged place in the life of Mexico influential and modern in every respect, are likely and evangelicals have an increasing influence, as to grow up without any religious education what- is evidenced in the strength, initiative and sense ever. Some wili be antagonistic to all religion, for of responsibility shown by evangelical leaders, the influence from Russia and elsewhere has al- both ministers and laymen. The evangelicals have ready penetrated Mexico and is common talk in [145]

educated circles. This need can be met only by a Methodists, Presbyterians and Congregationalists, sympathetic approach outside the ordinary evan- but now there are other denominations repregelical church circles. sented. Anyone from the States may join this American church by bringing a letter of recom- Another opportunity of almost equal importance mendation without disturbing his active memberis the provision of good Christian literature for ship at home. children, boys and girls, young people, and educated adults. This' will vary in type, but the Still another cooperative Protestant organizachances now for this service will never again ap- tion is the Young Men's Christian Association, pear to quite the same degree. There is also the which was started thirty years ago and has beopportunity of creating a really indigenous cur- come a very large and influential Christian force riculum for religious instruction of children and in Mexico City and throughout the Republic. The youth. Two kinds of literature are needed: one association has over 4,000 paid members and has for the Christian nurture of the evangelical com- had a large influence in shaping Mexico's new recmunity and the other for the increasing thousands reational development. It has had a considerable who are able to read, but for whom little is to be influence upon the lives of present-day Mexican found in the Spanish language. Much that is leaders who have been members of the association. obtainable now is positively vicious, lustful and poisonous. The Committee on Cooperation in Latin Amer- ica, under the able secretaryship of Dr. Samuel Dr. Elisha A. King writes that today there are Guy Inman, is composed of representatives of the at least seventeen Protestant organizations at American Protestant groups serving in Mexico, work in Mexico. The American Baptist Home Central and South America. It has done much to Missionary Society entered in 1861. The Ameri- foster a better understanding and a more Chriscan Friends Board of Foreign Missions and the tian cooperation between the two continents, and Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the has promoted evangelization, Christian education, Protestant Episcopal Church began operations in and the production of Christian literature for 1870. The Presbyterian (U. S. A.), the Methodist these lands. It has also helped place the longings Episcopal (South) and the American Board (Con- and needs of the people of these southern repubgregational) entered in 1872. The Presbyterian lics upon the hearts and minds of North American Church South entered in 1874. The American friends. Bible Society began its activities in 1878 and the International Committee of the Y. M. C. A. started It is difficult to secure accurate statistics as to its work in 1902. The Southern Baptist Society how many Protestants there are in Mexico today. did not enter until 1880. The Christian (Disciples) The number is about 50,000, of whom 18,000 are Woman's Board of Missions began work in 1895. Presbyterians, 15,000 Methodists and 700 Congre- Other denominations, such as the Seventh-Day gationalists. The balance is divided amongnumer- Adventists, the Nazarenes, and the Church of ous other denominations. Very likely there are God, also carryon missionary work. 50,000 actual church members and a very large constituency of interested people. At first the missionaries carried on their activities anywhere they pleased, but a time came when The methods of work used are evangelistic it was felt that there ought to be some better way preaching, church services, Sunday schools, day of evangelizing the country. Consequently a con- schools, industrial schools, higher educational inference of denominational leaders was held in stitutions, social settlement work, hospitals and Cincinnati in 1914 and it was agreed to divide dispensaries, and, of course, the diversified activi- Mexico among the Congregationalists, Presbyte- ties of the Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A. G. Baez rians, Methodist Episcopal (South) and Methodist Comargo, Secretary of the Mexican National Episcopal (North) and the Disciples and Friends. Christian Council, an outstanding religious leader The other denominations decided to continue to go of Latin America, has done wonderful service for .their own way and locate where they pleased. The Protestant Christianity in Mexico, especially in the plan has worked well so far as the denominations field of religious education. He has the support of accepting it have been concerned. all the Protestant bodies at work in Mexico.

One of the most interesting Protestant develop- Rev. Victoriano D. Baez, in "The Genius of ments is the Union Theological Seminary, organ- Mexico," says truly: "Protestantism in Mexico is ized in Mexico City in 1917, with Dr. John How- not fighting to impose its creeds on Catholicism land, a Congregational minister, as its first presi- or any other branch of religion, but is trying to dent. enter into cooperation with all the living forces in the country – social, philanthropic, cultural and Another interesting development of this co- religious – for the moral elevation, social betteroperative plan is the Union Evangelical Church ment and complete redemption of the Mexican in Mexico City. It was originally made up of people."

Progress In Puerto

..:J! By JARVIS S. MORRIS, San German, Puerto Rico J!:..

I N the matter of evangelism the Presbytery of They strive toward an evangelical code of morals, Puerto Rico is the most active presbytery for but feel that they cannot give themselves over to its size in the whole General Assembly. While the churches because of social, political or comthe whole Church won one member on confession mercial considerations. Large numbers of the of faith for every 20.4 members, the Puerto Rican men are Masons, despite the opposition of the Church added one for every 7.6 members. Only Roman Church. Probably less than five per cent four presbyteries made a better average than this: of the people who call themselves Catholics regu- North Arizona, Jonesboro (Ark.), Rendall (Cana- larly attend the confessional or the mass. Only dian Synod), and Birmingham (Tenn.). All of when the images of Christ, the Virgin, and the these are very small, the largest having 730 mem- saints are being carried through the streets at bel's, whereas the Island Presbytery has' 3,266. Christmas and Easter do the people attend the worship in any large numbers. Twenty-five presbyteries in the Church have between 3,000 and 4,000 church members, and If a Puerto Rican leader, with a personality reamong these the average number of new members sembling that of Gandhi or Kagawa, should arise received on confession was one in every 21.2. The to lead a movement of evangelical thought, couched record of the Island Presbytery is almost three in the aesthetic forms so dear to the Latin imagitimes as large; it actually received 428 on con- nation, he would no doubt find a large following fession. and could build a church on liberal lines some- thing like the Old Catholic Church. Would it be Admitting that the Kingdom of God cometh not called the Evangelical Catholic Church? with the counting of heads, we find cause for thanksgiving in the evangelistic leadership of this To this unchurched group the evangelical insular presbytery which is only a short genera- churches could appeal effectively if they would tion old. The rapid growth may be attributed to unite in one United Evangelical Church of Puerto a number of causes: Rico. Last year three of the nine denominations- the United Brethren, the Congregationalists, and 1. The ministry is distinctly Puerto Rican. the Christians-united to form a church by that There is only one continental American serving a name and invited the others to unite with them. church in the whole presbytery – the English- Thus far, however, the union is made up of only speaking church of the Polytechnic Institute at the three denominations. The Presbyterians have San German. There are only four American not accepted because they fear a lowering of the members of the presbytery. The chairman of the educational standards of the ministers, a decrease mission is a Puerto Rican, the Rev. Angel Archilla in ministerial salaries, and the loss of their fely Cabrera, D. D. A people can best be won to lowship with the church in the north. The Pres- Christ through its own leaders. byterians number as many as the three denomi- nations combined in the union. To enter the union 2. The presbytery is made up almost entirely of would mean sacrifice at a number of points, but young men. Nine-tenths of the churches are served the gains of presenting a united front to the by pastors under forty years 'Of age, and many people would far outweigh such a loss. pastors are under thirty. Whatever their other faults, young men are enthusiastic and active. Evangelical churches could further strengthen their effectiveness by placing more emphasis on 3. In spite of its ancient Roman Catholic tra- worship-form and ritual, pageantry and those dition and heritage, Puerto Rico is not Romanist beautiful forms in which God's truth glows. It is by conviction, but only by habit and sentiment. difficult to build a great Latin Evangelical Church Many of the people are beginning to think inde- upon the plain Anglo-Saxon lines. The religion of pendently and to search for a larger way of life. an artistic people must contain more aesthetic and Some who reject Roman Catholicism as a means emotional elements than that of a practical, workof salvation go into the evangelical churches. a-day people. Few of the Protestant Church edi- fices compare in beauty with those of the Roman Many educated and refined people are no longer tied to the old religious customs and yet have not found spiritual homes in the evangelical churches.

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Church. The evangelicals have been careful not to talk to her boy and lead him into the Church, but cause offense by having pictures, statues or other when the pastor asked if she wanted him to try to forms of adornment in the churches. They have persuade her daughter also, she replied: "Oh, no! certainly offended none, but they may have failed My girl must remain a Catholic." They fear that to inspire many. the girls cannot marry men of the better families if they become Cultistas. Even this distinction SAN GERMAN-THE OLDEST CHURCH IN THE WESTERN between the social requirements upon the different HEMISPHERE. BUILT IN 1530 sexes, however, is becoming less noticeable.

From the days of the "conquistadores" there At the beginning of the work the churches sufhave been in Puerto Rico the owning class and fered from the lack of trained leadership. The the laboring class. Even the rapid progress of first pastors were poorly trained, but now two democracy has not destroyed the line of demarka- growing institutions insure intellectual and spirtion, as it has scarcely done even in the United itual training-the Polytechnic Institute and the States. As the common people heard Jesus gladly, Union Theological Seminary at Rio Piedras, both it was the common people who heard gladly the interdenominational. The former offers a liberal first evangelical missionaries. The so-called upper arts course of four years with a distinct Christian classes, the old families, have held back, since the tone, granting the A. B. degree. An organized first cause of this holding back on the part of the student Presbyterian Church has in its memberwealthier and more socially elite was that the ship about sixty-five per cent of the student body. common people were there first. The officers of Bible and Christian education courses provide for the churches were shoemakers, share-croppers, a major, and twelve term hours are required of and the like. The aristocrats would have had to each student to receive the degree. Daily morning sit in the pews beside their servants, perhaps, for prayers, weekly Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. meetings, the young Church demanded democracy and would and Sunday school and church provide religious not provide two types of seats as the Catholic instruction, inspiration, and opportunity of exchurches did. So social barriers kept them out of pression. The Polytechnic Institute has graduated the churches. five classes of college-trained young men and women, who are taking their places of moral There is another reason: The common people leadership in their respective fields. heard the emotional without the aesthetic appeal, but the upper classes wanted the intellectual and MARQUIS SCIENCE HALL. POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE. aesthetic as well. SAN GERMAN Today the social barriers to the Gospel are The Evangelical Seminary offers a three-year breaking down slowly but steadily. Every year theological course. An increasing number of minsees an increasing number of the educational and isterial candidates are taking a full college course many political leaders of the island embracing either in the University of Puerto Rico or in the Protestantism. Polytechnic Institute before they take the theo- logical course. The struggle between the Gospel and social customs has brought forth a number of interesting The future of evangelicalism in Puerto Rico is developments. The women have accepted far more hopeful because of the growing spirit of unity, readily than the men, because of the moral stand- the vigor of the churches and ministers, and the ards upheld by the evangelicals. The old double developing equipment to train capable leadership. standard obtains to a marked degree in Puerto The Church will rise as her leaders encourage and Rico. Whereas these standards keep many work- lead her upward. ing men out of the Church, when their wives and daughters enter, the social customs keep the women and girls of the higher class out of the Church, whereas the men of the same group accept more readily. A mother urged a pastor to

Dynamic of Home Missions*

..:( By the REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D. D., New York J!: ..

President of the Home Missions Council and Secretary of the Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U.S.A.

I F WE define opportunity in terms of needs we have turned aside from the paths of joy, for and problems, the Christian Church in Amer- everywhere discontented, weary faces tell the tale. ica never had such an opportunity as it has Selfishness has born its unfailing harvest of grief today. Never were the needs of the home mission and wrong and injustice. One phase of evil suc- fields so great and the problems of administration ceeds another, or an outer evil changes to an so vital to the nation, to the inner, until it seems an endless, world, and to the Kingdom of hopeless task to reform our- God, as in this critical hour. This is an age when men selves or our nation or our w 0 r s hip power-political, The Master is saying again to world. His representatives: "Say not financial, mechanical, elec- This is a conclusion to which ye four months, and then trical power. They are tired cometh harvest." This is the of theories or methods that we are being gradually, slowly, word of agriculture, of indus- do not produce results. The unwillingly driven. If ever the try, of commerce, of govern- missionary cause is sometimes universe conspired to press any ment today, but it is not the criticised today for lack of truth upon the mind of man, it power to change conditions- is conspiring at this moment word of religion if by religion whatever may h a v e been to convince him that he is not we mean Christianity and by achieved in the past. sufficient unto himself, that he Christianity we mean Christ. Dr. McDowell, the Presi- was not meant to live and work dent of the Home Missions This is His word to us today: Council, delivered, at the re- apart from God; that human "Behold, I say unto you, lift up cent conference in Toronto, nature is so constituted as to be your eyes and look on the fields, an address that struck fire. dependent upon the transcendfor they are white already unto It gave the secret of power- ent God. harvest." the "Dynamic of Home Mis- It is well that these facts are The present is not only an sions"-and it is the same slowly finding their way into hour to look out, it is an hour the con sci 0 usn e s s of the that transforms churches and to look up; not only an hour to individuals. It is worth read- Church, the nation and the look up, but an hour to look ing. world. Practically, if not theo- within, within ourselves, our retically, we have repudiated churches and our Home Mis- our dependence upon God. As a sion organization, to discover not only our needs, result, our spiritual disaster has already come. We but our supreme need-the one thing without have banished joy, peace and order from our midst.

which we cannot fulfil our mission or realize our Despite increasing knowledge and more perfect purpose, namely, an adequate dynamic for our machinery, greater skill and larger expenditure work. in religious ministry, more thought and culture If ever Christianity in terms of home missions in the Church, nothing avails to put inward life had its chance, it is now. The present national and movement into the Christianity of today.

and international conditions are demonstrating Everywhere there is tentativeness and hesitation, conclusively that human resources at their best a want of initiative, of heartiness, and adventure.

are unequal to the demands of this tragiG and be- Pathetic withdrawals, retrenchments, and timid wildering hour. We see more clearly than ever compromises mark the track of missionary effort that with all our getting and planning, our doing and Christian service. The strong, positive, sus- and striving, we are never really happy, even in taining, inspiring, sacrificial, courageous note is the palmy days of prosperity. It is evident that lacking. The· power to produce a s·pontaneous and effective spiritual impulse does not seem to be at ;2~~~~~eg.a:!J~~Ja!~~:14~e~~rl. of the Home Missions Council available in this very challenging and critical time.

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Let us hope and pray that by our woes and Acts," that certain things did not make the Aposdisillusionments we are being made ready to re- tolic Church. turn to God; that we are beginning to desire that He should come and take the reins out of our Numbers did not make it; its membership was weak hands; that the time will come, and come never large. soon, when "the government shall be upon His shoulders." Society, pierced with a thousand Organization did not make it; it had little or wrongs, sees in this its cure. no organization.

At this great crisis in the moral and spiritual Equipment did not make it; the Apostolic history of our race, let us make no mistakes as to Church was not noted for its buildings and facilwhat we need. It certainly is not more science, ities. more knowledge, more machinery, more money, but a new spiritual power that this torn world of Wealth did not make it; its membership was ours-weary with efforts and struggles, with from the poor. methods and mechanics, with figures and facts, with pronouncements and programs-insistently Prestige did not make it; in all probability one and persistently demands. All religious organi- would have had great difficulty in locating the zations must face the fact that there is nothing Apostolic Church in anyone of the cities or this distracted and distressed world needs more, centers at that time. and would more heartily welcome today, than an influx of spiritual power. The supreme need of What, then, did make the Apostolic Church? the hour is spiritual power. Other needs, great as they are, sink into insignificance beside this 3. The Apostolic Church was made by the Aposurgent, vital and imperative need. tolic ministry.

In the consciousness of the unparalleled oppor- It is obvious from the record that the Apostles tunity offered to the home missionary enterprise were men captured by the reality of Christ's today, and the need of an adequate dynamic to claims, the beauty of His life, the adequacy of His meet this unparalleled opportunity, I soaked my- teaching, the value of His death, the power of His self last summer in the Book of "The Acts," the resurrection, and the supremacy of His Spirit. "Life of Dwight L. Moody," and the last Annual It is utterly impossible to explain the power and Report of the Home Missions Council. I wanted progress of the Apostolic Church apart from the to discover, first, the supreme need of the home Apostolic ministry. Here, again, the book of "The mission enterprise, and, second, an adequate Acts" makes it clear that certain things did not dynamic to meet this need. Out of this experience make the Apostolic ministry. the following convictions registered themselves relative to the dynamic of all missionary service. Learning did not make it; outside of the Apostle Paul, none of the Apostles were learned men. What Made the Apostolic Age Unique Official position did not make it; none of them held official positions in either the Church or State.

Money did not make it; they had no budget; they were numbered among the poor.

Influence did not make it; Peter and John did not have enough influence to keep out of prison.

What, then, did make the Apostolic ministry?

1. The Apostolic Age is the greatest age in the 4. The Apostolic ministry was made by cooperhistory of the Christian Church. ation with the Holy Spirit in making Jesus Christ a living reality to all men. Measured by whatsoever standards you please, the Apostolic Age stands unique in its task, its The Holy Spirit to the Apostolic ministry was difficulties, its achievements, and its influence. It more than a religious phrase or a theological term. was this age that gave us the Christian Church, When God promised the Holy Spirit to man, it the New Testament, the Christian Lord's Day, was the deepest, holiest reality of His being that and made Christendom possible. Apart from the He meant-not only His thought, His words, His Apostolic Age it is impossible to understand benefits, but the very ground of them. What He Christian civilization. What made the Apostolic has given to humanity in the Holy Spirit is His Age? heart and life and power. _ 2. The Apo,stolic Age was made by the Apos- Cooperation with the Holy Spirit made Christ tolic Church. a definite, personal experience in the life and work According to the Book of "The Acts," the Apos- of the Apostolic ministry. It made fellowship tolic Church was a converting, transforming, in- with Christ a transforming power. It also made spiring, conquering Church. It changed not only the Gospel of Christ "the power of God unto sal- individuals, but communities and ultimately na- vation to everyone who believeth"; it made the tions. It is clear, also from the book of "The . Great Commission of Christ an inescapable obli-

THE DYNAMIC OF HOME MISSIONS

gation, and self-sacrifice for Christ a privilege and and cultured; the moral life and intellectual a joy. Apart from cooperation with the Holy capacity of her membership are keyed to a higher Spirit, it is impossible to explain or understand pitch than ever before; her preaching is the best the life, work and power of the Apostolic ministry. the world has ever heard from an intellectual standpoint; her services are beautiful and at- Power for the Present Day tractive; her organization is well nigh perfect; 5. The only adequate dynamic for home mis- her equipment surpasses that of any other age; sions in our day is a spiritual dynamic that will but what of results? Are they not pitifully make Jesus Christ a living reality in the life of all meagre by comparison with the outlay? Are not men, regardless of creed, color or condition. many of our churches living on from year to year without any additions on confession of faith in Experience has shown conclusively that the Christ, and without any perceptible influence on scientific mind, the philosophic mind, the economic the communities in which they are located? mind, and the social mind, without the glow of spiritual truth and spiritual power, cannot save In lands like ours we rightly expect the Chrisman or regenerate the nation. Our age has more tian Church to be the all-potent influence concomforts, but it lacks satisfaction; it has more trolling in every department of life, shaping ease, but it lacks peace; it has more science, but ~olitics, guiding industry, molding society, swayit secretly hungers for Christ. mg commerce, commanding the loyal services of all intelligent persons and banishing all unchris- Organized Christianity has been shaken to its tian forces. But it is not so. Why? Because, foundations. The ordinary course of practical w~th all her equipment of wealth and machinery, experimental religion has been arrested and has wIth all her purity and culture, with all her separated into innumerable shallow streams that prestige and persistence, there is not sufficient meander aimlessly and feebly over wide tracks of spiritual power in the Church to make this efhuman life, but without power to fertilize and fective. Of what avail is the most perfect organirenew them. zation, the most complete equipment, the most ac- Experience has shown that it is not enough to curate knowledge, the most attractive service if there be no dynamic within to make them efbe occupied with the machinery of the home missionary enterprise, with the multiplication and improvement of home missionary organizations fectual? and institutions. These are not primarily the "In this world of shallow believers and weary means by which the new heart and a new state of workers," says Phillips Brooks, "how we need the society will come into being. They are rather the Holy Spirit. We may go on our way, ignoring instruments that will be used when it has come- all the time the very forces we need to help us the home in which it will dwell, the temple in do our work. These forces still may help us. which it will worship, the body in which it will The Holy Spirit may help us, will surely help us serve. Such agencies have a great function, but· as far as He can, even if we do not know His that function is not the creation of life itself. If name or ever call upon Him. But there is so much we ask them to create the living impulse, we are more He might do for us if we would only open imposing upon them a task of which they are in- our hearts and ask Him to come into them." capable. We shall be disappointed-finding again, We need, as representatives of the home missionas we have found in the past and are finding now, ary enterprise, to hold our faith in the Holy Spirit as the dynamic of our work, not as a form of that with every outward appliance and equipment in missionary service there is but little stir or words bu t as aeflfiovritnsgapnodwmera,kiinnsgpiursinignsoturrumlievnets~ movement; that while perfect organizations vitalizing our abound, the life that should fill and use them lags in the hands of God for the conversion and saving of souls. far behind.

We are more and more convinced that we can- What Is Required of Us not go on living as we have done in the past. If the future of North America is to be Christian, It is evident that the primary problem confront- we must recover the spiritual impulse that has ing home missions today is in the realm of been lost. Nay, it is not enough to recover it, we dynamics, rather than in the realm of mechanics.

must have a far mightier spiritual power in this The need of the hour is not more knowledge, but day of complex needs, multiplied problems, and more action; not more campaigns, but more con- challenging conditions than we have ever had in secration; not more statistics, but more spiritual- the past. ity; not more councils, but more cooperation with We have everything else. Never was the the Holy Spirit. What, then, does cooperation church so well equipped as today. She is wealthy with the Holy Spirit demand of us today in home

missions? Let us make it clear that it demands the thought of our lands, to proclaim that there at least the following things: is not a thought in philosophy, not an ideal in 1. Consecrated pers.onality. History shows ethics, not a principle in sociology, not a program that God has always worked through persons, per- in practical reform worth considering that is not sons who are possessed by His purpose, fired with implicit and explicit in Christianity. The most His principles, and filled with His spirit. Con- urgent appeal of our day to representatives of secrated personality in home missions is the only Christ is to bring every thought-social, political, thing that makes the goodness of God visible, the economic, intellectual, national and international forgiveness of God genuine, the sympathy of God -into captivity to Jesus Christ. A program of natural, and the love of God irresistible. The exclusively external betterment is often declared Spirit of God today is seeking for men and women to be synonymous with or a sufficient substitute in whom Christianity is more than a set of correct for essential Christianity. Such a claim is a conviews, more than a system of philosophy, to whom tradiction to the truth that "man shall not live by it is a way of life, of discipline, of service, and bread alone."

an utter self-committal to a career of unceasing If home missions is to bring every thought into service and unlimited sacrifice. Every problem captivity to Jesus Christ, home mission repre- confronting the nation today is waiting, in the sentatives must know the mind of Christ regard- last analysis, for consecrated personality. This ing the social problems of our day, such as the call has been nowhere more pointedly stated than problems of wealth, poverty, industry, unemploy- in the following excerpt from a letter recently ment, and insecurity of economic position in in- addressed to the members of the Clergy Club of dustry. These problems combine to create a New York by the Rev. Charles H. Parkhurst on strong demand for a social as well as an individual the occasion of the unveiling of his picture by the expression of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, and this club: demand creates an obligation from which no in- I feel that this is an unusual occasion. I understand dividual or institution bearing the name of Jesus that you plan, first, to unveil me, and then to hang me. Christ can consistently escape. The hour is lt hardly seems right for me not to be around at such an calling, and calling loudly, for Christians who are intimate ceremony. The least I can do is to appear by not afraid to reason or ashamed to believe. The proxy, so I send you this affectionate greeting. ultimate foundation of every nation is a way of thinking. As a nation thinketh in its heart, so Seriously, there are not enough unveilings or enough hangings in New York City. The whole world knows that our politicians have degraded the word "corruption," but is it. we need chapter, verse and telephone numbers to prove it. There are charges aplenty, but not enough of the kind The home missionary enterprise cannot estab- that go in cannon. Our moral powder only makes a pretty lish the Kingdom of God in North America on bon-fire, unless we ram it down a pointed nozzle before hearsay, or convert the world by those who can igniting it. When shall our corrupt city put on incorrup- only tell what other people are thinking. It detion? When all of you, my dear friends, decide with your mands apostles, not reporters; men of convictions, whole soul that it shall do so. 'not echoes; original witnesses, not men who can sift and state the judgment of others; heroes by The personal touch is at the beginning of every the compulsions of the soul, not straws floating on new departure in individual and national life. the stream of current opinion. The home mis- Consecrated personality is the crowning wonder sionary enterprise can do nothing with mere of this wonderful universe. Men make history; traditionalists. It demands men who do their own men make home missions. It is personal char- thinking, toil through to their own conclusions, acter that counts. Nothing is so potent as soul and go to their work with the impact of a perforce in the establishment of the Kingdom of God. sonal conviction and the conquering energy of a The new man and the new nation are bought with personal character. A man's religion is not worth price-aye, with the price of consecrated person- much until it is more than an echo. It may begin ality. There is no substitute for consecrated with that. It often does so begin, but it must personality in home mission service and civic not stop there. It must not simply be held by service.

2. Creative thinking. Let it not be forgotten him; it must hold him, master him, sway him in that the home mission enterprise is primarily one all that he is and does in the city and in the state, of missionary thought. It is a philosophy before in the home and in the Church. Religion in the it is an activity. We cannot expect to have our home missionary enterprise is not a set of opin- nations based on Christian principles so long as ions, it is a life; not the recitation of a creed, but our social philosophy is made by anti-Christian the repeating of the work of Jesus; not the func- philosophers and materialistic socialists. The tion of a fingerpost, but a person becoming for times are appealing to home missions to capture others the "way" and "truth" and "life". We

must capture the thought of North America if menta The home mISSIOn enterprise, therefore, North America is to be genuinely christianized. should be satisfied with nothing less than a saved 3. Commanding obiectives. Reconciliation of soul in a saved body, living in a saved community. the individual soul with God through the work and Only as we make the nations of North America influence of the Holy Spirit is the foundation upon spiritually strong can they serve the world. which any effective christianization of the nation or the world must be built. Home missionary 4. Cooperative spirit. It has become obvious work is always the immediate duty of the Chris- that there must be something more than cultivated tian Church. The evil that lies at the heart of and saintly individuals in the home mission enterthe nation and the world is a moral evil, and it prise, valuable as they are, if the work of chriswill only be driven out by a moral conqueror. The tianizing the nations of North America is to be Gospel of Christ meets this evil with the prayer: successfully carried forward. Men must join "Create in me, 0 God, a clean heart, and renew a hands to inspire one another, and also to create right spirit within me." This does not imply that the volume of power needed to sweep obstacles Christianity is indifferent to right conditions, but from the path of progress and to conquer the that we have learned from experience that right enemies of truth and right. The emancipation of conditions are impossible without the clean heart the individual is a great gain, but the best part of and the right spirit. Regeneration, therefore, of his emancipation comes when he begins to work the individual is the basis of all moral. progress in common with and for others. Cooperation represents not simply addition, but multiplication.

and enlightenment, the necessary first step toward Team work always tells, a:nd especially in misevery good, whether personal or public, social or sionary work. Marching together, the distance is shorter; singing together, the cheer is louder; political, commercial or religious. standing together, the temptations are more The Christian Church has no right to abate one easily resisted; lifting together, the burden is jot of zeal or faith or effort in home missionary gladly borne; praying together, the victory is work so long as there remains in all the land one surely won. Cooperation both· multiplies and unchristian community, in the community one un- hallows the energies of men and organizations. christian household, in the household one unsaved soul; The hour has come in Protestant Christianity when we must heal our divisions, combine our re- The Good News for Society sources, and unite our forces if the Protestant Church is to bring the Kingdom of God into the The Christianity of the New Testament aims at life of North America. Competition may be the not only a perfect man, but a perfect society-the life of trade, but it is the death of morals and the Kingdom of God. While the Gospel of Christ ad- disgrace of religion. We must have a coopera- dresses itself to the conscience and affection of tion today not only in terms of spirit, but in terms the individual, it must not be forgotten that it of actual operation which will eliminate over- addresses him as a member of a social organism. lapping and overlooking, not only in mission fields, "God and one man," says Dr. Charles H. Park- but in all fields of work. The needs and claims hurst, "could make any other religion, but it re- of North America should lead the denominations quires God and two men to make Christianity." now to submerge all ecclesiastical animosities, and The entrance of the second man into Christianity non-essential demands. The time and strength makes necessary the social Gospel, and this fact spent in controversies are needed today for ag- was undoubtedly in the mind of Jesus Christ gressive and constructive work in the interest of throughout all His life and ministry. In the sum- the Kingdom. The time has come when we must mary of the law, Jesus combined the personal and end the waste of spiritual energy and consecrated social objectives of His Gospel. "Love the Lord, money.

thy God, and love thy neighbor." Obedience to Cooperation in missionary work multiplies the the first command saves the individual, and noth- power of each in the service of all, and therefore ing else can save him; obedience to the second should be welcomed by all churches bearing the saves society, and nothing else can save society. name of Jesus Christ. Bigotry, dogmatism and Such facts as these make it evident that Christ sectarianism cannot feed the soul of the nation.

intended His Gospel to be not only a way of life Nothing but conference, cooperation and combina- for the sinner, but a law of life for society. The tion will meet the needs of the nations now.

ministry of home missions must be to the whole Whatever may be our views about organic man, body, mind and soul; it must look to the unity, there certainly should be no difference betterment of his environment and make secure among those who believe in Christ about the need his opportunities for self realization and improve- and the wisdom of cooperation in every effort to

make men like Christ, earth like Heaven, and the fear of pressing the Gospel of Christ upon the kingdoms of this world the Kingdom of Christ. people, fear that has sealed our lips when every- thing around us is whispering of God, of the The gigantic iniquities of modern society are Cross, of redemption through sacrifice; when thoroughly organized and directed by able leaders. human hearts are softened and ears bent to listen To accomplish its purpose, the home missions and only our enlightening and confirming word enterprise, therefore, must excel all other organi- is needed to interpret and apply the great truths zations in the value of its objectives and the of Christianity to the souls of men and the life of wisdom and power of its representatives. No nations. Christian body should stand apart from any other followers of Christ today on account of differences Let us see to it that the hesitancy and halfof belief respecting non-essentials. No mere heartedness of our religious appeal is succeeded speculative dogma should separate our Christian now by a strong and positive call on all men to denominations from one another in the battle for seek God. Let us go forth throughout the land on righteousness. It is more necessary to help the an embassy of peace, saying to all sorts and consoul that sins and suffers than to assert our ditions of men: "Be ye reconciled to God" for peculiar notions about metaphysical subjects. "now is the accepted time," "now is the day of The various religious bodies in our nations ought salvation." We need not fear rebuff or indifferto appreciate one another more than at present, ence as the right spiritual note is struck in this and cooperate toward commol'l ends more than hour-that note which is in harmony with the they do. God's army today is marching in too elemental spiritual need of man and of society. many disconnected divisions and under too many There will be a ready response, men will flock petty flags. Denominations need not disband, but into the Kingdom, and a religious revival will they must work together if the Spirit of God is to break out that will go through the length and have an instrument through which North Amer- breadth of the land. The most urgent need of our ica is to be saved. Love for the Incarnate Christ day is not for service but for spirituality. A soul ought to be a sufficient passport for every soldier filled with the spirit of God will certainly bow of Christ. That, alone, ought to make him wel- down and lift the lowly. But a generation that come in every camp and at every altar. discounts the spirit of God and ceases to love Jesus Christ will not long serve humanity. What The Need of the Present Situation makes Christianity a triumphant religion is not the law of love, but its love of Christ. The heart This present situation constitutes a great of Christianity-what gives it creative power, trumpet call that is bidding all who care about the what sends out missionaries, what saves sinners, issues of the present world-wide crisis to rally to what builds churches, what produces character, the standard of Christ; bidding them renew their and enriches civilization-is not so much a prehope, enthusiasm and power at the one great cept as a personality, and that the personality of source, and then go forth and throw themselves Jesus Christ. The supreme thing in Christianity heart and soul into the spiritual service of their is not Christ's teachings, however superior, but country; recognizing that it is a national service the spirit of His life; not interest in an ethical of the highest order and calls for self-sacrifice and code, but loving, sacrificial discipleship; not a devotion that is on a par with the greatest demand system of doctrine about Christ, but a profound that any other branch of the Kingdom service can devotion to Him as the giver of eternal life. the make on men. only Saviour of the world.

It is the news of a transcendent God that our The home mission enterprise, in the last analyage supremely needs, the Gospel of a God who can sis, must depend not upon its pretentions, but and does break through into human affairs in a upon its performances; not upon its attitude, but supernatural way, bringing order, peace, power upon its activities; not upon its sacramental and abiding gladness into human life. This is holiness, but upon its spiritual helpfulness. Its preeminently a time for taking bold, strong, appeal will be effective in proportion to its ravigorous steps, for initiating positive action in the tionality, humanity and spirituality, and its augreat work of publishing the Christian evangel, thority will be recognized in proportion to its for seeing how to surround it with every circum- vision, inspiration, conviction, power and love. If stance of c(2)mpelling, constraining, and convicting we capture the present for Christ, the future of power. It is high time to overcome the nervous North America will be safe.

Progress In Home Missions?

..:( By REV. WILLIAM R. KING, D. D., New York ):..

Extracts from the Annual Report of the Executive Secretary of the Home Missions Council T HE North American Home Missions Con- Conferences should be followed up. The first Con- gress, which met at the close of 1930, was tinuation Conference scheduled for 1932 was most significant. Its power and influence held in Indianapolis, Ind., in connectiem with the is being proved and its findings are accepted as Ministers' Convocation and five other conferenees the best word on home missions. were set up for February in strategic centers in The follow-up of that Congress is most gratify- Ohio. It is our hope to hold twenty or thirty of ing. The Missionary Education Movement is them throughout the United States.

majoring this year on "The Challenge of Change," Several cooperative projects are under way, in- by Dr. John M. Moore, written cluding the Cooperative and Re- with the deliberate purpose of ligious Center at Boulder City, promoting the findings and Has the day for home mis. the new town which is to be the message of the Congress. It is sions passed? .What is being home of the people employed on being studied in thousands of done for the twenty million that great Hoover Dam in churches throughout the coun- foreign born in the United Southern California. Repre- try. In a Teachers' Manual on States? Are we overlooking sentatives of six denominations the Data Books and Findings or conducting rival missions met and set up a tentative or- Books of the Congress, Dr. for the Indians, the Negroes, ganization of the Hoover Dam Casselman of the Reformed the Spanish-speaking people, Interdenominational Religious Church in the U. S. Board has lEtuhumerobMpeeromarmnesno,,ntsth,heethmOeirgmireainnnteatrlwss oaarnnkdd- Council to present a program of made an exhaustive study of worship, religious education and this material and has arranged ers and dwellers in mountains social service. Later the South· it in shape for use in mission and in city slums? Dr. King ern California Superintendents'

study classes. tells the story of progress Council enthusiastically ap- A series of conferences and made by the united effort of proved the movement and other public meetings, looking to the mission boards cooperating in denominations expressed the enlistment of all the denomina- the Home Missions Council. desire to cooperate. As a re- tional groups in a great Home suIt of several conferences with Mission advance, is a joint government officials about this effort of the Home Missions Council, and the project, and visits to Hoover Dam, Las Vegas and Council of Women for Home Missions and the Los Angeles, the Cooperative Religious and Social Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in Center of Boulder City has been established and America to carry down to the local churches the is now well under way with the following denomi- message of the Congress, and the results of the nations cooperating: Presbyterian U. S. A., Meth- studies of the Five Year Program of Survey and odist Episcopal, Congregational, Baptist, Disciples, Adjustment. The first of this series was held in United Brethren, United Presbyterian. The Rev.

Cincinnati in November and was followed by the Thomas E. Stevenson, pastor of the Presbyterian Pacific Coast series in December to include Seat- Church of Burbank, California, has been elected tIe, Portland, San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley, pastor and director and began his work October 1, Sacramento, Los Angeles and Denver. In the 1931. Meetings are being held at present in the nine conferences held during November and De- mess hall of the six companies and the Sunday cember there was a total attendance of approxi- School of 127 is meeting in two bungalows. A mately 3,000. We heard in every place such re- movement is under way to secure a building for marks as "this is the best conference we have the religious program and for a parsonage for the had for years," and "you are bringing us fresh director, "Parson Tom," as he is called. There are and interesting information and making us see 300 children of school age in the town. Mr. Ste- home missions in a new light." The unanimous venson has attempted a difficult task but great judgment of the team is that these Continuation service can be rendered. The attendance at his [155]

first evening service was about 100 and at the a liaison committee between the Councils and the second evening service was 127. If some churches Indian Department of the Government. could donate hymn or travel slides for the stereopticon, this would help in his work. A joint committee representing the Interna- tional Missionary Council, the Federal Council, An Every Community Survey of Maine was the Home Missions Council, the Council of Women made under the auspices of the Interdenomina- for Home Missions and the Missionary Education tional Commission of Maine and the Home Mis- Movement has been formed "to make a careful sions Council, and was considered by various con- and comprehensive study of the Jewish situation ferences. The Interdenominational Commission in America in its relation to the Christian has proposed a Five Year Program of Inter- Church." The chairman is Dr. John S. Conning. denominational Christian Service "directed par- Other committees rendering valuable service to ticularly toward the areas unreached by any of the cause of Home Missions, under the auspices the Protestant mission agencies and designed of the Council, relate to the city and New Amerito do that most needed work which our present cans, General Promotion, Alaska, Spanish-speakmissionary agencies cannot do both because their ing Work, and Negro Work. resources are insufficient and because the work must be done interdenominationally." An at- Under the auspices of the Committee on Comity tempt is being made to raise from individuals ap- and Five Year Program of 'Survey and Adjustproximately $45,000 a year in addition to $50,000 ment, surveys have been made in about a score a year expended by denominational boards, to be of states. In some cases the entire state has been distributed among sixteen counties in Maine. surveyed, in some of the larger states only cross- This would be an outstanding demonstration on a sections. 'Surveys are now under way in six states state-wide basis of cooperative home missions in and conferences are held following the completion rural communities. of each state. This Five Year Program is vitally connected with all the work of the Council and Cooperative work has been promoted also in is closely related to the work of all other comother centers. In a remote valley of the 'Southern mittees. Meuntains, bordering northeast Georgia and the Carolinas, there is a large farm school which is One of the most active and efficient committees closely tied up with three small churches. The is that on "Town and Country," made up of repsuperintendent of this school asked for assistance resentatives of constituent boards. One of the oldin bringing about cooperation in this community. est and the most important activity is the Summer As a result it would seem as if the three churches Schools for rural pastors and last year the Comwill be placed on a cooperative community basis. mittee sponsored nine full standard schools and two partial standard schools, besides seven full The second annual conference of the Ozark In- standard schools of practical methods for Negro terdenominational Committee, held at Hollister, pastors. At least two new schools will be added Mo., last July, dealt with the situation in the to the list in 1932-Corvallis, Oregon, and Davis, Ozarks and the possibility of a cooperative pro- California. This Committee also promotes Rural gram for the region. It was later suggested that Life Sunday, the fifth Sunday after Easter, which there should be community visitation by field has been observed for the past three years. Some supervisors and county seat rallies in the interest governors of states have issued proclamations of a better rural religious life. calling upon people to observe Rural Life Sunday and 10,000 leaflets on the subject were distributed The Home Missions Council has taken over the last year. work of the Department of Building Fund Campaigns of the Board of National Missions, Pres- The Federal Council in appointing members byterian Church, U. S. A., to form an Inter- to the Town and County Committee has recogdenominational Church Building Campaigns nized this as its channel of operation in this field Bureau. This did not involve any increase in and has added to the efficiency of the Committee. budget or office space since the Bureau retained its office in Philadelphia for the present. The past year has been a trying one for Home Mission Boards. The depression is telling upon The Joint Committee on Indian Work, under budgets and programs. Most of the boards, if the leadership of Miss Helen Brickman, has not all, have had to reduce expenditures, eliminate worked out a curriculum of religious education work and workers, and cut down appropriations for our Religious Work Directors in the Govern- all along the line. New advances have been imment Indian Schools, and has rendered valuable possible, yet the needs were never greater and service in administrative work. Another outstand- the opportunities never more inviting. These are ing accomplishment of the Committee has been days that are surely trying the souls of board adthe setting up of a service committee to serve as ministrators as well as the endurance of faithful

WHAT PROGRESS IN HOME MISSIONS?

missionaries in all parts of North America. May them on appeal after local efforts for adjustment it not be that our extremity will be God's opportunity. We believe that in some way the home have failed, we recommend: mission cause wj]] come out of this trying experience triumphantly. We may have to make re- First, that the Joint Committee on Comity and adjustments and work out economies and "endure burdens as good soldiers" but out of it all will the Five Year Program be constituted a Sub-Comcome greater and better home missions. mittee on Comity, to which shall be referred all Would it not be wise to begin now to plan definitely for another national congress to be held cases of comity presented to the Councils. at the close of our Five Year Program in January, 1934, to review the results of this five year study Seoond, that this Sub-Committee arrange for and to consider advance steps? By that time, it is hoped, we will be emerging from the depres- three stated meetings a year, other meetings to be sion and will have learned "through the things we have suffered," as well as through the surveys held as needed. and studies, what changes, if any, should be made and what advance steps should be taken. Third, that this Sub-Committee prepare and PROPOSALS FOR THE COMING YEAR distribute a form indicating the information Extracts from the Report of the Findings which should be furnished it concerning any case Committ6e at the Toronto Conference brought before it for consideration. . A Christian world depends mightily upon a Christian America. America lives not to itself, Fourth, that this Sub-Committee, in passing but for China, Japan, Africa, India and the uttermost parts of the earth. If Christendom has be- upon cases, take into account not only such gentrayed Christianity, then it becomes imperative to christianize Christendom. That is our united eral principles as have been adopted by these task. For their sakes we must sanctify ourselves. Councils, but such principles as may have been Sitting, as in a reviewing stand, as the forces for christianizing America pass before us and adopted by the state or city organizations within make their reports, what have we discovered? whose jurisdiction the particular cases originated. The Committee on Comity and the Five Year Program brings before us the following recom- It is understood that the decision rendered in any mendations: case is to be advisory only. 1. In view of the response to the Continuation Conferences, this plan with some modifications The Councils urge that City, State and Regional should be developed widely during the coming year and if possible, such conferences should be Councils, through Comity Committees of their held in practically all of the major cities of the country. own creation, be prepared to deal with comity 2. The success of the Interdenominational cases arising within their respective bounds and Conference held now for two years in the Ozarks leads us to believe that in other states in the more only bring to these national Councils those cases distinctively mission areas there should be interdenominational gatherings of from two to four which fail of local adjustment. days duration for the consideration of the common problems of missionary work. In most cases Strictly speaking, the Five Year Program was these conferences would not be held annually. initiated at the Comity Conference in January, 3. We recommend that constituent boards consider the advisability of bringing to the at- 1928, and will come to an end at the time of the tention of their highest judicatories the comity resolutions adopted during the past year by the next annual meeting in January, 1933. Although Presbyterian General Assembly and the Congregational-Christian National Council. In order that much has been accomplished, it is still in its these Councils may be prepared to deal with the increasing number of comity cases brought to formative stage. It might be well to extend this period to cover five years dating from the Home Missions Congress, that is, to the end of 1935.

Before the end of that period, say in January, 1934, we should hold a "check-up conference" to do specifically four things: a. To review the results of the Five Year Pro- gram to that date.

b. To use the Findings of the Home Missions Congress on the various fields of missionary effort as the basis of an intensive study of practical pro- grams for these various fields of work.

c. To consider the cooperative relationships of home missions with other agencies which have become so essentially a part of our modern pro- gram of church work, as the religious education and social welfare agencies.

d. To propose plans .for the future work of these Councils.

For many years our Town and Country Church Committee has been carrying on its researches and has given us a fund of invaluable informa- tion. We therefore would especially call attention of the several boards to the importance of a pro- gram of adjustment that will enable our rural

churches to cope with the rapid changes that are tion is developing qualities of leadership. Student upon them. It is a matter of supreme importance churches and student councils, expressing the rethat some way be found to provide the children ligious needs of the young people, are promoting and youth of our rural areas with a teaching Christian living. ministry. Toward this end we would suggest that cooperative parishes be established where the The coming year of Missionary study centers several denominations would share in such a around the work among the Indians and we urge ministry. This, together with the re-organization on our churches these studies in their future proof rural areas into stronger units of life, consti- grams. tute imperative demands upon the mission boards at this time. It is evident that the future of the Christian Church, not only in the pulpit but in the pew, rests There has been a growing consciousness of re- in the hands of the youth of today. We therefore sponsibility toward Spanish-speaking neighbors urge upon the Councils that our programs shall in the West Indies. We therefore commend to the give full recognition to the importance and the boards at work in Cuba a fresh study of how to problems of the religious life and training of our cooperate more closely and especially in the organ- youth. We suggest that a session be set aside at ization there of a Union Theological Seminary the next Annual Meeting for the consideration of such as now exists in Puerto Rico. We commend our young people in relation to the Church and its to the boards a further study of their responsi- missionary work. bility in Santo Domingo and that those already working in Puerto Rico may well consider We cannot close without adding our influence whether their responsibilities do not also extend to those who are attempting to create a warless to Santo Domingo. world. We believe that war is wholly wrong; we believe that war and Christ travel opposite ways We commend the union which has been per- and stand at opposite poles in any possible moral fected between the Christian, the Congregational universe. The Christian Church must be the and United Brethren Missions into the United chief agency for abolishing war for to the Church Evangelical Church in Puerto Rico and urge other is committed the Gospel of love and brotherhood, denominations as speedily as possible to shape of peace on earth and goodwill. We call upon all their policies toward uniting in this movement. the churches to take an unequivocal and an un- apologetic opposition to the spirit of militarism We welcome the changes made in the national wherever it exists. government administration of Indian affairs which seeks the highest welfare of the Indian, We urge upon our governments the necessity thus enabling him to achieve an abundant and of immediate cooperation with and full memberwell balanced life in terms of his own racial re- ship in the World Court and the League of Nasources. We appreciate the cooperation of the tions and that every power be used to influence Indian administration in the task of religious edu- all the signatory nations to faithfully carry out cation in Government Indian schools. The in- their obligations in the Peace Pact. creased responsibility assumed by the Indian stu- The Christian Church must lead in the abolition dent for planning and carrying courses of instruc- of war or prove itself inadequate to the needs of the world today and tomorrow.

CHURCH BUILDINGS AND BENEVOLENCES Many churches in the United States have incurred very heavy indebtedness in their building enterprises and have thus hampered their philanthropic, evangelistic and missionary activities. In the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., out of a turnover of sixty-odd million dollars a year, about fourteen mil- lion have been reported under building enterprises. The denominational budget for missions and other benevolences calls for twelve million dollars, on which only about ten million are paid, and, in the depres- sion, less than nine million. In four years this church has spent over fifty-two million dollars for build- ing operations. This represents an annual load per Presbyterian of $25.35, while the annual load for benevolences has been less than five dollars.

In the Methodist Episcopal Church over fourteen million dollars was spent in 1929-1930 for build- ings and improvements and over seven million dollars paid on past indebtedness. This means that over twenty-one million dollars was involved in the improvement of the equipment of the churches for one year. This very heavy burden may account for the situation of diminished support which is baffling the World Service Commission.. The Methodists are apparently giving more than they gave under the Cen- tenary drive, but out of the eighty-five million dollars their reports seem to indicate that only ten million, as against twenty million in 1921, go to benevolences of all kinds. Presbyterians have held their benevo- lence contributions static at about ten millions.

Among the Amazon

A Review of "'The Challenge of Amazon's Indians" by Mrs. Arthur F. 'Tylee* ":JI 1 By the REV. THOMAS C. MOFFETT, New York 1 1=" Secretary of the Commission on the Indians of Latin America I T HE Indians of the Amazon Valley in North- okceceansisoen~sebuotf are often talkative and jolly. They have a ern Brazil are illiterate, untamed and isolated humor and enjoy a good joke even when it from civilization. Missionary work among them is a task of great difficulty because of the is on themselves. Although at times, some of them try distance from civilization and the character of the people. "The long journey to reach them is not one's patience as might a spoiled child, yet many of them dreaded as much as the isolation after the journey's end has been reached," writes Mrs. Tylee, are most lovable. who has recently returned to the United States after some thrilling and harrowing experiences. The pioneer expeditionary party which explored the territory, seeking a suitable location for the Seldom is the loneliness relieved by the visit from an mission station, consisted of Rev. Leonard L. Legters, Field Representative of the Pioneer Misexplorer and never, in some places, by a cOI?mercial .trav- sion Agency and of the Indian Mission of Amer- ica; Rev. Alex. R. Hay, Superintendent of the Ineller. But such isolation means more than Just lonehness. land South America Missionary Union, and Arthur F. Tylee. Their trials in penetrating the It means that the missionary has to trust God to bless interior country are suggested by this record.

and use the simple remedies he can carry for hi.mself a~d "After crossing the Sepotuba River the road lay through a strip of very dense jungle and bamftoaomiliy~ for no physician is within a thousand mIles. ThIS, boo thicket and came out at the foot of a bluff. a land of fevers and tropical diseases, to say It took three weeks to go the first thirty-two miles and the last half of this was taken with the cart nothing of the painful and often serious results from unloaded. Part of the time it was bad roads that hindered, again swollen streams, or a thick g~owth insect bites. of bamboo, and part of the time the oxen SImply refused to pull." It was in such isolation and among these wild Of another experience Mr. Tylee wrote: "The and savage Indians that Arthur F. Tylee and his past week has been a nightmare; the constant struggle, strain and despair over the perversity of two-year-old daughter, Miss Mildred P. Kratz, a the oxen having taxed our patience and sapped our strength. Twenty miles in one week! Workmissionary nurse, and three Brazilians were at- ing day and night in rain and heat, and this after the month of trial in the woods below the plateau." tacked and killed at the mission at J uruena, Brazil, In the loneliness of their first labors on the field on November 3, 1930. The crime was committed the two men hoped for the time when the small mission force would be increased. "For the first by a small group of illiterate, wild Indians of the time in several months Mr. Tylee received word from his fiance, whom he had left in Paraguay. Nhambiquara tribe in the state of Matto Grosso. Now he learned to his joy that she was in Co- rumba. They had been fellow-students at Moody This story of missionary adventure, of heroic dedi- Bible Institute, Chicago, and had gone together to South America. The lady remained in Paraguay cation to a task of unbelievable hardships and while her fiance went on to Brazil to explore the new field. It had now been almost two years since privation, endurance and sacrifice is told by Mrs. he had seen her and five months since he had been able to receive her letters." Tylee simply but graphically in a book which Mr. Arthur "Tylee was a graduate of Amherst . presents a succession of surprises, the greatest of College. After serving in Europe during the war he returned to enter Harvard Law School, but which was unsuspected hostility of these few Indians, led by their chief. ..

This primitive tribe of Indians is descnbed WIth admiration by Mrs. Tylee even after the savage onslaught of the massacre in which a few of their number participated.

The Nhambiquaras are of average height. They are very slender. They have the coarse, straight, black hair, dark brown eyes, and dark bronze skin char~cteristic of the Indian' but their features are not those whIch are considered tyPical of the North American Indian. Many of them have facial characteristics not unlike their white brothers while a few have slant eyes and flat noses like the peopie of Asia. They can be silent and taciturn upon • Published by The Inland South America Missionary Union. 113 Fulton Street, New York. Price 75 cents postpaid.

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A NHAMBIQUARA INDIAN FAMI.LY AT HOME the ingredients could be properly cleaned and not allowed to ferment in the tropical heat." during his studies there he grew dissatisfied with the prospect of giving his life to self-appointed The missionaries left their difficult field for a pursuits and the acquiring of fame or money. He brief furlough at the end of four years, and on felt the challenge to devote his energies to the their return met fresh assaults. Only prevailing biggest and noblest service of which he was prayer enabled them to reach their station. When capable,' and his love of the Bible led him to enter Mr. Tylee and Miss Kratz were both down with Moody Bible Institute of Chicago. While a stu- fever they had been allowed to occupy a room in dent there, Rev. Alex. R. Hay, Superintendent of one of the buildings belonging to the telegraph the Inland South America Missionary Union, vis- line. It was bare of furniture, except for their ited the Institute and told of the need for mes- packing boxes and trunks. Here Mrs. Tylee cared sengers of Christ in South America. This led to for them while the native helper cooked the beans Mr. .Tylee's decision for Indian service and the and rice in the shade of a tent. When they refollowing spring he went to Brazil. sumed their journey they were met by three friendly Nhambiquaras, who brought fruit, man- Mildred Kratz studied at Cae College, Iowa, and dioc and sweet potatoes. Finally they reached the later took her Bible courses at Moody Institute mission about ten o'clock at night, almost three and her nurse's training at Augustana Hospital, months after leaving New York. Chicago. "'She was strong and healthy, with a happy disposition and a buoyancy of spirit which "The first months in her new home following made her always a pleasant companion. She was our furlough were hard on baby Marian," writes not the shallow type of person, incapable of shar- Mrs. Tylee. ing the sufferings of another, but, on the contrary, was deeply sympathetic." She was not well and the insect pests made her very uncomfortable. Satan had found a new weapon with The romance and pathos of the intimate expe- which he tried to drive the missionaries from his terririences narrated by Mrs. Tylee with a rare tory. They had suffered much themselves and were ready literary gift are best portrayed in the diary from to suffer more if need be, but to see their precious baby which she freely quotes. An entry of July 12th girl tortured was the severest test their faith could know. reads: "Without all staple foods." From that date But in this as in all other tests that had come to them, until the latter part of October they were depend- He proved Himself as the One "Who giveth more grace." ent upon their own efforts and God's special pro- But if she was to suffer for some of the conditions that vision for their needs. No day passed without could not be changed nor avoided, life for her was not their being able to obtain food for at least one without its compensations. She loved the wild life that meal. Not once did the little group of new native she saw everywhere about her-woods, flowers, birds and Brazilian converts waver and there was no spirit animals of all kinds. She was not timid and fear was of fault-finding. The men spent much of their time hunting and fishing and thus brought in food ARTHUR F. TYLEE AND JOAQUIN ANTUNES. A which was shared with the whole community. BRAZILIAN CONVERT Later oxen arrived and, for a time, supplied meat if nothing more. Several times Indians came to the station bringing grated mandioc from which a sort of bread or flat cake could be made. This, as the narrative states, "was not unpalatable if

A NNF. f:::F.F.f:::HOT.T7. F.vP('ntivp f:::p('rph~Tv

STUDENTS AND MISSIONARY INTEREST

unknown to her. She went for long walks in the woods As for God His way is perfect. The work in Juruena is with Mr. McDowell and Candido, and always came back His work; the missionaries His workers; is not His the with her hands and pockets full of flowers and bright right to say whether they should continue at their post berries she found along the path. She was very fond or be called to higher service? May the grassy mounds of animals and many were the pets the Indians brought beneath the Ajusta Conta trees at Maloquinha be our her, besides the dogs and chickens with which she played solemn pledge to God that we shall carry on the work daily. they so courageously began, until the last tribe of Indians hidden in the depths of Amazon's forests has heard the The work went forward and progress seemed to good news of peace and eternal life. be made in winning the friendship of the Indians. The missionaries ministered to the sick and un- The tragic scene of the eventful morning when dertook to teach them of God, whom they knew six of the mission group lost their lives, and the not as He is revealed through His Son Jesus savage Indians as suddenly departed into the Christ. Then one day an Indian was brought into wastes and jungles, is briefly depicted in words the station seriously ill. In spite of all their care- which the reader can never forget. When the ful nursing he died. The Indians seemed to take story is perused in the quiet of one's own solitude, this matter very much to heart and some showed then heroism and the sacrifice of martyrs for the their belief that the missionaries were respon- faith is luminous and convincing. sible. Is it any wonder that this absorbing narrative Three months after the death of the Indian was no sooner issued from the press last October some members of his tribe from a distance came than a new edition was required'? Dr. Kenneth to the station and without warning fell upon the Mackenzie, President of the Missionary Union, little band. They murdered Mr. Tylee, Miss Kratz writes in the introduction: and the baby and three Brazilian Indian friends. After seriously beating Mrs. Tylee and leaving The martyrdom of these missionaries gave to them her for dead, they departed. Upon regaining con- marked distinction. They were ready for sacrifice, if only sciousness, Mrs. Tylee had to grope half blinded, life laid down might be translated into the salvation of dragging herself to the telegraph station to spread the lost whom they saw and yearned over. So, as we the word of the calamity. Here she lay for days, recall the many hours of prayer and striving which have hovering between life and death. Finally she was engaged our thoughts and purpose as we have pleaded able to make her way to the coast and sail for for the myriads of souls in darkened and long-neglected home. Her faith and courage never failed. South America, we cheer our hearts with the assurance that the future of the Inland South America Missionary The closing paragraph of her narrative reads: Union will justify their sacrifice and our profound hope that just where they so bravely fell, there shall spring a glorious harvest of redeemed men and women.

Students and Missionary Interest ..:( By the REV. WILLIAM M. MILLER J!: ..

Meshed, Persia T AST autumn I had the privilege of visiting most of the state schools I was not surprised to L nearly forty colleges of various types in dif- learn that there were almost no students prepar- ing for the Christian ministry or for missionary ferent p.arts of the United States in the in- work. But what profoundly troubled me was the terests of the Student Volunteer Movement. These discovery that in many of the church colleges also included large state universities and large de- there is no missionary spirit. In several flourish- ing denominational colleges I was not able to find nominational colleges, medical schools and theo- one student who expected to be a missionary in a logical seminaries. I spoke in classrooms, in foreign land. Several theological seminaries were chapel services, in college churches, to special almost as barren as the colleges. Some of these groups and with individuals. While my stay in educational institutions have had a great missionmost colleges was too brief to give me an oppor- ary past and have sent many of their sons and tunity to understand thoroughly the religious sit- daughters to the foreign field. uation among students, yet I was able to learn certain facts which I have been asked to share What has happened to cause the streams of miswith the readers of the REVIEW. sionary interest to dry up '?

The thing which impressed me most deeply was There are exceptions. I was occasionally rethe lack of missionary interest among students. In

freshed to find groups of devoted and eager young paucity of missionary candidates today is due in volunteers. In one college seventeen students are large measure to the failure of parents and pas- intending to become missionaries, and forty or tors of ten years ago to put this passion into the fifty others attended the Student Volunteer meet- hearts of their children.

ings. This is a college where chapel and church The third and most fundamental cause of all is attendance are required, and where every student the lack of vital Christianity in our colleges and is obliged to work a number of hours each week in our churches. Interest in world affairs is not to help pay for his education. If a healthy mis- enough. The appeal for world brotherhood or sionary spirit is possible in some schools to- world service will not prove a strong enough mo- day, why is it not possible in every Christian tive to send many students to the ends of the school? earth. There must be a sense of the constraining A few students appear to be hostile to the whole love of Christ, the passion to save the lost, and idea of foreign missions. They have been told that joyous obedience to the Great Commission.

all religions are equally good, and that Christians Too often we have depended on human devices, have no right to "force" others to accept their be- and cheap ones at that, to stir up missionary in- liefs, so they are opposed to missions. But there terest. We have trusted in pictures and plays and are few of this sort. The great majority of stu- popular appeals. Prayer and the spirit of sacri- dents are not opposed to foreign missions but they fice are needed to touch the heart and move the are absolutely unconcerned about the whole busi- will. An intimate knowledge of Christ and deep ness. They listened attentively to descriptions of devotion to Him is the motive which will lead social and economic and political conditions in young people to go to distant lands to tell men of Asia, but the thought of spending their lives there Christ. Therefore, if we wish to get more and as Christian missionaries seemed as remote and better missionaries, the only way is to pray and impossible to most of them as that of visiting the labor for a revival of faith and love in our home moon. churches. The decline in gifts to missions and in What are the causes of this decline in mission- the number of volunteers for missions is an indi- ary interest among students? Three things seem cation of a serious decline in the spiritual power to be in large measure responsible for the present of our American Christianity. When the fires of situation. real devotion to Christ begin to burn at whfte heat First, there is the failure of pastors and college again in our churches, missionaries with flaming preachers and professors to press upon the young hearts will go out in increasing numbers to other people who come under their influence the needs lands, kindling new fires everywhere they go.

of other lands and the obligation that rests on us In a recent letter to me Bishop Linton of Persia all to help meet those needs. One college pastor states his conviction that the ordinary type confessed that he never preached a missionary of missionary deputation work in England has sermon, except when the time came around for yielded very poor results of late because of the the missionary collection. A professor said that lack of spiritual foundation on which to build. He he did not feel he could ask his students to con- plans on his next furlough to stay in each place sider missionary work when his board was recall- he visits a week or ten days. The first three- ing missionaries from the field. Unless young fourths of the visit will be used to preach Christ people are challenged to overcome the difficulties, and to urge people to accept Him as their personal whatever they be, and press forward with the Saviour and Lord. Then in the ·closing days he message of Christ into every part of the world, will present to those who have been really con- very few will offer for foreign service. If the call verted the claims of missionary service.

for volunteers is sounded clearly and persistently Such a plan, followed in missionary promotion by men of conviction and passion, I believe there work, would bring us into touch with fewer might be a great response on the part of students churches and colleges, but we would touch them to the missionary appeal. more deeply and probably accomplish much more The second cause is the failure of parents to in the end.

dedicate their little children to the cause of Christ Students and young people today are more ready and to give them in childhood an interest in the to listen to a simple, sincere and courageous Gos- people of other lands. It is a well-known fact that pel message than they have been for years. Let most of those who go as missionar.ies first became us challenge them now to full obedience to Christ interested long before they went to college. Un- and to service in His Kingdom, not only at home, less students already have such an interest on but also abroad. We need to attempt greater which one can build, a missionary speaker will not things for God and expect greater things from be able to make much impression on them. The God.

to Face "With Human Wrecks*

..:{ By the Rev. WALTER AMOS MORGAN l!= ..

Pastor of the First Congregational Church, Chicago, Illinois T HE bum is a human problem. What shall I to preach to a drunken bum? Is my Gospel we do with him? To ignore him is im- for the welI-to-do and the social elite, matured possible. To kill him is illegal, even if through sixteen years of experience in pulpits there are times when it seems as though society where a bum is only a passing phenomenon, suffi- would be better off if he were out of the way. To cient for such a need? Is my modern interpreta- reform society so the bum will be impossible and tion of Christ gripping enough to reclaim a soul a fact of social history is a far-reaching necessity. that knows the fires of helI?"

To reform the individual as he presents himself When I arrived, the meeting was in full swing.

in his rags and full of bootleg McQueen, the superintendent liquor is a present obligation. of the mission, was behind the upon the Christian forces in so- If you were called upon to battered pulpit. "Sing to the ciety. Often this obligation speak before a crowd of home- Glory of Christ, men," he presents itself with all its less, hungry bums, what would calIed out, just as I entered.

tragic and pressing immediacy. you say? Such a question con- And how those men sang! I Not long ago I faced a mis- fronted Walter Morgan at the am minister of the church that sion room full of down-and- Chicago United Mission, which rejoices in having the largest outs and found that the experi- is maintained jointly by the choir in Chicago, and they sing ence was like unto a conversion Congregational Union and the the masterpieces of sacred to my own soul. Where Hal- Presbytery of Chicago. His music with beauty and ardor.

sted Street crosses Madison, on solution of this soul-searching But there was a difference.

the near west side of Chicago, problem reveals the real mes- These men sang the old hymns is the haunt of homeless men. sage of Christ. of the blood and the Lamb with Sprinkled among them are a fervor that was contagious.

many of the former crooks who Soon I was led to the plat- have lost their standing with the gangs or their form. McQueen greeted me briefly and with former initiative for singlehanded thuggery. warmth. His great palm grasped my hand and Some have been upon the line between life and 1 felt the thrill of strength and the warmth of a starvation ever since they can remember. Others devoted heart. "We shall be ready for you in have known better days and have sought this about an hour. Sit here," was all he said. He jungle of reeking woe to hide themselves and to had more urgent business than that of spending mingle with others of their kind. time with me. "Sing, men; sing When tke An Oasis in a Moral Desert trumpet of the Lord shall sound." They sang, and I heard the trumpet, sounding the call to The Christian missions in this area are oases something unsung in my own soul.

in a moral desert. Here consecrated men and McQueen kept the meeting in his own hands, women seek, with the aid of Christ, to perform never for a moment permitting the men to forget the ancient miracle in mending broken lives and that they were to receive a blessing in newness making the crooked straight. To preach in such of life. If they only were willing, Christ was a mission is an experience that sears into the able to save. The testimonies were voices out of very soul and probes the depths of life. the deeps. A few were formal, cold and pro- When the invitation came to me to preach upon fessional. But most of them were exclamations a certain evening in the Chicago United Mission, of joy out of former despair. Something had 1 accepted it with joy, mingled with the sense of happened to the men who testified, and they knew humiliation that 1 had not sought the opportunity it. "I thank God that Christ saved me and that long before. During the days preceding this he keeps me" was the oft-repeated refrain of their particular evening, 1 asked myself, "What have new song. I faced these men, sitting in an old • Condensed from The Congregatio'YWlist. chair, unobserved and forgotten by everybody.

[163]

In the first place, I was terrified. My heart- in other lives. Selfishness in the breast of the beat was greatly accelerated and my courage was well-to-do frequently drives the wanderer back as greatly diminished. The sermon I had pre- again to his old companions. Society has a price pared seemed to be so inadequate and out of touch to pay for its lack of regard for the undernour- with the occasion. I gave it up and tried to recall ished and the poorly born. I sensed my guilt of another. For a few minutes my mind was in a neglect. My voice had been silent and my brain wild and panicky confusion. Sermons I could had been idle concerning this tide of human woe.

recall by the score, but not one came back with Could its source be found and the evil thing the joy of exclamation, "I am just what you need; changed at the beginning? Surely Jesus had take me." Soon I gave up in despair and said something to say concerning this problem that so to myself, "When the time comes, do your best. tragically affected so many of His brothers.

Perhaps the Lord will take pity and help you As I looked again at my dethroned king, and out." saw deep beneath the scraggly beard and pene- trated below the surface of his soul, I thought I Fallen Brother Men beheld the lineaments of the Son of Man. Here Then my heart went out to those men with a was my sermon. I would speak to the Christ great compassion. One was a young chap, who within that man. If my message could carry to sang as though he had gone to prayer meeting as where He was buried deep I knew that he would a boy with his mother, even ,as I had gone with respond, and life, like the dawning of a clear mine. Another was an old man with a face like morning after a stormy night, would come to the the sphinx. A third reminded me of a ne'er-do- king dethroned with new hope.

well I had known in Vermont. I glued my eyes The Tests of an Adequate Message upon the face of one whose head was as massive and as well shaped as the head of the old professor But was my modern Gospel adequate to the who patiently tried to teach me Hebrew. This need? I long had thought in social ways and, man had fallen from great heights. He might preached in modern terms. My liberalism had have been a king who through folly had been com- been almost a passion. True, I had prayed that I pelled to abdicate his throne and whose posses- might be spared the barrenness of a purely intel- sions had been confiscated, until he was forced to lectual appeal. In my own soul there was the joy beg his bread in a far and alien land. My heart of a divine fellowship and the warmth of personal went out to him. He had been the joy of some experience. But I had not developed the technique fond mother's heart. Some father had held him of making my own experiences live in the souls of in his arms with pride. Was he sitting on the men who knew nothing of the modern world with sacred hill of memory as he sang and as he looked its modern science and its new psychology. The up at McQueen? In him I saw the epitome of terms they used in their testimonies were not part broken humanity as it passed to and fro before of my working vocabulary, and my new interpre- the street door. In him I saw myself, had cir- tation of their age-old and vital experience and cumstances but shaped themselves in other ways. need was meaningless to them. My expressions to For one moment, at least, I caught a vision of win men to the old joy of salvation were colorless what Christ meant when He told His disciples that and impotent for the needs of the twenty-five all men were earthly children of a common Father. minutes that soon were to be mine to do my ut- My third emotion was that of rebellion. Were most for these my broken brothers.

these men the result of our civilization? Had they I was brought back to present and pressing been cast up from the wreck in order that others realities by McQueen announcing a hymn and say- might sail safely on? Were they human material, ing, "After we sing this hymn Dr. Morgan of the wasted and cast aw,ay, in order that our boasted New First Church will preach to us. Pray for progress might progress still further upon its re- him, men." The introduction stabbed me into a lentless way? Who was I that I might enjoy a full realization of my own insignificance and the beautiful home in the suburbs, with dollars in the supreme greatness of the task before me. Again bank and a place in society, while these men were I sought out the face of my new-found brother.

homeless, dollarless and with no place to lay their His eyes seemed to search mine, and behind them heads except what charity provided? Surely some- I read a sad and tragic story and found a small thing was wrong. I saw it tragically portrayed in but growing hope. Just before I arose to speak I human life before me and my heart rebelled. prayed: "Oh, God, help me to bring Thy Son to Where were the men, or women, who were to birth in this my new-found brother."

blame for many of these wrecks? The seed of What had I to offer in that high moment?

wickedness in the human heart often germinates Surely not my theology. That were a thing dead

F ACE TO FACE WITH HUMAN WRECKS

and helpless. They cared nothing about the Syn- Christ, living and struggling to live more fully in optic problem or the symbolism of the Apocalypse. all human souls. I saw Him stand again by Galilee What they needed, like their fathers before them, where Andrew heard Him call, and I saw Him look back to the dawn of man's first mistake in life's at me through the eyes of the bums who filled moral way, was help for the journey. This was to that barren mission room. be found, first of all, in the old and ever new fact of love. And for that hour, at least, love them I My cup of joy overflowed when I saw the former did. The Christ in them called to the Christ in me king kneeling in submission to another will at the and the response was a compassion I never had rail before the battered pulpit, and McQueen had known before. The dethroned king became a wan- his arm around him, talking with him as one dering brother of a common household and the brother talketh with another about the things Elder Brother had sent me to bring him home that are of supreme importance. again. So I rode back to my home in the lovely suburb, Then came the joy of a great discovery. My with the rain falling in torrents and the lightning Gospel was a living thing, not only for the well flashing in the streets. In my own heart there fed, but for these men who seldom knew the joy also was a mightier storm. Can our Gospel create of a full meal. Beneath my faith there was a a society that does not attain success at such a radiant center of life. Its passion was the love for frightful cost? How can Christ be brought to birth in our modern world?

How Ginling College Was Saved By the Rev. Clifford M. Drury, Moscow, Idaho Looting and destruction was the fate of many foreign buildings in Nanking when the Southern army drove out the Northerners in 1927. Ginling, the Christian college, escaped as by a miracle, and the members of the faculty were spared the dreadful experiences which fell to the lot of many of their fellow missionaries. The reason for this immunity may be traced to the good influence of a Bible class.

Thirteen years before, in 1914, Ray C. Roberts, a Y. M. C. A. secretary, began his work in Hunan Province, and following one of the Eddy evangelistic campaigns, a Bible class was started in Changsha. Among those enrolled was a Hunanese boy, Wu Ching Sing, who became a Christian and, two years later, was elected president of the Bible class. The young Chinese brought his sister to the missionaries, who placed her in one of the mission high schools. As a result she also accepted Christ.

When the Nationalist movement offered great promises of relief from many of China's ills, Wu went to Canton to cast in his lot with the Southerners. Miss Wu (Shou Ching) after her graduation from the high school entered Ginling College at Nanking and was a student there when the Southern army captured the city.

It is now well known that the soldiers, under Russian Communist influence, had received orders to loot, destroy and kill. After they had looted and burned many of the foreign houses a number of them appeared before the gates of Ginling College.

Since the soldiers were Hunanese, it was natural that Miss Wu should be sent to intercede for the College, since she could speak to the soldiers in their own dialect. While the soldiers were being served tea and cakes, Miss Wu was making frantic efforts to get into touch with her brother, an officer in the army which had just occupied the city. After a time he appeared and gave orders to the soldiers not to enter the compound. Instead of destroying the school, they were ordered to protect it.

Thus the foreigners and students and the buildings, worth at least a million dollars, were saved the fate which visited other parts of the foreign community. The College reopened a short time after the disturbance and continued its good work, the only mission school in Nanking able to do this for some months. The Changsha Bible class had borne fruit.

Friendship Books for

By HAZEL v. ORTON, New York ):- Secretary of Elementary Work, Missionary Education Movement N OT long ago a writer in a well-known simplicity and good taste which is characteristic magazine on race relationships made this of beautiful books. A high price is not always a statement: guar.antee of quality.

"When I was a baby my father had read me the There are a few mechanical points by which an story of Little Black Sambo, and I had concluded unskilled person can be guided in making wise that all black boys were silly and pathetically choices. Size of type, number and kind of illus- ugly." trations, relationship of illustrations to type page, How many well-meaning teachers and adults, binding, and the value of the book in developing because they were not sufficiently informed or the child's appreciation for the artistic and beau- have thought it unimportant, have exposed chil- tiful should be considered.

dren to harmful.attitudes toward children of other Perhaps the most essential point in the evalua- races through an unwise selection of a book. Much tion of the content of a book is judging whether care must be taken in the selection of books for it is within the range of ability and experience of children, especially when one is concerned with the child for whom it is chosen. Are the incidents the presentation of the Christian viewpoint of life. and the vocabulary within the understanding of Few local booksellers are competent guides to the child? From the standpoint of the world the selection of children's books. A short time friendship values to be gained, one must be care- ago, browsing in the children's book department ful that the content is free from ideas and sug- of a large store, I overheard a conversation be- gestions which may lead to undesirable attitudes.

tween a salesgirl and a physician interested in The following tests might be applied: children's books from the standpoint of health. 1. Are the facts about other racial and national groups The salesgirl was unable to grasp the situation true, or are they generalizations from which false deducand prattled much on the attractiveness and "cuteness" of a certain child's book printed in tions may be made? . small type and illustrated in lurid green. Half under his breath the physician remarked: "What 2. Are there statements or illustrations which hold any racial or national group up to ridicule, or portray them as stupid and incompetent?

3. Are there statements that ridicule and minimize the books! No wonder we doctors are always treating importance of great world issues, such as disarmament children for eye difficulties." and world peace, economic justice, racial equality, prohi- bition, etc. ? Almost any person with a degree of intelligence and knowledge of children can learn to discrimi- 4. Is the book sentimental and lacking in reality, or are the needs and accomplishments of other racial and na- nate between desirable and undesirable books. Two tional groups so presented that the reader will come to major questions should be kept in mind. understand and respect them, rather than develop pity and superiority? First, is it attractive and suitable in its mechanical make-up for the child? 5. Are there statements that foster bigoted intolerance, either racial, national or creedal? Second, is the content of the book inherently 6. Are there statements involving criminal offense by Christian? Are Christian attitudes, sympathies reason of which children might generalize and come to and conduct fundamental to the book, and are identify a certain racial or national group with smuggling, they treated as a natural and normal expression banditry, or lawlessness, for example? of life? 7. Is the book inherently Christian? This does not neces- Books which appeal to children must be at- sarily mean that it should talk about religion, but that it tractive to the eye as well as to the mind. Con- should picture a type of thought and conduct which is tent does not stand alone, for the way it is housed Christian.

8. Is the book well written from a literary standpoint?

between the covers is also quite fundamental. It is encouraging to know that there are on the Books by means of which we hope our· children market many children's books relating to world will develop Christian conduct must compare fa- friendship which fulfil these qualifications. Chil- vorably with the other books which they read and dren enjoy them and they are contributing factors love. Some of the less expensive books combine in the development of Christian conduct.

[166J Books for Children The Nursery Series. FriendShip Press. Uncle Sam's Family. By Dorothy F. 50 cents per volume. A series of McConnell. Council of Women for FIRST THROUGH THIRD GRADE missionary books similar in style to Home Missions, and Missionary Ed- the Peter Rabbit books; an endeavor ucation Movement. $1. Real live The Farmer in the Dell. By Berta to lay the foundation of that sym- boys and girls make up Uncle Sam's and Elmer Hader. Macmillan. $2.50. pathy which is the forerunner of a family. The stories in this volume An excellent picture book with brief true spirit of Christian world broth- are delightful, and grown people description of farm life and activi- erhood. Their titles are: Ah Fu: A seem to like them as well as chil- ties in northeastern United States. Chinese River Boy; Kembo: A Little dren. Girl of Africa; The Three Camels: The Singing Farmer. By James S. A Story of India; Esa: A Little Boy Under Many Flags. By Katharine Tippet. World Book Co. 68 cents. of Nazareth; Mitsu: A Little Girl Scherer Cronk and Elsie Singmas- A book of poetry about farm life for of Japan; and Babo: A South Seas ter. Missionary Education Move- boys and girls. Boy. ment. 65 cents. The many-sided enterprise of foreign missions will I Live in a City. By James S. Tippet. FROM FOURTH THROUGH SIXTH GRADE be made very real to boys and girls Harper. 75 cents. A book of poems through the stories of these men which helps city boys and girls to My Indian Boyhood. By Chief Stand- and women who serve one great understand better those who help to ing Bear. Houghton Mifflin. $1.75. purpose by doing well their widely make city life comfortable. This story written by a Sioux chief, different tasks. carries this dedication which is self- The Wishing Owl. By Idella Purnen. explanatory: "I write this book with Stories of Brotherhood. Missionary Macmillan. $2.25. A Mayan story the hope that the hearts of the white Education Movement. 75 cents. book. A collection of some of the boys and girls who read these pages The Adventures of Mr. Friend. children's favorite stories as they will be made kinder toward little Friendship Press. $1. Two books have been told for generations in Indian boys and girls." by Harold B. Hunting for older Yucatan. juniors. Each is a series of good North America. By Lucy Sprague stories of men and women whose Little Kin Chan. By Berthae Con- Mitchell. Macmillan. $3.50. A new lives have been spent in service to verse. Friendship Press. $1. The kind of geography which will live others. In the first book they work delightful story of a Japanese child, for boys and girls. In the words in both home and foreign lands, and Kin Chan, and her dog, "The Crab.' of the author the purpose of the in the second book in country com- They have many adventures and book is: "Trying to get children munities throughout America. much fun, in the course of which the to observe and to think in terms of missionary lady plays a prominent geographic relationships." Periodicals part. Cease Firing. By Winifred Hulbert. The number of denomination- The World in a Barn. By Gertrude Macmillan. $1.50. A very excellent al magazines and story papers Chandler Warner. Friendship Press. book for boys and girls dealing with published in America is legion. $1.25. A group of nine friendly chil- the subject of peace in an interest- Because there are so many, it dren, some of them American and ing and stimulating fashion. has seemed wise not to list them, some from other countries, also a but to make a few suggestions highly inventive uncle who has trav- Waterless Mountain. By Laura Adams in the light of which such publi- eled everywhere and knows how to Armer. Longmans, Green. $3. A cations may be evaluated. start things, make this book a real most charming story of the experi- adventure in world friendship. ences of a Navajo Indian boy. Beau- 1. Is the primary aim of this tifully written and illustrated. This periodical to educate children in The World on a Farm. By Gertrude book will do much to deepen the Christian world friendship or to Chandler Warner. Friendship Press. appreciation of the cultural values raise money? $1. A runaway pig and a swimming of Navajo life. race, ~ogether with delightful ex- 2. Is the material selected and periences in world friendship, com- Jumping Beans. (Story book edition.) written within the range of in- plete the adventures of the Friendly By Robert N. McLean. Friendship terest of the age group for which Farmers at Pleasant Valley Farm. Press. $1. This Mexican family it is intended? moved about so much that they said Children of the Chief. By Mary En- they were just like jumping beans. 3. Does it have literary value? twistle. Friendship Press. Paper, Could the stories and articles 40 cents. A book of delightful Porto Rican Neighbors. By Charles stand on their own merit7 stories about a family of African W. St. John. Friendship Press. $1. children. A collection of stories about the 4. How does it compare with children of Porto Rico. the other magazines which the Chinese Children of Woodcutters' child is reading? Lane. By Priscilla Holton. Friend- Open Windows. By Mary Entwistle. ship Press. The adventures of two Central Committee on the United 5. Is it a periodical for which Chinese children. Study of Foreign Missions. 75 cents. the children have respect? If you would like to know about Windows into Alaska. (Children's farm children in India, China, It is with real regret that one edition.) By Gertrude Chandler Africa, and many other places, just is compelled to say that there is Warner. Friendship Press. 75 cents. read these stories. now no splendid interdenomina- The story of Bobby and Virginia tional magazine in the United whose father is a missionary teacher Habeeb. By Mary Entwistle. An Eng- States for boys and girls on in Alaska. lish publication available through world friendship. Friendship Press. 80 cents. This Friends of Ours. By Elizabeth Col- is the story of a boy of Palestine. son. Friendship Press. $1. A charm- ing book for primary children, show- ing their dependence on the people of home and foreign lands.

Play In Latin

I. A Regular Heretic and the follow and learned their plans man, had caught the colporteurs Church Bell for the following day. It was with guile, and discovered their The missionary had arrived at good to see the interest such a plans. He wanted to merit the Santa Ana and invited people to man took in Bible work. praise of the priest the next time the evening service. At night Next morning, the well they drank wine together so he he was preaching to a crowd, dressed general mounted a had warned the people of some of whom were inside the spirited horse, and galloped Cumani not to buy Bibles. But big dark room, but most of away. About mid-day the two as Cumani is a liberal town, and whom were on the street. The colporteurs arrived at the town they had heard the priest concurious, the antagonistic, the in- of Cumani, hours later than the demn the Bible, he only stimuterested, all were there, but general, and were astonished to lated their curiosity, and they nearly all were men. The find a great demand for the resolved to buy. women, such of them as would Scriptures wherever they went. San Luis was different. It listen, would hear later what Sales were rapid. was fanatical, ,ignorant, priesthad been said, and might ask Next day they pushed on to dominated, and there the gallopthe Virgin to protect them after San Luis, hoping for a good re- ing horseman found everyone having heard such forbidden ception there also. What was ready to defend the Holy Virgin their surprise to find that they and Mother Church against the things. Suddenly, the big Roman Ca- were rejected at several little Biblemen. tholic church bell began to ring. inns. The priest had given Towns so different in spirit It kept on ringing, and meant strict orders that no one should exist side by side in Colombia to keep on until the voice of the give lodging to the heretics with because a state of constant feud the corrupt Lutheran Bibles. It exists between liberals and conheretic should be drowned. The preacher shouted, and was cold and wet and late in the servatives. Liberals cannot sell exhorted until he was hoarse. afternoon, and no door would goods easily in fanatical towns, The people crowded closer to open to them. Finally, a woman and conservatives are not happy catch part of what he was say- received them but hardly had in a liberal town, so each graviing. Suddenly the bell ceased they started to unpack, when tates, mainly for economical and and there was a great calm. two policemen came to the door. social reasons, to a town where People marvelled. The preacher The priest had sent orders to life is most agreeable. Both rejoiced and went on to finish the woman to refuse hospitality towns are Catholic, but one is to the Protestants, and she must tolerant and the other is persehis sermon in peace. Everyone understood why the comply. They started to pack cuting. In the first, the priest priest had ordered the bell to be up again, while the rain poured has to walk warily, or he may rung, but no one understood why down on the red-tile roofs. Sud- find himself a persona non it had so suddenly stopped. Next denly the woman came to their grata, in the second, he wields a day it was learned that a youth room and said, "You can stay. rod of iron. Both towns need of about sixteen, indignant at After all, the priest has never the Gospel. the treatment meted out to a done anything for me. I owe -Alexander M. Allan, stranger, had climbed into the him nothing. My house is my belfry, cut the rope, and shut own. He may rule on the street, Bogota, Colombia.

down the wooden trap door. In but here I am boss." Hardly was vain the bell ringer climbed up the big door shut and barred, and demanded that he open that than the policemen came to en- Missions Must Not Halt!

trap door; the little heretic quire why the two heretics had Whatever confusion may exist conwas adamant; he sat on it to not left. The woman replied: "I cerning the theory and method of mis- dare you to come in. This house sions, there must be no halting of mismake quite sure and the bell is private property. You have sionary 'effort. ringer below was powerless. no authority here." Christian missions are organized ef- Thus the Gospel message was The police went away, and the forts, motivated by good-will and di- rected by the best available judgment, heard in Santa Ana. colporteurs were left in peace. They were, however, unable to to give to all mankind the highest II. The Galloping Horseman good-God's revelations of the Way of and the Heretic8 sell Bibles in that town, and so Life through Christ. Release all the they slipped away at half-past guidance of trained intelligence. Re- Abel and Manuel were selling Bibles in the saddle-making four in the morning, trudging lease all the rapture of unselfish love. Release all possible effort to promote town of Choconta, on the high through the cold mud away on human welfare for time and eternity. road north of Bogota. A well Release increasing resources of spirdressed man affably enquired in the misty mountain road. itually competent manhood and womabout the route they intended to The explanation? The gallop- anhood for this work.

ing horseman, a bigoted church -Selected.

[168]

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~ THE COLLEGE COUNSELOR have pointed them to the way of midst of perplexing cam pus AT WORK intelligent Christian leadership problems.

By CLAIRE GOODSILL CHANDLER following college, through the The counselor in the home church tries to cultivate the feel- District Counselor for the Central simple medium of friendship, ing among its departing student District of Michigan, Illinois graciously bestowed and shared. members that they will repre- and Missouri Two years ago college coun- Every religious denomination selor work received a tremen- sent the home church in their feels responsible for the Chris- dous impetus by the authoriza- college environment. Many a tian nurture of its own young tion, on the part of the two counselor, when students return people and the large denomina- Women's Boards, of counselors from vacation periods, sees to it tions give especial attention to for every local church, whether that opportunity is given for the spiritual needs of their stu- or not that church was in a col- them to report what they have dent groups. Trained student lege community. This expansion done as church emissaries. pastors or secretaries direct ac- led at once to a new and broader tivities for students in the local conception of college counselor It is the custom of counselors church or follow boys and girls work. to arrange for some church recto the college campus to throw ognition of returning students. about them the protective arm A study of some of the meth- An evening in a church home, a of the Church. This service, ods now employed by counselors banquet at the church, the entergiven by specialists in the stu- will perhaps best indicate the tainment of individual students dent field, is usually of a high value of the expanded plan. in homes – any such interest order. It is especially evident at Methods mentioned have all been manifested in friendly spirit state universities and in educa- proved to be practical and many brings rewards out of all protional centers where the student are in common use by the ma- portion to the effort involved. body is large. jority of counselors. Some counselors bring together A Volunteer Worker In a Community Without a college and high school young College people of the church during the Christmas or spring vacation, so A few years ago the leaders of The counselor working in a that the younger group may the Woman's American Baptist community wit h 0 uta college judge of the value of higher ed- Home and Foreign Mission Soci- seeks to keep in friendly touch ucation, the choice of a school, eties instituted a plan for work with college students connected and such matters, from college among Baptist students, to be with the church. To this end she folk themselves. maintained by volunteer effort will know intimately the promisand to be carried out by college ing young people of the church In a College Community counselors in 10 c a I Baptist churches in college communities. and their educational plans. The counselor in a college com- The statement of purpose of the When they leave for college she munity also has for her first goal project reads: will inform counselors in their to keep in friendly touch with college churches of their new ad- college students connected with . The work of the College Counselor dresses. She will write and send the church. She receives letters IS to preserve and develop the link them church bulletins, if the from counselors in other places between the denomination and the stu- church itself does not make this telling her of incoming students.

dent, not only for the sake of se- a practice. She will see that the She secures also a list from the curing recruits for the mission fields church recognizes in some ap- college or university of students propriate way the departure of giving her particular church as or other forms of Christian service, students in the fall. One church their preference. but for the sake of developing an intelligent, able constituency filled with missionary consecration. holds a student prayer meeting She sees that early contact is In accordance with this ideal, before its young people leave. made with students. She makes counselors in large and small Another holds a special commu-· calls herself and has girls and college centers in various states nion service, the memory of men, preferably students themhave helped students to keep which often helps the student to selves from the local church, call their interest in the church and keep his spiritual poise in the upon new students and extend [169]

invitations to church activities. counselor asks each student to counselor. She keeps in touch Many churches h a v e student fill out an information sheet. memberships which students are with graduate students, she tells encouraged to take. Members of "What Is Your Hobby?" pastors in places to which grad- uates move, of their talents and the church may act as special Check things in the following list experience, and thus endeavors guardians of the religious inter- which you can do. (Sing; Tell Sto- to relate them quickly to their est of certain students for the ries; Teach; Make Posters; etc.) new churches and communities. entire year. They invite the stu- If you were to serve on a committee This service is especially valu- which of the following would you dent of their church adoption to prefer? able when removals are made to their homes, to share their pews These and other questions give large cities, where it is easy· for during church services, and in- a key to the interest and ability newcomers to lose their church troduce them to group activities of the student group. interest. such as the choir, Sunday School The counselor is provided with The Church of the future needs classes and the young people's useful missionary and Christian a generation of young people organizations. leadership information and in- eager to give to the work of the Usually the church as a whole spiration. From time to time she Kingdom of God their trained welcomes the students in some places this material in the hands and consecrated service. The social way. Many churches have of those who are choosing their mission work of the future will student committees, headed by life work. Most of all, in friend- be in their hands. College counthe counselor, and this group ly conversation, perhaps before selors represent one of many plans the fall welcome to the her own fireside, she is able to agencies whose effort is directed coIIege young people. In many say the guiding word which towards helping to develop that places a reception is the order of proves to be a lamp to the future promise of beauty and spiritual the day. Some churches arrange pathway of her young friend. force which lies latent in all for banquets, with members of The High School Group young persons so that it will find the church acting as individual splendid fruition in lives of servhosts and hostesses to their young guests. Sometimes affairs As a second objective, all coun- ice for Christ. of entirely informal character are desired and hikes, bacon bats selors encourage promising high ORIENTAL STUDENTS ON or visits to some country or sum- school students to go to college MODERN MISSIONS mer home are enjoyed. or to get further training along As the year progresses the lines of their special interest, not [Pastors, Sunday School teachers counselor comes to know her and mission study leaders may well students and her home becomes only for the sake of their own the mecca of girls and boys enrichment, but also as a natural ponder carefully these frank admoniwho are lonely, discouraged or . tions as indicating the method of aptroubled. She shows her interest part of their religious develop- proach necessary for a successful minand friendliness in many simple, gracious ways. One counselor ment and training for Christian istry among present day Orientals. In service and leadership. fact, does the matter not go deeper than mere methods into the realm of Counselors arrange for church recognition of the high school spiritual attitudes which represent most truly the mind of the Master in graduates through church Bac- his dealings with man?] calaureate Sundays, congratula- Thirty Chinese students at the takes to the dormitory a birth- tory notes to graduates, and the University of Pennsylvania were day cake whenever anyone of like. They also encourage church recently invited to dine with an her girls is celebrating her natal day. Flowers from her garden and individual scholarship funds outgoing missionary under ap- for ambitious high school stu- pointment as a nurse in their are shared with the girls. "I never knew how much I loved dents without means. It is im- native land. After a simple meal portant for the church to be vi- the gathering was turned into apple blossoms until Mrs. – – brought some to my room this tally interested in the educa- an informal round table of ad- tional equipment of its youth, vice. The twenty-two students spring," said one girl who was far from the orchard fragrance and for the young people to feel present were asked to prepare of her father's farm. the missionary for what she was the warmth of the church's in- soon to meet in China, as well as terest in practical ways as they One counselor, through the seek to train themselves for a to give her any advice or admostudent church s c h 0 0 I class fine type of leadership. which she teaches, arranges each . nitions they deemed desirable. year for a Home-coming Sunday The Graduate Group They were a mixture of Bud- dhists, Mohammedans, Chrisfor parents. The students vie As the counselor's encourage- tians and open-minded inquirers with each other in bringing their ment and help reaches down to of no declared faith. For more parents from afar to spend a the prospective college student, than two hours they held the day of happy fellowship with so she reaches forward to the floor and their admonitions were them as guests of the church. college graduate. To conserve his a symposium of practical sug- In seeking to find a place of or her interest and ability for gestions both for foreign workusefulness and activity for her the church's needs and opportu- ers and for their backers at students in the local church, one nities is the privilege of the home.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Do not become high-hat, giving our rested on a paper ocean stretch- together. All efforts down to date people the feeling that you are supe- have, however, proved insufficient. ing down the expanse of white Every reform is born in an atmosrior to them and that your country cloth. Blue crepe paper was phere previously created, but the is greater than their country. stretched and then crumpled to Church of Jesus Christ is far behind Have an abundance of patience, for there will be many things to irritate. represent waves whose crests the leadership of her Master in shap- Do not go to our country feeling ing the atmosphere for a warless that just because you come from a were white-capped with touches world. Mental disarmament must abforeign country you can boss us of white paint or moistened raw solutely precede disarmament of any around. other sort. The creation of such an starch. An expansive mirror, The trouble with so many mission- laid flat and bordered with twigs attitude of mind among nations of aries in our country has been that the earth is peculiarly the task of they are not as well prepared as the for trees, is effective to repre- the Church, and of America in par- ticular. Chinese whom they try to win to their sent water. religion. A hostess in appropriate na- The central ship was named "America," as the flagship of the Rid yourself of all racial feeling; tional costume sat at one end of World Peace Fleet about to be for the Chinese folks to whom you each table and a toast speaker assembled to render obsolete the or singer at the other. Impro- war fleets of the earth. But minister will soon sense any feeling vised foreign costumes were welof racial superiority. comed, if guests could procure America must have cooperation. A spokesman from the Chinese Adapt yourself as soon as possible table was called upon to present her auxiliary cruiser "Friendto the absence of all United States conveniences, such as a bath tub in them. At each plate stood a tiny ship" and to give a ten-minute every home, running hot water in Christmas candle, imbedded in a 'talk on cultivation of friendly, large gum drop for stability; red confidence-filled, trustful relaabundance, etc., and do not constantly candles were used at the Jap- tions with all other nations of remind us that you are missing these c.onveniences.

Do not be overcome by discourage- anese . table to harmonize with earth. Acceptance of cruiser fol- the tiny Japanese flag on the lowed. ments. You will meet many more ship, and an alternation of red, than we have met as students in your white and blue candles stood on The spokesman for India (a country. young college man on whom a share of the fighting would fall Missionaries must show the real in the event of another war) was called upon to present his cruisspirit of America to China to offset the United States table. er, "Partnership," to represent the disillusionment of our people be- our cordial, cooperative relations No.1, the key-table, was American. with other nationalities, who are cause of the way foreign countries our equals in endowments if not Columbia, resplendent in white robe, always in opportunity. have treated us in the past. bunting cape with red and blue straps, Medical service makes friends much a gilt-star necklace and a coronet, act- Japan next presented her toast ing as hostess, the toastmistress serv- in the form of a solo, "My Task," more quickly because it is an easier ing as her vis-a-vis. From the mast as expressive of "Kinship." way to demonstrate friendship. of the central ship long lines of tiny U. S. flags extended to the ends of From the Philippine Island When you sail up the river to the table. Towed behind this "good world came the toast on "States- Shanghai, you will see the gunboats ship, America," was a captive war vessel whose flag of combat had been of so many nations anchored in the river. Ask yourself the question that replaced by the Christian flag. educated Chinese are always asking- Table No.2, representing China, "Why? Why? Why?" was centered by a Chinese junk made Learn to play with us, for it is the easiest way in every country to be- by the son of a returned missionary. come acquainted. No. 3 represented India. No.4, Japan. We ought to do away with the term No.5, the Philippine Islands. "missionary" which has come to have No.6, the Cosmopolitan aggregaan unpleasant significance. I do not know what to offer, but it ought to be tion of many other nations. something like "international friend."

AN INTERNATIONAL No.7, "The New World of Uni- manship," showing what our versal Peace and Goodwill"-a land men of affairs can do. DINNER as yet uncharted but plainly visible to the eye of faith. The Cosmopolitan table pre- This program, given at a large sented a speaker for the climax: gathering in Granville, Ohio, was Merriment for the young folk "Fellowship." This was a disan earnest effort to arouse Chris- in the way of home-made jingles, tinctively religious talk, putting set to familiar tunes, was pro- the matter specifically up to the tian people to their obligation to vided between courses. At the Christian Church if it would be close of the meal the toastmis- consistent in holding its teachcreate the spirit of friendship in tress gave the setting for the ing of the fatherhood of God and which all international disputes theme: man's brotherhood in Christ. may be settled by arbitration "The New World of Peace rather than by a resort to force. "Fourteen years since the jubilant and Goodwill" offered a soloist The program was planned and announcement of the close of 'The carried out in an earnest spirit War to End War.'''

of prayer and produced a pro- Quotations from current literature rendering "The Lord Is My found impression. were given, and reliable facts as to Tables were decorated with Strength," as a toast on "Lord- present armament burden, warlike at- ship." flags, doilies, curios, statuettes, titudes of mind, suspicions, hatred, The toastmistress then de- jeal.ousies among nations, etc. She etc., to represent different na- pointed out the foolishness of con- clared that the spiritual will to tions. A ship's model, such as demning efforts of statesmen and arbi- . decorates a mantelpiece, formed peace should be substituted for the centerpiece of each table and trators looking toward disarmament the war system of the nations, of nations, since reforms are usually the product of many factors working and that the ideals of the King-

dom of God could be brought to publicity. This is accepted as dergartens. Bring pieces of cloth, pass only through catching the fundamental in the business thimble and scissors, to cut and sew spirit of Him who said, "I am world, but religious workers blocks for quilts to be sent to orthe light of the world." In sym- often neglect or even discount phanages. These things sell the misbolism of this she lighted a can- advertising as s a v 0 r i n g 0 f sionary society and create interest. dle at the masthead of the flag- "worldliness," overlooking the When the folks are absent miss them ship before her. (This was the fact that the only culpability and tell them so. signal for turning off all electric would consist in failing to "delights in the room.) Two white- liver the goods" as advertised. Sell the Woman's Missionary Sorobed peace emissaries then ap- ciety to the prospective members by peared, bearing tall white can- Mrs. Bess Judd Doty, Pastor's personal letters and clever invitations. dles, which they kindled at the Assistant in the First Methodist (Picture of a zeppelin with the words Christ candle and carried in suc- Church of Cleveland, says: -"We're making a flying trip to the cession to each hostess in the new Brewster Hospital at Jacksonroom. As the hostess received Publicity is of value only as you ville, Florida. Leave First Church the light for her own tiny place- have something worth advertising and Wednesday afternoon at three o'clock. candle, she repeated: "The light we assume that your program has Gome along!") . . . Ask the church of World Peace is kindled in the been thoughtfully and prayerfully secretary for a list of prospective heart of China (or India, or prepared, that it is alive and worth members; divide the membership into Japan, etc.). It glows brightly while. Who knows that you have a groups and assign new names to each. and passes on" – lighting the Woman's Missionary Society? Speak- Ask each member to interest herself candles of her neighbor on the ing in business terms, you are to sell in a prospective member; to call for right and on the left. Each guest this organization-first, to yourself. these women and take them to the thus receiving a light,turned and You must yourself believe in the im- meeting. Use the telephone. Do not passed it on to her neighbor un- portance of the task before you can criticize the society, the officers .or the til every candle in the now dark- convince others. As Publicity Secre- workers. Never belittle the work of ened room was glowing. tary you should be a member of the any other organization to gain mem- program committee so that you may bers for your own. Talk it up, never A trio of women rose and sang catch the enthusiasm and know from down. . . • with deep expression three stan- the start what you are to advertise. zas of "The Light of the World Sell your auxiliary of the Woman's Is Jesus." At each repetition of Seoond, sell the Woman's Mission- Missionary Society to the world. Send this musical phrase, everyone in ary Society to your pastor. . . . notes of grateful appreciation to outthe room elevated his candle and Give him a written, detailed notice siders who serve in any way. Write sang the words, then lowered it for the church bulletin, do not rush up accounts of special meetings or again until the next recurrence. up after the morning worship serv- social affairs and send them to your The toastmistress rep eat e d ice and say: "Don't forget to put in local and denominational publications. reverentially: "As light begets a notice about our meeting next Any news and worthwhile suggestions light, so Friendship, Partner- week." If it is not important to you, for securing members, for unusual ship, Kinship, Statesmanship, it is not important to him. . . . programs or for raising money will Fellowship, Lordship are passed always find a place in the columns of from person to person until all Ask him as he calls to tell what church papers. "Sell your Woman's the world becomes a brother- fine work your society is doing. You'll Missionary Society!" hood and World Peace through cheer his heart by your enthusiasm. Christ, our Saviour, shall be AMERICA FIRST? realized upon earth." After a meeting report to him the number of new folks who attended. Bishop G. Ashton Oldham, in a ser- A prayer closed this service, Tell him that the budget is all mon preached at Washington, ma~e an whose devotional and consecra- pledged, and that the women packed impassioned appeal that Americans tional effect was very deep. a wonderful supply box, etc. . . . should secure for their country "first Invite him to the luncheons or din- This program may be used ners and invite his wife, giving them place"- without a dinner, though the as- complimentary tickets. . . . Not merely in matters material, but sembling power and decorative opportunities of the gathering Use the bulletin board and black- in things of the spirit. around the tables enhance the board. Use attractive posters and get Not merely in science, inventions, values. A similar program may them up early. . . . Send out mimbe prepared for expressing the eographed notices, cleverly illustrated. motors and skyscrapers, but also in need and the spread of the Gos- Throw out the challenge of the task. ideals, principles, character. pel of Christ throughout all the . . . Present information in an world. attractive form. Have a "Mission Not merely in the calm assertion of School" (send out the invitations in rights, but in the glad assumption of PUBLICITY POINTERS the shape of different states and write, "What state is this? Come pre- duties. The best programs, plans and pared to tell what missionary home or Not flaunting in her strength as a policies will fall short of their school is located in this state.") . . . possibilities without adequate Learn to use new members-assign giant, but bending over in helpfulness tasks. Make money raising a pleas- over a sick and wounded world like ure. Talk tithing. Lay a mile of a Good Samaritan. pennies-16 pennies to a foot, $844.80 in a mile. Give out "Rainy Day Not in splendid isolation, but in Bags" in which to drop a nickel every courageous cooperation. time it rains. Raise a certain sum for a salary by dividing the amount Not in pride, arrogance and dis- into small gifts per month, per week, dain of other races and peoples, but per day, etc., and ask pledges for in sympathy, love and understanding. these amounts. Make scrap books for hospitals. Save fancy envelope lin- Not in treading again the old worn, ings and send them to mission kin- bloody pathway which ends inevitably in chaos and disaster, but in blazing a new trail along which, please God, other nations will follow into the new Jerusalem where wars shall be no more.

Some day some nation must take that path-unless we are to lapse once again into utter barbarism-and that honor I covet for my beloved America.

Women's Home and Foreign

HELEN M. BruCKMAN, 105 EAST TWENTy-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK; COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK; FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA PRESENT-DAY HOME Migrant Fellowship, made pos- s tor i e s and dramatizations, MISSIONS sible through the cooperation of han d w 0 r k, hom e nursery a grower, was completed. courses, infant care, carpentry, The Annual Meeting of the sewing, cooking, health educa- Council of Women for Home In the legislative field there tion and recreation were all a Missions held January 4-6,1932, have been marked advances. part of the activities in the difin Toronto, Canada, was a Delaware raised the working ferent centers. memorable occasion made so by age of children in canneries the true hospitality expressed in from twelve to fourteen years. International Relations many ways by the Canadian The canners of the state backed friends who gave the delegates this legislation. Pennsylvania The report of the Committee from the States a most hearty has made school attendance by on International ReI a t ion s welcome. showed that the Council has ANNE SEESHOLTZ, Executive Secretary, been particularly active during In the very opening session, Council of Women for Home Missions the past year in this field, carry- Miss Anne Seesholtz was elected ing on work in cooperation with Executive Secretary of the migrant children compulsory no the ten other national organiza- Council of Women for Home matter from what state they tions of women constituent to Mis s ion s, succeeding Miss come. New Jersey is now work- the National Committee on the Florence E. Quinlan. Miss See- ing on a plan of education Cause and Cure of War. Tosholtz comes to this position through special classes and also gether the Federation, Council with exceptional training and a housing code for migrant and National Council of Fedexperience in the religious and camps. erated Church Women secured educational fields. She assumed over 145,000 signatures to a her office on February 1 and will In the work on the field the petition addressed to the Interin future serve as one of the standards were raised. In the national Disarmament Congress editors of this "Bulletin." t wen t y fields in California, at Geneva, urging the Confer- Oregon, Washington, Colorado, ence to gratify the expectations Reports given at the meeting New York, New Jersey, Dela- and hopes of the world by puts howe d interesting develop- ware and Maryland where the ting into immediate and unhesiments in the home mission Council of Women for Home tating effect the pledges already realm. Missions has organized Chris- made for the reduction of na- tian social service work there tional armaments. We are re- Migrant Work was real achievement. Bible joicing that the church women were able to more than double The report of the Committee their quota of 60,000 signatures. on Migrant Work revealed the Altogether over 700,000 women grave effect of the economic situ- in the United States signed this ation upon the migrant group. petition. Work in cannery centers has been unsteady and local workers Indian Work out of regular employment have crowded out the migrant labor- The work with Indians in ers. Wages were reduced as Canada was presented by Mrs. much as 331/3 per cent in some H. A. Lavell and Mrs. D. T. L. places. McKerroll of Canada and in the States by Rev. Frank A. Smith, In spite of difficult times em- D. D., Chairman of the Joint ployers and groups in migrant Committee on Indian Work and areas have maintained their Miss Helen M. B ric k man, level of cooperation or exceeded former Director, Indian Work. it to such an extent that they contributed actually 37 per cent The statement was made that of the total expenditures in the Indian population of Canada, Migrant Work in 1931. now something over 108,000, is This year the work under the [173]

peaceful and happy and more superintendents and principals denominational agencies are acand more showing an interest in have meant changes in the whole tively supporting it. public affairs. The influence of school set-up, including the rethe Christian Church through ligious program. The young In- World Day of Prayer her missionary contacts and the processes of education and train- dians, too, during these last "One cannot but be impressed ing along many practical lines years have reflected the uneasi- wit h the significance of the have done much to develop in ness and uncertainty of the WorId Day of Prayer for such a these people a spirit of content- school employees; the increasing time as this," stated the report ment and a desire to make some- poverty and suffering of their of the Committee on World Day thing of their lives. History people has caused most of them of Prayer. "Every nation the shows that many Indians have the greatest distress, and one world around has been passing not only marked ability and must add to these factors the through times of unprecedented gifts beyond the average but are utter bewilderment which these distress. What a time is this for ambitious to contribute some- young people feel as they face Christians in all lands to bear thing to the world's work. In life and work in their country one another's burdens in united these types the Indian is seen at under conditions such as exist intercession – nation with nahis best with race tendencies today. Any religious program tion, race with race. well in control. All the churches in Canada have had a share in must take into account these "Prayer truly is dynamic. We the work of Indian missions. factors. In addition to these, have wit n e sse d this united The Roman Catholics were the however, the religious work di- prayer service fairly leap from first on the field and signs of rectors have faced the perplexity country to country until on Febtheir zeal as missionaries are of administering a program of ruary 20, 1931, Christians in evident in every province of the more than twoscore countries Dominion. Nearly half of the religious education which will had joined the fellowship of Indian population of Canada are meet the requirements of the united intercession." Roman Catholic. The Anglican school, which will be acceptable Church leads the Protestant de- to local churches, which will It was announced that Mrs. nominations in numbers, and it measure up to the standards de- C. C. Chen of China is the author is interesting to note that the sired by the Joint Indian Com- of the program for March 3, very first Anglican Church in mittee, and which will also meet 1933, and that the Call to Prayer Upper Canada was the one built their needs as the young Indian will be prepared by an American on the Mohawk Reserve near people themselves see them. Indian. Brantford in 1785. The Presbyterians, too, have a long record Certain definite objectives for Study Courses of splendid work, and the United the religious program have been Church of Canada, through one uppermost during the last few The report of the Committee of its constituent bodies, dates years, and definite progress on Study Courses revealed that its work for Indians back to although the sale of home mis- toward these goals made. In the sion study books has been affect- 1824. great effort to lead Indian boys ed this past year by the general and girls into a knowledge of depression, the record of sales is In its work of the year the and love for Jesus Christ, their slightly over last year. Joint Committee on Indian Lord and Master, church an·d Work has kept before it the The program for the coming definition of its task as accepted worship services, Sunday School year is as near completion as is by the Home Missions Congress, classes, denominational meet- possible at this time. The adult "Our task is preeminently spir- ings, religious clubs, and week- book, now ,in manuscript form, itual-the bringing of every In- day courses in religious educa- is a collaboration by Dr. Lewis dian into allegiance with our tion have been emphasized and Meriam and Dr. George W. Hin- Lord and Saviour for worship man, both of whom have a wide and service in His Kingdom, strengthened. acquaintance with Indian Work. that with Christians of other Dr. Meriam, whose survey for races they may interpret and ac- In order to develop religious the government has made him cept the full meaning of His leadership increasing responsi- an authority, has an exceeding- Lordship in their lives." bility for planning and assisting ly sympathetic attitude toward in the religious program has Indians. Dr. Hinman's relation- The report brought out the been given to the Indian young ships to the work of his own defact that the changes in the ad- people themselves and in several nomination and the Service Comministration of Indian affairs mittee on Indians has given him have had an effect upon the re-· of the schools real initiative has an equally broad knowledge from the standpoint of Christian ligious program in the Indian been shown. missions. schools. While there has been Eight denominations through splendid cooperation on the part Miss Winifred Hulbert spent of school authorities, changes in their ten mission boards now nearly five months visiting In- recognize the Service Committee dian schools and mission sta- on Indians, which serves as a tions on Indian fields and has the liaison agency between the mis- sion boards and tlie government, and have indicated their general willingness to work through it as occasion requires. Two inter-

WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

book for young people well in Honorable N. W. Rowell, K. C., national Relations, Race Relahand. She is also preparing a Vice-President of the Institute tions, and World Day of Prayer. unit course for intermediates on Pacific Relations. He pointed based on "Three Arrows" by E. out the necessity for a world out- With the Home Missions Coun- Ryerson Young, an intermediate look on problems and the need cil there are joint committees on reading book. for christianizing ecclesiastical, Alaska, City and New Ameri- social, economic and interna- cans, Com i t y and Five-Year A course book for juniors is tional relations. He urged the Program, Indian Work and Probeing written by Katharine Church to realize the importance motion. Gladfelter, while for primary of allaying racial prejudices and children stories are being fur- national antipathies, and to use Editor's Note: At the same time that the nished by Florence C. Means and its power to further public opin- Council of Women held its Annual Meeting, teacher's material by Frances ion in increasing international the Home Missions Council also met, joint Somers Riggs. An additional in- cooperation. sessions taking place in the afternoon and sert sheet of American Indian evening of each day. Report of joint work sketches will be prepared to ac- Officers and resolutions adopted by both bodies appear company the North American elsewhere in this issue. Picture Map already in print. The following officers and ex- ecutive officers were elected: THE ANNUAL INVENTORY Addresses Honorary President-Mrs. George W. The Annual Meeting of the Stirring addresses by promi- Federation of Woman's Boards nent men and women of the Coleman. of Foreign Missions of North United States and Canada were America was held at the Hotel heard. President-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. Gramatan, Bronxville, N. Y., First Vice-President-Mrs. Philip M. January 9-11, 1932. This is the Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, President time when the Federation takes of the Council of Women, cited Rossman. inventory of stock, discovers the many instances of devoted serv- things which have been done ice on home mission fields. Second Vice-President – Mrs. May m 0 s t advantageously through the past year, and how they may Bishop Francis J. McConnell, Leonard Woodruff. be improved upon for the next President of the Federal Council Third Vice-President-Mrs. Fred S. year. of Churches, stoutly defended the Church's right to have a Bennett. . During this year the work of voice in all matters pertaining to Recording Secretary-Miss Julia Flor- many ofthe committees has been national and international wel- outstanding and has made a very fare. Speaking on "The Place of ance. real contribution to the missionthe Church in Democracy," he Treasurer-Mrs. Edwin W. Lentz. ary enterprise. The Committee said that the Church should not on Missionary Preparation has be muzzled in her attempt to Executive Secretary-Miss Anne See- been making a study of some of voice the Christian attitude with the problems of recruiting and regard to war, disarmament, sholtz. preparation of candidates and temperance and other social and Secretary for Migrant Work-Miss of the type of workers and trainindustrial problems. ing needed in specific cases. This Edith E. Lowry. committee recently assembled a Miss Mabel Cartwright, LL.D., Western Field Secretary and Super- group of twenty-five candidate President of the Women's Aux- visor for Migrant Work – Miss secretaries, members of candiiliary of the Ontario Diocese, date committees and mission- Church of England in Canada, Adela J. Ballard. aries together with such specialspoke on "The Adventure in Assistant Treasurer-Miss G. Evelyn ists as Dr. Carney and Dr. Case Life." She deplored the idea of of Teachers College and Dr. many that religion has left ad- Morse. Reisner of the Committee on Agventure outside, stating that the Office Secretary-Miss Virginia Kai- ricultural Missions. The group Christian religion was the great headed by Dr. Donohugh herself adventure of the ages. One of ser. had a most interesting conferthe great adventures of the ence on "Women Workers in present day, she pointed out, was Chairmen Rural Areas – Their Qualificato be found in helping to solve tions and Preparation." It is some of the problems of the com- The following chairmen 0 f hoped that there will be very munity such as unemployment, standing commi ttees were definite results from this conferdistribution of wealth, friendli- elected: ence. ness to the stranger in the neighborhood, and provision of whole- Administrative-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. The Committee on Foreign some recreation. Chautauqua Home Missions Institute Students has been doing a very interesting piece of work this "Forced by the progress of -Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. year in cooperation with the events, we now live in a world, Finance-Miss Ann Elizabeth Taylor. Committee on Friendly Relanot a community," stated the Legislative Matters – Mrs. Samuel tions, the Foreign Student Com- Semple. Study Courses-Miss May Huston. Young People's Work- Miss Muriel Day.

As yet the Chairman of the Committee on Migrant Work has not been named. It was deeply regretted that Mrs. Kenneth Dexter Miller felt it necessary to relinquish the chairmanship of this committee.

There are joint committees with the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and National Council of Federated Church Women on Conferences and Schools of Missions, Inter-

mittee of the Y. W. C. A., and sire for this has been expressed Mrs. F. I. J ohns.on, that of the Committee of Refer- Mrs. H. A. Lavell, ence and Counsel. A limited sum by nationals speaking in this Mrs. James C. Colgate, of money has been made avail- country. It has already been Mrs. D. J. Fleming, able for cases of emergency need tried with success in the cases among foreign students and al- of union institutions and in the Mrs. William L. Darby, ready a goodly number of stu- union work in Mesopotamia and Mrs. Ernest A. Evans, dents have been helped in the in Santo Domingo. A committee Mrs. L. R. RQunds, solution of their problems. Plans will study possibilities, ways and means during this coming year. Mrs. L. L. Anewalt. Secretary-Mrs. John C. ShQver. Treasurer-Mrs. Frank GaylQrd Cook. Assistant Treasurer-Mrs. Philip M.

are going forward for two or On Sunday evening the Fed- Rossman. three conferences in foreign stu- eration enjoyed a family supper Executive Secretary-Miss FlQrence dent centers in different parts of the country, and the Committee with guests fro m Bronxville, G. Tyler. is also working to secure hospi- New York, and elsewhere. The tality for these students in Chris- following missionaries spoke: Chairmen Miss Olivia Lindsay from Japan, Chairmen of standing com- mittees are: tian hom e s , also to provide Dr. Hawthorne Darby from the Constitution and By-Laws-Miss Carspeaking engagements for them Philippines, Mrs. Arthur Harper rie M. Kerschner. from India, Miss Elsie Kittlitz which will bring some remuner- from China, and Miss Charlotte Home Base Cultivation-Miss Amelia ation. D. Kemp.

Industrial Missions' Products – Miss .The week-end at Bronxville Wyckoff from India, while the Lucy Kent. was a very profitable one, as the final messages of the evening Missionary Preparation-Mrs. Agnes program was most worthwhile. were from Ma Sa Tin of Burma C. L. Donohugh. The theme for the meeting was and Miss Carol Chen of China. Missions and Governments – Mrs.

William L. Darby. Nominations-Mrs. S. S. Hough. "Launch Out Into the Deep." The meeting continued through Interdenominational Institutions on Dr. D. J. Fleming of Union Sem- Monday with speeches from reinary spoke on Saturday evening cently returned travellers from the Foreign Field – Miss Minnie Sandberg. and laid before the delegates the Orient-Mrs. John MacGil- Finance Committee – Mrs. L. R. some of the problems which must livray and Mrs. Frank Gaylord Rounds.

be faced by mission boards in Cook-and a splendid presenta- THE UNKNOWN CHRISTIAN the near future in order to meet tion of home base interests led I the needs of a new day. Dr. by Miss Amelia D. Kemp of What was his name? I do not knQW his name: James H. Franklin, Administra- Philadelphia and followed by a I only kn.oW he heard GQd's voice and tive Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Soci- discussion. came. The message of this Annual Brought all he lQved across the sea, ety, spoke Sunday morning on Meeting is well voiced by the old . . . . To ·live a.nd wQrk fQ.r GQd-and me. "Christ's Perpetual Challenge- hymn which had been adapted And at the end, withQut memQrial for the occasion by Mrs. Amelia 'Launch Out Into the Deep' " – Josephine Burr Elmore and died; taking up the spiritual issues which was sung a number of No blaring trumpet sQunded .out his facing every Christian today in fame; making his own life tally up to times during the meetings: He lived, he died; I dQ nQt knQw his the Gospel he professes-in race relations, in industrial relations, The power of God is an ocean divine, name. in personal relations. Dr. Frank- A boundless and fathomless flood. lin told of many of the Chinese Launch out in the deep, n Christians with whom he had Cut away the shore line, had fellowship during his recent And buoyantly venture with God. NQ fQrm of brQnze and nQ mem.orial trip to the Orient and drew fur- Launch out into the deep, and let the stones shore line go. Sh.oW me the place where lie his · m.ouldering b.ones.

. .. ..

Only a thousand h.omes, Where every day the cheerful play ther illustration from Kagawa, Launch out, launch out .on the ocean Of l.ove and h.ope and courage c.omes. the great spiritual leader of S.o br.oad, These are his monument and these Japan. Out where the full tides flow. al.one: Sunday afternoon was given There is n.o form .of brQnze and nQ up to a forum hour led by Miss Officers Sarah Lyon of the Foreign De- memQrial stQne. partment of the Y. W. C. A. At Newly elected officers of the this time many of the problems Federation of Woman's Boards III of Foreign Missions are: Is there SQme desert .or SQme pathless of mission boards were brought out and it was decided that this President – Mrs. Howard Wayne sea forum hour would be continued Smith. Where ThQu, great God .of angels, wilt another year. One of the for- Honorary Vice-PresUl:ent-Mrs. Henry · se.nd me.? . . . . W. Peabody. TQ feed the waiting children .of my First Vice-President-Miss Margaret GQd?

E. Hodge. ShQW me the desert, Father, .or the sea. Vice-Presidents-Mrs. DeWitt Knox, Is it Thine enterprise? Great GQd, ward-looking projects discussed Mrs. William Edgar Geil, send me; was the possibility of sending Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, And thQugh this bQdy lie where ocean missionaries to the field without denominational labels. The de- Mrs. Hume R. Steele, rQlls, CQunt me amQng All Faithful SQuls.

-E. E. HALE.

j" Our W orld;-wide

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~~~~~I NORTH AMERICA and creep up the aisles. They bless Community Chest Receipts themselves when there is a storm. Religious Ignorance Among Children They put holy water on their beds at A grand total of $100,000,000 night, and when they are sick, they -a new record for community Even in privileged America use a lot of holy water. chests in a single fiscal yearchildren are surprisingly igno- As long as nothing is done to seems to be assured for 1932 acrant and prejudiced on religious get at the root of ignorance, we cording to a summary of' the matters. They know little of need expect nothing but intoler- ance. Propaganda for better campaigns already completed in their own religion and less of the understanding should be carried religion of their neighbors. on among the children as well 206 out of 391 cities. This sum- as among adults. mary was submitted to Walter An investigation made by Dr. Florida Missionary Assemblies S. Gifford, director of the Presi- Adelaide T. Case, Professor of dent's Organization on Unem- Education at Columbia Univer- "This Chain of Missionary sity, has undertaken to get the Assemblies is a unique experi- ployment Relief, by J. Herbert ment," writes Mrs. Henry W. Case, president of the National reactions of 1,000 children. Dr. Peabody, the advisory chairman. Association 0 f Community Case asked them (Leon Freeman says in The American He- For two years the committee Chests and Councils. The 206 brew) to write on religions other has arranged for great mission- campaigns already completed ary leaders, representing all than their own. evangelical denominations and have raised $67,865,808, com- nearly every field in the world, pared with aggregate goals of Most of the children have only to go through Florida with their $67,102,223, or 101.1 per cent of a vague association of external message. The effect has been practices of religion. They form beyond the hopes of the commit- their goals. For the normal generalizations from children tee. Forty-five states were rep- year of 1928 the entire group they happen to know. resented in the registration list of chests then in existence raised last year. It has proved a tre- Italian girls ten or eleven mendous help to Florida church- only $67,000,000. This total inyears old, writing "all they es and to the mission cause. creased each year of the depres- knew" about the Jews, said: This year two more cities were sion until $82,000,000 was ob- added, Palm Beach and J ackson- tained in 1931. With 185 cities They eat matzoths, cabbage, fish, ville. The Assemblies began in still to report or to hold their regular campaigns after Januaand pickles; they believe in Moses' ry 1, it is expected that when they eat from gold waonrdk;silsvoemreplJaetews~' the results are tabulated a recand don't like to ord of $100,000,000 will have been made. hate God; when they pray they touch their beards and say, "Baba la About 30 per cent of the sum Frisca," which means "We praise, thee, 0 Lord." raised last year by 391 Commu- nity Chests went for unemploy- Some Jewish boys wrote about Miami January 16, and went on ment relief. People who have Christians: been less affected by the depres- to Palm Beach, St. Petersburg, sion are giving generously. They eat bacon, ham and other Tampa, Clearwater, Orlando, things that are not kosher; they go to church on Sunday; Christmas is DeLand, and closed in J ackson- ville February 5.

their favorite holiday; they pray in The leaders included Dr. Rob- Relief for Coal Miners front of a cross and take their hats ert E. Speer, Rev. H. W. Myers, Starvation conditions, with off in church; the Prodisens made the of Japan; Mr. and Mrs. Swine- thousands of children under- Ku-Klux Klan; Jesus is their father, hart, of Korea; Dr. Lee Vroo- and the Christians copied the Bible from the Jews and translated it into man, of the International Col- nom:ished, lacking medical and English. lege, Turkey, and Princess Ata· hospital care and unable to go to S 0 m e Protestant children lea, of the Chickasaw Indian school because of lack of clothsummed up their knowledge of tribe. ing, and unsanitary and dilapi- the Catholics, thus: The forum had as its topic dated housing conditions, are Catholics say prayers with their "The Price of Safety," with found in the bituminous coal beads; the head of all the church IS daily periods: (1) National areas of West Virginia and Ken- the Pope, and he lives in a beautiful Safety; (2) International Safe.. tucky, according to the investipalace and people go from all over the ty; (3) Safeguards for Youth; gation made by the American world to kiss his hand. The Catholics worship idols. When they are in (4) Safeguards for the Church Friends Service Committee and chul'ch they get down on their knees and Its Missions. the Commission of the Federal [1'17]

Council of Churches. The severe were fr.om North Europe and they Mexicans Returning Home hardship is accentuated because brought an increase in Lutheran and of bank failures, low wages, un- Irish Catholic churches. Following a movement of the employment and over-developed Mexican people in Texas to reconditions of the coal industry The third period begins with 1890 turn to their native land, apwith cut-throat competition. The and c.ontinues to the World War. Dur- proximately 1,600 crossed the church investigators state that ing this period our immigrants were border at Laredo in one day of many well-meaning employers from southern and eastern Europe January. The Mexican governhave been caught and squeezed and they established an increased ment furnished transportation by this competition so that they, number of Italian, Polish and Bohe- to their homes on the other side. too, are unable to pay living mian Catholic churches and Jewish The reason is the same as that wages. Such conditions ought synagogues. which brought them into the not to exist in civilized America. S tat e s-economic conditions. The fourth period is from the World During the World War they Students for World Friendship War to the present time. The new- came by the hundreds to supply comers are from rural America, in- Sir Wilfred Grenfell an- cluding an increased number of Ne- the increased demand for labornounces the organization of a groes, Mexicans and rural whites. The ers at three times the wages society of college and secondary largest Protestant church is now a they were receiving at home. school students to study foreign Negro Baptist church of from twelve Now many prefer to face hunger affairs and promote interna- in their home land rather than tional goodwill. The new or- to fourteen thousand members. starve in the United States. In August last year only 139 Mexiganization is to be known as the The issue facing the Protest- cans entered the United States, all of them students or former North Atlantic Students League ant churches is "Can the Protof International Cooperation, estant churches by cooperative residents. and will embrace secondary planning accomplish what the Roman Catholics accomplish by centralized administration?" C h u r c h e s are succeeding which take account of the needs of their communitie&.

schools, high schools, colleges Color Lines in Methodism LATIN AMERICA and universities of the United States, Canada, Newfoundland An important move of the re- Liberal Movements in Colombia and England. It will function cent ecumenical conference of under the auspices of the Yale the Methodists in Atlanta, Geor- Many people are interested in Round Table of International gia, was the banishing of the the political situation in Colom- Relations and of the Connecticut color line from the sessions. bia, frequently referred to as Secondary Schools Society. Its The Southern Methodist Church "The New Liberal Movement." activity will be "studying for- acted as host and the delegates eign affairs and p'romoting in- were largely southern white peo- About seventy-five years ago telligent and friendly interna- ple, yet white and black dele- it was due to the temporary suc- gates sat together in the meet- cess of one of these movements tional relations between North ings on a basis of equality. "At- that citizens of Colombia invited American nations and all na- lanta made good in the matter of the Presbyterian Board of Fortions of the world." seeing to it that no discrimina- eign Missions to send missiona- tion was allowed," reports one ries with the Gospel. The move- Sir Wilfred recognizes a Negro Methodist leader. This is ment had to rest on illiteracy growing need that North Atlan- one of the most hopeful facts and superstition, as only a small tic nations shall work in har- noted in the South in recent percentage of the people were mony for world peace and years and is to the credit of literate. friendly international relation- Methodist leaders and the people ship. In the present situation it is quite different. There is now a . Chicago Religious Survey of Atlanta. One group of dele- public school system covering Dr. Arthur E. Holt, Professor gates discussed "Wider Human most of the territory of its fourof Social Ethics at Chicago Theological Seminary, has re- Relationships," and sought to in- teen states and even reaching cently completed a report of a clude in the convention's find- out into the larger municipaliunited religious survey of the ings provision for study of such ties of its six territories. Then city. Chicago, says this report, was settled in four epochs, color problems as exist in the there are the evangelical churchdominated by different racial East Indies, South Africa, the es with their numerous evangelistocks. Philippines and Haiti, as well as cal schools, including some of In the first epoch, from 1833 to in the United States. A resolu- the largest and best educational 1850, the old American stock came tion calling for action on these institutions on that continent, brin~ng Met hod.i s t, Presbyterian, giving instruction in secular and BaptIst, CongregatIOnal and Episco- issues was ruled out of order bv the chairman on the ground that Bible subjects to hundreds and palian churches. This stock is now thousands of children, young the findings could not include men and young women every found quite largely in the suburbs or reference to "specific evils." year. along the lake front. Thus the church seems con- The second settlement was from tent to denounce race discrimi- This new movement is based nation in the abstract but avoids on progress. It stands first for 1860 to 1890, when the newcomers dealing with "specific evils." international friendship, then

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

freedom of religion, freedom in to which the convicts have sunk. sickness, sin and superstition. education, freedom of the press Political influence and public Medical advice and treatment and freedom for the laboring apathy have proved too strong are given free to all who are unclass. But these very principles for humanitarian sentiment, and able to pay for them, irrespecset forth by the liberals are little has been done to alleviate tive of creed.

largely in the background of conditions. Now the Salvation Evangelistic services are con- the thinking and the desires of Army is to commence its work ducted during dispensary hours.

the leading conservatives. A and will bring the one remedial The vestibule and waiting room few days after President Olaya Force that can avail to lift these easily accommodates sixty per- was elected one of the leading men out of the fearful pit sons. Seated in the waiting conservative dailies said, "It is through the love and the grace room are those who have come time for the State Church to of God. The prayers of the in spite of opposition to seek adleave politics alone, let the gov- Christian public will go with vice and treatment.

ernment take care of material these soldiers who storm this Striking examples of the use- things, and let the church rule grim citadel of evil. fulness and abiding influence of in spiritual things." the mission have been met and A Negro Methodist Nurse for EUROPE testimonies from men, women and young people certify that Bolivia Young People in England the teaching was the means of Despite the slowing down in "In nearly forty years of leading them to fuller and more missionary activities, the Meth- Christian service," declared the scriptural knowledge of Christ. odist Episcopal Church has sent Rev. W. Charter Piggott of the out another missionary-Miss Congregational Union, "I have Scattered throughout the Lula Mae Allen-as a nurse to never been more attracted, chalengage in village nursing in In- lenged, quickened than by the world today there are many who dian communities near La Paz, young people who are round witness to the emancipating Bolivia. Miss Allen is a Negress about our churches today. I like power of the Gospel they learned and is the first member of her their independence and their race t(} be commissioned by a daring. And I am glad in the at the Medical Mission. Nor white church for missionary feeling that they are not to be are the activities of the Mission work in a part of the world . won by a religion which is cheap confined to the Dispensary, for a good work is being done in the homes of the people and in the surrounding districts.

other than Africa. In addition and easy, that does not answer Jesuits Expelled from Spain to her training as a nurse and their questions and their doubts experience as a supervising and make some real attempt to Pursuing her policy of putting nurse, Miss Allen has had spe- tackle the problems of life." an end to the activities of the cial preparation in a training Roman Catholic orders in Spain, school for Christian workers. A Scottish Forward Movement the government has now ordered the confiscation of the monas- The Salvation Army on Devil's The recent union of the two teries owned by the Society of Island leading Scottish Presbyterian Jesus, and will no longer permit churches is not to end with the the Jesuits to operate collective- Devil's Island is well named. ecclesiastical union. The new ly within the RepUblic. Found- In an interview with a corre- "Forward Movement" originally ed by Ignatius Loyola in 1534, spondent of The Tononto Globe, was for an advance in foreign the Society became the most General Higgins of the Salvation missions only, but its scope was powerful religious body in the Army revealed something of the widened later to include the world. They were expelled from plan for the amelioration of the home field. Twelve commissions Spain in 1767, but were allowed conditions in the colony. "Con- were appointed to consider the to return after a time. The orditions in French Guiana are be- responsibilities, opportunities, der is credited with having yond description," he said. "The and resources of the Church of about $100,000,000 of assets in rep 0 r t s which our officers Scotland. "The Call of the Spain, but the real property, brought back can never be pub- Church" gives the findings of which alone can be seized, is lished. If a hundredth part of these commissions which were rated at $30,000,000. The govwhat is said in the reports be reported to a Church Congress ernment action shows the extent true, French Guiana is nothing in Glasgow, where they were to which liberal forces have less than hell on earth." The discussed in addresses that made come into power. Salvation Army plans to open a profound impression on the work there and hopes to effect 2.500 delegates attending from Medical Missions in Portugal improvement. all parts of the country. Although there never was a Again and again the con- Limerick Medical Mission medical mission in Portugal unscience of France has been til last year, evangelical work stirred by reports from Guiana The Limerick Medical Mis- among the Portuguese began telling of conditions there, and sion of the Irish Church Mission with the efforts of a medical the unspeakable degradation in- continues to operate against missionary, Dr. Robert Reid

Kalley, who went to Madeira in were converted to Evangelical was the spirit of friendship and 1838 on account of his wife's health, learned Portuguese, un- faith. The authorities, unwill- desire to cooperate which chardertook medical missionary ing to recognize the new spirit acterized the meetings. Such a work and started Christian schools. Opposition of the of tolerance abroad in Italy, en- conference is certain to advance priests in 1846 compelled Dr. Kalley and several hundred deavored to get the law to sup- the cause of peace in this diffi- Evangelicals to flee, and for 21 years he served in Brazil. port the Claim the Papal Church cult part of Europe.

About one year ago the Lisbon makes that such persons must Medical Mission was founded by Dr. Alan G. Bodman of Great ever remain Romanists, and that AFRICA Britain. Dependence for all no change of religion shall be needs of the work is placed on prayer and the second year's recognized. When the case was Real Famine in Egypt work starts with twenty-five believers, several of whom are tak- called, these Evangelicals, some This is not a famine of bread ing a share in the work. such as was in the time of J 0- educated and some ignorant, re- seph, though poverty still Church Decline in Germany sponded to the charge with a public testimony of their faith, abounds in the Nile Valley. The During the last few years, leaving their accusers discom- serious poverty today is due to a church membership in Germany, especially in Berlin, has shown fited. The case had powerful re- famine of the Bread of Life. In a decline. The reason is chiefly the Delta of Egypt alone there the economic depression and verberations throughout Italy. the consequent poverty. The state claims twenty per cent of Awakening in Czechoslovakia are over 250 towns, besides hunevery income, and the church dreds of smaller villages, where another ten per cent. For many this is impossible. In 1927, 36,- One of the remarkable relig- there are none to tell of Christ's 700 members of the 3,000,000 ious movements of modern Way of Life-and where ignorbelonging to the Protestant Church in Berlin, laid down times was the revolution that ance, superstition, disease, povtheir membership. In 1928 the number increased to 46,000; in took place in Czechoslovakia in erty and demoralizing sin 1929 to 50,500, and in 1930 to 59,300. The Roman Catholic 1918, which has led to spiritual abound. church figures are in proportion. reformation and industrial re- When the first American mis- Of the 400,000 Roman Catholics in Berlin, 4,500 resigned mem- vival. In a few years over a sionaries, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas bership in 1927, 5,600 in 1928, 6,600 in 1929, and 6,800 in 1930. million Catholics left the Church McCayne, landed in Alexandria In Berlin, there are about 177,- 000 Jews, of whom about 560 of Rome and Czechoslovakia is seventy-seven years ago, they break their connection with the synagogue every year. During now one of the most vigorous met with fierce opposition from the last five years, 260,700 Protestants, 30,400 Rom a n and progressive of European the four million Moslems and Catholics, and 3,410 Jews have left their respective churches. nations. In 1914, its very name· half a million Copts. Now there Can Italians Change Faith? was unknown. In 1918, it had is a strong Evangelical Church Last October, four women and won international recognition in Egypt with 20,000 members. eight men from the Abruzzi district in Italy were called before and today its statesmen boast of But there are today in the Valthe chief magistrate to answer a national progress and prosper- ley of the Nile 13,000,000 Mosfor having described themselves as Protestant Christians instead ity which has not been sur- lems and 900,000 Copts-over of Roman Catholics in the re- passed. Its spiritual advance is three-fourths the number found cent national census. They had shown by the fact that the pow- there in 1860. Faced with this been baptized Catholics, but er of the priesthood has been growing problem Christians broken, and hundreds of priests need to throb with new life- themselves have seceded. The the life of the Spirit of God. awakening of the spirit of the Reformation has led to an ag- A Moslem Defends Christians gressive evangelism, not brought Ali Saif en Nasr, the son of about by any organized Protes- a wealthy and devout Moslem chief in the Fayoum Oasis, came tant propaganda, but the result of the spontaneous desire of the to the American University at people to bear witness to the Cairo in 1923, with the express reality of a new religion and a understanding on his part that determination to spread evan- he would not submit to Chris- gelical Christianity. tian "propaganda."

Balkan Friendship Conference Four years passed, with Ali becoming increasingly active in An important movement for dormitory social life, athletics international friendship and co- and college activities in general, operation is the second Balkan till he became the student cheer conference, held in Constantin- leader and a prophet of sports- ople in November. This brought manship. He had forgotten his together delegates from Al- hostile attitude in daily and Sun- bania, Bulgaria, Greece, Jugo- day chapel which are a part of slavia, Roumania and Turkey. the college life to which he was The principal positive ad- devoted. vance made by the conference In 1928 he wandered one eve-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ning into a downtown mass said that he too had been a very New Sahara Exploration meeting of 500 Sheikhs of the bad man, and at the time the Azhar and listened to an im- Bangwanas raided the country Dugald Campbell, F. R. G. S., passioned declaration of hate he had a brother killed. He of Scotland, a former co-misagainst Christianity followed by joined the Bangwanas and went sionary with the late Dan Crawa riotous clamor to persecute with them to other tribes and ford, recently completed a jourany and all converts to Chris- raided them. "We killed many ney of 5,000 miles from the Attianity. As the air grew heavy people, and divided their bodies lantic to the Red Sea. He has with imprecations and threats, amongst the women of the vil- now started upon another ex- Ali protested with his nearest lages," and he of course had his pedition which will probably neighbors against intolerance share. As I looked at these one occupy him for the next three and bigotry. He was threatened time cannibals, can you wonder years. From Tripoli he will go with canes and taunted with be- that my heart sang for joy that through a large number of the ing a Christian. He jumped to Christ can touch these folk and oases in Tripolitania, will visit his feet, proclaiming his name lift them from this awful degra- the Tibesti Mountains, and after and family, known well to all dation? scattering the Bible among and shouted: some of the wildest tribes of the -Mrs.llarrison. interior of the Sahara, he hopes "Are you animals to fight to reach Algeria. with your claws? Shame on New Station at Boyulu you. Cannot our religion per- A Century in Madagascar suade of its own self? If not, The Unevangelized Fields Mislet us be converted to anything sion" which carries on work in The Malagasy Church is 100 that will make us gentlemen. I Amazonia and Central Asia, years old. On June 5th, the am a Moslem, but there is no hopes soon to open work in Cen- centenary was observed. Numuse being a Moslem unless we tral Africa. Boyulu is a large bered among the first twenty can conduct ourselves with ordi- unevangelized field, and is unoc- baptized Christians was Rasanary Christian courtesy." cupied by any other evangelical lama, the first Christian martyr missionary society. Medical in Madagascar. On the site of He barely escaped assault and work has been started with the first church building, which his disgust and wrath found ex- gratifying results. The people became a prison during the long pression in words that had best show a keen desire to hear the persecution, stands the present be forgotten. But he had Word of God, which has already fine Martyr Memorial Church of learned the lesson of Gamaliel: been translated into the inter- Ambatonakanga. At one of the that truth and courtesy must tribal language. The people con- services of the commemoration rule though the heavens (Mos- tinually ask for more instruc- interesting mementos of early lem or Christian) fall. tion. days were shown, Rasalama's box in which she kept her Bible, -The Moslem World. Lovedale Activities the first Communion Plate and early copies of the first printed Cannibals Won to Christ Young Africans are being Malagasy scriptures. trained in many ways by Love- An old man with a white dale Institute. Work parties, or- Where one small wooden beard at a Christian meeting in ganized for afternoons, are en- building represented the early the Western Sudan is a very un- gaged in planting and rearing church, now hundreds of towusual sight. Later he said that trees, in orchard work, in road ers and spires all over Imerina while he was young his relations construction. One group built a testify to the power of the Gossent him to another tribe where suspension bridge across the pel, while the first twenty baphe learned to beat a call to war. river Tyumie, and also worked tized members have grown to They marched to a neighboring at a hall for wayfarers. Car- tens and even hundreds of thoutribe and overcame their en- pentry, blacksmithing, shoemak- sands. emies. When asked what he did ing, farming, forestry, domestic with those who were killed, he science, the training of nurses, WESTERN ASIA said, "I ate them"! are all carried on. The Institu- tion Church reports that the Turkey and the Mission Schools Sometime later he heard that number seeking admission to a white man had come to teach full church membership was the The Turkish newspaper Son them about God. This old man's highest in memory-no fewer Posta, September 29, 1931, pubface lit up when he said the than seventy-six were admitted lished an article which shows white man was Bwana Muku- in one day, while others who clearly that the attitude of the bwa (Mr. Charles Studd) who were considered worthy were re- Turkish Government to mission told him that if he repented and ferred to their home congrega- schools is definitely hostile: followed Jesus he would be tions for various reasons. saved. He believed and has nev- "According to the Lausanne er gone back since. A number The school draws its pupils Treaty the right of missionaries of people had gathered, and from many races-Xosa, Basuto, to carry on educational work in after the ex-cannibal had fin- Bechuana, Zulu and Indian. Turkey ended this year. The ished speaking another man government could have abol-

ished all these missionary insti- Turkestan, who have left their The marriage of a Persian woman tutions. But this would have homes because of religious and to a foreigner shall take place only brought a crisis, as there are not economic disabilities enforced with the permission of the governsufficient schools for all the chil- upon them by the Soviet regime. ment. Penalty for disobedience is imdren. In order to avoid this the About thirty of these Turkestan prisonment from one year to three Ministry of Education has de- Moslems are in Delhi. years. cided to act gradually toward this abolition. Religious restrictions began A Milestone in Persia with the banning of all religious "The Ministry has adopted teaching in schools and, as Mos- When Moore Science Hall two new measures against these cow's influence grew, spread was begun recently on the foreign schools. First, Turkish until Korans and other religious grounds of the American College children will not be allowed to books were seized. In order to at Teheran, within the cornerreceive their primary education prev~nt attendance at mosque, stone was deposited a copy of in these schools. Second, the the authorities imposed high the Bible in Persian. This siguniversity will not accept the taxes on all worshippers, while nifies the conviction of those rediplomas of these institutions preachers and leaders who re- sponsible for the college that the without examination. This will belled against these measures word of God and the principles lessen the number of students were imprisoned, shot or sent to and truths therein set forth are in the upper classes of the for- Moscow and never heard of the real foundations, the true eign institutions. The graduates again. cornerstone of the institution. of these institutions usually go This is the first building ever to Europe or America for ad- Moslem children are com- erected in Persia exclusively for vanced study. pelled to attend schools where the teaching of the sciences and atheism is preached, and they so it is a milestone in the de- "The harm of the missionary are taught to despise the faith of velopment of modern education schools is evident. These must their parents. Islamic marriages in this land. somehow be restricted. We ex- were declared illegal, and all pect the government will take wishing to be married must go Schools that Make Christians steps at least to limit the harm through a secular ceremony at done to our children." which a non-Moslem Soviet of- "Two Christians are on our ficial officiated. teaching staff," writes a Presby- -The Moslem World. terian missionary in Persia, Passports are refused to those "one of whom is in charge of re- Radio in a Mosque who wish to go on pilgrimages, ligious instruction in the first and fasting for religious r,easons four grades. The other, a more For the first time in Islamic is made a punishable offense. recent convert, has in times past history a radio microphone has been more of a problem than a been installed in a Turkish Christians and Jews are also help, but this year she has mosque–the Santa Sophia, one subjected to every conceivable shown such remarkable developof the most famous religious edi- form of indignity to make them ment in character that we look fices in Turkey. Mustapha forego their religion. to her as a strong future asset. Kemal has directed that the radio services be chanted from New Marriage Laws in Persia "A prominent Moslem ecclesithe newly adopted Turkish astic has been attacked bitterly Koran by twenty-five clergy- The following laws, passed by by a fellow Moslem for senumen. This is a notable depar- the Persian Parliament, con- ing his daughters to our school. ture from ancient custom in re- stitute the new law to be put into 'Don't you realjze they are foolligious service effected by the execution immediately: ing you? They are making progressive Turkish president Christians out of your children. this year. The Arabic Koran, Marriage shall not take place be- Is this worthy of a descendant always unintelligible to the lay- tween those who are not physically of the Prophet?' 'Well,' replied man, was replaced early in J an- fit to marry. the old father, 'perhaps. But at uary in some Istanbul mosque any rate the American School is by a Turkish translation. Penalty is imprisonment for from the only school in town that one year to three years. teaches my girls anything about The Soviet and Moslems in life.' " Turkestan If anybody deceives the one whom he or she wishes to marry, he or she INDIA AND BURMA The Statesman, Calcutta, In- will be imprisoned from six months dia, gives an account of religious to two years. An Ominous Situation persecutions carried on against the Mohammedans of Turke- Men who wish to marry shall in- Rioting in Delhi, disorders in stan. form the one in charge of ceremonies, Bengal, a Moslem split from the and those whom they want to marry, Hindu stand for independence Keen interest is being aroused about their previous wives. Deceit in and an uprising in Kashmir among North India Moslems by this matter is punishable by the above followed Gandhi's return to Inan influx into the Panjab and dia and his declaration that he Delhi of Moslems from Eastern mentioned punishment. Men shall support their wives. In case they refuse to give them food, clothing and shelter their wives may appeal to the courts.

A lady can use her own property without the permission of her hus- band.

A Moslem woman is forbidden to marry a non-Moslem man.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

would not flinch in sacrificing dred and fifty thousand a year, or a (11) Her greatest detestation the lives of a million people to steady unbroken addition of over and abhorrence is- (a) The purchase the liberty of India. twelve thousand every month of those who are publicly accepting Jesus Christian doctrine of God found- P rim e Minister MacDonald Christ as their Lord and Saviour. ed upon the life of the historic made a most outspoken statement concerning the Indian sit- Twenty years ago, the late Sir Christ. This is an offense to the Narayan Chandavarkar to I d philosophic Hindu, who holds uation, describing it as most de- Christian workers in India: plorable and denouncing Indian "The process of the conversion that eternal truth cannot be agitators in vigorous terms. He of India to Christ may not be based on an historical event. going on as rapidly as you hope, (b) The Christian doctrine of said that recent disorders on the nevertheless, I say, India is benorthwest frontier and in Ben- ing converted; the ideas that lie the Atonement is also a stumbgal did not represent a "baffled at the heart of the Gospel are ling bl?ck to Hindu thought, beand oppressed Indian struggling slowly, but surely, permeating cause It appears as a denial of every part of Hindu society, and the law o~ Karma whereby every to be "free," but "a mischievous modifying every phase of Hindu ~an receIves. the reward or punmovement trampling in its own thought." Ishment of hIS own actions. (c) self-will upon Indian progress." The idea of a suffering god is re- He was of the opinion that the There are veteran mission- pugnan! to. H~ndu thought, for people who had been working aries who say that if the politi- they thmk It mconceivable that cal questions now in turmoil are any ripple of emotion should dismany years for the enfranchise- successfully adjusted, so that ment of India must share in the the message of Jesus Christ is turb the serenity of eternal bliss. government's regret, and said no longer handicapped by the fact that He is so closely asso- College Not Boycotted . that every Indian who cares for ciated with Western ideas, the his motherland must see in these whole process of bringing India Rev. C. Herbert Rice, presi- to Him will go forward at an recent events the hand of a immensely accelerated pace. dent of Ewing Christian College spirit of mischief rather than Lahore, writes: ' that of a spirit of emancipation. An Array of Stumbling Blocks "I wish you could have been The arrest of Mr. Gandhi and A writer in The Indian Wit- ness offers a number of reasons here during the days of admis. other leaders of the Nationalist why India withholds allegiance Party, and the declaration by to Christ. sions to see the crowds of stuthe viceroy of a firm policy to (1) India has been hesitating dents seeking to be taken into maintain order, should lead In- because she thinks that if she acdians to seek a patient and cepts Christ she will have to ac- the college. It is haastatthisefacocltlioegn~ peaceful means of attaining cept Western civilization which at least, to know t self-government. she hates. (2) She has not wit- nessed the real life of Jesus in is not being boycotted after our His followers. (3) She proudly boasts of her past philosophy first year here! They swarmed intellectualism and ancestrai customs and traditions. (4) She all over the place, accompanied has been absorbing or assimilat- Encouragement from the Census ing and has lacked in elimina- by fathers, uncles, or guardians, tion. (5) Her method of accom- The official figures for the modation and the genius of ad- who came along to plead with dition. (6) From time immemonew government census will be rial India has been polytheistic the powers that be, to take in and now it is hard for her to be encouraging to those who are monotheistic. (7) Her pride in their sons. Many hundreds I the Vedas and the Rishis that making sacrifices for the spread she considers to be the oldest in should think-had to be turned the world. (8) Her imagination of Christianity. Although the has been fed purely on obscure away owing to lack of room and contemplation and mythological figures are not complete (Bur- deities. (9) She is satisfied with facilities. It is a strange sight a slight glimmering of God and mese Christians, Buddhists and is unwilling to witness fun effuI"" to see bearded fathers-some gence. (10) She judges Chris- Tribal Faiths are missing) the tianity through the British offi- ex-soldiers – actually weeping cers whom she calls despots. tabulation is as follows: tears, as they plead to have their Per Cent sons admitted, in spite of the 1931 1921 Increase verdict that 'there is absolutely Population tnhoismios rteherooonmly'!colTlehgeeywshaey~e'Bmuyt . . . . .• 352,986,876 318,942,480 10.6 Hindus 238,330,912 216,734,586 10 boy can get the moral training, Moslems 77,743,928 68,735,233 13.1 the excellent quality of scientific Sikhs .. 4,306,442 3,238,803 33 studies, and the personal atten- Christians 5,961,794 4,496,958 32.6 Jains .. 1,205,235 1,178,596 2 tion which I want him to have.

Parsees 106,973 101,778 5 I beseech you to let him in, for Jews. . . 20,984 21,778 you can do anything if you will!'

The Rev. J. F. Edwards, a Many had to be turned away, leading missionary, says: and we looked forward to the The figures mean that in a decade, day when we can accommodate when the increase in India's popula- more of these really earnest tion was unusually large, the rate of young fellows. As it is, we are increase in the number of Christians was more than three times the in- full to overflowing with about crease in the general population. The 650 here at the Intermediate increase of nearly a million and a half in ten years means nearly one hun- College, in addition to about 600 more in the High School on the

same campus-and more than resolution number five, the phrase, "A Christians in China to find a constitutional episcopate," is not used 100 advanced students are at the as a synonym for the historic epis- peaceful solution. The China University College Department." copate. Council promptly sent a sympa- thetic response. The Japanese Hopeful Signs in India India's Home Mission Society Fellowship of Reconciliation Rev. C. Stanley Vaughan The first organized mission- also communicated with the Felwrites from India: "We have a ary endeavor of the Anglo-In- lowship of Reconciliation in more hopeful outlook in the dian community is through the church. I have been in every Home Missionary Society. Its China. one of our local councils and objects are to help forward In- Japanese Christian leaders in have everywhere seen signs of dia's evangelization, and to progress. In one place a new promote the development of An- Tokyo called at the Foreign Ofcongregation is added, the fruit glo-Indian communities. Activof one of the Bates evangelists; ities sponsored by the society in- fice and on the political editors in another region, an effort is clude a Children's Home at and owners of leading newspabeing made to improve our vil- Coonoor where there are at pres- pers and requested editorials lage schools; in another an ent 39 destitute girls; Loan that would promote a friendly heroic response to the financial Scholarship Funds; a Magazine needs; in one the contributions Fund and evangelistic work settlement with China. A genof last year have been doubled. among non-Christians. It is eral meeting of Churchmen and To double their rupee contribu- hoped that a Boys' Home, simi- leaders in the peace organization'S means that they have quad- lar to the one for girls may soon rupled their contribution in be established. tion was also held in Tokyo, but grain and all sorts of farm produce." "Village of the New Day" the Japanese Government is evi- dently in control of the milita- An All-India United Church Ushagram in Bengali is an experiment in Methodist mis- rists. In the midst of the disturbed sions. It was begun in 1919 and The New York Times reported political situation, the move- represents a cooperative effort ment toward Christian unity in on the part of the Woman's For- that twenty-five Chinese and for- India is making progress and eign Society and the Board of eign Christian leaders, reprehas recently grown too large to Foreign Missions. It is an exbe limited to the formation of periment in human adjustments, senting all denominations of the a United Church of South India. an adaption of average possibili- Protestant churches in North ties to the business of living. Christian Church and including four Roman Catholics, partici- pated with General Chiang Kai- shek in one of the most unusual gatherings in the history of re- publican China when they con- ferred with him and joined in devotional services, praying for a settlement of the Manchurian dispute.

India have asked for a united Ushagram-"Village of the New Flood Affected 50,000,000 church for the entire country. Day"-is patterned on existing As a result, representatives of Indian villages, but introduces A map of the flooded regions features most essential to In- of China, part of which was the both north and south India met dia's future-the cooperative result of the aerial survey made in Nagpur in November and store, the savings bank, a water by Col. and Mrs. Lindbergh, system, cooperative industries shows that the total area of seriunanimously adopted a series of and cultural development. ously flooded regions is 34,000 resolutions to govern the future square miles, exclusive of lakes. Toward three ideals, the At least 8,000 square miles of writing of formal instruments workers in this "Village of the less seriously flooded areas have of union. These representa- New Day" are striving-Better not been indicated on the map. tives included Baptists, Quak- Homes, Better Villages, Better It is estimated that 50,000,000 Citizens. persons have been directly afers, W e s ley a n Methodists, fected, of whom millions are ut- American Methodists, members CHINA terly destitute., of the United Church of north- Oriental Attempts to Avert War The Nanking government ern India and the South India United Church and Anglicans, so that the importance of this achievement is clear. The cru- cial resolutions read: Christians in both China and asked leading medical schools in That, with regard to the type of Japan have made earnest efforts China to suspend their activities organization that may ultimately to promote a peaceful settlement for three months in order to reprove acceptable for a united church of the Far East controversy. The of India, this conference records its first move seems to have been lease their faculties and adopinion that this would be found taken by Mr. Ebisawa, secretary through the general adoption of a con- vanced students for work among the victims of the floods. . stitutional episcopate responsible to of the National Christian Coun- The present forces are not representative assemblies and synods, cil of Japan, who cabled at once in a form that would comprehend, so to the National Christian Coun- sufficient to cope with the giganfar as practicable, the advantages of tic task ahead of them. It is the the Episcopal, Presbyterian and Con- cil of China that Japanese Chris- conviction of Dr. J. Heng Liu gregational modes of government. In tians would cooperate with director of the Department of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Hygiene and Sanitation, that the lieved of most of the possessions drew about 700 delegates repreexperience in such preventative they had with them. In Kansu, senting every province in China public health activity will be val- the Moslems have again been except one. At the same time uable both to staff and students. causing trouble in the north- a conference for Christian work- east of the province. They car- ers was being held in Soochow, New C. I. M. Headquarters ried out their threat and killed where the principal speaker was all the inhabitants they could Gen. Chang Tsi Kiang, prob- Last June dedicatory services find within thirteen miles of the ably the strongest Christian were held for the new head- city of Liangtang. On Septem- character in Chinese military quarters of the C. I. M. in ber 25 Miss Ivy Dix wrote that circles today, who has contrib- Shanghai. About three hundred the city of Hweihsien was at- uted about $10,000 toward the friends attended. The new build- tacked by brigands. The north- work of the American Bible Soing contains space for mission- ern section of the city, where ciety. aries, administrative headquar- the China Inland Mission premters, residential flats for the ises are situated, was the only He gave an impassioned apstaff, and hospital facilities. In part not looted. These incidents peal for the preaching of the addition there is a Chinese show how widespread banditry Gospel of salvation through chapel and a hostel for Chinese is, and how great is the need to Christ. The president of the guests. The old property had re-establish law and order college is an earnest Christian so increased in value since it throughout the country. and one of the graduates, who was built over forty years ago, plans to devote his life to Christhat the proceeds of its sale cov- -Ja'n'l.es Stark, Secretary of tian work, said that he did not ered the purchase of the greater the China Inland Mission. want any mission help because part of the new site and the he was a grown man with a erection of the main buildings. Hainan Anniversary good education and ought to be The Mission now has organized able to support himself. national centers in Great Bri- Hainan Mission celebrated the tain, the U. S. A., Canada and fiftieth anniversary of its be- Christian Martyrs Unafraid Australia, each with its auxili- ginning last autumn. It was in ary centers, in addition to eleven 1869 that a Danish sea captain Mr. and Mrs. R. W. Porteous Associate Mission centers in named Carl C. J eremiassen came of the China Inland Mission re- Germany, 'Switzerland, Sweden, to China to work for the Canton port the martyrdom of some Norway, Denmark and Finland. provincial authorities, pursuing Christians in one of their out- The Mission has also nearly pirates and smugglers. He came stations. When led out to be three hundred central stations in in contact with Christianity, executed, one of the leaders China. gave up his service with the called out to his brethren, "Don't government and started work as be afraid, I firmly believe that Bandit Activities in China an independent missionary in before the axe touches our necks Formosa. His experience there our spirits will be with the In Kiangsi bandit and com- showed him the need of medical Lord !" Some were offered life munist activity still prevents training, so he went to study un- if they would deny the Lord, but the reoccupation of our evac- der Dr. J. G. Kerr in Canton. they chose death. The remainuated stations. Miss H. M. His sea voyages having shown ing Christians in that outstation, Duncan, writing last November him the great need in the Island still occupied by the Reds, meet from Changshan in Chekiang of Hainan, he began to tell the secretly to worship God when- Province, just over the border message of his Lord and Mas- ever they can. Many other from northeast Kiangsi, says: ter, there alone, unaided except Christians in Kiangsi are living "The Red army is menacing the for his colporteur. Today the under the same conditions. station sixteen miles away. It Protestant churches of Hainan When Pastor Eo-yang wrote he is reported that the Reds are at- number n ear I y 5,000, with and five other brethren were tempting to get out of Kiangsi, churches, Sunday schools and starting out on an evangelistic where fighting, looting, and tak- hospitals. tour in an unevangelized secing captive is still their work. tion of the Yuanchow district. Owing to these conditions, and Encouraging Developments acting on the strong advice of Conditions in central and the Chinese, we are refraining The Rev. Charles W. Worth south Kiangsi Province are still from visiting these outstations." of the Southern Presbyterian far from satisfactory. Mission, Kiangyin, writes sever- In the province of Honan, Mr. al interesting and encouraging Traveling Christian Exhibit and Mrs. H. E. N. Ledgard 'have facts. Time was when all confound it necessary to retire to ferences were planned, led and During the past winter an ex- Yencheng owing to an attack by financed by missionaries, but hibit of books and posters on rebrigands on Shangtsai. In more and more the missionary ligious education and evangel- Shensi, Mr. and Mrs. W. J. has no other responsibility than ism to promote the Five-Year Michel, when traveling by boat, to attend, if he chooses. Recent- Movement has been shown in were held up by bandits and re- ly, a conference in 'Shanghai different cities, including Can- ton, Hangchow, Hankow and other important centers. The

exhibit is divided into twelve asm ran high, many regarding 11. There are problems of villages sections, and includes materials that meeting as the birthplace of with special clans or groups. on religious education in the the Japanese Student Christian home, the school and the church; movement. Since then every 12. There are frequent instances on religious art, religious pag- year has seen the crowd grow- where whole villages quarrel eantry and plays; church music, ing smaller, until this year in with other villages over the dithe thousand character move- Central Methodist Tabernacle vision of water rights. ment, Christian magazines, post- not more than 150 attended to ers and tracts. Wherever shown hear Dr. Yoshimune Abe, presi- 13. Occasionally we find traces of the exhibit has aroused keen in- dent of the National Y. M. C. A. old-fashioned sex customs beterest. Council, dean of Aoyama Theol- tween the young men and wom- ogical School. This marked de- en. JAPAN-CHOSEN cline in student interest in such a significant annual service is 14. The division of the population Youth and the Church causing leaders of youth in of the village into groups by Japan much serious thought. sex and age produces a pecu- The Christian Missionary liar atmosphere in the social Federation in Japan passed the The Rural-Social Problem life. following resolution regarding Youth and the C h r i s t ian The task of the religious 15. As a rule the social life is lack- Church: worker is the enlightenment of ing in all kinds of cultural fa- society. The religious worker cilities. Observing that large sections of the youth of Japan outside the Christian should take note of the social We do not agree with all the Church are turning to Communism in aspect of the rural probem. Dr. above points. After all the their eagerness for social reform, and Nasu has pointed out (in The greatest problems are moral and feeling that earnest effort should be Japanese Christian Quarterly) religious-in any community. made to bring them into contact with fifteen characteristics of the the church, we recommend: rural social p,roblem. A Prize Life of Christ 1. That, while repudiating their 1. It is difficult to make the The first life of Jesus of Nazmethods of violence and their mate- schemes for solving the social areth written by a Japanese on rialistic philosophy, we, as Christians, problem of a radical character. purely original lines has recentview these young people with sym- ly appeared. It won a prize of pathy; that we make special efforts to 2. Private ownership of the means Yen 500 in a competition open understand them and to appreciate of production is never abro- to all Japanese pastors and their zeal and self-sacrificing devo- gated. teachers, in which there were tion; that in so far as they are ready twelve contestants. The judges to labor and sacrifice on behalf of the 3. There are many quarrels rela- were unanimous in giving the victims of the present social order, tive to the means of production award. The author said: we recognize that they have qualities and conditions governing the which might well be turned into leasing of land, (the problem For a long time I yearned to give channels of Christian faith and serv- of tenancy). the Japanese the life of Jesus in their ice; that we make a serious attempt own tongue. Seventy years have to clarify the points of agreement and 4. Because of the involved nature passed since Protestantism came to disagreement between their theories of the class composition of the Japan, but I think that Christianity and practice and those of a Christian farm in Community population, is not truly Japan's own possession social order. there is no clear or deep rooted as long as they have to understand class-distinction. Jesus in terms of foreign thought. 2. That we endeavor to show so- They must have it through their own cially-minded youth that, instead of 5. When trouble breaks out, the mother-milk, the Japanese language, being" indifferent to the cause of the reaction to the quarrel perme- not merely translations. underprivileged and oppressed, which ates every aspect of daily life youth has championed, the church re- and spreads over the whole For a long time I was interested gards this as being in reality a part community. Moreover the na- only in the higher critical study of the of its own responsibility, which, ture of the struggle is more Bible, but latterly I have realized the through its prophets it has always emotional t han intellectual, need of evangelical earnestness, if the recognized, but as a whole has inade- which may lead to grave conse- Christian message is to win its way quately faced. quences. among our people.

3. That we seek to set forth more 6. The social movement is in gen- A Korean "Foreign" Missionary clearly to youth the challenge, ad- eral passive, and seeks immeventure and demand for heroic devo- iliate profit, so that it lacks The Women's Missionary Sotion, of Christian living and of loyalty permanence. ciety of the Korean Presbyterto Christ. ian Church met in September at 7. The pressure of the problem of Onseiri, amid the beautiful scen- Y Student Work in Decline over-p,opulation is felt without ery of the Diamond Mountains. having any connection with the There were about thirty dele- The Tokyo Student Christmas economic structure of society. gates, and as many others whose rally, held annually by the stu- zeal for the cause brought them dent departments of the Y. W. 8. There is an increase in extent as visitors. and the Y. M. C. A., was the of those regions where the masmallest last year since the cus- jority of the rural population Progress was shown in varitom of such a service was estab- are chronically half – unem- ous ways. Two new presbyterlished in 1925 when over 3,000 ployed. ials were admitted, making students were assembled in a eighteen in all. rented public hall and enthusi- 9. The problem of poverty, while it does not often take the form The climax of interest was which it does in the cities, is reached in the Dedication Serv- widespread and universal. ice of Miss Suno Kim, the first 10. To deal with the problem of rural labor special caution is required.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Korean woman ever appointed mand. The day before the Sunday School are being conas a foreign missionary. She is Lieutenant left, he said, "I have ducted. to go with Korean missionaries noticed how you need more -The Missionary Review of in China, to join in the work charts and how slow the present Australia. that has been carried on in process is and have decided that Shantung Province for almost if you will give me a sample of Roman Catholic Missions twenty years by three Korean just what you want, I will make It is reported that 163,615 them on better paper and will workers-46,174 priests, brothmissionaries under the General send you a thousand." Dr. Lau- ers and sisters and 117,441 lay Assembly of the Korean Presby- bach said, "Lieutenant, this auxiliaries, catechists, teachers, terian Church. means that we shall win. This doctors, nurses, etc.-constitute will be the most literate province the force of Roman Catholic The missionary elect was in the Philippines in five years missions for which the Society from now-and perhaps the of the Propagation of the Faith, brought up in a Christian home most literate in the world." the main mission-aid organizaand is a graduate of the Presby- tion of the Church, appeals for Missionary Society in Fiji terian Academy in Seoul, and of funds. a Bible training School in Yoko- For many years the Methodist The vast missionary work Church of Australia has conhama. The Board decided to ducted work in the Fiji Islands. throughout the world includes: begin home mission work among 45,826 churches and chapels; Koreans in Manchuria, and Yen 400 was set aside for that purpose.

Saving the Babies Rece~tly a Christian Society was 309 seminaries with 9,971 stu- formed in Suva with the object dents; 31,418 schools with 1,- The Baby Clinic of the Pres- of carrying on Christian work 521,710 pupils; 691 hospitals with 283,503 patients a year; byterian Hospital in Taiku, Ko- by East Indians. rea, was two years old in Feb- Mr. John Bairagi, an earnest 1,848 dispensaries with 11,066,- ruary, the first venture of its and well-educated young man, 749 patients a year; 1,525 orkind in a city of some 80,000 was appointed pastor of the In- phanages with 81,240 orphans; people. The staff is composed of dian Church in Suva. Great 299 homes for the aged with three Americans and six Kore- success followed Mr. Bairagi's 11,332 inmates; 81 leper asyans. Lectures to mothers are work and he gathered round him lums with 14,060 lepers; 134 given by a young Korean doctor, a fine body of Indian Christians. other philanthropic institutions who makes sure that instruc- Recently dissatisfaction, which with 9,966 inmates.

tions are understood. Literature it now appears had been New Britain Training Institution on the care of children is circu- smouldering for some time, lated. Undernourishment is a broke out. The chairman of the George Brown College, Vuproblem, for little is known of district had acquainted the nairima, New Britain, which artificial feeding and cow's milk, Board with some of the diffi- was officially opened in October, either fresh or evaporated, is culties that had arisen, and his 1930, is providing equipment for prohibitive in price for the aver- letter was followed by a long and carrying forward the work of age family. A food laboratory ably-drawn-up Memorial, signed the Methodist Mission of Auis in operation. About 400 ba- by thirty-four Indian Christians stralasia. Last year it began bies have been registered since in Suva. the clinic was opened. with 205 students. A school for The main contention of the students' wives supplements the Memorial is that an undue em- work of the college, and here ISLANDS OF THE SEA phasis has been placed, and an over 50 women with their fam- unduly large proportion of the ilies assemble to improve their Lieutenant Lends a Hand funds spent, upon educational talents. Another valuable ad- and medical work, and that the junct is the Girls' School, which Dr. Frank C. Laubach, a mis- evangelization effort has been must be held in the open air for sionary of the American Board, allowed to suffer and they are lac~ of a building. Last year 95 is finding the demand for liter- desirous of carrying out a more per cent of the maintenance ature among the Moros so great vigorous evangelistic campaign. fund was subscribed by natives that the printing pTess cannot Efforts have been made to who have very meager re- keep up with it. Lieutenant bring about a reconciliation and sources. Carleton, of the United States to retain these people within the -The Missionary Review of Army, was visiting Lanao not Methodist Church, but without Australasia.

long .ago and became deeply in- success. They have now defi- What Joni Did terested in watching Dr. Laubach nitely cut themselves adrift, teach the Moros to read by his converted a house into a place Joni Uluibau was born at special new method. Lieutenant of worship, and appointed an- Matuka in the Lau group of the Carleton saw the missionaries other pastor, while Mr. Bairagi Fiji Islands, was trained in a trying to make enough of the has opened a secondary school. mission school, and at the age of large charts to serve the de- Regular Sunday services and a 21 went with a pioneer mission

party to Bougainville in the Sol- Contributions for Protestant and Australasia. No report was omon Islands. After six years Missions received from Russia. Africa and Central America show slight of fruitful service he recently In America, including Cana- losses. The figures from Asia, returned to Fiji on his first fur- da, contributions to the cause of in view of disturbed political lough, hoping to go back with a foreign missions during 1929 in- conditions, are peculiarly grati- fying. In China the churches wife to teach girls to sew, cook creased considerably, but the are substantially holding their and clean. Much of the progress continental contributions fell off. own; from India almost every In Germany, Sweden, Switzer- district reports advance. made in that part of the Solomons has been due to his effort land, France and Finland there Three World Conferences was an increase, but not large and influence. He has trans- Three great world conferlated enough hymns and pas- enough to equalize the decrease ences have come to be associated sages of Scripture to make the in Belgium, Denmark and Hol- with the official life of the churches: Stockholm. Lausanne, first book in the Teop tongue. land. America contributes 55.5 Jerusalem. The three move- The Sydney Daily Telegraph, per cent, England 22.04 per cent, ments are of universal reach and definite significance. The after Joni had stopped in that and the Continent 9.3 per cent of first represents a developing city on his way home, told his the total gifts recorded. Sums world-federation of churches on the basis of a common "life and story under the title "What Joni contributed in 1929 were as fol- work," with special attention to Did as a Christian." lows: the social application of Christ's teachings; the second, an ap- Smiling and fuzzy-headed, with America ……………• $28,525,939 proach by way of theological dis- cussion to the possible organic dark brown eyes, and over six feet Great Britain ……….. 11,172,525 unity of thought in Christen- dom; the third, an organization high, Joni Uluibau is a living example South America.. . . .. …. 3,700,184 devoted to the world missionary problem and composed of the of the work that Christian missions Germany …..•……… 1,448,517 missionary societies of the West, together with the new churches have accomplished in the South Seas. Australia …………… 1,390,292 in the East.

The simple pride of J oni in his life- Sweden …………..•.. 1,247,745 Plans are under way for the next World Conference in 1935 work; his calm native dignity; his South Africa ……….. . 681,275 after the order of Stockholm, but probably to be held in Lonfriendliness; his patience as he Denmark …………… 528,472 don. A program committee under the leadership of Dr. Wilwrestles with the intricacies of Eng- Norway ..•..•………. 481,328 liam Adams Brown suggests as general themes for consideralish, make a picture that impresses Holland ……………. 473,958 tion: itself forcibly upon the mind. New Zealand ..•……. . . 471,782 1. A survey of the more important developments in the field of Christian "I go there first when quite young," Switzerllmd …………. 292,890 life and work which have taken place since the last conference, together said J oni, "and they are dirty. They France ……..•…..•.. 155,935 with an analysis of the problems and tasks which grew out of them. do not know. Oh, how dirty. The Finland ………….•.. 118,235 2. A consideration of ways in pigs are everywhere, the houses fall Belgium •…………•.. 4,633 which the churches may cooperate down. more effectively for the purpose of realizing the aims set forth in the "I say, in Fiji we keep the pigs in a Total …•..•…….. $50,693,710 Stockholm Message of 1925. fence. It is cleaner. Get rid of the pigs. , 3. A further exploration of the Baptist World Strength basic convictions and experiences "At first they laugh at me, but I which motivate and inspire Christian The Baptist World Alliance service, both in its individual and sotalk and talk. The chiefs listen; they reports December 31, 1931, the cial aspects, with a view to: following world totals (excludsay, 'Perhaps J oni's way is right.''' ing Russia) : (a) Deepening the religious life of the members of our churches, J oni alone tamed those savages, re- Church Sunday Members School (b) Clarifying their understanding built their houses, built pig-sties, and EUrope ……… 662,410 629,332 of the moral issues which con- Asia ……….. 389,575 169,587 front the Church and the world today two sons of Teop headhunters Africa . . . . . . . . . . 85,182 32,893 today, and America: are learning to. be teachers. North …….. 9,402,007 5,536,938 (c) Promoting a spirit of self- Central and sacrifice and consecration in MISCELLANEOUS NEWS West Indies … 70,020 59,599 facing them. South …….. 42,643 39,719 Mathematics in Religion Australia and New Zealand .. 37,378 48,962 Logically-minded folk will be interested in Margaret Seebach's Total ….. 10,689,215 6,517,030 "Equations of the World's Religions." The most encouraging feature of the report is that the totals Every religion has in it some great of Sunday School pupils show truth, some fine quality; but all except an advance in every continent. one have some deficiency. We may in- The largest numerical increase dicate them by minus and plus signs, is in North America and the and the answer to the equation gives largest proportionate increase in the result in character. Only one South America. Church memshows the plus sign. bership shows an advance of ap- proximately 80,000, of which the Islam=zeal for God-love for man larger part is in North America, =Intolerance. though there is also advance in Europe, Asia, South America Confucianism = morality-compassion=Coldness.

Hinduism=search for God-service to man=Selfishness.

Buddhism=resignation-aspiration =Pessimism.

Animism=belief in the unseentrust=Superstition.

Christianity=love to God+love to man=Service.

Missionary

Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information Karl Barth-Prophet of a New Chris- we must find a more sympathet- hand his intellectualism and lib- tianity. By Wilhelm Pauck. 228 pp. ic interpreter. $2. Harpers. New York. 1931. eral traditions make it difficult Barth's position on certain Karl Barth at the age of for- points is too cloudy and uncer- to dissociate himself completely ty-five is beyond doubt the most tain to permit his being numchallenging figure in contempo- bered among conservative theo- from certain assumptions of the rary theology. He has been for logians; but on most of the great more than a decade the center of essentials of Christianity his critical school: on the other his a remarkable religious move- testimony seems to have the ment in Germany and recently ring of true conviction. It is candid inquiry has brought him his dynamic personality and Barth~s evangelical outlook to teaching have seized the atten- which Professor Pauck objects. face to face with the tremendous tion of religious leaders through- Here are a few of his comments : out the world. Unfortunately, realities of Christ and the Scripfew of his writings have thus "Barth's limitations are twofar been made available to Eng- fold. He speaks too bluntly in tures. The latter influence, we lish readers and this volume, supernatural terms. . . . The characterized by the publishers other limitation of his thought is should say, is clearly in the asas a "penetrating analysis," will closely connected with this: it is awaken the keen anticipation of his staunch Biblicalism. . . . He cendant. H. R. M. a wide circle. Analysis is hard- finally even declares that the ly the proper term, however, to Virgin Birth is a necessary part Seeing South America. By John T. describe the method of this au- of the creed of the Christian Faris. 223 pp. $2.50. Revell. New thor; the book is actually a criti- Church…. Barth believes that York. 1931. cism of the so-called Barthian the only possible way of thinkteaching. The sub-title is also ing about God is the way taken It used to be quite the thing misleading, since Barth is by no by the men of the Bible." He to make a swing around South means the "Prophet of aNew sums up his opinion of Barth in America and write a book about Christianity." As this volume this language : "We cannot one's trip. Dr. Faris is the only abundantly proves, his funda- avoid the conclusion that he is one we know who has done it remental appeal is to the Christi- guilty of a strange self-decep- cently. In setting down the anity of the first century. tion when he insists on pointing usual information desired by to the immediate revelation of tourists, he has fortunately done Those who have read Barth's God which is concealed in the it in a sympathetic way, not in "The Word of God and the Word biblical testimony on Jesus the old critical spirit, which of Man," recently translated by Christ. He operates with a con- showed disgust with our south- Douglas Horton, will at once ception of revelation which is ern neighbors because they did sense the unbalanced character antiquated, outlived, unreal. It not have as many bath tubs and of some of these chapters; but is the old supernaturalism, the fast express trains as we in the they will, nevertheless, find an old belief in the miraculous inarresting psychological study in tervention of an otherwise North. the 'effort of an avowedly liberal worldly, superhuman, anthropo- The traveler who wishes to theologian to deal fairly with the morphic God, which haunts positions of another brilliant him." It is clear, of course, that know a little South American leader holding contrary views. Pauck is incapable of compre- history, a few statistics, some Much of the discussion moves in hending how a brilliant theologi- geography and a few sayings of the realm of a terminology an, so thoroughly informed on important people will find this which only those versed in the the whole history of criticism as volume of interest as a guide intricacies of speculative theol- Barth, could hold to a belief in book. But frankness compels ogy would be able to follow. As the supernatural. one to express wonder at the aulight takes on the hues of the thor's failure to check historical medium through which it passes, The reader of this book will statements, one of which, for exso it is evident, if we are to real- hardly escape the impression ample, incorrectly refers to the ly know and understand Barth, outstanding Argentine patriot, that with Barth an internal con- San Martin, as follows: "In flict is in progress. On the one Peru, Jose de San Martin heard of the efforts made by the patri- [189] ots to the South, and he made up his mind to go to their as- sistance!" As to travel, the statement is made: "Even if you have but a month at your dis- posal this is sufficient to make the enticing sail to Rio de Ja- neiro, Montevideo and Buenos

Aires." Just how is this to be of one writer. While we cannot the West have confined our ataccomplished, if one is to get agree with the writer of the in- tention largely to the spread of back home, since more than six troduction that "it is the most Christianity in the Roman Emweeks are required for a round valuable and comprehensive pire and in Europe, and have trip from New York to Buenos work on religious liberty in the gained no adequate conception Aires? last hundred years", neverthe- of the progress of the Gospel less it has excellent and extend- eastward, nor of the vast Nes- The absence of any discussion ed treatments of such widely di- torian Church which by the of the political, social, education- vergent topics as Apostles of eighth century stretched from al or religious questions, which Religious Freedom, Juridical Baghdad to Peking and as far are so important to any visitor and Moral Problems of Religious south as Ceylon. Dr. Stewart to South America today, tends to Freedom, a comparison of Bud- has made it possible for us to fill a lack of flavor and human in- dhism and Christianity, An An- in part this gap in our knowlterest. alysis of the work of St. Francis edge, and to feel something of of Assisi, Constitutional Studies the original warmth and enthu- The list of reference books is regarding the Position of the curious, for out of thirty lines Vatican, and a defense of the siasm of the missionary passion given to this list over half the Jews Against Persecution. of this ancient church. He says: lines are given to Darwin's "Voy,age of the Beagle," which A supplement of 200 pages From hundreds of monasteries all is out of print. The well known contains some 35 articles on over Persia and in central and eastern volume "EI Supremo" is put various phases of religious lib- Asia, there poured forth a constant down as referring to Uruguay erty by such outstanding author- stream of ascetics, men and women, instead of Paraguay. No book ities as Cavour, Louis Marshall who had completed their three years' on either Brazil or Argentina is and William H. Taft. Papers in probationary trainIng and now went mentioned and none by a Latin connection with the One Hun- forth in obedience to our Lord's com- American author. dred and Fiftieth anniversary of mand, seeking to carry the Gospel to the Constitutional Establish- the end of the earth or to found new What might have been a help- ment of Religious Liberty in the monasteries which in turn would be ful up-to-date travel book has United States give a splendid ac- training schools for future generations been limited in usefulness by a count of the early debates on the of devotees. Some of them became too hasty preparation. relations between Church and "solitaries" or "anchorites," giving State and the way this question themselves over mostly to prayer and S.G.r. has been gradually worked out intercession. . . . Others taking in this country. The relation of thetr lives in their hands went forth, God in Freedom-Studies in the Rela- the League of Nations to Reli- not knowing whither they went, but tion between Church and State. gious Liberty is also discussed. content to follow where God might By Luigi Luzzatti. $5. Macmillan. lead . . . supporting themselves New York. 1931. Dr. Luzzatti (1841-1927) was by the labor of their hands Dr subsist- an Italian Jew, whose studies led ing on roots and fruits or on the grass Luigi Luzzatti was one of the him into the closest sympathy of the field. They counted no trouble chief citizens of Italy during the with Christianity and gave him too great, no hardship too severe, as last half century. The one great a great advantage as a neutral long as they might share in the cause to which he devoted his su- student. His admiration for St. spreading abroad of the message of perior talents as a scholar and Francis is significant of his full salvation for all mankind. statesman may be epitomized in broad culture and noble soul. this principle: all human prog- They penetrated into almost ress and happiness are derived S.G.r. every part of Asia and were able from liberty of thought and con- to make converts and found science. Nestorian Missionary Enterprise-A Church on Fire. By John Stewart. churches and establish bishop- This volume contains much in- Map. 323 pp. Rs. 4. Christian Lit- ries everywhere they went. teresting material never before erature Society. Madras. 1931. pub lis h e d. Included in its The author uses freely the resketches of champions of reli- Many years as a missionary cently published studies of Dr. gious liberty are distinguished of the United Free Church of Mingana of Manchester and the representatives of the cause be- Scotland in South India, brought other principal sources. In his longing to India, Persia, China, the author of this volume into effort to give the reader all the Japan, the Ottoman Empire, and contact with the Syrian Christhe early Church Fathers as well tians. He became interested in known facts he has made some as its great exponents in Euro- the history of the great "Church of his pages rather heavy, and pean and American his tor y. of the East" (the Nestorian one wishes that much of this ma- Adequate treatment is also given Church) of which they are a terial might have been included to the movements for the separa- branch, and in this interesting in appendices. In many places, tion of State and Church in our volume he has made available however, the story is told in a own day in France, Scotland, for English readers the results very interesting fashion. There Wales, and other lands. of his studies. Most of us who are several inaccuracies in de- have studied church history in tails, such as, the statement that This is a kind of encyclopedia the tomb of Esther is in Tabriz, on the subject of religious free- and that the medical school of dom, except that it is the opinion Gondisapor was in the Punjab (it is in Persia). One is inclined to feel that, in his enthusiasm for the glorious past of the

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

Church of the East, Dr. Stewart that flow out to the mind of to- secular instruction is whether it has painted the picture of its is right to use missionary money character and achievements in day. Perhaps, therefore, there too vivid colors. But though the and Christian workers merely to Christians of Central Asia may are phases of thought and exnot have been as numerous or as teach arithmetic, geography, hisloyal as some of the records rep- pression which will be transi- tory, and similar subjects. It is resent them, still the fact re- true that the early church spent mains that the Nestorian Church tory. Perhaps there are some its time who II y in Christian was able to do what modern mis- preaching and teaching, wit h sions have not yet accomplished, enduring values and permanent some healing work. It is open to namely, to establish a living, question, however, whether misself-propagating church in al- notes lost for the time in the new sion work, if confined strictly to most every part of Asia. this apostolic method would pro- emphasis. How could it be oth- duce the per man e n t results The almost complete disap- sought in our complex modern pearance of this Church from erwise? But it would be hard to world. As a rule the Gospel of Asia some five hundred years Christ functions more effectiveago was due chiefly to persecu- find more glorious love of Christ ly in a cultured mind than in an tion, compromise with other re- ignorant one. ligions, and the Mongol invasion. or clearer recognition of His Dr. Stewart might have added It is generally conceded in the ignorance and corruption of glory and grace, His uniqueness missionary circles that Christian the clergy, as pictured in "Wil- evangelism should be the central liam Rubruck's Journey to Tar- and His sufficiency, His "alone- factor in all work on mission tary," and to the vast distances fields-whether through preachseparating the churches of the ness," His "absolute value." Dr. ing, class room activities, medi- Far East from their headquar- cal service, industrial work, or in ters in Mesopotamia. Buttrick knows that the Gospel the preparation of literature.

Two important f act s are is not a human aspiration or in- Missionaries deal not merely brought out in Dr. Stewart's with the ears of man but with book: (1) Many of the elements vention but "an eternal Gospel, their entire personalities. One in the non-Christian religions hundred years ago it was generwhich seem to resemble Chris- from everlasting to everlasting ally considered sufficient to protian ideas are really derived claim the good news of Christ; from Christianity, and can, in the overture of God to men in today we see how important it many instances, be traced back is to prepare the way for the to the time when the Nestorian Christ Jesus." "Jesus came Gospel and to train Christians Church was influential in India to assume responsibility of and the East. (2) When Chris- preaching." Dr. Buttrick sees leadership. The full message of tianity effected a compromise Christ must be applied in the with other religions in India and that the mission of the preacher classroom, the dispensary, the China, it ceased to be mission- today is to preach Jesus Christ, work shop, in social life, and in ary, and soon disappeared. The the home as well as in the fate of the Church of the East is and that no one will ever exhaust Church. a warning to all missionaries to lay a true foundation which this message or be able to do J.F. R. nothin!!, can overthrow. more than make a new attempt "Yes, But-" The Bankruptcy of W.M.M. Apologetics. By Willard L. Sperry. to open the riches of the glory Harper & Bros. New York. 185 Jesus Came Preaching. By George A. pp. $2.00. Buttrick. 8 vo. 239 pp. $2.50. of Christ to men. The lectures Scribners. New York. 1931. The title of the book is a clever are a fresh and sincere and able phrase coined by Johann Semler Those who heard the "Yale of Halle, who lived at the begin- Lectures on Preaching" for 1931 effort to set forth anew and for ning of the era of destructive and had heard many other lec- criticism of the G 0 s pel s. He tures in this famous series our time and especially for the feared the consequences for his thought that no lecturer had own faith. His type of mind permade a deeper impression than preachers in our time, the glory sists, and this book itself raises Dr. Buttrick since Sylvester questions but does not answer Horne. Dr. Buttrick, in trying of God as it shone in the face of them. The contents deal with reto speak to the mind of this day, ligion, theology, and truth, all of uses the vocabulary, the fashion Jesus Christ. R. E. S. which are considered as standof speech, the approach, the ing at the cross-roads. The auforms of statement and appeal Education and the Missionary Task. thor, who is Dean of the Theo- By a Mission Secretary. 33 pp. logical School at Harvard Uni- 6d. World Dominion Press. Lon- don. 1931.

This address, delivered at an annual conference in England, takes the position that we must get back to more direct evangel- ism in all missionary work. This is a world-wide issue and repre- sents a resurgence of feeling in some sections of the Church. Again and again evangelism has been stressed as the only way to win non-Christians to disciple- ship, and the only justification for soliciting funds for the sup- port of the work. Probably there would be a general agreement among the missionary-minded in putting evangelism first and, no doubt, it should be emphasized more than it has been. Mission- aries are sent forth to win dis- ciples to Christ by preaching the Gospel, and to build up a body of believers by gathering them into Christian churches.

The question raised regarding

versity, asks such questions as, the mingling with Hebrew re- tions, games, verses, stories and whence liberalism? whither lib- ligion of foreign s t rea m s of adventures offered in this ateralism? and what is the place thought, and especially of the tractive volume. The voyagers of Jesus in His own religion? speculations which had come in travel to Africa, India, the Med- The book contains frank and from Persia. It was due still iterranean I and s, Japan and courageous criticism, but its ten- more to the unfolding of great China, seeing strange sights, dency is against super-human ideas which had always been im- hearing new sounds, and becomreligion. The least satisfactory plicit in Hebrew religion itself." ing acquainted with children of chapter is the one dealing with The second part of the book, other races. The stories and the place of Jesus in Christian- d e a lin g specifically with the poems have no Christian tone or ity. e. g.: teaching of Jesus regarding the message. They have little mean- "Browning say s somewhere Kingdom, contains much that is ing and apparently no purpose that the acknowledgment of God excellent. Finally, the author except to amuse and awaken a in Christ solves for us all ques- traces the later development of sense of fellowship with children tions in the universe. That is a the kingdom and its mission in of other races. gross overstatement of the fact. the establishment of the church The acknowledgment of God in and the proclamation of a world- Escape. By Francesco Fausto Nitti. Christ may encourage us to place wide message. 8 vo. 267 pp. $2.50. Putnam. a particular interpretation upon S. M. Z. New York. 1931.

many of the processes of nature Charles Lewis Slattery. By Howard Opinions differ about Premier and history, but it simply does Chandler Robbins. 400 pp. $2.50. Mussolini. To some he is almost not answer countless questions Harpers. New York. 1931. a God; to others he is a demon. that the human mind must ask Francesco Fausto Nitti, the son and for which it must try to find As rector of Grace Protestant of a Methodist clergyman and an answer. I write down this the nephew of a former premier reversed doctrine of the divinity Episcopal Church, New York, of Italy, shares the latter opinof Christ, that God must be at ion. He entered the World War least as good as Jesus is, as too Bishop Slattery made a pro- when only fifteen. Later he bepatently apologetic and too com- came an ardent advocate of deplacently indifferent to the hon- found impression upon the re- mocracy and liberty. He was a est brain work of the world to be bank employee and student and of any permanent help." ligious life of that great city, was opposed to Mussolini's auto- cratic dictatorship and the forci- S. M.Z. and when Bishop Lawrence re- ble suppression of all opponents. He was not in politics but was The KingdOm of God in the New Tes- tired as Bishop of the Diocese of arrested and sentenced without tament. By Ernest F. Scott, D. D. hearing, trial or conviction to 197 pp. $1.75. Macmillan. New Massachusetts, Dr. Slattery was five years confinement in one of York. the many prison islands. After chosen as his successor. In this suffering many trials, indigni- This scholarly volume has only ties and inj ustices he, and two indirect bearing on the mission- wide field he showed gifts of companions, escaped from Liary enterprise. Its chief aim is pari, Italy'S "Devil's Island," to determine how Jesus con- leadership and qualities of and made their way to Paris. ceived of the Kingdom of God. The story of the experiences and The author, professor of New Christian character that won the the audacious flight for freedom Testament C r i tic ism in the is thrilling. The picture given Union Theological Seminary, ap- respect and affection of people of Mussolini and the reign of proaches the subject from the terror under his regime is that standpoint of liberal Christian- of all religious beliefs. He pub- of a ruthless machine that mows ity. He says, "Thus from the down all that opposes its progidea of J ahve as King of Israel lished more than a score of ress. Evidently there is no libarose that of the one God, who erty in Italy for those who are reigns over all nations and who books in the field of religion and not Fascisti. Mussolini is a powmade and governs the universe." erful autocrat who is determined He traces the historical back- biography, was fo:: many years to make Italy a powerful nation, ground of the conception of the but he rules by fear and force kingdom; emphasizes the influ- Chairman of the Church Conence on Jewish thought of Persian mythology and Rabbinical gress in the United States, Chairman of the Commission on the Revision of the Book of Com- mon Prayer, an Overseer of Harvard College, and a Trustee of Boston University, Andover, and Wellesley College.

Dr. Robbins has done much more than describe the external facts of Bishop Slattery's life.

His picture is that of a man with a genius for friendship, a devo- tion to his daily tasks, and an unaffected joyousness in living.

This kind of biography enriches the mental and spiritual life of the reader. A. J. B.

apocalyptic. Drawing the conclu- The Treasure Ship Sails East. IlIus. and not by love and justice. sion that "Jesus, then, fell heir 8 vo. 127 pp. $2. Macmillan. Many of the strongest, most into a conception which had passed New York. 1931. telligent, noblest Italians have through a long development in Boys and girls love adventure. been mercilessly imprisoned, the religion of Israel. . . . This Primary children will be at- banished or killed. The Fascisti development was partly due to tracted by the colorful illustra- need the Gospel of Christ.

Books Negroes of Afric:a–:.History and Cul-

ture. Maurice Delafasse. 313 pp. $3.15. Associated Publishers. Wash- Announcins I New Ind ~ to the FuIl.· Striking addresses ington. 1931. ThorouShly Reviled Edition of by John McNeill. 208 pp. 28., 6d. The Remaking of Man in Africa. J. The Progress of Pickering "Inglis. London. 1931. H. Oldham and B. D. Gibson. 84 The Centennial of the Western For- pp. 28., 6d. Oxford University eign Missionary Society. Edited by Press. London. 1931. World -Wide Missions James A. Kelso. 234 pp. Commit- Streams in the Desert. Mrs. Chas. E. tee of Pittsburgh Presbytery. Pitts- Cowman. 378 pp. $1.50. Oriental B, Ihe burgh. 1931. . Missionary Society. Los Angeles. Schoolgirls Together. Mrs. E. Weller. Rev. Robert HIli Glovw, M. D., F.R.G.S. Calendar-Jewish and Christian. The 18. China Inland Mission. Lon- Late S. B. Rohold. 110 pp. 40 don. 1931. Ho.e DIrector, Chlnelalencl MI…on cents. Mt. Carmel Bible School. A _preh..llye hlltory ad ….._ book Ihlt mould be In Ihe IIbr.., 01 "'err one Inl. . .eeI In .1…0…. A ……… ad • Hudson Taylor's Legacy. Marshall clllllle wrlllen b, • r..1.1"'0…, ……… Haifa. 1931. Curing the Inc u r a b I e. Winifred Bromhall. 167 pp. 28., 6d. China "For yed" there hdS been. growlns de…nd Combes. 35 pp. 6d. Church Mis- Inland Mission. London. 1931. for such d mlulon.ry text-book IS this. It Is an sionary Society. London. 1931. Under Seven Congo Kings. R. H. Indlspenwble work for dll deslrlns concl.c In- Carson Graham. 293 pp. 68. Carey formation on every PMse of mllSiolllry en- Chief Among the Brethren. Compiled Press. London. delYOr. It "/IRS true to the Gospel Mawsc," by H. Pickering. 223 pp. 38., 6d. -SUNDAY SCHOOL TIMES Pickering & Inglis. London. 1981. A Way of Escape. Raymond B. Fos- With Maps, Full Indices, Bibliography, Samuel Crowther of Nigeria. Jesse dick. 15 pp. Princeton University Etc., Octavo. 418 Pages, $2.50 Press. Prineeton. 1931. Page. 191 pp. 28. Pickering & RlY Long a Rlchlrd R. Smlth~ Inc. Inglis. London. 1931. Year Book of Miseions. 68 pp. 35c. The Christian Mission in Rural India. American Board of Commissioners 12 Eest 4hl Street. NC1II! YotIc Kenyon L. Butterfield. 160 pp. In- for Foreign Missions. Boston. 1931. ternational Missionary Council. New Persona' Items York. 1931. Annual Report of the Panjab Mission, Clever Country. Caroline Gardner. 158 1930-S1. Wesleyan Mission Press. Myscire. 1931.

pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. (Continued from Bd C01JM') 1931. Fanny Crosby. John Hawthorne. 64 pp. 18. Pickering" Inglis. Lon- Obituary Notes The Rev. James L. Kennedy, a mis- don. 1931. sionary of the Methodist Episcopal From Genesis to Revelation. S. Ridout. Mrs. J. J. Lucas, of India, for over Church, South, has rounded out a h81f . 261 pp. 28., 6d. Pickering" In- sixty years a missionary of the Amer- century of service in Brazil. His ican Presbyterian Church in India, range of activities includes that of glis. LondDn. 1931. died at the home of her son, Dr. E. J. evangelist, pastor, treasurer, schoo] His Bequest-The Believer's Riches in Lucas, in Lahore, on December 4th. president and author of A History of Her husband, Dr. J. J. Lucas, who Methodism in Brazil (in Portuguese). Trust. Norman B. Harrison. 48 survives, has had a similar long term pp. Art cover, 25 cents; gift edi- of service in India. Mrs. Lucas was … … … , tion, 40 cents. B. I. C. Assn. Chi- born in Vermont and in India served eago. 1931. successively in Mainpuri, Fatehgar, Dr. Kenyon L. Butterfield, who for How to Master the Bible. Martin Saharanpur and Allahabad. Since the past two years has served as coun- Anstey. 204 pp. 28., 6d. Picker- 1923, when they resigned after fifty selor on rural work for the inter- ing & Inglis. London. 1981. years of active service, Dr. and Mrs. national Missionary Council, and in Knowing the Bible. Raymond C. Knox. Lucas have lived in Landour, North that capacity has visij;ed India, China, 277 pp. $1.75. Macmillan. New India. Among their children, who call Korea and the Philippine Islands, has York. 1931. them blessed, are Dr. Wm. P. Lucas, been appointed for another year to .Missions in the Bible. J. B. Lawrence. of California; Mrs. Frances Hender- lecture and write. He plans to con- 186 pp. 75 cents, cloth; 50 eents, son of Ohio State University, and sult with mission boards regarding the paper. Southern Baptist Conven- Dr. Edmund D. Lucas, President of strengthening of rural work in mis- tion. Atlanta. 1932. Forman Christian College, Lahore. The Rural Mission of the Church in On her eightieth birthday Mrs. Lucas sion lands. … … … Eastern Asia. Kenyon L. Butter- took her first ride in an airplane at Beld. 222 pp. International Mission- Allahabad. The Rev. James W. Hawkes, on ary Council. New York. 1931. November 1, 1931, completed 50 years World Clock. A colored chart. Thomas of missionary service in Persia. He T. Smith. 25 cents each; $15 per is an outstanding scholar of Persian, 100. Thos. T. Smith. Marion, Ind. William Knowles Cooper, for twen- having assisted in a revision of the Missionary Heroines in Eastern Lands. ty years (1909-1929) the General Sec- Persian Bible, and is the author of a E. R. Pitman. 191 pp. 28. Pick- retary of the Y. M. C. A. in Wash- new Persian Bible Dictionary. ering & Inglis. London. 1931. ington, D. C., died at his home there … … … To Mother: Memory Blossoms. Caro- on January 19th at the age of sixty- four. Mr. Cooper was born in Phila- The Rev. Jesse M. Bader, D. D., is lyn Nicholson Payson. 48 pp. $1. delphia in 1867 and was at different the new Field Secretary for Evange- Wheelock Pub. Co. Boston. 1931. times secretary of the Y. M. C. A. Marches of the North. E. Alexander in Brooklyn, New York and in Spring- lism in the Federal Council of Powell. Illus. 311 pp. $4. Cen- Beld, Mass. He rendered valuable Churches. Dr. Bader's interest in tUry. New York. 1931. service on the Laymen's Council of evangelism has taken him to most of Missions Matching the Hour. Stephen Congregational Churches, with the the English-speaking world, including J. Corey. 184 pp. Cokesbury Press. Boy Scouts of America, the Federal Nashville. 1931. Council of Churches and other Chris- Great Britain, New Zealand and Aus- New Life Through God. Toyohiko tian organizations. tralia.· Kagawa. 210 pp. $1.50. Revell. … … … New York. 1931. Dr. W. T. Anderson, a veteran mis- Paterson of Hebron. W. Ewing. Illus. sionary of the United Presbyterian' The Rev. William S. Beard retired 2056 pp. 88., 6d. James Clarke " Mission in India, died January 21st February 1st as executive secretary at Sialkot, India. Mr. Anderson was of the Commission on Missions of o. London. preparing to return to America when the Congregational and Christian 'Jlae Pilgrim Church. E. H. Broad- he was called "home." Churches. In the last twelve years Mr. Beard has directed campaigns !urst. 406 pp. 78., 6d. Pickering which have collected large sums for ur; Inglis. London. 1931. foreign missions.

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The Missionary Review of the World — February 1932

1932

Student Volunteers at Buffalo An Editorial The Way of Victory in China Walter H. Judd Modern Miracles at Moga Irene Mason Harper Are Mission Boards Worth While Arthur J. Brown

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THE KIN G'S BUSIN ESS (Th·,::~!:~~rn~~:::·) Dates to Remember WILLIAM P. WHITE~ D.O., Editor February 5-Closing FLORIDA MIS- SIONARY ASSEMBLY at Jacksonville. PASTORS,_TEACHERS, CHURCH L.I Ihe R••d… Sp••k lor Th….lv.. wORKER5- February 8-16-INTERNATIONAL COUN- "I u•• Ih. H.lps .ltot.lh.r In studyl,,! .y S"y CIL OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION, Chi- Look .t this parti.1 list of contents: School L.non." cago, Illinois. Pm.nl-Dn Fullll••nl 01 Proph.cy "II Is .ound In doclrill••nd I. 8ne In Ib e.pOllllon February 12-WORLD DAY OF PRAYER. World events In the IllIht of Scripture. 01 deep .plrll..llrul…." , Cr_bs fro. Ih. Kln.'s r-bl. February 12-14-National Convention "Ib llllicl.. on proph.cy ar. In.plrln. 10 Ih_ of the LEAGUE OF EVANGELICAL STU- Rich Bible truths by the editor. DENTS, Pittsburgh, Pa. Conlrllt.ted Arllcl•• Iroublou. U…." July 25-31-WORLD SUNDAY SCJlOOL By outstandinlt~hrlstlan leaders. "W. and !het 'Th. Kin.'. Bu.ln…' •••b Iha CONVENTION, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Hurl 10 H••rI with OUI Younl R••d… n••d. 01 th. PI_nt day. W. cannot do without 11." Personal Items Interestlns stories with a messase. Inl.,..Uon.1 L.noll Co….ntery "I k••p.1I .y cople.lor r…..nc••"

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$2 Worth For $11 Misa Anne Seedoltz, of Canton, Ohio, is the newly elected Executive THE BIBLE TODAY, a condensed, popul'!!1 pertinent evangelistic magazine, published by the Secretary of. the Council of Women Natlon.1 Bible Institute, 340 West 55th Street, New York, will b. sent to for Home Missions. After her grad- uation from Western Reserve Uni- You .ad • friend 10, versity, Miu Seesholtz was graduate exchange student in Theology at War- ONE YEAR' FOR ONE DOLLAR burg, Germany; later a teacher in (Resular subscription price 51.00 a year) Canton High School and in Y. W. C. A. work in America and Chipa. In Speci.1 offer from November 15, 1931, to February 29, 1932 1930-31 she was a member of the Fact Finding Commission for China of the DON O. SHELTON, LL.D., Editor Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry.

Some of the notable articles especially written for THE BIBLE TODAY to be published during 1931-1932 ••• "How 10 Glow • Soul," by the REV. DR. JAMES BLACK, P.stor of Free St. Georges, Edlnbursh, President G. Bromley ODUlDl of De- Pauw University, Dr. Frank W. Pad- Scotland. , elford of the/Northern Baptist Board "Lenonl Fr2111 • C.Ii," by W. HOSTE London, Ensland. of Education, Dr. Edward RyDearson "The Man Who Wenl to see What He Could see," by MELVIN 'G. KYLE, president of the Xenia of the Pittsburgh public schools voca- tional department, and Miss Ruth. F. Theological Seminary. " Woodsmall, have recently visited J a~ "1•••ln. Ihe Bible," by AMOS It WELLS, Honorary Editor of the "Christian Endeavor World. pan as members of a commission on Christian Education, similar to the And More Ih.n Fody Other InlPlrlns, Felth·llrenllh.nIIlS M……. one that went to India last year. The American and British members col- A Speci.1 Combin.tion Offer laborated with a group of Christian Japanese educators. THE BIBLE TODAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1.00 } Both SUS THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD …….. : …………….. 2.50 Save 75c (Continued on 8rd CO'IJe'l') Addra. yo., Old… 10 ellher ollce "

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Chat THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

The January REVIEW re- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor ceived a warm welcome in all quarters. Its contents and ap- Vol. LV February, 1932 No.2 pearance were highly com- FRONTISPIECE-Map of Arabia…….••..•••…..•..•.•..••.. mended and have already won new friends. Talk it up in your Page church and society. The fol- TOPICS OF THE TIMES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . 67 lowing are interesting comments: Students and Missions at Buffalo Power and Co-operation in "I am delighted with the J an- Progress in Persia Home Missions uary REVIEW. We will do the China's Progress Under Difficulty Student Reactions to the Vol- best we can for your fine maga- unteer Convention zine." Lucy W. Peabody.

"Let me congratulate you on LOVE-THE WAY OF VICTORY IN CHINA… . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 the new January REVIEW. It An Address at the Student Volunteer Convention at Buffalo by is excellent in every way. I Dr. Walter H. Judd think the contents make it one of the best you have issued." DO MEN REALLY NEED CHRIST? . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 By the Rev. Cleland B. McAfee, D.D., Secretary of the Board of Foreign John McDowell. Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

"Your January issue makes a DOCTORING PAGANS OF THE SUDAN. . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . 81 splendid appearance. I think By Kenneth G. Fraser, F.R.G.S. the matter is fine and well balanced." Paul deSchweinitz. MODERN MIRACLES AT MOGA …………………………. 83 By Irene Mason Harper, a missionary at the Moga School "The format of the January REVIEW is certainly a great WINNING STUDENTS IN MISSION SCHOOLS. . . . . . • . • . • . • . . . •. 88 improvement and ought to be By the Rev. J. H. Linton, Missionary Bishop of the Church of England very acceptable." ARE MISSION BOARDS WORTH WHILE? . • . . . . . • • . . . • • . . . . • • 91 Jay S. Stowell. By Dr. ArthlH' J. Brown, Secretary Emeritus of the Board of Foreign "I very much like the new Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. form of the REVIEW. We sorely need such a magazine as A FORWARD MOVEMENT IN CHINA ..••.••••.••••…•..•.••. 95 this has proved to be." By the Rev. Robert Hall Glover, M.D., Home Director of the China Inland Mission in North America Katherine A. Silverthorne. PROBLEM OF CHRISTIAN COLLEGES IN INDIA………….. 98 WHAT DO YOU THINK? A recent book review by Ralph B. Nesbitt Do not fail to read the story THE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN ITALy ……..••.•………•. 161 of the Student Volunteer Convention at Buffalo. That gath- By the Rev. W. H. Rainey, F.R.G.S.. Secretary for Western Europe and ering of bright, eager youth had North Africa of the British and Foreign Bible Society much of the old thrill and was tremendously encouraging. WHY IS ARABIA STILL NEGLECTED?…… .. .. .. .. .. .. .. …. 105 Read also–if you miss all By the Rev. Samuel M. Zw~mer, D.D., Professor of the History of else-the stirring story of what Religion and Christian Missions, Princeton Dr. Walter Judd discovered in his medical adventures among EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING ……………………….. 107 bandits and Christians in China. Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison CAN YOU BEAT IT? WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN …………••..• 111 Edited by Helen M. Brickman and florence G. Tyler OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ………………………….. 115 A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events We have many stirring pa- OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF………………………… 127 pers in this number. Do you Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information agree? There are many more to follow-by Prof. Jabavu of Publication Office 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana South Africa; Prof. Oscar M. Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Buck of Drew University; Dr. T. Z. Koo of China; Dr. Robert Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Harrisburg, P&., under Act of March E. Speer; Dr. William R. King 3,1879. on "What Progress in Home Missions"; Dr. John McDowell Application has been made to transfer to Indianapolis, Ind. on "The New Dynamic," Sam 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year Higginbottom of India – and others. Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by the Will You Help to Boost the MISSIONARY REVIEW PUllLISHING CO., INC. REVIEW Circulation? Board of Directors ROBERT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL McCREA CAVERT . WM. I. ,CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer WM. B. LIPPHARD DELAVAN L. PmRSON, Secretary ERIc M. NORTH SAMUEL M. ZWEMER

TWENTY-FIVE HUNDRED STUDENT DELEGATES AT A PLATFORM MEETING IN

WHERE DR. JUDD MET THE BANDITS ON THE MIN RIVER A WARD IN DR. JUDD'S HOSPITAL AT SHAOWU REPRESENTATIVES FROM CHINA AT THE QUADRENNIAL CONVENTION OF THE STUDENT VOLUNTEER MOVEMENT. LEFT TO RIGHT. Y . E. HSIAO. SECRETARY OF THE CHINESE CHRISTIAN STUDENT ASSOCIATION; DR. T . Z. KOO.

VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE WORLD'S CHRISTIAN STUDENT FEDERATION ; MISS BOO-YU-YANG. MISS MING-SIN TANG. MISS CHI-YI CHEN; DR. WALTER H. JUDD. MEDICAL MISSIONARY TO CHINA. (SEE ARTICLE ON PAGE 73.) VIVID REMINDERS OF THE RECENT STUDENT VOLUNTEER CONVENTION

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORW-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER Two FEBRUARY, 1932 T opies of the Times STUDENTS AND MISSIONS AT BUFFALO of the Moslem World, of India, and China, of Africa and Japan and Latin America for Christ A convention of over two thousand enthusias- and His saving Gospel. The spirit of prayer, of tic students representing five hundred educational heart-searching and of sacrifice was impressed on institutions'of the United States and Canada, is a all. Many students volunteered for service abroad thrilling sight. When we consider that these and as one result over 13,000 have actually gone young men and young women are earnest <?hris- out as missionaries to non-Christian people since tians the impression is deepened. Add to thIS the the movement was founded. The effect of these fact that the general dominating purpose of this Christian army of youth is not politics, athletics conventions was also felt in an increased missionor pleasure, but is to discover and put into prac- ary spirit in schools and colleges and in homes and tice the way to make Christ known to others and home churches. The Missionary Education Moveto make His principles dominant in every realm ment and the Laymen's Missionary Movement grew out of them.

of life-then this impression becomes an inspira- Then came the war with its devastating effect tion. and its new challenge to Christianity. The con- The Buffalo Student Volunteer Convention (De- vention at Des Moines in 1918 was a revolt against the old leadership. The five thousand students cember 30 to January 3) was not exclusively a for- who gathered there were not dominated by any eign missionary convention. The watchword of great missionary purpose. Many were ~ot even the movement-"The Evangelization of the World professing Christians. They were more mterestin This Generation"-was conspicuous by its ab- ed in race relations, economic improvement 3;nd sence. But it was a distinctly and thoroughly international peace than in world evangelization Christian convention and its motto: "The Living as such. They demanded student representation Christ in the World of Today" was fulfilled in in the councils and as a result the movement was every feature of the four-day program. reorganized under student control. The I~dian­ apolis Convention, four years later, was bUIlt ?P This twelfth convention was carefully planned on these lines with student directed forums to dISand organized, as usual, but in many respects it cuss the relation of Christ to world problems. was in marked contrast. to some that have pre- No doubt the students were somewhat extreme ceded it. In the first seven Student Volunteer and uninformed but they were thinking and conventions preceding the World War many of the delegates were volunteers for missionary service abroad and most of those who attended were mis- wished to see Christian principles applied to every sionary-minded. They had been prepared through sphere of life-on the campus and in the world at Volunteer Bands and study circles in their colleges large. The Detroit Convention was a step in adto hear direct appeals for missionary service. The vance with much the same spirit and program, addresses were powerful, informational and inspir- but ~ore intelligent, sane and constructive. ational appeals to evangelize the great non-Ch~istian peoples of other lands. It was an educatIOn The recent Buffalo Convention was a further to attend such a convention, with addresses by step forward. The more than two thousand stu- dents were predominantly earnest, intelligent and such older men as Hudson Taylor, Jacob Cham- Christian in character and purpose. In order to berlain, Bishop Thoburn, Horace G. Underwood, attend many students made great sacrifices, with and the then younger leaders John R. Mott, Robert drastic economies in food and carfare.

E. Speer, Samuel M. Zwemer and others. There The convention hall was a barnlike structure were masterly presentations of the supreme need but was made a sanctuary by the Spirit of Christ.

[67]

While there was a notable absence of missionary of Smith College aroused student enthusiasm and banners and slogans and of a map of the world, resulted in an almost unanimous vote for speedy such as were prominent at the early conventions, and drastic government action in favor of dis- the prevailing spirit and theme were represented armament and asking that President Hoover ap- by a simple gilded cross that hung at the center point a student from the United States on the back of the stage. The need of the non-Christian Geneva commission.

world for Christ and His saving Gospel was less With the atmosphere and the decks thus cleared stressed than was the need for the experience the students were more ready to devote their atand expression of the Cross in personal life and tention to the program and progress of missions in all human relationships. This aim was effec- among non-Christian peoples. These were detively emphasized but would have been more dis- scribed by Dr. John R. Mackay of Latin America, tinctly missionary if there had been a more ade- Dr. Paul W. Harrison of Arabia, the Rev. Wm. quate presentation of the needs of the non-Chris- Miller of Persia and Prof. Jabavu, who came 10,- tian peoples and the progress of Christ's program 000 miles to attend the convention. The present throughout the world. needs of the missionary movement were presented Enlisting the Student Mind in a masterly way by Dr. John R. Mott, Dr. James Endicott of Canada and by Dr. Robert E. Speer, Some special features of earlier conventions who gave a stirring address on the convention were lacking or altered at Buffalo. In place of a theme. The real climax was- in the soul-stirring missionary educational exhibit inspiring to World message by Dr. Walter H. Judd who graphically Service, the bookstall at Buffalo was chiefly com- described thrilling experiences in bandit-infested mercial and some books on sale were not even districts of China and who testified to the effec- Christian. The music was not made as vital and tiveness of love as God's way to win men to Himeffective a part of the program as in the days of self. The life aims of many students were the male quartette, though the Westminster changed by that powerful challenge. (This ad- Chorus from Ithaca College rendered beautiful dress will be found in the present number of THE and often inspiring selections. A missionary play, REVIEW.) "Ba Thane," was artistically given to show some The outstanding impressions of this convention of the hardships and disappointments of mission- were, first, the fine Christian character and spirit ary life in Burma. It might have been supple- of the students and, second, the evident earnest- mented to advantage by some scene showing as ness of their purpose to put into operation the vividly the joys that come from triumphant part- teachings and program of Christ in every sphere nership with God in His work. The spectacular and relationship of life. No one could fail to be pageant, depicting the horrors of war and eco- struck by the vast gulf that separated the boister- nomic injustice, appealed to some but the impres- ous and sometimes bibulous merrimakers at the sion made seemed scarcely to warrant the lavish hotel on New Year's Eve and the joyous but seri- expenditure of time, money and effort. ous crowd of Student Volunteers that thronged Twenty-eight round table conferences divided the ballroom of the Statler Hotel for their Watch- the students into groups to discuss topics ranging night Service of praise, prayer and silent conse- all the way from "Social Engineering" to "The cration. The students attended general meetings Gospel which Commands Us." These conferences and conferences with great faithfulness, unde- were under able leadership and were a great im- terred by blizzard weather or blazing theatrical provement over the old forums or discussion signs. Many have returned to their colleges and groups which gave students an opportunity for seminaries determined to awaken greater interest self-expression but usually reached no definite among fellow students in the program of Jesus conclusions. Christ. Is it too much to hope that they will also The program of platform addresses was fortu- be led to form again bands of Student Volunteers nately progressive. After an earnest opening ser- and mission study groups so that they may be- mon by Dr. Ernest F. Tuttle on "God and Man," come as well informed on the work of Jesus Christ the early addresses gave rather depressing pic- and the affairs of the Kingdom of God as they are tures of "The Present World Situation"-as de- on international politics and economic and social scribed by Mr. Kirby Page and Dr. T. Z. Koo- problems? We look forward to the New Year without presenting the remedy. The very able with renewed hope and courage as we consider critical analysis of the missionary enterprise by the consecrated youth who are ready to follow Dr. Oscar M. Buck of Drew University and the and proclaim the way of the Cross, and as we picture of conditions in South Africa by Prof. D. realize the Power of God that is available to trans- D. T. Jabavu were challenging. The a,ppeal for form present ignorance, weakness, selfishness and international disarmament by Prof. Ralph Harlow corruption into Christlike wisdom, power, self-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

sacrifice and purity. May God hasten the day CHINA'S PROGRESS UNDER DIFFICULTY when thousands of the finest of the youth of China's relations with her island neighbor have America will again respond to the call of Christ engrossed universal attention since last Septemto be His ambassadors to their fellow men and ber. The effect of the strained relations with women of every race and nation and when all Japan-often very tense in the past, but now Christians will be intelligent and effective part- strained beyond any previous experience-is twoners with God in the work of transforming every fold, one for evil and one for good. The fear and human enterprise and relationship through the hatred felt in China, especially since 1915, in relapower of the Holy Spirit. tion to Japan, smouldering at times, eruptive at times, have been intensified to the utmost by re- PROGRESS IN PERSIA cent events. These sentiments have found violent expression among China's students, who have come The changes that have taken place in ancient to a realization of their power since 1919, but they Persia are astounding. Many old things passed too often exaggerate. that power and distort the away with the expulsion of the old Shah and life nature of the responsibility which it imposes, thus has taken on a new significance, with new outlook inflicting wounds instead of welfare, and violently and opportunities. Not only has there been ma- pressing mad counsels upon their more experi- terial progress, with the building of roads and the enced rulers. Another evil effect is the very real increase of automobiles and airplane traffic, but threat to world peace through a sympathetic in- enlightenment and greater freedom have come to volvement of other nations in what has been a women and in politics, education and religion. real war in Manchuria though without formal About four years ago the Persian Government declaration.

issued an edict banning the teaching of the Chris- The indirect good effects of China's evil plight, tian religion or the observance of the Christian may, in God's overruling Providence, eventually religion in mission schools and colleges. The prove greater than the evil, whatever may be done, American Presbyterian and the Church of Eng- or left undone, by the sorely harried League of land missions prepared to close their educational Nations. In the midst of the general bitterness work rather than comply. The Ministry of Edu- there has bloomed the beautiful blossom of a long- cation saw new light and forbore to enforce the retarded bud of international Christian love.

edict. Twelve years ago any suggestion in China, even in A recent letter from Persia reports that the Christian gatherings, that any love was due to Government has been endeavoring to regulate the any of the hated nation, was scouted with intense mission schools-not only in the secular subjects reprobation. The Chinese Church refused to send but in religious matters, insisting that the Koran delegates to the World's Sunday School Conven- and related subjects shall be taught in all schools. tion because it was held in Tokio. Last year an This is a step further than that taken by Japan extensive Good-will Tour of Japan was conducted and China. The missionaries in Persia have been by Chinese Christian students who were warmly praying unceasingly that the Ministry of Educa- welcomed in that country; and even at the Man- tion might experience a change of mind and ap- churian crisis in September Chinese and Japan- pealed to the Government against the enforcement ese delegates consented to sit together in Shanghai of this edict. Now our correspondent writes: at the Institute of Pacific Relations. Letters of "Thank God, yesterday we were given the news cordial brotherhood have also passed back and that Christian schools might carryon as before. forth between the National Christian Councils of lt is great to be backed up by prayer in this way. China and Japan, calling for earnest prayer that The thing that grips me is not SO much the result peaceful means of settling all controversy might of prayer in a special crisis but that the ordinary be found. Patriotic visitors from Japan apolo- daily prayer life makes it possible to meet every gized for their own country's method of settling difficulty and makes our work effective." her disputes.

The results of missionary work is not only evi- Again, with an outcome which only the future dent today in Persia in the number of Moslem stu- can reveal, China's accumulation of distresses dents seeking admission to Christian schools but has brought about a cessation of civil strife be- in the remarkable influence of Christian truth on tween Nanking and Canton and plans have been the characters and lives of students and their par- formed for the unification of the country under a ents. There is a real spiritual awakening in Per- coalition government with a smaller military ele- sia today and a readiness on the part of Moslems ment than in th'e past, though with professedly in- to openly confess Christ, in spite of opposition creased inclination to radical policies. The sep- and persecution. This is the time to pray for arate Cantonese Government has been discon- Persia. tinued. Strangely enough, among the first acts

of the new central government was the rescinding of the missionary, the greatest fact of all is that of the proclaimed abolition of all extraterritorial privileges from January 1, 1932. This is the op- the preaching of the Gospel goes on with increasposite of radicalism. Vigorous restraint has also been brought to bear upon the lawlessly radical ing vigor and with results hardly equalled in the students, and has ended their suicidally foolish past and scarcely to be expected in the confused demonstrations. present. COURTNEY H. FENN. The afflictions of civil warfare, flood and other evils which have brought the Chinese to the verge POWER AND CO-OPERATION IN HOME of despair have awakened many of the leaders to MISSIONS a keener realization of the fact that the impotence of her 400,000,000 people to ef£e.ctively oppose a For the first time the Home Missions Council neighbor with one-fourth her number, is due al- and the Women's Council for Home Missions met most entirely, not to the often proclaimed fact in Canada and in its great center of religious acthat "China is a peace-loving nation," but to the tivity, Toronto, January 4-6. Canadian represenlack of leaders who have been ready to subordi- tatives on these councils have sometimes felt that nate personal ambitions to the welfare of the na- the attention given to home missions in the United tion. The great peril of the present national States caused the great problems of Canada to be awakening is the temptation to attribute the chief overlooked. This year there was opportunity to causes of her weakness to the failure to develop a view the important and far-flung work of the military and naval power equal to that of her Canadian churches in the vast area from Labraneighbor. Any final failure of the League of dor to British Columbia and from the United Nations to uphold the various policies, treaties, States border to the Yukon. and compacts for which the League stands, will render certain this most unfortunate misinterpre- The value of the Home Missions Congress, held tation and will lead to an increased devotion of in Washington in December a year ago, was recnational resources to the equipment of her supe- ognized and the studies and findings of that rior numbers with an invincible armament. memorable assembly have been accepted as stand- ards of measurement for the enterprise in the The extraordinary international situation has varied fields there considered. In order that the so overshadowed everything purely domestic as to message of the Congress might be carried to the relegate even China's unparalleled floods to the churches and people in all parts of the country background. Yet nothing has more clearly dem- to arouse them to a sense of the magnitude, imporonstrated China's real progress than the manner tance, and urgency of home mission work, continin which she has accepted this awful calamity as uation conferences were held in various cities and Heaven's punishment for the sins of the people are to be continued through the present year. and their rulers, and has shouldered the chief responsibility for relief and rehabilitation. Though Two outstanding notes of these gatherings were in her wretchedness she has cried for help to bear the emphases on the spiritual dynamic and cothe burden which is too great for her, yet 80 per operation. The opening address of the President, cent of the relief thus far provided has come from Dr. John McDowell, gave the keynote to the first Chinese at home or abroad, and China refuses to of these calls. The vastness of the task, the combe overwhelmed by the appalling disaster. The plexity of the problems faced, and the sense of national relief organization follows the receding human limitation, driven home upon every agency waters, erecting stronger and higher dykes and in this period of financial stringency and of inother conservancy works; the poor people who creasing materialistic pressure, called forth rehave lost all are beginning again with a cheerful peated expressions of the need of stressing the courage. Road-making, street-widening, city-mod- spiritual aspects of home missions and of humble ernizing are going on apace in spite of floods and reliance upon the divine resources. bandits, poverty and war; Christian schools are full to overflowing and with few exceptions are Each year the necessity for cooperation in home preserving their Christian character. The cure mission work has been recognized, but the report of illiteracy through the popular education move- of Dr. William R. King, the general secretary of ment has made great progress; agricultural train- the Home Missions Council, was a revelation of ing and rural reconstruction are taking a strong how closely related the various boards and agenhold on the minds of leaders; industrial develop- cies are in their studies, plans, and service. In ment and regulation occupy a prominent position addition to the joint committees of the Home Misin the program of the central government and of sions Council and the Women's Council for Home great municipalities. And from the point of view Missions on Indians, Negroes, New Americans, etc., there are various enterprises, such as the work at Boulder City and Havana, which are con- ducted under the supervision of the Council.

An important field for cooperative service is

work for the Jews. It was the unanimous view council in the Canadian Government, declared of the Council that in this particular field coopera- that the greatest need of our times is the christion is necessary if any adequate service is to be tianizing of our ecclesiastical relations, of our sorendered. The Administrative Committee was in- cial relations, and of our international relations. structed to take the necessary steps to set up a "Racial prejudice," he said, "is in us all; yet it is department on the "Christian Approach to the as anti-Christian as anything can be. We have Jews" for educational or other service in which not accepted as truth the declaration that 'God the boards might desire to cooperate. hath made of one blood all the nations of men', but this is as true as that no individual can live The principle accepted in the matter of comity, today for himself alone." which promises to prevent overlapping in small communities, is "that the Home Mission funds The Home Missions Council re-elected Dr. John ought not to be used for the support of enterprises McDowell as president, Dr. William R. King as which compete with other evangelical denomina- executive secretary, and Rev. J. R. Hargreaves as tions." field secretary. The Women's Council elected as executive secretary Miss Anne Seesholtz. The popular meeting, in connection with the banquet, marked the peak of vision and inspira- The annual meeting, in spite of the economic tion. Bishop Francis J. McConnell sounded a depression which has been so trying to the soul call for consecrated personality in Home Missions of board administrators as well as to the faith and Miss Mabel Cartwright, LL.D., president of and endurance of loyal missionaries on the field, the Women's Auxiliary of the Church of England was marked by the spirit of hope and was forin Canada, issued a challenge to greater courage ward-looking in its plans for the future. It is in her spiritually-appealing and thought-provok- proposed to mark the close of the Five-Year Proing address on "The Call to Adventure in Home gram by another National Congress in January, Mission Work." The Honorable N. W. Rowell, 1934, to review the results of the five-year study King's Councilor, vice-president of the Institute and to consider advance steps for the future. on Pacific Relations, former president of the J. S. CONNING.

STUDENT REACTIONS TO THE VOLUNTEER CONVENTION From a Daughter of India long to. the same town or country, or speak the same language as we. The horizon of our respon- The main impression made by a large conven- sibility is widened out till it reaches to the farthtion of Christian men and women who have come est ends of the earth. to receive new inspiration and to take up the challenge of a world mission is that one finds God in a No one could come away from the convention truer, fuller way, and one recognizes more clearly without realizing that missions have accomplished our responsibility to seek and to find our fellow- great things of real value which other agencies men. This was clearly the great keynote of the have not been able to accomplish. Evangelistic, convention. educational and medical missions have helped to remove many of the outstanding evils of the world It was a great inspiration to watch the youth and have founded many young churches in all of North America so deeply enthusiastic about countries where Christianity was once unknown. bringing the message of Christ to the world. The respect for human personality which Christ Christ is the only solution for all our political and taught has gone far into the hearts of men where social problems, and the missionary movement is human beings were formerly considered to be of therefore one of the most important and greatly little value. needed movements in the world today. This convention clearly opened up a world It was very encouraging to be in close contact vision and the need for Christian missions in a with men and women who are interested in the perplexing situation. same cause in this age of skepticism and doubt. If religion is caught and is not taught, what a con- "I have not been interested in missions," said tribution this convention makes to the American an American college graduate to me, "but this youth! The representatives from other countries convention has shown me what missions mean to received inspiration from meeting those who the world." have a common aim and have devoted their lives to serving our Master. "It has been a great inspiration to meet at this convention men and women who are consecrated At the convention we came to realize more fully to the service of God," said another lady.

the responsibility of each Christian for uplifting "How may I -get the same spirit and the same Christian enthusiasm that are found in our leadthe rest of humanity. We were clearly shown ers and speakers and how may I pass them on to others?" were questions expressed by many a that our "brothers" are not merely those who be-

student at the convention. This challenge may who shared with us their experiences of the past mean a great deal to the future of the world. We and their faith for the future. have seen the need for finding God in all His power and His love and finding our fellowmen. The Buffalo Convention brings before me a se- We feel the need for one hundred per cent Chris- ries of impressions vivid and varied, but all extian men and women who will bring the message pressing the fellowship of Christians aU over the of Christ to this needy world. The responsibility world. They include impressions of groups and of each Christian has been so clearly shown that of leaders, but most of all impressions of new one feels ready to take up the challenge. ideas. Some one has said, "Nothing hurts so much as the entrance of a new idea," but the stu- "He is counting on you; if you fail, what then?" dents at Buffalo received plenty of new ideas! MARIAM MATHEWS. The conference is over, but the impressions re- main. We wonder what will be the real results! Biblical Seminary, New York. MARGARET T. SCOTT. From a Chinese Delegate Smith College, Northampton.

When thousands of delegates from different parts of the world, moved by one religious faith, From a Yale Senior meet under one roof, we might feel that world fel- At the end of most student conventions the col- lowship is no longer merely an ideal but a fact. lege delegate is found wondering what definite After hearing addresses dealing with the analysis values, if any, he has derived from the meeting.

of our modern world we were convinced that the Not so at the close of the recent Student Volun- world is really full of disharmony and chaos. teer Convention.

Under such conditions we realized that the world The first conviction is that Christian missions needs our united effort to bring about the real today are exerting a definite influence for good world fellowship. in all parts of the world. Evidence is not lacking.

The influence of the convention on the outgoing To learn from men just back from the field that missionaries was to give a .lot of information to conversions are made by Christian example rather those who were not familiar with the mission than by argument; to hear that the finances of field, but those who are familiar with the situa- medical clinics, such as that conducted by Dr. Wal- tion felt that the convention failed to give any ter Judd at Shaowu, in one of the most disturbed definite Christian program to reconstruct the areas of China, are handled by the Chinese them- world. C. C. LIANG. selves, and the hospital is actually operating with . Hartford SemirurLry and Yenching University. a bank balance of some six thousand dollars; to From a Senior at Smith understand that Christian missionaries are work- Two great central features of the Student Vol- ing to bring the people whom they today are helpunteer Convention at Buffalo were the large auditorium meetings, where we got a sense that we ing to the place where they will be able to help were in a great movement that really stretched around the world, and the smaller Round Table themselves-all this makes any thoughtful person groups where we could discuss to our hearts' content what we had heard in the larger meetings. desire to support these missionaries in what they There were some tremendously powerful things are doing to make a better world. said at the conference by missionaries and national leaders from around the world. Many of The Buffalo Convention impressed on aU presthese made a deep and lasting impression. Every meeting seemed to be a climax, but the climax of ent the fact a reduction of armaments alone canclimaxes for me was the evening when Dr. Walter Judd spoke on "The Way of Love in China" and not secure world peace over a period of years. gave a message that swept that crowd of students off its feet. At a committee meeting which fol- This will come only through the realization that lowed that session we just had to give up and go home. You cannot get your feet on the ground a nation's problems are the world's problemswhen you have been hit by the impelling force of a powerful ideal that sweeps you miles out into and that we in America are not only United States the beyond. New lines of vision had been opened up to us and we seemed to be such infinitesimal citizens but world citizens. The day when man parts of God's world that we felt a jolt every time we realized the potential horizons of action before will be living in such a utopia seems to be far off, us. We can never be too grateful to the leaders but this is no reason to be downcast, as was point- ed out by Professor J abavu, a South African na- tive. One should go about smiling with the faith that no matter what condition world affairs may be in, God is definitely at work in His world.

Behind every activity at the convention-in the "round table" discussions, in the platform speech- es, and particularly in Dr. T. Z. Koo's final ad- dress on "The Cross," was expressed the crying need for God-centered men in every walk of life today. HAZARD GILLESPIE.

Yale University.

Love-The Way of Victory In China*

..:( By WALTER H. JUDD, M. D. ):..

American Board Mission, Shaowu, Fukien, China W HY are we so careless about the invest- the most remarkable women I ever saw. She can ment of the only life we have? We spend do more good and· with greater graciousness and much time in planning what we will do with less effort than any person I have ever seen. with a summer vacation or some other little epi- She has had thirteen children, of whom twelve sode, but when it comes to deciding what we are are living. She had trachoma for two years and going to do with the only life we have, we just I had to operate on the lids twice. Not one of her hope that something will turn up to decide it for children ever had trachoma-she is that clean.

us. I am interested in my life, She is the best midwife in the as you are interested in yours. hospital and does most of the I don't want to throw it away The most stirring address work throughout the c h u r c h on a hopeless enterprise. I district. want to make it count for some- given at the recent Student thing. Mrs. Chao is also very artis- Volunteer Convention was by tic. She draws and paints, and When I went to China six almost every evening, as we sat years ago I had reasons strong this young medical missionary there, while I studied Chinese enough to cause me to pull up who has spent six years in with the younger boys, she was my roots here and try to trans- doing fancy work. One eveplant them over there. They China. His hospital was loot- ning I counted sixty-six pieces were arm chair convictions, if ed by bandits many times; he of cloth on which she was you like; but there is another drawing designs so that .some way of forming convictions- was once stood up to be Shot mother could embroider it, for and was twice in the hands of bandits. What he learned of the Chinese and the way to by flinging one's faith down in win them for Christ is here a cap or bib, hoping that Mrs. the heat of battle and seeing told with compelling power. Chao having done it, her child what comes out-the scientific It is the experience of a young will be strong and healthy. follower of Christ who has method, we might call it. Some This wonderful woman loves of the convictions I had before not feared to face death for the whole district, and goes out I went to China were strength- the sake of his Master and to do evangelistic work among ened beyond belief, and some those for whom the Master the people, everything fro m did not hold. To others I was died. how to bathe the baby to how driven by the sheer exigencies to read the Bible.

of the difficult situation. I Two years and a half ago, would like to share with you some of those convic- when I had been living in the hospital on the same tions. I can report to you that they hold! food as the patients and the nurses, Mrs. Chao 1. The first conviction is that all people around said to me, "Doctor Judd, you are getting thin."

the world are essentially the same. I have lived "No," I said, "I was always like this."

for two years in a Chinese home, most of that time "But you are getting thinner. You aren't get- the only man who spoke English in that part of ting good enough food. You ought to have somethe country, about twelve days' journey from any other American. In that home were twelve chil- body to look after you." dren. I understand the members of that family Then this woman with twelve children took me better than I understand some of the members of my own family from whom I have been separated on as the thirteenth. If you knew her you never for six years. again would say, "What difference does it make to us what happens to China." Mrs. Chao, the mother of this family, is one of When I went· into Chinese homes the young- sters, as soon as they saw that I wouldn't bite • This is an address given at the recent Student Volunteer Conven- them, would edge up to me, and want to feel my tion in Buffalo. Dr. Judd was for six years medical missionary in one white skin, particularly the hair on my wrist. of the most disturbed areas of China. He was traveling secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement in 1924 and 1925.-Edita.-.

[73]

They thought: Foreigners have hair on their erty. We assume such changes are possible, inwrists just like animals. evitable. We in the West have learned to change because of the stimulation of one nation by an- Yes, there are differences of color in human other near at hand. China was surrounded by beings, and differences of language and custom; natural barriers which prevented such stimulation but the loves and the hates, the passions and de- from neighboring nations. sires, the capacity for sorrow and joy are the same. This may seem trite but if we believed it China is bounded on the Southwest by the Himwe would act differently. alaya Mountains, on the Northwest by the Gobi Desert, on the East and South by the sea. As a Isolation Is Abolished result, she built this self-contained, stagnant, un- changing nation. An occasional Marco Polo, or 2. Secondly, in a world in which the people are Jesuit priest, or other individual came through essentially the same, we must all stand or fall to- and there was a certain amount of foreign trade. gether. That is my second conviction. Interesting individuals from abroad caused a lot of comment in the Imperial Courts, but there was America, my own beloved country, cannot keep no impact of one civilization over on another. It her material wealth, her standard of living, to say was as though a man landed on this planet from nothing of her soul, while the rest of the world Mars. We would be interested in him and would lies prostrate. She can't do it. I don't hesitate to have big headlines about it in the newspapers, be dogmatic about it. but he wouldn't make any difference in our daily living. We have a peace problem. It takes two nations to make a war and it takes two to make a treaty. But suppose that day after tomorrow Mars No treaty of peace will ever be more than a scrap bumped up against the Earth and sent men and of paper unless both nations enter into it with machinery and implements of war to our planet good faith. that were far more advanced than ours? Suppose that in everything we tried to compete with them It takes two races to make a race problem. we always came off second best? That is precisely And it is not enough to change the attitude of what has happened to China. one race in order to solve that problem. The Chinese civilization is built around the The economic depression is occupying our ho- blood unit, the family. Ours is built around the rizon today. How are we going to get our fac- political unit, the State. In China, as long as a tories running again? man maintained peace and paid his taxes there was no interference by the government. His fam- As long as there is a man in America who does ily and his clan ran itself quite adequately for a piece of work in a factory at seven dollars a four thousand years. We have no conception of day, while in China a man is turning out the same the terrific momentum of that thing, and then, product for ten cents a day, we cannot jack the suddenly they were called upon to change and tariff wall up high enough to overcome that in- modernize their manner of life and their philosoequality. American labor cannot maintain the phy. Inevitably great difficulties arose. standard of living to which it is accustomed and meet that competition. If the standard of living Let me give a concrete illustration of how this in China doesn't come up somewhere near ours, old, unchanging world of China was suddenly then ours must go down nearer to theirs. We called upon to modernize her worn out, inadequate can't live by ourselves alone. civilization. For centuries China did not feel the need of transportation facilities because every dis- Unless we remember certain basic principles trict was self-contained. Now there is not enough we can't make sense out of some things that hap- food in a district to supply the need. A man can't pen in China. We are apt to assume that the Chinese will do in a certain situation what we would a carry more than about one hundred and thirty do, and he probably will not. pounds of rice day, and since he must eat, by the If you will keep one or two facts in the back time he reaches a distant famine stricken region of your mind, they will help you to understand he ha1? eaten up all his own rice. You can't solve the difficulty in China. the problem that way.

The first is that China built and maintained for They do not build railways because it takes over four thousand years a civilization on the as- capital and you can't save much money out of sumption of an unchanging world. It never had from thirty-five to sixty dollars income a year. changed, and she supposed it never would change. Foreigners must have high rates of interest if Our western civilization is based on the assump- they loan capital because the risk is so great and tion of the inevitability of a changing world. We they insist upon having an army in China to protalk in religion about the Kingdom of Heaven on tect their interests. So China does not want forearth; in politics about the United States of the World; in economics about the abolition of pov-

LOVE-THE WAY OF VICTORY IN CHINA

eign built railroads and can't transport rice to hope for China except in producing the right kind famine districts. of men and women. In a Chinese classic, I came across this word, written hundreds of years ago The language is also difficult. In my province by one of the old scholars: there are over two hundred dialects. Every forty or fifty miles you go, you find that they speak an If you are going to plant for one year, sow grain; if entirely different dialect. There is also the lack you are going to plant for ten years, put in trees; if you of a national press. In America, in twenty-four are going to plant for one hundred years, grow men. hours after an event happens three-fourths of our people are aware of it. In China it is weeks be- That presents the whole genius of the missionfore many people hear. Not more than ten or ary enterprise. There is no system of mass profifteen per cent can read and write. We don't duction of character. We must help China derealize what a unifying and educating influence velop men of character. our press exerts. Sun Yat Sen was only one man, but for forty There are many different opinions in China. It years he never swerved a hair's breadth from one is confusing. Some believe in competition; others idea and devotion. He changed the whole face of desire Communism. Another group says that it is China. He was a man of absolute integrity. Milthe machine that makes the Western civilization lions of dollars went through his hands, and not a great. While another group says that machines penny stuck. We must not be discouraged if we put millions out of employment. This group says can produce even one man of Christ-like character. we need dictatorship in our government, and an- There is no hope except in men of the right type. other group says democracy; this group says the I believed that before. I am dead sure of it now. way is force; we must have a great army and navy. Others say we need economic power. An- The Way of Love Works other group says that force is always a sign of defeat; the way is love and good will. 4. The next conviction that I want to share with you is that the way of love works. I be- With all these confusing, conflicting ideas is it lieved it was true before I went to China, but I a wonder there is difficulty in China today? But was afraid it might not stand the test. difficult as it is, the problem of China must be solved. Our nation herself cannot live without My hospital in Shaowu has been taken over China. seven times by hostile groups in the last five years. Every time we were practically cleaned The Great Need Is Men out, except the drug room. Thank heaven the drugs come in the foreign bottle with the foreign 3. My third great conviction is that there is no names and they were ,afraid to monkey with them solution to any of these problems, at home or because they heard that some contained poison. abroad, except in producing the right sort of men. That enabled me to carryon. I believe in treaties and disarmament and institutions, but I sometimes wonder if we don't let our- There were many Chinese with sore toes and selves believe too much in anything that is signed blisters, and stomach ache, or cough, and fevers by men who are less than trustworthy men of who had to forego their pride for a moment and good will. come to the foreign doctor. They are prejudiced against us until they know us, just as we are prej- We have a maxim in medicine that you must not udiced against them-until we know them. That give a hypodermic of morphine to a patient until is natural. We all do it. I don't like it, but I can't you have made a diagnosis, because the morphine get excited about it. gives you a false sense of security and you can't make a correct diagnosis. If we have disarma- They are prejudicial and misjudge us. They ment conferences with men of less than good will, say this man is a white man-off with his head. we must not take a hypodermic of morphine that Later they may discover that this particular forgives us a false sense of security. It will rob the eigner is more or less harmless, and some of the world of the one remedy that will save the world, more sensitive spirits are ashamed of th:;tt shabby and that is the religion of Christ. treatment of the early days.

I sometimes feel that we cannot depend on any- Three of many illustrations may show concretething done by men who are less than Christian ly that the "way of love" does work. men. I know China's faults, but someone must help China build internal restraint of character In 1927, when I had been in China only a short to take care of the old external restraints of social time, the Nationalist movement was advancing and family life, or China will go down. Many from the South, fed up with Russian propaganda. young Chinese, with the finest ideals, are trying Russia was trying to promote a world revolution to modernize this great nation, but there is no and the greatest obstacle was the British Govern- ment. If she could break Great Britain's hold in China, she could overthrow the government. She taught the Chinese to hate all Britishers.

When the Communist army entered Shaowu I knew he was a bandit and he knew that I somebody told them I was a Britisher. They knew he was a bandit, but we didn't say anybound me up to shoot me. I protested that I was thing about it. That man became my protector not a Britisher, but they didn't believe me. So and you ought to have heard him take my part. naturally they paid no attention to what I said. Here was a prize of $50,000, (they think we are I was talking full speed. It is amazing how well all rich; they made a mistake) and they didn't you can talk Chinese when you have to! I tried want to lose me. to delay the game long enough for my friends to gather around to take my part. I tried to get my The man protested for two hours and finally, passport, but they wouldn't let me loose to go prevailed. They put four men on the boat and sent word to the main body of bandits down beafter it. low not to shoot us when we went by. In about three minutes-I thought it was three Again I found that the way of love works. weeks-along came a farmer. I didn't recognize him then, but I found afterwards that I had once Three Months in Captivity operated on a boil on his neck. That apparently incurred the man's favor. He heard me protest- Another experience that proved this was when ing, "I am not an Englishman; I am an Ameri- I was in captivity last year, under the hands of can." He had never been ten miles away from the most cruel, vicious man I ever saw. Every home in his life and had no idea what an Ameri- country has good men and women and every councan was, but he knew I was trying to convince try has bad men and women. This was a terrible these people so he swore that I was an American. man. He was ignorant and uneducated; but a man who can hold out as the head of a band of He got down on his knees and hit his head on eight or nine thousand bandits has force of charthe rocks until the blood ran out. One man acter. grabbed him by the back of his coat and another pricked him with his bayonet. They hit him with He captured our city in 1930 and was there the butts of their guns. I thought they were go- for three months. As long as he was allowed to ing to kill him then and there. He delayed the get money from the taxes he would do it with the game long enough for others to come and take my pretense of legality. I attended to my business part. Finally the magistrate told them to let me and took care of them and didn't make any effort go and they apologized. to escape, so they left me alone.

One little touch of kindness, such as that farmer This bandit chief got a bad Gase of conjuctivitis. had experienced in the hospital, works wonders. He took Chinese medicine and got worse. Then he came to me, and I was able to clear it up. That About three years ago I was going down the put him under some obligation. river with another doctor who was very ill. He had to go down the river where he could get better When the fighting in the North was finished, care or he was sure to die. There was great risk and the National Army started to send good troops on the river from bandits. The second day out back to the South, we knew we were headed for we ran into the bandits-40 or 50 of them. I trouble. About that time I came down with the thought, "If they take me on the hill, it is all right. forty-sixth attack of malignant malaria. It was I am young and perhaps can talk them out of it, the worst. I couldn't develop resistance to it. One but if they take old Dr. Bliss, he will die in one attack came on when I was especially busy. After night from midwinter exposure." Luckily among a night of delirium, I was clear in the morning the bandits I saw a fellow I recognized as having and said to the little nurse, the daughter of Mrs. been in the hospital as a patient. Nobody likes to Chao, a graduate of a Methodist hospital in Pekbe known as a bandit and many of them will go ing, and the finest nurse I ever worked with, "I to the hospital some time during the year to get know how people feel who have been caught out cleaned up and be a good citizen for a while. This in the snowstorm and want to lie down and die." man had been a good friend of mine as far as I knew, when he was in the hospital. Now he began That little nurse came to me with the tears pourto edge off, for he was ashamed to let me see him ing down her face. She knew what we were up there. I walked up to him and said, "My, I am against, for she had seen people die of malignant glad I ran into you! The old doctor is very ill malaria. and must go down the river. I was nervous about things for I heard there were bandits and was I told her to go to her uncle, who runs a mediafraid we might run into some." cine shop and had been given some of our good quinine, and to get enough for injections to last "That is right," he said, "there are bandits down eight or nine days. If she could not get it there here. You ought not to go down the river." she was to send a telegram to the folks in Foo- chow, and to persuade the postal authorities to "Can't you do something to help m~?" I asked. allow some to be sent up by carrier, because the parcel post service had been suspended. That was

the last I knew for four days. She got the qui- a Christian ought to act, I am not afraid of the nine. For eleven days I wasn't able to swallow consequences.

a thing-that nurse had to give me nourishment 5. The way of love works, yes, but the way of by other means. love is the way of the Cross. It can't stop short of When I began to take a little nourishment a the cross. When you live alone for two years and Swiss Catholic priest was brought in. He lived get under your mosquito net at dark so you won't in a neighboring district and had become very ill. die of malaria, you have a lot of time to think.

There we were, two sick foreigners, twelve days' This idea haunts me in the middle of the night.

journey from the next white man! I had to do the It is fundamental. It is the whole foundation of best I could for him. But he had multiple abscess the program of Christ.

of the liver and was so far gone I was sure he Jesus preached as never man can preach, so we couldn't get well. I went to him day by day in a preach as best we can. He taught; so have we chair until I couldn't go any more. Then he died taught. He healed in ways we haven't been able and I came pretty near going with him. That to duplicate; so have we healed. He lived his win- little nurse never wavered. some life among the people. He loved them with When I began to pick up strength word came His glorious love. He shared his magnificent per- the soldiers were being sent down to take the dis- sonality with them. But all that was not enough.

trict and this bandit group would be cleaned up. We seem to assume that if we just keep on teach- They would take me and hold me for ransom, be- ing and healing and preaching long enough and cause they needed a doctor. Worse. than that, living and loving and sharing long enough, the they would take my little nurse who is the best Kingdom will come. We have been at it for 1900 trained and most attractive girl in the whole dis- years, and it hasn't come yet. I cannot avoid the trict. She would have a fate far worse than that haunting conviction that we will be at it for 19,000 of a concubine. years more on that basis. If Jesus Christ, my That was at Christmas time a year ago. This Lord and yours, with the winsomeness of the Son New Year's Eve I sat and watched a party of gay of God, was not able to break down the intractable Americans in a hotel, and I thought of the year human hearts by preaching and healing and lov- ago New Year's Eve. I thought, "Is it possible ing and sharing, then you will never be able and I that people are living here in this way, and at the will never be able to do it by that method.

same time, over in China, on the same earth, two I am dead sure now that there is no other way such utterly different situations can exist?" for the Kingdom of God to come, except the way The day before the last New Year a secretary of the Cross-the way of death.

from headquarters said: "Doctor, we are going Does that mean physical death? No. Don't be to leave and they are going to take you and the afraid of that. It will mean death for a handful, nurse, and will loot the city tonight." but that is relatively easy; I can bear testimony.

I knew what would happen to me in two days But the way of the Cross means that those of you of exposure in the middle of the winter. who may become rich will deliberately remain But at seven o'clock, last New Year's Eve, Lu poor for the sake of the Kingdom; those who can Ching Me, the leader himself, came into my dis- go out and write your names across the headlines pensary and said: "Dr. Judd, we are leaving to- of the country will deliberately choose to remain night, and I was going to take you along, but I am obscure for the sake of the Kingdom; that those not going to do it. You have taken care of us in who could surround themselves with luxuries will the hospital here, and I know you are not getting deliberately choose to work like servants for the any money out of it. I don't know why you do it. sake of the Kingdom. Christ told us about a man If you had to live the way we will live in the hills who had a lot of pearls, all fine pearls, but when in the middle of the winter, you wouldn't live long. he saw a pearl of great price, for joy he sold all Hence I am not going to take you. How much do his own pearls that he might get the Pearl of we owe the hospital?" That was the first time Great Price. He concentrated on the pearl of one of that type of person had ever offered to pay great price and forgot about the other pearls.

us anything. He paid the hospital $170 and went That is what the Cross is. "He who loses his life out and in the middle of the night, when the shops for my sake and the Gospel," said Jesus, "finds it."

were all closed so they couldn't loot and he could The way of the Cross works. But it is the way of control his own men, he left the city without tak- love that is the way of the Cross.

ing a man or a woman. The way of love works! 6. Finally, I bear my final testimony. When Don't misunderstand me. My religion is not I went to China, I had in my heart this pledge of just a charm to me to keep me safe. I may get Christ: .

picked off the second day I return to China, but I "Lo, I am with you always, even unto the end of will never have another worry, because if I act as the world."

That, too, is true. I was afraid that it might It is true. The way of love, the way of the not work, but it is true. Cross, works. I can't explain it. I can't explain Jesus Christ wants to give us abundant life, and how the food I eat is distributed. Some of it be- we insist on keeping less than abundant life. He comes brain, some blood, some bone. There is no wants to give us gold, and we cling to brass. He chemist in the world who knows all that in de- wants to give us heavenly visions, and we won't tail. If there were he would be the greatest chem- take our eyes off the muck heap. ist the world has ever known. But I haven't Morning after morning, during the hard days stopped eating just because I can't explain it all.

last year, when I was in captivity, and the Reds I cannot explain how the way· of the Cross and Communists were only about a half day's works. It is not in the realm of logical proof. journey distant, during the night nobody took off It is in the realm of demonstration, and it works. his clothes, as the Communists practically always move about at night. During those months, I As I was leaving China last spring, I waited and woke up every morning and prayed this simple waited, hoping somebody would come and take my prayer. It, too, works. I was supported by this place. When the malaria season began again, the prayer just as my bed supported my body. The first of May, I promised my board I would come sense of God's presence held me steady, gave me out, for I was sure it was the right thing to do. confidence and assurance. My people pled with me and said: "You have been so sick, you can't stay here. We know it is terrible. o Master, let me walk with Thee Some of our children will die, but you must go."

In lowly paths of service free; When I pulled out on the first day of May there Tell me Thy secret; help me bear were about four hundred people on the river The strain of toil, the fret of care. banks. I looked at the little youngsters, and thought some of them would die before I returned. You had to go, Christ. They came into your Some of them have died because I was not there. clinic and they touched the hem of your garment. But it seemed I must leave. After all, it was no Something happened to Christ. He will be with worse for them to lose their doctor on the first of me here today. Here is a tooth to pull; there a May by my leaving, than to lose him on the first baby with its abdomen full of worms.

Help me the slow .of heart to move of September by my death. I might be of some By some clear, winning word of love; use if I got over the malaria. .

The word of Thy love is all I have–just a touch. These four hundred friends came, many of them Teach me the wayward feet to stay traveling down through the bandits. Two of them And guide them in the homeward way, were killed and six were wounded in our party.

Help me to stay the wayward feet-including Others have died in the path of duty and love, and my own. here I am well. That ought to make a better man out of me. Teach me Thy patience- The way of love works, but it is the way of the o Christ, I want results. I demand results Cross. We just can't stop short of the Cross. But let no man hesitate. quickly. I want to see the thing done in a hurry. I am not lying to you, my friends. If I told you Teach me Thy patience; still with Thee something I didn't believe with all my heart, or In closer, dearer company; In work that keeps faith sweet and strong, Plain, good, hard work that gives an outlet to that I hadn't demonstrated to be true, I would my tension. be the most despicable cur. Lying! Before God, I am not lying. It works. The way of the Cross In trust that triumphs over wrong; holds. It is not loyalty to an abstract principle, but loyalty to a living Christ who walks with us. Yes, trust, confident, unswerving trust, that triumphs over all wrong.

In hope that sends a shining ray Lo, I am with you always, Far down the future's broadening way; Even unto the end of the world.

If it weren't for hope I would jump into the It is true. Do not be afraid. This is the best Yangtze. China has no hope, except in Christ. thing I know. Any human program is doomed to failure. The realization of hope may not come in my lifetime, Laid on Thy altar, 0 my Lord Divine, but it must come. Accept this gift today for Jesus' sake. I have no jewels to adorn my shrine, In peace that only Thou canst give, No far-famed sacrifice to make With Thee, 0 Master, let me live. But· here within this trembling hand I bring This will of mine, a thing that seemeth small, I cannot see tomorrow, but this day I can live But Thou alone, 0 Lord, doest understand; in peace for I can live with Thee. I yield you this, I yield mine all.

Men Really Need Christ?

By REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D. D., New York Author of "Changing Foreign Missions"; Secretary of the Board 11=·' of Foreign Missions, and/ormer Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T HE Christian missionary enterprise is essen- pathy for the world's s.orrow and unselfish search for the. tially a religious movement. Tremendous in social implications, its primary motive is not way of escape, which are at the heart of Buddhism; th~ social. Great in international significance, its essential ideal is not internationalism. Rich in in- desire for contact with Ultimate Reality conceived as spirtellectual and educational values, they are not its root values. It moves in the field of religion, both itual, which is prominent in Hinduism; the belief in a in motivation and objectives. moral order of the universe and consequent insistence· on This does not mean that it sets out to re-enforce existing religions, to revitalize and stimulate them, moral conduct, which are inculcated by Confucianism; the though naturally it welcomes all real worth in any religion. It has much in common with all relig- disinterested pursuit of truth and of human welfare which ions, counting them evidences of God's constant witness to Himself, but it does not hope for human are often found in those who stand for secular civilization redemption nor for individual power through but do not accept Christ as their Lord and Saviour. . them. An impressive section of the Message of the Here is no complacent acceptance. of all relig- ions as having equal value, yet it is difficult for Jerusalem Conference deals with just this subject. some earnest Christians to accept even this much Fear had .been expressed that the preparatory recognition of systems of which they have always effort to appraise the non-Christian faiths more thought adversely. fully and more favorably might nullify Christian missions. It would be difficult to find, even in their The preliminary question which now agitates own literature, better summaries of the inner many circles in all lands is whether religion in teachings and counsels of the ethnic faiths than any form is valid and essential, as the very existare given in the Report of that Jerusalem meeting. ence of the missionary enterprise demands. Sup- But the Report strikes no doubtful or hesitant porters of missions probably do not fall away benote regarding the uniqueness and necessity of the cause of the question, but it often diverts added Christian faith. Its note is the more definite be- supporters. cause it is sounded in full hearing of the notes of the ethnic religions. One striking passage is in A wrong answer here would undercut the whole the section which makes "the appeal to non- missionary movement. No effective "drive" can Christians" : carryon so difficult an enterprise without the re- ligious impulse, the only unselfish motive. Indeed, We rejoice to think that just because in Jesus Christ in the interweaving of world interests, it is inthe light that lighteneth every man shone forth in its full creasingly difficult to maintain this unselfish elesplendor, we find rays of that same light where He is un- ment. We hear missionary arguments based on known or even is rejected. We welcome every noble qual- the safety of the sending nations: the West must ity in non-Christian persons or systems as further proof that the Father, who sent His Son into the world, has Christianize the East or be itself submerged; the nowhere left Himself without witness. "Christian" nations must evangelize the other Thus, merely to give illustration, and making no attempt nations or find themselves outfought and outto estimate the spiritual value of other religions to their traded and outschemed. So the missionary moveadherents, we recognize as part of the one Truth that sense of the Majesty of God and the consequent reverence ment becomes a program of self-preservation. We in worship, which are conspicuous in Islam; the deep sym- discuss how the Church can save itself and find part of the answer in carrying on an aggressive missionary program.

This barely escapes the curse of using religion for selfish ends. So great an enterprise cannot be carried on by any such motives, for they are not really religious motives at all. There is no hope for the future except in the continuance and ex- [79]

tension of the purely religious impulse of bringing human race is one and the world is one. There men into intelligent relation to God in Christ, will be different ways of expressing the one with all the consequent values involved in that system of truth, but the truth itself will be the purpose. Here, as in everything that Christ same. In all these lines there are now varying touches, any program of saving one's life is a step systems, but hope does not lie in some skill which toward losing it, and it is not until a man or a will form an eclectic system, combining the vir- church or a nation thinks in terms of losing life tues of all and excluding the errors of each. Some for the sake of spiritual values in other lives that fundamental principle is discovered in each realm life itself can be secured. and that principle is carried to all the world.

Herein lies the serious danger of current pleas Everybody knows that the chemistry discovered to "save religion" or to "prevent the decay of and learned in America will work out in China religion." If religion needs saving it is because and Africa. Biology, good in Cambridge, is good we who profess it do not give it power and place also in Calcutta.

in our own lives. It is the purpose of religion to This is paralleled in religion. There are forms save men, not to be saved by them. Proposals that of religion everywhere. But when a great prin- all religions join in a kind of defensive warfare, ciple of religion is asserted, the test of its truth each forgetting its differences from others in the is in the fact that it is good everywhere. When final desperate effort to keep from being extin- a religion does not seek to become universal, it guished, tend to weaken the cause of each faith. raises the question whether it is really true at all.

Christianity cannot make common cause with all It is not humility which prevents adherents of a the other faiths of the world in trying to save religion from trying to give it to all men; it is something from "the wreck of religion." Nothing lurking doubt whether it is really essential and effective nor helpful can be done about an un- valid everywhere. Imagine a scholar of chemistry named and undescribed "religion" in general declining to favor the teaching of his discoveries which is no one religion in particular. The ques- in other lands because those lands already had tion whether "religion" is valid and effective is ideas of their own about nature and he could not best answered by considering whether the Chris- be sure that what he had found true in his labora- tian religion is valid and effective. For the mis- tory in Germany would be true in Ceylon! Some sionary enterprise the issue is not whether or not think it tolerance to say, "Of course we count our humanity needs some form of religion, but whether religion best for us, but may not the people of mankind really needs and can be given the Chris- other lands do better with other forms of re- tian religion. The fact that it brings to men values ligion?" This is not "tolerance" nor "broadmind- which may have existed in their earlier experi- edness"; it is mere lack of conviction. We would ences of religion is part of the argument, but if it not say it in any other realm of fact. We might does no more it is not worthy of the sacrifice and say it in matters of taste or convenience, as in cost of the missionary effort. forms of art or of government; we could not say We shall never carryon the Christian move- it in matters of fact.

ment (a) on the basis of a general conviction that It all hinges on our conviction that there· are it is better to have religion than not, nor (b) on elements in the Christian faith which are not in the feeling that on the whole and at certain points other forms of religion, no matter how worthy Christianity is better than other religions, nor those forms may be, and that these elements are (c) with the attitude that we are all out to learn essential to a sound religious life for men. The from each other and to correct the errors we have Christian religion is so rich in content that listing all made in organizing our various religious sys- its essential elements is always dangerous. (a) At tems, nor (d) with the hope that some day we least it can be said that nowhere else do men learn may strike a really satisfactory religion by gather- such truth about God as a holy, loving Father, ing the good elements out of all these systems. triune, personal, redemptive, as they learn in the The Christian missionary enterprise is moti- Christian faith, a truth which changes the whole vated by an assurance of the essential and valid outlook of life. (b) Nowhere do men find Jesus nature of the Christian faith, its suitability to all Christ but in that faith of which He is the center men everywhere, and its effectiveness in doing and circumference. The Jerusalem Message says: what humanity needs under all conditions of spir- "Our message is Jesus Christ." Christ and His ituallife. redemptive grace, His atoning death, His resur- If the question arises whether anyone religion rection, His abiding promise of the Kingdom, are can serve all men, in view of their wide variety, not found elsewhere. If we believe that pardon the reply is clear. There can be one chemistry, and peace and power are found in Him we cannot one physics, one mathematical system, because the fail to see that all men need them precisely as we

DO MEN REALLY NEED CHRIST?

do ourselves. (c) The living and loving Holy the world by no agency but the religion which Spirit works when and where and how He will, Christ inspired and maintains. but it is when He takes the things of Christ and shows them unto men that they come to know Him In short, if anyone needs Christ and His rebest and to rest most truly upon Him. Nowhere ligion, everyone needs Him, for He does not make else do men learn Him as in the faith of Christ. His appeal to any peculiarity, but to essential (d) Nor do men anywhere else receive such power humanity, a humanity shared in common by all to obey the mandates of a high and true ethics for men. It is no arrogance for a man to bring the personal and social life. The inner principle of religion which has blessed him to his fellows love to God and to one's neighbor, the use of life everywhere. What else would he do? Is his own in service, not for merit or reward, but for love sense of appreciation to be measured by the depth of Christ and one's fellow men, is spread through of his desire that other men shall share with him in the good he has received?

Doctoring Pagans of the Sudan* By KENNETH G. FRASER, F. R. G. S. IF·· T WENTY-FIVE years ago, in response to an today without being impressed with the very appeal from Lord Cromer, the Church Mis- great changes which the message of the Cross has sionary Society began work among the nu- produced in their life and character. merous pagan tribes inhabiting the two southern provinces of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. An important feature of the missionary effort in every station is its medical work, and when I The forces of the Mahdi, like a withering blight, first arrived in the Sudan, eleven years ago, I was had a few years previously passed over the coun- impressed with the tremendous amount of fine try. They bad borne their share of the general medical work which our missionary clergy were havoc, which in little more than a decade had doing. In those days the physical suffering was reduced the population of the Anglo-Egyptian appalling, but no sufferer ever appealed to our Sudan from eight millions to two millions. Roads missionaries in vain. Even today the non-medical scarcely existed when, in 1905, the Society's first missionary contemplating coming to Africa will batch of six men, under the leadership of L. H. come twice armed if he, or she, bas taken the Gwynne, now Bishop of Egypt, landed on the right trouble to acquire even an elementary training in bank of the White Nile, south of the Sudd area. the "relief of pain." Nearly twenty different languages, spoken by as many different tribes, had to be formulated in Few tasks can have greater thrills for a doctor writing, and then taught to the people in the than to be the first to arrive in the midst of a written form, before much serious headway could strange pagan community, with a plentiful supply be made, for the illiterate pagan soon forgets–or, of drugs and hospital requisites, but with no worse still, distorts even the simplest truths. knowledge of the language, and with notbing bet- ter than a tumble-down native hut to live in. Today there are nine important mission stations scattered about over the larger portion of those The hut in this case being small and not clean, two provinces. One is a school for the higher was used only for dressing. We lived and worked training of evangelists, teachers and government in the open before a crowd of wondering natives employees. Four other stations have an ever- who kept coming from far and near to see us and spreading network of bush schools, and most of who observed our every movement as children the people coming forward for Christian instruc- watch the movements of some strange creature at tion first hear the Gospel message in these bush the Zoo. schools. For days, mysterious-looking boxes kept arriv- No one could visit these very primitive tribes ing on men's heads from the river port, 127 miles away. These contained our household belongings, • Condensed from The Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society food and hospital supplies. After a few days a Quarterly. woman was brought in, terribly mauled by a lion.

It happened near the spot in the bush where we only relieves but prevents an incredible amount of had dum,ped our things and which was to become physical suffering. Unfortunately, however, more our station. She was alone in a hut with her six- than half the suffering which is the lot of every months-old baby. The lion burst open the door African pagan is not physical but mental; it lies and seized the mother, who, with fine maternal beyond the reach of either drug or knife.

instinct, rolled over on her child to protect it. The Marshal Lyautey, that French Cromer, has said lion dragged her to the door and before he could that throughout the whole of his career in Africa get her through her screams had brought two he has always regarded the doctor as the pioneer men with burning logs of wood (no lion will face of civilization, and with this most Mrican admin- that) to the rescue. They found her still covering istrators will readily agree. It must be remem- the child with her own body and brought her to us. bered, however, that medicine and surgery, how- She was the first Moru patient to receive chloro- ever up-to-date, are by themselves powerless, as is form. Crowds gathered round the table, and I was secular education, to change the heart of man, and thankful we were in the open air. That I had not a civilization that leaves human nature unchanged killed her did not, of course, occur to any of them, may be disastrous for Mrica. Hence the impera- and great w:as their consternation when later in tive need in these days of keeping evangelism at the day she was able to talk to them and assure the very center of all our missionary effort, them that she had felt no pain, and that she had whether medical, educational or industrial.

no recollection of my having hurt her on the table. In stations where this need is not emphasized, They smote their thighs and exclaimed, Manok- the missionary has surrendered any claim to supe- w()i, ono toM which I know now means "Well, I riority which his work may have over similar never; this beats me!" It was our first major work carried on by non-missionary agents.

operation under chloroform. As I couldn't attend What gives our dispensary system its real and to both ends of the patient at the same time, I lasting value, as a means of creating a new Africa, needed someone to give the anesthetic. Yilu, the is the fact that side by side with each dispensary local chief, looked the most intelligent man in the is a church school. It is a large building, seating crowd, so I engaged him to do the job for me, and three to four hundred people. During week days he did so with satisfaction for about one and a it is used as a mission school and on Sundays as a half years. He then had an accident, and the case church. died from an overdose, whereupon he completely lost his nerve and resigned the post. Fortunately, The old scholars, in batches of five, help in rotathe patient was only a young monkey, which was tion for one week in the dispensary, thus learning brought to me for a minor operation. the meaning of service as well as much elementary but useful medical work. It eases the burden of In a country with a population of only six to the dispensary workers and enables them to lend the square mile (England has 650) it is obviously a hand in school. impossible for more than a small proportion of Much depends on the witness of the older Christhose who could be cured in a hospital ever to reach tian boys in charge of these centers. Each Sunday there, because the distances are so enormous. they have to preach to crowds of from three to Every village has its own tragic tale of suffering, seven hundred people, and it is from their lips but when it comes to carrying a patient fifty to that the people first hear of Him. "Who died etersixty miles to the Central Hospital, he is often nallife to bring, and lives that death may die." just left to die, or perhaps brought in when it is Each teacher has the moulding of the charactoo late to save life. ters of some forty or fifty school boys and the Thus it was that early this year we opened up . preparing of all enquirers. seven district dispensaries and put our best At the end of the month we try to get the trained Christian boys in charge. native leaders from each of the centers into the They are all well stocked with the usual routine Central Station for a quiet week-end. When saydrugs and dressings. The hospital lorry visits ing good-bye to them on Monday morning, as they each dispensary every ten days or so to replenish return to their work, I realize how much they drugs, etc., and bring serious cases to the hospital. stand in need of prayer. The moment they get The people are overjoyed and each of the chiefs back to their stations they are beset with counthas gladly undertaken to keep his own dispensary less temptations, and if anyone class in Mrica buildings in repair. has a greater claim than another on the prayers This year it is hoped to further extend our bor- of God's people, it is the young African bush ders along these lines, as soon as suitably trained school teacher or dispenser, just emerged from boys become available. paganism and seeking to witness for Christ in his This sort of work is most gratifying, for it not own district or village.

Miracles at

.• =4: By IRENE MASON HARPER Moga, Panjab, India T ALKING with a village preacher who is pro- the school buildings to earn his own way to claiming the Gospel of Christ to the outcastes "education." of a village in the Moga District about a year Seven years later, at a starlight service, under ago, I asked him to recall some of his significant the great trees of Moga School, this boy faced a memories. In simple but colorful Panjabi lan- new crisis. The man spoke lovingly of Ray Har- guage he painted for me picture after picture of rison Carter, who conceived the idea of the Moga the Christward movement in Indian villages. Training School, struggled and sacrificed to found First I saw a boy of twelve, physically strong it, and lived with those first boys, sharing their and healthy, able to work for his own support, deepest experiences. At this evening service Mr.

sitting at the edge of a field Carter made an appeal to his and watching the grazing cat- Moga is achieving the impossible. older students to give their tIe for whom he is caretaker. At this fascinating mission school lives in sacrificial service to In the distance he hears the outcaste village boys, who have the outcaste village people.

clamor of school boys at their been considered untouchable and What a request to the boy who play on the outskirts of the unteachable, are learning to become had struggled so hard to lift village. This lad's head is leaders and teachers of their own himself out of that class into bowed upon his knees. Stolid, people. They are taught by the which he had been born! Was modern project method which has you say, asleep, indifferent, or made the school famous throughout he, who had so miraculously stupid? This would be nat- India. Rev. and Mrs. Arthur E. been given a chance to leave ural for an outcaste boy of Harper, missionaries of the Ameri- behind that old life, now to go ignorant, degraded origin. No! can Presbyterian Church, are in back to it? The struggle was charge of the work, and here Mrs.

In that boy's heart is rising a Harper tells the remarkable story quiet, but none the less real.

cry so bitter, so sharp that, of how these villagers are trained The village preacher told me after nearly twenty years, this to think and to live, and to serve that he thought his experience man spoke the very words to others 8S true Christians. was a common one among me with trembling lips: "0 Moga boys. With Christ's help God, 0 God, why did you cause me to be born?" he decided to accept the challenge, as the majority I asked my friend if he thought it was common of Moga graduates have decided to do, and today for children of the outcastes thus to resent their he is the head of a Christian village home, shep- lot. "Yes," he said, and gave the reasons with herding village Christians and carrying the mes- which all who know the caste system in India are sage of Christ, by his sincere life and simple familiar. He then told me how the idea was born speech, to the outcastes in the surrounding vil- in him that if he could only "get learning" he lages.

could be lifted out of his low condition. The Moga Training School for Village Teachers The next picture he described showed me a is conducted by the American Presbyterian Mis- group of tents pitched on the edge of the village. sion. This school has just celebrated its twentieth The usual group of village children are crowding anniversary and has inaugurated the Ray Harri- round, peeping through the flaps. Among them is son Carter Memorial Fund in honor of that far- one who pushes in, with a humble, trembling seeing, devoted missionary who literally gave his salaam. At the kind voice of the missionary the life that Moga and its ideals might live.

boy speaks his desire: "I want reading." An Urdu Moga is a boarding school, with kindergarten, Primer is produced, and the missionary sits down primary and middle classes (through the eighth to give the boy his first reading lesson. A few grade) and a normal course for training teachers.

days later that boy is entered as a pupil at the At present it has an enrollment of 192, mainly new mission boarding school at Moga. He is set Christian boys from the villages. A few non- to work in the wheat fields and at coolie labor on Christian applicants are admitted, but the school [83]

is already crowded beyond capacity and many are Moga is, in essence, a Christian school which necessarily turned away. There is no reason, ex- seeks to make its methods of teaching thoroughly cept lack of room, why boys of all castes should Christian. It challenges the common notion of not have the privileges of this school; but its first teaching as merely imparting information, and duty is to the poor and underprivileged. There is substitutes the ideal of guiding the growth of no area of life in India which more needs Christ individuals in their personal life and social relathan does the village, and Moga's main purpose is tions. It strives to follow Christ in His emphasis to prepare Christian leaders for the villages. In on the supreme worth of the individual, the vital importance of freedom, and the call to active service. Moga believes that in the technical de- tails of education, such as selecting the subject matter and determining the methods of teaching, some ways are more effectively Christian than other ways. That is why Moga is interested in modern methods.

Learning by Doing TEACHING VILLAGE INDUSTRIES AT MOGA Moga boys learn, not by memorizing text-books and precepts of conduct, but by active experience. this it has been more successful than most mission Here is a class, for instance – the Sixth Grade boarding schools. Of 138 recent graduates (1926- several years ago – which chose for their central 1930) of the Normal Training Class, 119, or more interest a study of the Government Hospital in than 85 per cent, are known to be in positions of the town a mile distant. They made several visits leadership in villages. and reported on various aspects of the work of the hospitals, the plans of buildings and grounds, Modern Methods of Training costs, drugs used, duties of staff, etc. The class then decided to open a daily dispensary in their A distinguished visitor wrote in the Moga School own classroom, to give simple remedies and aid to log book: "A privilege to see this school in which fellow pupils and other people on the compound. teaching is an art and learning a pleasure." The They borrowed some furniture, made other, earned modern methods at Moga are methods of joyful, and collected money to buy drugs, studied the useful, Christian living. The average school is sources of drugs, estimated the cost of running very different. In most schools in India, it would their dispensary, learned careful weighing of be fair to say that learning is a dull business for small quantities, labelled the bottles, made signs the children. Boys and girls con their compulsory and charts and notices and record books. The dislessons with little interest beyond their docile wish pensary was open every day, the first half hour of to please the teacher. Text-books and teacher's school, and was well patronized. The boys served methods take little account of the natural interests in turn by pairs, opening with prayer, and inof the pupils, nor of their daily life needs. The structing as well as treating the patients. Much traditional subject matter is, to the teachers as of the subject matter required in the government well as pupils, like the laws of the Medes and the curriculum for this year was needed in this project Persians. Learning is practically synonymous besides a large amount of additional hygiene and with memorizing, and memorizing is for the tem- practical knowledge. The boys studied it all with porary purpose of gaining promotion or passing a the greatest keenness and interest. government examination. Covering the required course of formal lessons is the accepted aim of To another class, in the daily period devoted to most of the teachers. The idea of working for Bible study, was proposed the problem, "If you growth of the pupils in character and effective could tell ten, and only ten, Bible stories to a living has apparently not occurred to them, or if group of boys of your own age (twelve to fifteen they give lip service to the ideal of Christian years) what ten would you choose?" These boys character building, it is not a controlling objective worked about three months on that lead. They of their methods and management. searched the Scriptures from cover to cover, and many a lively debate was held. They thought ear- nestly on the needs of village boys, their natural interests, and the spiritual values of many Old and New Testament stories. They finally chose ten stories from the Gospels. They made a poster for each story, with original drawings and a pertinent

MODERN MIRACLES AT MOGA

text inscribed thereon in their most decorative this class in discussing the fears of village people. Urdu script. These pictures were used by some of These little fellows had sad knowledge of the these boys in telling Bible stories in the villages. many superstitions which terrorize the dwellers This is a sample of the way the pupils naturally in these mud huts. One bright lad suggested the desire to share in witnessing for Christ in the Twenty-third Psalm as ,a good antidote to fear. He villages. They are learning to do this, not through said that he liked to say it to himself in the dark. compulsion or precept, but through purposeful The class took up the. idea and decided to illustrate experience. their beloved Shepherd Psalm on a large piece of cardboard which could be shown to village folk From Real Life who need comfort and the new teaching as to the love and care of God. For the resulting colored As learning by doing is the principle which con- poster, in illuminated Urdu script with original trols the method of teaching, so relatedness to life illustrations, the children nearly used up their one is the principle controlling the selection of what box of water colors (from the Woolworth stores is to be learned. The learning of Moga boys is not in America) which must be made to do for the formal information, divided into dry "subjects of class for a whole year! study," but is vitally related to their own lives and environment. Last year the Second Grade built in One class, after completing their house, desired the school yard what they called their "Ocean to hold a dedication service. They prepared invi- Project." A water-shed and a river system, con- tations which were presented to the primary nected by canals with their own home villages, classes, the teachers and missionaries, and a group poured into the great sea. Little boys, 800 miles of visitors who happened to be inspecting the remote from the nearest ocean port, packed tiny school. These latter were non-Christian guests, barges with bundles of cotton and wee bags of who were much impressed with the natural manwheat, and followed their village products out into ner in which the boys conducted a religious service the wide world. Boats and lighthouses, and even planned entirely by themselves. The completed submarines, built themselves into the picture, and house was decorated with appropriate Bible verses horizons widened for these children of narrow, -among these "Except the Lord build the house, underprivileged homes. Even as the little folk of they labor in vain that build it." One of the pupils your fortunate American schools, they learned of prayed very simply and sincerely for God's bless- "the great, wide, wonderful world, with the won- ing on their work. derful waters around you curled." . About a year ago the Seventh Grade chose for The close relationship of the curriculum to life their "project" the planning of a Model Village. is apparent to anyone who notes the activities which the various classes choose to carryon. All A PROJECT FOR BOYS-BUILDING A VILLAGE HOUSE of the class enterprises are not derived from the village environment, for we try to encourage the They considered all the needs of the villagersbroader, cultural interests as well as the practical economic, social, spiritual-and planned how these experiences. Nevertheless, a large part of the needs could be met in the spirit of Christ. Pracstudies which occupy Moga boys are related to tical plans for village sanitation, for the education rural interests. In the First Grade, for instance, of girls as well as boys, for the overcoming of the boys usually choose to build a house in their poverty and debt, were considered. They made a classroom. Like their own village homes, it is a clay model of an improved village house and one-room mud hut. In planning and measuring exhibited this at a Rural Uplift Mela, a sort of their house, they learn considerable arithmetic, writing and drawing. They make and count hundreds of sun-dried bricks; they read stories about the house and the people and animals who belong to it. More important lessons they learn from this educational mud-pie play, for the question of windows arises, and the unsanitary, windowless village home is condemned as the boys' knowledge of health grows. Clay figures are made to inhabit the house, and the conversation is led to the proper care of animals or to the problems of right relationships in the home. Often the Bible lessons present Christian ideals of home life. One year, several weeks of the Bible period were spent in

county fair, in the market town of Moga. Here trips to villages at least once a week, on Sundays they explained to visitors the details and distrib- and sometimes oftener, and hold Christian servuted a leaflet prepared by themselves, giving esti- ices. Sometimes lectures are given or dramas for health education, etc. What is needed is more conmates of cost and the kind of houses advocated. tinuity in their efforts, more actual practice in Through experiences like these, Moga boys are meeting human needs. For this we hope to have a Moga-on-Wheels, a well-equipped demonstration preparing to enter helpfully into the life of the truck, in which four students, with teaching mavillage. All the older classes share also in definite terials, a small library, simple remedies, samples of seeds and improved agricultural implements, a lantern with colored Bible pictures, etc., can travel to a remote village and live there for a week at a time to carry on practical Christian work. With such a truck, the Normal Class would be able to influence greatly all that region, and would be more effectively trained in meeting the problems they will actually have to face when they graduate.

PRACTICE TEACHING WITH THE VILLAGE TRAINING CLASS Influence of Moga evangelistic work in nearby villages. Every Sun- That education should be closely related to enday, groups of boys, under the leadership of teach- vironment and should give practical preparation ers, visit villages within a three-mile radius to for life may seem axiomatic to some readers. But conduct Christian services. these principles have had very narrow application in Indian education. In the field of rural education Training Workers for the Villages the experiment at Moga has attracted much atten- tion and has had a wide influence not only on the In the Normal Class these experiences are gath- schools conducted by missions but on Indian eduered up into a definite course of training for rural cators as well. The following comments by Indian workers. Only thirty-five young men can be ad- visitors, who are in positions of control in public mitted to this class, although last year eighty- education, show appreciation of some of the ideals three filed applications with complete credentials. of this Christian school: The school dormitories are very inadequate, and these thirty-five occupy quarters that would be "The school is not merely a school; it is a traincrowded for thirty. In spite of primitive living ing center, an agricultural farm, a workshop, a conditions, hard work and poverty, many more home, and so many other things combined. The beg for this training than can receive it. The one- institution teaches self-help, self-dependence and year course also is woefully inadequate. In that self-reliance, and gives a thoroughly practical year they learn methods of teaching and manag- turn of mind to its students. I congratulate the ing primary schools and have a fair amount of missionary society and its workers on the new practice teaching under controlled conditions. They ideas and new ideals which they have placed bediscuss the. improvement of village sanitation, fore the people of thiS' country," wrote the Minissocial and economic conditions in the village, and learn something of methods of adult education. ter of Education of the Panjah.* But it is possible in one year to give them only very little actual practice in ministering to the "I feel that we need more schools of this kind needs of village people. and I am grateful for the work which the pro- moters are doing for my country," was the testi- What is desperately needed for Moga Training mony of Sir Jogindra Singh.t School is another dormitory and another teacher to make possible two years of training. We have It is clear, from these and many other comments a plan for making this training intensely practi- of visitors, that patriotic Indians see in the Moga cal. We hope to apply the principle of learning by experiment principles that should more largely doing, to the teaching of village uplift. This is control Indian education. done to some extent now, for these students make Character Building Through Experience Moga is not satisfied with merely promoting the practical trend in education. It is concerned with the growth of Christian character, and that in- volves far more than preparation to earn a liveli- *A Hindu.

t A Sikh.

hood. The teachers believe that their God-given than teacher-guided student-discipline. Didactic task is to guide the development of individuals methods in the classroom sometimes produce a who will find their highest happiness in serving better apparent result than pupil-purposing and others. The fullest opportunity must be given for pupil-activity methods. These new ways are often the growth of each pupil. Such is not the effect, perplexing, sometimes discouraging; but so are in India, of traditional methods of teaching. This. all Christ's principles when we actually try to put is the reason why Moga has definitely challenged them into practice. The Kingdom which Christ the stereotyped, formal methods of instruction proclaimed is a "new" thing. When His teachings and demonstrated methods which are, in India, and His spirit rule in the content and method of new and revolutionary. In every classroom and education, we shall have "new" schools.

in outside activities, pupils are encouraged to Christians who ca~ stand alone are needed in choose and to plan. The methods used by the modern India. The Indian Church is fast becom- teachers stimulate the boys to think for them- ing self-conscious, is stirring with new life, and selves, to assume responsibility and to work to- faces many problems. Her leaders feel keenly gether for the common good. Each boy in the the need of more spiritual power in the members school earns part of the expense of his education of the churches which will impel them to joyful, by his own labor. Every boy of the Fourth sacrificial service. They are conscious of the Grade and above rents from the school a plot on Church's failure to interpret the Christian mes- which he raises vegetables which he markets. He sage to their own people in modes of thought that also shares in raising wheat, makes simpJe articles are Indian and not mere copies of Western think- in the village trades shop and does miscellaneous ing. They deplore the extent to which lack of jobs paid for by the hour. The younger boys independence has weakened the self-respect of the share in some of these ways of earning. All of Church.

them keep their own accounts of labor and profits, In the long run, Christian education holds the and at the end of each month receive the net cash, key to these problems. Theodore Roosevelt once from which each personally pays a sum, deter- said, "Nine-tenths of wisdom is being wise in mined according to age and earning ability, time." Christian education in India must be wise towards his tuition and board. Moga boys man- in time while it is able to guide the growth of age most of the affairs of the school by means of young Christians, the future leaders of the committees. They purchase and cook their own food, care for the buildings and grounds, and share in the government of the school.

Two illustrations may show how purpose and initiative are stimulated. On one occasion, the student body decided to close school for two full days. The purpose of this holiday was that they might share in the Evangelistic Campaign of the Churches in the Panjal>. Nearly all the boys spent long hours selling Gospels and witnessing in the bazaars and villages. The "holiday" involved sacrifice of some of their chances for earning money, as classroom hours had to be made up at the expense of working hours.

On another occasion, and indeed frequently when objects for giving have been presented, the boys shamed older Christians by their free choice A VILLAGE SCHOOL WHERE A MOGA BOY TEACHES of really sacrificial giving. They gave to a special Church. It must be recognized that in Christian appeal for orphans in the Near East, from their schools, the most important consideration is not own earnings, an amount which averaged per boy fulfilling the stereotyped requirements of the one-fifth of his monthly earnings. school tradition, but affording opportunities for independent thinking, initiative, joyful coopera- Of course, all is not ideal at Moga. Character- tion and loving service. Modern methods at Moga building is uphill work. It is not easy to be con- are important for the Christian movement in sistent in using methods which stimulate self- India because they contribute to that "life abunactivity. The experiment of student government dant" which Christ came to make possible, and bedoes not always work smoothly. It would often cause they are in harmony with the methods of be easier to use autocratic methods. Discipline the Great Teacher himself. by teachers and authorities is easier to administer

Students In Mission Schools*

By BISHOP JAMES H. LINTON, Isfahan, Persia I~" Missionary Bishop 0/ the Church 0/ England T HE Garden of God has in it flowers of every I not only mean that it is a means of bringing our girls to hue and of endless variety. On the part of accept the ethical teaching of Christ, but rather of trying the gardeners this demands infinite adapta- to help them to know Christ as their Saviour, of putting before them His claims, and of trying to lead them to a bility, constant thought, wondrous patience. If full surrender to Him. Indeed I feel this so strongly that I believe I would not stay longer in the work if I felt that the same treatment is meted out to all plants I could only influence them from a Christian ethical standalike, some will wither and die; some will produce point, and not really strive to win individual lives for abundant blossom; many will be dwarfed and Jesus Christ Himself. My own strong feelings in this stunted. They will bloom, but Are mission schools and col- matter are chiefly due to my certheir color will be poor and leges to be definitely mission- tainty that even Christian ethics are their fragrance but faint. ary in purpose and program of no avail without the power of a or are they to work indirectly Saviour behind, and that I have no In reading interesting cor- to promote Christianity with- right to call girls to the awful strugrespondence dealing with evan- out seeking to win pupils to gle of following His teaching withgelism through schools, I have Christ? This is a question on out first showing the joy and peace been impressed with the great which many good Christians of full surrender to Him. variety of aim and method, of honestly differ. It is impordifficulty and result. Methods tant and Bishop Linton of This principal goes on to say which are suitable for a Per- Persia speaks from experience that she in no wise minimizes sian garden appear to be as to the effectiveness of def- the opportunity of leavening wholly impossible in the glare inite evangelism as of prime the thought of the nation by of a Turkish sun or the arid importance in the Christian the teaching of Jesus Christ, desert of Arabia. Soil and cir- missionary educational pro- nor would she deny that this cumstance are factors which gram. should be a definite aim in our the gardener must be con- work; only she would emphastantly studying if he expects size that it is not enough. We to produce flowers of fragrance ought to get the truest Chrisand beauty which will in turn tian influence permeating the community when we get com- be reproductive and which will plete surrender of the in- permanently b e aut i f y the dividual to Christ.

Garden of God. The dean of a college which has recently had a And the flowers of our garden are God's litt~e remarkable number of conversions among non- ones, of whom the Head Gardener has counselled Christian stUdents writes that "the primary us that we offend them not, and despise them not, purpose" of the college "is to lead men to a knowl- for they are the very choicest flowers in the edge of Jesus Christ, which knowledge, we be- Garden of His Father. lieve, is the way of salvation for them, and the What are the aims of Christian education? only way of which we know anything." There- From a most interesting sheaf of correspondence fore," every reasonable effort consistent with fair- I quote a few. ness and tolerance is exerted to bring to the at- One experienced girls' school principal in a tention of the students the salvation which is Moslem city with its own peculiar difficulties, offered to all men in and through Jesus Christ."

writes: ' The effect of presenting the ethical teaching After some years 'of work I am still a real believer in of Christ with its leavening effect on society is a educational work as an evangelistic agency; and by that by-product of its main purpose. Yet, this is con- • A paper read at the meeting of the Near East Christian Council sidered of such importance, that if the direct and published in The Mosle= World, By Bishop James H. Linton, evangelistic purpose were for any reason inipos- Isfahan, Persia, Missionary Bishop of the Church of England.

[88] sible, they would still feel the existence of the aware of the Christian teaching given in all college to be justified if they could carry out such classes, and year by year the Church roll records a program of presenting the ethical teaching of the number of those who, after public confession Christ to the students as would mean incorporat- and due probation, have been admitted to the ing this in the life of the nation. But, in the face Church by Holy Baptism. Another principal in a of serious governmental restrictions, they are still Jewish school says, "The Jewish field of service is able to carry out the primary purpose, and just at a very promising one. During my seven years of present they are unable to care for the success service we have had many out-and-out conver- that they have been experiencing. sions."

I quote the above testimony as an encourage- In one of the colleges referred to earlier, some- ment to those who are carrying on educational thing over forty Moslem students recently either work in circumstances of difficulty and external made a definite confession of faith in Christ or restrictions. The results attained may well in- signified their desire to be further instructed in spire others to get in touch with this college, with His teaching. This followed a parochial "mission"

a view to considering whether for them there conducted on lines similar to those we have in may be a possibility of adapting such methods in America or England. In the same town about evangelism. thirty Jews also signed cards to the same effect.

The principal of a girls' school tells that until The dean of the college says that at present the recently the pupils were preponderatingly mem- chief limitation he has in this work of evangelism bers of the ancient Eastern Churches. It was then is lack of time and strength. From another school easy to maintain unequivocally that their aim was in the area the principal gives similar testimony.

to bring their girls to a knowledge of Christ and In this college it has ceased to be a matter of a fuller fellowship with Him. And they had good comment when a student becomes a Christian.

results. Today the aim is still the same, but they Another of the professors in the same college, have an increasing number of Moslem girls and writing of the results of the mission that was are also faced with governmental restrictions as held, says: "It may encourage workers [in other to Christian teaching to Moslems, together with areas] to go forward with direct evangelism. For more stringent demands as to educational stand- it is to this that we are surely called.. It ought ard, and she has to confess that the .aim is not also to warn us all never to be content with an being attained with the same success as formerly. ethical and cultural influencing of the nation. For, But they "plough in hO,pe," and feel justified in if we get that aim firmly fixed on our conscious- going on with comparatively more emphasis on ness, we are in danger of never hitting the other the secondary aim, viz., so getting the ethical target. We, too, have had our barren years when teaching of Jesus Christ across to their pupils we sowed in tears and hope, and sometimes hardly that the bonds of fear and superstition are broken, in hope. Today we are reaping – not perhaps a and they hope eventually to be able to get the harvest as in parts of Africa and India, but good evangelistic message once more into the forefront grain for all that."

of their purpose. A careful consideration of the correspondence I have little use for mere statistics, and realize received goes to show that in most cases you how misleading these may be even in the hand of eventually hit the target at which you aim. Those honest folk like missionaries! Bernard Lucas once who preach a positive Christian message and aim said that it was doubtless very interesting for at conversion, as a rule, seem to get conversions.

David to number the children of Israel, but it There are few schools which aim at conversion proved disastrous for the nation! How often we and have none to report. Some have waited long have found, too, that after telling in a missionary and patiently. Some are still waiting. Some have magazine the story of some striking conversion, them rarely. A few have recently had more than the devil seemed to get to work at once to make their staff can adequately care for.

havoc of the convert! Similarly, those who aim primarily at "cultural"

results are getting them. Some honestly do not Forty Students Become Christians think that conversion is a justifiable aim in school Still, let us give glory to God. The principal of work, and naturally conversions are more "accia school for Jews in a Moslem land says that dental" than on purpose. One school, typical of though his school is well known as a Christian this class, reports that they know of no case in institution, and there are very efficient Jewish recent years where a non-Christian student made schools in the town, they have just under five a profession of faith in Christ, but they know of hundred pupils and are unable, for lack of accom- many who would admit that the influence of Jesus modation, to receive any more. Parents are fully Christ has changed their lives.

One interesting feature in several places is the that the Christian staff be sufficient to allow for experimental work of Christian converts. They plenty of time outside class for personal work. If conduct branches of the Scripture Union, or help the Christian staff is working all the time at full in Christian Endeavor Societies. Some are evan- pressure on the purely educational side, the defi- gelists employed by churches or missions, others nitely missionary work inevitably suffers.

are colporteurs of the Bible Society. Jewish con- One college reports that it has appointed one verts to Christianity are seeking to win Moslems man on the staff solely for religious work among to Christ. Christian students are engaging in vari- the students, thus putting the religious work of ous forms of social service for non-Christians. In the college on at least an equal footing with other one school the girls had winter parties for poor departments. In addition there is, of course, the Moslem girls, and at Christmas gave them food part-time cooperation of the other Christian mem- and clothing, dolls, etc. This was made the occa- bers of the staff. The total impact of this is felt sion of a charge by the local education authority to be considerable and the department of religious that they had invited outsiders for the purpose education is said to be the livest in the college.

of anti-Islamic conversions! In some places the The course includes CharacterStudies in the Bible, Y. M. C. A. is proving a useful organization, Chris- the Life of Jesus Christ, Christian Philosophy, tian clubs in others. Girls organize games, etc., Christian Sociology, etc. The method of approach for young carpet weavers. In one college the is that of the student's need and our possession of Christian Union members visit some other town religious values that may be serviceable to him, during the Easter holidays and by very open and rather than any propagandist approach.

direct evangelism, largely by personal and indi- Denationalizing is a charge that is easy to hurl vidual work, they seek to win non-Christians for against schools under foreign control and one that the Lord Jesus Christ. The summer school camps is not altogether easy to rebut. We do belong to are proving a valuable outlet for the ev,angelistic another nation, though we try to keep all undue zeal of young converts and a source of gaining foreign influence altogether out of our work. In fresh converts to Christ. the area which we represent, with its growing and The value of hostels is emphasized by several as intense national spirit, we must be on our guard almost the most effective single means for gaining all the time against anything that might be that personal contact with students which is es- charged against us as anti-national.

sential in school evangelism. There are opportu- Follow-u,p work is one that clearly calls for con- nities for voluntary prayers, Sunday services and sideration. It is easy to make this statement, but unrestricted personal work, all of which are much unless the Christian staff of the school can be in- more difficult to get where there is no hostel. In creased so that the school does its own follow-up the absence of a hostel, one principal writes that work, or what is probably much better, that there her house, adjoining the school, has become a sort should be such close interrelation between the of second home for her pupils. This gives her evangelistic workers and the school that these can opportunities for talks with the girls without the do this work, there is sure to be constant leakage.

danger of being interrupted. Also walks with the So we look over this plot which the Great Gar- girls are useful and classes for enquirers. dener has committed to our care. We confess our Those who know something of the "Oxford failure in many things, but what stands out prom- Groups" will understand the value of "fellowship inently in all the correspondence is, that in every meetings," both those for members of the staff place the gardeners have a high ideal of their task and those where members of the staff and Chris- and a fine sense of responsibility in this important tian students meet together in this way. The bit of work. The spirit of prayer breathes through principal of one college where this method is car- the whole. The sowing is going on, and it is being ried out says he feels that the fellowship has been done in faith and hope, tended and watered with the most important means of producing the spir- patience and prayer. There are flowers of rare itual results they have experienced in the college. beauty springing up even in desert soil. Surely The Christian life of the students has been deep- the Great Gardener Himself loves to come down ened, the active Christian witness of the college is in the cool of the day, to behold the fair beauty of full of life, and a spirit of harmony prevails. If His garden and encourage us, His servants, as we this sort of witness is to be effective it is essential work and pray.

mlfat nntlfing bt lollt. Jolfn Ill. 12. llllllll cartful tift Iloril of ctilory mas to "gatlftr up tift fragmtnts!" ~ tnfintttly mtaltlfy Ilnril ts uot mtaltlfy tuoU!J1f to "tlfrlllll tlfings amay:' Jlt cannot atroril to malltr brtail. Q!an Jlt atroril to lost a soul? "Jlt gottlf ont afttr tlfal mlftrlf is (ost until Jlt finils tt:'-J. lll. JlIlIIttt.

Mission Boards Worth While?*

..:( By the Rev. ARTHUR JUDSON BROWN, D. D. ) :..

Secretary Emeritus of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

WORLD evangelization being the supreme of details little understood by the average home work of the Church, the method of admin- congregation. Problems and interrelations with istration should be commensurate with the other work and workers and questions of mission task to be performed. Such a work cannot be policy are involved, which, from the nature of the properly done by individuals or congregations act- case, are entirely beyond the experience of the ing separately. It is too vast, the distance too minister of a home church, and which call for an great, the single act too small. Local churches expert knowledge only possible to one who dedo not have the experience in dealing with mis- votes his entire time to their acquisition. Mis,;, sionary problems or the knowledge of details nec- sionary work has long since passed the experimenessary for the proper conduct of such' an enter- tal stage, and an apparently simple question may prise. Moreover, the individual may die or lose have bearings that even friends do not suspect. his money. The single church under another pas- The experiment of having each state control its tor may become indifferent or discouraged. In own regiments in a national war has been tried, any case, the work would lack stability. It would and with such disastrous results that it is not be fitful, sporadic, too dependent upon accidental likely to be repeated. knowledge or temporary emotion. A chance newspaper article or a visit from some enthusiastic It is neither safe nor sensible for the Church to missionary might direct a disproportionate stream leave such a large and important undertaking to of gifts to one field, while others perhaps more individuals or to local congregations. The Lord's important would be neglected. The wise expendi- work calls for expert methods. The whole Church ture of large sums of money in distant lands, the must take up this matter. It must form a responchecks and safeguards essential to prudent con- sible agency, whose outlook is over the whole field trol, the equitable distribution of workers and and through which individuals and churches can forms of work, the proper balancing of interests work together and to the best advantage. There between widely scattered and isolated points, the must be some lens which shall gather up the scatformulation of principles of mission policy-these tered rays of local effort and focus them: where require a strong administrative board. they are needed; some institution whose stability will not be imperilled by changes in personnel. The Christian missionary campaign is spiritual warfare on a vast scale, and it cannot be adequate- Recognizing these needs, each of the leading dely prosecuted by individuals operating indepen- nominations has constituted a Board of Foreign dently, however conscientious. There must be a Missions as the main channel through which it central organization with breadth of plan, unity may unitedly, wisely, and systematically carryon of movement, and persistence of purpose. A local this work for humanity and for God. These mischurch or conference can, with comparative ease, sion boards are composed not only of leading clersupervise the work within its bounds and there- gymen, but include bank presidents, successful fore under its immediate oversight; but foreign merchants and lawyers, directors of large corpomissionary work is remote, in many different lan- rations, and women of eminent ability and devoguages, and among diverse peoples. It is a varied tion. They are trusted leaders in other spheres and complex work, including not only churches but and their judgment is of no less value when they day-schools, boarding schools, industrial schools, deal with the extension of the Kingdom of God. normal schools, colleges, universities, medical and These men and women devote much time and labor theological schools, inquirers' classes, hospitals, to the affairs of the boards, leaving their own dispensaries, translating, publishing and distrib- work, often at great inconvenience, to attend board meetings, in which they earnestly and uting books and tracts, the purchase and care of • Dr. Brown's book. "The Foreign Missionary." first published in property, the health and homes and furloughs of 1907, and which has. been reprinted twelve times, has been thoroughly revised and the thirteenth printing i. now in press. Facts and stamissionaries, fluctuating currencies of many tistics have been brought down to date. With the consent of the pub- lisher, the Fleming H. Revell Company, 158 Fifth Ave., New York, kinds, negotiations with governments, and a mass this article quotes freely from the chapter on "Missionary Administra- tion" in the new and revised edition. EDITOR.

[91]

prayerfully consider the work committed to their avoid debt. The world-wide work, being conducted care. The churches owe much to their boards, on so large a scale and over so vast a territory, which are unselfishly administering their great cannot be hurriedly adjusted to financial changes trust. Though they may make occasional mis- in the United States. A board is responsible for takes, their loyalty, devotion, and intelligence are maintaining the work on a stable basis and cannot a reasonable guarantee that they will wisely serve radically change its program without warning. It the cause that is .as dear to them as to others. operates in distant lands, some so remote that sev- In the handling of missionary money great care eral months are required for the interchange of is taken by these mission boards. Some years ago letters. Plans and pledges must be made far in a Buffalo banker and a Pittsburgh merchant made advance. Moreover, missionaries are sent to a a thorough examination of the financial methods distant field for a life service and cannot be sum- of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, marily discharged as a merchant may discharge a and bore "testimony to the complete and business- clerk. The board reserves the right of recall, but like methods that are followed in the office man- should not exercise this right save for serious agement, which we believe are fully up to the best cause. Foreign missionaries are working among practice in the leading financial and industrial people of a different race, often unsympathetic,and institutions of the country, and give assurance must receive their salaries promptly. The home that the business entrusted to this office is churches do not want to send a "forlorn hope"

'promptly, efficiently, and economically conducted." into Asia and Africa and then desert it. This No doubt the same is true of other boards. The policy, however, involves financial risks to the editor of a leading religious weekly declared that boards because of the uncertainty of income.

"no trust company handles more money at a less Churches do not supply the funds in advance.

expense, with a smaller percentage of loss, than Most of them do not even make pledges. The the benevolent agencies of the Church." result is that the boards must often borrow money Since the members and officers of the boards to meet their responsibilities, especially since are or have been pastors and contributing mem- many local church treasurers do not forward of- bers of churches, they know that the money they ferings till the last days of the fiscal year.

receive includes not only the gifts of the rich, but Keeping in Touch with the Workers the self-sacrifice of the poor. They regard these gifts as a sacred trust to be expended with more It is a very important part of the work of mis- than ordinary care. sion boards to keep in close touch with the work- There are, of course, necessary expenditures for ers on the field. The secretaries give much time administration. A board must have offices and to correspondence with individual missionaries facilities for doing its work efficiently. The and to conferences with those at home on fur- churches wish to have their missionaries ade- lough. Their views are eagerly sought in making quately supported for a life work, so that an decisions affecting the work. Most boards send administrative agency must be maintained com- a secretary or a deputation to the field at intervals mensurate with the obligations assumed. Still, of a few years, for the express purpose of becom- the proportionate cost of administration of denom- ing more fully informed regarding the work, and inational boards is low. The percentage varies, as to discuss the problems on the field. Many board some have free rentals and unpaid agents, and the members have also personally visited the field and cost of stimulating interest in the churches is not have become experts in handling mission prob- always included in administrative expense. In lems. We doubt whether even the most reckless general, the cost of administration proper, com- critic will challenge the mission board secretaries pared with the total expense of maintaining the with any lack of knowledge of missions or incom- work, ranges from four to seven per cent. That petence :as missionary administrators. Many of is, it takes but little more than the value of a for- them have served as missionaries on the field and eign postage stamp to send a missionary dollar to know the problems from long experience. It is Asia or Africa. What mercantile concern, doing the policy of the boards to attach great weight to a great business and requiring the services of a the judgment of the missionaries and to give them large number of persons scattered over the world, liberty of action consistent with prudent adminis- can show as low a percentage? Dr. Henry Van tration. The presum;ption is always in favor of Dyke once made inquiries of several large corpora- granting requests of the devoted and trusted tions, railway, manufacturing, and mercantile, and workers on the field. Annual appropriations for found that their average administrative cost was current work are ordinarily made for each mission 12.75 per cent.; in one establishment it rose to in a lump sum, leaving the mission wide discretion twenty per cent. in determining how the funds available can be ex- It is more difficult than many might imagine to pended to the best advantage.

ARE MISSION BOARDS WORTHWHILE?

Missionaries do not always appreciate the diffi· forming its decisions by its relations with all the culties that beset an effort to ascertain their missions, by conferences with boards of other de- views. They represent so many different types nominations, and by long experience in dealing that there is certain to be divergent opinions. with similar missionary problems.

The same difficulty is experienced when sev- Missionaries and the Home Church eral hundred ministers and laymen meet in their home Church. A proposal from a board reaches The Mission Boards are important and essential three or four families at some remote station. means of contact between the missionary on the They do not know the views of workers in other field and the Church at home. They seek to be lands, nor do they have the benefit of opinions ex- channels of communication through which infor- pressed in a debate. The result is that the mis- mation may flow to and from the field. Mission- sionaries cast a vote which they might not cast if aries are asked to write quarterly letters home, they could have profited by the views of their as- which the Board duplicates and mails to the in- sociates in other countries. Each mission is apt terested friends and supporters whose addresses to suggest some amendment so that the returns it can secure. Learning by experience that many to the board are a chaos of conflicting views. missionaries are irregular in writing such letters, A medical missionary once wrote to me propos- the Board asks each station to designate one of ing certain changes in the manual rule affecting its members to write these letters describing the the medical missionaries. A copy of his letter, work of the station, and widely distributes these with a request for an opinion, was sen~ to every letters. Many Boards maintain a special depart- medical missionary connected with the board, so ment for transmitting such letters of mission- that a general policy might be formulated. Three aries to the home constituency, and also send to years later, only about half the medical mission- missionaries copies of a leaflet urging the impor- aries had been heard from. Men and women, tance of letters and suggesting the kind that are scattered over Asia, Africa, ,and Latin America, most effective in arousing and maintaining the who seldom see one another and who do not have missionary interest of friends at home. Pastors, intercommunication except through the board, in turn, are asked by the Board to keep in touch cannot be made the unit of missionary adminis- by correspondence with the missionaries in whom tration. their churches are particularly interested and for Some missionaries have protested against the whom they assume some responsibility.

policy of consulting missionaries on matters that When a missionary returns on furlough, the cannot be discussed in a mission meeting without Board expects him or her, if physically possible, embarrassment and fear of personal offense. In to visit the Church which is particularly interest- such cases the mission vote is apt to represent the ed, and in all the educational and inspirational sentiment of those personally involved rather than campaigns which the Board conducts among the that of the mission as a whole. One missionary home churches, furloughed missionaries are used.

frankly said: "We have difficulty enough to keep Indeed, those who are good speakers have some- harmony on the mission field without the board times said that they are asked to do more itinerat- throwing firebrands into our meetings. What is ing at home on furloughs than they do on the the board for if it cannot decide such questions? foreign field. The anxiety of a Board Secretary Your knowledge of the missionaries and your ac- to prevent the unwise diversion of gifts from the quaintance with missionary problems are such authorized budget, upon which the stability of the that you ought to know what should be done." work rests, occasionally leads to an objection to It should be borne in mind that the decision of individual appeals for an object that one mission- many questions by a board is required, not only by ary may deem very important but which has not the necessities of the case, but by the board's re- been approved by the Mission or the Board. But lation to the church which has assigned to it the the policy of the boards is to facilitate in every duty of directing the missionary enterprise. Cer- practicable way the closest personal relations be- tain questions must come to the home office for tween the missionaries and the supporting con- final decision, because they must be decided by stituency and to keep the channel wide open for somebody and the board has been formed for that all reasonable intercommunication. The earnest purpose. The board is held to strict account for desire and endeavor of Mission Board secretaries the supervision of the work, and it assumes re- is to keep the Church at home fully informed as to sponsibilities for the maintenance of missionaries the work and to cultivate true fellowship in and their work that are inseparable from a degree prayer, intelligent interest and adequate sup- of administrative control. If anything goes port of the great work of Christ in which we are wrong the home Church blames the board rather all partners.

than the missionary. The board is also aided in Every board would admit that, in deciding nu-

merQus and perplexing questiQns, SQme Qf them crusade but a settled campaign, and they are plandelicate and difficult and Qn which gQQd men differ, ning it with all the skill and prudence they po.ssess. errQrs Qf judgment sQmetimes Qccur. It is prQb- They study the broad principles o.f missio.ns, read able, hQwever, that if any o.ne were to. make a list the lessQns that they have been taught by a hun- Qf the real defects in present administrative meth- dred years o.f missio.nary effQrt, abandQn plans ods, he wo.uld learn that the bQards already are that have been fQund defective, and adQpt new earnestly striving to. remedy them. Dr. William Qnes that pro.mise better results. Every year the N. Clarke expressed the fQllo.wing o.piniQn: Qfficers and representatives Qf Qver sixty bo.ards in the United States and Canada meet fQr cQnference The sharpest criticism usually comes from those who as to. the best metho.ds o.f carrying o.n missio.nary know the work only from the outside, and have no idea QperatiQns, and an amo.unt Qf care and thQught is either of its real magnitude or of the immense complica- given to. the whQle subject that wo.uld surprise the tions that it involves. Large parts of the work of mission- average critic. ary boards imply matters that are confidential in their nature. A certain amount of reserve is absolutely required There is no. gro.und fQr the assumptio.n o.f so.me by justice and by the interests of the work. Matters that that the wo.rk o.f a church bo.ard is no.t a "faith can be openly discussed are often fully intelligible only to wo.rk." At the beginning o.f each year the bo.ard those who know great classes of surrounding facts. When makes its apprQpriatio.ns so.lely o.n the faith that a board is blamed about some occurrence on the foreign Go.d will mQve the Churches to. pro.vide the necesfield, there is almost sure to be involved some personal sary mo.ney. Since this wo.rk is suppo.rted by the matter in which prejudice for or against someone may gifts o.f His peo.ple, it is fair to. assume that He easily mislead an outside judgment, and even in the inner will bless them when they mo.ve unitedly and circle a just and wise judgment requires the utmost prayerfully fo.r the acco.mplishment o.f the chief caution. All administrative work is, of course, justly open wo.rk that He has laid upo.n them. He is quite as to candid and reasonable criticism, and no missionary apt to. guide the men who.m the Church "IQo.ks society expects or asks to escape it; but there are com- o.ut" as "Qf hQnest repQrt, full Qf the Ho.ly Spirit paratively few persons who are thoroughly qualified to criticise the administration of the great missionary organ- and wisdo.m" and appo.ints "o.ver this business," izations except in a very general way. Even f.or those who as He is to. guide an individual, ho.wever sincere have intimate knowledge enough to be capable of intelli- o.r enthusiastic. These Bo.ard members reverently gent criticism, it often proves far easier to see faults in lo.o.k to. the Ho.ly Spirit as the administrator o.f the the policy of the great societies than to propose radical enterprise, believing that their chief reliance must improvements upon their general method of administra- be upo.n His guidance. They realize that God is tion. It is a case where correction even of acknowledged no.tJimited to. human methQds and that the failure faults, though it be ever so much desired, is often beset with unsuspected difficulty. Hence, the case is one that o.f a cherished plan may no.t augur injury to the evidently calls for mutual confidence and loyal cooperation among those who are interested together in missions. The cause but o.nly defect in the plan. They feel that fact ought to be taken more closely home to the popular their o.nly safety is to. keep clo.se to. Christ and to. Christian heart that a missionary society is conducting a seek to. kno.w His will. Prayer, therefo.re, begins work of exceptional magnitude and difficulty, under condi- and pervades all deliberatiQns and wings every tions that render misjudgment of its doings extremely appeal fo.r funds. Heavy as are the anxieties and easy, and that its officers deserve sympathetic and respect- respo.nsibilities, every Bo.ard co.unts it an ho.no.r and a privilege to. represent the Church o.f God in ful judgment from all their brethren.* the administratiQn o.f this nQblest o.f all Christian activities. Missio.n bQards are giving increasing attentiQn to. the principles o.f an intelligent and cQmprehensive PQlicy. They are no.t merely cQnducting a • A Study of Christian Missions. Pp. 128, 134. 135.

"HAVE FAITH! GO FORWARD"

Tho.mas A. Ediso.n, Qne o.f the WQrld's greatest men, after 84 years o.f a full and en· ergetic life, gave to the wo.rld's largest audience, o.ver the radio. last June, what prQved to. be his final public utterance. His wo.rds make a mQst po.werful sermQn.

The message was spo.ken at a time when banks were cQntinuing to. go. to. the wall, when unemplo.yment was steadily increasing, when sales o.f all kinds were being held and many stQres were cutting prices to. the limit, with little o.r no. pro.fit. Pessimistic statements were the rule.

What shQuld such a man say at such a time? Here are his wQrds : "My message to. yQU is. to. be co.urageo.us! I have lived a lo.ng time. I have seen his- tQry repeat itself again and again. I have seen many depressiQns in business. Always America has emerged fro.m these strQnger and mQre pro.sperQUS. Be as brave as yo.ur fathers were befQre yQU. Have faith! Go. fQrward!"

A Forw-ard Movement In China*

The China Inland Mission's Answer to Satan's Challenge By the REV. ROBERT HALL GLOVER, M. D., F. R. G. S., Philadelphia j:..

Home Director of tht: China Inland Mission in NOTth America A LITTLE more than four years ago, in The critic and avowed enemy of missions like- 1927, a new and fierce anti-Christian and wise said, anti-missionary agitation suddenly broke "No," but went a bit further and added, "It out in China. This was inspired by Communist serves you right. You are getting just what you propagandists, who incited the Chinese soldiery deserve for your impertinence in forcing your and student body to acts of violence, particularly Western religion upon people who have their own directed against missionaries and other for- religions."

eigners. The Western governments became Then there was the discouraged missionary, alarmed and promptly ordered who had suffered heavy mate- their nationals to withdraw rial loss and shameful insult, from the interior. And so the The present Forward Move- and whose vision, dimmed with large majority of missionaries ment of the China Inland Mis- tears, could for the time dis- all over China were forced to sion, vitally important as it is cern little hope for the resump- leave their stations, and their by reason of the ends in view, tion of missionary activities.

beloved converts and work of assumes an added significance But there were missionaries years, and to make their way to when it is realized that it whose anointed eyes saw the the coast. Thus almost before caine into being as the direct situation in a very different they were aware of it, several result of one of the heaviest light. That the blow had come hundred C. I. M. missionaries, blows which Satan ever dealt directly from Satan, and with among others,found themselves the missionary cause in China. intent to ruin the work of mis- out of inland China and with Once again has the great Cap- sions, they doubted not. But the door closed behind them. tain of our salvation out-ma- did the Word anywhere teach It was a sad hour for these neuvered his crafty adver- that God's servants were ever missionaries and for the Mis- sary, and turned the devi1's to accept defeat at the hands sion, and the outlook from the weapons against himself, so of Satan? Assuredly not. Had human point of view was dark. that his deliberate attempt to Satan at any time succeeded by Would the door of missionary destroy the work of missions persecution in destroying the opportunity ever reopen? That ,has been made by the Lord cause of Christ? Far from it.

question was in many minds the very means–so far, at He tried to do so at the very and upon many lips, and was least, as the China Inland Mis- outset of the missionary enter- variously answered by differ- sion is concerned–of impart- prise when he inspired the ent classes of people. The ing fresh zeal and energy to stoning to death of Stephen.

w 0 rId 1y-w i seman, always the enterprise and projecting But he only succeeded thereby s k e p tic a I about missionary a vigorous advance into new in giving new impulse and work, unhesitatingly answered: territory. This is why the breadth to the movement, for "No. It is just as I expected. Forward Movement in ques- "they that were s cat t ere d How could missionaries be so tion can properly be called the abroad went every where foolish as to imagine that they Mission's answer to Satan's preaching the word," so that could ever change the deeply challenge, its counter-offen- converts were multiplied and rooted religious ideas of the sive in the teeth' of the en- the scope of Gospel effort was Chinese?" emy's vicious assault.-R.H.G. greatly extended.

• From China's Millions, December, 1931. So it was with every suc- [95]

ceeding persecution recorded in the Book of Acts. non-Christians alike, and found opportunities for The great missionary apostle, Paul, testified that the Gospel greater than ever before. Suffering the persecutions which befell him had "fallen out and oppression .had chastened many hearts and rather unto the progress of the gospel," and he made them more susceptible to the Christian followed on to exhort his fellow-workers to be message.

"in nothing terrified by your adversaries." If The Chinese Christians for the most part stood the New Testament stresses one thing more than true through the fires of affliction and were puri- any other about missions it is that the opposition fied and strengthened, while their leaders wonder- and persecution stirred up by the enemy are fully developed in spiritual gift and grace. Many among the most fruitful means, through God's churches have been sorely tested and severely transforming power, of advancing the enterprise. handicapped in their efforts toward larger self- Every such assault of the adversary today, there- support and self-extension, by reason of the ter- fore, should be made the occasion of a forward rible conditions of civil war, banditry, famine and movement issuing in fresh expansion and in- pestilence which have been so prevalent. Never- creased spiritual results. theless, substantial progress has been made by That is the way the China Inland Mission was many of them, and there have been some inspir- led to regard the adverse situation with which ing examples of faithful and fruitful evangelistic it was confronted four years ago. Was mission- effort.

ary work in China at an end? How could it The missionaries on their part have lost no time possibly be with Christ's Great Commission un- in actually launching the proj ected Forward Move- revoked and the task of giving the Gospel to ment. From center after center in the various China's millions stilI so very far from completed? provinces the workers have pushed out courage- At whatever cost, the work must go on. And ously into new territory in the face of terrific odds so the Mission went upon its face before God in against them. It is not at all surprising that such fervent prayer for the reopening of the door and an advance should meet with the stubborn resist- for clear guidance as to its future plans. ance of our great adversary, and one cannot fail Those were days of deep heart-searching as to see his hand in the stirring up of political strife, well as earnest pleading with God. Then He gave the depredations of bloody bandits, the wicked the vision and conviction for an aggressive ad- machinations of Red Communists, and the sicken- vance. In prayerful conference together it was ing horrors of the Moslem uprising in Kansu, as resolved that when the missionaries were per- well as in the tragic succession of dire calamities mitted to return it would not be to retain any -famine, disease and flood-which have befallen longer in their own hands the care of local that unhappy land, taking an appalling toll of life churches, but to pass this over to their Chinese and plunging tens of millions of survivors into colleagues and thus to free themselves for an abject poverty and helpless despair. Under condi- aggressive forward evangelistic movement into tions such as these, many would consider even the hitherto unreached regions. continuance of the existing work well-nigh impos- Efforts were also to be made to stimulate the sible and any advance wholly out of the question.

Chinese churches to increased zeal in witnessing Yet our brave missionaries have dared to carry for Christ and energetic cooperation in the work on, and even to press forward, despite the hard- of evangelizing the districts surrounding the ships and dangers involved.

existing stations and churches. A careful and The twenty or more new main centers already comprehensive survey was made of the unevan- opened give no adequate idea of the Forward gelized sections of China with a view to shaping Movement to date. A host of other places have the advance, and on the basis of this survey the been visited and worked by Gospel teams, so that Mission's leaders in China felt clearly led to ap- literally hundreds of thousands of Chinese have peal to God and to the homelands for two hun- for the first time heard the Gospel. The scope of dred new missionaries to be sent out within two these varied and unceasing activities is a very years, as the minimum reinforcement necessary wide one, embracing cities, towns and hamlets in to carry out the plan of advance. the thickly peopled central provinces, as well as What has been the sequel? The Lord has an- fresh advances among the hill tribes of the south- swered prayer all along the line. The temporarily west, the Tibetans on the western Szechwan bor- closed door to inland China swung. open ag,ain far der, and both Moslem and Chinese communities in sooner than the most sanguine missionary could remote Kansu.

have predicted upon any ground of natural proba- Especially cheering is it to learn that during bility. The returning missionaries were every- this period of peculiar difficulty and trial the vis- where warmly welcomed back, by Christians and ible results of the work have been the largest in

ARE MISSION BOARDS WORTHWHILE?

years. During 1927-1928, when for the most part way thither, and fifteen others-the exact reour missionaries were compelled to be away and mainder of the 200-were accepted and preparing the work was largely left to the Chinese Chris- to sail. In North America quite a few more young tians, upwards of 7,500 converts were baptized. men and women are at various stages of consid- In 1929 there were over 4,400 more baptisms, and eration as candidates. Ninety of those already in 1930 more than 4,900, while the number already accepted 200 are from North America. reported this year is larger than in any recent year. Will not those who have faithfully prayed and trusted with us for the full number of the two To sum up, since the blow fell upon our work a hundred now unite in fervent praise to God for little more than four years ago and the order for His gracious answer to our prayers and His faiththe missionaries to evacuate was given, 20,000 ful supply of our need? Not only have we cause Chinese have been baptized upon personal confes- for thanksgiving in that our Father has given us sion of Christ as their Saviour, not to speak of the these choice recruits, but also that He has supmany other blessed results attending the work. plied, at a time of such financial stress, the large In the light of all this, what a tragedy it would sum of money necessary to send them out, and has have been had the Mission yielded to the tempta- at the same time substantially increased the numtion to mark time or retrench, and what a glory it ber of the Mission's prayer supporters. is to the Lord that it has even dared to launch this Forward Movement! We might well tremble to send into China this new company of young missionaries, under the Finally, what about the two hundred new mis- present grave conditions prevailing there, were we sionaries? When the appeal reached the home not assured of a corresponding reinforcement of lands from China it was already summer time of intercessors to stand back of them. Thank God, 1929, rather too late for the recruiting camp.aign the number of China Inland Mission ,prayer circles to get more than well under way that year. in North America alone has increased at last re- Thirty-six new workers were sent out that au- ports to eighty-nine, and our Prayer Union memtumn, and forty-six in 1930, thus giving us eighty- bers to 3,231. Truly, "the Lord hath done great two of the 200 on the field at the beginning of the things for us, whereof we are glad." Let us magyear. Then came a time of testing, when in all nify Him and exalt His name together. the home lands we were distinctly conscious of the strong resistance of the enemy to the appeal for We need to remember that the end of the two new workers. Our General Director felt led to years' recruiting is only the beginning of the task suggest a day of special prayer and fasting, with the 200 particularly in mind. February 10 was itself, so that we must still cooperate by prayer thus set and observed by the Mission throughout the world. The effect was at once noticeable. and faith with our fellow-workers on the field, and United, believing prayer had broken through the enemy's resistance, and from that time offers of "forgetting those things which are behind, and service in China have come in a steady stream, so that our home staffs have been kept busy dealing reaching' forth unto those things which are be- with candidates. fore," together "press toward the mark"-which Eight weeks before the end of the year, 185 of in this instance is the overtaking of the vast unthe 200 were actually already in China or on their met need of millions of Chinese for the Gospel, and thus the fulfillment of God's call and commis- sion through His servant Hudson Taylor to the China Inland Mission to preach the Gospel to every creature in inland China.

EVANGELISM AND THE SOCIAL GOSPEL There is only one Gospel in the New Testament, and that is the Gospel of our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ. This gospel is applicable to all men and to all human conditions. It is a spiritual gospel with an individual and a social message. When this is applied to individuals, we call it a personal gospel; when it is applied to groups of individuals and social conditions we call it a social gospel, but in each case it is the same gospel. No pres- entation of the Gospel in our day can be effective without both of these applications.

JOHN McDOWELL.

of Christian Colleges In

A Review of the Report of the Commission on Christian Higher Education in India* ..:( By REV. RALPH B. NESBITT, Summit, New Jersey J!:.. Recently a Miss~onaTY in India A T an important gathering of Christian edu- follows the historical method in developing the ~ cators of India in Agra, in February, argument in favor of the proposed plan. The 1921; steps were taken looking forward to colleges themselves are critical of the work they the coming of a Commission to examine the work are doing. So are others who are friendly to of the Christian Colleges in India. In due course missionary work, such as Mr. Arthur Mayhew the International Missionary Council constituted and Bishop Whitehead. A section of great value the Commission of eight which visited India dur- in the matter of orientation is the consideration ing the last cold season, arriving in November, of the "principles underlying the policy of the 1930, and continuing until early last April. colleges as set forth in earlier discussions of the The personnel of the Commission was a suffi- subject." In the past there have been three aims cient guarantee of a thorough piece of work, the set before the Christian colleges: chairman being Dr. A. D. Lindsay, Master of 1. That of preparing India for acceptance of the Gospel Balliol College, Oxford. Two members were out- 2. That of winning men in the colleges to confession of Christ and baptism in His name; in short, the work standing Indian Christians, two were Britishers of conversion who had been missionaries, and two were Amer- 3. That of a "strengthening, training, developing icans who had not previously had intimate contact ag~ncy" for the Christian community with India. The Commission was authorized to make recom- Historically, the first has been the most im- portant. However, under changed conditions the mendations which would, if carried out, definitely matter of preparation for the coming of the Kingalter the present methods of higher Christian edu- dom of God is different from what it formerly cation in India. Something of a crisis had been was. A new content of Christian education must reached and the Commission offers certain pro- be worked out, and this is the main task which posals which to some may seem revolutionary. the Commission faced. The metaphor of the spearhead and the handle is used to illustrate the A careful questionnaire had previously been relation of the religious and the secular aspects sent to the principals of the colleges that were to of education. Dr. Miller of Bombay, the wellbe visited and by means of these replies and later known Scotch educator of a generation ago, said, by visits to the various colleges, supplemented by "The Scriptures are to be the spearhead, all other knowledge the well-fitted handle. The Scriptures conferences, the Commission worked out their re- are to be the healing essence, all other knowledge port and conclusions. This report of 363 pages the congenial medium through which it is conincludes an Analysis and Appraisal of the Col- veyed." leges as they are; a Plan for the Christian Colleges in India; and the Way of Putting it into There is (in Part II, Chapter 3) an incisive and Effect. A number of appendices including the discriminating survey of changing India. The questionnaire above referred to and one entitled, picture is drawn with skill and is true to life. All The Application of the Principles of this Report India is being deeply stirred and the Christian Church is involved. Perhaps most significant of to Indian Universities. all, secularism and anti-religious propaganda are Acceptance of the plan proposed as a remedy for growing apace.

the present crisis will depend largely upon one's Another important chapter deals historically conviction that the diagnosis has been skilfully and accurately made. Hence the Report wisely * The Christian College in India, 8vo, 363 pages, Appendices and with the system of higher education and the rela- Index. $2.00. Oxford University Press, 1931.

[98] tion of the Christian colleges to this system. This 1. The function of the colleges helps one to realize not only the fact that the 2. Government and administration of the col- Christian colleges have in no small measure forfeited the leadership in higher education in India leges. which they once enjoyed but also reveals the First, it is recommended that two additional causes which have brought about this unfortunate pieces of work be undertaken, namely, research result. There have been movements in the uni- and extension. Colleges are suffering from the versity life of India, notably that of the growth domination of an examination system. The stuof the so-called "unitary university," which have dents are not seeking culture but, on account of proved prejudicial to the influence of the Chris- economic pressure, are trying merely to pass extian colleges. Three causes are assigned for this aminations as a means of securing employment. loss of prestige: Under such circumstances the teaching force of the colleges tends to lose initiative. To recover 1. Lack of opportunity for research this the professors must undertake research work. 2. Indian prejudice against western institutions This will bring life and zest into their teaching. 3. Weakness due to a divided purpose This research should be related to the larger life in which the college finds itself. In other words, The plan I1roposed aims to meet these causes as the college is to be of service to the community. far as possible and to correct the admittedly un- In this way the responsibility of the colleges to fortunate results of the connection maintained by the Church may be met more fully than in the the Christian colleges with the university system past. Thus a modern equivalent of the early of India. These results are likewise three in num- preparation for the Gospel may be worked out. ber: There should be a re-shaping of the subject mat- ter of the curriculum. History is recommended 1. Domination of the examination system as the central discipline. This is to be supple- 2. Hampering effect of university regulations mented by science on one side and by art and 3. Loss of educational initiative literature on the other. The effect will be the appreciation of Christianity as an historical re- The important question of the religious in- ligion. The content of an education that is truly fluence of the Christian colleges is considered in Christian must be supplied. the two-fold aspect of this influence upon the stu- Second. Significant changes are proposed as to dents who attend the colleges and also,in the wider the administration of the colleges. These changes sphere, the influence upon the church and nation. affect the present management, both Indian and Here as elsewhere there is hearty acknowledg- foreign, in three phases: ment of past achievement for the colleges have been the means of winning men to Jesus ,Christ. 1. The relation between the mission boards and They have also exerted no slight influence on the the colleges in India people of India and have trained some of the outstanding leaders of the Church, such as Bishop 2. The constitution and powers of the govern- Azariah. ing boards of individual colleges It is nevertheless true, that the present situa- 3. The constitution and responsibility of the tion is just cause for alarm. The number of con- staff governing bodies of individual colleges. versions is deplorably small. The influence of the Christian college in the wider sphere, at least in The Commissioners propose that there should that of the nation, is a waning influence. Three be normally for each college two chief governing alternative proposals are presented: bodies, a Board of Direction and a Staff Governing Body, both constituted in India and entrusted 1. Persistence in the existing policy with full responsibility for the government and ad- 2. Withdrawal from higher education in favor ministration. The iPresent mission boards in America and England would cease to have direct of other methods connection with the colleges but, through the Na- 3. A Christian university or universities. tional Christian Council of India, would be kept informed of the progress of Christian higher edu- These proposals are all rejected in favor of the cation as a whole. plan already mentioned. This plan is the heart of the report. Here the Commission prescribes what, There may be non-Christian Indians on the in its judgment, is essenital in order that the Staff Governing Body, but the Board of Direction Christian colleges in India may regain the place of is to consist entirely of Christians. It is plainly large influence which they once held and· may the intention of the Commission that the Board make the contribution which they should make to of Direction in India should really direct. If legal- India today. The detailed application of this plan ly incorporated it should hold the property. As to (given in Part IV) cannot be described here. The the Staff Governing Body, it is of utmost imporplan includes: tance that chief responsibility be put on the In-

dian Christian members of the staff. This change paratory work really effective in New India. The is urgently needed. It is rather the missionary function of the Christian college is ably set forth: member whose influence has been dominant. A Christian college, as contemplated in this Report, It is further recommended that there should be is an institution in which the Church uses, in the service set up in India and in Britain ,and America per- of its great purpose, the characteristic contribution of the manent Christian educational committees. The teacher and the scholar. That characteristic contribution is the imparting of truth, the extension of knowledge, and India committee should be constituted to "rep- the building of character. (p. 206.) resent all the colleges and be able to speak for them, alike to the Government, the universities, One note is lacking here-a note which does not and to the general public." The boards or com- conflict with the purpose, but is supplementary to mittees to be created in Britain and America it-the note of conversion to Christ. The Comshould act as liaison officers between the home mission is, of course, not averse to this, as is maniboards and the committee in India, and should fest in its statement (page 185) in regard to "spealso assist in securing funds and in the difficult cial missions" which, "when they are conducted and important work of recruiting the right kind by a wise evangelist, may quicken the growth and of men and women for the colleges. fruitfulness the seeds that the patient teacher has The place of the theological colleges in the plan long been sowing in faithfulness and expectation." and a number of special problems are considered Again the Commission says: "As trainers of (Part III) but space does not permit more than youth, the Christian staff will seek through all the . this passing reference to these important prob- opportunities which the contacts of college life aflems. ford to lead their students to personal allegiance This very excellent report inspires the hope that to Jesus Christ and to build up their lives in Him." the Christian colleges may again secure a place of It would have been well if as careful and thorough real leadership in the educational and intellectual attention had been directed to the problem of leadlife of India. It proposes a way of escape from ing the individual students to Christ as has been the present intolerable system of examinations given to the kindred problem of making the coland suggests plans by which the colleges may leges effective as a general preparation for the become much more vital to the life of the Indian coming of the Kingdom of God in India. A con- Church. It is highly desirable that the Christian structive and thoroughgoing attempt should be college in India shall be made more truly Indian made by the colleges to follow up their graduates but at the same time the need of Christian teach- in order that any interest in Christ and affection ers from the West is maintained. for Him that has been created in the college may There appear to be two possible weaknesses in come to fruition in later life, when former stu- the plan presented. The first is financial. Frank- dents may be in a better position to make de- ly one does not see how the plan, involving as it cisions than while in college. This criticism should does "no inconsiderable outlay," can be carried not be interpreted to mean that the Commission through at present or in the near future. Com- has failed to safeguard the Christian purpose of paratively little expense will be saved by closing the enterprise. This it has certainly done. For up certain pieces of work and the new sources of instance, no sympathy is shown with an easy but revenue suggested do not seem adequate to meet fatal syncretism. (p. 147.) Emphasis is repeat- the increased expense involved. The cutting off edly laid upon the necessity of securing a large of the colleges from the direct relationship with number of Christian professors and boards of the mission boards at home may react unfavor- direction entirely composed of Christians. One of ably on support received through these boards. three functions of the board is that "the mainte- It will also be difficult to transfer workers from nance of the missionary purpose of the college other lines to the boards for additional research should be the special concern of the board of di- work while the work already in hand is greatly rection." (p. 204.) Religious instruction should undermanned. Christian alumni may contribute retain its central place in the curriculum and each to the support, but can non-Christians be expected college should have a chapel for Christian wor- to contribute in any large way if they are not rep- ship with a chaplain as a member of the staff, resented on the board of direction? whose special responsibility is to be the religious Another point where the plan does not seem en- life of the college. (pp. 182, 183, 186.) tirely satisfactory is in the danger of devoting too One lays down the report with a sense of sin- much attention to the handle (secular education) cere gratitude to the Commission and with the and too little to the spearhead (the spiritual pur- earnest hope that Higher Education in the Chris- pose) . The important work of the colleges as a tian colleges of India may, as a result of their preparation for the Gospel message has been ca:re- work, be made even more effective in the future fully considered with a view to making this pre- than in the past.

Religious Situation in

.. By REV. W. H. RAINEY, B. A., F. R. G. S., London ): Secretary for Western Europe and North Africa of the British and Foreign Bible Society T HE Government of Signor Mussolini has year religion was taken into account but the now granted to Protestants, and other non- figures are not yet available. Protestantism in Catholics, full freedom of worship. Re- Italy is numerically a very small minority, yet, ligious freedom, however, is no new thing in Italy. speaking from actual knowledge, we venture to As far back as February 17, 1848, Charles Albert, say that their influence is altogether out of pro- King of Piedmont, granted a large measure of portion to their numbers. Certainly the Pope religious freedom to all his subjects. This Edict, seems to take them very seriously for in his adwhich brought to an end persecutions dating from dress to the Lenten preachers on February 16th the 12th century, was considered a wonder of of last year he referred to them as "a great evil magnanimity, but in reality it was only the tardy which afflicts the population of Italy. Protestant recognition of a sacred right. proselytism is allowed to go on with such harm to human souls and with such menace to that People often speak of Italian Protestantism as which is most precious in the life of a nationthough it were an imported article. While it is namely, that profound unity of thought and soul true that English and American societies have which has never been seen to be so efficacious as done much to strengthen Evangelical work in Italy, yet the Waldensian Church of Piedmont, as Milton so well puts it, Kept Thy truth so pure of old When all our fathers worship't stocks and stones.

Italian Protestantism is national in its origin and ST. PETERS CATHEDRAL, VATICAN CITY, ROME dates from before the Reformation. It is not true that the genius of Protestantism is incompatible with the Latin races.

The Waldensian Church has always been a missionary organization and it proceeded to take advantage of its new freedom. Before the end of that eventful year (1848), her evangelists had penetrated into parts of the country hitherto closed to the Gospel. Florence, the capital of the Duchy of Tuscany, was occupied and in 1862 the Wesleyan Methodist Church helped to lay the basis of a work which now has extended throughout the country. Other Evangelical Churches entered later, and today the American Methodist Episcopal Church (North), the American Baptists (South), the Brethren, the Pentecostal Church, the Adventists, and others are doing their part in making the Gospel known. It is estimated that the total number of Protestants in Italy is about 150,000. However, it must not be taken for granted that the remainder of the population of Italy is entirely Roman Catholic. The census of 1921 did not enquire into religion but according to the 1911 census 874,523 persons declared that they had no religion and 653,404 made no declaration about their religion. In the new census this [101]

in religious unity." The early Christians were cially in Rome." Fortunately the Italian Govern- accused "of turning the world upside down," and ment interpreted the clause to recognize the rights Italian Protestants seem to have followed their of non-Catholics to worship and to propagate their example. religion.

The Edict of Charles Albert was confirmed and On the 28th of February a Royal Decree was enlarged by the Concordat of the 11th of Febru- published giving the "Regulations Governing the ary, 1929, which, while securing to the Roman Religions Admitted by the State" and this docu- Catholic Church a position of special prestige, ment was published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale granted, as Mussolini said in the Chamber-"full (Official Gazette) on the 12th of April, 1930.

liberty of worship to the other cults admitted by This document comprises 29 articles, but lack of the State, and the equality of every citizen before space permits us to quote only three; two of which the law, whatever the religion he may profess. deal with churches and one deals with institutions.

This liberty cannot be infringed in the slightest Article I-The opening of new Churches degree." The 4th and 5th articles of the law Before a new Church can be opened a request must dealing with "Permitted Cults" read as follows: be presented to the Minister of Justice, accompanied "Difference of cult forms no obstacle to the enjoy- by papers proving that the new Church is necessary ment of all civil and political rights, nor to admis- and meets the need of an important group of worsion to all the civil and military appointments. shippers. It is also necessary to prove that there is Discussion in matters of religion is entirely free." sufficient money to maintain the new premises. The opening must be authorized by the Minister of Jus- It was a bitter pill to the Vatican that the Con- tice by a Royal Decree.

cordat substituted the word "permitted" for Article 2 "tolerated"-the term previously used in dealing The faithful can have services, etc., in their buildwith other cults. Now Protestants were "permitted," recognized and protected by the State. ings without special authorIzation from the State on the condition that they are presided over, or author- ized, by a minister approved by the State. See Arti- Their ministers were granted the right to cele- cle 3 of the Law on "Approved Cults". Otherwise the brate marriages with the same legal effect as general law regulating public meetings comes into Roman Catholic priests. A priest preaching force. against Protestants in a large and crowded Jesuit Church was heard to declare that" 'permitted' is Article 13-Institutions The Institutes that are recognized as "corporations" a word to be banned; 'tolerate' was the proper are subject to the inspection and control of the State.

14. This includes the right of inspection. In the expression, for we tolerate these Protestants as we event of maladministration, when the directing body tolerate disorderly houses." However, Article I is not able to continue its work satisfactorily the State of the Concordat was considered by Catholics to reserves the right to interfere and appoint a new be so favorable to their interests that it more than body.

16. These Institutions cannot accept gifts, inheri- counterbalanced this official recognition. It stipu- tances or legacies without permission. This permis- lates that "In consideration of the sacred char- sion must be asked from the Minister of Justice. If acter of the Eternal City, the episcopal See of the the sum exceeds lire 300,000 permission must be ob- Supreme Pontiff, the center of the Catholic world tained from the Council of State. and the goal of pilgrimage, the Italian Government will use its best endeavors to prevent in No missionary director or superintendent can Rome anything that may not be in keeping with read these Articles without seeing in them the its above-mentioned character." possibility of serious complications. If strictly applied they would make both church and school Many Roman Catholics thought the fulfillment work exceedingly difficult. One cannot but think of this clause implied the closing of the Italian that State recognition in itself is a very doubtful Protestant churches in Rome, and on the follow- advantage. Had choice been possible we think ing Sunday several pastors received anonymous the Evangelical Churches would have preferred to letters threatening violence if they celebrated remain independent. their usual services. Moreover, written in large letters on the door of the depot of the British and There is, however, a more serious complication. Only ministers recognized by the State are al- Foreign Bible Society in the Foro Italico were the lowed to preach the Gospel. This brings us face to face with a difficult problem-what must those ominous words E finito anche per voi– (Your men do, who, for any reason whatsoever, are not officially recognized? Obedience to the State turn too has come). That some such interpreta- might mean disobedience to the Christ. Some have considered it their duty to continue preachtion of this clause was in the mind of the Pope ing.and leave the consequences in the hands of himself seems evident from his speech on the 8th of January, 1931, when he declared that the Con- cordat had been violated by "non-Catholic and God. We have had six cases brought to our no- even anti-Catholic proselytism in Italy and espe- tice where pastors-two Baptist, one Methodist,

THE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN ITALY

one Pentecostal and two Brethren-without State senting Spain as a spotless gift to the Blessed recognition were denounced by priests to the local Virgin, as a land where the dissenting voice of authorities for breaking the law in this respect the heretic was unknown. Had General Primo de and prosecuted. We do not think that a legal de- Rivera been a weaker man they might have suc- cision has yet been given in any of these cases. ceeded in their plans. One wonders whether any On another occasion a Waldensian evangelist was Roman Jesuit has ever dreamed the same dream. prosecuted and condemned for holding a meeting in a private house. There are undoubtedly also It is not surprising that a Church that posmany cases with which we are not familiar. How- sesses temporal power with all that this involves ever, facilities are being granted by the State for should take a hand in politics. Today this is dan- Government recognition. We have no doubt that gerous in Italy for Signor Mussolini will brook no a modus vivendi will be found, and that these dif- interference. In a recent interview with a reficulties which are out of harmony with the lib- porter of Le Journal, he declarederal spirit shown by the Fascist Government will be removed. I wish to see religion everywhere in Italy. Let us teach the children the Catechism; let us send them to Church on After the first enthusiasm over the signing of Sundays, however young they may be. All that I leave the Concordat died away the relations between to the priests. It is religion. The rest is politics and the Vatican and the Italian Government have La politique c'est mai. Politics are what I detennine. I steadily grown worse. They would now seem to will allow no one to interfere in any way with what conhave reached a crisis. Early in June there were cerns the State. My formula is clear. "Everything in the anti-Catholic riots in Rome. Crowds marched State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the through the streets crying "Down with the State." As against the Catholic Party I have given many Pope"; and the Osservatore Romano, the official warnings. The Vatican has been put on its guard against organ of the Vatican, was publicly burnt to the the peril of this extreme policy, which may awaken antistrains of "Giovenezza," the Fascist hymn. Only clerical opinion, the dormant existence of which it well the presence of strong detachments of troops pre- knOWs. vented the rioters from penetrating into the Vatican itself. This manifestation was the sequel to The Vatican City is now a sovereign State, an anti-Catholic campaign throughout Italy and where the Pope rules supreme, but'it will be well the suppression of all branches of the powerful for him to remember that there is only room for Catholic Action association. One rubs one's eyes: one dictator in Italy. can this be Rome, the city of the Concordat? PAPAL GUARDS AT THE VATICAN CITY Some newspapers, hostile to the Fascist regime, have spoken of Sig. Mussolini's "wanton attack on religion," and the Pope himself in an address given on the 20th of June to the Vatican Congregations for the Propagation of the Faith declared the persecution of the Papal Church "as bad in Italy as in Mexico and Soviet Russia." This is fantastic. Signor Mussolini is not the enemy of religion; his whole policy to Roman Catholic and Protestant proves this, but his anti-Catholic campaign was inspired by the instinct of self-preservation. In the ranks of the Fascist party itself there are many devout Catholics with a divided loyalty between Church and State. Dark and hidden forces were at work, and the Italian Premier, rightly or wrongly, saw in the activities of the Catholic Action party a menace to the security of his. regime. A successful coup d'etat in the in- terests of the clerical party would have made the Pope the virtual dictator of Italy and the elimina- tion of interests considered hostile to the Catholic hierarchy would have followed. The Roman Cath- olics of course have denied all that is attributed to them. One remembers, however, the dark dreams of certain Spanish reactionaries who spoke of pre-

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]l.ll.,4P.- "-_._- .D~"'~_ ARABIA, 'fHE GREAT NEGLECTED PENINSULA (See page 105)

Is Arabia Still Neglected?

..:( By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D. ):..

Princeton, New Jersey, One of the Founders of the Arabian Mission PORTY-TWO years ago the whole Arabian writes in the Geographical Journal, London, peninsula, with the excePtion of Aden, was March, 1931: unoccupied missionary territory. One million square miles, four thousand miles of coast, I find it difficult to sum up my impressions of the Hadhramaut, particularly as these impressions are based without one witness for Christ. The death of Ian only on a few short flights over the area, helped to some extent by subsequent examination of the photographs. Keith Falconer left the future of the Scotch Mis- There is no doubt, however, that the Hadhramaut is a place which has a peculiar fascination; the mere fact that sion quite uncertain, and that was the only beacon the greater part of it had never been seen by Europeans shows how isolated it is, yet although isolated, life there, of light across the darkness of thirteen centuries in the cradle of Islam. .

. In 1889 the Arabian Mission of the Reformed according to Arab standards, is highly organized and pros- Church in America was organized and the first perous. There is no doubt that the country is now much missionaries went out. Forty years have brought more civilized than it was when the Bents undertook their great changes. The Persian Gulf coast is now journey in 1894, but although motor cars are now com- mon, and the towns have been peered at from the air, 1 fairly well occupied but the interior of Oman, the think it will be many years before the Hadhramaut loses Province of Hassa, the whole of Nejd, the whole its isolation. of Hadhramaut, the entire West coast is still with- The Arabian Mission called attention to this out established Christian missions. Southern Province thirty-five years ago, but the The latest estimate for the population of Arabia whole of this part of Arabia is still unoccupied.

is seven million. Probably not more than one This comes as a challenge to the Church of Christ.

million of this population are in any sense touched Everything else seems to have found its way into by present-day missionary effort. During the past this part of Arabia, except the Gospel. twenty years the population has doubtless increased. Tribal warfare is no longer as common The first big town is Shibam, standing four-square beas it was in the Nineteenth Century. Health con- tween high walls on a slight rise ~n the ~adi. bed ne.ar the southern cliff. The first and dIstant VIew IS suprls- ditions have improved, especially in mandated ter- ing enough, but a closer inspection shows th.at the need ritories, and through the influence of mission hos- for protection can make houses grow tall q.'llte as effecpitals. We sometimes fail to estimate the educa- tively as high ground rents. W~en one conSIders ~hat the tional v,alue of such medical work in spreading houses are mostly built of mud It seems an amazmg f~at knowledge of elementary hygiene. to design them to withstand the weight of seven stones.

As an indication of the wealth of these towns the Bents The exploration and mapping of the Arabian mention in their book that the Sultan of Shibam's father peninsula has made vast strides during and since had left eleven million rupees to be divided among his the World War. When Hogarth wrote his book, numel'OUS family. The present Sultan's castle is a fine "The Penetration of Arabia," there were still large areas unexplored and unmapped. Since the building standing in extensive date gardens. The next big town, Saiwun, is a complete contrast, for although it is surrounded by a wall much of t~e toW?

time of Doughty the work of men like Lawrence, straggles outside it, and comfortable country VIllas he Shakespeare, Cheeseman, Rutter, Philby, and last but not least, Bertram Thomas, have given us a dotted among the date palms. . . . picture of Arabia and its inhabitants with very From the air, Tarim, with its neighboring villages, comes few gaps remaining. In this respect, Arabia is no longer neglected. close to Saiwun as the largest town in the Hadhramaut, and it is certainly situated in the most attractive sur- Recently word has come of a special expedition roundings. Outside one of the big hous~s one is qu.ite to explore Hadhramaut and the recent Air Recon- likely to see a motor car, which seems odd m a town WhICh naissance of Hadhramaut of which an account is has never been visited by a European. In recent years the demand for cars has been growing, and we were told in Makalla that there are now some fifty or sixty in the Hadhramaut. They are taken to pieces at Makalla, trans- given in the Geographical J oU?'nal leaves the im- ported by camel across the mountains, and re-erected on pression that scarcely anything remains to be dis- arrival. Although the going may be soft there do not covered. R. A. Cochran, the leader of the squad- appear to be any serious obstacles in the way of driving ron which surveyed this part of South Arabia, a car anywhere in the inhabited portion of the Hadhra- maut.

[105]

Is it not a tragedy and a rebuke to read that in and his pupils. But vaccination, as a protection this part of Arabia young Chinese girls are still against smallpox, has spread widely throughout imported as slaves by the wealthy classes and are Bahrain, Kuwait, and the Hasa, and, thanks to then "converted" to Islam? When the African the efforts of King Aziz, has made headway in slave-trade was interfered with by British gun- Nejd and in the Hejaz." boats, this white-slave traffic apparently took its place. There are also many thousands of male It is astonishing that the Minister of Ibn and female Negro slaves in HadhramauU Saoud's Government should pay such high tribute to the work of the American Mission before a The Province of Yemen, the whole of Central distinguished audience in London. Arabia and the Province of Hejaz are still unoccupied mission ter:ritory. King Ibn Saoud has his In his recent book "Alarms and Excursions in own Minister in London, Sheikh Hafidh Wahba, Arabia" Bertram Thomas describes the condition who actually lectured to the Royal Asiatic Society of the tribes in northern and western Oman. No in April last. We are told that, after paying a one can fail to read between the lines the despetribute to all those who braved the hardships and rate needs of these people for medical missions, dangers of travel in Arabia, and mentioning in for education, and for the Gospel. He describes particular the feat of Bertram Thomas in crossing their religious and superstitious practices as the Rab' al Khali, he stated that the modern king- largely animistic, tells how they make medical use dom of Nejd extended from Najran in the south of the Koran, which he calls "the holy pharmacoto Wadi Sirhan and the Salt Villages in the north, poeia of Oman," and how they offer oblations to and from the Persian Gulf in the east to the bor- demons and spirits. ders of the Hejaz in the west–a much greater area than the word "Nejd" originally applied. He If it is true, as Livingstone asserted, that "the described present conditions in the Nejd, stating end of the geographical feat is the beginning of that the population is approximately three mil- the missionary enterprise," then Arabia is still lion, divided into town-dwellers-merchants or neglected in the distribution of the Bread of Life. agriculturists-and Bedawin, who are content to Nothing emphasizes more the need of Arabia for lead a nomadic life and to tend cattle. The town- the Gospel today than 'the astonishing changes dweller is usually more faithful and more intelli- that have taken place in the matter of communigent than the bedu. King Ibn Saoud has resolved cations. The land of the camel has become the to change the life of the Bedawin and to make it land of the motor car. At the beginning of the more orderly and fruitful. To this end he has twentieth century there were no railways or highfounded villages wherever w:ater exists and has ways in the whole country. During the first ordered the Bedawin to dwell therein. To each decade Medina was linked to Damascus and a survillage he has appointed a man of learning, to vey made for a railroad to Mecca which has not teach the people their religion and to explain to yet been completed. During the World War a them their duty towards God, towards the King short railway was constructed between Aden and Lahaj. Aeroplanes have become familiar to the and towards their fellow beings. As a result, the dwellers in the desert and the present King of Arabia has a royal air force. rfelegraph.and teletribes have become so transformed as to be united phone lines, not to speak of wireless stations, contogether in a brotherly love, which earned for nect Mecca with the coast and Baghdad with the interior. Motor cars first came to West Arabia in them the name of Ikhwan, or "Brethren." Such is 1919. Now there is a good road between Jiddah and Mecca, and over one thousand passenger cars the picture painted by a native Sheikh. and buses are registered in the Hejaz. According to "The Near East and India," from Besides the regular route-Beirut to Damascus, which we gather this report, "the lecturer said thence due eastward to Rutbah Wells and to Ramthat the credit for introducing medical treatment adi, and along the Euphrates River to Baghdad- on modern lines in Kuwait, Basrah, and Bahrain the latter city is also accessible to Mediterranean was due to American Missions; in Nejd, to King Ibn Saoud; and in the Hejaz and the Yemen, to ports by a route beginning at Aleppo, Syria, and the Turks. But it is in the sphere of surgery, proceeding via Deir-ez-Zor·to Baghdad. exclusively, that the Arabs have made use of modern science-during the last twenty years or Every year the motor car is penetrating farther so. In the sphere of medicine, the Arabs have into neglected Arabia. Communications between scarcely recognized any merit in modern methods of treatment. The overwhelming majority still re- every part of the Peninsula were never so rapid sort to herbs and rely on the methods of Avicenna and universal. The Arabic press from Cairo, Bei- 1 Lady Kathleen'. "Slavery," pp. 49-46 (London, 1930). rut, Damascus, and Baghdad also reaches every part of the Peninsula. Surely all this is a chal- lenge to hasten the work of evangelization.

Ways of

'fested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~,~~~~~~~~~~~~.~ MISSIONARY EDUCATION How It Was Born way from the appropriate study THROUGH After a time-honored tradi- books of the Missionary Educa- COMPETITIVE READING tion, it owed its birth and early tion Movement to volumes of standard fiction incorporating One of the puzzling problems nurture to the women! For a:d- missionary values, such as "A ministrative purposes, the mIS- Lantern in Her Hand," "Heirs," confronting all mission boards sionary field of the Northern "Red Rust," "Giants in the today is how to readj ust pro- Baptist Church is divided into Earth," etc. For instance, the ten geographical districts. Some motional plans to meet changed years 'back, the women's ~ro?ps home mission portion of the in several of these dIstrIcts conditions. Crusading; double- evolved their own competitive World-Wide Guild list for the quickstep slogans like "The Gos- plans for missionary reading. current year includes "The Chal- lenge of Change," "God and the pel to the Whole World in Twen- pLaartte~r ent hteonf eMwliyssioorngaarnyizEedd~cDae­- ty-five Years" (as in 1816), and Census" "The Adventures of tion was asked to grade, prmt, Mr. F;iend" "Roving with the "The Evangelization of the promote and make national these Migrants," '''Rural Religion and plans which, in the natural evo- World in This Generation" (in lution of a successful movement, the Country Church," "Steeples had become church-wide. At among the Hills:' and '~~he 1888) awakened an expectation present the women's national Laughingest Lady.' .In addItIon which failing of fulfillment, has boards' coope.rate in that they to this there are specIal books on name members to serve on the foreign missions, also inspirareacted in decreased interest and general committee and furnish tional and peace and prohibition the annual awards, but the ad- literature. In each case the comfinancial support. Due to a bet- ministration is in the hands of plete sets or "libraries" may be ter understanding of fundamen- the Board of Education, with purchased outright or built up the church as the local unit. locally by separate purchas~ or tal conditions and also of the gift. Not infrequently varI~us members of the church are wIllmagnitude of the task involved, we are lately glimpsing a new ing to donate volumes for the eiddeuacl~tivoinz., that of specialized (beginning in early youth if possible), as an im- petus'to the world-wide enterprise. Though its prospect ~f achievement is more remote, thIS cumulative building of the sevintensive cultivation of intelli- The Way It Works eral libraries. Miss May Husgence and interest would seem to promise better success. It A list of standard educational ton Associate Secretary of the gears itself up with present day and inspirational missionary Department of Missionary Eduthought and processes and con- books, together with a digest of cation, says: "While not all the stantly gains momentum as it their contents, is brought out books are interesting alike to all advances. each year by the national com- the churches, the diversity is Doubtless every denomination mittee in time for April distribu- such that many letters come to is making its own attempts along tion. These lists are carefully the office telling how much the this line, and the perfect plan- graded and include (1) an Adult readers have enjoyed them. The if such a thing is ever realizable Division for men and women; publishers have become anxi?us -would be a synthesis rather (2) a Young People's Division to have their books on our hsts than a selection; hence it is of with separate sec t ion s for and sometimes even ask us to World-Wide Guilds ('teen age read their manuscripts in adprime value to familiarize our- vance, making their accepta~ce selves with what our denomina- girls), Royal A mba s sad 0 r s of a book depend on our promIse tional neighbors are doing. The (,teen age boys), the Baptist Reading Contest Plan of the to use it in our contest list. The Baptist Board of Education Young People's Union and Bap- publication of good missionary bears its own credentials of eleven years' usage, and may be tist Christian Endeavor groups; books is increasing as a result of the reading program of the vari- (3) a Children's Group inclusive of the Children's World Crusade ous denominations."

and the Junior Societies. The found suggestive by other plan- subject matter is suitably varied Numerical credit values are ning boards. in each section, ranging all the attached to the several volumes [107]

in a list. In general, study books dent membership of the churches to twenty-five points on the Cercount 10 points, other books 5, in the district. In addition to tificate of Missionary Education MISSIONS (the Baptist mission- this, local, associational and issued by the Department of ary monthly) receives 10 points state prizes are given; also spe- Missionary Education. Of the for each issue, and each number cial awards in the several guilds five books, not more than two of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF cooperating, all on the basis of should be Bible books, the latter THE WORLD counts 5. It is note- the credit points of the national being included in each year's worthy that THE REVIEW is the contest. For illustration, in the list, for all groups. only magazine outside of Baptist World-Wide Guild contest, chappublication included in the con- ters qualifying by having five Competition for these awards test list. books read individually (group is keen, districts and their sub- reading not allowed) by every divisions vying with each other The reading list of each new member of the chapter-two in the accumulation of credit year is added to the total of all home, two foreign and one in- points. As all departments of preceding years; so this huge spirational, will receive for the the local church contribute tomissionary snowball goes on ward its grand total, wonderful rolling, new readers of the old first year a sepia print of Hoff- teamwork and a fine spirit of books acquiring the credit points man's "Head of Christ"; for the group cooperation develops. In the same as in the case of vol- second year, Plockhorst's "The a recent letter to the writer, umes for the current year. Good Shepherd"; for the third Miss Huston says: year, Raphael's "Sistine Madon- Organizational Machinery na"; for the fourth year, "The When the department first took over Madonna of the Chair"; for the this work there was a question in our A Contest Secretary is ap- fifth year, HoI man Hunt's minds whether the reading would inpointed in every cooperating "Light of the World" etc., terfere with the study program. As church. This person (usually a through a period of twelve suc- there has also been an increase in woman) promotes the plans in cessive years. Adults reading the number of study classes during the all departments, though the as- the Junior missionary books to years, we have decided that it has sistance of a committee is usual- the children are credited with helped rather than retarded that phase ly necessary in the I a r g e r the same number of points as are of the work. Another thing which we churches. Contest Secretaries given to the children. In the Pri- questioned was the wisdom of countreport to Associational Secreta- mary and Nursery grades, the ing points and giving a prize. This ries charged with the work, and children only receive the credit. however, seemed to be stimulating inthese, in turn, report to State While it is recommended that terest and certainly the circulation of Secretaries, the latter sending readers follow the same list new books which constituted the prize their reports to the Associate throughout, books in one graded would do good. We have found that Secretary of the Department of list may usually be substituted many of the states and even associa- Missionary Education for publi- for those in another. Churches tion groups have given books as prizes cation in the annual handbook. reaching the higher standard of to churches which have done special Of course this machinery works five per cent of their resident equally well from above down- membership reading five mis- work, and this also has added to the ward, for all promotional pur- sionary books each are entitled poses. It may be added that the circulation of missionary books. The regular organizational machinery of national, district, state steady gain has seemed to be the most and local agencies is ably supplemented by the staff of 1,666 vol- encouraging feature about it. unteer workers in the department, making continuous efforts A Peep Into the "Works" to get the latest plans, methods and materials across to the To continue with Miss Huschurches. Well frained, though ton: unsalaried, many of these workers exercise initiative and roll up In the local church a vigorous readresults not always paralleled by ing program usually starts with the salaried officials. appointment of a woman to head up the work. I always instruct them to Prizes and Awards make an inventory of the books al- ready in the church or Sunday School A prize of five traveling libra- library, find out what listed books are ries of ten books each is awarded available in the homes of the members by the Women's Home and For- and make a visit to the public library eign Boards to the districts se- to find what volumes are available curing the largest number of there. Members of the church often points in proportion to the resi- contribute books from their private li- braries in order to make them avail- able for the whole church.

It is very important to make new books available to the readers. This can be done in a number of ways. Probably the women's societies are re- sponsible for buying more of the new books than anyone else, inasmuch as they feel responsibility for furnishing the young women and children with interesting material; but organized Sunday School classes or Sunday Schools themselves often vote money for this purpose. Individuals are en-

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

listed and in some cases an amount is Figures, like actions, "speak The Sunday School Missionary regularly put into the church budget for this purpo!>e. louder than words." Surely the Ladder. For a ladder-climbing plan has approved itself. it ably contest, have a carpenter make a After the books are secured, various methods are adopted for keeping real ladder of 10 or more rungs. the records. It will be readily recog- supplements and extends those Place it in the Sunday School. nized that unless some one is on the of the Missionary Education job continually, the books will be scat- Movement, in which twenty-two Put the name of one book on tered in different homes and lost track denominations are now cooperat- each rung. As a book is read, of or will remain in the library with- ing. Incidentally it may be statout much use. Both of these things the name of the reader is placed must be avoided. The Reading Con- ed that Baptists are the second test Secretary must know where the largest users of the United on a tag and attached to that books are and keep records of th" Study books. rung. The one who climbs the ladder first is the one who has readers. Some use posters on which read all the books first. If a they place a star of some color for the reading of single books and pos- A Glimpse Through the Field prize is announced, give a missibly a gold star for those who have Glass sionary book.

read five books. In the case of one One of our leading missionary The Circle Race Up the Steps. church there was a contest between adults and the younger groups, includ- administrators recently stated Have a simple, manila-pa-r>er ing young people and juniors, but the sketch of a broad flight of steps reports were brought in at the mis- that provincialism and lack of on which are poised, lightly perspective constitute the greatsionary meeting once each month. est world-wide problem the gummed, pictures of jauntily They had a thermometer drawn on Church has to face today. A dressed women (cut from fash- cardboard with the number of points marked off by thousands, and made deeper understanding of the ion plates) bearing on their the red lines with crayons as the vari- other great ethnic faiths is absoous reports came in. This church en- lutely necessary for an adequate backs the names or numbers of tered into the reading program with conception of the missionary the several circles into which the great interest for a year and followed woman's society is divided, and it with a much better educational pro- task-yes, and a confidence, born which are in competition for gram than they had previously ever of intimate knowledge, that the "points" gained in missionary thought of having. Christian message holds its su- reading, each step representing premacy in meeting the most di- There are, of course, some things a definite advance in points. which are not ideal. We try to keep Great excitement prevails at people from reading merely for the verse needs. In this crucial pe- each monthly meeting to see sake of reporting points. We realize riod of inflamed race prejudice "how far up our circle has gone." The one reaching the top a church which is striving for a record and rampant nationalism, the may err along this line. time is ripe to activate the mes- "The Proof of the Pudding" sage of the Master that all men first may receive her choice of a are potentially brothers and book from the reading list. Realizing that the intangible results which it is impossible to must learn to live together. Our Dramatizing the Reading List. tabulate are often the most po- program, though broad, is not The Contest Secretary enters tent, we may yet gain an ap- yet big enough for the condi- dressed in cap and gown and proximate idea of the working tions. We must have more in- carrying an armful of the curefficiency of this plan by com- telligence as to actual conditions. rent books on which she is mediparative statistics over a period It is our conviction that the re- tating. She paces the platform of eight years, some of the earli- cent move for church-wide miser details being incomplete. sionary education is the most im- in a brown study, thinkiIl4J portant advance in our genera- aloud. Presently her dreams Persons reading 5 tion, and it is calculated to go are materialized, as she calls far toward halting current re- reminiscently for "Peter, Bingo Year missionary books cessions in both interest and con- and Those Others" (Edward 1922-1923 .. , …. … 6,262 tributions. Seaman)-and in from a side room runs a little five-year- 1923-1924 ………. 7,888 A POTPOURRI OF PROMO- old leading his rollicking collie TIONAL PLANS dog, this brief dialog ensuing: 1924-1925 ………. 10,143 "I'm so glad to see you, Peter, Well-seasoned met hod s for and your dog, too. (Shakes hands 1925-1926 ………. 21,319 1926-1927 ………. 35,994 1927-1928 ………. 44,102 1929-1930 ………. 51,462 1930-1931 ………. 59,387 This table does not include popularizing missionary litera- with both.) That was a fine those who read less than five ture are herein assembled from thing you did in your book. How books per year. In 1925-1926, a wide range of denominational did you become willing to sell there were 82,483 readers of at sources, with the assurance that your dog?" least one book reported, 260,053 most of them are available with Peter: "0, I just knew the books read and 3,324,786 points other subject matter and in all Bishop needed money and I had reported. In 1930-1931, the num- departments of church life. RE- none, so I did the only thing I ber of readers had increased to MEMBER THAT EYE-GATE HAS. could think of to get some for 199,620, the number of books No NEAR COMPETITOR AS A PORT him. I sold my dog." (Exit read to 1,077,432, and the num- OF ENTRY TO THE CITY OF UN- Peter and his collie.) ber of points won to 9,131,744. DERSTANDING. Similarly the secretary sum-

mons a young college man to im- Around Our Library Table, or salt of the earth; two level teapersonate and review "Larry" The Animated Catalogue. The spoonfuls Literature Subscrip- (by Himself) ; a young married former consists of a series of tion Plan ($1.00 per'year bring- brief reviews of the best miswoman for "Heirs" (Cannon); sionary books, given by a circle ing all the new leaflets as they a real Salvation Army lass to de- of good "reporters" sit tin g scribe and emphasize "God in come from a certain denominathe Slums" (Redwood), etc. As around a literature-filled table a close, this highly imaginative and brought into action by the tional press); one cup proper secretary tells where all the librarian (leader). The latter js books may be obtained. The the same plan with a more imag- circulation of saine; one cup finecircle leaders having them in ly chopped reading; two eggscharge were simply swamped inative touch, the various publi- subscription to THE REVIEW. with applications, especially for cations coming to life and speak- Cream thoroughly first five in- "Peter." ing in the first person, as, "I gredients. Add Literature Sub- scription Plan. Then whip in Contest Devices. S t ret c h a represent the experiences of a the circulation and reading (as wire about six feet long on one real worker in the slums" etc. cake would fall flat without side of the room, goals being these) ; fold in the SUbscriptions The literature thus exploited to THE REVIEW; flavor with in- should "sell itself" (or loan it- spiration from Bible reading. Bake in executive committee self) at the close of the meeting.

marked at intervals for books A Grab-Bag Review. Publica- meeting. Cover top and sides read. Gay automobiles cut from tions passed around at the close with icing as follows: One teamagazines and bearing individ- of one meeting and drawn, hit spoonful eI).ergy, four tableual readers' names are attached or miss, from an attractive bag, spoonfuls keen thinking; add disto the wire by means of gummed are studied and reviewed by cussion; spread, then sprinkle (Dennison) hooks at the back, their several recipients at the generously with devotion." At and moved along in accord with next meeting. this point sample the cake by as- their owners' progress. Story Hour in the Mission suming to cut it, then serve some Circle. An occasional meeting at of its contents by having spicy Draw on a large sheet of card- which the best missionary narboard a sketch of a leafless tree, ratives, with or without camp- reviews of new literature taken fire device, are given by good from the interior of the cake. the trunk being named for the Such reviews must have been society, each branch for a group narrators. well prepared and "baked" beor circle therein and each twig forehand. This device is an atfor a member. As books are tractive one for an entire pro- gram featuring new study and read, attach to the reader's twig Inverted Birthday Gifts. This reading books as well as leaflets. a bright leaf cut from crepe is a good plan in the assembling "Samples" may well be passed paper. around for purchase or home of a missionary reading list or reading. Choose sides and have a study book question contest, the losing library. Have a list of the birth- Stimulating the Reports from side paying into the treasury a days of the membership. When Children certain amount to expend on each person's natal day comes next year's study books. As a rule, children are care- around, instead of receiving less as to reporting credits for "A penny for your thoughts." gifts, the person makes one to books read. This device has been l1ivide into sides. Have a deco- found excellent: Add a cardrated box or child's bank into the mission circle, guild or other board handle to an ordinary which a penny is dropped for group, a missionary book of ap- flower basket mounted on cardeach book read by that side, the resulting fund being expended proved character or from a desfor more books. ignated list being required. In- cidentally, the reaction is good for the donor.

Pin questions on the study Recipe for a Delicious Litera- board backing in such a way that book chapter under considera- ture Cake. A Mission Study the top is open enough to slip tion, on the backs of the mem- Caterer gives a bright, snappy flowers in. Make a cardboard bers and have them circulate talk incorporating the ingredi- flower for each member of the freely during the social hour. ents as she describes the cake- group, writing her name on the No woman may be seated for re- illustrated by a large imitation stem and pasting her kodak picfreshments until she has been one made up with gold and white ture or a head cut from a maga- able to answer and so unpin at tissue paper, etc., in imitation of zine, in the heart of the flower. least one question from some frosted gold cake. "One-third A petal is added for each book of a cup of oil on troubled wa- read. Boys do not care especialone's back. Have a review of one book on ters; three-fourths cup of hu- ly for flowers, so each lad is inthe reading list given in the man kindness; one and one-half structed to make his own quiver opening exercises at each pro- cup s of 'flowers – while – the- (tinting it with brown crayon to gram meeting. In this way at friends-yet-live' ; two cups syrup resemble bark) into which he least ten books are presented in of remembrance of missionary may stick an arrow for each vol- workers; one-half teaspoonful ume read. outline each year.

Women's Home and Foreign

HELEN M. BruCKMAN, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK; COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK; FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA '''l1li OUR RED BROTHERS "paternalistic policy" took away We neglect to distinguish be- A Study in Contrasts natural incentive. What man is tween those who do cling to the going to work for food and By Jennie Cartland Callister clothing when it will fall into his past, to the ceremonies of their lap if he waits for it? This One who makes any serious policy led to what has been called tribes, and the Indians who think study of the American Indians "the lethargy of expectancy." is struck by the fact that it is a Do we not owe to these less in- of themselves as American citistudy in contrasts. Whatever teresting tribes an even greater phase of life is considered, one zens and have grown away from finds these striking contrasts. debt? the primitive customs of their Too much has been said in the Many of us forget that there past about the few wealthy In- were different types of Indians people. dians, so that uninformed peo- in this country when the white ple will say in all sincerity, man came, Indian nations with There is much which is pictur- "Why, I thought the Indians, entirely different habits of life were rich-from oil." The in- and thought. Many were,and esque and beautiful in the old come of those who suddenly be- some still are, as different as came wealthy some years ago is Englishmen and Frenchmen. It customs of some tribes. Take, decreasing year by year and it is is interesting to know that some a question whether the last state of them do not think of them- for example, the "Green Corn of those Indians will not be selves as "Indians" but acknowl- Feast" of the Senecas. It is worse than the first. With edge only their tribal name. Mr. really a thanksgiving ceremony, neither experience nor training Lindquist tells a story which though it is celebrated in August in the use of money, they have illustrates this. He was visiting and lasts four days. They bring been the prey not only of un- an Indian school. The superin- the best of their fruits, grains scrupulous whites but of their tendent introduced him as one and vegetables, which are piled own foolish fancies and baser who had for years been inter- around a beautiful oak tree in a emotions so that wealth, which ested in Indians. The boys large space surrounded by high we usually consider a blessing, looked at each other blankly, bluffs. Here the ceremonies take has to most of them been a then one of them said, "Does he place-the enumerating of all curse. mean Choctaw?" their blessings, the naming and blessing of the babies by the In contrast to the very few As various tribes were pushed chief, the dances with their difwealthy Indians are the great from the places that the white ferent phases-friendship, sunmajority, so poor that life is at man wanted, they were eventu- shine and growing things. Then best merely a precarious exist- ally located near to each other- the products of their fields and ence. There is nothing of the in Oklahoma, especially. Though gardens are given away, their romantic we so like to associate they had inherited not only dif- best! (Many of the Senecas are with Indians to be found in these ferent languages and thought very poor.) groups. Dirty, diseased and dis- "patterns" and also, in some couraged, they are far from pic- cases, tribal feuds that had last- We like to hear about these turesque. Many people, some ed for generations, they were interesting customs. The danger Christians, refuse to accept any expected to adjust themselves to is that we shall expect, if not responsibility for such as these, these difficulties and at the same demand, the picturesque, forgetmerely shrugging aside the time to adopt the white man's ting that we are now training whole matter by calling them civilization. What a task to thrust Indian young people, the leaders "shiftless and lazy" ! Who made upon a primitive people! Some of tomorrow, to take their places them so? Who took away their of them have clung tenaciously in our civilization. Sometimes natural economic basis of living? to the customs of their ancestors, we ask young Indians who have The original attempts of the while others are practically as- never in their lives worn clothgovernment to right the wrong similated into our civilization; ing essentially different from only made matters worse. The And that leads us to another of ours, to don "war bonnets" and the contrasts. beaded suits for our entertain- ment. If we do this for publicity purposes, we should at least rec- ognize the fact that it may be quite as much "out of character" for them as it would be for us to appear in the garb of our Puritan or Pilgrim ancestors!

[111]

Would that more of us could ed. This is a splendid interde- child feeding and the care of appreciate the situation in which nominational project that we can women and children. Health and the young Indians find them- carry on hand in hand, thus giv- body clinics emphasize the pre- selves today! They are caught ing Christian leadership to the vention of diseases as well as its between two civilizations, each Indian boys and girls who need cure. with its pull on their lives, and guidance and who need love. in many circumstances the two Union Medical School, VeIlore, influences are pulling in exactly WOMEN'S UNION COLLEGES India. This school, built up opposite directions. Consider the IN THE ORIENT through years of hard work, is case of a young girl who goes The story of the seven Union a monument to the splendid efhome from boarding school for Christian Colleges of the Orient fort of Dr. Ida 'Scudder, who is vacation to find that her rela- still the guiding spirit of the tives have arranged for her mar- is well known to the women of -institution. A hospital and dis- America who have followed with pensary in Vellore are part of riage to someone whom she does interest the organization of the its program, which includes a not even know. Respect for par- colleges, five of them during war nurses' training school and an ents and grandparents is a car- years and two as they have de- out-patient department, wit h dinal virtue in some tribes. Great veloped from high schools and roadside clinics for forty miles pressure is brought to bear. post-graduate high schools over in every direction from VeHore. Shall she yield 1 If she does, it a period of twenty-five years. Some new buildings have been will probably mean the end of The story of the campaign, built and more are in the process her hope of becoming a "real when the women of America of construction. American citizen." Some girls raised two million dollars and run away from the dilemma, only claimed a third million from the Isabella Tho burn College, Luckto face other and, in some cases, Laura S p e 11 man Rockefeller now, India. This college is the fund to secure buildings and oldest woman's college in all of worse difficulties. equipment for these colleges, is Asia and its standing is unques- equally familiar. The years have tioned throughout North India. Constantly our young Indians passed, the buildings have been It has government recognition, must make choices. White lead- built, the colleges have increased as the woman's college connected ers need sympathetic insight in in enrollment, have broadened in with the University of Lucknow guiding them during these criti- scope and have been strength- and the women of Isabella Thocal years when "they have lost ened by the leadership they have burn vie for honors with the much of the old Indian culture produced. men of the university and in the without having fully assimilated majority of cases come out with white standards." Let us not Ginling College, Nan kin g , the lion's share. lose sight of the fact that there China. Dr. Yi-Fang Wu, the new is something of the Indian cul- president, a graduate of Ginling, Woman's Christian College, ture worth saving. The young who took her master's and doc- Madras, India. This college has people should be encouraged to tor's degrees at the University perhaps the most beautiful setfeel that theirs is a noble race of Michigan, is doing an out- ting, with trees, gardens a~d with a real contribution to make standing piece of work not only stately buildings. The chapel IS at Ginling, where she has won to our American life. the confidence of both faculty in itself a real mosaic. and students, but in government Here again the students vie Among those who have caught educational circles, where her a vision for these young people position is established and her for honors with the men stuand are trying to help them real- counsels valued. dents of the University of Maize it, are the Religious Work dras. A strong science depart- Directors of the Government Yenching College, P e i pin g , ment gives adequate preparation Boarding Schools. Not long ago China. Here many new experi- for students planning to go into a list of questions was sent to ments in ,education are being medicine. Homemakers receive these directors, among them this tried out and much research excellent training, and already one, "What seems to you to be work done on which the future this college is responsible for the the outstanding need of the boys education in China will be built. establishment of St. Christoand girls 1" One director an- T h r 0 ugh the Department of pher's College, which speci!lJ~zes swered, "Someone to love them." Home Economics, homemakers in all grades of teacher trammg. and teachers of homemaking are Someone to love them! Can't being trained. Religion and so- Women's Christian College, we love them, the lovely and the cial service occupy a prominent Tokyo, Japan. Over four hununlovely, the picturesque and the place in the college curriculum. dred students are enrolled this year in the Women's College of prosaic1 Most of us will have to do it at "long range," but one Japan, and the faculty, c?nsistway that we can show we do ing of about seventy full-tIme or care is to keep the Religious Work Directors in the schools Shantung University, Tsinan, part-time teachers, i~cludes onl~ where we now have them and China. Our interest here is cen- six Americans. PresIdent Yasul make it possible to place more tered around the training of is the outstanding woman eduwhere they are desperately need- women doctors who specialize in cator of Japan and a strong

WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

Christian influence in the college. fessional Women, W.C.T.U., the the Women's International Or- The students are living out the National Committee on the Cause ganizations, functioning in Gecollege motto of "Sacrifice and and Cure of War, International neva close to the League's Sec- Service" in their work for the Association of University Wom- retariat, has an immense task in less fortunate children of Tokyo. en and International Women's informing its member organiza- The graduates 0 c cup y many Cooperative Guild are the eleven tions how women may best coprominent positions in schools organizations which have united operate in making the Disarmaand in altruistic fields. A new in the formation of this commit- ment Conference a success. administration building has just tee for the purpose of promoting been completed and the most the success of the World Dis- Here is a great call to strenupressing need now is for a armament Conference. This com- ous effort. Disarmament is rechapel. mittee has its headquarters at quired not only to prevent actual Geneva, and its aim is to stimu- war but to direct enormous, non- There are many union institu- late and to concentrate the work productive, destructive expenditions in the Orient, but these for disarmament which women tures into productive, construcseven are the institutions in are carrying on throughout the tive channels. Let us not only which the great body of church world with such earnestness and rid ourselves of war, but of prepwomen of America have cen- zeal. Thus it represents many arations for war. Sign disarmatered their interest over a period millions of women of all nations, ment petitions; join an organiof many years. The need con- for whom the question of dis- zation which keeps you informed tinues and the task grows. More armament is one of the most im- of what you can do; read the responsibility is taken nationally portant the world has ever had newspapers; attend meetings; in China, India and Japan, and to consider. study the difficult issues; realize close examination shows that the that you are a citizen and let individual student in most cases At its first meeting in Septem- your government know how you bears about the same share of ber, 1931, the committee passed feel; and send a contribution, the expense of her education as the following resolution, which however small, to the Disarmadoes her American sister. En- was sent to the delegates of the ment Committee of the Women's dowments are lacking, and this League Assembly: International Organizations, 2, fact increases the amount needed Rue Daniel-Colladon, 2, Geneva to meet the current budget and The great international organiza- (Switzerland) to help carryon makes help from over the water tions of women assembled at a meet- its work effectively. ing of their special committee for imperative. united action in support of disarma- INTERNATIONAL EXHIBIT ment, beg to express their whole- And so we, whose daughters hearted support of the forthcoming An International Exhibit has partake of the educational feast Disarmament Conference and their been opened at 746 Fifth Avespread out by a thousand col- earnest desire for its success. They nue, New York City. leges, reach out in love and pledge themselves, by every means in friendship to our sisters across their power, to help in organizing the The store which has been given the sea, and through these seven vast and growing public opinion in for this exhibit is most attraccolleges for women give to them favor of the Conference and of the tively and effectively decorated some of the opportunities for the realization of the world-wide cry for and arranged as a center of indevelopment of Christian leader- disarmament and security. formation on the Conference for ship, the training of mind and the Limitation and Reduction of body which have been given to Women demand disarmament Armaments and questions reus and to those we love. and, as a first step, they ask for lated to it. an effective reduction of arma- DISARMAMENT COMMITTEE ments. At the same time they Pamphlets, periodicals, books OF THE WOMEN'S INTERNA- are convinced that the first arms and posters dealing with current to lay down are hatred and sus- international affairs and the Dis- TIONAL ORGANIZATIONS picion. It is with inner moral armament Conference as well as disarmament that one has to economic interdependence are on The Disarmament Committee begin. Women are specially quali- sale. Expert advice on literature, of the Women's International fied for this task, and it can be exhibit material and special pro- Organizations rep res en ts the their greatest contribution to the grams for club groups is availgreatest concerted action that work of disarmament. able. There is a children's corner women have ever undertaken. with suggestions for books and The International Council of A great impetus to the effort handcraft. Industrial exhibits Women, Universal Alliance of of women was given by the Span- are being displayed by many the Y. W. C. A., International Al- ish resolution adopted by the As- leading corporations, showing liance of Women for Suffrage sembly on September 24, 1931, the international scope of the and Equal Citizenship, Women's requesting "the Council to exam- work. International League for Peace ine the possibility of increasing and Freedom, World Woman's the collaboration of women in A center of this sort can be of Peace Union, European Union of the work of the League of Na- great educational value and a Soroptimist Clubs, International tions. This has special bearing' real aid in the creation of inter- Federation of Business and Pro- on the Disarmament Conference. est in world peace. The Disarmament Committee of

THE KINGDOM OF GOD people signed cards as inquirers. The following are some of the CAMPAIGN by-products of the movement to Some of these meetings were date: By William Axling Secretary of the National Chris- really monster meetings with It has created among the Christian forces of the Empire tian Council of Japan the attendance running as high a spirit of cooperation .and soli- darity which did not eXIst before The Kingdom of God Cam- as 2,000 at a single service. the movement was launched. paign starte~ its .sec?nd year The ninety district committees with four maJor obJectIves. Third: The third objective has that have been organized under its auspices have brought the First: Through the holding been to project the movement Christians of the cities and of of Training Conferences for the provinces in which these Christians to mobilize for the into the neglected rural area by committees are functioning into movement the laity of the church very close working relations and and to train them for active promoting and conducting Peas- given them a new consciousness participation in the movement. of the fact that they are one, ant Gospel Schools. As a pro- with a common Lord, a common With this in view two mass Gospel and a common goal. training conferences were held motional measure a conference early in the year, one in Tokyo Another by-product of the for the area including Tokyo and for the training of people to con- movement has been a broadenthe territory to the north and ing of the vision ?~ those. wl,lo one at Nara for the Osaka- duct Peasant Gospel Schools was have actively partICIpated mIt, Kyoto-Kobe district and the sur- and a re-interpretation of their rounding territory. One thou- held in Tokyo in April. Over task in terms of a more practical sand four hundred and fifty lay- Gospel and a Christiani.ty apmen and lay-women attended 100 delegates, most of them of- plied to the problems whIch are these conferences. These dele- distressing our modern world. gates were sent by the churches ficially appointed by the denomiin the areas covered by the con- An 0 the r far-reaching byference and have proved a tre- nation with which they are con- product has been the creation mendous force in creating inter- among the Christians of other est in the campaign in their re- nected, attended this conference. nations of a new interest in the spective churches and localities. Christian movement in this land Such Christian rural special- and especially a new interest in Following these two mass con- the progress of the indig~no~s ferences, con fer e n c e s of a ists as Messrs. Sugiyama, Kuri- Christian Church here whIch IS similar character have been held fast reaching full manhood. in a great many of the provinces bara, Mas s a k i, Kurabayashi, of the Empire, with representa- Letters come from all quarters tives from all of the churches in Yabe, Takizawa and Kagawa, of the world expressing a deep the province in attendance. interest in this Kingdom of God out of their own experience Campaign, assuring us of the Second: Another objective has prayers of a large number of been that of continuing the mass placed before these delegates the people in the various nations and evangelistic m e e tin g s which asking for information to pass were started last year. Dr. Kaga- purpose, the technique, the on to many who are eager to wa of course, has been the cen- know how the movement is trai figure in this particular course of study and other mat- progressing. p has e of the movement, but there have been a large number ters pertaining to the conduct In a very real sense the Camof pastors, as well as laymen, who all over the Empire have of a successful Gospel School. paign is thus creating not only served as evangels in meetings for the public at large. The Kingdom of God Cam- a new solidarity within the . Statistics have not as yet been paign has also provided speakers Christian forces of the Japanese gathered to cover this phase of the work for the current year, for quite a large number of Empire, but is creating a sense so it is impossible to report the number of meetings held and Peasant Gospel Schools that of sol ida r i t y between the their results. have already been held this year. churches of the west and the Dr. Kagawa covered the Tohoku fairly well and had some However, the movement only churches of this land. wonderful meetings in the Hok- Imido. During the twenty days' provides speakers for Gospel The movement needs your campaign there over 2,000 Schools that are cooperative in constant and passionate prayers.

character; that is, it will not It is packed with large poten- send speakers to schools that are tialities, but only prayer and the under purely denominational work of God's spirit can bring auspices. these to realization.

Fourth: The fourth objective this year is that of following up campaigns that have been held in the past with a view to con- serving their results. Quite a number of such follow-up cam- paigns have been held and each district committee, with this as a goal, is encouraged to put on special meetings for special groups, such as meetings for st~­ dents for educators, for bUSI- ness :nen, for working men, etc.

The Kingdom of God Weekly has held its own both as to cir- culation and content and about 3ev0~0r0y0 copies are published week. The launching of this evangelistic medium and the wide circulation which it has at- tained in so short a time is one of the outstanding achievements of this campaign thus far. Our W orld,Vide Outlook A Missionary N.ewspaper of Cu.rrent Events CHINA They do not have a single blank- packed to its utmost limits every day. et or change of clothing. The Standing room was even at a pre- Wrestling with Flood Perils chill winds will be exceedingly mium, and the addresses were broad- difficult for families with little cast by loud speakers to large audi- A unique factor of a Yangtze children. The entire Christian ences in the courtyard of the church. flood is its duration in time as community over a wide area has It was noteworthy that so many of well as extent in space. It is now been reduced to poverty by those who attended were young laynormal behavior for this great bandits and civil war. All men and women. stream to remain high for four buildings at Kienning have been or five months each year. This at least partially destroyed, and . Following the conference, four evematters little so long as it re- the mission safe, with the deeds mngs devoted to evangelistic work mains below the dike level, as it and accounts, and cash, has been were arranged, admission free. The does in ordinary years, but when looted, reports the pastor of a first of these was held on Sunday in it overflows the dikes and fills church' at Kienning. He lost the Lee Gardens. By the aid of loud all the valley, this slow recession everything he possessed, and speakers, the addresses were audible of the waters extends greatly the started out again in a borrowed in every part of the Gardens. It is estiperiod of distress. This means suit of clothes, to go back to his mated that there must have been fully no winter crops throughout most field and direct the work of res- ten thousand people present, and a of the valley, and the total de- toration. feature was the reverent attitude of struction of almost all buildings -American Board of Commis- all present. standing in water. sioners for Foreign Missions. These gatherings are the biggest of Relief organizations are oper- An Unusual Conference their kind ever held in China. All ating so efficiently now that delegates meet their own expenses, there is no word of actual star- Mrs. Arthur Lindquist, of the while at the same time contributing vation or acute distress, though Swedish American Mission, Can- toward the general expenses. No apthe deaths from disease remain ton, China, reports some most peal is made for funds, and on only high, despite heroic efforts by unusual gatherings for Bible one evening are envelopes distributed the medical services. The gov- study and evangelism. Bible for the free will offerings. ernment has asked medical conferences were held for ten schools to suspend work for days at both Hongkong and Can- A United Church in China three months in order that their ton for the deepening of spiritfaculties and advanced students ual life in the Chinese Church. When the Church of Christ in may be released for work in the These were conducted by the na- China was organized it was a devastated regions. tive Chinese churches. heterogeneous group with vary- ing backgrounds and origins, The hard pull is ahead when Before the first conference representing the work of fourthe coming of winter coincides was held it was felt that if fifty teen missionary societies with with' the exhaustion of local or one hundred teachers, pas- varying systems of church polstocks of grain. It is still too tors, and evange.Iists could be ity. The synods were scattered early for the collection of ac- gathered it would be worth all over China speaking varying curate information as to the while. To the surprise of all dialects and, with the exception totals which will be required. great numbers came in spite of of a very few of the Chinese pas- the terrific heat of midsummer tors and church leaders, were -The Christian Century. in the tropics. very little acquainted with each other. The two triennial meet- Self-forgetfulness and Courage From the South China Morn- ings of the General Assembly ing Post the following para- and these General Workers' Con- "Facing destruction, many graphs refer to the gathering at ferences have created opportunileaders have displayed self-for- Hongkong: ties for the unifying spirit of getfulness and courage. Prac- our Lord to manifest His gratically all the well-to-do families The annual Pooi-Ling Bible Confer- cious work. Out of these assemin our Christian community ~nce, an interdenominational gatherhave been robbed, held for ran- mg arranged by the Protestant a blies and conferences and resom, and forced to pay large churches, aims at the deepening of sums of money. The Director of spiritual life among Christian work- treats there is emerging· Religious Education and his ers. church which is not only united wife are living in the ruins of in name and in aim, but also in their once modern little home. The meetings were marked by pro- spirit and in service. It is a great found interest on the part of the Chi- privilege to see these integrating nese, Saint Paul's Church being forces at work and to observe the process of becoming a [115] church which is spiritually, es- sentially and actually one.

-A. R. Kepler. Bandit Rescues a Missionary are a mass of sentimentality or and a debauchee in spite of his Mr. Lacey Sites, of the Amer- filth. It is time that America excellent education. His sins ican Methodist Mission, Fukien, showed at least as much good brought him to attempted suiwho was taken captive and held judgment as the Chinese. cide and delirium tremens. The for ransom by Chinese bandits Chinese Responsibility bullet missed his brain yet left that infest that province gained him lying for a long time be- his liberty a week later. No The staff of the Protestant tween life and death. A Japanransom money was paid. He Episcopal Mission at Anking is ese pastor led him to the Cross. was rescued by a young bandit almost entirely Chinese. The His deliverance was immediate leader who, with a hundred fol- foreign members are: one bish- and his transformation comlowers, scoured the hills for four op and one foreign priest, one plete. This has so impressed the days in search of the missing doctor and two nurses, two busi- university officials and hospital missionary. This young bandit ness women, three sisters, two surgeon under whom he serves, had attended a missionary meet- men teachers. The Chinese staff that indifferent as they are to ing addressed by Mr. Sites, and includes: 31 Chinese priests, the claims of Christ on themhad been so impressed that he 18 catechists, 96 teachers, 3 doc- selves, they allow him to hold had exp'ressed a desire to change tors, 2 sisters. Bishop Hunting- meetings with patients, nurses his mode of life. He left after a ton writes: and office staff. Some thirty- short conversation with the mis- The object of the Anking mission five souls gather weekly to pray sionary and no particular impor- has always been to merge itself in the and praise and listen. Chinese Church, and the troubles of tance was attached to the inci- recent years have hastened it. Chi- For Peace and Progress dent at the time. This bandit, nese workers are now in charge of hearing of Mr. Sites' capture, nearly everything in the diocese. The Christian conscience in immediately called his followers Every church, every school, and even Japan is aroused to the menace together and went in pursuit. the hospital, are under Chinese heads. of the present Sino-Japanese They found the missionary in a The bishop and the diocesan treasurer dispute. The National Christian small house, closely guarded, are Americans. Council of Japan, representing surrounded the house, effected practically all Protestant Chrishis release, and brought him I hope, and my Chinese brethren tians in the land, unanimously home in a sedan chair. share the hope, that we shall not be passed a strong resolution con- forced into making another jump too taining the following declara- China Motion Picture Control suddenly. In any event the Church tions: in China, in spite of her troubles, is Immorality, murder and rob- going on to meet her new problems, In view of the Manchurian incibery are promoted by many mo- stronger and more vigorous than dent we feel a deep sense of selftion picture films. The life of ever. reproach that the spirit of world JAPAN-CHOSEN many peoples, including Ameri- Japan Evangelistic Band peace, based on brotherly love which cans, is grossly misrepresented we constantly advocate, does not per- In Kobe there are nearly a by films exported to other coun- dozen little churches, all self- vade the world's life. We pledge ourtries. In order to insure against selves to new endeavor in behalf of peace in the Orient and throughout this the Chinese ministry of supporting, the result of the the world. May the conception of jusfinance has instructed the cus- work of the Japan Evangelistic tice, friendship and love be deep-going toms administration to prohibit Band. Their total annual offerthe export of Chinese films un- ings amount to over three thou- and rule the hearts Df all who are concerned with this problem, and lead to an early solution of the difficulty, less previously approved by the sand dollars. One is a mission- thus eradicating the roots of the con- ary church, the members of troversy between Japan and China. national film censorship commis- • . . We earnestly desire the pray- which are Koreans. Another sion. China insists that the group of country s tat ion s ers and cooperation of our brethren movies made in that country in Christ and of all peace movements shall fairly represent the Chi- around the city of Okayama are everywhere. nese people. America permits all self-supporting and guided by The present international sitthe exportation of the worst of Mr. Sato, an old Band member. uation, the increasingly desper- Hollywood pictures without in- There is still another group, ate industrial and social conditerference, and has instituted a thirteen in number, scattered tions in Japan, and the fact that bureau whose function it is to through the country. These too 40,000,000 rural people in 12,000 increase the sale of American are self-supporting. A larger Japanese villages have not been films abroad no matter how group of twenty-six little con- touched as yet by Christian efmuch they may damage Ameri- gregations lying between Kobe forts is enough to convince the ca's reputation. Alternating and the west coast of Japan are most skeptical of the need for a with the gangster films are those the result of the Forward Move- united Christian front to the of low moral standards, depict.:. ment. evils of the day. An evidence of ing men as not only not protect- A typical convert's story is the vitality of Japanese Christiing women, but gliding with that of the present cashier of a anity is shown by the Christian them down the path of sin. The hospital connected with a large Council's approval of the misbulk of the exported pictures university. He was a drunkard sion work being undertaken

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

among Japanese in other lands, lies hidden in those figures. One 1830." A great crowd assembled notably Brazil, the Philippines, boy from a darkened home every on the site, where these men and the United States. day at school prayed that his lived and are buried. Bowed be- parents, brothers and sisters neath the palms, on the eastern Union Bible Classes in Osaka might know Christ and at home end of this tiny island, that he urged them to take the step. stands sentinel by the date line, From the bustling city of They would not even attend many lives were pledged to take Osaka, Japan, comes encourag- until "c 0 m men cern e n t" day up the torch and wave it wide. ing news of a Bible Training when, hearing their little son "These all died in faith. Theirs School. Miss Ann Kludt writes recite Scripture and seeing him was the past century, ours is the in the Watchman~Examiner: receive a Bible in reward, they present! A century in which to all gave their heart to the Lord. keep Fiji Christian, in the face Several members of the Bible class That church-the Ip..Am Church of new sinister forces that are have seen the vision of a union of all of Suh Hyung Co.-reports the revealing themselves on every the English Bible classes of the city. whole church revived as a re- hand." We tried to arrange for such a meet- sult of its summer venture for ing last year, but we had to give up the children. -Missionary Review the idea. But last Sunday we did (Australasia) . have the meeting, and were more than At O-San 260 children were delighted for nine classes were repre- taught. Sec u I ar primary Mass Education in Lanao sented with seven foreign teachers. teachers tried to p'revent ten of Eighty-nine members of the nine them from attending, five were We are under tremendous classes were present. The program beaten and abused by their pressure. Now we have 142 was divided into three parts: devo- parents and twenty or thirty volunteer teachers; program tional, a program by the classes, and were abused for going to a Bible gaining momentum every day; a discussion. The result was a union School. Many were illiterate our newspaper printing job is of the classes with the object of meet- when the school started. At the ass u min g huge proportions; ing once .or twice a year for better end of the term, seven-tenths of 2,000 new persons a month are service and fellowship. One of the them had not only learned to now learning to read, and what most gratifying things was to see the read and write but read well to give them to read has become way the members of the class shoul- enough to take their turn in a nightmare to me. I stay dered the responsibility and worked. reading Scripture verses. awake half the night, and dream The class is going on to greater the other half about it. things. Their enthusiasm knows no A place called Kyung Hyung bounds. reports an increase in attend- I have before me the names ance of 130 because of the sum- of 1,158 men and women who Leader of a Beggar Band mer's work. Eighty-six were learned to read during the past baptized and ninety-eight agreed month. Of this number 250 The Salvation Army has for to read their Bible every day are women-no one can realize many years maintained a Home through the year. what this means who has not for Beggar Boys here in Seoul. been in Lanao. We taught as Some years ago, when the work The Swallen Bible Corre- many girls last month as have was first begun, the workers spondence Course continues to been in the public schools of picked up off the streets one cold enroll new students. There are Lanao since the schools were winter's night a little boy and now 4,487 people taking the opened. We now have the names took him into the Home. course and 1,126 graduates. A of 12,000 who have learned to number of Bible Institutes make read since we began this method. The boy was intelligent, be- this a part of the work required came the leader of the Beggar of each student. FRANK LAUBACH, Lanao, P. I. Boys' Band, and a first-class assistant about the place. Last ISLANDS OF THE SEA An Object Lesson in Fiji winter a letter came from a Korean woman in America ask- Centenary Celebrations in Fiji Sixty years ago we used to ing the Salvation Army to hear lurid tales of savagery and undertake to find her lost son. Just 100 years ago three murders and cannibalism in the She gave his name, stating also Tahitian teachers made the first Fiji Islands. Now a visitor can that he was a citizen of the organized attempt to evangelize see with his own eyes these peo- U. S. A. by birth in that coun- Fiji. In the opening service of ple and their descendants enjoytry. She said that she was now thanksgiving last July the key- ing the blessings of civilization able to pay his way to America note of the celebrations was and all of them nominally and care for him. The boy was struck in the song that rang out "Christian." the leader of the Band. Surely in the words, "Send the Light! God works in mysterious ways. Send the Light!" The Chair- It was a great surprise to Roscoe C. Coen–Presbyterian man of the Fiji District unveiled learn that in addition to Fiji Mission in Seattle. a stone tablet, "To the memory being now entirely civilized of J ecoro, Arue, and Atai, three ninety-three per cent of the The Korea Sunday Schools Christian Tahitian teachers who native Fijians can read and landed at Oneata on July 9, write. Mr. A. W. Macmillan, the The chief work of the summer Government Inspector of native was the 790 Summer Children's schools, introduced me to the Bible Schools, enrolling 4,160 teachers and 67,193 pupils. Many a romance in spiritual life

grandson of the last cannibal South, reports the year 1930-31 Morocco lying south of Agadir- king of Fiji-King Kakohau- as one of the best in its history. a region hitherto as much closed who ceded the Islands to Great The following are some of the to missionary enterprises as Britain in 1874. .Two large, definite achievements: Tibet.

pointed granite stones were A revival in the Congo has re- Versions in forty-six lan- shown me upon which King sulted in 300 conversions. Rites guages have been sold to pas- Kakobau and his predecessors, of baptism were administered to sengers on the ships at Port after raiding n e i g h b 0 r i n g Chiang Kai-Shek, ex-President Said.

islands and torturing their cap- of China. A new church costing A colporteur, entering a circus tives, would dash the brains of $20,000 was dedicated in Liege, in Austria, succeeded in selling their victims and then p.artake Belgium. A gift of $10,000 Gospels to J.apanese, Chinese of the cannibal feast. The last (Mexican) was given anony- and Arabic performers. Occa- murder was in 1867, when a mis- mously by a Chinese Christian sionally the colporteurs find sionary was killed and eaten. for promoting evangelism. The themselves in districts where If people who despise mission- Moore Memorial Church in payment is made in bananas, ary effort would go out and see Shanghai was completed at a fish, eggs, or roasted chestnuts.

for themselves the wonderful cost of $325,000 (Mexican), In Spain, where 136,900 copies transformation that has taken $50,000 being contributed by the of the Scriptures were displace in the Fiji Islands they Chinese. Autonomous churches tributed last year, the Revolu- would assuredly become active have been set up in Brazil, Mex- tion has given the Bible So- supporters of the Christian mis- ico and Korea. Kwansei Gakuin, ciety's agents greater freedom a school operated jointly by of action. sionary enterprise. If a few of our laymen, accom- Methodist, South, and United Russia is at present the only panied by members of their Church of Canada Boards, has considerable portion of the infamilies, could see these Islands been given full university status. habited world into which Bible and these people-descendants A church has been built for Ko- colporteurs cannot penetrate.

of former savage tribes-they reans in San Francisco, and The proximity of Communistic would be intensely interested three churches for Indians in Russia, however, seems to have and return home full of en- Oklahoma. More than 1,000 per- stimulated the sale of Bibles in thusiasm for the work of our sons were converted and a new Estonia, Latvia and Poland. missionaries who have changed church has been built at Kingsa savage cannibal race into a port, Tenn., an industrial center. NORTH AMERICA thoroughly civilized and God- World Wide Bible Distribution College Students and the Church fearing community. -J. C. M,eggitt in The British The British and Foreign Bible Statistics for the year 1929-30 Weekly. Society records the issue of four- show that 87 per cent of the stu- GENERAL teen new versions. The total dents at publicly controlled col- number of Bibles, New Testa- leges and universities belong to ments and portions of the Scrip- some church. According to a $2,500,000,000 a Year for Philanthropies tures distributed during the statement issued by Dr. William Money devoted to philan- past year was 11,888,226, of thropic purposes in the United which 7,604,625 copies were sold Lindsay Young, director of the States is $2,500,000,000 a year, by 1,130 colporteurs. Department of University Work, according to Dr. Arthur J. Todd, In South America thirty-nine Board of Christian Education, the Presbyterian constituency Professor of Sociology at the colporteurs sold 250,000 copies, represents the second largest re- Northwestern University. Dr. canvassing from house to house ligious group, composed of 35,- Todd says that philanthropy in the great cities. Forty per 541 members. This is a remarkstood eighth in the list of the ten cent of the Gospels circulated in great American industries in the Argentina were sold by a single able showing and answers the statements often made that our value of its total operations. colporteur at a Buenos Aires colleges are hotbeds of irreligion "Approximately one-half of railroad station. Another man and dissipation. .

this money goes for religious climbs far up the slopes of the The increase in the number of purposes; education receives 8 Andes to visit places within the students in colleges, however, per cent; health, 9.2 per cent; jungle zone. personal gifts to individuals. A colporteur with the pioneer- means that a whole section of 11.6 per cent, and foreign relief ing spirit worked among Tibe- membership of the home church has moved out from under the receives 9.7 per cent." The 380 tans for three months, crossing ministrations of the minister.

community chests raised about .over into the forbidden land in There are few people between $85,000,000 last year. the wake of shepherds and the ages of 18 and 22 in the same Triumphs for Methodists herdsmen. town as their home church. The Colporteurs have now been college student is geographically The Mission Board of the able for the first time to drive removed from Christian leader- Methodist Episcopal Church, an automobile into the region of ship. As an agency for keeping

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

in touch with students, the home Home Missions Under Difficulties from 1910 to 1920 however, the church has broken down. For Protestant gain was 53% slower the greater part of the year, ex- Claton S. Rice of Montana than the gain in population. cept in rare instances, the min- writes: "It was sixteen below ister is out of touch with them. that morning, and by evening In 1920 Catholics numbered the wind was blowing and an- 1,883 more than the Protestants, A City Mission Centennial other blizzard in progress. A Russo-German drove me fifteen but in 1930 Protestants gained One hundred years ago, the miles to a country church where the lead by 218,219. That census story of a new venture of the I had the privilege of addressing showed a Catholic gain of 21 % Church in the interest of the about 100 people, most of them to 2,362,805; an Eastern Ortho- "plain people and the poor" was young folks. To think that they dox gain of 21 % to 111,096; a presented in the Episcopal pul- had come out on such a night to Jewish gain of 14% to 1,875,521 pits of New York City. This attend a church service! It was and a Protestant gain of 32% to venture was christened "The good to see their eyes glisten New York Protestant Episcopal when I used their language. I 2,581,024. During the same City Mission Society." was entertained at a Russo-Ger- period of ten years the popula- tion of New York City increased 23%_ Its purpose was to take the man home built on a bleak hill- Better Race Relations church's ministry to Episcopa- side with no trees about it. As lians and others not being no wheat was raised this year Steps have been taken in Milreached by the regular parish great stacks of Russian thistles waukee, Wisconsin, to improve were the only roughage in sight. race relations between the white churches" such as "families of Imagine my surprise to find that people and the 12,000 colored poorer mechanics, merchants' the house was furnace-heated citizens by organizing a race reclerks, journeymen, apprentices, from coal mined right on the domestics, and others unable to place. They had electric lights lations council. Several small pay for sit tin g s, besides as well from their own plant, groups have been functioning ins t ran g e r s, immigrants, etc." not only in the house, but in the barn. This farmer says that terracially and the new council There h ave been added there will be good years again, is made up primarily of the through the years such auxiliary and he is not unduly discour- chairmen of such groups, with efforts as the famous shelter, St. aged. The wonderful snowfall representatives of many civic, Barnabas' House, neighborhood of the last week in November social and religious bodies. The and settlement work at God's gives promise of better agricul- Providence House, fresh air and tural conditions next year." executive board will include repconvalescent work at Rethmore resentatives of various civic, Home and Schermerhorn House. -The Congregationalist. Jewish, Catholic and Protestant organizations of the city. Today that infant-organiza- A Million in Men's Bible Classes tion, born in 1831 with one mis- The council proposes to study sionary and a budget of $1,000, Six thousand classes, with a is closing its one hundredth year total membership of approxi- the local situation of other dark mately 1,000,000 men, are now races represented in the citywith a staff of more than 175 affiliated with the National Fed- American Indians, Mexicans, workers and a yearly expendi- eration of Men's Bible classes ture of over $325,000. which held its eighth annual Chinese and others. The local convention in Canton, Ohio, re- press, it is reported, is giving -Elizabeth B. Canaday in The Chu1·chman. strong backing to the movement toward the establishment of in- terracial understanding and good will in Milwaukee.

The Presbyterians Retrench cently. LATIN AMERICA The Presbyterian General· Church Members in New York Religious Limitations in Mexico Council recommended $10,000,- 000 as the basic benevolence Protestant church members in The Mexican Government has budget for the year 1932-33, to New York City are more nu- recently enforced the decree perbe apportioned as follows: merous than Roman Catholics. mitting only one priest or pastor After their loss ten years ago of of anyone religious sect to National Missions ……. $ 3,059,500 Foreign Missions…….. 2,370,750 the prestige of numbers, figures every 50,000 people in Mexico on religious affiliation of the City or Lower California. No Christian Education ….. 1,239,750 6,930,446 citizens of New York clergyman is permitted to of- Pensions ……………. 507,500 have been made public by Dr. Walter Laidlaw, executive secre- ficiate in more than one church. American Bible Society… 58,000 This has caused the closing of Fed. C.ouncil of Churches. 14,500 Total …………….. $ 7,250,000 tary of the Cities Census Com- many Roman Catholic churches. Woman's National mittee of the United States There are now 400 priests and Census Bureau. During the ten 200 Roman Catholic churches in Missions '" $1,375,000 years from 1920 to 1930 Protest- Mexico City alone. The new Woman's Foreign ant adherents gained in num- law will permit only 24 priests bers 39% faster than the gain and 24 churches in the Federal Missions '" 1,375,000 2,750,000 Total …………. $10,000,000 in population. During the period District. The Vera Cruz limit

is one priest per 100,000 of the Linguistically, they are divided, whole villages became Christian, the Kanella and Gaviao speaking and some of the more intelligent population. A motion urging all priests what is perhaps one of the hard- members of the community beand lay Catholics to wage a cam- est indigenous languages in came effective preachers of the paign against the Young Men's South America-the "Ge"- Gospel.

C h r i s t ian Association, the while the Guajajara Indians -The Christian. Young Women's Christian Asso- speak the more familiar tongue ciation and similar organiza- known as "Tupi." EUROPE tions brought to Mexico from the A mission of the Roman Cath- Moravian Missions United States was passed by the National Guadalupe Catholic olic Church worked at one time The Moravians have been from Congress in Mexico City where among the Guajajara tribe, but the first a distinctly missionary the congress was in session in body. The Hon. Robert Gawconnection with the celebration its activities terminated a few thorne-Hardy writes in Blackof the four hundredth anniver- years ago, when the Indians re- wood's Magazine: "Moravian sary of the traditional appear- volted against certain policies of missionaries have been in Labance of the Virgin of Guadalupe. the mission, and in one night rador since the eighteenth cen- The motion accused the societies tury, and it is their endeavors named of injecting an anti-na- murdered five nuns and seven alone which have preserved the tionalist spirit into the country priests. We found hardly any Eskimo and have turned a thievand encouraging undress athlet- ing, treacherous race into a peoic parades in public. trace of the former so-called ple of unbelievable gentleness Christian teaching. In one year, and honesty." This is only one Religion in Salvador by the blessing of God, one vil- part of their far-flung field of lage has been practically freed effort. As the London Times The National Assembly voted of drink to the consternation of says: "The fine work of the recently to prohibit the incoming Moravian missionaries is known of all priests and ministers of the unscrupulous drink traffick- from Greenland to the Himareligions. This was motivated in ers, who, today, receive little re- turn from their former victims.

Similar moral transformations seem to be accompanying the preaching of the Gospel in most part by the fear that the possi- of the villages where our mes- layas." ble expulsion of the religious or- sage has been delivered and un- This year the Moravian Church ders from Spain would mean an derstood. -L. E. Harris. will celebrate the 200th anniver- sary of its foreign missionary influx of foreign clergy into the A Land of Mystery enterprise. A booklet by Rev. country. The president, how- Forty years ago the vast re- John Greenfield, Moravian evanever, refused to sign the bill. In the capital city of Salvador gion in the heart of South Amer- gelist of Warsaw, Indiana, enthe Baptists have just finished a ica, known as the Gran Chaco, titled "Power From on High," $46,000 primary school building was a land of mystery, its tells the story of the Moravian which is both modern and beau- wastes unexplored, its peoples revival which resulted in the tiful. At Santa Ana a high unrecognized. Single – handed, conversion of John and Charles school building costing $60,000 Barbrooke Grubb, the brave pio- Wesley and the beginning of was dedicated in January. neer, penetrated the interior and Methodism. settled among its inhabitants. The first Moravian missiona- Difficult Situation in Chile Gradually, as he and his com- ries were sent out in the year Business is very bad in Chile. panions opened up the country, 1732, and began work in the Many are out of work and thou- savages became useful citizens. West Indies, which has become sands are gathered in big ware- Nomads were weaned from rov- one of the church's largest fields. houses where they are fed by the ing ways and persuaded to adopt When Carey sent out his mis- government. Many are in a dis- settled habits. Children were sionary challenge in 1792, the tressing condition. The Presby- educated. Young men were Moravians had already sent terian Mission School at Valpa- taught various handicrafts, and three hundred missionaries to raiso is endeavoring to do some- instructed in all branches of cat- work in North and South Amerthing to help them. Most of tle-ranching. Girls were trained ica, the West Indies, Greenland these people work in mines in farm duties as well as in do- and Labrador. The Moravians which are nearly all closed. As mestic service. Social life im- were the first to send missiona- Chile depends so much on the in- proved. Infanticide declined. ries to the Jews, and the first to come from salitre, a difficult sit- S epa rat e houses displaced work among lepers (South Afri- uation has been created. groups of filthy shelters. Agri- ca,1818).

Indians of Amazonia culture was encouraged, and the There are over three hundred keeping of sheep and goats, stations, yet the annual expendi- There are more than two horses and cattle was inculcated. ture amounts to but little over thous~nd natives in the region One by one the men and women £100,000; of this, less than half of Barra do Corda. They belong shook off the shackles of witch- is raised at home, the greater to three tribes, known as the craft and submitted themselves proportion being the contribu- Gaviao, Kanella and Guajajara. to Christ. In course of time, tion of the mission fields.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

A Gypsy Church We are pressing our churches to sional but as one of themselves and it makes a great difference. We have Dr. Rushbrooke, of the Bap- learn the joy of giving to the Lord. already sympathizers in Cracow and tist World Alliance, describes Vilna and may be able to organize the recent dedication of the Bap- But this year these people are suffer- branches there. Our meetings are very tist church building in the gypsy helpful not only to the Jews but also village of Golenzi, Bulgaria. A ing under problems of unemployment to the Gentiles who are drawn closer stolen New Testament led, some to Christ. In the heat of discussion years back, to the formation of and failure in business. Unlike the they have to define their own posia gypsy church in this village. tion towards Christianity and they It has hitherto met in cottage rest of the world, most of our com- learn to look up to Christ for support. rooms which have proved inadequate. Now gifts from the Ger- munities have a background of de- Bank Directors Open With man Baptists of America have Prayer made it possible to secure a portation and worldly losses, from church. The gypsies themselves The small Protestant group of have taken a large share in the which they have had no chance yet to which Rev. J. S. Porter, Prague, undertaking, including the man- Czechoslovakia, is the shepherd ufacture of 32,000 bricks. The recover. Out of their poverty they has started a bank in that city. Sunday of the dedication was a The meetings of the directors historic occasion in the village have done wonders, and three evan- are always opened with prayer. and the semi-barbaric finery of The government inspector was the gypsies provided abundant gelical churches are already entirely present officially at one such material for photographers at- meeting. Afterwards he ex- self-supporting. pressed himself as surprised and tracted by a unique event. The pleased with such a start. All Sunday School gathering and The Executive Committee of the of the net income of the bank is the distribution of a small hymn used in the interests of church book-the first in the gypsy lan- Greek Evangelical Synod finds itself and benevolent work. There are guage-and of the gypsy Gospel but two paid clerks-the remainof Matthew were special fea- with a deficit of 143,000.00 drachmae der of the officials give their tures. The response of gypsies services. in Golenzi to the presentation of (or, the equivalent of $1,857.00); and, the Gospel message is remark- Russian Activity able and significant, but this they are faced With the necessity of The following items are taken race is scarcely yet touched. from the Allgemeine Evangel- They represent an opportunity, cutting off the salary of nearly half isches Lutherischen Kirchena problem and a challenge. In zeitung, which is in a position to Bulgaria alone there are 150,- the preachers and two Bible women. obtain certain facts: 000, nominally Orthodox or Mo- The Russian authorities have hammedan, but practically with- All the ministers, with one accord, de- been making great efforts to spread communistic teachings out any idea of God. clared they could not give up their among the German population, -The Watchman Examiner. which is found notably in the work, but were willing to live on half, Volga region. A communistic A Stirring Appeal from Greece paper, N euland, published in or no pay, and to try to earn their German, brings the complaint Evangelical work in Greece that notwithstanding the greatwas started eighty years ago, living in oonththeerirwcaoynsg,resgtaitlilonkse.*eping est efforts it has not been able to their hold raise its circulation to 5,000. amidst terrific opposition and In consequence of the uninterpersecutions, and has been main- After a thorough examination rupted workday week, many tained under heavy sacrifices of the situation, six workers of church services have had to be both on the part of the Greek congregations that are able to transferred to the evening evangelicals and by the help both maintain their work, unani- hours. Attempt is being made of British and American mis- mously agreed to offer 10% of to prevent such services on the their meagre salaries into the ground that the electric cursionary societies. general fund, to aid in the sup- rent should be refused churches The Greek Evangelical Synod port of their brethren, and the and prayer houses, since 100 other eight workers accepted has sent out a stirring appeal for churches consume as much help in this time of financial dis- the conclusion that they should power as a large factory. tress. They say: confine themselves to the $5 or $10 a month their starving con- The question of the child and These are days of unusual opportu- gregations can give them until the school in the Soviet Union is nities in Greece. The fields are white outside help comes. This all entering on a new phase. A unto the harvest and we are praying means that the workers and child attaining the age of fourthe Lord of the harvest to send forth their families are facing starva- teen years may join the Union more laborers. To help each work- tion. About $1500 a year would of the Godless. Parents who er to have the strongest influence would hinder this are deprived among men, and also to free his mind save the situation. from financial anxiety there should be funds to cover expenses. • ,Contributions may be sent to Rev. P. G. Longinides, 50 Amalias Ave., Athens, Greece.

Christian-Jewish Students in Warsaw Dr. Prentky of the Warsaw Station of London Church Mis- sion to the Jews writes: The Society for the Approach of Jews and Gentiles is passing from its babyhood into vigorous youth. We have come into touch with several groups of students of different politi- cal and religious opinions: we have gathered around us Roman Catho- lics, Protestants, Greek-Orthodox and Jews, the last representing Zionism and Assimilation, 0 r tho d 0 x y and Liberalism. We have drawn up our status and presented it to the Gov- ernment for legalization and we are assured that the Government regards our activities with sympathy.

The number of students attending our weekly meetings grows steadily. We have endless opportunities of dis- cussing religion and Christ. One meets there young people not as a profes-

of their work and their children AFRICA use plumbago to prevent inflam- mation in a wound and the are taken away. From the age A Closed Land stitch.

of eight years on children may The bark of the root of the red dagga plant is one of the native be entered in junior groups of One of the least known of cures for snake-bite. Europeans the ungodly. Moslem areas is the Spanish value it even more than natives Colony of Rio de Oro with its for this purpose, who also make In anti-religious effort these protectorate. Although the pop- a tincture from its flowers for Soviet schools have accomplished ulation is small, it is practically coughs, chest complaints, and all Mohammedan. A French nervous headaches. much. At the same time in all traveler reports in The Geoother lines they have been woe- graphical Journal his attempt But the plant's greatest value to penetrate this area: is when it is used with an herb fully inefficient. The Soviet which is called ubuhlungu besigschool gives only a fraction of One of the most inaccessible tracts cawu (by itself another snakewhat the public schools in other in the whole of Africa at the present bite remedy). The combination countries offer their pupils. day is the country known as the Rio is used as an antidote to blood- poisoning, and some remarkable At present Pravda is agitat- cures are recorded even where the patients have seemed to be ing for an accurate registration in extremis. The herb is strongly antiseptic, and a paste from its of all the children of school age, de Oro, south of the Wed Dra on the leaves relieves toothache. with the view of enforcing a sys- southern frontier of Morocco. It is inhabited by fanatical tribes and ex- -South African Outlook. tem of compulsory education. posed to the raids of brigands. Last In the Sudan Open Doors in Italy year a young Frenchman, Michel Vieuchange, set himself the task of Archdeacon Archibald Shaw The Spezia Mission has never pushing south of the Dra to the mys- went to the Southern Sudan in terious town of Smara, built last cen- 1905, to work under the C. M. S. faced a winter's work with among primitive tribes, with greater opportunities than at tury in the midst of the desert by the funds contributed in memory of rebel Marabut Ma el Ainin. He un- General Gordon. He believes present. Conditions make for dertook the journey with the minimum that Christianity can best be larger liberty in missionary op- of equipment, aided only by a small spread by education. He says: erations, and God is speaking to party of natives, the fidelity of some Our two and a half million people of whom was open to grave suspicion. are scattered over a vast area. It men's hearts and granting a real He disguised himself as an Arab is not much good to preach to them under a palm tree for a day or two, revival. Many who this year woman-there were two women also and then not to revisit the spot for a have taken their stand for Christ in the party-and so reached the fron- year or more. If we can influence our boys and girls in the schools they are giving, by lip and life, a tes- tier post of Tigilit, where he under- make much better missionaries to went wearisome delay, lying hid in a their own people, especially as they timony that is stirring all those are going back and multiplying the about them. native room too low for him to stand little bush schools. In one or two up in, while his guide bargained for areas, as a result, there have arisen Some students of a govern- "mass movements" on a small scale, ment departmental college, live- the necessary camels. Smara was de- and in these areas the natives are serted, though native encampments clamoring for baptism and teachers. We find that in the boarding schools ly, riotous young feIlows, heard were seen .on the plain, and M. Vieu- nearly 90 per cent of the boys come of our Protestant meetings and to us for baptism before they leave. change made a hurried inspection be- . We are planning for the coming came with the idea of creating a fore starting back. The traveller winter to put a mission station disturbance. But the Lord met amongst the Nuers, probably the wild- reached Tiznit, in Southern Morocco, est people of Africa today, who have completely worn out, was taken by constantly and recently defied the Government. It is hoped that the them, and it is a thrilling story aeroplane to Mogador, where a fort- present policy of "pacification" may night later he died at the military be aided by the establishment of misof modern miracles to hear how hospital. sion schools. He showed them their sinfulness The British Government is subsidizand brought them to a knowl- African Medicines ing the missionary education already edge of Jesus. They have pub- begun. We have our bush schools licly confessed their Lord in bap- A number of the herbs used which give what is called a "subtism in crowded gatherings, at by the African witch doctors grade" education. There are now also which were present many of have been found to have a defi- one C.M.S. and two Roman Catholic their college companions. The nite medicinal value. The roots "Intermediate" schools in which the whole college is stirred. Some of a plant known as the wild whole of the teaching is in English. are feeling it their duty to write sweet potato were used to expel to their parents and relations in the devils from a person supother parts of Italy to tell them posed to be bewitched. The plant what has happened, and so the is both poisonous and dangerous. Umlanjeni, the evil genius of fire is spreading. Nearly five hundred children the Chief SandHi in the Kafir are thronging our Bible day War of 1850, persuaded the Afschools, and we have been com- ricans that the purple and white pelled to close our doors to more roots of one of the pelargoniums for sheer lack of space. would ward off the white man's Our central aim is to preach .bullets. This pelargonium is still the Gospel and to bring the good called by them ikubalo lika Um- news of salvation to those in ig- lanjeni (Umlanjeni's charm).

norance and superstition. He also gave them pieces of -Rev. H. H. Pullen in The the plumbago shrub to chew for Christian. the same purpose. Today they

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

In these the boys are mainly trained The Blind in Egypt Ovambo and Bushmen. There as schoolmasters and clerks, and are are among these at least 77,000 prepared for further training as med- The Church Missionary Soci- human beings to whom evangel- ical assistants. ety has received from Gindi Ef- ists must be sent. fendi Ibrahim, himself blind, an Double Shift Christians account of the efforts to help the Famine in Zululand blind of Egypt, who number half This name is given to an in- a million. Since 1923 Gindi Ef- The Rev. John Hawkins of fendi has been in charge of this Somkele, Zululand, South Africreasing number of Sunday work. In 1925 he opened a ca, writes: "This district has school officers and teachers in school near al Azhar Univer- been proclaimed by the govern- sity, the great centre of Moslem ment 'a famine-stricken area.' Johannesburg, South Africa, learning. Not only did he teach Nearly all the rivers and water who, in addition to working in. the sheikhs who came to him to holes were dried up; no grass, read the Bible in Braille, but no planting, no money, lack of their own white Sunday school als(l taught them some handi- employment, and cattle too thin craft to enable them to gain a to be accepted as barter. It is in the afternoon, conduct Sun- living. Many of these sheikhs reported that 1,000 head of catday schools in the morning for afterwards came to ask ques- tle are dying daily in Zululand. the black children. These native tions relating to Christianity. Ours also, including donkeys, schools are promoted by the have been dying daily, so that Rhenish Mission Growth we were unable to raise a team Witwatersrand Methodist Na- of either to fetch a load from the tive Mission. The children are The Rhenish Mission reports railway station. It is reported the first generation of complete- that the number of members in that the government is sending the Naama and Herero country in maize at twelve shillings a ly town-dwelling natives, and has grown to 52,644 during the sack of 200 lbs., the price here past year, an increase of 3,143. today being seventeen shillings. the whole European church must Besides this, at the end of the The outlook is serious for us and year there were 2,542 persons for the people; and yet our wabe mobilized to meet this intense more being instructed. The ter tank is full and overflowmg, number of pupils also has in- while most springs are dried situation. Few natives have creased. The report states espe- up." either the knowledge or the gifts cially that all these increases which qualify them to teach chil- have come "in spite of the stress -The Christian. of the times." dren. At present this mission "Mothering" 250 Malagasy Boys Instruction is being given to has 27 Sunday schools with 2,445 children on farms by mi- Pastor Hallanger of the Nor- gratory evangelists. This is an wegian Lutheran Church of 2,174 scholars and 105 teachers, institution of great service in America has recently assumed this mission. The people are full responsibility for the erec- 57 of the latter being European seeing the advantages of educa- tion of the boys' school in Manand 48 native. tion and say that a child that antantely, Madagascar, and finds grows up wild-"like a jackal in that the task "piles up before me The movement grew out of a the field"-has no prospects for a great deal more work than I business man's query about advancement. can do properly." Among the what could be done to meet the things which he is compelled to situation. In many instances In an area as large as the oversee are the health of the native schools were adopted by state of Texas there are 30,352 boys, the cleanliness of the build- European schools in the same whites, of whom 12,352 live in ing, the teaching, the discipline, area and staffed by those who communities and the larger the spiritual life of the school, taught black children in the number on farms. There exists and even matters of clothing. morning and white children in a police zone. Outside of this This with a total enrollment of the afternoon. By an adapta- zone there are 117,000 Ovambos about 250 boys, 190 of whom are tion of mining phraseology, who migrate to find work, and boarding pupils, is no small task. these have been described as more than a hundred thousand "double shift Christians." The among whom no mission society "The boys themselves teach difficulty of language was solved does any work at all. In the case each other the intricacies of the by placing the native day school of the migratory children, it is sewing machine and tailoring. staff, many of whom enlisted, in felt that migrating evangelists The boys are at present busy charge of the smaller children would do the most effectiv~ sewing their suits of clothes. In who had not as yet acquired a work. In the police zone in the the normal school they get about working use of the English lan- Southwest there are 102,392 na- five meters of unbleached cotton guage. tives, composed of Hottentots, cloth-about enough for a coat Hereros, Hilldamas, Bastards, and a pair of trousers. These Every Sunday morning native townships and locations are invaded by all sorts of consecrated vehicles which discharge at the door of all sorts of edifices their loads of European workers. There has grown up among these people a delightful comradeship. The staff of one school includes a hospital sister, a lady journalist and a minister's wife.

they sew themselves without any question was raised about him. A Rival Congress help. It is surprising how well The problem centered around At the call of the Mayor of they get the suits to fit; it seems Jerusalem an opposition conthat there is a tradition handed the three Persian Christian gress of more than 1,000 deledown from generation to gene- boys. gates met in the King David ration as in the days of the Hotel as the general Moslem guilds. The school has two sew- "According to the examina- Conference was closing. This ing machines, which are at pres- opposition congress passed the ent running every minute that tion manual the examination in following resolutions: the boys are free. It is interest- the Koran and Shariat (Persian ing to watch new boys being To neg.otiate with the Moslem couninitiated into the mysteries of religious law) is only for Mo- tries to hold another general Moslem running a sewing machine and hammedans. What a Moham- congress independent of any Moslem kingdom. medan is is not defined. The three boys applied for entrance to the examinations and claimed exemption from the Koran and making a pair of pants that Shariat examinations inasmuch To safeguard Moslem holy places in won't split when they sit down. In the primary school, too, many as they were Christians. To Palestine and to restore to their orig- this, however, they received the inal sacred uses the shrines which prefer to take cloth instead of a reply, 'The department cannot the Mufti allegedly c.onverted to other purposes.

shirt and make something a lit- know Rezas and Hoseins and Ali To ask the Palestine Government tle more stylish than the 'dress' style shirt furnished by the Akbars as Christians for their to carry out the demands of the Pal- names are Moslem.' We were estine Arab delegation to London for school. I like to believe that told to correct the 'error' by the independence of this country and these boys will be able to furnish writing that we had made a mis- its protection from Zionist danger.

themselves wit h well-sewed. take and that they were not The School at Kermanshah Christian at all." The Industrial Farm School clothes when they get out."

WESTERN ASIA Moslem, Congress in Jerusalem and Orphanage at Kermanshah, Persia, will be self-supporting Arabic Bible for the Blind A Yiddish paper, The Day when it has added $5,000 more (December 14) says that the to its equipment. After five years' labor the Na- Zionist Movement and the Engtional Institute for the Blind lish Government were attacked A tract of over a thousand has completed the first edition of in the sharpest language at the acres of land with two large the Bible in Arabic Braille. The Mohammedan Congress, called work has been carried out under by the Grand Mufti of Palestine. plains of arable land and valleys the British and Foreign Bible having grazing for hundreds of Society, who will distribute the At the discussion concerning book to blind readers in Arabia, Mohammedan holy places and sheep and cattle has been se- Palestine, Egypt, and North the Wailing Wall, Said Bey Sa- Africa generally. The Arabic bet, delegate of Irak, said the cured. The children work on the edition occupies thirty-two vol- following: "If the Jews will farm. They are also trained in umes, as compared with the sev- keep on with their activities in carpentry, blacksmithing, maenty-four volumes of the Na- Palestine, we shall be forced to sonry, tin-smithing, b roo mtional Institute's Bible in Eng- treat them in a way which is making, s pin n i n g, weaving, lish Braille, but the size of the well known to them. We shall housekeeping, according as they volumes is larger and about allow the Jew only to sit in their double their thickness. To obvi- houses." are boys or girls. For spinning, ate language and other difficul- a wheel made in England, simple ties, an English lady living in The Congress adopted the fol- Jerusalem first transcribed in lowing resolutions: and easily reproduced, is being manuscript the whole Bible into Arabic Braille, and it was from 1. To establish a corporation of used; for weaving, the automatic her copy that the Institute's five million dollars for constructive hand-loom made by the Salvastaff worked on the metal plates purposes in Palestine, to counteract from which the book sheets the activities of Zionism. tion Army in India. Rotation of were printed. crops, proper fertilization, de- 2. To reject the findings of the What Is a Mohammedan? League of Nations with regard to struction of insect pests, refor- the Wailing Wall. estation of hills, elements of dry- farming are guiding principles 3. To protest to the League of Na- in the orphanage farm manage- tions the establishment of a Jewish National Horne in Palestine. ment. The human material which 4. Mohammedans must boycott J ew- ish products manufactured in Pales- comes to the school is pitiable enough. Good food, open-air life, R. L. Steiner, of Persia, tine. and Christian teaching trans- form them. In most cases weeks and sometimes months went by writes: "This year was the first 5. To make propaganda through- before smiles and laughter be- out the world for the independence of time that Christian boys from the Palestinian Mohammedans. came a habit. Some have become very capable so that unexpected the school had been sent up for 6. To make known to the whole the government examinations. Mohammedan world that Zionism is a obstacles and new situations One is an Armenian and so no catastrophe for Palestine. neither baffle nor confuse them.

-Sunday School Times.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Advance in Afghanistan experience to enable them to co- sincerely and fervently pray to operate with the missionaries in the Almighty through the med- Afghanistan is reported to be carrying on their work. Rev. ium of Lord Jesus Christ bemaking progress in moderniza- R. Buell Love, a missionary, loved Prophet of the Almightytion. At the recent celebration writes: (on whom be peace)-for the of the anniversary of Afghanis- recovery of their patients. This tan's independence, King Nadir "The men are organized into is the reason that their medi- Shah stressed the need of im- parties. On Saturdays and Sun- cines are efficacious and all their mediate internal improvement, days they go out to the village undertakings are crowned with and told of plans already under within a radius of five or six success. The entire staff of this way for a hospital, for "the en- miles of Saharanpur and preach hospital, from the highest to the couragement of local industries, to groups. lowest, are with one accord the and the attainment of internal followers of the religion and security." Current History re- "I am thinking of organizing creed of the holy prophet Lord ports a school of Arabian sci- an evangelical team of four of Jesus Christ- (on whom be ences opened for Moslem learned the best men the seminary has. peace)-Lord Jesus Christ was men; the institution of a Council The object of the team will be to an exalted and beloved prophet of Ulema, or learned men, to be go with me into distant villages of the Almighty in olden times, elected by the people; and the and to stay for two or three days of whom mention has been creation of a new system of at a time for intensive preach- made by the Almighty in the courts. There are at present not ing. The team will have one holy Koran. May God keep thee over 70 Europeans in the coun- good preacher, one musician, one prosperous in the world." try, principally in Kabul. The good athlete, and the other man present king is apparently avoid- will be assigned to some partic- (Signed) "Hashmat Ali." ing the mistakes of his predeces- ular duty. These evangelical sor, Aman-Allah, by honoring teams have been very successful The Burma Gospel Team the followers of Islam. The mes- in one or two other places, but sengers of Christ are still ex- this will be the first to be organ- The Rev. V. W. Dyer, of cluded. ized in our mission area." Burma, recently sent the follow- ing cablegram to the Baptist INDIA, BURMA, CEYLON Testimony from a Moslem Board: Religious Liberty The tribute of a Moslem pa- "Stanley Jones and Hodge, of tient to the work of a mission National Christian Council, call The Working Committee of hospital in India is given to the Burma Gospel Team three the India National Congress Chr()nicle of the London Mis- months South and West India. passed a resolution guaranteeing sionary Society by R. J. Ashton. Notify constituency. Ask special to minority communities the The composition was written in daily prayer for us and All-India "protection of their culture, lan- Hindustani, in flowing Persian revival." We are confident that guage, scripts, education, profes- script; appended was a transla- our people everywhere will pray sion and practice of religion and tion into English made by an- earnestly that God's blessing religious endowments." The other patient, from which quo- may be on Mr. Dyer and his Catholic Leader (M a d r a s) tations are made. He says: Gospel Team as they go forth raised the question whether the on their larger mission. elementary right to "convert "It is related that Lord Jesus was implied in the Congress con- Christ-(on whom be peace)- Methodist Diamond Jubilee ception of religious liberty." is still alive and that towards the end of the world, when Imam Seventy-five years ago, the Mr. George Joseph informed Mahdi-(on whom be peace)- Rev. William Butler, the first the Leader "that the freedom to will make his appearance, he missionary of the Methodist convert was deliberately omitted (Lord Jesus) will once more Episcopal Church, arrived in from the text of the Congress descend to the earth. Bareilly to begin Christian servresolution," though he had sug- ice to India. On December 7, gested that the resolution be "Is it any wonder then that 1856, the Rev. William Butler amended to include the words, there is such marvellous efficacy began that eventful period. "including the right of conver- in the medicines dealt out by sion." The proposed amendment men who are followers of such Dr. Butler and his wife had was rejected. In view of recent an exalted and beloved Prophet scarcely reached Bareilly (Dediscussions with and utterances of the Almighty, called Ruh Allah cember 7, 1856) and established of Mr. Gandhi this action is sig- (Spirit of God), reinforced as their home when the Sepoy Renificant. those medicines are by the bless- bellion broke loose. They and all ings of the Lord. There is a other whites were forced to flee IndUuns Co-operate special peculiarity in this hos- for their lives, finding refuge for pital which is not to be found weeks at Naini Tal. Dr. But- Students of the North India in other hospitals, and it is this, ler's library and goods at Bareil- United Theological College at that every day, before commenc- ly were destroyed, but when the Saharanpur are given practical ing work the entire staff, high rebellion was over he re-estab- and low, assemble together and lished the mission at Lucknow

and Bareilly, beginning with a were in the audience that every much more does his religion class of seven members in May, seat was occupied, and scores sat mean bread of life to feed his 1857. on the floor. They attend Bible soul. Since he became a Chris- classes with enthusiasm, conduct tian, he has brought with him to In 1860-four years after the their own discussion groups, and Sunday services one after anarrival in India of Dr. William are keenly interested in all ques- other of his employees, till Butler-there were only sixty- tions relating to the Bible." finally, he had the pleasure of seven members of the Methodist seeing five of them confess Episcopal Church in the land. A Young Woman's Service Christ and receive baptism at In 1875 there were 2,148 mem- one service. At his invitation bers; in 1887, 4,018 members; Evangelistic work in Hydera- the little group of workers goes by 1898, the number had grown bad, South India, is progressing. to this factory twice a month to 78,000; by 1905, to 110,000. "Since the beginning of the to hold services." Today the total membership of year," writes Charles Rutherthe Methodist Episcopal Church ford of Jangaon, "we have bap- Seed Sowing in Siam and Malaya in India is estimated at 350,000 tized more than 100 converts in persons, the largest Methodist this field. Two new villages have The Chinese Church in Bangmembership in any major divi- been opened, to one of which a kok has undertaken the responsision of the foreign mission field. young woman from our Bible bility for the extensive distribu- Training School in Nellore was tion of the Scriptures. The Task Not Finished assigned. She has a small school, workers regularly meet incom- which is being attended by chil- ing and outgoing steamers. The following paragraph is dren from the caste village, Canal and river boats, as well as quoted from a recent book pub- though her school is held in the business districts, have their dislished in Germany and dealing outcaste section. Recently twelve tribution. One energetic book with missions in India: people were baptized, mainly as dealer offers Bible portions to a result of the faithful and un- every customer, and his supply All the Protestant churches and tiring service of this young wom- needs constant refilling. Immigroups, .from the Anglicans to the Sal- an. The whole attitude and ap- grants, 500 to 2,000 each week, vation Army, are carrying on mis- pearance of the people have im- are visited by the colporteurs sions today in India, side by side with proved since the coming of Mar- during their one or two days' the Church of Rome. The outward tha. Other villages are clamor- detention for examination and success of this missionary work has, ing for teachers." registration at department headwe must admit, been small. Out of quarters. A rare opportunity the 320 millions of India, five mil- – Watchman-Examiner. for far-reaching results is in lions today are professing Christians. placing Scriptures in the. hands It is true that within the past thirty A Slogan for Burma of the 300 to 700 returning to years missions have made important China each week. numerical progress. Between 1901 Objections were raised at the and 1921 the figures of the baptized annual meeting of the Burma Gospel Preaching Prohibited rose rapidly from 2,660,000 to 4,750,- Christian Council against the 000. But these figures are deceptive. title adopted for the campaign: Straits Settlement is an aggre- The increase relates f,or the most part "Burma for Christ Movement." gation of diverse races, with to initial success in newly opened When this was first published Chi n e s e predominating. Misareas, while in the old mission fields some vernacular papers saw in it sionary work may be carried on a static condition has set in, which it an unfriendly mil ita n t cam- among all except the children of is often impossible to alter even by paign. Some felt that it was the land-the Malays. The nathe most intensive recruiting efforts. placed in juxta-position to the tives of the Straits Settlements In Ceylon there are exactly as many motto: "Burma for the Bur- and Federated Malay States are Christians today as there were 200 mans." However, the Council Mohammedans, and the British years ago. Even if numerical prog- felt that it is the spirit rather rules have agreed with the naress were to continue at the same than the name that will deter- tive rulers that the people shall pace as in the last thirty years, three mine the attitude of non-Chris- be protected from interference thousand years .of missionary work tians and it seemed best to re- with their faith. It is said that would be required in order to make tain it. only the Sultan and his house India a Christian land. are actually named, but in the SIAM-MALAYSIA outworking of the plan it has -Evangelical Christian. been found impracticable to es- A Siamese Christian tablish Christian work among Girl's Interest in Religion the people. "In this community," writes a Miss Ruth Cowdrey, who has Presbyterian missionary from A joint study of the situation had access to the students in col- Bangkok, "lives a Christian man should render possible an apleges and universities, serving -head man of one of the largest proach to governing powers with for ten years as general secre- establishments. He has taken a view to a relaxation of present tary of the Young Women's his Christianity as seriously as prohibitions. Christian Association in Mad- he takes his work. If his weavras, says: "The girls of India ing means rice to feed his body, are easy to approach on the subject of religion. They know no prejudices. A religious meeting invariably attracts great num~ bers. When Stanley Jones gave lectures in Madras so many girls

WORTH

Any boo~s mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-'The Review The Forest Hos}}ital at Lambarene. my readers far too much of the It was well to link up these be- By Albert Schweitzer. Translated by C. T. Campion, M. A. 191 pp. prose of Africa, but whatever ginnings with one great heroic $2.00. Holt & Co. New York. 1931. one gets drowned in fills the figure in the person of John The name of Albert Schweitz- mouth. Our life is so filled with Mason Peck. Here is a perfect er, famous as a great theologian this prose that I cannot but write type of home missionary; a fronand as interpreter of Bach, is at present before the public as a about it. Anyone who wants to tiersman who possesses the abil- Christian physician in West Equatorial Africa. do good under our African con- ity of adjusting himself to cir- Twenty-five years ago he ditions must fight any tendency cumstances as they pre sen t wrote "The Quest of the Histor- in himself to let his nerves and themselves; an organizer of Sunical Jesus," a book that aroused considerable criticism. Today he temper be upset by all the big day Schools, c h u r c h e s and a follows in the footsteps of his Master in lowly and heroic serv- and little difficulties of daily life, school of higher learning; indeice. "Through the spirit of Jesus I became conscious that a man and must retain his full joy in fatigable in labor, travel and can be called to a place without knowing exactly just why he has his work." preaching, and at the same time been called to it. Jesus is Lord, "It seems to me incomprehen- a leader of the people of his state our Lord. What is decisive is not the theories we are teaching sible that I am leaving the na- in all moral and righteous issues. about Him, but the obedience with which we are serving Him; tives for months. How fond of The story is so written that it Christianity without words. For years I have been preaching them one becomes, in spite of all cannot fail to quicken anew the about Christianity. But inwardly, I was longing to be practic- the trouble they give one! How fires of Baptist missionary zeal. ing Christianity silently. This I many beautiful traits of char- But for such Christians as are do now, or I try to do it." How Dr. Schweitzer is doing acter we can discover in them, not members of the Baptist fold it, this book tells. Far more in- if we refuse to let the many and this volume has also an intense teresting than the best fiction is this account of the voyage, the varied follies of the child of na- interest. The beginnings of the first months in Lambarene, West Africa, and the tragic experi- ture prevent us from looking for struggle against human slavery ences in the old hospital during 1925 and 1926, and in the new the man in him! How they dis- are portrayed. What more interhospital which was completed in 1927. One is tempted to quote close to us their real selves, if we esting story than that of the largely from a narrative that moves on like a symphony. have love and patience enough "Cantine Creek Baptized Church Pathos, tragedy, and humor follow in rapid succession, but be- to understand them!" of Christ, Friends to Humantween the line~ one can read far s. M. Z. ity," organized in 1809, whose more than is narrated. Vanguard of the Caravans. A Life- constitution denied "union and "And now I cannot help fear- Story of John Mason Peck. By Coe ing that my narrative has given Hayne. 157 pp. Illus. $1.00. Jud- communion with all persons son Press. Philadelphia. 1931. holding the doctrines of per- petual, involuntary, hereditary This volume is written in com- slavery." A. J. M.

memoration of the one hun- Perils in the Wilderness. By G. Find- dredth ann i v e r s a r y of The ley Andrews. Pamphlet 25 cents.

American Baptist Home Mission China Inland Mission. Philadelphia Society which had its birth in and Toronto. 1931.

New York April 27, 1832. All This vivid story of the experi- too frequently anniversary vol- ences of two missionary ladies, umes are stuffy, pretentious and Mrs. Hayward and Miss Gomer- suggestive of museum pieces. sal, in the midst of bandits gives The reader is due for a pleasant some idea of the present situa- surprise as he dips into this vital tion in disturbed parts of China. volume. With commendable skill We see also clearly the courage the author leads back into the and faith of the missionaries, stirring events in the midst of . the faithfulness of Mongolian which American Baptists laid friends and the reality of God's the foundation of their impres- care for His own. The ladies sive home missionary enterprise. were captured by bandits in N0- [127]

vember, 1930, in the dreary slave girls and unfortunates in New Books Mongolian desert and were later released. W hat happened on the Chinese communities in Cal- Chinatown Quest. Carol Green Wiltheir journey from Lanchow in son. 263 pp. $3. Stanford Uni- Kansu; through Mongolia and ifornia. The story is naively and versity Press. Stanford. 1931. on to Peiping makes a stirring narrative. ingenuously told by a friend and Chaka: An Historical Romance. Thos. Mofolo. 198 pp. Oxford Univer- The End of Exterritoriality in China. it ends somewhat abruptly. The sity Press. London. 1931. By Thomas F. Millard. 8 vo. 278 pp. A. B. C Press. Shanghai. remarkable character of this The Challenge of Amazon's Indians. 1931. Mrs. Arthur F. Tylee. 92 pp. 75c. able and clever woman is left to Inland South American Missionary This work presents the condi- Union. New York. 1931. tions that attended the institu- be gathered by the reader. It tion of exterritoriality in China, "Charge That to My Account." D. A. and the reasons and methods of will be a dull reader that cannot Ironside. 123 pp. 75c. Bible Inthe Chi n e s e Government in stitute Colportage Assn. Chicago. bringing the system to an end. do this from the wealth of excit- 1931. With its termination, exterritoriality, except as it applies to ing incidents with which the Charles E. Cowman: Missionary-Wardiplomats and special ambassa- rior. Mrs. Chas. E. Cowman. 411 dors, probably will fall into dis- book is filled. It is a needed ac- pp. $1.50. Oriental Missionary Souse, as China is the last import- ciety. Los Angeles. 1931. ant country where it has been in count of a noble woman whose force. Chefoo: A Story of the China Inland unique work has been the re- Mission School at Chefoo. Stanley The author is a competent his- Houghton, Edith B. Harman, Martorian who has spent many years deeming of hundreds of Chinese garet Pyle. 82 pp. 2s'. China Inin China and has written several land Mission. London. 1931. books and many articles. He girls and their training for useserved as adviser to the former The Dawn Wind. Olive Wyon. 155 Peking Government from 1919 ful and happy and righteous pp. 2s., 6d. Student Christian to 1923, and was appointed ad- Movement Press. London. 1931. viser to the National Govern- womanhood. R. E. 'S. ment in t929. He believes that Gandhi: The Dawn of Indian Freethe passing of exterritoriality in Bells of India. By Ethel Cody Hig- dom. Jack C. Wilson and Venier China marks the end of an era ginbottom. 172 pp. $1.50. Revell. Elwin. 224 pp. $1.50. Revell. in the history of that country New York. 1931. New York. 1931. and the commencement of a new epoch. What this change means For over twenty years Mrs. God-The Eternal Torment of Man. to China and to the complex for- Higginbottom has lived within Marc Boegner. Translated from the eign interests that are involved the sound of India's many bells French by Morton Scott Enslin. 165 is indicated in this v 0 I u m e. and has listened with sympathet- pp. $2. Harpers. New York. 1931. Eleven appendices add valuable ic heart to the more impelling documents and a bibliography. notes of the call of India's peo- God in Freedom-Studies in the Rela- ple. As a missionary of Allaha- tions between Church and State. A. J. B. bad and the wife of a missiona- Luigi Luzzatti. $5. Macmillan. New ry, the founder of the Allahabad York. 1931. Chinatown Quest. By Carol Green Agricultural Institute, she has Wilson. 263 pp. $3. Stanford Uni- often heard the sound of the sa- Good News. C. V. Sheatsley. 156 pp. versity Press, Stanford, Calif. 1931. cred cowbells and those which $1. The Book Concern. Columbus, are worn by the donkey, the ox- @hio. 1931. This book bears the sub-title en, the goat and the elephant. "The Life Adventures of Don- The bells of the temple have His Bequest-The Believer's Riches in aldina Cameron." The sub-title often clashed with those of the is faithfully descriptive. The mission school. The memories Trust. Norman B. Harrison. 48 Pl?· book is the story of one of the awakened by these bells and most devoted, courageous, mod- other associations have given Gift edition 40c, Art cover 25c. BIest and useful women in Amer- Mrs. Higginbottom the opportu- ble Institute Colportage Assn. Chiica. With no trumpets or avoid- nity to describe the various cus- cago. 1931. able publicity, with fearlessness toms of the people, the life on that has faced danger and death the farm, the lives of those asso- He'athen Rage. Gerald Stanley Lee. again and again, Miss Cameron ciated with the temples and 342 pp. $2.50. Smith. New York. has given a generation to the palaces and in contrast the free, 1931. rescue and education of Chinese satisfying life in the Christian schools. She has also given Curing the Incurable. Winifred Com- much of her time to the care of ber. 35 pp. 6d. Church Mission- lepers and untainted children ary Society. London. 1931. and reveals in her attractive stories the need for better medi- Jesus Came Preaching. George A. cal care and Christian guidance Buttrick. 239 pp. $2.50. Scrib- for these sufferers and their ners. New York. 1931. children. She indirectly appeals for some of the needs of the Al- Khama-King of the Bamangwato. lahabad Agricultural Institute. Julian Mockford. 322 pp. lOs., 6d. Anyone who takes Mrs. Higgin- Jonathan Cape. London. 1931. bottom as a guide will learn many interesting things about The Lutheran Hour. Walter A. Maier. the life and customs and needs 324 pp. $1.50. Concordia Pub. House. St. Louis. 1931. of India. The Missionary's Charm. K. M. Mac- Leod. 234 pp. 2s. Pickering & Inglis. London. 1931.

'Items Obituary Notes BOOKS

(Continued from 2d Cover) PRINTED .. .

The Rev. Francis Shunk Downs, D. The Rev. Rennie Maclnness, Bishop We offer a complete book- D.. a secretary of the Board of For- of the Church of England' in J erusa- making service at reasoneign Missions of the Presbyterian lem, died on December 24th, at Burgh- able rates. Write us your Cliurch, has been called to the First by-Sands, Carlisle,' England. Bishop needs. Church of Berkeley as the successor MacInness was 61 years of age, was ordained in 1896 and went to Cairo BOOK CRAFT GUILD of Rev. Dr. Lapsley A. McAfee. as a missionary three years later. 'In 509 Fifth Avenue 1914 he was consecrated Bishop in New York City * *' * Jerusalem, serving efficiently in this capacity for seventeen years. Munshi Ganeshi Lal The Rev. George W. Ric:hards, D. D., and Son president of the Theological Seminary *** of the Reformed Church in the U. S., 9 Drummond Road, Delhi, India at Lancaster, Pa., and former Mod- The Dr. William E. Witter, who erator of the General Synod of that went as a Baptist missionary to Dealers in denomination, has been elected chair- Assam in 1883, and who, after a sixman of the Executive Committee of year term there, served for 20 years Indian Curios, Jewelry and the Federal Council of the Churches as district secretary for the Baptist Photographs of Christ in America, a place for- Foreign Mission Society in the midmerly filled by Dr. Walter L. Lingle. western and New England sections of By Appointment to His Excellency the United States, died in Rochester, The Governor of United Provinces *** N. Y., Nov. 5. Following his secre- tarial service, Dr. Witter had re- write for prices or Henry Roe Cloud, a Winnebago In- t'.lrned to Assam for a seven year pe- Send j:or Sample 100 Rupee Box dian, president of the American In- rIod, b~t since 1922 he resided in dian Institute at Wichita, Kansas, has Rochester. of Interesting Curios been appointed to the staff of the They Make Wonderful Gifts Bureau of Indian Affairs in Wash- *** All goods carefully packed and shipped prepaid.• ington, D. C., as field secretary. He Dr. Joseph W. Cook died of typhus in Hamadan, Persia, on January 7, at Send payment by has been granted a year's leave of ab- the age of forty-eight. In 1912 he Postal or Express Order sence by the Presbyterian Board of went to Persia as a Presbyterian med- National Missions, under whose direc- ical missionary but after five years The COMMUNITY tion the Institute is. Mrs. Cloud will was .obliged to resign on 'account of CHURCHMAN continue at the Institute as super- his health. In 1929 Dr. Cook revisor of student work. turned to Persia. A journal interpreting various ef- forts in union, federated and com- *** *** munity churches toward community betterment. There are now over Bishop Motozo Akazawa, fourth William Sylvester Holt, formerly a two thousand such churches in P!esbyterian' missionary' in China, Americo, the most rapidly develop· Bishop of the Japan Methodist dIed recently at the age of eighty– ing religious movement in the three. At Soochow and Shanghai he country. The larger problems of Church, has been visiting in this coun- rendered valuable service for twelve American' Christianity and of years. Serious illness causing his re- world Christianity also receive try as a delegate to the recent Ecu- tUrn, he turned to work among the attention. menical Conference in Atlanta, Geor- Chinese on the Pacific Coast. The gia. , Chinese church in Portland is known SPECIAL CLUB OFFER as "Holt Chinese Church." The Missionary Review of the *** *** World……………… $2.50 Dr. Helen Kim returned in Novem- The Community Churchllk!ln .. , 1.00 ber to Korea after several years of Gaylord S. White, dean of Union graduate study in the United States. Theological Seminary, New York City, $3.50 She is the president of the Woman's died on December 6th. He was for Both for S2.75. Save 75 cenb. many years head worker at the Union Christian College at Seoul. settlement and had a wide knowledge THE COMMUNITY CHURCHMAN of the many problems in this field. Pork Ridse, III. *** His place will be difficult to fill.

Mrs. Dorr Diefendorf has been *** elected chairman of the Foreign Department of the Woman's Foreign Louise Bates Boomer, widow of Dr. Missionary Society of the Methodist William B. Boomer, who with her Church, taking the place of Mrs. husband gave thirty-seven years of Francis J. McConnell who had re- service to Chile, died September 22 at aigned. East Northfield, Mass. She sailed for Latin America in 1887, and in 1924 *** they were placed upon the roll of hon- orably retired missionaries. She as- Mias Harriet Halverstadt, the Amer- sisted her husband in the preparation ican missionary who was kidnapped of the Spanish hymnal. the latter part of December, was released by the bandits after a brief *** period of captivity. Julius Rosenwald of Chicago, one of *** the outstanding philanthropists of the world, died on January 6th at the age Elsie Schuyler, M. D.. wife of the of sixty-nine. While Mr. Rosenwald was a Hebrew, he gave largely to ReT. Burl T. Schuyler of Lahore, many Christian enterprises, including the Y. M. C. A. and Tuskegee Insti- India, was the recipient of the Kaiser- tute, and to countless other philani-Hind gold medal as an indication of thropies-for Jews, Negroes and oththe aJlPreciation of the government of ers in need of friendly help. His Majesty, King George V, in the eIalPanja~, for her medical work, espe- Citi~ In the leper asylum in Ambala

Christ Known to

The Goods News of the Way, the Truth and the Life through Christ is interpreted to Moslems through the Literature published in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Urdu, Panjabi, Chinese and other languages spoken by Moslems in all parts of the world. You can help to supply this much needed Christian literature for millions who have never heard this Good News-in Egypt Palestine Malaysia Morocco Turkey China AI«iers Arabia Java Tunis Irak Sumatra Syria Persia South Africa India You may not be able to go but you can help the missionaries in these countries through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems.

This Society does not send missionaries but cooperates with the Nile Mission Press and Interdenominational Committees on the field.

BOARD OF MANAGERS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice-Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice-President Mrs. William Borden Dr. John H. Raven Dr. James Cantine, Cor. Sec. Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Mrs. J, M. Montgomery Rev. Mills J. Taylor, D.D.

Rev. Robert W. Searle, D.D. Mr. Fennell P. Turner Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treas. Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D.

Gifts may be sent to The Treasurer at 116 East 68th'St., New York City. Apply for information and literature to The Moslem W()'f'ld, 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

WITH GOD IN PAPUA The work begun by Jdmes Chdlmers dnd Chdrles W. Abel continues. God is working by His Spirit in Pdpua today, transforming former cdnnibals into witnessing Christidns.

Would you like to hear more of the wonderful story? Write for d free copy of KWdto Mission Tidings.

New Guinea Evangelization SocietYI Inc.

HUGH It MONRO, President. J. H. RIGHTER, Secretory. WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer.

156 Fifth Avenue, • • • New York City A Typical Papuan A Work of Faith and a Labor of Love

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1932

1932

THE The New Year Outlook MODERN YOUTH AND THE MISSIONARY APPEAL KENNETH S. LATOURETTE JOHN R. MOTT ON "THE PRESENT DAY SUMMONS"

A REVIEW BY ARTHUR J. BROWN SOME NEW TRENDS IN LATIN AMERICA JOHN A. MACKAY BRAZIL-YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW H. C.TUCKER INDIA AND THE ROUND TABLE CONFERENCES WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN A BANKER LOOKS AT THE WORLD HUGH R. MONRO THE NEW VISION OF HOME MISSIONS WILLIAM R. KING CHRIST AND THE WORLD OF ISLAM SAMUEL M. ZWEMER PRIMITIVE TRIBES OF THE CARIBBEAN THOS. C. MOFFETT

to Remember January 4-6-HoME MISSIONS COUN- January 18-19-COVNCIL OF

CIL, ANNUAL <MEETING, Toronto, BOARDS OF EDUCATION, Cincinnati, December 30-January 3, 1932-STU- Canada. Ohio. DENT VOLUNTEER CONVENTION, Buf- ,falo, New York. January 9-11-FEDERATION OF WOM- January 24-CHILD LABoR DAY. AN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS, February 4-IN~ATIONAL COUNCIL January 2-3-CoUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR ANNUAL MEETING, Bronxville, N. Y. HOME MISSIONS, ANNUAL MEETING, OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION, Chicago, Toronto, Canada. January 12-15 – FOREIGN MISSIONS Illinois. CONFERENCE OF NORTH AMERICA, Atlantic City, New Jersey. February 12-WolW> DAY OF PRAYER.

July 25-31-WolW> SUNDAY SCHOOL CONVENTION, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Read THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor IN THE JANUARY NUMBER: BISHOP LINTON, OF PERSIA, writes on present-ddY "Evengelism through School. in the Neer Ee.t". This will dwaken lively discussion, because of contrasting policies and methods now at work. Islam claims to have an Evangel, as Professor Frank Hugh Foster of Oberlin points out in an excellent article on "Mohemmed's Evengel" to the world of his day. Perhaps the most important contribution' in this issue is by the Orientelist Professor Duncan B. Mecdoneld of Hartford. It is a scientific study on the meaning of Ruh (Spirit) in Isldmic thought,_ term which needs eluciddtion. More popular are the articles on "Medicel Mission." by Dr. E. M. Dodd, formerly of Persiai on the "Sources of the Koren", by Dr. E. E. CalverleYi dnd on "Chine.e Moslem Chronology", by Isaac Mdson of Shanghai. Professor Richard Bell of Edinburgh, and Professor Nathaniel Schmidt of Cornell, contribute studies on "Men on the A'ref" clOd on "Ibn Kheldun's Prolegomene". A Turkish Professor discusses the meaning of the Hlnif referred to in the Koran.

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Chat Vol. LV THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD No.1

DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor THE REVIEW comes to you at the beginning of a January, 1932 new New Year, in a new form. We hope you will FRONTISPIECE-Some Speakers at the Student Volunteer Conven- like it. The reasons for the change are many-chiefly tion ………………………………………………. . to save expenses in print- ing, while giving the same Page wealth of material and at- tractive illustrations. It is TOPICS OF THE TIMES …………………………. Editorials 3 the most popular size for magazines today. With God in the New Year ~ndia and Its Future We welcome this month Bright Spots in Dark Days The Manchurian Muddle a new member of our Edi- torial Family, Mrs. Estella The Incompleted Work Kagawa's Message to America S. Aitchison of Granville, Qhio, who will present at- MODERN YOUTH AND THE MISSIONARY APPEAL …………. 9 t r act i v e and "Effective By Prof. Kenneth S. Latourette of Yale University Ways of W 0 r kin g" to arouse missionary interest JOHN R. MOTT ON THE PRESENT DAY SUMMONS. . . . . . . . . . . .. 13 in the home, the church and A recent book review by Dr. Arthur J. Brown the school. Do not overlook these excellent plans. PRAISE AND PRAYER FOR THE NEW yEAR ……………… 16 The World's Week of Prayer Topics Read the list of articles promised for coming issues SOME NEW TRENDS IN LATIN AMERICA ………………… 17 (page 8). Do not fail to By John A. Mackay, Litt.D. of Mexico City renew your subscriptionif it has expired-and en- THE BIBLE A CURE FOR DEPRESSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20 list your friends as new By Robert E. Speer of New York subscribers. They will not regret it. BRAZIL-YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW ………….. 21 By the Rev. H. C. Tucker, D.D. of Rio de Janeiro Our new printer, The Wm. B. Burford Printing INDIA AND THE ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE ……..•……. 25 Company of Indianapolis, By the Rev. Wm. I. Chamberlain. Ph.D. formerly of India is giving us an attractive magazine typographically A BANKER LOOKS AT THE WORLD ………………………. 28 and promises courteous and By Hugh R. Monro, President of the Montclair National Bank efficient service such as we have received from our re- THE NEW VISION OF HOME MISSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 cent printers, The Evan- By the Rev. Wm. R. King, D.D., Secretary, Home Missions Council gelical Press of Harrisburg, Pa. CHRIST AND THE WORLD OF ISLAM ……………………. 34 By the Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D.D. of Princeton PRIMITIVE TRIBES OF THE CARIBBEAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37 By the Rev. Thomas C. Moffett of Philadelphia THE SPIRIT OF HOME MISSIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 40 By Ezra Cox-The Christian Advocate EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 41 Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 45 Edited by Helen M. Brickman and Florence G. Tyler OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK …………………………… 49 A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information Publication Office 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. Application has been made to transfer to Indianapolis, Ind. 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by the MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., INC.

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REVIB_ ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER ONE JANUARY, 1932 Topics of the Times WITH GOD IN THE NEW YEAR ous is it that the eternal Creator has revealed What a wonderful experience it would be to see Himself and His way of life to man and has ofthe present world situation from the viewpoint of fered to him the possibility of fellowship and God and eternity. How insignificant would seem partnership in the work of making God and His the petty financial worries of the movement. How way of life known to all mankind! What comtrivial would appear the international jealousies passion and patience must characterize the Divine and suspicions, the covetous contests for a little Mind and Heart as He sees finite man, with inpatch of earth in Europe or Asia; how foolish finite possibilities, absorbed in the insignificant would seem the racial conflicts in India and the things of earth rather than with great affairs of political strife in the Americas. the Heavenly Kingdom!

The infinite Ruler of the great universe, watch- Truly the love of God, which passes knowledge, ing these petty strifes and efforts of mankind, is the only explanation for the patience of God with human failure. While there is no such thing must experience something of the reaction that as depression with God due to economic distress, comes to a student of entomology watching the there must be a deeper sorrow as He views man's feverish strife of swarms of minute insects as spiritual poverty and a deep disappointment bethey hurry here and there, heaping up little piles cause of man's failure to use divine gifts for Servof earth .and straw and grain, quarrelling with ice in the divine partnership. For two thousand one another, competing for supremacy and organ- years the eternal God patiently sought to train a izing their forces for hostile conflicts. Their brief physically redeemed people to understand His span of life is occupied only with the earth! An nature and way of Life; and now for nearly two interesting but a pityful scene! thousand years He has patiently sought to encour- age a spiritually redeemed people to share their Almighty God planned and created not only the little ball we call the earth with all its wonderful resources; He created and rules the vast universe, knowledge and Life with their fellowmen of all in comparison with which man is less than a races. The work has grown, light has spread, the speck of dust. Must He not look with some such Life has been revealed, but how slowly.

interest and pity on the anxieties, the feverish The New Year dawns, with new opportunities activity, the covetousness and jealousies that and possibilities. Shall this new year be used characterize human society today? He who made more consistently and devotedly to stress the the universe knows no financial depression; He spiritual realities, to build up Godlike character, must have marvelous purposes for the universe to carry out His program, to use His gifts for and for his creature man; He offers something spiritual enrichment and to share with others in better than political preferment and material every land the wonderful blessings of revelation wealth; He who is omnipotent and eternal con- and Life of God that have come through Jesus siders events from a viewpoint other than that Christ?

of events of the passing moment. BRIGHT SPOTS IN DARK DAYS But the most marvelous and overwhelming con- ception is that the Almighty God who is Eternal When we look at the world as a whole, the Spirit has put into this insignificant creature progress of Christianity during the past year man, a spirit akin to His own spiritual nature seems to have· been slow and almost imper- so that man, the creature, can have fellowship ceptible. In America the liquor question is a with God, the Creator, and can grow in His real problem; the economic depression has thrown spiritual likeness and power! Still more marvel- millions out of work; human failure and un- [3]

Christian short-sighted methods have brought after an earthquake so in Mexico, Central and distress to coal miners in the South; banditry South America revolutions are followed by a and vice have made our cities breeding places period of quiet and often by new spiritual progof criminals; these and other evils have filled ress. In the midst of China's turmoil Christians the newspapers and have not commended the are quietly carrying on their ministry of love; national character abroad. In Europe jealousy and lives are being transformed; Japan and Korea and suspicion have characterized international are honeycombed with Christian life and service. relations; the financial disputes over reparations, In Africa, the Kingdom of God is coming in spite the conflict in Poland and Austria, the atheistic of all the obstacles of superstition and ignorance; communism in Russia, political unrest in Ger- many thousands are under Christian instruction many and Italy have continually threatened the and multitudes show transformed lives; men and world's peace. In Asia, a reign of terror has been women, filled with the spirit of Christ, are overthreatened in the agitation for self-government in coming the menace of social degradation. In India, temporarily in suspense awaiting the re- every land of Asia the spirit-filled missionaries sults of the Round Table Conference; the Burman are winning men and women, are founding rebellion has been subdued by British arms; civil churches and are training Christians to be amwar in China has been overshadowed by the dis- bassadors of Christ to their fellows. astrous floods and by banditry and the conflict between Chinese and Japanese in Manchuria; While in the large, the picture of world condi- Korea has been greatly disturbed by mob attacks tions gives cause ·for disappointment and distress, on Chinese residents; under-cover conflict is being when we see the Christlike lives that are lived in waged in Japan between political and military every land-even in Russia-and the Christlike forces for supreme control. In the South Seas the work at hundreds of thousands of c,enters in all agitation for independence has aroused the parts of the world, we thank God and take cour- Filipinos and Australia has been on the verge of age. More than ever today both the regeneration bankruptcy due to a prodigal labor government. of the individual and the reformation of society Latin America has been the scene of revolutions need to be stressed. and changes of rulers-in Cuba, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Peru, Colombia and Venezuela. The It is the purpose of THE REVIEW, during the earth has not been the scene of peace and good- coming year, to point out some of the neglected will during the year 1931. and needy areas, geographical and social, where the Gospel of Christ should be made known, and But if we have eyes to see and can look more to report encouraging signs of Christian progress minutely at the scenes of conflict we note many in every land and among all people, at home and signs of encouragement. Widespread philan- abroad. thropy has greatly lIelieved distress in China and Europe and America; the Round Table Confer- THE INCOMPLETED WORK ence in London has seriously sought a way of peace for India; the international courts and con- Not only has the work which Christ commisferences in Europe have diligently been working sioned His Church to do been imperfectly done in for disarmament, economic readjustment and a the transformation of individuals and of society, solution of the Manchurian problem. Peace or- but many areas are still almost untouched or unganizations are eagerly seeking to educate nations claimed for Him. to live as brothers and Church forces are promoting unity and cooperation among the followers In Japan, one of the best cultivated mission of Christ. Spain, after centuries of religious fields, the evangelization of the country seems bigotry, has become a republic and has proclaimed scarcely begun. Seventy-five per cent of the religious freedom. inhabitants are still Buddhists. All Christians together number only one-half of one per cent. But the real cause of hope and the assurance Large rural districts are still untouched and thouof victory comes from the quiet, effective work of sands of towns and villages are entirely without spiritual forces in all parts of the world. "The Christian preachers or teachers. Kingdom of God c;.omes not with observation" but the seed of life is planted and grows. In North In Korea, which is nominally occupied, there America, religious awakening has followed the are still sixty non-Christians to each Christian. financial depression, the effect being seen in churches and in colleges. In Latin America new In Formosa nine native tribes, with about life is evident in evangelical churches, and the 143,420 members in more than 700 villages, are next World's Sunday School convention is to meet without any permanent Christian work. in Brazil. As the crust of the earth settles down In China, which only a short time ago had almost 8,000 Protestant missionaries, there is so far one Christian among 1,000 inhabitants. Large racial groups of Tibetans, Mongols and other na- tives are entirely unreached by the Gospel. Almost

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

one-fourth of all China is not the field of any Russia and Central Asia are fields where the Chinese or foreign mission society. This field is greatest opposition is encountered by missionaries as large as the United States, excluding Alaska. today.

The unoccupied territory includes practically all Latin America and other nominally Christian of Mongolia, Sinkiang (East Turkestan), Kuku- lands have not yet been truly evangelized. Large nor, Chwanben, Tibet, and large parts of Man- areas are without a witness for Christ and among churia, YUnnan, Kansu, Kwangsi, and Kweichau. even educated classes, materialism and atheism Siam is occupied by one Protestant mission and are increasing.

there is only one Protestant communicant to every Noone can look over the world field and believe 1,000 inhabitants. In large districts there is not that the day has come to withdraw missionaries one Christian. In East Siam with 2,500,000 in- or to decrease their activity. The fruits of the habitants there is not one missionary. Thousands work are encouraging and the Christian Church of villages are unreached and yet the people are is growing and extending the sway of Christ in all very friendly and willing to listen to the Gospel. these lands. Until the work which the Risen Lord In British Malaysia there is little mission work gave His disciples to do has been completed there outside of a few cities. Most of the Malays are is a call for greater devotion, larger sacrifice, nominally Mohammedans. Sarawak, Brunei, Brit- more prayer and an increased number of faithful ish North Borneo are nearly untouched and every missionaries of the Gospel.

attempt to convert Mohammedan Malays in those regions is prohibited. Much of the Celebes and of INDIA AND ITS FUTURE New Guinea is also untouched. India, although one of the greatest mission The Round Table Conference in London has fields, has over 600,000 villages in which, so far proved a disappointment to the Indian Nationalas one knows, there is not one Christian. Nepal, ists and Mahatma Gandhi returns home with the Bhutan, Tibet and 500 "native states" are un- threat of another civil disobedience campaign. occupied and desire no Christian effort. Burma The British Government has, however, promised has more than 35,000 villages, but Christians are to promote an All India Federation which will found in only 2,333. Ceylon has nearly 10,000 embrace the independent states and the British villages without one Christian inhabitant and 450 Indian provinces. This seems the best solution of of them have a population of mor~than 500 each. India's governmental problems at present, but its In Mohammedan countries there are still 100 success depends largely on the cooperation of the million women and children not yet reached by Moslem population and the Indian National Conthe Gospel and an equal number of men and boys gress. The Round Table Conference is to be kept almost untouched. Afghanistan, with a popula- in existence in India through a small committee tion of 8,000,000 Mohammedans, is a country en- to which will be committed the task of forming a tirely closed to Christian missions. In Mesopota- federal constitution, determining the electorate mia (Iraq) there is one Protestant united mission arid planning Indian finance. Moslems and other at work. In Persia large stretches are not yet minorities are promised reasonable representation touched and in the south only a small part of the and protection. The Northwest Frontier Province country has any Christian work. Arabia has a and Sind, which are predominantly Moslem, will few isolated missions on its borders. The interior be made into separate "Governor's Provinces," with provincial self-government. Lord Sankey's is unreached. federal structures committee gives India a Fed- The 40,000,000 inhabitants of Asiatic Russia eral Constitution which provides for a central are without Gospel preaching. Only isolated Prot- Parliament of two houses. The upper house of estants ave found there. 200 members is to be chosen by Provincial legis- latures and the lower house of 300 members by In large sections of Turkey there are no Chris- direct popular vote on a populations basis. tian missionaries and in all Turkey, Christians are forbidden to influence minors. There is hope that Mahatma Gandhi will return to India with the purpose to cooperate in giving Who will say that no more missionaries are his people as large a measure of self-government needed? as possible. Until the various Indian elements are ready to work together there is not much hope Africa is still the Dark Continent with a million of peace and a successful self-government. The square miles of territory unevangelized and mil- British must in the meantime maintain control of the army and must decide foreign policies; they lions of Africans still in utter darkness or brought into harmful contact with godless Europeans. Here is still being waged the conflict between witchcraft, the False Prophet (Mohammed) and must for some time largely control the courts, the Christ. railroads and other public communications and

utilities; there must be cooperation in education great factor in Indian life and thought and He and social welfare. Liberty and justice must be offers the only solution of India's problems. guaranteed by the British until India is able to maintain them. In view of these great and varied problems it is interesting and illuminating to note the facts Mahatma Gandhi is a remarkable character, disclosed by the latest government census, which showing an unusual spirit of self-sacrifice and shows the total population of India to be 352,986,- idealism, but many of his economic, religious and 876, of which 181,921,914 are males and 171,064,- political ideas seem unpractical and inconsistent. 962 females, an increase of 10.6 per cent since While he has confessedly received most of his 1921. The population by religions shows that idealistic inspiration from Jesus Christ, he denies Hindus number 238,330,912, Moslems 77,743,928, His claims to universal supremacy. While claim- Sikhs 4,366,442, and Christians 5,961,794. During ing to be a pacifist, he creates strife. the last decade Christians show an increase of 32.6 per cent. Moslems increased 13.1 per cent, Lord Irwin, the recent Viceroy of India, in a while the Hindus increased only 10 per cent comspeech in London, made reference to Mr. Gandhi's pared with a rise of 10.6 per cent in the total inconsistent attitude towards missionary work, population. and testified to his own attitude as follows: Of the total Christian popUlation 3,968,623 are "People have been puzzled by some remarks in South India, including the Indian states of reported to have been made by Mr. Gandhi on the Travancore and Cochin (which have a Christian subject of the work of Christian missionaries. population of 1,958,811), Mysore and Hyderabad. From my knowledge of him, I can only say this: About three-fifths of the total Christian popula- It would require very strong proof to convince tion of India is in the south. The rates of increase one that he, who is one of the greatest social re- in Christians by provinces and Indian states, indiformers India has known, has failed to recognize cate that in the Hyderabad state (ruled by a Mosthat the real work of Christian missions is poles lem prince) there has been the largest increaseasunder from 'proselytising' as commonly under- nearly 150 per cent. This has been due to the stood. I am sure he knows, as we do, that the mass movement towards Christianity among the work springs only from the irresistible impUlse Hindu outcastes of this state. In Assam and in of men and women who, knowing themselves to Behar also there are notable increases due mostly possess a treasure beyond price, long to share it to the coming 'into the Christian Church of the with their fellows, and are impelled by the value aboriginal races of these regions. they attach to each human soul to spend themselves in lifting the fallen, ministering to the op- CHRISTIANS AND THE MANCHURIAN pressed, and bringing hope to those who have MUDDLE never before known its meaning. Truly, it is by the spirit of service that these men and women China and Japan are in a difficult situation. are inspired. Twenty-five years ago the problem would probably have been solved by Japan taking full possession "While I was Viceroy, I was able to see a good of Manchuria by force of arms. Meanwhile Eudeal of the work and to appreciate not only its rope and America would have looked on, perhaps moral and social results, but also the spirit in disapprovingly, but without protest. which it is conducted. Over and over again I saw the work among outcastes and lepers, among Today times have changed. What is one councriminal tribes and aboriginal dwellers in jungle try's business concerns all of the civilized world, tracts, in crowded cities and remote places in the where international problems and relations are hills. I have seen men and women struggling to touched. The World Court, the Kellogg Pact, the translate the message of Christ into the practical League of Nations and treaties guaranteeing the language of everyday life, spending themselves to preservation of China's territorial integrity-all cause America and Europe to have something to bring Christianity to India. As a man, I value say when Japanese armed forces invade Chinese territory, kill Chinese, take over Chinese public such work as this. The missionaries are doing offices, telephone, telegraph, railways, arsenals, waterworks, radio and airplanes. work of incalculable value in India, and their most Japan disclaims all purpose of territorial agpowerful sermons are their own lives." grandizement and claims only a desire for the recognition of treaty rights. At the same time all The work of the Christian missionaries is most realize that Japan needs room to expand. She has a population of sixty-five million people residing important for the establishment of peace, right- in 152,000 square miles, an average of 400 to the eousness, brotherly love and goodwill among the Indian peoples. Already as a result of their work, the name of Christ is widely revered, whereas a half century ago He was either unknown or de- spised. Today He is becoming more and more a

square mile. Three-fourths of the land is unpro- Japanese were all militaristic. This is not true of ductive and there are few mineral resources. China or J ~pan or Germany or America or any Manchuria, on the other hand, has over double other intelligent nation. Japanese Christians have Japan's area and one-third the population. She expressed a desire for a peaceful solution of the has an abundance of timber, arable land and min- difficulty.

eral resources. The Chinese do not develop the Manchuria is very inadequately occupied by territory as effectively as Japan, who desires to Christian missions. Nine-tenths of the people are colonize and develop Manchuria. She wishes also Chinese, the other tenth being made up of Man- markets for her silk and other products on which chus, Mongols, Tungus tribes, Koreans, Japanese her prosperity depends. Chinese mobs and ban- and Russians. The principal mission work for the dits resent Japanese aggression and have at times Chinese is carried on by the Scotch Presbyteri- made life unpleasant for Japanese soldiers and ans, Irish Presbyterians and Danish missions.

residents in Manchuria. The Japanese military The British and Foreign Bible Society and the forces, which are directed by the Military Council Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. also are at work in and are not under control of the Japanese Diet, various centers, and Presbyterians and Methodists undertake to maintain order, keep control of the have missions among Koreans and Japanese colo- railway and impose terms of peace on China. A nists. The total number of Protestant mission- practical state of war results which threatens to arjes is 172, of whom 55 are Danish Lutherans, embroil Russia, Europe and Amer:ca. 44 are Irish Presbyterians, 61 are Scotch Presby- Japanese civil authorities favor peace, ,for they terians and 6 are Seventh-Day Adventists. They realize the disastrous results of a Chinese eco- labor in thirty-seven stations-including Mukden, nomic boycott against Japanese goods. It is most Chinchow, Harbin and Kirin. The Protestant important for Japan to cultivate the goodwill of Church membership numbers about 25,000 and other peoples in order to extend her markets. there are reported to be 60,000 Roman Catholics.

There is hope that clearer wisdom and the pres- Large portions of Manchuria, and almost all of sure brought on Japan by America and the League Mongolia, are still unoccupied by any Christian of Nations will effect a peaceful settlement. workers. "It is worthwhile to remember," says The influence of Christian sentiment in China W. C. Fairfield of the American Board, "that the and Japan is encouraging in the midst of this existence of these workers for peace in China and conflict. The federation of Chinese churches of Japan is the direct result of Christian missionary Peiping, the former capital of China, sent to the work. It is the strong belief of many that the National Christian Council of Japan the following only permanent foundation f<'r wol'ld peace is the telegram: spread of Christian goodwill and sympathy until "Whole Chinese nation greatly disturbed by it controls public opinion in every country. The present Manchurian situation. Chinese Christians foreign missionary societies are still the most appeal to Christians of Japan to make common effective agency to bring this about."

cause advocating with their respective govern- KAGAWA'S MESSAGE TO AMERICA ments peaceful means to settle Chinese-Japanese questions, preserving friendship between two Probably no Christian Japanese and few in any neighboring peoples." station in life are as widely known and as in- It is also reported that Madam Chiang Kai Shek fluential for good as js the Japanese Christian is holding daily groups in her home to pray for author, preacher, lecturer and social worker, Dr. China. As Rev. W. C. Fairfield remarks in The Toyohiko Kagawa, who has been in America lec- Congregationalist, "The truth is that the Chinese turing in various colleges and cities. The readers Christians are taking their Christianity more of THE REVIEW are already well acquainted with seriously than we ourselves would think of doing! his life and work, including his inauguration of Their criticism of missions is not that it goes too the Kingdom of God Movement in Japan, which far in imposing an alien faith on the Chinese, but aims to win a million souls to Christ and apply that in America it fails to go far enough into its the principles of Jesus to the social, economic and own implications, i. e., into the implications of a other phases of life in that empire.

universal religion, supreme, therefore, in the At a recent luncheon, given to Dr. Kagawa in moral and intellectual, as well as in the spiritual, New York and attended by leading representarealms." tives of national and international Christian or- The Chinese Christians have called on the Jap- ganizations, the guest of honor expressed his deep anese Christians to join them in efforts to find a conviction that now is the time of greatest crisis Christian solution and to maintain peace. The in the world. It is a time when, as in the days presence in Japan of a strong anti-military party when Christ was on earth, we are called to leave makes it incorrect to think or speak as if the all and follow Him if we would spread His King-

dom among men. We should be "gamblers for under Christian leadership has proved very suc- God," putting all we have and are on His altar cessful and has led Japanese farmers to look to and devoting all to His service. "Being a luke- God and to the Christian cooperation, rather than warm Christian is not interesting or profitable," to communism, for a solution of their problems. said Dr. Kagawa. He emphasized the fact that the Kingdom of God Mov,ement in Japan is based When Dr. Kagawa was asked what American on the teachings of Christ and on prayer. "Where Christians can do to help make this program efthere is true prayer the Church grows." We must fective, he replied: "The greatest need is for a take Christ and His program seriously and put revival of spiritual life in America. How can the His principles into practice if we would win the army at the front receive much help from a rebattle against communism and against atheism, serve army that is weak or asleep? I find in against sin and selfishness. America both the worst and the best; the lowest morality and the highest spirituality. America In Japan there are 70,000 Shinto priests and must purify and strengthen her own life. Why is about 200,000 Buddhist priests, while there are it that while the divorce rate in Japan has deonly 2,000 Christian preachers. In 800 Japanese creased from 40 per cent to 10 per cent, the dichurches there was an addition of only about 800 vorces in America have increased from 3 per cent new members last year. We need a revival in to 17 per cent? Why is it that there are more Japan. Through the Kingdom of God Movement murders in New York in one month than in all of some 50,000 converts have been won in the past England in a year?" Will American Christians four years. There is need for more preachers. acccept this challenge, and not only seek a revival The scholastic standing requil'ed by the theologi- of spiritual life in our own hearts and churches, cal seminaries in Japan is too high for the min- and an expunging of the blots on the 'scutcheon isters who would go out to preach the Gospel to of our own nation, but can we not also help this the millions of unreached Japanese farmers. Dr. devoted and valiant soldier of the Cross in Japan Kagawa proposes to train 5,000 Japanese lay to fight the battle for righteousness and to extend preachers for this purpose – giving them short- the Gospel of Christ among his countrymen? As term courses in Bible, in social service, in evangel- Dr. Kagawa remarked, "The missionaries of comism, and in farming and handicrafts. munism who come to Japan do not speak of them- selves as 'foreign missionaries' but as representa- There is great need for Christian teachers, and tives of 'The Third International.' The mission- aries of Christ are the representatives of the Dr. Kagawa proposes to establish itinerating 'Heavenly International' to all peoples. The time has come to drop the word 'foreign missions' and short-term Christian schools in country districts adopt the term World Missions. Advance the cause of Christ anywhere and we help to advance it to meet the present great need for Christian edu- everywhere."

cation among the peasants and industrial workers.

This is the best way to counteract irreligion, com- munism and social evils. Cooperative farming Up,.T0"Date Coming Articles tn the REVIEW Students Rallying for Foreign Service ……………………….. The Buffalo Convention Do Men Really Need Christ? …………………………………..Cleland B. McAfee The Future of Foreign Missions …………………………………..Robert E. Speer Are Home Missions Making Progress? ……………………………..William R. King The Religious Situation in Italy …………………………………….. W. H. Rainey Why Mission Boards Are Worthwhile ……………………. , ………. Arthur J. Brown Why Is Arabia Still Neglected? ……………………………….. Samuel M. Zwemer A Christian Among the Mormons…. '" …………………….. Andrew J. Montgomery Do Christ's Methods Apply Today? ……………………………… Sam Higginbottom World Friendship Books for Children ………………………………..Hazel V. Orton Successful Ways of Working ……………………………. " .. , ..Estella S. Aitchison

A PART OF THE GREAT STUDENT VOLUNTEER CONVENTION IN DES MOINES TWELVE YEARS

Seven thousand students were present and five hundred from foreign mission fields. On the platform were seated as many delegates as attended the first Student Volunter Convention in Cleveland in 1891. Above the platform hung the Watchword of the Movement, "The Evangelization of the World in This Generation." At the back was the map showing the mission fields into which over 8,000 Student Volunteers had gone in the thirty·three years of the Movement.

Modern Youth and the Missionary Appeal J:. By PROFESSOR KENNETH S. LATOURETTE I New Haven, Connecticut, Professor of Missions and Oriental History at Yale University; author of "History of Christian Missions in China"

T HOSE of us whose contacts with students and nurtured by one of our great denominations, go back twenty or thirty years have seen so far as the Christian Association knows, there on many campuses great changes in atti- is not one undergraduate who is planning to be a tude toward the appeal to life service as foreign foreign missionary. In another university with missionaries. There are quite a number of col- a somewhat similar missionary past, the man asleges and universities, which two or three decades signed to organize a delegation to the last ago had strong groups of Student Volunteers, quadrennial convention of the Student Volunteer where today there are no students preparing to be Movement could not find an undergraduate who missionaries. Among these are some which were was planning to be a missionary. He, himself, founded as Christian institutions, which still are deeply religious and conscientious and of outofficially such, and which have a long and honor- standing intellectual ability and the son of a man able history as sources of personnel for the for- who has given his life in notable service to miseign work of the Church. On one such campus, sions, had-and has-no intention of becoming a for instance, from which have gone forth in the missionary. past some of the most distinguished leaders of the missionary enterprise and which was founded These are not isolated or meaningless phe- nomena. They seem not to be instances of that [9]

temporary ebbing of missionary interest with wondering whether one religion is not about as which we have long been familiar on individual good as another and whether Christians have not campuses after the graduation of some earnest quite as much to learn from non-Christians as student who has been a contagious center of infor- non-Christians have to learn from Christians. mation and conviction. On at least one of the two Western Christianity is held to have obscured campuses instanced above are two older men in Christ and his teachings and a man like Gandhi, close touch with students, who have the confidence who makes no profession of being Christian, is of the Christian group. They are devoted to the declared to be more Christlike than most anmissionary enterprise and seek to enlist others in nounced Christians. There is a feeling, too, that it, but have been powerless to stem the tide. The the day of the foreign missionary is past, and that waning of interest, moreover, has been chiefly in the younger churches are now able to carry on certain types of institutions-those supported by without foreign assistance other than financial. the state, and the older more heavily endowed colleges and universities, most of the latter pro- Not all of these factors operate on anyone infessedly Christian-usually of high repute for dividual or on every campus, but they are all to scholarship and social standing. be found somewhere in our academic life. The crux of the situation is the many and rapid The decline cannot be ascribed to any single changes induced by our machine and scientific age cause. It is due partly to the prevailing climate which are revolutionizing all life. Those who are of opinion of many of our campuses. Criticism of older and have watched some of these changes religion in and out of the classroom, and secular- come are often bewildered and set adrift from istic attitudes toward life are dominant in a large their accustomed moorings. We must not be surnumber of our institutions and make difficult any prised if those who are younger and who are interest in missions. Then, too, there is wide- hurried into our kaleidoscopic age grow up unspread ignorance of missions, even in Christian certain, unable to give themselves to the old with student groups. This is probably greater than it conviction, and having nothing new to which to was two decades ago, although it was dense tie. enough then. Twenty or twenty-five years ago in student Christian summer conferences a period But the contrast between half a generation ago each day was usually assigned to mission study and now must not be exaggerated. We are prone and appeals for missions were heard regularly to view the past through rose-hued glasses and to from the platform. Today mission study has look backward for some golden age. Except on dropped out of practically all, if not all, such a very few campuses, and intermittently even gatherings. Addresses on missions may still be there, missions have never been a consuming inheard from the platform, but slighting remarks terest of more than a small minority of students. about them from speakers are also not unknown. The majority of their fellows have always re- garded prospective missionaries as a little ec- Moreover, student idealism tends to be diverted centric and perhaps even mildly demented. It is into other channels. Two decades ago it was a rare institution in which the ignorance about widely felt in student Christian circles that the missions has ever been anything but colossaL highest form of consecration was the dedication Even though the prevailing atmosphere is less of one's life to foreign missions. The foreign favorable today than it was a quarter of a century missionary enterprise was regarded as the best ago, it was not then particularly conducive to medium through which to express that idealism commitment to missionary service. which fortunately is characteristic of many of our youth. Today student idealism seeks to rid the Moreover, and fortunately, colleges, univerworld of war, to solve race conflicts, and to dis- sities, and theological schools still exist where the cover an escape from some of our industrial ills. environment is favorable to missions. From them More often than not, moreover, this idealism does students continue to offer themselves for service not think of Christian missions as a means toward abroad. They may be declared by the pessimist to the attainment of these goals. be survivors of an older era, the last remnants of rapidly crumbling bulwarks against the new age. A smaller factor, but still important, is the de- This, however, cannot be said of all of them, for clining incomes of the boards and the consequent among them are some of the most progressive and failure to appoint some individuals whom the highly esteemed schools in the land. Students campus has known. The impression thus gets are, moreover, offering themselves today with abroad that more missionaries are not really as devoted a spirit as they ever have – even though in smaller numbers. There are indications needed. that the tide may have begun to turn. Reports of Then again, widespread uncertainty exists as an increasing serious interest in religion come from British universities, and may be the foreto the need for missions. Even strong Christian leaders, both graduate and undergraduate, are

MODERN YOUTH AND THE MISSIONARY APPEAL

On the Program of the Coming Student Volunteer Convention MILTON T. STAUFFER, D.D. THOMAS JESSE JONES, Ph.D., Minister of the Reformed Church LL.D., Educational director of the Phelps Stokes Fund; in in America and Lecturer on 1920-21, chairman of the Edu- Missions and Non-Christian Re- cational Commission to West, ligions in the New Brunswick South and Equatorial Africa, in (N. J.) Seminary; formerly mis- 1924 to East Africa; author of sionary in China; editor of "The "Education in Africa," "Four Christian Occupation of China"; Essentials of Education," "Es- for six years Educational Secre- sentials of Civilization," and other volumes. tary of the Student Volunteer Movement.

KENNETH S. LATOURETTE, SAMUEL G. INMAN, LL.D., Ph.D., Professor of Missions and Secretary of the Committee on Oriental History, Yale Univer- Cooperation in Latin America; sity; formerly on the faculty of sometime lecturer in the Uni- Yale-in-China; author of "The versity of Chile, Northwestern Development of China," "His- University, and Columbia Unitory of Christian Missions in versity; author of "Trailing the China," and other books. Conquistadores" and other books on Latin American problems. ALDEN H . CLARK, D.D., For- eign Secretary of the Congrega- DANIEL J. FLEMING, Ph.D., tional Board of Foreign Mis- Professor of Missions at Union sions; for twenty-six years a Seminary; formerly of Forman missionary in India, where he Christian College, Lahore, India; founded the Nagpada Neigbor- author of "Contacts with Non- hood House, Bombay, and was Christian Cultures," "Whither moderator of the Council of In- Bound in Missions," "Marks of dian Churches of West India; a World Christian." author of "India on the March."

RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER, P. H. J. LERRIGO, D.D., M.D., D.D., Corresponding Secretary Home Secretary and Secretary of the Board of Foreign Mis- for the Belgian Congo of the sions of the Methodist Episcopal American Baptist Foreign Mis- Church; formerly secretary of sion Society; medical missionary the Missionary Education Move- in Alaska for two years and in ment; author of "The World Service of the Methodist Epis- the Philippine Islands for eleven copal Church." years; author of "Rock Break- ers," "God's Dynamite."

WALTER JUDD, M.D., for six WILLIAM McE. MILLER, mis- years medical missionary of the sionary to Persia for ten years; American Board at Shaowu, China, one of the most disturbed in student work with the Inter- areas of Fukien Province; trav- national Committee of the Y. eling secretary of the Student M. C. A. for two years; member Volunteer Movement, 1924-5 and of the traveling staff of the Student Volunteer Movement, 1931. 1931-32.

KENYON L. BUTTERFIELD, WILBUR B. SMITH, Senior Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. LL.D., Counsellor on Rural in Egypt and Palestine; for six Work of the International Mis- years Candidate Secretary of sionary Council; formerly president of the Massachusetts Agri- the Student Volunteer Movecultural College, of Michigan ment; for five years a secretary State College, and of the World of the Y. M. C. A. in India. Agricultural Society; author of "The Christian in Rural India,"

"The Rural Mission of the Church in Eastern Asia."

STUDENTS OF YESTERDAY WHO ARE MISSIONARY LEADERS TODAY

runner of what is to happen in America. Those tion," which had such compelling power upon stuwho have recently traveled a good deal through dents of twenty-five or thirty years ago, has been the colleges in the interest of missions report allowed quietly to slip into the background. We greater openmindedness and less disillusioned speak rather of trying to meet some of the social sophistication than they found four or five years and economic problems of our day which must ago. be at least partially solved if civilization is to go on. Many of us have a conviction that the pro- The number of new student volunteers has in- gram of the missionary enterprise must be radicreased, as compared with four or five years ago. cally readj usted to meet the rapidly changing Those of us who have been present at some of the challenges of our day-that if it is to endure and conferences for outgoing missionaries, held dur- serve the present age it must not perpetuate all ing the past few years, have been impressed with of the program of an older generation. the commendable quality of the new appointees. It is probably impossible to compare accurately Beneath all these changes in the form of the the average ability of the recent appointees of the appeal and in the organization and program of major boards with those of a few decades since, missions there are motives and objectives which but some of us have the impression that it is, if abide. In more than one group of outgoing misanything, somewhat higher than it was. Cer- sionaries, with which some of us have met in these tainly it seems to be higher than it was in the later years, the emphasis upon the need of peryears just after the World War when large num- sonal transformation through the Gospel of Christ bers were sent abroad, financed by the wave of has been quite as great as it was two or three post bellum giving. At least some of the boards decades ago. Altered though many of the misare today unusually careful in making appoint- sionary methods and machinery may need to be, ments and are more strict than ever in their ap- and different though the conditions under which plication of a wide range of tests given to ap- missionaries work undoubtedly are, the basic conplicants. victions which send young people out into the enterprise have remained constant. There is a In some respects the form in which the appeal profound sense of the world's need and of the for missionary service is made today differs radi- power of the Gospel of Christ to meet that need. cally from that of twenty or thirty years ago. There is, too, the belief that any social renova- Then students were often told that as missionaries tion must come through reborn individuals. We they would be leaders, possibly holding positions may not hear quite so much of such terms as sin, of prominence in helping bewildered peoples repentance, faith, and regeneration, but the facts through the revolutionary transition into the back of these terms are still prominent in the world of Occidental culture. It was an age of consciousness of the outgoing missionary. It is Western imperialism, in which idealism spoke in significant that addresses on the Cross of Christ terms of "the white man's burden"-of serving are making a profound appeal to some of our most "backward" peoples with the conviction that they modern-minded American youth, and that here were "lesser breeds" who for an indefinitely long and there groups of students are trying by earnest period would be incapable of self-government. practice to discover for themselves the resources Today, after the humiliation of the Great War and of prayer. the rising tides of nationalism in the East, the white man is more humble and in missionary Is this, after all, anything but what we should circles we talk of cooperation with younger churches, we say to the prospective missionary expect? As Christians we believe that the Spirit that he must rid himself of any remnants of a superiority complex, must keep himself in the of God is still at work in the world, that He still background, and must seek to be great by being servant of all. We are a bit sensitive, too, about convinces men of sin and of righteousness, and using military terms which may seem to imply that missions are a form of imperialism, and such that the Gospel of Christ remains the power of phrases as "the Christian Occupation" or the "Conquest of the Cross" are not in good odor. God unto salvation to everyone who believes.

Rightly or wrongly, moreover, the watchword Centuries ago Paul told the Corinthian Christians "the evangelization of the world in this genera- that changes would be ever with us-old knowl- edge and old conditions giving place to new-but that faith, hope, and love are abiding needs and realities. He spoke as truly for our age as for his own.

The primary interest of the Christian college is in persons rather than in subjects or things. Its fundamental aim is the development and encouragement of the personality of tJ:te student.

-PROFESSOR LUTHER WEIGEL.

Present Day Summons*

A New Call to Service-By John R. Matt I I '.::l[ A Review by the REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D. D. ]t:.. Author of "The Foreign Missionary" ~================================~ I N his latest volume on the present world situa- sure that the readers of the REVIEW will be in- tion Dr. Mott deals with a crisis. Perhaps the word has been rather overdone, but no other terested in the foIIowing statements by Dr. Mott: so adequately expresses the situation that con- "The past twenty years have witnessed incomfronts the Christian people of this generation. That situation is certainly a crisis to them. No parably greater changes in the world than any other living man has a wider background of knowledge and experience in dealing with it than other period of like extent. The same is true of Dr. Mott. He occupies a unique position of influence in the Christian world. He has been one the world mission of Christianity itself, whether of the leaders of the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions for forty years. In one has in view its field of concern, its complexity, 1895, he organized the World's Student Christian Federation and for twenty-five years was its Gen- its pace, or its governing motives or objectives. eral Secretary, and then its Chairman. He was for a long period Secretary of the Foreign Depart- These changes and present-day trends, if we but ment of the International Committee of the Y. M. C. A., and General Secretary of its National grasp their implications, present an irresistible Council. He was Chairman of the two greatest summons to the Christian forces of both Occident missionary conferences of the twentieth century- and Orient. . . . It is evident that the period The World Missionary Conference in Edinburgh on which we have entered is to be the most exactin 1910, and the Jerusalem Conference in 1928. ing in its demands because of the forces which op- He has traveled more widely in the mission field pose us, the many grave and emergent issues than any other man, and has probably a wider which demand attention, and, above all, the fact acquaintance with Christian leaders, both at home that there are so many more Christians now living and abroad. In all these varied positions he has displayed the ability and wisdom of a true Chris- than ever before who have awakened to the heroic tian statesman. implications of the Christian Gospel. . The publication of his "The Present-Day Summons to the World Mission of Christianity" is "World-wide trends and outlook compare favortherefore an important event. The basis of the ably with those I have found at any time since the volume is the lectures that he delivered on the Cole Foundation in 1931 at Vanderbilt Univer- beginning of my first-hand observations in 1895. sity, but he has added considerable material. In a series of suggestive chapters he discusses World I do not overlook certain adverse facts which Trends, The Summons of Rural Life, The Summons of Industry, The Summons of Race, The would seem to contradict this contention. For Summons to Share, The Summons to Serve, The Summons to Cooperate, The Summons of the Liv- example, we cannot ignore the existence and graving Message, The Summons to the Home Base, and The Leadership for this Momentous Day. An ity of the misunderstandings among nations. It extensive bibliography and a fuII index add to the value of the book. It is not easy to make a selec- would be difficult to name a country which, judged tion from such a wealth of material, but we feel by words and actions, understands its neighbors • "The Present-Day Summons to the World Mission of Christialnity", near and far.

By John R. Mott, LL.D.. 325 pp. $2.50. Cokesbury Press, Nashville, Grounds for Optimism Tennessee, 1931. "If adverse facts like these can be given, the question may well be raised: How can the posi- tion be maintained that on the whole the inter- national outlook now is more reassuring than it was, for example, two and three decades ago? I would venture to support the statement by a few facts. In the first place, there are today twenty voices and pens speaking and writing to foster right understanding between nations and to pro- mote good wiII and cooperation among them where there was one such voice or pen thus engaged twenty or thirty years ago. This is in itself a most potential .fact. It means that through the influence of men who do much to affect thought and action, the attitudes and practices of peoples which might formerly have been characterized as [13 ]

passive or as drifting can now be spoken of as at- Christian schools only; now the majority are in titudes and practices of taking initiative and ac- government secular schools. They also cepting responsibility for bringing about larger study abroad. Just now the number in the United understanding and cooperation. The light is now States from Japan, China, the Philippines, Korea, being turned upon situations, practices, and prob- India, and Turkey is 550. Noone can estimate lems which might otherwise have been the occa- the influence of each one of these as she returns to sion of serious misunderstanding, bitterness, and her native land. We might make the attempt by strife. thinking of each one as one thousand. Mrs. Her- "Another ground for optimism regarding the man Liu comments in a suggestive way on the re- international outlook is the fact that all over the sults of study abroad: 'It is very interesting to world there is coming forward a new generation notice that returned girl students from who expect to devote themselves to ushering in a America usually become doctors, social workers.

new day in respect to furthering good will and A great many of them marry and become better constructive cooperation among the peoples of all home-makers. Returned girl students from Eng- lands. In countries like China and Japan they land are practically all teachers and usually stay are rapidly rising into the ascendant. Within two single; from France they are usually "free in decades, probably less, a sufficient number of them their thinking"; while from Russia they are revo- will be in positions of major importance to deter- lutionists, and, nay, Communists, too!'

mine the policy and practice of the nations. . . . Tendencies in Education The great internationalism is the world mission of Christianity. The tens of thousands of mis- "In the realm of education we witness develop- sionaries, as ambassadors, interpreters, and medi- ments, emphases, and tendencies of great signifi- ators, are doing more than any other one factor cance. Within the past two or three decades there to throw out strands of understanding friendship has been throughout Asia and in parts of Africa and unselfish collaboration between the peoples of and the Pacific island world a great multiplication Asia, Africa, and Latin America on the one hand. of universities, colleges, and schools under: govern- and those of Europe, North America, and Aus- ment or other secular control. In these areas, as tralasia on the other. in the West, the increase in enrollment of students "The most notable social trend of our day is the has been enormous. Whereas formerly the at- world-wide awakening and uprising of women. tendance upon these institutions was drawn large- The changes which have been wrought in their ly from more favored groups, it is becoming in- social status and outlook during the past thirty creasingly democratic. More and more the em- years make a difference not of decades but of cen- phasis is being laid upon the purely secular or ma- turies. Still greater changes are now in progress. terialistic. This is seen in the curricula, in the No one can foretell what the next two decades expenditure on equipment, and in the general in- will witness. The world over, education fluence on the studying youth.

has been the key which has unlocked the door to "Thus we find advancing by leaps and bounds higher life and greater opportunity for women. vast secular systems of education with limitless The most significant fact is that women governmental resources and authority at their everywhere owe their present enlarged opportuni- back. At the best their attitude toward religion ties to only one of the founders of the great reli- is neutral. In practical effect, however, it is more gious systems. This is naturally more evident in often anti-religious. The net influence all over those lands where other religious systems still hold the non-Christian world is to develop indifference sway, where life is not so complex, and, therefore, toward all religion. This tendency is strengthened where the lives of women as affected by these sys- by the aggressive propaganda of anti-religious tems are as yet an open book. The gen- movements. The result is that the tradi- eral trend has been upward and outward and on- tional beliefs of vast numbers of students in the ward, and since the Great War the acceleration is lands of the non-Christian religions have been ever more rapid. undermined; and in many nominally Christian "Every period of transition has its dangers, but countries, such as those of Latin America, South- the present is heavy-laden with them. When old eastern and Eastern Europe, and Western Asia, religions and social sanctions are going or gone the students have become, as the Germans says, and no others equally binding are being substitut- konfessionslos-that is, without religious affilia- ed, there must be confusion and human wreckage. tion. One cannot without alarm contemplate this Almost too quickly are these women breaking out trend. What could be more serious than a leader- from seclusion and oppression and restraints into ship for the generation of tomorrow without the the swift currents of this modern age. In early anchoring, guiding, and uplifting power of reason- days, girls were sheltered as well as educated in able and vital religious faith?

JOHN R. MOTT ON THE PRESENT DAY SUMMONS

"Happily, by the side of many of these non- because the religious forces are so numerous and varied and are manifesting such widely different Christian systems of education, the world mission aspects. The impression which one today receives from face-to-face contacts with the non-Christian of Christianity has established its own educational religions is that of gradual disintegration. Un- der the influence of modern science, secular civilwork. If the cause of Christian educa- ization, and historical criticism, as well as of the world mission of Christianity, these systems of tion is to triumph in the face of this grave situa- faith are losing their hold as sources of vital en- ergy and as practical regulative influences on life. tion, it must concentrate on the qualitative, as con- This is particularly true of the educated classes.

trasted with the quantitative, aspect of its pro- "Notwithstanding any handicaps which the world mission of Christianity may suffer because gram. It cannot hope in the matter of numbers of divisions between or within the great Christian communions, the overmastering fact is that the to keep pace with the government and other purely influence of Jesus Christ was never so widespread, so penetrating, and so transforming as it is today. secular institutions, but in the realm of character It is impossible to furnish accurate figures, but it is probably a conservative estimate, based on such building-the development of the entire personal- returns as are available, to say that fully twenty millions of men and women in non-Christian areas ity-it can, if it will, not only excel but also make of Asia and Africa are now looking to Christ for guidance, for redemption, and for power infinitely an indispensable spiritual contribution which no greater than human, where there were less than two millions looking Christward thirty years ago. government or other secular agency can supply. If this be true, it is a stupendous fact. Moreover, the Christward movement is gathering The supreme advantage of Christian education is momentum from decade to decade. Quite as sig- nificant as Christ's conquest of individual lives is that it seeks to counteract the destructive effects His ever-widening sway over whole areas of life and of human relationships. There are multiplyof the purely intellectual approach by providing ing signs on every continent of the quickening of the social conscience. One might almost maintain education for the whole life. To this end, while that Jesus Christ creates the social conscience. Be that as it may, of one thing we are certain: the Christian educational movement must pre~ that where He is best known and obeyed there we find conscience most sensitive and responsive. It serve and strengthen its position of respect and is highly significant that more and more in the lands of the non-Christian religions Christ is beinfluence in point of the thoroughness, up-to-date- ing recognized as the last court of appeal in morals. 'He stands before men as plainly greater ness, and truly progressive character of its intel- than Western civilization, greater than the Chris- tianity that the world has come to know.' " lectual leadership and processes, it must with con- viction make its major contribution in the sphere of religious education. Its chief and constant con- cern must be its product in character and spirit.

This involves paying great prices. It must turn a deaf ear at times to alluring appeals to concern itself chiefly with large numbers. Rather let it deliberately and resolutely center on developing only so many institutions as can be maintained with the highest Christian efficiency. This prin- ciple, in turn, involves preserving at all costs an adequate staff-adequate in contagious Christian conviction and character. Central in all their thinking, planning, contacts, and service will be the influencing of the motives, the springs of ideal- ism, the action of the will through laying secure through bases of faith and through exposure to the Ever-Living and Ever-Creative God as re- vealed in Jesus Christ.

"It is impossible to characterize in any adequate general terms the religious trends and outlook, If the simple, straight, thoroughgoing religion of Jesus Christ could be given free course all through the life and work of each Christian, we should see this world emerging from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the sons of God. We must believe that Jesus knew what He was talking about and meant what He said. We must care supremely about His way, and very little about anything else. What would happen if the whole Church of Jesus Christ should put aside its man-made rituals and creeds and should give itself over to one thing-the finding and following of the way of life which Jesus teaches? This is a hard and anxious time. The world is losing faith in its other gods. The spirit of science is more humble; big business is less sure of itself; the world is lonely and afraid. It is a great day in which to be a Christian.

THE REV. WILLIAM P. MERRILL, D.D.

PRAISE AND PRAYER FOR THE NEW YEAR REASONS FOR THANKSGIVING AND PRAISE The eternal Good News that Christ brought to men to show the way out of troubles and sin and into right relations with God and our fellow men.

The more than twenty thousand ambassadors of Christ who are working amid diffi- culties in the non-Christian lands.

The many thousands of Christians who are working as missionaries in the home mission fields of Europe and America.

The faithful Christians in every land and of every race who are proving by their characters and lives the power of Christ to transform character and equip for life.

The Christian stewards in the home lands who are earnestly promoting the work of Christ by their prayers, their sacrificial gi fts and their service – in the home, in the Church, in business and in society.

The Christian Churches and other organizations that are working to make known Christ and His message, to lead children and youth in the way of Life, to educate, to enlist for service, to help the weak and the suffering-under the direction of the Divine Saviour.

The widespread Christian spirit of brotherhood that leads men to relieve suffering, to bring economic relief, to promote social justice and international and interracial good- will among men.

The signs of spiritual awakening in America in individuals, in colleges and in churches; for the revivals in Korea and India, in the Philippines and Papua, in Africa and Persia; for the great forward movements in Japan and China and Burma.

SUBJECTS FOR SPECIAL PRAYER The special Week of Prayer, January 3rd to 9th, in all churches. Never was this more needed. The financial depression, suffering, widespread unrest and prevailing sin, call for prayers of faith. The following topics are recommended by the Federal Council of Churches for the Week of Prayer, under the general subject: "Preparing the Way for the Living God": Sunday, January 3-A Deepening of the Consciousness of God. Proverbs 29:18; John 14 :6.

Monday, January 4-Faith in and Loyalty to a Conquering Christ. Ephesians 3 :14-21.

Tuesday, January 5-The Leadership of the Holy Spirit. Acts 1 :1-8; John 16 :7-14. Wednesday, January 6-International Goodwill and Cooperation. Isaiah 2 :15; Micah 4:4-7. Thursday, January 7-The Protection of the Home and of Youth. Deut. 6 :1-9; 2 Timothy 2 :1-16. Friday, January 8-The World in a Day of Depression. Luke 4:18-19; Matt. 25 :31-46. Saturday, January 9-A World-Wide Spiritual Revival. Habakkuk 3 :2.

More than ever this year, in a period of depression, when countless men are disheartened and fear- ful, our churches are summoned to united prayer and intercession in order that the awakened sense of our inexhaustible resources in God may inspire the faith and hope and love which the world so sorely needs.

These suggestions for prayer, selected and prepared by the Commission on Evangelism, are sub- mitted to pastors and people everywhere, in the hope that the prayers of many may ascend to the Lord as the prayer of one man.

It is to be remembered that not only in America, but in many other lands, as a result of the circu- lation of a similar call for prayer by the World's Evangelical Alliance, this same period will be observed as a time of prayer.

Thomas Carlyle said, "Prayer is and remains the native and deepest impulse of the soul of man." These times of distress and strain should drive Christians everywhere to the place of prayer and make them more dependent upon God. A revival of prayer in the churches of America will go a long way toward helping us to meet the deepest ills of the present day.

Let us begin the New Year in prayer; then, with ever-increasing faith as the weeks go by, we may end it with a great shout of Christian triumph.

NeV Trends in

America .. :Jl By JOHN A. MACKAY, Litt. D. J!: ..

Mexico City, Young Men's Christian Association I N his book the "Epic of Artigas" the Uruguayan cible in a way which has not happened for gen- poet, Zorilla de San Martin, describes the An- erations and so becomes a challenge to all the dean region of South America as a "rosary of creative Christian forces which can be brought to craters in eruption." Having in view recent hap- bear on the life of these nations.

penings throughout· the Latin-American world, The Cordoba Student Movement this descriptive phrase might very well be applied to political conditions not only on the Pacific sea- In 1918 a revolutionary movement broke out boa r d but throughout the among the students of the old whole area. At least fifteen of Argentine University of Cor- the twenty republics w h i c h Latin America has been called doba which will doubtless ac- compose the Latin American a "rosary of craters in erup- quire increasing significance group of nations have been tion." Few people realize the in the life of Latin America. convulsed by revolutionary The students rose in revolt movements in the course of great significance of these re- against the traditional univerthe last year or two, and cent revolutionary movements sity regime. They launched a others are not without inter- in fifteen republics. They rep- Manifesto to the "free men nal rumblings. resent a change in ideals and of South America." This are a challenge to creative Manifesto is a symbolic docu- To a superficial observer Christian forces. As Dr. ment; it represents the advent these countries might appear Mackay clearly shows, the of a class consciousness in the to be hopelessly committed to new generation of South revolutions as a pol i tic a I student revolts show a new American youth. Formerly method. A knowing and sym- class consciousness. There· is youth had been no more than pathetic student of the situa- a colorful biological episode tion is aware, however, that a religious awakening and a in the life history of men. It r e c e n t revolutionary move- new "Spanish Christ" is pro- claimed – a living Christ in contrast to the eternal babe or a dead Christ. Read what Dr. Mackay says of the evi- ments have had very special dences of the evangelistic now became sculptured into causes and that in a number movement as "an increasing a social class. of cases they represented a de- force." This m 0 v e men t spread cided break with former po- through most of the univer- litical ideology, in spite of the sity centres of the Continent.

violent method employed to give expression to the At first it represented no more than a reaction new ideals. The fact is that in the political life against the University regime, but in the course of Latin America principles begin to take the of time it took on a distinctly social, and later place traditionally occupied by "caudillos." There a political color. University students, members of is a decided trend towards the impersonaIisation a class which traditionally had been uninterested of politics. These countries have undoubtedly be- in labor and in the problems of the proletariat, fore them a long and b~tter period of storm and suddenly discovered a burning social passion in stress, but no one is entitled to be cynical or skep- many parts of the Continent. This was specially tical regarding their future. true in such countries as Chile, Peru and Mexico, On the other hand, the present situation is one where the labor problem was most acute.

in which thought and life have gone into the cru- The Peruvian movement was the most interest- [ 17]

ing and dynamic. Under the leadership of Haya do for the economic and spiritual emancipation de la Torre, a young man of old colonial blood, the what the last battle of the Revolutionary War did students and labor organizations of the Peruvian for political freedom. Religion, as a purifying capital formed a united front of manual and intel- and creative force, will be treated with sympathy, lectual workers. They organized a People's Uni- but clericalism and parasitic religion will be comversity to which they gave the name of Gonzalez batted as it has been in Spain. Prada, the famous Peruvian radical of the previous generation. His dictum: "Age to the grave; This whole trend sets a new task for the misyouth to the task" formed the battle cry of the sionary forces interested in Latin America. If new movement. Every evening classes were held they are to have a real future in these countries for working men and women in some part of the and are to make a genuine spiritual contribution city or surrounding districts. An ethical passion to them, they must see to it that in the domain of inspired the pedagogical task. A multitude of politics and economics the countries from which workers received a new vision of life and of hu- they come shall deal with Latin Americans in acman dignity. Some industrial districts became cordance with Christian principles. If not, then wholly transformed; the Indians of the Sierra be- the day may conceivably arrive when, in utter desgan to send delegates to Lima to plead that some- peration, these Latin countries will follow Russia thing similar be done for them. However, a dicta- and exclude every kind of spiritual influence emtorial government which was keeping a watchful anating from lands which they regard as their eye upon the movement realized that student lead- oppressors. ers were obtaining too much power. Suddenly the latter were exiled and the movement was smashed. The New Status of Religion Banished to different parts of Europe and the A few years ago a distinguished Argentine Americas those students clung tog e the r in writer, Juan B. Teran, described South America thought. Their brilliant and indefatigable leader as the most, irreligious part of the world. He sketched a new organization called the Popular meant to say that in spite of the prevalence of Revolutionary Alliance of America. In 1924 he traditional religious forms, true religion as a entered Russia as a communist at the special invi- fountain of inspiration for conduct and the transtation of the Soviet Government. He saw every- formation of life practically did not exist. While thing and left Russia, as he said, "cured of Com- admitting to a large extent the truth of this inmunism forever." New influences began to play dictment one is bound to say that in recent years upon his life. Studies in Ruskin College, Oxford, religion has been set in a new perspective by in the London School of Economics and in Berlin; thinking people, while abundant evidence exists close contact with British and continental social- that religious preocccupation of a very real kind ists; enthusiasm for the Chinese Kuo-ming-tang; is making its presence felt in Latin American a profound study of the economic and sociolog- society at large. Nowadays the so called "intelical situation of Latin American countries, led lectual" can have religious interests and lead a re- Haya de la Torre to dream of an anti-imperialistic ligious life without it being thought, as would league formed by Latin American lands. In this have been the case a few years ago, that he had way a new political ideology came to the birth sacrificed all claim to be considered intellectually which is as genuinely South American as the ex- respectable. pression of Fascism is Italian and that of Communism is Russian. One striking index of the rising tide of religious interest is the popularity of semi-religious sects The significant thing about all this is that at and societies which have made their appearance the last Peruvian election Haya de la Torre and on the Continent. Theosophy in particular has his new party, in spite of their very radical pro- been making very great progress, especially in the gram, and the fact that the party was a completely more cultured section of society. Less than three new one and their leader had been back to the years ago the President of the Theosophical Socountry for only a few months before the elections ciety, a Hindu and a doctor of philosophy of the took place, came very near winning at the polling University of Cambridge, made a triumphal lecbooths. Sooner or later this party will come into ture tour around South America. Garbed in Oripower and with it another era will break in South ental attire and lecturing in faultless Spanish, he American politics. One of the major issues which filled the largest theatres and university audiwill be tackled by the Cordoba generation, and un- toriums in the centres which he visited, expounddoubtedly on a continental scale, will be the prob- ing the principles of Theosophy and addressing lem of Latin America's economic independence. himself on each occasion to the elite. A new Ayacucho is being dreamed of which will Theosophy makes a many sided appeal at the present time. Its orientalism proves extraordi-

SOME NEW TRENDS IN LATIN AMERICA

narily attractive in countries where everything The Other Spanish Christ Eastern has come to be surrounded by a rosy nim- The student of Spanish Catholicism is aware bus. The fact that Stanley Jones knew India and that a double religious tradition has been running Gandhi gave him a drawing card in South Amer- through the religious life of Spain and the counica. Theosophy also appeals because it offers an tries of Latin America. One tradition has been architectonic world view and inculcates methods symbolised by the typically Spanish Christ, a dead of concentration which help in daily life. figure who is never regarded by the popular re- ligious consciousness as anything save the immor- One of the most interesting institutions in Mex- talization of death. This Christ has never said ico City is a new organization called the Uni- anything to living men. When an ordinary Argenversal Institute of the Impersonal Life. A few tine citizen of today wishes to express the thought years ago a booklet, issued by one of the many that somebody or other has sub-human qualities or original sects in the United States, fell into the is a "poor devil," he says "He is a poor Christ 1" hands of an employee of the Post Office Department in the Mexican capital. He became attracted The other tradition centres around the Christ by it, was converted to its tenets, and translated of the great Spanish mystics of the sixteenth cenit into Spanish. The little volume became the tury; the Christ of St. John of the Cross, of Santa basis of a new indigenous sect which, in the course Teresa and St. Luis de Leon; the Christ of the of a few years, has made thousands of converts in great Spanish reformers, the Valdez brothers, Mexico City and the provinces. The organ of this Juan Perez and Cipriano de Valera; the Christ of group is called Dios: una Revista Filos6fica (God, the eminent Spanish Christian writer, Don Miguel a Philosophic Review). de Unamuno. For all these Christ is the living one who was dead. The new attitude towards religion in university circles is demonstrated by the fact that in the course of the last few years several Christian lec- "The Lord walks among the kitchen pots," said turers have given courses on religion, or distinctly Santa Teresa, writing to the inmates of one of religious addresses in a number of universities in the religious houses she had founded, encouraging Latin America. One thinks in particular of courses them by these words to realise that they could given on the Philosophy of Religion in the univer- have their Lord's presence amid the most menial sities of La Plata, Argentina, and Lima, Peru, by tasks.

Don Julio Navarro Monzo, an Argentine journalist "Christ lives in the fields" said Fray Luis de and writer, who, for a number of years has been Leon focusing religion in the open air and on the lecturing on Christianity throughout the Conti- world's highways.

nent under the auspices of the Young Men's Chris- "Christ is Jesus" and "Jesus means health" said tian Association. A few months ago Dr. George the same writer in a great book "The Names of P. Howard, who represents a number of mission Christ" which he wrote during a five years im- boards in a cooperative evangelistic effort in South prisonment in a dungeon of the Inquisition in Val- America, lectured on Christianity in the Univer- ladolid. He had been confined there for having sity of La Paz. The present writer can bear testi- translated part of the Scriptures into Spanish mony to the fact that students and faculty groups prose. By saying that Christ is "Jesus" Fray Luis throughout the continent are willing to give a meant that true Christianity is spiritual health most attentive and enthusiastic hearing to anyone introduced into the soul by the presence and power who is able to present to them the fundamental of Christ.

truths of religion in relation to the problems of In our own day Don Miguel de Unamuno, the modern life and thought. All this is entirely new restorer and successor of the Spanish mystic tra- in the Latin American world and has taken place dition, finds in the famous painting "The Christ"

within the last few years. of Velasquez the true Christian significance of Recent happenings in Spain are bound to have Jesus Christ. Influenced by the thought of Blaise a far reaching influence not only upon political but Pascal, who said that Christ has not ceased to also upon the religious life of Latin America. The agonize in the souls of His people for the redemp- prestige of the Roman Catholic Church, as an in- tion of the world, Unamuno maintains that "The stitution bound up historically and organically Christ" of Velasquez represents the eternal truth with the Spanish state and the Spanish spirit, has of Christianity, Christ never ceases to carry on been shattered. The way is now open, as it has an agonizing struggle in the lives of His followers.

never been before in the history of Spain and His- In this conception the soul and its Lord, life and panic countries, for a revaluation of the reform religion, are indissolubly bound together.

movement in the sixteenth century, and for a These great souls are beginning to speak afresh serious consideration of the question as to whether to the Spanish world. It is gradually being borne the Iberian race did not lose its way religiously. in on the minds of thoughtful Spaniards and Latin

Americans that there is another Christ in the re- City the ordination of the first Mexican bishop of ligious tradition of their race. A first striking the National Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1931 recognition of the fact that the Christ of popular a suffragan bishop was ordained to guide the faith does not represent the Christian Christ takes destinies of the National Protestant Episcopal the form of a notable book entitled "The Invisible Church in the country. Christ." It was written four years ago by one of the leading literary men of Latin America, Dr. The development of the evangelical movement Ricardo Rojas, ex-rector of the University of in Brazil is little less than extraordinary. This Buenos Aires. In the course of an analysis of the great republic has now within its borders nearly Image, the Word and the Spirit of Christ, Rojas one million evangelical Christians, including the repudiates the "poor Christ" of popular tradition. families of church members. The new Federation He proclaims himself a denominationally unat- of Evangelical Schools is the largest organization tached Christian, but one for whose life and of private schools in the Republic. The young thought Christ means everything. The publication evangelical churches now support a Brazilian Misof this book marks a new era in the attitude of sionary Society to Portugal and another to the Latin American intellectuals towards Christ. Indians of the interior. It was the recognition of the real indigenous character of the evangelical The Evangelical Movement movement in Latin America which led the Inter- national Missionary Council at its enlarged meet- Little space is left in which to express one's ap- ing in .Jerusalem in 1928 to invite these countries praisal of the evangelical movement on the Latin to become represented on the Council by three full American Continent. Evangelical Christianity is members. becoming an increasingly potent spiritual force and in a number of countries it has now become a When one considers the growing potency of the national indigenous movement. new evangelical youth movement in the River- Plate republics of Argentina and Uruguay, the This is particularly true in Mexico and Brazil. ability, ideals and enthusiasm of their members, The new religious laws in Mexico obliged the evan- there seems to be no limit to what may be expected gelical churches to a thoroughgoing nationaliza- of the evangelical movement in Latin America in tion which has been most beneficial for their the years ahead. spiritual life. In 1930 there took place in Mexico The Bible, a Cure for Depression By Robert E. Speer When the days are dark, men need its light.

When the times are hard, men need its comfort.

When the outlook is discouraging, men need its confidence.

When despair is abroad, men need its word of hope.

There are luxuries that may well be spared. There are even necessities that can be cur- tailed. But the Bible, indispensable at all times, is still more indispensable in times like these today.

The Bible is not a book of political maxims or of economic theories. It is not a book of maxims or theories at all. It is a book of living principles. Its spirit is the spirit of brotherli- ness and goodwill. It is a summons to helpfulness: "Bear ye one another's burdens." It is a summons also to self-respecting independence: "Let every man bear his own burden." It teaches charity, but also justice. It calls us to the giving and serving which the strong owe to the weak, and those who have to those who lack; but it also strikes straight and clear at the moral defects in individuals which are responsible for a large part of the poverty and suffering of the world; and also at the moral and economic defects in society, in business relations, and in the distribution of the common resources of the world, which are responsible for the re- maining part.

Christ is the only hope of individuals and of society. And the Bible is the only book which tells His story. It alone preserves His words, which are spirit and life. It alone records His deeds by which He saved the world, and would save it now if we would obey Hint The best thing men can do is to spread the Bible and to get it read and obeyed. This would be the end of hard times, of poverty, of unemployment, of injustice, of wrong, of war.

A VIEW OF THE SHIPPING IN RIO DE JANEIRO HARBOR FORTY-FIVE YEARS

Brazil-Yesterday ,Today and TomorroV ..~I I Bv the REV. H. C. TUCKER, D. D. I'c. . Rio de Janeiro Agent of the American Bible Society r ~~~============================~ W HEN I first went to South America in standards were generally of a low order. Social 1886 Brazil was an empire with a popula- custom made the home largely a place of seclusion and woman's position one of retirement. An en- tion of about 14,000,000, of whom a mil- lightened free press existed in only a limited delion and a half were slaves of African origin. The gree. The supply of wholesome, instructive literofficial census four years later, reported that ature dealing with social, moral and religious racially 6,200,000 were whites, 2,000,000 blacks, problems was very meager. 1,200,000 Indians and 4,600,000 mixed. Educational facilities were provided chiefly for sons of Along the coast the cities and towns were poorly an aristocracy of wealth; fifteen per cent of the built and badly kept; the streets were narrow, population had acquired some education and the roughly paved and dimly lighted. Comparatively teaching force was largely clerical. Roman Ca- little attention was given to hygiene and health tholicism was the state religion, though a degree measures; sewerage systems, if they existed, were of religious liberty was guaranteed by law. The mostly of a primitive type, and the water supply census showe!i 13,851,500 Roman Catholics, only was often very inadequate. Yellow fever, small- 20,000 Evangelical Protestants, and 120,000 of pox and other diseases were prevalent and dis·· other sects; 7,000 claimed to have no religious astrous epidemics were frequent. Malaria, tuberbeliefs. culosis, venereal diseases, and leprosy were wide- spread through the country, and there was ap- Forty-five years ago Brazil was practically parently little thought or effort to control or without the Bible. Religious instruction was con- exterminate these evils. Hospitals were poorly fined to the Roman Catholic Catechism, the oral equipped and accommodations were limited. traditions of the Church and the observance of There were no professionally trained nurses. The rites and ceremonies were perfunctorily performed in Latin. Prevailing moral ideals and [21 ]

AN A VENUE IN RIO AS IT IS TODAY enhance her popularity and give security to her position. The measure quickened interest in ideas rate of infant mortality was very high. Organ- of freedom and liberty. ized play and athletics were unknown. A military uprising in November, 1889, over- In those days industries were few, life was threw the monarchy, it banished the Imperial chiefly rural; agriculture was the principle occu- family to Europe and established a dictatorship. pation, and was carried on with primitive meth- There was no organized resistance to the sentence ods, and without equipment and transportation of banishment. The Emperor quietly submitted facilities except by the pack-mule and ox-cart. and on the night of his embarkation he called a There were few factories; only a few railroads servant and had him fill a little sack with earth ran from coast cities short distances into the in- from the garden, saying: "When I die in Europe terior without cross-country connections. There I wish my head to rest on Brazilian soil, for they were no modern port improvements in any of the will never let my body be buried here." many harbors along Brazil's three thousand miles of coast. In the St. Vincent Church, Lisbon, in 1913, I saw the former emperor's embalmed body with The Imperial Government had diplomatic and the head resting on that pillow of Brazilian earth. consular representatives in some foreign countries Later the sentence of banishment was revoked and and a few Brazilians occasionally traveled abroad, the bodies of the Emporer and Empress were rebut the nation did not figure largely in interna- moved to Brazil. tional affairs, or in scientific and other world conferences. The military dictatorship, dominated by August Comte's philosophy of Positivism, issued a series W,hat of Today? of liberal decrees of far-reaching influence. These decrees included the complete separation of The first great social and economical change in Church and State, establishment of civil marriage Brazil was the freeing of a million and a half of as being the only legal marriage, the secularizaslaves by Imperial decree signed in May, 1888, by tion of the cemeteries; the substitution of lay for the Princess Isabel, who was then on the throne clerical teaching in the schools and the swing from temporarily in the absence of her father, Don languages to mathematics as the basis of the edu- Pedro II, who was in Europe. He was growing cational program. old and the daughter was heiress to the throne. Abolitionists persuaded her that this stroke would A constituent assembly was also convoked to organize a constitution and the Assembly adopted the Constitution of the United States of America, with a few slight changes, and the political and civic machinery for the Republic was inaugurated.

These social and political changes were followed by others of far-reaching influence in the indus- trial and economic order. These included largely the gradual introduction of modern machinery and office appliances-such as the typewriter, electricity, automobiles, wireless telegraphy, mov- ing pictures, radio, aeroplanes, etc. Many new products for home consumption and exportation have been added to gold, diamonds, hard woods, coffee and rubber. Cotton mills have increased fiftyfold since 1886 and many factories have been established. Railroads and telegraph lines have been extended, and extensive city and town im- provement schemes have been carried Olit together with the development of harbors and methods for handling shipping and freight.

Brazil has also become increasingly interested in world affairs and in more recent years has been worthily represented in scientific, economic, in- dustrial and cultural congresses. Her representa- tives at the Hague, in the League of Nations and at other international and world conferences, have made real contributions to these gatherings.

The abolition of slavery, the overthrow of the

BRAZIL-YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW

monarchy, and the establishment of a republic, tional responsibility have developed. Brazil has and the promulgation of liberal decrees have in- begun to make a more scientific survey of her cited the Brazilian mind to work on new in- tribution she will be called upon to make to human tellectual and social problems. Personal liberty, welfare in the development of these resources. the right of the individual to think for himself, and greater freedom for the press have liberalized Along with the new ideas and imported devices thought and stimulated research. Popular edu- have come some dangerous influences. One has cation has been extended and improved technical been the development of a disastrous materialism. and professional courses have been provided. The Rapid industrial and economic expansion has population has increased from fourteen to nearly given rise to extravagance and waste; huge debts forty-two millions, while literacy has grown from have accumulated, and the credit of the country has been seriously damaged.

A SCENE IN A PUBLIC SQUARE IN RIO FORTY·FIVE YEARS AGO fifteen to twenty-five per cent. The cry heard on These changes have also affected social customs. every hand today is for the education of the natural resources and to evaluate the possible conmasses. Women now go about the streets of the cities un- accompanied and hundreds are employed in stores Interest has also been awakened in the large and offices. A real feminist movement is making Indian population of the interior. The Federal rapid headway. Problems of health and hygiene Government and religious organizations are en- are being studied and dealt with efficiently. Nurse deavoring to educate, elevate and christianize training courses are sending well equipped young these red brothers of the forests. Colored freed- Brazilian women as professionals into hospitals men and their offspring enjoy equal privileges and private homes. Interest in organized play for with the whites, and it is claimed that no color children, games and athletics introduced by the line is drawn. These conditions have brought Protestant missions are spreading everywhere. about a number of interesting social, racial and ethnological problems which students and sociolo- Moral ideals and religious thought and life also gists have begun to study. show marked change. The Brazilian mind was shocked to find that by a stroke of the pen the in- A national consciousness and sense of interna-

fallible and all-powerful Church could be set aside from the original Hebrew and Greek and the inand the Roman Catholic Church has had to adjust creasing circulation of the Scriptures have proherself to the new conditions. The necessity for voked the Roman Catholic Hierarchy to provide self-support has caused an increasing activity the New Testaments in Portuguese with notes and during these recent years. comments of the Church fathers.

Protestant missionary work has increased and Evangelical missionaries have also done valuits influence has become a recognized factor of able pioneer work in efforts to exterminate yellow growing importance in the intellectual, social, fever, combat the spread of tuberculosis, venereal" moral and religious life of the nation. Its edu- diseases and leprosy, in promoting health and cational work creates interest in helpful literature hygiene, the care of the teeth, proper feeding and directed play for children and other features of social welfare. Close contacts have been estab- lished with public authorities and a comprehen- sive interpretation has been given to the Gospel message and its social implications in human life.

In what direction do these changes, movements and activities point? God only knows, but we may base reasonable hopes on experience and observa- tion. Brazil may easily become the home of a happy, prosperous population of a hundred and fifty millions by the end of the present century, and there will still be room for more. Over one million uncivilized Indians will be absorbed by the amalgamation process and in a few centuries there may develop a homogeneous race made up MODERN SHIPPING IN RIO HARBOR for all ages and stations in life. Evangelism and AN AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY COLPORTEUR AT WORK the preparation of a native evangelical ministry have been rewarded with encouraging success. of the Portuguese, Indian, ' African, German, The communicant membership of the 20,000 has Italian, Japanese and other elements now minincreased to more than 135,000 among native gling freely together. It is quite certain that the Brazilians. The Sunday School enrollment has traits of the white races will predominate as at grown from a few hundred to more than 121,000 present. Brazil will become more and more the and a number of self-supporting, self-governing greatest laboratory in the world for the student churches, with Brazilian pastors, have been built of ethnology, eugenics and sociology. up. Including immigrant and foreign residents there are more than 300,000 Evangelicals. It is Natural resources will be developed and the estimated that, including children, more than one nation will become increasingly industrial, though in forty of the population are adherents of Pro- she will continue predominantly agricultural. testant Christianity. Popular education for the masses will bring higher intellectual and social levels if secularism The Coming World's Convention is counteracted by spiritual forces and the mes- sage of God's revelation. There is great hope for The progress of evangelism and Christian edu- the triumph of the living Christ in the hearts of cation has justified the Worlds Sunday School As- the nation. sociation in accepting an invitation to hold the Eleventh World Convention at Rio in July, 1932.

Popularizing the reading of the Bible has been one of the chief factors in this Evangelical movement. Two great Bible societies, the British and Foreign and the American, and their representatives, with the cordial cooperation of missionaries and national workers, have increased the annual circulation of Scriptures from 15,000 forty-five years ago to about 400,000. Publicity given to the work of translating the Bible into Portuguese

and the Round Table

~'I By the REV. WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Ph. 11:'. N ew York Secretary Board of Foreign Missions, Reformed Church in America A FEW months ago a writer in the New India. Dr. Durant speaks contemptuously of the York Times Book Review brought under distinguished Indians who attended the first review three recent books presenting Round Table Conference at London, apparently three contrasting views of the tangled Indian because they did not include the Irreconcilables, question. They were Romain Rolland's "Prophets whom he seems to favor. of the New India," Will Durant's "The Case for India" and Edward Thompson's "Reconstructing It is with a feeling of solid satisfaction that one India." takes up the book of Professor Thompson, who really knows modern India and is eminently fair These three books belong to strongly contrast- minded. He admits serious faults of British rule. ing types because they come from different levels At the same time, he does full justice to the many of the mind. The first book is inspired by re- Indian reformers and advocates of progress. He ligious emotion, with enthusiasm which might sees both sides and is fair to both. He is a besometimes be more persuasive if it were more liever in Dominion Status for India and holds measured. The second book is inspired by po- high hopes of the Round Table Conference. litical emotion to such a degree that the author appears to see only one side of every question Lord Macaulay, who was a member of the Vicewhere India is conoerned. The third stands roy's Council in India in the third decade of the apart. The author really knows India from resi- last century, made this significant statement in dence in that country and participation in its in- the House of Commons in 1833: "It may be that, tellectual life. He writes with accurate care and having become instructed in European knowledge, is scrupulously fair to all parties. they may in some future age demand European institutions. Whether such a day will come I Romain Rolland undertook a difficult task and know not. Whenever it comes, it will be the carried it out with scholarly patience, but with a proudest day in English history." certain lack of the sense of measure. He has made far more available than before a mass of The Round Table Conferences held in London well documented material regarding the life and at the close of 1930 and of 1931 would seem to be activity of a group of remarkable men, distin- of the nature of a fulfillment of this prophetic guished for the breadth, as well as the depth, of utterance of the great historian. They have their thought. As to the manner of his present- opened new epochs in the history both of India ing Ram Mohun Roy and Keshub Chunder Sen, herself and of the relations between India and one has nothing but praise; but when he comes Great Britain. For the first time considerable to Ramakrishna and Vivekananda, one feels that delegations of Indians, representing all races and his emotions get the better of his judgment. religions and classes in India, have sat around a table with a delegation representing all parties of Dr. Durant's book is inspired by political emo- both Houses of the British Parliament to discuss, tion. One who is acquainted with India cannot on a basis of complete equality and with nothing but conclude that he is somewhat uncertain as to his facts. For example, he lays the blame for excluded from the field of conference, what the India's famines on British rule, but the highly authoritative Cambridge History tells us that in future of Indian government should be. For the the reign of Muhammad Tughluq, a contemporary of Chaucer, there was "the most severe famine of first time Indian Princes sat around the table with which we have any record in India," lasting for seven years. Again he speaks of Mr. Gandhi as the representatives of all classes in British lndia "the spiritual and the political leader of 320,000,- 000 Hindus," apparently forgetting that there are and agreed together that the new Constitution many millions of Mohammedans and Sikhs in should include all India within a single federal constitution, under which responsibility for both central and local government should rest, subject to a few important and specified limitations, in Indian hands. For the first time the representa- [25 ]

tives of Great Britain declared that the time had familiar with the India of the past, in which the come for the primary responsibility for the In- effective responsibility for Indian government has dian government to pass from British to Indian rested in British hands. It seemed so venture- shoulders, provided that a constitution could be some and gigantic a move in a continent contain- drawn up and accepted which would do justice to ing as many people as Europe without Russia, and the minorities in India, subject to certain safe- divided within itself as Europe is divided. But it guards and reserve powers for which Great seems quite clear in the developments of recent Britain will remain responsible, to the interest no months and weeks that, except in certain rela- less of India than of Great Britain, during the tively narrow circles, the discussions of the Con- period of transition. ferences have convinced not only the British mem- Whatever the future may bring forth, it will bers, but public opinion in general, that the time be impossible to undo the fundamental work thus has come when in India, as in Australia, Canada, done by the Round Table Conferences. They have South Africa and Ireland, a definite breach must started India and Great Britain on a new road, be made with the old type of empire, that India from which there can be no turning back. This must follow in the footsteps of the other Dominis indeed a recent trend which, in all human ions and be free to work out her future by conprobability, will give permanent direction to the stitutional means in her own way. This concluprogressive responsible government of India by sion seems to have been arrived at not only be- cause it was right in itself in this day and generathe Indians. tion, and the only course consistent with the new British Commonwealth, but because it was the Hitherto most of the energies of Indian politi- only way of avoiding, both for India and Great cians have been devoted to getting rid of British Britain, the disasters of the American Revolucontrol, which they felt both humiliating in itself tionary era. Some have wanted to believe that and incompatible with their own political, social the transition to responsibility in India could and economic achievement. Hereafter the prob- come gradually and imperceptibly, but there is no lem before them is the framing, and then the evidence in history to justify this belief. At this working, of a constitution which will enable the stage of the proceeding the transfer of governraces and religions, the princes and people, of mental power from one set of hands to another India to govern themselves on constitutional lines, is truly a tremendous event and it takes place, in the adoption of which they have had the con- not imperceptibly, but either by violent revolution trolling part. The British people and the states- or by definite constitutional action. The signifimen who have represented them in recent years, cance of the critical but definite decisions of the with a few emphatic exceptions, would seem to Round Table Conferences is that the time for a have reached the conclusion that, provided a constitutional revolution has arrived. workable constitution can be framed, responsibility for Indian government shall pass to Indian At the time when the old British Raj was built control, in the center as well as in the Provinces, up, government in India was exclusively the consubject only to safeguards in the interest of cern of hereditary or military autocrats. The justice to minorities and of stable government. basis had always been the same, military power reinforced by hereditary or religious sanctions. The vital question today is whether Indians Nowhere had it any popular or democratic charthemselves can agree upon the constitution under acter. The will of the autocrat was absolute and which their government shall in future be con- public opinion in the modern sense had almost ducted. For at this writing there would seem to no instrument of expression, nor any effective be little doubt that, if they succeed in reaching sway. So long as the old structure of Indian agreement on a constitution which is at once thought and society continued, India, save for a workable and just to minorities, the British few patriots, was content. Government was not Parliament will enact it as it di.d in the case of the concern of the people but of the princes and the constitutions drawn up by and with other the gods. Great Britain had proved herself the Dominions. strongest among the rulers who were forever com- The Alternatives There can be little doubt that the completeness peting among themselves for power and prestige.

with which the Round Table Conferences and the To the mass of the people it meant little who was mass of British public opinion have accepted the ruler; the life of the countryside, the rotation of principle that Indians should in future be respon- plowing and reaping, birth, maturity and death, sible for their own government, both in the center the ritual of caste and religion, went on unchang- and in the Provinces, subject to safeguards during ing and unchanged. Good rulers kept taxes low; the process of transition, came with something of bad rulers brought poverty in their train. In so a shock and surprise to those who have been far as the British Raj brought the end of war and

INDIA AND THE ROUND TABLE CONFERENCES

kept taxes low, it was acquiesced in as the agent, would certainly refuse to be a party to the conon the whole, of a beneficent Providence. tinuing repression and probable bloodshed by which the old British Raj could alone now be But for some decades, conspicuously since the maintained. The Round Table Conferences have Great War, that point of view has been changing. certainly been right in concluding, with the prac- India has been following, at first slowly but later tical unanimity of their widely differing memberwith startling speed, in the footsteps of the rest ship in so far as representation is concerned, that of the world. Macaulay opened the sluice gates of the one hope for the future is to place the respon- Western education in 1835, when his vote on the sibility for Indian government, subject to safe- Viceroy's Council decided the great question of guards and reserves in the transition period, on making English and Western culture dominant Indian shoulders, under a sane and well balanced in the educational systems of India. The Civil constitution. Service of India, recruited so largely from Englishmen of broad education and a controlling sense Conclusion of justice, has led inevitably, by the process of self-communication of ideals, to the dominance of Immense, therefore, as are the risks and dift1the principle of self-determination. The resistless culties which lie ahead, difficulties of casting in determination of the modern world, that law and a vast sub-continent like India the conventions government should reflect national opinion, that and habits of mind which will make it possible economic life should be brought under conscious for a stable government to be derived from a still control, that poverty and inequality should be re- largely illiterate population; the difficulty of creatmoved or destroyed, is actively at work in India ing a political party system in a country in which also. There is hardly a village which is not now minorities claim separate and special representareached by the vernacular press preaching a dis- tion, there is practically no alternative to followcontent, or which has not had a returned soldier ing the trail clearly and courageously blazed by telling about the outside world and of Asiatic these Round Table Conferences. It would seem nations which have emancipated themselves from to be that road or chaos. The primary diffiwhite domination. culty in India will probably be to secure the abandonment of the campaign for immediate in- The old India has gone, or is rapidly going, and dependence by non-violent civil disobedience, and with it the old British Raj is inevitably going also. the co-operation of all elements in the far more The old form of government through a bureau- laborious and less exciting task of agreeing upon cracy, eft1cient but detached from the new life a constitution which will actually enable Indians stirring among the people, is as inadequate for to become responsible for their own government. modern India as it has proved to be for Great That is the real test of Swaraj. Can India develop Britain and America. Government must now rest the statesmanship which will recognize this? Can with a body amenable in constitutional ways to she agree to accept a constitution and work it Indian opinion. Not only is such a step right in patiently and successfully? On the answer, by itself, and the logical result of the presence in Indians themselves, to that question will depend India of the British and of British institutions whether India is to be a self-governing, constituthemselves; it is the only way of avoiding in India tional unit or not. government by repression which, when it is continued by an alien power against the consent of In any event, there would seem to be no practhe governed, never has lasted and never can last tical alternative to proceeding along the lines in the modern world. roughly mapped out by the Round Table Confer- ences. In this difficult and dangerous situation It is sternly true, therefore, that the alter- the road of responsibility, with safeguards in the natives which lie before India today are constitu- period of transition, is apparently the only road tionalism or chaos. The third policy still adhered which wi11lead India past the Scylla of chaos and to by a few strong statesmen in England, of try- dismemberment on the one side, and the Charybing to maintain the old British Raj through the dis of military despotism on the other side, to conresolute determination of the British Government stitutional self-government. It is the only road by to govern India whatever the cost, is an alter- which it is now possible to win over India to connative no longer. The consent of all classes in tentment as a Dominion-an equal partner within India to such a solution has clearly been with- the circle of the British Commonwealth of drawn and British public opinion, in the light of Nations. the development of the diminishing British Empire but the growing British Commonwealth,

A Banker Looks at the W arId*

..:{ By HUGH R. MONRO, Montclair, New Jersey President of the Montclair National Bank; Vice-President of the Niagara Lithograph Company T HERE can be little doubt that one of the its intellectual opportunity, and its domestic tran- least cultivated areas of our common think- quility, as more or less typical of America and the ing is that which has to do with an in- rest of the world. Of course he knows that there telligent outlook upon world conditions. It is not are certain backward nations and a number of that we are wholly ignorant of political move- formidable social evils to be dealt with; but his ments in other lands or the major happenings in sense of these things is distant; they are merely world affairs; but there is singular absence of disagreeable facts which in the light of general knowledge concerning the social and moral status world progress may be regarded as having of a large portion of mankind. Even among diminishing importance.

Christians who profess a deep interest in the After leaving Mr. Green I found myself with world-wide work of the Church, a flood of thoughts, chief among there are few who can summon them this: Is Maple Avenue anything approaching a compre- How does a banker-one really a true sample of the hensive picture of the present who deals largely with world? Take for example that state of human society. This is money and material things steaming New York East Side an important question. From -look at the present moral on an August night with its din, the standpoint of a proper and economic crisis in the its smells, its pallid children, its standard . of culture such a world? Does he see chiefly fire escape bedrooms, its sufferworld view must be regarded a ing and its crime. I thought of first essential; from the Chris- the weakness of interna- vast sections of similar squalor tian standpoint its lack is a sign tional credits, the problems in Philadelphia, Chicago, San of unpardonable ignorance. of transportation and the Francisco and other cities. The A recital, which may be con- supply of the world's mar- people of America as a whole enjoy a standard of living unsidered more than parable, will kets? Does he look upon paralleled in history; and yet add point to this observation: the millions of China and how small a portion of the land I n d i a as possible pur- resembles Maple Avenue in the Mr. Green, a well-to-do mer- chasers? What is the chief slightest degree. chant, has been for a number of cause of trouble and what years a resident of Maple Ave- is the cure? These and My mind turned to the festernue, one of the newer and more other questions this Chris-: ing East End of London; to the attractive streets of our city. tian banker answers for sodden conditions of great sec- He is cultured, respected, an himself-and perhaps for tions of Glasgow, Manchester elder of the nearby Park Church. you. and Liverpool; to the widening As we returned from church areas of destitution in such together yesterday he spoke with enthusiasm of the increas- cities as Paris, Berlin, Vienna, ing beauty of the neighborhood, Rome and Naples. I was oc- mentioning especially the new high school build- cupied not alone with the poverty and physical ing, regarded as one of the finest in the state. distress of these cities, but with visions of their Mr. Green was of the opinion that modern educa- breeding plots of discord, disease, crime and social tion, supplemented of course by the work of the unrest against which education and sanitation ap- Church, was rapidly spreading enlightenment pear to make little advance. The drear aspects of throughout the world. He said that the present the scene are not unrelieved by brighter vistas, world troubles are but the growing pains of an especially as the smaller nations of northern advancing civilization. I gained the strong im- Europe are brought within view; but with all such pression from our talk that Mr. Green thought values fully considered there remains an enormous of Maple Avenue with its architectural dignity, debit of human misery.

Turning toward eastern Europe the prospect • The author disclaims responsibility for the title of this article as darkens perceptibly. People live under unstable well as for the implied economic outlook. H. R. M.

[28 ] and in some cases despotic governments even the lot of this vast human sector compare with though they may be nominally republics. There our own? A press dispatch reports that one milare State Churches which admit of little or no lion children in a single Chinese province died true religious freedom; economic conditions are last winter of cold and hunger. Another item oppressive. Russia is increasingly recognized as says that ninety-five per cent of the population the chief menace to world security and peace. If can neither read nor write. This vast country imperialistic autocracy has been overthrown, a is without any effective central government. social order has been substituted under which Revolution is on every side. War-lords oppress masses of the people are reduced to practical the people for their own gain; bands of brigands slavery. This new order has not only discarded sweep down from the hills to harass the terror most of the recognized elements of civilized so- stricken people; opposing national armies move ciety, but has attempted to abolish religion, to across the scene, leaving a scene of death and uproot the moral sanctities, to destroy the home desolation. There have been recent disasters of and to make mockery of the marriage tie. This flood and famine. A correspondent has recently is the plight of more than one hundred and fifty cabled his New York daily that one-half of the millions of people who less than a score of years population of China is in a condition of destitution ago were citizens of a proud empire occupying a and distress on account of warfare, famine and conspicuous place in the family of nations. flood.

The peoples under review thus far represent Terrible as these calamities are they do not approximately one-third of the world's population. complete the story. Gigantic moral evils are eat- It is that portion of the world whose civilization ing like a cancer at the life of China; hoary superhas been moulded in some measure by Christian stitions hold the people in bondage to fear; tradiconceptions and ideals. And while it is sadly true tions and customs effectively bar the way to that only in small degree and in much the lesser emancipation and progress. Their misery makes part of this vast area have these conceptions taken them an easy prey of Communists. It is entirely deep root, it remains that Europe and America, clear that the one hope for the future lies in that including such English-speaking dominions as deposit of saving salt which Christian missionary Australia and New Zealand, embrace nearly all of effort has planted in the midst of the life of China. the enlightenment, humanitarianism, progressive- Even a small group of enlightened native leaders, ness, beneficence, and physical well-being to be incorruptible in character might, as in the hisfound on the face of the globe. tory of other nations, tum the tide of evil and lead these bewildered, suffering millions into a As we turn to the so-called "backward" peoples brighter day. of Asia and Africa, the scene undergoes violent change. However broad our racial sympathies, In India many aspects of the picture appear we can find little satisfaction in an attempt to even darker. The three hundred and forty milview these great human problems from the stand- lions (one-fifth of the human race) endure a dispoint of the backward peoples themselves, since tressingly sorrowful and despairing existence. their whole outlook is distorted by the corruptions During the last generation, through improved livand limitations by which their lives are confined. ing conditions, the people of America have added Ignorance will always remain the antithesis of ten years to the life span, whereas the people of knowledge; superstition of enlightenment; cruelty India have lost ten years. Several recent and of humanity; and degradation of character. widely read books on Indian life will reveal the Moreover the emancipation of a portion of the nature of this virus which is destroying the fibre human race from these malign influences has been of this unhappy people. The plight of more than the main fruit of centuries of advancing civiliza- fifteen million child widows is one of the most tion. shuddering tragedies which has ever come to womanhood. The Hindu religion is responsible This great non-Christian world raises issues for widespread moral corruption which is maniwhich stagger the imagination. Here we find fest in degrading scenes sculptured upon its more than two-thirds of the human family living temple walls, the evils of child marriage, the social under conditions little understood by the vast inequity of the caste system, and slavery to many majority of those who bear the name Christian. forms of vice. Poverty in India is so oppressive that at least sixty millions of the people are never China, with its four hundred and twenty mil- free from the gnawing pangs of hunger. One lions, embraces one-fourth of all mankind. It is would despair for the future of this distressed probable that ninety per cent of Americans have people were· it not for the growing strength of never seen a Chinese boy or girl, or a Chinese the Indian Christian Church; in its vital influence woman, and yet every fourth boy and girl and and leadership is India's one ray of hope. woman in the world is a Chinese. And how does

In Africa, what devastating sorrows have swept higher values of our American civilization have over the one hundred and forty millions of dark- come. Miracles of social transformation and skinned people during the past century. The spiritual uplift support the highest hopes of like iniquitous slave traffic, the rum traffic, and other conquests even among the earth's most backward cruel oppressions for which the white races have and oppressed. been largely responsible, have been supplemented by such indigenous evils as tribal warfare, can- A banker's well known predilection for analysis nibalism, witch doctors, degrading superstition, may justify the following by way of summary: and revolting heathen customs inherited from a hoary past. While a century of missionary effort (1) The Christian holds the key to a correct has lessened the gloom of dense African darkness understanding of present disturbed world condiwith streaks of light, nevertheless it still remains tions. The causes of present economic distress "the dark, sobbing continent." are at root moral: they were introduced by an iniquitous war; they were advanced by an orgy Another vast continental domain-and perhaps of senseless speculation; they are perpetuated by the least understood-lies almost at our doors. world-wide fear and distrust. We hear much of the glamor of the beautiful coast cities of Latin America, as it is called from (2) Benevolence has become sadly unbalanced. the racial origin of its peoples, but much less of Millions of dollars have been poured out for the the great interior with its primitive life and its mere aesthetics of college and university equipintellectual and moral desolation. A large part ment in America, when millions of boys and girls of the seventy millions of South America must are wholly without educational opportunity in still be numbered among the backward peoples other parts of the world. Luxurious hospitals of the earth; illiteracy in many parts reaching as multiply in number; and the medical professiDn high as eighty and even ninety per cent. War- has become Dvercrowded, while vast sections of fare and revolution are almost constant, and the world's population have no medical attention political morality at a low ebb. There has been whatever. In some areas the ratiO' is one physician much exploitation of the poor Indians and the ecclesiastical oppression by the powerful Roman or nurse tOo each half milliDn peDple, in cDntrast to Church is comparable with that of the pre-Reformation period in Europe. Great stretches of un- one to each one hundred in America engaged in the evangelized territory are still found in the heart war against disease. Many Df Dur philanthropists of South America. find it difficult tOo discover worthy objects, and To deal separately with the lesser nations would mean too great an expansion of this narrative. frequently bestow vast sums on undertakings of There are vast areas that are still practically little value, while modest sums intelligently used untouched by the Christian Gospel. In fact there abroad are changing the lives and environment of are millions more of unevangelized people in the many thousands. There are in certain backward world today than when the era of modern mis- countries opportunities for judicious investment sions began. which would go far toward ameliorating the dis- tressed condition of millions of people and even Expressed in figures the spiritual balance sheet might have a decisive influence in directing the is as follows: Out of a world population of 1,800,- course of an entire civilization. 000,000 less than one-third (500,000,000) have been brought into touch with the Christian Gospel (3) At the root of the most serious difficulties in either the sense of a knowledge of its saving which beset the world today is the decrease of message or the experience of its benefits as ex- vital Christian faith. On every hand there are pressed in well-ordered civilized society. If only signs that the influences of a materialistic age evangelical Christians are included the figure have not only had a benumbing effect upon the would be reduced to a fraction of the above. life of the Church at home, but have brought a chill to its enterprises abroad. In each of the While there is little in the world outlook to many similar eras of spiritual declension during suggest the peace and happiness of Maple Avenue the past nineteen centuries the corrective has been and the tranquil outlook of Elder Gr.een, yet his- a widespread spiritual awakening. There can be tory reminds us that Maple Avenue, and all other no other remedy now. havens of social content, are the fruits of a Christian inheritance. A mere glance at the moral and The one essentially new feature in the world social status Df Europe in the Middle Ages shows situation is the drawing together of the peoples how profound was the influence of the recovery of of the earth through easy communication and the Bible, with its liberating message, upon every commerce, so that solidarity and interdependence phase of life, also the source from which all the now exists. Today the influence of any powerful movement in one nation is immediately· felt by all the others. We believe that the next great Spiritual Visitation will be international in its scope.

N evv Vision of Home

..:( By REV. WILLIAM R. KING, D. D., New York 11:·· Executive Secretary, Home Missions Council A number of Conferences have been held to carry forward the constructive program of the North American Home Missions Congress held in Washington, D. C., a year ago. Cincinnati, Ohio; Seattle, Washington; Portland, Oregon; Oakland, San Francisco, Berkeley, Sacramento and Los Angeles, California; and Denver, Colorado, were the centers in which programs of strong Home Mission interest were presented. The 1932 series of conferences begins in Indianapolis, January 18th and other conferences will follow through the year to carry to the Churches the message, spirit and conclusions of the Home Missions Congress, with the results of the studies of the new Five Year Program.

T HE North American Home Missions Con- 2. We see, as never before, the magnitude of gress, which was held in Washington in the task, the size and complexity of the enterprise, December, 1930, and the Findings of the and the wide range of interest. Five Year Program of Survey and Adjustment of the Home Missions Council, have given us a new The territory reaches from Point Barrow, the vision of Home Missions. They have enabled us most northern settlement in Alaska, to the West to see Home Missions as never before. Several Indies and Central America, from within 18 dethings stand out clearly in the picture. grees of the North Pole to within 18 degrees of the Equator, and from the Atlantic to the P::tcific. 1. We see more vividly the long and interest- It includes Canada, the United States, the West ing road over which we have been traveling for Indies, Mexico and the Canal Zone. three centuries. Over this vast expanse there is scattered a Some have said that Foreign Missions are more noble army of faithful missionaries, pastors, interesting than Home Missions because of their evangelists, teachers, doctors, nurses, community romance. Distance seems to lend enchantment to workers, itinerant missionaries, colporteurs and the one, while familiarity breeds contempt for the general superintendents. other. That depends upon what one means by romance. If you mean fiction that has no founda- Twenty-six denominations, constituent to the tion in fact, then neither fit the conception for Home Missions Council, in 1929 reported 16,196 both have to do with facts and deal with tre- home missionaries laboring in 18,123 different mendous realities. enterprises at an annual expenditure of $17,061,- 701, in addition to specially designated gifts, But, by romance, if you mean that unusual in- which run into thousands of dollars. terest that gives scope to imagination and idealization, that dash of chivalry that challenges ad- We see HOll.1e Missions as Big Business. miration, that spirit of adventure that stirs the heroic within us, then Home Missions has all the 3. Over against this magnificent history and glamour and dazzle of romance that we desire. these immense resources of men and money, we see a third thing-the Unmet Needs. Home Missions are inseparably linked with North American history-their development and For over three years the Home Missions Couninterests intertwine. There is nothing more cil has been making surveys of the field. These romantic or interesting in the eventful history have opened our eyes wider, and enabled us to of America than the heroic efforts to plant the see much more clearly the unfinished task. Half Christian Church on these shores, and the story the total population of the country is outside of of its slow and tedious conquest of the nation any kind of a church, Catholic, Jewish or Prothrough three hundred years. testant. Our attention has been called to the scattered populations of the changed rural areas, From the high peak of the Washington Con- the unreached thousands of our great modern gress we look back over the long and winding and cities, the exceptional groups in our mountains diverging roads of Home Missions in their march and industrial centers. There are large groups across the continent, and in our hearts exclaim of people to whom the Gospel is not even being "What hath God wrought." preached and there are large areas without the ministry of any church.

[ 31 ]

These facts disturb us, to think that after all in large measure upon the way in which we treat these years so many are unreached, for whom this matter. The lack of interdenominational co- Christ died. They are men and women to whom operation is holding back the success of the He commissioned his Church to "preach the Church all along the line. This failure to work in Gospel." These unmet religious needs come as an harmony is wasting our resources, weakening our inescapable challenge. programs, discrediting our testimony and belying 4. We have a new vision of the changed char- our essential unity. acter of Home Missions and the necessity for new means and new methods, and for a larger Chris- Bishop Charles Wesley Burns of the Methodist tian statesmanship. Episcopal Church, in a recent address to the Cali- fornia State Church Federation, referred to "Co- Much of the old Home Missions has gone and a operation in Christian work," as "the most imnew Home Missions is arriving. The day of the portant question at the present time in the inpioneer, the covered wagon and the frontier has terest of human welfare." He declared that "it is passed. Ve are now living in a new America and not the ecclesiastical or historical emphasis that in the twentieth century. will save the churches but actual practical every- day cooperative work." There is apparent today the great need for a new Home Mission statesmanship. A statesman- Dr. Mott, in his great closing address of the ship able to see the changed conditions, able to National Congress, said "In every hour during discern the new character of Home Missions, able this creative gathering we must have heard the to see the work in relation to the total task of the summons to a larger unity. Never have the divi- Church, and able to be unafraid and adventurous sions among Protestant Christians, at home and in the face of great difficulties. abroad, seemed to me to be so unnecessary, so unwise, and therefore so unChristian as they do This larger statesmanship can not be worked just now." He gave us six reasons for a more out by mission boards and missionary secretaries perfect cooperation in our Home Mission workalone. They are doing their part. They are awake to the new day and the new demands, but The overwhelming magnitude of the task they must have help. There is entirely too much The difficulty of the undertaking "passing the buck," whatever that may mean, in. The urgency of the present situations this matter, to national organizations. Our Home The necessity of economy Mission Boards can go no faster than pastors and The enrichment of spiritual life laymen will allow them to go. They can do no The triumphant apologetics it would give us more than the Church will enable them to do. 5. Again we have a new vision of the im- This larger statesmanship for which the Congress portance of Home Missions in this day, and the pled includes us all-mission boards, missionary necessity for a new emphasis upon this task in our secretaries, national, regional and local ecclesi- churches.

astical bodies, and officials, pastors and church We came away from Washington with the con- members. viction that the rnost urgent immediate and in- Furthermore, this statesmanship must be able sistent task of the Church in this day is the mak- to cross denominational lines. It must be able to ing of America Christian. There is nothing see the strategy of interdenominational coopera- America needs so much today as Christ.

tion. Will Durant in an article in the October Red Denominational programs can no more be built Book, entitled "America on Trial," pointed out solely within denominational circles than our na- in his brilliant way, eight things wrong with tional policies can be determined without taking America: into consideration all the other nations of the 1. The Melting Pot is not working earth. 2. Our Agriculture is bankrupt Cooperation was perhaps the biggest word in 3. Our Industrial System has broken down the Washington Congress. It came up in every 4. Our Democracy is a failure group and entered largely into the consideration 5. Our Cultural life is superficial and vulgar of every question-problems of the city, difficult 6. Our Moral life is in chaos rural situations, work among the Indians, 7. Our Civilization is dying Mexicans or New Americans-sooner or later all 8. The Drama of Protestantism is reaching its must come to the question of interdenominational close cooperation. Any man, who is alert, can catalogue a long list This is one of the most important matters now of things that are wrong in America. It takes no facing Protestant Christianity. The solution of great wisdom or unusual skill to paint a very every other problem of the Church today depends distressing picture of our country and our times.

THE NEW VISION OF HOME MISSIONS

The difficulty is not in knowing what is wrong, The task of Home Missions is to reveal Christ to America, especially to the fifty millions or more but it seems to be in knowing how to make things who are unreached and neglected.

right. Not only is this necessary for the salvation of Our politicians do not seem to know. They America but to fulfillment of our Home Mission task and for the salvation of the Church. have had time enough and opportunity enough to The Church is on trial in America. She is facset things right, but the more they do, the less ing her Waterloo. Organized Christianity has failed in other ages and in other lands. It failed they seem to accomplish. in Russia; men of prominence tell us that it has Our captains of industry do not seem to know. failed in Europe; will the Church fail in this age and in this land? Surely they have had all the time and opportunity Such a catastrophe could happen. Will it hapneeded to bring about better conditions, but the pen? It depends, in my judgment, primarily upon more they talk the less intelligent they seem- the way in which the Church meets her Home Mission task. Her spiritual battlefields, where and the longer they control affairs, the more dis- the destiny of organized institutionalized religion is to be determined, are not on the avenues of our tressing the conditions become. large cities where stand our great cathedrals, but Our economists and sociologists do not seem to in their slums "where cross the crowded ways of life"; not in the cultured county seat towns where know. There has never been a time when they are to be found our most delightful pastorates but in the hills and mountains of the hinterlands. talked more and said less than today-none of them seems to know the way out. Their pro- The Church of Christ must be made to appre- ciate the importance and urgency of Home Misnouncements are a confused clashing of opinions sions. It must be made Home-Mission-minded. There must be a revival of interest and zeal for -and muddling of issues. this work. We must correct the false impression When will America come to see Jesus Christ that the task has been accomplished. It was never greater than today, it was never more urgent than as her true counsellor? Only when the Church today. The total life and success of the entire truly lives and shines into every dark corner of Church both at home and abroad never depended more truly upon Home Missions than in this very this great land. Only when the Gospel is preached period through which the world is now passing. to all the people in every part of this vast domain, The Washington Congress was convinced that with such power and conviction, and passion, and the day has come for a great Home Missionary advance in North America. earnestness, and sanity that the unchurched and 6. Lastly, the new vision has given us a more unevangelized multitudes will be impelled to come spiritual conception of our task and a deeper feelto Him and be saved. ing of absolute dependence upon the Spirit of God We cannot have a saved nation of unsaved and the leadership of Jesus Christ in this great enterprise. I can do no better than to quote two people. America's fundamental trouble today is paragraphs from the Findings: not in economics, not in industry, not in politics, Again and again we have been thrilled by a sense of how far we have come toward a Christian North America. not in government, not in sociology, not in educa- But again and again we hav,e been arrested by a sense tion, not in moving pictures, not in stock markets, of how far short we are of the ideal of Christ for these nations. We have come far enough to glimpse the Promised not in unemployment-America's fundamental Land. But to pass over into it seems beyond our strength. We felt, as Stanley Jones has put it, that "We cannot go trouble is in the realm of religion-irreligion- further until we go deeper."

anti-religion—eccentric religion-America must What we need, and what we believe the Church at large needs, is a renewed and more vital consciousness of God; have Christ. He is her only hope. a sense that Jesus is Savior and that there is none other, President Hoover, in his opening speech of the either for the individual, or for society; that without Him we can do nothing; that through Him we can do anything Unemployment Drive last October, said: that needs to be done. We must strive to interpret these convictions of our Christian faith in life and in language I would that I possessed the art of words to fix the real that will capture the attention and allegiance of our fellow-Christians. issue with which the troubled world is faced into the mind and heart of every American man and woman. Our coun- try and the world are today involved in more than a financial crisis. Weare faced with the primary question of human sroeclaiettiyonas~dwhtoichthereadcehpeths to the very depth of organized of human conscience.

This civilization and this great complex, which we call American life, is builded and can alone survive upon the translation into individual action of that fundamental philosophy announced by the S~viour nin~teen cent~ries ago. Part of our national suffermg today IS from faIlure to observe these primary yet inexorable laws of human relationship. Modern society cannot survive with the de- fense of Cain, "Am I my brother's keeper?"

No governmental action, no economic doctrine, no eco- nomic plan or project can replace that God-imposed r~­ sponsibility of the individual man and woman to their neighbors. That is a vital part of the very soul of the people. If we shall gain in this spirit from this pai~ful time, we shall have created a greater and more glorIOUS America. The trial of it is here now. It is a trial of the heart and conscience of individual men and women.

and the World of

By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D., »: .

Princeton, New Jersey Editor of the Moslem World; Author of "Across the World of Islam," etc.

A RESTLESS, disillusioned, changing world; ing Negro lads the Koran. On his table there a rest-giving and unchanging Christ- were Indian, Turkish, and Egyptian papers. In these are two great present-day realities. the little mosque there was a money-chest to col- Jesus Christ, alive for ever more, is present today lect for "the holy war of the Riffs" against the in human history. He is the head of the Church French in Morocco, and it was labelled: "To be and the spiritual leader of the missionary enter- sent through the Caliphate Committee, Bombay!"

prise. According to His own promise He is with Islam is a 'world brotherhood. It is always and us all the days. In a real sense, therefore, we may everywhere cosmopolitan.

speak of Him, reverently, as "our contemporary." This cosmopolitan character of the Islamic And the unevangelized world of Islam, too, is a brotherhood in Africa is emphasized by the use reality. In this world Jesus Christ has been at of the same character in writing and the same work by His providence, by His word and through speech in prayer and public worship. The slates His Spirit for centuries, and He works now. The in the hands of children at Fez, Timbuctu, rise of Islam was a challenge to the supremacy, Mponda, Zanzibar, Lagos and Cape Town, have the finality and the sufficiency of God's Word and the same copy in the same script: "Bisrriillahi- of God's Son. For neither the Koran nor Mo- arrahman-ar-rahim." "In the name of Allah, the hammed could escape "the fact of the Ghrist." compassionate, the merciful."

Islam arose in a Christian environment. Present- While at Zomba in Nyasaland, I walked some day scholarship is agreed that the best elements miles through the jungle to a Moslem village in its dogma and ethics were due to Nestorian where I was expected to make an address through Christianity. The influence of a Christian tradi- a Christian interpreter who spoke Yao. On artion can not be ignored in the life of Mohammed. rival, the courtyard before the mosque was However warped, or misunderstood, or wrested, crowded. I received a warm welcome, but never yet in many and mysterious ways the Truth of used my Christian interpreter. The Imam and God bored its way from within. Christ's portrait his son had been to Mecca, spoke perfect Arabic, in the Koran, though only a sad caricature, could and interpreted for me into Yao. Islamic civilinot be wholly hid. God left Himself not without zation always includes the Arabic speech and witness and for thirteen centuries Moslems have alphabet which are spreading today in Africa. In had the clear testimony of the Koran to the exist- Cape Town the Arabic character is used to print ence and the authority of the Gospel. a Dutch (Afrikaans) commentary on the Koran. The remnants of the Christian Church that sur- In spite of rising nationalism and the abolition vived the Saracen flood in the ark of faith, also of the Caliphate by Turkey, there is still real panwitnessed for Christ by word and life and martyr- Islamism evident in the Moslem press, in the death down the ages. Earthquake, wind and fire derwish-orders and in the annual pilgrimage to shook the mountain of Islam during the World War. What is the still, small Voice that speaks Mecca. to us today and summons the Church to complete The Moslem press of India, of Egypt and of its task? Turkey was never more active, never more inter- national in its outlook than it is today. The I. There is a solidarity and an essential unity reason is that the cult of nationalism, as for ex- in the world of Islam which baffles the student of ample, in Palestine, Afghanistan and Persia, history and of present-day missions. which some thought would prove the death-knell It transcends race and language, geographical of pan-Islamism has not decreased but rather in- boundaries and political ideas. creased international bonds between scattered In July, 1925, I visited one of the mosques at Moslem groups and distant lands. Witness the Beira, Portuguese East Africa. A Yemen Arab agitation of the Indian press regarding Zionism in who had received instruction in Cairo was teach- Palestine, the interest of Javanese newspapers in [34 ] Egyptian politics and the proposals for the re- world of thought and life. Turkey is turning her back on the past and is trampling on traditions vival of the Caliphate on the part of the Nizam that had the sanctity of age and religion. The of Hyderabad. Eldon Rutter, the most recent of cry of the reactionaries is, "Back to the Koran and to Mohammed." The problem of the progres- European pilgrims to Mecca, tells in his book, sives is to get as far away from both as is decent "The Holy Cities of Arabia," how deeply he felt and safe. The unity of the Moslem problem is nowhere seen more clearly than in this struggle the unity and solidarity of Moslem brotherhood as he saw the multitudes thronged around the of the old and the new in the womb of a new day. Kaaba. Islam is a world-religion. It is similar in all lands from Java to Morocco. Today the number of those who profess and call National and compulsory primary education for themselves Mohammedans is nearly two hundred and fifty millions. In southeastern Europe (omit- the masses is an ambitious program for countries ting the scattered groups of Britain and France as negligible in number but not in their influence) where until very recently 96% of the men and there are three and a half millions. They are found chiefly in Albania, Bulgaria, Greece and 99% of the women were illiterate. Yugo-Slavia. Add to these a little over eighteen Yet this is the proposal for Turkey and for millions in European and Asiatic Russia and nearly two hundred thousand in South America Egypt by Moslem educational leaders. By simpli- (chiefly Brazil and Guiana). fication of grammar, by adopting the Latin alpha- Pass to the two great continents and the Island world where Islam has made its conquests. In bet, by every possible device, Turkey seeks a Africa there are nearly fifty million followers of higher literacy. The present activity and enterthe Arabian prophet, and they are found almost prise of the Moslem press and journalism already everywhere except in the southwestern portion of the continent. In the Belgian and French Congo, mentioned are creating new opportunities and a Liberia, Mozambique, Somaliland; around the Lakes and Zanzibar and in Madagascar, on the new mentality among the masses. Provincialism west coast of Senegal, Guinea, Dahomey, in is going. Here is a Malay weekly published by Uganda, Abyssinia, Kenya, Tanganyika; in Sierra Mohammedans in Borneo. On a single page there Leone and the Gold Coast, Togoland and the Camerouns; nearly eleven million in Nigeria, and is an article on Islam in America, another on the last but not least, the solid belt of Moslem coun- new mosque in Berlin, items regarding Aligarh tries in the north, Egypt, the Sudan, Tripoli, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco. In Africa pagan- College, India, Nationalism in Bengal, and an adism is crumbling, but Islam is aggressive, vertisement of a Japanese steamship company, ubiquitous, and is contesting with Christianity the destiny of a continent. that accommodates Borneo pilgrims for Mecca, if they will embark at Pedang, Sumatra. In Asia every country has its Moslem problem except Japan and Korea. In China there are Social unrest is found everywhere. It concerns about nine millions; in the Dutch East Indies over itself not only with such obvious matters as westforty millions. India has the largest Moslem population of any country in the world-over ern dress and head-gear, the calendar, banking, seventy-seven millions. In Bengal province alone there are twenty-seven and a half million Mos- the cinema and theatre, but with far deeper issues lems. These figures are from the last census. due to the impact of Western civilization.

II. Islam is growing in numbers and entering Feminism and Bolshevism are the two foci of new areas, but is losing in prestige and power. the great ellipse of agitation. The rights of womanhood and the rights of the proletariat have In every land of the Near East we witness, on the one hand, its disintegration and inner decay; found powerful advocates. The press of Persia, and on the other hand, frantic attempts to restore of Afghanistan, of Central Asia and of India are old sanctions and revive old beliefs and practices. directly or indirectly deeply influenced by Moscow.

New movements, economic, social, intellectual, In Turkey there is lively discussion not only of spiritual, are stirring everywhere. 'rhe currents social but of religious liberty. Husein Jahid Bey run counter to each other, and Zionism, Bolshevism, Commercialism, Nationalism, Imperialism, has recently published a book with the title, "The all have their own interests centering in the Near Book of the Citizen" mainly translated from two East. Each is a disintegrating factor in the old French authors. In the chapter on Religious Liberty he says: Religious liberty holds first place among all social liberties. Religious liberty does not mean merely the right of every person to be free in his sohwonulrdelbigeiofur es eb et ol i ebf~ but it means also that every church es- tablished anywhere without any hindrance, and to propa- gate its ideals by word or by institutions such as hospitals, schools and universities. 'A free church in a free State,'

as it is in America and in Holland. To worship God as I wish, and to believe as I think should be the right of every person. The state does not recognize 'believer' or 'unbeliever'; it recognizes only 'citizen.''' Then we have the following most significant words regarding Chris- tianity and the Gospel:

The Gospels proclaim a law of love and peace. Yet spite of the alliance between the scion of Abd-ul- since the days of the union of the Church with the State Majid and the multi-millionaire ruler of Hydera- under Constantine, the human conscience has been kept bad. The political horizon is clouded and no one under oppression. Many millions have been killed, expelled can foretell the weather that broods on the North- and persecuted. Bloodshed in the name of religion is west frontier of India or in the Near East. greater than that shed in political warfare. If the State and the Church had not united their interests and passions, III. Across this restless and changing world Christendom would not have witnessed such cruelty. However, the political interests of the Kings and Popes have the message of the living Christ is exerting its disappeared. No one is forced to accept a religion today. Whether one praises the Renaissance and the great Re- power silently and ceaselessly. formation or curses them, it does not matter. Today that mentality is dominant everywhere. Our thought, ideals, The production and distribution of the Bible morals, are saturated with those principles. Today a citizen and a believer seem to be on opposite sides. On the continues wihlout hindrance. In North Africa one hand liberty is considered as a poisonous fruit of the Great Revolution, and the believers are taught to curse it. the sales of the Christian Scripture increased On the other hand the citizens are told to look to the Church as an enemy of civilization. There is much con- from 17,000 copies in 1904 to 78,000 in 1928. fusion in people's minds on these points. This is alto- Last year for the first time in history a colporteur gether baseless. Christianity is no enemy of liberal insti- sold eight hundred gospels openly and without tutions; in fact such institutes have existed only in Chris- molestation in the streets of Ouezzan, the sacred tian countries. The peoples who have followed the laws city of Morocco. In Persia and East Arabia the of Brahma, Buddha, and Mohammed have known nothing Gospel may truly be counted among "the best but despotism. Modern liberty is the fruit of the Gospels. sellers." Its penetrative power is evident in village conversation and in the city press from Needless to say, such a bold prophet met with Fez to Isfahan. The leading poet of Egypt and the outstanding novelist of Turkey, both Moslems, opposition, and the reactionary press handled his acknowledge their indebtedness to the Bible for inspiration and style. A missionary in India book very roughly. asked a Mullah who was preaching to villagers on being born again, "Sir, from where did you get In Egypt the case of the Moslem convert and the subject of your sermon?" Immediately he pulled from a pocket a copy of the New Testapreacher, Kamil Mansur (who suffered imprison- ment, and turning to the third chapter of St. John said, "I got my subject from here. For the ment on a false charge and was afterward ac- last two years I have carried this book with me always. The traditions of Islam are a thing of the quitted) was a step forward for religious liberty. past; it is now necessary for us to find salvation. Jesus has said, 'God is Spirit, and we must wor- We learn that "there are indications that the ship Him in spirit and in truth'."

leavening of thought and life by Western ideas, In day-schools, colleges, and universities, in outwhich has characterized the post-war history of door clinics, welfare-centers and hospitals, in so- Egypt, is still proceeding. At one time the swing cial service and deeds of mercy, the Living Christ of the pendulum seems to favor the party of re- is at work. The colporteur introduces men and form. At another it swings back in the direction women and children to their Best Friend-enof Moslem orthodoxy and conservatism. Many in- larging the circle every day of the year. stances might be quoted in illustration of this alternating movement. Two years ago it was A stimulating definition of a missionary was rumored that the reforms at al Azhar University given by a Turkish friend to Miss Ethel W. would include the introduction into the curriculum Putney of Gedik Pasha, Istanbul, Turkey. "There of the optional study of foreign languages, espe- are two kinds of people in the world," he said, cially French and English, and also the study of "those who are just good, and those whose goodcomparative religion. The Commission which ness is so living and contagious that others who was appointed to determine these reforms has come in contact with it are transformed. The recently issued its report. It is true that much latter are the only true missionaries, whatever has been done to correlate the programme of stu- their label may be. They are living in such vital dents at al Azhar with that prescribed in the. touch with God that His power and love transordinary Government schools, but there is no men- form them, and through them, others." tion of either foreign languages or comparative religion. It would appear that, for the moment, This testimony should encourage those who are the conservative element at al Azhar has pre- perplexed by the paucity of converts in lands vailed." where public confession is still so difficult.

So the rising tide of progressive nationalism God is working out His purposes secretly and meets an undertow of reactionary currents every- openly. The latest news from Java gives the total where. The Moslem congress, called to meet in number of baptised Moslems in that Island as over Jerusalem in December, has already encountered strong opposition to its program in the Cairo press. The Caliphate will not be resurrected in

PRIMITIVE TRIBES OF THE CARIBBEAN

47,000-forty thousand more than the statistics lands, the words of an Indian Statesman, the late God gave Elijah when he was down-hearted! (I Sir Narayan Chandavarkar, come to mind. He Kings 19 :18). spoke of the conversion of India, but his words apply to the Moslem world as well : A letter comes just now from a friend in Central Asia: "Never before has the Christian "The process of conversion of India to Christ Mission in Turkestan been so successful and may not be going on as rapidly as you hope, or promising as it is now. During the first three in exactly the same manner as you hope but, quarters of this year more than thirty Moslems nevertheless, India is being converted; the ideas have confessed their faith in Christ and have that lie at the heart of the Gospel are slowly but been baptised." surely permeating every part of Hindu society, and modifying every phase of Hindu thought." As we consider the present situation in Moslem Primitive Tribes of the Caribbean ..:{ By the REV. THOMAS C. MOFFETT Philadelphia, Secretary of the Indian Missions of America I N the twenty republics south- how primitive and uncivilized east of the United States, are the native Indian tribes. there is an estimated popula- Pre-historic ruins, extinct civ- tion of 18,000,000 pure-blood In- ilizations, ancient cultures, are dians, speaking the native' lin- being investigated, as aerial sur- guae. If those of mixed blood, veys, archeological researches, predominantly Indian, are in- and daring explorations bring to cluded, then the classification of Ii g h t unsuspected material.

35,000,000 as Redmen may not What unwritten history is sug- be far astray in the whole of gested by the mute record of the Latin America. Several of these pyramid of San Juan Teotehua- republics have a very small per can near Mexico City, compara- cent of Caucasian or white in- ble in size with the great pyra- habitants. Mexico has only nine- mid of Egypt; by the granite teen per cent white, and the five stelae and enduring walls of an- Central American states average cient Mayan ruins, over which fifteen per cent. Col. Lindbergh and other discov- This is really Indian America. erers have flown during the last Only a few years ago the legis- year; by the Inca altars of Cuz- lature of Ecuador seriously con- co, Peru, and by the scant me- sidered making the old Inca morials of early Caribs, Arawa- tongue, the Quicha, which is kas, and Chivchas of the old spoken today by a large propor- Spanish Main.

tion of its inhabitants, the offi- The . whole Indian situation cial language of the republic. from the viewpoint of the Chris- Another surprising fact is tion missionary enterprise needs that South America should still to be studied. But so vast are retain her position as the one the areas, and so backward great division of the area of the and isolated are the native world, outside of the polar populations, that comparative- regions, large districts of GOAJIRO INDIAN OF COLOMBIA ly limited fields must be which are still unknown to segregated, such as the Car- white men. The recent explorations of the ibbean coastal region of which this article treats.

Dickey expedition along the sources of the The continent of South America is 3,300 miles Orinoco River in Venezuela and Brazil re- wide by 5,000 miles long. Brazil alone is larger veal how unfamiliar are vast regions and than the United States. Where civilization has

not penetrated, where the Indian tribes have not each of the bays, opening from the Caribbean, for that strait which should lead to far Cathay. had the privileges of education and evangeliza- Seeking the same mythical passage, Balboa pene- trated into the interior and climbed the ridge tion, there are to be found today the most back- where ward and savage regions of the world. Here is With eagle eyes He star'd at the Pacific-and all his men probably the largest body of neglected human be- Look'd at each other with a wild surmise Silent upon a peak in Darien. ings, from the viewpoint of the Church and the The number of Indians in Panama at the pres- Christian message, in proportion to the total pop- ent time cannot be even approximately estimated, for few of the primitive wild Indians leave their ulation, of any element of earth's inhabitants, un- jungle and mountain retreats, and the census enu- merators of the Republic do not penetrate to their less Central Asia is to be excepted. isolation. One hundred thousand is the figure given as comprehending the total, and 36,000 The historic Spanish Main, extending in a tribal Redmen of this number, still holding to their native language, customs and independence, crescent along the shores of the Caribbean from acknowledging relations to no other government Panama on to the northeast coast of Guiana, now in the Isthmus. There appears to have been was the scene of the romantic and adventur- no written language, not even a system of hieroous exploits of the gold-seekers, Spanish con- glyphics, among the aborigines of Panama. They quistadores, buccaneers and pirates. Here was were less nomadic than the North American tribes the arena of the conquests over numerous Indian and in weaving and domestic arts they were populations, exploited by the stronger and well- superior. armed Europeans, who exterminated millions of these Redmen. Of all the varied interests of this To enumerate the tribal divisions and charactropical region, its natural resources, its climate, teristics of these Indians would be to little purwhich in our northern winter affords a dry, balmy, pose, but the outstanding facts regarding the sun-kissed land of health and recreation, and its larger groups and their utter neglect religiously history of conquest and adventure, the greatest should be of special interest, for here is an unfulsubject to engage one's attention is the treatment filled task of evangelism for which the Christian accorded the native Indian tribes, their persist- forces of the Church in the United States have a ence to this day in most adverse circumstances, primary responsibility. and their utter neglect and dire need of attention from the organized Christian forces of Europe The San BIas Indians live in settled villages and America. These backward aborigines have re- along the Caribbean coast and on an archipelago tained a mistrust and an aversion to strangers, of islands. They are short in stature, stocky and especially the Spanish, whom they have every industrious in their habits. The finest coconuts reason to regard as enemies. "Their feeling is not are grown by them and they are good fishermen. a reasoned one," states Dr. Pittier, who, as trav- It was the ancestors of these Indians who made eller, ethnologist and scientist, has established welcome the luckless Scotch colonizers who settled closest contacts with them. "It is the instinctive Caledonia harbor, 140 miles from Colon toward distrust of the savage for the unknown or inex- Colombia, some two hundred years ago, but after plicable, intensified in this particular case by the untold hardships and mishaps they abandoned the tradition of a long series of wrongs at the hands venture. In all these years that have elapsed the of the hated Spaniards." San BIas have clung to the traditions of friend- ship for the British and hatred for the Spanish. The Republic of Panama geographically is the bridge between the two continents of the western An evangelical missionary, Miss Anna Coope hemisphere. In area it is the size of the state of from England, labored among these Indians for a Indiana, or of New Hampshire and Vermont com- number of years and laid the foundations for a bined. The great inter-oceanic canal has now permanent work. Political opposition and legal made it the crossroads of the world. The history barriers prevented the continuance of this work of this narrow Isthmus, where the long mountain about seven years ,ago, but several promising range extending from far northern latitude to the young men of the tribe have received an education extremity of South America reaches its lowest in the United States and are ready to return to elevation, presents vivid contrasts of the primi- their own people as evangelists and teachers. The tive tribes in their aboriginal surroundings of Indian Mission of America, with headquarters in jungles and tropical forests. There they were iso- Philadelphia, desires to resume work for the San lated from all contacts until the sudden appear- BIas. ance of Europeans, the ruthless invasion of the territory of the Indians, brought about the extermination of many tribes and the retiring of other groups into the fastnesses never penetrated by white men even to this day. Columbus sought in

Of the same linguistic stock are several groups The Indians of Panama generally drink heavily, in the province of Darien, adjoining Colombia, and and the white man's rum is to some extent taking extending to the Pacific ocean. The resources of the place of the native brew of chica. Not all of this province are very rich in minerals and tim- the tribes indulge in tobacco, and in some sections ber, medicinal plants, and dye woods. The region the cigars are mere hollow rolls, the lighted ends is largely unmapped and unexplored. being held in the mouth.

The Chocos are one of the smaller and least A GROUP OF THE MOTILONES ,OF VENEZUELA known tribes of the Darien. Prof. Pittier wrote of them: "NeV'er in our twenty-five years of The republic of Colombia has an extensive Intropical experience have we met with such a sun- dian population, widely separated in tribes of loving, bright and trusting people, living nearest great divergence; but along its northern coast, to nature and ignoring the most elementary wiles adjoining the Caribbean, there are two divisions, of so-called civilization. Physically they are a fine the Goajiros, of Arawak stock, occupying the long and healthy race. The first thing the Chocos do in peninsula which projects on the borders of Venethe morning is to jump into the nearby river and zuela, and the Sierra Nevadas of the high mountheir ablutions are repeated several times in the tain regions, near the Santa Marta coast, .a tribe course of the day. They seem to be exclusively of Chivcha stock. monogamistic and both parents surround their children with tender care. They are very indus- Of the Indians of the peninsula about ten per trious. During the dry spells their life is out of cent speak Spanish, and thirty per cent underdoors, planting and watching their crops, hunting, stand it. Their country is dry cactus desert, with fishing and canoeing. When the heavy rains come hills extending toward Venezuela, where some they stay at home, weaving baskets of all kinds, 2,000 Cocinas or bandits dwell. My visit during making ropes and hammocks, carving dishes, mor- the past winter to this peninsula revealed the negtars, stools and other objects out of tree trunks." lected state of this tribe and the open door of opportunity for missionary effort. Their life is In Chiriqui Province, a day's voyage on a coast- almost as primitive and aboriginal as the Indians ing steamer from Panama City at Remedios, are whom Columbus and the Spanish conquistadores found the Zabanero Indians. They defeated the discovered. It is a sobering thought to find that Spanish and still hold their own territory back in they have been left through the long years in unthe Cordilleras. They are supposed to antedate relieved paganism and illiteracy. the Aztecs and the Mayas. The coastal Indians of Venezuela cannot be in- The second grouping of the tribes of Panama cluded in the purview of this article, except for a is the Guamies, extending toward the Republic brief allusion to two divisions. The Motilones, of Costa Rico in the provinces of Chiriqui and the name meaning "crop-haired," use the poi- Boco del Toro. Among the Valientes a mission of soned arrows and are hostile to commercial or the Wesleyan Methodists is firmly established, adventurous intrusion into their country. They having been started in 1917. These Indians num- have long been regarded as being very dangerous, ber about 8,000 and are located on the Caribbean and no efforts have been made to educate or evanside of the Isthmus. The United Fruit Company gelize them. However, during the past year the has banana and cocoa lands in this region. On peaceable visit of a missionary, Mr. John Duval the coast the mission has three churches and three Rice, was received in friendly spirit. Without fireday schools. Headquarters are maintained also in the mountain section, where a considerable num- arms, and in a kindly, tactful approach, this repber of these Indians were driven by the Mosquito Indians of Nicaragua. They have a language all resentative of the Church found that the illtheir own, into which the New Testament has reputed Motilones were without exception friendbeen translated by Rev. Ephraim Alphonse, who maintains a medical dispensary and acts as their spiritual leader. One of the teachers in the school is also a trained nurse.

In the valley of Mirando, which is high up in the Cordilleras, in a region cut off from the Plains, there are some 5,000 of the Guamies, the most primitive Panamanian natives outside of Darien. This beautifully forested country will be opened up by the new road being constructed from Panama City to David.

ly, unusually honest and generous. They live a open. Venezuela has recently excluded the Archmost primitive life, without houses or hammocks. bishop of the Roman Catholic Church and super- intendents representing mission boards from en- At the extreme northwestern corner of Vene- tering the country, but here also private evangelizuela there are Indians, grouped in the region of cal schools are recognized, and limited tolerance Maracaibo, where the oil interests have developed of freedom of worship prevails. Panama, with the large commercial activities. The story of neglect change of government effected December, 1930, and of debasing influences from contact with will be ushered into a new progressive era and greed and aggressions of white civilization is re- will afford protection for Protestant enterprises. peated here. The Scandinavian Alliance of the United States has established mission stations at There is no louder call or more legitimate claim a number of points around the Lake of Maracaibo. for an advance in Protestant mission effort than this made by the native tribes of the Caribbean. Concerning the opportunities for evangelical A Christian statesman has recently observed: missionary effort in the Republics of the Carib- "The world is paying attention to the great Conbean, it should be noted that Colombia has been tinent of the South as never before. We hope that least tolerant and that the Roman Catholic Church definite plans will be discussed and adopted whose has, until the elections of February, 1930, held sole and persistent aim will be to bring the truth almost undisputed power. But with the Liberal as it is in Jesus Christ to these millions of unvictory, and the hope of revision of existing re- evangelized Indians of South America." ligious legislation, a wider door of privilege will The Spirit of Home Missions I am the Spirit of Home Missions.

I was born in the heart of the lowly.

My ancestors were pioneers: My mother is the Church; My father is the spirit of righteous adventure.

In my early life I fought against ease and stagnation.

I blazed new trails in thought and endeavor; I slept in the great forests of the West; I drank from her running brooks; My footprints are seen everywhere.

I searched for stout hearts and found them: John Stewart, Jason Lee, McKendree, Brother Van, Forsyth.

I have increased courage in the hearts of men who dare.

I always keep "on the line of discovery."

I have welcomed the new-born babe in the frontier cabin; I walk the crowded city streets; I visit the sick; .

I preach the Gospel to the poor.

I gave the Negro my right hand and helped him up.

I welcome the immigrant And show kindness to the stranger in our land.

I help build your churches, Your schools, colleges, hospitals, homes; I help educate your youth and train your minister.

I live because I serve.

I am not a formal organization: Departments, bureaus, secretaries, treasurers; These are only my framework.

I am a spirit, Commissioned of God and blest by the lowly Nazarene; I must help mEm in heroic tasks- For humanity gnaws at my heart.

Therefore let me go to the needy places.

My spirit must live!

-EZRA Cox, in The Christian Advocate.

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~=.~~~===============I~ THE CHALLENGE OF "THE heathen" no longer "raging so most potent factor in the solu- furiously together" as they rage tion of all problems, at home and CHANGING ORDER" against Christians for our re- abroad, that the world has ever ligious inconsistencies and our known, and that the leadership By Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison overgrown Nordic bumptious- of Jesus Christ is still mankind's ness-these are among the fea- paramount need. "We are immersed in the at- tures that face us as we sweep mosphere of change and dedi- the horizon. The fault is not with the cated to the proposition that Gospel but with ourselves. We growth is the essence of the Grave difficulties also confront may well echo Walter Rauschen- Christian scheme . . . . No one us at home. Our young people, busch's dictum: "It rests with us can chart the roads we shall fol- who have hobnobbed at college to say if we are now to enter low; the destination may be un- with Chinese, Hindus, Japanese, upon a new era in the transforcertain; but once more with staff Filippinos-a n d incidentally mation of the world into the in hand we are on our way." have been hard-pressed to keep Kingdom of God, or if our civili- pace with them-are naturally zation is destined to go down to -Rev. D. J. Evans skeptical about their responsi- the graveyard of dead civiliza- bility towards civilizations old, tions and God will have to try "The changing world which we cultural and rich. They do not again". are facing demands a changing realize, alas! that these nonattitude" . Christian people are still blindly Readjustments are often as groping for soul-liberty and painful as major surgery-and -Edward A. Steiner light. The writer recently saw nearly the whole of a Y. M. C. A. as necessary. Since world con- "When he, the Spirit of Truth, district conference vote "thumbs ditions have never been satisis come, he will guide you into down on Foreign Missions". factory and the principles of all truth". Jesus have not yet been given a Recent shifts in the basic idea fair trial, is not change (of a -Jesus Christ of the universe have not been certain sort) our only hope for without effect on students. When betterment? The blue-prints In this challenging greeting the Law of Gravitation is dis- and specifications of yesterday's your incoming editor of these carded and the North Star of methods may fall short of struc- "Effective Ways of Working" force-and-matter skids from its tural needs today. They are due asks readers to accept her as a course, many students hastily for a thorough overhauling. But comrade on the pilgrimage in infer that former religious and the fundamental plan of the quest of a Better Order. World- missionary sanctions are des- Master Builder is without a flaw. changes are rendering obsolete tined for the scrap heap. . many of our time-honored modes To this end your "Effective of missionary activity. The solu- It is true' that some old mo- Ways of W 0 r kin g" editor tions of the problems with which tivations for missions no longer prayerfully dedicates her space every mission field bristles are move the rank and file of the to the exploiting of programs yet in the making, and the need Church. The mainspring of and plans forged in the experifor constructive Christian think- benevolence has grown weaker, ence of successful workers. The ing is increasingly imperative; so that the missionary speaker talismanic password of the dethe writer therefore summons is often hard-pressed for a hand- par t men t is not "Why?" all good scouts to come forward, hold on the purse strings of his "What?" or "How?" but "Tested "staff in hand," to do their bit audience. But none of these Usag.e". Outstanding workers of exploring and experimenting. things need move us from our of various denominations have purposeful endeavor, if we can already pledged their help. If Our "field" is still "the world," sincerely dedicate ourselves to you have either programs or debut the field-glass has changed the service of world-humanity' vices that have motivated more into a kaleidoscope. Cyclonic because of our conviction that intelligent interest and giving in social changes at home; great the body of ideals incorporated any department of missionary tidal waves of rampant national- in Christianity constitutes the ism abroad; the leaders of a vast endeavor, send them along! people of 150,000,000 souls defi- [41 ] nitely committed to a propa- -E. S. A. ganda of atheism intended to undermine all religions, and "the

A Symposium for Program- January meeting passed out Y-oung people given Christian Makers daintily decorated cardboard training; bells, each bearing a letter of the There is no denying the im- inscription, "Happy New Year," E-ducation through mission- and an article attached to its ary reading; petus of fresh beginnings. Rid- back. The recipients came for- ward in proper rotation and A-ttendance and program icule notwithstanding, why not carried out the instructions. maintained at high standard; capitalize the current date and H called for the devotional R-ealization of these goals service from a Japanese key- t h r 0 ugh tireless, prayerful, crystallize its value in a set of note; united effort. activ.ated New Year's resolu- A was a poem-"Song of the Wheel", from Assam; The bells were suspended in tions calculated to make pro- rotation across the platform. P read a letter from a mis- Writing materials were passed gram-building more effective? sionary in India; and for the roll call each woman was asked to write her mission- The following points for a syn- P read a short article on the ary New Year's resolution. The work of an African missionary; slips were then collected, mixed thetic "resolution" have proved up and passed out again to be Y offered the prayer; read aloud, anonymously. The their worth in many churches in service closed with the singing N gave experiences of a mis- of "We Have Come to the End all departments of missionary of Another Year", set to the sionary family in China; tune of "A Perfect Day". endeavor: E read a brief article on work 3. Conserve Calendar Values 1. Be Systematic. During 20 in Russia; in Membership Recruiting. This W reported recent Philippine years' service as a methods sec- is most effectively done in Janu- news; ary, at the autumn rally, or at retary, the writer's mail has the opening of the fiscal year of Y sang a song-"Joy Bells"; the organization. The best way been flooded with requests for to enlist new members is to go E read the description of work after them. At a district meetmaterial recently exploited in a among American Indians; ing of the Methodist Woman's Home Mission Society, at Lakemagazine but which, alas! the A talked on social center side, Ohio, a number of tested work; recruiting methods were deinquirers had allowed to go the scribed. In one church, three R read a closing poem. women go at regular intervals to way of waste papers. If your the church office, make an alpha- Each successive participant betical list of all women in the new "Effective Ways of Work- hung her bell on a wire at the congregation not members of the front to form the missionary woman's society and assign the ing" editor is to be of maximum greeting of the day. names to the circle leaders in whose districts they live. Each service to readers, she would At the January meeting of the leader proceeds to distribute First Baptist Church, Warsaw, these names among her group of earnestly recommend Indiana, an acrostic incorpo- workers for intensive cultiva- rated the same initials, each tion. Those not successful in (a) Well indexed letter files letter being on a bell painted in landing their recruits return the silver on a red background. The names to their circle leaders and in which materials for all occa- letters represented a goal for the fresh assignments are made. sions are laid away ready to opening year in three-minute The largest returns were in- talks given by each recipient. variably found to be where the hand. most determined efforts had H-elpfulness in some line of been put forth. (b) Scrap books that are Christian service; . In another church, on one day neither methods "crazy quilts" A-Iways faithful in the serv- of each month there was ob- ices of the church; tained from the church secretary nor literary "hash" but are a list of all new people who had P-rayer for the work of the appeared in the congregation, classified repositories of real Kingdom; and assignments of responsi- bility were made as above. Retreasure-troves for program- P-articipation by systematic cipients of names phoned, called giving; and wrote notes giving urgent makers. invitations to the luncheon at the Y-ielding ourselves whole- (c) A series of pasteboard heartedly to Christ's service; boxes, duly labeled and listed, in N-umber of women enlisted in group Bible study increased; which are preserved not only E-vangelism majored in all clippings but bulky cut-outs, our work; year books from other organiza- W-iIlingness to perform as- tions, and source-material. signed tasks; (d) Note books to corral thoughts and suggestions from hither and yon.

(e) Card indexes and filing jackets, which are just as ef- fective in the King's Business as in the commercial world.

2. Be Timely. As stimulating to the mind as salad "greens" to the palate in spring is the pro- gram that just fits its calendar setting. If not available for thIS month, file the ensuing plans away for next year. .

A Bell Program for January In the woman's society of the First Baptist Church, Muskegon, Michigan, the leader of the

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

next meeting of the society. The resented, and who has made a As the study progresses, an evewoman extending the invitation agreed to meet or call for her study of the people of that land ning is designated to each of the guest and act as her hostess at table. The effort must be fol- and of the missionary stations in eight groups on which to make lowed up in various ways to be 100 per cent successful. it, is prepared to explain its ex-· their report to the church, each Some women reported carry- hibits and to present its mission- in its own way with blackboards, ing large yellow stars in their handbags when out calling. ary aspects and needs. The maps and charts. One may pre- They inscribed on a point of the star the name of each new material necessary for the ex- sent it in dramatic fashion in woman they discovered and handed in the stars when thus hibit may be obtained from the the form of a meeting of the filled. For this they received some token of recognition from mission boards or from world board which it represents, and the society. travelers in the congregation or arguments pass to and fro 4. Resolve That the Best Is None Too Good for a Missionary neighborhood. The making of across the table. Missionaries Meeting. Work over missionary programs as hard as you would the models is a fine hand work may appear to plead their work for a club or for a "pay" entertainment; then the day is project for church school classes. causes. The varied claims of difdue to come when the sign, "Standing Room Only" will An automatic stereopticon in the ferent features of the work are greet all late comers to a missionary s e r vic e. "Faithful assembly room may display pic- disclosed-for example in the Traditionalists" take notice! tures of the missionary fields. case of missions, the evangel- A PASTOR'S METHODS After a supper, where the pur- istic, educational and medical. By Robert A. Ashworth, D. D., Editor of The Baptist pose and procedure of the eve- Another group may present an The trouble with the average ning are explained, the people original play incorporating the church, missionwise, is that the best members are so busy with visit the various rooms in lessons which it wishes to teach. their personal tasks that they have little time or energy to give groups. As each group appears, If a secretary of a board that is to real study of the missionary enterprise. It is a truism that the teacher explains the contents being considered can be present interest grows out of knowledge. It is the pastor's job somehow to of the room and the missionary to answer questions it is very arrest the attention of his thoughtful people for a suf- task and the opportunities in the desirable. The adequacy of the ficiently long period for them to look on all sides of the mission- country represented. presentations will differ with ary task. A more effective method is an the genius of the group, but you One of the methods which I have found fruitful is a mis- intensive study of the denomina- may depend upon it that, as a sionary exhibit. Each missionary country in which the church tional budget. Who determines result of this method, there will is at work is assigned a church school class room. On the walls it? "What justification is there be some who will have solved and tables are arranged curios, clothing, books, maps, pictures, for it? Where does our money the enigma of the budgets and models of missionary buildings -everything which can serve to go and why? will understand the difficulties make graphic the people and religions and work in the coun- Choose wisely a large group and the significance of the tasks tries to which the respective of men and women-fifty is not which they have assigned to rooms are devoted. too many if they can be secured. their denominational leaders.

Where possible a teacher clad Their officers divide them into "The Challenge of Change" in the costume of the land rep- committees, assigning to each a in America study of the budget of one de- nominational board. In our own A dramatic program based on case these are eight in number- the Home Mission Study Book- Foreign Missions, General and 'Vornen's; Home Missions, Gen- I. "Already we have 'a new eral and Women's; Publication earth,' but we cannot yet add, Society; Board of Education; 'wherein dwells righteousness.' "

Min i s t e r s and Missionaries Setting: Tea party with young Benefit Board; Board of Mis- women of yesterday, costumed sionary Coo per a t ion. Each as guests of the young women of group meets as often as neces- today. If desired, those on pro- sary to make their study of the gram may sit about a tea table subject assigned. It is extraor- and introduce the simple dia- dinary how a study of the logue and action of women tak- budget will open up every phase ing tea together, as they speak of the work. Much romance on the topics.

lurks in a budget. Questions are Program: 1. What We Were raised; doubts and criticisms, Thinking When I Was a Girl perhaps, are suggested; the diffi- (pp. 8-16). Emphasizes the con- culties and handicaps of the task trast between the conformity are revealed. Material is found and traditionalism of early days in the annual reports and de- and spirit of inquiry today. nominational year books. Sec- 2. How We Were Living When retaries are pleased to aid in. I Was a Girl (pp. 16-20). Em- such a project, either by corre- phasizes the material. contrasts spondence or personally. Spe- between the two periods.

cial investigations are assigned. 3. The Wealth of America

Today (pp. 20-27). "God and of our community lack the Church-Prophecies; (3) My the Census" (p. 126). ministry of the Church? Church. Divide those present 4. The Power of America To- III. "Good Samaritan Tales." into two groups, each with a day (pp. 27-32). . Setting: Picture of "The Good leader, for the discussion of such topics as "How can we vitalize 5. Devotional Period: Dia- Samaritan" visible to the audi- for Christ our membership logue taken from Rauschen- ence during the meeting. roll ?" busch's Parable (pp. 33, 34). Poster: "Two Sketches"-l. Discu..ssion: What would be an (If tea-party setting is used, The Good Samaritan, 30 A. D., ideal program of missionary the leader calls in, as a surprise binding up traveler's wounds. education in our church? Does feature, the Spirits of First and 2. Home Missions, as Good my church use the "cookie- Last Centuries, and lets their Samaritan, binding up society's cutter" method in religious edudialogue introduce the devo- wounds. cation? tional features of the service.) Topics: Modern Good Samari- VI. My Share in America's To- Theme: "Not by might nor by tan in guise of Home Missions morrow." power, but by my Spirit" (pp. introduces the various Samari- tans, personified, as mentioned Setting: A globe, illumined by 3-8; 32-35). in the text. an overhead light. Scripture: Gal. 5 :13-25. Hymns: "Lead on, 0 King Discussion Topics: Is my Poster: ~'Religion Is Caught- church training young people to Not Taught." Let the words, "I Eternal" ; "0 Beautiful, My help supply "adequate church am the Light of the World," Country". leadership?" Does my church have rays of light illuminating have responsibility tow a r d s an American woman. Let rays Prayer: That America may underprivileged groups in the of light emanating from the become more truly a nation community? woman make a pictured globe whose God is the Lord; that missionary wisdom and devotion may be increased; that material change may challenge us to new IV. "From Many, One." bright. spiritual victories. Setting: On table under an Topics: High lights of the Poster Suggestion: "Times arch of Christian Fellowship, chapter should be interspersed Change"-Young w 0 man in display dolls dressed in costumes with very practical discussion modern dress extending her of different lands. que s t ion s assigned to good hand of greeting to a woman in Poster: "From Diversity to speakers. an old-fashioned gown. Unity"-a heap of tangled Discussion: Why do so many Questions for Discussion: Has threads; a woven mat. of our causes fail to secure funds the Church adjusted itself to the Topics: (1) Impersonations necessary for maintenance or needs of changed America? Is by Mrs. Ruth Muskrat Bronson enlargement? Why is the new the Twentieth Century growing (H. M. Congress Report, pp. 45- generation so largely un-won to in its appreciation of moral 50); (2) The West Indies (Re- the world mission of Chrisvalues? Is it true that Amer- port, pp. 42, 43) ; (3) The Spirit tianity? ican society is organized to "pro- of D i v e r sit y-"Competitive duce things rather than people, Drift," (pp. 120-123) ; all talks Note. The foregoing outlines, furnished by Claire Goodsill Chandler of Galesburg, Illinois, with out-put set up as a god?" should be interspersed with re- and here condensed to conserve space, may be expanded similarly to the first program, for (If tea-party dialogue is developed, this discussion may be plies by The Spirit of Unity use in any adult group of the local church. using the subject matter from Materials can be furnished by the various de- nominational Literature Bureaus, and supple- worked into a dialogue.) same texts. mented ably by articles in THE REVIEW from month to month. II. "What Is Happening to Discussion Topics: Are there Home Missions"-a question too many churches in my com- munity? If so, which ones THE WORLD'S RELIGIONS and answer meeting. should be absorbed? What The approximate numerical stand- Setting: Box containing num- agencies can help the Church in ings of the organized religions .of the bered questions with ribbons at- its problem of moral and tached, to be drawn from the world, according to recent statistics, spiritual leadership ? ("God and is as follows: the Census," chapter 4.) box in turn by those prepared to Roman Catholics. . . . . . .. 310,000,000 answer. Orthodox Catholics …. 120,000,000 Poster: "Questions and An- V. The Church-"Portraits and Protestants . . . . . . . . . . .. 200,000,000 swers"-a box from which issue Prophecies." Total Christians …. . 630,000,000 Jews …………….. . 15,000,000 the questions-What? When? Setting: Picture of the local church, perhaps with the Amer- Mohammedans …….. . 240,000,000 Where? How? Why? ican and Christian flags on Buddhists ………… . 130,000,000 Topics: Questions whose an- either side. Hindus …………… . 230,000,000 swers will cover the high lights of the chapter. Poster: "My Portrait-Would Confucianists, Taoists .. . 350,000,000 Discussion Topics: How do You Change It?" The picture Shintoists ………… . 35,000,000 of the local church. Animists …………. . 135,000,000 the churches of our community Miscellaneous ……… . 60,000,000 recognize the social implications Topics: (1) Today's Church- of Christianity? Does any part Port r a its; (2) Tomorrow's Total non-Christians .. 1,195,000,000 W omen"s Home and Foreign Bulletin HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 EAST FORTy-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK; COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK; FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA A WAY AND A DAY One laddie, venturing nearer she heard the class repeating By Bessie Farrar Madsen than the others, greeted us with aloud! Did not Jairam help her such a friendly smile that we secretly! As much as he knows It was a rough road that lay held out to him a picture paper she knows also. She is different; between our village and the town saying, "Come see, here is the she is the only girl in the town that was seven miles away. It shadow of a little lad like your- who wants to read." led through thick tall jungles self." "Yes, all of us go to school, over the ups and downs of a hilly but the school books we know by country, and there were ruts and heart. Have we not read them rocks and stumps and stones in for two years? We passed but the frequent detours that were we did not go into higher necessary to avoid the washouts. classes; there were no books.

Sometimes there were rustlings Ah ! Where is the bookshop?

in the underbrush that induced Does not the school master have watchfulness. Nevertheless, we to send for them from afar?

found it a beautiful way. When oil and salt cost so much It was called a town, this place who has rupees to send for toward which we journeyed. It A READING CIRCLE IN INDIA books? Alas, how many couries was the capitol of the Zemindari, only one book costs."

and the Rajah held his court He looked at the picture with "My father used to read, but here. Here was also his palace, the Hindi script beneath it, then he has forgotten." "Mine too. a post office and police headquar- with a quick appraising glance When we stop going to school, in ters. It is true that there were into our eyes he turned, saying, a few years the learning leaves said to be only about two hun- "Wait, your honor, I go to call us. Reading nothing we forget." dred homes, huts built of mud, my sister," and running off he But Jairam had found a story with their walled-in courtyards, called to the other children, "Do among the books; he was readbut it was an important place in not fear; she is friendly; she ing it aloud. Forgetting every- body he read on and on and on, the district. Thinking that there has papers with shadows." must also be a school here, we The children drew nearer. Al- while the group nearest him inhad slipped into the tonga a box most immediately the little run- tent as himself, listened to every of books and papers. Who away returned with his sister, a word. knows but there may be an op- sweet shy child of about nine. Others were saying, "Let me portunity, though we are going "She also reads," he announced read." "Find me a story."

today chiefly to present our with pride. The children called "Please tell us what this is salaams to the Rajah's house- him J airam. He was evidently about." It seemed that we had hold; for we had recently come a leader among them. Many had but just begun, when there was to the neighborhood and this was gathered by this time and such a call from the bullock driver.

our first visit to the town. an audience! They proved to be Might he remind us that the sun The old bullocks took the road eager for stories, quick WIth was setting and they were say- at their own sweet will, creeping questions, ready with bright bits ing in the village that a tiger like snails up the hills and com- of information about the town had been seen on the road lately. ing down again with their and the new palace, about each "Yes, we are coming Garshakey, bumpy trot. Though we other and the school. riwan. Listen children, we must had started at sunrise it was "Yes, there is a boy's school in go now. The way is long and nearing noon when we reached the town. For many years it the bullocks are slow. See, the the travelers' bungalow at the has been here. We read as high picture papers are our gifts to center of the town. A group of as the fourth reader. Oh no, you. The books you may have children had gathered when we there is no girl's school. If there too for your own, but you must stepped from the tonga. They were, who would send girls to give one pice (a halfpenny) each stood at a little distance watch- school? How did Jairam's sister for them. So will you treasure ing, curious, and half afraid. It learn? Did she not sit in the them the more. Would you like was seldom that white travelers shadow of the schoolhouse wall to have them to read to your came. and say over and over the lessons fathers and mothers?"

[45 ] "This is mine," said J airam, of gods and goddesses. India is It is a place of tragedy. Time untying the knot in his waist- rich in her folklore. after time the call comes to band where his treasures were If her learned ones would Eaton, the town just across the kept and taking out the one pice gather the best of these and railroad track, "Come quickly! he possessed. write them in simple language Another girl has attempted "And this is mine," said an- for the villagers, they could all suicide!" Sometimes the doctor other, taking the hoarded treas- share in the beautiful things of gets there quickly enoughure from the little bag that hung their own legend and history. If sometimes not, for lysol acts around his neck. Others appealed someone would write accounts of speedily. Murder is not uncomto fathers or big brothers who the faithful friendships and mon in the colony. The bootby this time formed part of the noble heroisms that are being legger thrives. Children pilfer large audience. lived every day by some of these coal from nearby yards that it Soon there were no books left lowcastes and outcastes, there may be sold to the beet workers and yet some there were with would develop for them through- at ten cents a sack. Then with empty hands whose disappoint- out the country more of con- illgotten gains there are tickets ment we appeased by promising sideration and respect. If those for the "show" and candy and again and again to return bring- who have learned from the Great cigarettes. Marij uana brings ing more. We started home- Guru would write such stories moments of forgetfulness to the ward at dusk. Jairam with his of the loving kindness of the sodden weary worker, but it also little sister followed the tonga. Heavenly Father as He Himself brings wretchedness and re- We stopped. "You will not be told, the paralyzing fears that morse in its train.

following far," we admonished, haunt the village life of India The Mexican loves his chil- "it will be growing dark." would be driven out in time by dren, but under the influence of Then the little girl spoke. She thoughts of love and hope. this drug of the Indian hemp was away from the crowd now; If those who have means family even this basal love is she was no longer shy. Lifting would offer to print such stories forgotten. Just a few weeks ago her brown eyes, she said ear- in attractive form and in the the worker, a visiting teacher, nestly, "Doing us a great kind- good clear scripts of the prov- sent into the field by the Council ness you have come to our town. inces and enable them to be put of Women for Home Missions, Many strangers have come, but on the market for far less than was met with the announcement, you only have brought us books. the cost of printing so that the "We have of the nifios in our Till you come again we will re- poorest could buy, then these houses." The teacher investimain watching. Salaam." little ones could find food and re- gated. As usual neither doctor "God bless you children, freshment and have a better nor nurse had assisted the ad- chance to "grow in wisdom and vent of the newcomer. Baths Salaam. Salaam." Shall we ever forget those two in stature and in favor with God and care were an immediate and man." necessity. For two days she who followed the tonga out of served. The third she gave the the town to thank us for bring- The Christian Literature So- grandmother directions and left ing books? In our thoughts they ciety of India is working nobly the care of patient and child to stand for the thousands of little at this problem. It was this that her. The fourth day as she folks in the villages all over the enabled us to sell the stories for entered, the older child again land who have learned in the so small a sum, but the need is met her, breathless with excitevillage schools. Leading their great and funds so limited! All ment. "You will have of the cattle to pasture or following the who have lived among the vil- quickness to come. The baby it plough, they are thirsty for lages in India realize this need, is deaded!" Shivering with apstories, hungry for books. If, and are doing what they can. prehension lest the baths be perchance, in the weekly bazaar Still the little ones are longing blamed, the teacher entered the some traveling merchant has for books in every village where cabin. It was dead! The grandbooks among his wares they are there has been a school. mother, crazed by smoking the books for learned pundits, not BEETS AND BABIES vicious drug had been irritated for the humble tiller of the soil by the cry of the child and had and his sons. Yet these villagers By Adela J. Ballard dashed the tiny bundle to the are not wholly without resource, floor with such force that the for when the day's work is done In Ragtown, Colorado, the child died of internal inj uries and the household sits about the beet colony houses provide during the night. A neighbor smoldering fire in the courtyard, homes for some three hundred reported these circumstances to they tell over and over the souls. Not always the same the teacher. Apparently no one stories they have learned and . three hundred, for there is a paid any attention to the grandthose that have been handed constant shift in the population, mother's crazed and remorseful down for hundreds of years but always some of the families ravings. from father to son-stories of have a shadow of a right to claim birds and animals, of ghosts and to have a permanent residence Some spasmodic attempts had demons, of kings and councilors, in the town. been made to create a better en-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

vironment in this and neighbor- antagonistic. Purposely there to layout the aged granding colonies. A few faithful was no com m u nit y center mother; once it was a request to souls in the town of Eaton have opened. No Mexican will let any the teacher to sell a pair of emalways been the friends of the other human being freeze while broidered pillow slips that the beet worker. The school had at- he has a shack and a few coals wife might raise money to get tempted to have more regular of fire. So the doors were opened the husband out of jail. Somea t ten dan c e. A doctor had to the teacher. Soon changes times it is the struggle to perstruggled with the ignorance began to be noted in the colony suade a mother that onions will and superstition. But there the thinking. not absorb the poison from an inhabitants believed that most abscessed jaw or that "witching" illness came from "evil eye" Lessons were easier after an cannot possibly cause illness. spells and the rest was "air evening spent with the teacher. borne." To enforce sanitary Mothers found she could teach After six months of service all them how to say the troublesome agencies insisted the work must laws was difficult. English words. If a doctor left go on. Most emphatic has been the verdict of the school officials: In September of 1930 it was A TYPICAL "BEET FAMILY" "Never before have we had such decided to make one last attempt regular attendance from the to change conditions. At a meet- an order she could explain and East Side children, or so little ing of the Eaton Luncheon Club, demonstrate how it should be trouble with them. Ragtown is a business men's group, the carried out. The teacher's state- not hopeless ! We must go on." Western Supervisor of Migrant ment, "You do not have to wait As for Ragtown-their approval Work for the Council of Women until you are eight to go to is embarassingly wholehearted, for Home Missions suggested school; I can get you in for the for even a visiting teacher, howthe employment of a visiting good times right now," made ever earnest and friendly, cannot teacher for the period of one school sound like a privilege to accomplish all needful reforms, year-the Council to be re- strive for instead of a punish- but the towns on both sides of sponsible for salary and the com- ment to be evaded. Six-year- the track are working together munity for the expense account. olds began to be seen in the that more of the fullness of life This was decided upon and a school yard instead of in the may come to those who serve the committee appointed to serve in alleys of Ragtown. Not half so economic needs of the comadvisory capacity. This com- much coal was stolen or mischief munity. mittee had in its personnel rep- complained of after the clubs resentatives from the educa- were formed and the tiny two- SUGGESTIONS FOR tional, health, church, medical room cabin fitted up with a stove and club agencies. An executive and chairs. It was too much fun ADAPTING WORLD DAY OF of the Great Western Sugar cooking and playing games and Company was appointed chair- having dramatics. PRAYER PROGRAM man. The distrust died a natural For Senior or Intermediate death long ago. When the Groups Miss Velma McDowell of teacher's car enters the alleys of Greeley was appointed worker. the town the main difficulty is Use the program, "Hold Fast She was just completing her to proceed for each running in Prayer" and consider it as work for her Master's Degree at board sags with children; there six special calls to you. Greeley Teacher's College. A are calls from cabins. The re": major in sociology and a teach- quests are various and startling; Call to Worship (Sections ing experience in a mining com- it may be the bathing of a new 1-3) red; Call to Prayer (secmunity where the workers were born baby, or it may be a request tion 4) orange; Call to Gratilargely foreign speaking, made tude (section 5) yellow; Call her peculiarly fitted for this to Service (sections 8, 9) green; Call to Intelligence work. (sections 6, 7, 10, 11, 13) blue; Call to Responsibility (sec- Colorado laws demand that tions 12, 14-20) violet. children be in school by their eighth year. With the Mexican Six leaders may sit on the beet migrant the two years be- stage with a scarf or costume of tween six and eight are many one of the primary colors, each times the child's only hope of person leading that section of education; after that age the the program. Take your printed child is a financial asset to the leaflet, "Hold Fast in Prayer," parent and the laws are evaded number from 1 to 21 the sections only too successfully. Only given in bold type headings, as friendly persuasion was pos- Organ Music, Call to Worship, sible. The first weeks did little Hymn, Responsive Reading, etc. except form friendly contacts. Then follow these section num- The bootleggers distrusted; the bers as indicated above for the houses of ill fame were openly six leaders.

Let one person tell or read the And pray that other hearts tional University at Peking. story, "The Two Searchers," may pray. Today he occupies a prominent from Mar gar e t Eggleston's -Annie Johnson Flint. place in government counsels book, "Fireside Stories for Girls and in foreign affairs, including in Their 'Teens." A second per- * * >I< the League of Nations.

son follows, stating that others Sometimes we have the im- His father, a Christian pastor have taken up Peter's work and pression that our own country in the primitive village of Poa-a, introducing speakers who give has all the virtue of the world. was supported in his work by spotlights of work accomplished Therefore, it is very well at such the Reformed Church in Amerin the countries of sections 7, 10, a time as this to emphasize the ica through the Amoy mission. 11 and 13. These speakers could contributions of other races and He had six sons, of whom three impersonate native people in cos- peoples. Let striking personali- have been or are university protume. fessors and one is today an in- ties from various lands be pre- ternational influence. *** sented as contributing to the Christian mosaic of the world. Three strands of rope or crepe paper crushed in cord style may This could be connected with the So has the Christian missionbe shown by three persons. closing hymn and prayer in the ary stimulated the intellectual They explain that one is Prayer, leaflet, "Hold Fast in Prayer." life of China. The modernist movement in that land of 400,- the second Money, and the third By Mrs. F. A. Phillips 000,000 souls is a reflex of the Service. A fourth person comes and braids them, reciting the AMOY DECLARES A HUMAN missionary impulse. But by no means have all the minds opened following poem: DIVIDEND thus to Western culture followed Pray-Give-Go The tall American found him- through with Christian training, self under intense scrutiny from and the ultimate trend of Three things the Master hath the young Chinese seated op- China's new life is unpredictable to do posite at a recent Century Club today. dinner to the Commission of the And we who serve Him here League of Nations for study of China at this stage is a chal- below, educational conditions in China. lenge of the most inspiring sort to the faith and fighting spirit And long to see His kingdom Finally-"G 0 0 d eve n i n g. of Christianity-a challenge and come Don't you know me?" said his a priceless opportunity. vis-a-vis. May pray or give or go.

He needs them all-the open hand, "Your face-yes, but I can't A MISSIONARY PRAYER The willing feet, the praying attach the name. Just give my heart. memory a lift won't you please?" I go among unloving hearts: To work together and to replied the tall American. The Lord, go Thou with me there weave And let me breathe Thy love alway, A three-fold cord that shall response was a greeting in Just as I breathe the air. Amoy Chinese. not part. Let each day's hard and thankless task "Oh, now I have you. I knew Nor shall the giver count his your father well twenty-five Be temple-work for Thee, gift years ago," said the American. And every meal communion "Which one of his sons are you And a feast of love to me. As greater than the worker's and what in the world are you deed, May I through all the noisy streets Nor he in turn his service 'doing in New York?" In Thine own peace rejoice, boast "Lecturing at Columbia and And hear above the noise and strife Above the prayers that voice special research work," was the Thy Spirit's still small voice.

the need. reply in Harvard English. "I'm So shall Thy glowing love be lived the fifth son." Ev'n in the common place; Not all can go: not all can And hearts unloving feel the throb give, By this chance reunion Dr. Of Thy rich, seeking grace. Warnshuis picked up the threads To speed the message on its of a life that was in its early -WORLD COMRADES. way. childhood when he left Amoy. Its subsequent record has been THE WILL But young or old, or rich or a brilliant one. First prepar- poor, atory work in the missionary Lord, knowledge is not all I need; high school at Amoy, next a Nor yet a mind intent on truth; Or strong, or weak, we all can course at St. John's University, But strength within to do the deed- pray. The will! the will!

Pray that the gold filled hands may give, Shanghai, then post graduate For often when I know the way, And truth before my eyes is clear, To arm the others for the work at Harvard, and finally, Ashamed I reach the close of day. fray; two years at Leipzig, where he Give me the will. earned his doctor's degree. He That those who hear the call may go, became a professor in the Na- -F. J. MOORE. Peace Through Religion ican children to Filipino children of Nations, that small section of last year. As a result of this Africa is now in line for the The gen~ral unsettlement of project thousands of Filipino overthrow of slavery. economic and political conditions children are looking toward the has caused drastic changes in United States with the light of Among recent revelations is the plans of the American com- friendship in their eyes. the active Arab slave trade from mittee for holding the World Abyssinia into Arabia. A Ger- Conference for International According to the Committee man traveler confirms the report Peace Through Religion, ar- on World Friendship Among that slaves are still "conveyed in ranged for Washington, D. C., in Children, the results are fully large caravan parties and em- November, 1932. Dr. Henry A. as gratifying as those secured by barked secretly on ships for sale Atkinson, general secretary, an- the friendship projects to Japan in Arabia." It is estimated that nounces that this conference is in 1926-27 and to Mexico in 2,000 men and women are sold to be distinctly American. Co- 1928.. Practically every class in every year and that hundreds of operative committees have been every public school received one slaves, especially women, are organized in nearly all large of the 28,000 chests, which the smuggled yearly and sold on the countries. In the Far East the teacher is to keep on her desk eastern side of the Red Sea. movement has made rapid for school papers, while the strides, especially in Japan. 750,000 separate articles in the Active leadership in the anti- chests were distributed to the slavery campaign is found in Dr. Atkinson states that ar- children. England, where for many years rangements have been made for the Anti-Slavery and Aborigines a great mass meeting, represent- Arrangements have been made Protection Society has kept ing nearly all the world reli- for cooperation with Colonel watch of the rights and interests gions, to be held in Geneva in Roosevelt's Porto Rico Child- of native populations in all parts February on the eve of the Feeding Com mit tee during of the world. Disarmament Conference, and March, April and May. Friendchurches throughout the world ship Treasure Chests were the Broadcast to Missionaries will be asked to hold interde- goodwill symbol. Each chest connominational services during the tained articles for school use, Broadcasting station KDKA of winter and send disarmament toys for boys and girls, friend- Pittsburgh is giving the leaders pleas to Geneva. ship letters, and in addition a of the Presbyterian Church, card indicating how many hot U.S.A., an opportunity to broad- The six joint presidents of the lunches were provided by the cast a monthly message to their movement are: Dr. S. Parkes sending group at five cents a missionaries in foreign lands. Cadman, representing American lunch. The time set is each third Satur- Protestants; Dr. Alfred Ein- day evening of the month-up to stein, representing the Jewish Slavery Still Exists March-ll :15 eastern time. The group; Msgr. Ignaz Seipel, min- Presbyterian Church is at work ister of foreign affairs of Aus- Few realize to what an appall- in more fields than any other tria, representing the Catholic ing extent this evil still curses church in the world. group; the Lord Bishop of Liv- the race. It is estimated that erpool, representing the Angli- there are today about 5,000,000 Christian Work for Asiatic cans; Dr. Rabindranath Tagore, slaves in various lands. Disclos- Farmers representing the sects of India; ure of frightful conditions in and Baron Sakatani, member of Liberia last December resulted The visit of Dr. Kenyon L. in the American Secretary of Butterfield to Japan, Korea, the Japanese House of Peers, State informing the Liberian China and the Philippine Islands government that unless the has been most timely. In these representing the Japanese reli- "shocking suppression of na- countries interest in rural work tives" which is "scarcely distin- has greatly increased in recent gions. guishable from slave raiding and years. In Korea, where special slave trading" be abolished, the classes for farmers are being World Friendship Through "friendly feeling which the organized, Dr. Butterfield con- Children American government and peo.,. ferred with the leaders and shared in the training confer- "A half – million sun – tanned pIe have entertained for Libe- ences. The Kingdom of God Movement in Japan and the little faces were wreathed in ria" will be alienated. With Five-Year Movement in China smiles by the presents which added pressure from the League came forth from the 28,000 Friendship Chests" from Amer- [49] both lay much emphasis on ef- fession days in the Sunday gregations worshipping in halls forts to reach the country peo- school. and missions. There are about ple. In the vicinity of Paoting- c. By observing the "Home 400,000 Jews with a religious fu, where the Mass Education Vis ita t ion Evangelism" life highly developed.

Movement under the leadership plan. Continuation in Home Missions of Dr. James Yen and the Liter- d. By holding special evanary Movement of the Churches "There has never been a time have centered their experimen- gelistic m e e tin g s 0 r when the nation needed the intal work, the results achieved preaching missions. spiration and guidance of a comare so successful that people in pelling religious faith more than all parts of China are beginning 3. Conserving Evangelical Re- in the present hour; never a to imitate the methods adopted sults. time when America was in there. Mr. Hubbard, the Ameri- a. By organizing and con- greater need of that spiritual can Board missionary in Pao- ducting a class, one night quality which the churches can, ting-fu, reports that in five each week for a period of if they will, contribute to the life years 29,999 persons have been six weeks, composed of of the nation. enrolled in reading classes, over new members. 7,000 have obtained a diploma of b. By following the members "If, however, the church is to literacy. The church member- who move. be the moral guide of all the ship shows a net increase of 70 c. By integrating the new people, then the various commu- membership into the active nions must heal their divisions, per cent. life of the Church. combine their resources and During the first half of Janu- d. By participation in weekly unite their forces in a construc- giving. tive, cooperative effort to meet aryan institute for country pI"esent-day needs." Such was workers will be held in the Can- 4. Helping the Pastor. the conviction of those who ton area. Then Dr. Butterfield a. In his evangelistic reading. spoke at the Continuation Conwill spend four weeks in the b. In his evangelistic preach- ference of the North American Philippines. From the middle of ing. Home Missions Congress which April to the middle of July he c. In his pastoral work- met in Cincinnati November 9 will be in Japan, where a strong shepherding. committee has arranged to have and 10. a Japanese leader and a mission- Evangelistic Drive for 50,000 This was the first of a series ary accompany him throughout the whole of his stay. Protestant churches of Chi- of "continuation conferences" to cago have entered upon an evan- be held in different parts of the gelistic drive for 50,000 new United States as a follow-up to NORTH AMERICA members which will culminate the North American Home Mis- Plans for Evangelism at Easter. The first meeting of sions Congress held in Washing- this drive was held September ton last year.

A suggested program for the 28. No important phase of mis- year to strengthen evangelism Nearly 600 clergymen repre- sion activity was overlooked.

throughout the churches sug- senting a score of different de- Past failures and present oppor- gests the following essential fea- nominations are engaged in the tunities were presented. The tures: campaign, assisted by leading church has a very definite re- 1. The Deepening of the Spirit- members of their churches. The sponsibility for the immigrant, whole is being directed by Dr. the mountain folk, the Negro, ual Life. Asa J. Ferry, pastor of Edge- the rural sections and cities. a. By enrichment of public water Presbyterian Church and chairman of the Chicago Church But one conviction seemed to worship. Federation's Commission on outweigh all others, namely that b. By more loyal church at- Evangelism. whatever the virtues of denomi- nationalism in the past, it is to- tendance. The recent survey by Dr. H. day hindering the work of the c. By daily devotions. Paul Douglass is quoted to show Church. Churches cost the peo- that there are approximately ple too much because of the The Commission on Evan- tremendous overhead brought gelism is making available 1,800 churches in the area and about by competition. Intelligent to the churches a series of that out of the population of cooperation would go a long way daily devotions from Janu- 3,500,000 in metropolitan Chi- to increase the usefulness of the ary first to Pentecost, May cago, the churches have more than 3,000,000 members. Of Church. 15. these about 2,500,000 are equally The Continuation Conferences d. By placing religious maga- divided between the Catholics will begin this year's series at zines and other Christian literature in the homes.

2. The Winning of Others to and Protestants, the Catholics Indianapolis on January 18th.

Christ. having 380 churches for their Other conferences will be held a. By pas tor s' instruction 1,250,000 adherents and the at Seattle, Portland, Oakland, classes. Pro t est ant shaving 1,300 Berkeley, San Francisco, Los b. By holding decision or con- churches, with numerous con- Angeles and Denver.

OUR WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK

Need Among Coal Miners sions at the Sixth Methodist board, the present status, and The Federal Children's Bu- Ecumenical Conference which the outlook for the future. The reau announces that about 25,- ended its session in Atlanta, figure adopted represents a re- 000 children will have to be fed Georgia, on October 25. Delein the soft coal areas of VVest gates from all parts of the coun- duction of close to five per cent Virginia and Kentucky this try attended. A delegation of u,nder the budget of appropriawinter. 60 or more came from Great Britain. tIons for the current year, or The American Friends Serv- about $200,000. ice Committee (Quakers) have The conference went on recundertaken this task and the ord strongly declaring that the Members of the staff of the Federal Council of Churches of Church should educate for peace, Presbyterian Board of National Christ in America is cooperat- that it should talk peace, should Missions are joining in making ing in the raising of necessary think peace and declared, "VVar funds, food and clothing. A must go or civilization goes." sacrificial gifts from their salanumber of relief stations have already been opened. VVeighing The occasion breathed the ries to the work of the board. the children reveals alarming spirit of brotherhood which expercentages of undernourish- ists in the various branches of Those who have united in this ment. Methodism t h r 0 ugh 0 u t the sacrificial giving include both w 0 1'1 d, numbering 12,000,000 Reports from field workers members and 30,000,000 con- the executive and the clerical tell of the desperate need for stituents, possessing 100,000 clothing. Mothers have made churches and owning $2,000,- staff at headquarters and presclothes for children from flour 000,000 worth of property. byterial and synodical execusacks. Many children are unable tives. to go to school because they have Prayer sessions of the convennot sufficient clothing. tion were an impressive feature. A Woman Pastor in Alaska The adults are also facing Valdez, a town on the coast of starvation unless aid comes. Alaska, has enjoyed some ups The present extreme distress of miners in the bituminous coal and several downs. In 1914 its industry comes from overexpansion of the industry, shrinkage population climbed to 2,100 peoin the market, and oversupply of labor, which have thrown ap- ple, who were attracted by copproximately 100,000 miners out of work. New means of making Protestant Episcopal Growth per mining and salmon cfaismhein~g a living must be found for these but by the time the VVar men and their families and they Alexander B. Andrews, of must have a way to live during its close only 350 were left. Tothe transition period. Raleigh, North Carolina, has put day there are 400 people in the The Federal Children's Bureau into figures the various activiand the President's Committee place, which is ninety miles on Employment turned to the ties of the Protestant Episcopal American Friends Service Com- from the next town. Many of mittee, which, because of their Church in the United States for experience in Europe and in the sea l' e Norwegians and scenes of industrial strife at the fifty years 1881-1930, incluhome, are especially well quali- Swedes, who do not object to fied to engineer this program. sive. The following table reveals cold weather and long winters. Gifts of clothing, food and the growth of the Church by money may be sent to the Amer- A Congregational church was ican Friends Service Committee decades: for Miners, 1515 Cherry Street, organized in 1900 and a building Commu- erected two years later. This Year Clergy nicants has continued to be the only per- 1881 …… " 3,369 344,580 1891 . . . . . . " 4,163 535,573 manent religious organization in 1901. . . . . . .. 5,011 751,156 1911. . . . . . .. 5,543 963,097 the community. Recent years 1921. . . . . . .. 5,987 1,104,029 1930. . . . . . .. 6,290 1,287,431 have brought a high school, a weekly visit from a boat, and an occasional airplane. The present pastor is a woman, Mrs. E. E.

VVhile some years have been Striegel. A member of the slow, the progress of the Church has been continuously upward. church who is now in the States More encouraging than the is showing his loyalty by raising growth in membership even is that in contributions. These the money for a new roof for the have risen from $6,539,927.69 in 1876 to $45,944,896.82 in 1930. building.

National Missions Cuts Budget LATIN AMERICA Of the ten governments in South American countries seven have been changed by revolu- Philadelphia, Pa. (Concerning A budget of appropriations tionary process, the administrafood shipments write to 20 for the year 1932-1933 amount- tions of two of them have been South Twelfth Street, Phila- ing to $3,915,000 was approved altered without revolution, but delphia.) by the Presbyterian Board of by action of the electorate which The Methodist Ecumenical National Missions at its semi- was almost revolutionary in Convention annual meeting held in Ashe- character. Of the heads of the ville, North Carolina, October 28 States with whom President Important pronouncements on and 29. Action on the budget Hoover conferred before his ininternational and church ques- followed a thorough review of auguration in 1928, not a single tions were made during the ses- the financial history of the one is now in office. Such facts

indicate the strain and difficulty The creation of these colonies In two years and a half reof the problems which the South and agricultural centers will quests for literature numbered American countries, together bring to the door of the evan- 842, from 120 cities and villages with other nations of the world, gelical churches new fields of in seven states. Of these 162 have been facing, and we will opportunity. The church should joined the reading club and read hope and pray that the coming be ready to furnish religious in- over 400 books. year will bring larger measures struction for the children of of order, freedom and pros- these communities and to aid EUROPE perity. them in the establishment of permanent religious centers. A British Crisis Disturbs Churches New Bishop for Mexico large percentage of the families who will avail themselves of The financial crisis is disturb- The new suffragan bishop of these opportunities will be mem- ing the work of the churches in Mexico, the Right Rev. Efrain bers of the evangelical churches. many ways, some of them quite Salinas, on Sunday, October 25, From the very beginning of the unexpected. The Foreign Miswas inducted into office and con- work in Puerto Rico the rural si(')nary Committee of the Wesfirmed his first class, five girls districts have been deeply inter- 1eyan Methodist Church decided from Hooker School. The long ested in the Gospel and the on reductions in the salaries service, all in Spanish, was held strongest influences for the both of the office staff in London in the Church of San Jose de church have come from the and of the missionaries on the Gracia in Mexico City. Bishop country. field. It was said to be quite Salinas has been assigned the impossible to estimate as yet the oversight of all the Mexican mis- Newspaper Evangelism in Brazil effect of the departure from the sions of the Protestant Episco- gold standard upon the income pal Church. Peter G. Baker, superintend- and expenditures of the Mission- ent of Collegio Americano, ary Society, but it was certain Hard Times in Guatemala Bahia City, Brazil, has been a that great fluctuations in ex- leader in bringing the Christian change would be felt, especially There are hard times in Gua- message to the influential classes in China. The hope was extemala as in other places. The in Latin America. For some pressed that the present ecolow price of coffee, the principal time he found it difficult to reach nomic distress would not be export crop of Guatemala, is one or interest them. allowed to dry up the spring of of the principal causes, though liberality at home. there are others, of course. But "Small advertisements," the fact is, there are many with- writes Mr. Baker, "were placed – The Churchman. out employment amI business is in the daily papers announcing worse than at a standstill. that Christian literature would Indian Visit of Christian be sent free to anyone who Friendship In spite of the lack of work would send his name and adand low wages, the congregation dress. Upon receipt of the re- A preliminary meeting was has kept on giving loyally to the quest for literature a package held recently by the Conference Lord's work out of their pov- of tracts was sent, accompanied of British Missionary Societies erty. Four home missionaries by a letter offering the reader in connection with an invitation are sustained each month in the privilege of becoming a which has been sent to the country districts besides the member of a Reading Club with Christian Church in India to large work done at home. Lib- the right to borrow books from send some of its members on a eral contributions are made for the circulating library. Among visit of Christian friendship to the poor and sick, also. Truly, the books listed were the Bible, Great Britain in the autumn of hard times often show up the New Testament, biographies, next year. Emphasis was laid real character of those who have books for Bible study, books of on the fact that the purpose of professed Christ. sermons or articles on religious the visit of four or five Indian subjects, and stories which teach Christians, under the leadership, -Presbyterian Mission. great moral truths or point to it is expected, of Dr. Azariah, Christ. A club member could Bishop of Dornakal, was that Evangelism and Puerto Rican keep a book for one month and these members of one of the Farmers then return it at his own ex- younger Christian Churches in pense. When a club member had the East, should share with the Eight hundred and fifty farms read four or five books and rank and file of the churches in have been assigned during the shown interest a letter was sent England their own Christian exlast year to small owners and to him asking if he desired to perience, and thus stimulate the two hundred and thirty homes accept Christ and prepare him- spiritual life in Great Britain. to laborers. The government self for membership in the evanhas also contracted for 10,208 gelical church. A decision card The traveling expenses of the acres of land that will be actual- accompanied the letter, which visitors is being raised by the ly purchased as soon as money he could sign and return." Indian Christian churches themis available. The project calls selves. The imagination of these for the division of this estate churches has been extraordiinto 2,176 small farms. narily stirred by the scheme.

OUR WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK

Spain's New Charter speaking people from Poland, United States where they have Ukrainia and the Border States acquired money, education, and The Constitutional Cortes of there are approximately one mil- have been converted to Protest- Republican Spain adopted its lion of these people in France. antism. It is estimated that new Constitution on December Twelve Protestant missionaries there are now 200,000 evanfirst. It is a unique document have regular Russian meetings gelicals in a total population of designed to transform a feudai in fifteen centres. The majority 43,000,000. monarchy into a progressive of the refugees belong to the modern state. educated upper classes. An Twice in six months the Pope evangelical church has been es- has protested that "the Lateran The document includes equal tablished with about 100 mem- Treaty and Concordat are being suffrage for men and women bers and the work is growing. infringed by non-Catholic and over twenty-three, equality of Last year the missionaries made anti-Catholic proselytizing in both sexes, a single-chambered Italy and especially in Rome." Parliament, property laws mak- about 850 visits outside their He further complains that Proing possible the nationalization centres and distributed some testant proselytizing has not of property and essential indus- 100,000 Russian Gospels and ceased since 1870, but grows tries, divorce by mutual consent, tracts and over 1,700 Russian greater, "with offence to the and the equality of legitimate Bibles and New Testaments divine founder of the Catholic and illegitimate children. were sold or given away. Church and harmful effect upon men's souls." The Constitution disestab- Dr. George Hunter of Long lishes the Catholic Church as the Beach, California, writes of his -Alliance Weekly. state religion and declares Spain visits to the Russian refugees in to be a "secular" state. Paris: "In the large congrega- A City "Without God"

The Cortes not only voted to tion of Russians at the mission Unable to destroy religion and terminate the age-old union of hall of Rev. George Urban were the Christian Church effectively church and state but to cease Russian officers' wives, and for- where it has once flourished, the paying priests from public mer generals' widows, and my "'Society of the Godless," with funds, to take ov,er control of most attentive listener seemed to the official backing of Soviet education, to expel any religious be the Bishop of the Russian authorities, will build in Russia, orders which did not comply Orthodox Church." in the vicinity of Nischni-Novwith certain regulations-this gorod, an entirely new city for clause was aimed at the Jesuits George Urban, the superin- about 30,000 laborers in which -and to seize church property tendent of the Russian Gospel there is to be no trace of reliunder certain circumstances. Movement, has visited the Rus- gious life. The city is to consist The Vatican protested against sians in Marseilles, the French of forty immense communal these articles, but took no Riviera, Lyon and Savoie, and houses, according to the Posener further action, announcing that found a number of earnest Z eitungsdienst, equipped with it would wait and see how the seekers, including a baroness club rooms, lecture halls, motion articles were enforced before with her nephew. pictures, gymnasiums, libraries undertaking to exert any greater and dining rooms. On each floor pressure on the new republic. Professor John Neprash, a there is to be an information A few clerics as individuals at- well known Russian evangelical table for answering questions tempted to stir up the people leader, the representative in about the non-religious life. Two against these articles but they America of the All-Russian Bap- periodicals, The Godless and The were expelled or jailed. tist Union, recently conducted a Godless at the Work Bench, are fruitful twelve days campaign to be distributed freely. In the The Cortes also antagonized in the Russian Gospel hall at meeting rooms a member of the the church by providing for di- "Salle Pleyel," in Paris. Society of the Godless is to be in vorce and taking jurisdiction attendance at all times for antiover martial affairs out of the Protestant Status in Italy religious consultation. Anti-relihands of ecclesiastical courts. gious lectures and classes are to A summary of Protestantism be presented every fifth day. Another clause provides for in Italy shows that the Waldenseizure of the great estates to be sians have 150 parishes and sta- AFRICA divided among the peasants. tions. English Anglicans and Church dignitaries criticized Presbyterians have churches In a Moslem Stronghold this article as bearing especially wherever there may be a British heavily on the church. colony. German Lutherans and Dr. R. H. Bland, working in French Calvinists also have es- Omdurman for the Church Mis- Gospel for Russians in France tablished churches. The Bap- sionary Society, says that years tists, Methodist Episcopal, and of modern education seem to The Russian Gospel Move- Wesleyan Methodist have serv- have brought to the Sudanese ment, an independent "Faith ices in Italian, the pastors but little realization of his duty Mission," works among the hun- mostly Italian. Many of th·e to his neighbor. The "man of dreds of thousands of Russian Protestant churches in Southern means" who hires a taxi to drive refugees in France and Belgium. Italy have been established by Together with other Russian- emigrants returning from the

to the mission hospital still shuts their 75,000 children and in gen- and he was conducted to the up his daughters at the age of eral upon this manifestation of sanatorium by another of the eight or nine to marry them, at the gesta Dei per Francos. A sheikhs of the Mosque of llaska a price, a few years later to hus- little book on "The Creative at Jerusalem in a miserable state bands they know nothing of and Work of French Protestant Mis- of health. After ten months'

have never seen. The govern- sions in South Africa" has been stay he is already in excellent ment clerk who wears a neat written by the French Consul- condition and will once more white shirt and European shoes, General in London, M. Goirand, take up his post in the Mosque probably living in a brick house who was formerly French Con- of Omar.

with electric light and telephone, sul at Johannesburg, where he Sheikh 11 Ansary and the still provides only a little mud came in contact with the French Chief Sheikh of the Mosque and room at the back for his women- missionaries among the Basuto. the key keeper of the Church of folk. Workers in hospitals and Catholic by birth, M. Goirand the Holy Sepulchre recently vis- schools are trying to show the was entirely unaware of Prot- ited the sanatorium.

Sudanese the Gospel of love estant mission work until he Another interesting case is through Jesus Christ. At this came upon these missions in that of 'Sheikh Ali, the son of mission hospital in Omdurman South Africa. He was so amazed Sheikh Mirza, the most famous some 3,500 patients are treated at what he saw that he obtained and m 0 s t important Shiite every month. authorization from the Ministry sheikh in the world. He came Revival in East Africa of Foreign Affairs to pay this from Persia accompanied by two other great ones and was led to A revival broke out recently public tribute to a work little Dr. Nucho's house by Sheikh among the native Christian known to the French people in Abd-ul-Hussein, who is in turn groups in Portuguese East Afri- general. Recently a Roman Cath- the leading 'Shiite sheikh in ca, led entirely by native speak- olic, Fellow of the University of Syria. France, on a traveling scholarers but watched by the missionaries with earnest interest. Miss ship in Asia and Africa, paid his All the Shiites in the world Craig of the American Board tribute to this mission in the will be grateful to the Presbytetells of two boys starting off on form of a lecture on Protestant rian Mission for the existence of missions among the Basuto, de- the Hamlin Memorial Sanatoan evangelistic trip through livered before the Association of rium when Sheikh Ali leaves in wild country, with buffalo and French Geographers. leopards abounding, speaking perfect health by next summer with the people they meet on the -South African Outlook. and returns to his father Sheikh Mirza in the land of Persia. way or in the kraals. At the end WESTERN ASIA -Dr. N. Nucho. of the month these lads had Freedom in Turkey Turning to Christ in Persia talked with 1,338 people, and at least thirty-five declared they A good many despotic rulers A young Persian who was would turn from their sins and at one time and another have about to leave his home in Ham- sensed a relationship between adan to labor in the oil fields of follow Christ. "Fifty new members also Christianity and the itch for po- the south, told a Presbyterian joined the Church at a great litical liberty. Even the modern missionary he had not yet made service in Angola," writes Miss Turk seems to have discovered up his mind whether to remain Florence Malcolm of the Ameri- the same truth. L. Levonian a Moslem or become a Christian. can Board. "The week previous, writes: "In a book recently The missionary suggested that the villagers came from all di- translated and published in he take with him a Koran and a rections carrying their goods on Istanbul by an eminent Turk- Gospel, read a little of each their heads – a sleeping mat, a ish writer I saw these lines: every day and pray God to guide basket of meal and cooking uten- 'Nations following the laws of him to the truth. Not long after, sils. Sunday afternoon the cor- Brahma, Buddha and Moham- the Persian wrote from the oil nerstone of the new hospital was med have learned nothing but fields that he had found the laid, and Dr. Cushman and her despotism. Modern liberty is the truth and wanted to be baptized. assistants will soon have an ade- fruit lot the Gospel.' Think of a There is an increasing demand quate building and equipment to Moslem translating and publish- for the services of nurses who have studied at the Nurses' carryon their splendid work." ing these things !" Training School at Tabriz. The French Missions Honored Famous Shiekhs at a Mission school is a mission institution The Academie Francaise has Sheikh Yusuf, of the Sunni and prepares nurses for both awarded to the Society of Evan- Moslem sect, came to the Hamlin private work and for other mis- gelical Missions the Prix de . Mission Hospital in Syria from sion hospitals.

Vertu and a gift of ten thousand the most famous and most holy Fiske Seminary for Girls at francs. M. Barthou, in making place in the Moslem world next Rezaieh reports that for the first the award, dwelt on the devotion to Mecca itself. Being a sheikh time in the history of the school of the missionaries, the martyr- did not save him from becoming more Moslem students than doms, the 1,300 schools with a victim of the "white plague," Christians enrolled.

OUR WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK

INDIA, BURMA AND CEYLON have identified themselves with the suggestion that Dr. Kagawa the masses in the national strug- shoul~ be invited to come to India for Christian Minorities gle for independence. At the a serIes of evangelistic meetings· the same time non-Christians realize splendid ex;ample of Burma and, a:bove The Christians in India form the peculiar position in which a~l, t~e :VIdespread feeling that the one of the minority communi- Indian Christians are placed in tIme IS rIpe for a united endeavor to ties. Five million are not very their relationship to foreign mis- carry the evangel with all the weight many alongside of three hun- sions, and they recognize that of the Christian resources of the dred and fifty million, but the the vast majority of them are Council to the mind and heart of engaged in nation-building ac- Indi:,. The Committee was one in retwo large communities in India tivities. The time is now come solvmg that elaborate organization have acknowledged the right of for making it clear to the coun- should be avoided and that reliance the Christians in India to both try and to the Indian Christians from first to last must be upon God. speak and be heard. ~uch has themselves what the rightful A~o~g the beaten track of prayer, the been said regarding the safe- place of the Indian followers of mmIstry; o.f th~ word, the living of guards necessary to guarantee Jesus Christ should be in the the ChrIstIan hfe, the expression of to the various minorities the en- new India that is in the making. th~ C?ristian spirit, the fearless apjoyment of their ordinary rights The lead of the National Chris- pl!cat~on of the Christian epic, the under a national government. tian Council in this matter will wIdenmg range of fellowship and the VVe have never considered such be very opportune. adventure of faith, the steps of the safeguards necessary. VVhatever Son of God are most likely to be may be said for or against safe- -Po O. Philip. found and the authentic voice of His guarding financial interest or in- Spirit most clearly heard. . . . ternational relationships, we feel Shall Christianity Be . The first step should be to seek the that no service can be rendered Nationalized? mterest and cooperation of all the India by attempting, in a writ- Christian forces. The whole line must ten constitution, to safeguard Mr. Jamaluddin, principal of advance. To this end the help of the rights of any group within the Boys' High School in Jullun- church and mission councils, Christian India itself. VVe believe the pro- dur, a station manned entirely colleg~s, 9hristian journals, laymen's nouncement of many Christian by Indians, voices the plea that orgamzatIOns and mterdenominationbodies on this subject as not de- India needs not a westernized al societies should be invited. siring any specific safeguards, is Christ: a favorable omen. VVhen all is The movement must reach all secsaid and done, conditions in the "As the Gospel was first tions of the community. It is there- India of the future must rest preached in the Orient by VVest- fore imperative that an endeavor be with the citizens of this land, ern missionaries, it was perhaps made not only to preach the Christian and we believe further that the inevitable that Christ should message but to bring its principles to legitimate rights and interests come first in VVestern dress, es- bear on rural, industrial, social and of any minority will be perfectly pecially since Indian pantheism, other problems. . . . secure in the keeping of the ma- Indian formalism and Indian jority groups. idolatry could not easily be util- The place of prayer must be funda- ized for Christian thought or mental. . . . The movement calls -The Indian Witness. Christian worship. Paul and for a deepening of spiritual life. It other leaders of the New Testa- is therefore urged that retreats and ,Religious Liberty ment indicate that Christianity, conferences, particularly in the inter- which is a universal religion, ests of pastors, should be held wher- In view of the important issues will adapt itself to special na- ever possible. raised about the right of foreign tional characteristics in every missionaries to carryon their nation without setting up a sep- The fullest possible use should be activities, it is gratifying to arate national form in any." made of Christian literature. learn that the National Christian Council of India has appointed A Call to Evangelism The Committee calls upon its brethan influential committee to study ren everywhere to take up the minthe whole subject of religious The National Christian Coun- istryof intercession. liberty. This committee has been cil Review for June, 1931, recharged with the responsibility ports a deepening interest in the Indians Sending Out of preparing a statement mak- all-important matter of evangel- Missionaries ing clear what the place of the ism. At its meeting in April the Christian Church is in the life of subject had a central place.. The Secretary of the Internathe community and the service it tional ~issionary Council has is called upon to render in the Some of the relevant considerations India of today. There has been were: the resolution of the Central written to inquire if the Naa tendency among Indian Chris- Conference of the Methodist Episcopal tians to consider themselves as a Church inviting the Council to inau- tional Missionary Society of'Inspecial community like the Mos- gurate a forward movement in evangelems and to demand special priv- lism and pledging cooperation; the dia would cooperate in a scheme ileges and safeguards. Very few Kingdom of God Movement in Japan and the similar movement in China; of missionary work for Indian settlers in Kenya and Uganda in East Africa. A doctor full of evangelistic zeal has already of- fered her full-time service to help these Indians. She is very anxious that alongside of her ministrations there should be established work by two Indian Christian missionaries in the places mentioned above. A group of friends deeply interested in this proposal are prepared to find £300 per year to help Indian

missionaries to go and work of the Brethren, and the Society cause it is necessary to present a there. Financially the Society of Friends. united front in non-Christian counmay not be able to subsidize this tries. undertaking, but the scheme ap- It was agreed that negotiapeals to us very much, as the t ion s for a comprehensive "Burma for Christ" Movement time has come for the Christians church union in Northern India of India to go out to other lands should proceed. In church polity The Burma Christian Council and share with them that have there should be congregational through its Evangelistic Comnot the "unsearchable riches of liberty in the life and activity of mittee has called the Church to the Gospel of Christ." Our com- the local church; responsibility a vision of God's purpose for mission is, "Go to all the world for government should vest in Burma. The movement, which and preach the Gospel to every synods or representative coun- was reported in our June num- cils, with clerical and lay mem- ber, is not meant to be a spascreature." bers; and there should be super- modic effort, but it calls for a intendents or bishops. Several fresh outlook which, begun in -National Missionary delegates emphasized the neces- penitence and prayer, continued Intelligencer. sity of avoiding the term "his- in faith and perseverance, shall toric episcopate." regenerate in the Church of To Begin Work in India Burma that spirit which thrills The conference thought that a through the pages of the Acts of The General Convention of the South India scheme in its pres- the Apostles. Protestant Episcopal Church at ent form was not quite adequate its recent meeting responded to to the needs of North India, but The bulletin of the movement, the call from India to open work desired a conference to consider which was inspired largely by in the 'Singareni area in the the principles to be adopted in the movements in China and Province of Hyderabad. This the formation of a united church Japan, mentions three general area comprises three counties for India. principles on which the movewith a population of about three ment ought to be based: hundred thousand people and is Meantime steps are being taken part of a vast rural area in the in the direction of a smaller 1. The "Burma for Christ" movedominions of the Nizam of Hy- union between the Methodist ment should work in and through the derabad. Bishop Azariah of Episcopal Church, the English Churches, extending to every Chris- Dornakal believes that a sepa- Baptist community, and the tian, and finally reaching the millions rate diocese can be erected in the United Church of Northern beyond. Nizam's dominions within a few India. years. The Singareni area is a 2. The movement is not a pugnaciregion in which both the Church Union in South India ous challenge to other religions, but of England and the American seeks to see God's Spirit leading them Methodists have been maintain- Last October there was held in on to fulfilment in Christ. ing mission work. In the interest of comity and consolidation, Vel1ore, South India, the general 3. The movement must be comprethe Methodists have withdrawn. hensive, seeking to touch all races, assembly of the South India working in all areas, employing vari- The Church in the Diocese of eties of method, and aiming at estab- Dornakal has for several years United Church, which is the re- lishing the Kingdom of God in all faced the danger of being over- relationships of life. whelmed by the number of peo- sult of a union between the Conple who have turned to it for gregational, Presbyterian and Stress is laid on the need for the fulfillment of their spiritual other non-episcopal churches of every Christian to catch the hopes and longings. There has South India. The negotiations vision of God's purpose, to be an not· been sufficient staff to pre- for church union, for which agent of that purpose, and to pare properly the many candi- South India has become famous, pray. dates for baptism and confirma- have been going on between this tion. United Church, the Anglican At the annual meeting of the Church and the Wesleyan Meth- Burma Christian Council (July Plans are in progress for se- odist Church. The retiring pres- 28th to 30th) the greater part curing American missionaries ident of the assembly, Mr. J. V. of the time was given to considand funds for the work. Chelliah, in his address said: eration of and planning for the movement. A letter from the North India Church Union It has been pointed out that Lam- secretary says: beth 1930 took a retrograde step and A Round Table Conference on went back on some of the fundamen- During the coming year we recom- Church Union was held at Delhi tal concessions made in 1920. Even mend that the emphasis be placed at which representatives were conceding the truth of this, it does upon deepening the spiritual lives of present from the Anglican not at all affect our position here. the Christians of Burma. There are Church, the United Church of The problem of union is much more signs that the Christian forces of the North India, the Methodist Epis- difficult to solve owing to the in- Province are beginning to focus upon copal and Wesleyan Churches, grained prejudices of centuries. We this task of evangelism. There is a the English Baptists, the Church should not wait till the churches in very general and hearty response…. the west make their adjustments. In the matter of union the initiative lies A Karen is joint secretary. We with the churches in the mission field, hope to see the whole thing more in- partly because there are fewer preju- digenous. We are very much en- dices to contend with, and partly be- couraged, and feel that the founda- tions are being laid strong, wide and deep, and that the response promises much for the future.

OUR WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK

Government Request Mission in North Shansi in capital" of the radical govern- ment and a hotbed of anti-Chris- The Siamese government has which he said: ' tian agitation. asked the Presbyterian Mission to evangelize a certain section in "We Catholics have a greater eastern Siam. In reply the Siamese National Church' sent responsibility in China today A Chinese Pastor's Impressions its first missionary family to that t,erritory. With the evan- than ever before, because you Rev. Tom J ung, pastor of a gelist were two prominent Siamese pastors to help look over the Protestants have neglected your Chinese Presbyterian Church in situation. They camped in an open shed, but for a short time emphasis upon the saving power San Francisco, has visited China only, for the government officials invited them to stay at the Gov- of Jesus Christ, and you are so after more than 30 years conernor's house. The government at Bangkok had sent a telegram busily engaged in good works of tinuous residence in the United to the officials asking them to treat the Siamese missionaries education, social service, medical States. He tells some of his imwith all courtesy. relief and other activities, that pressions in The Missionary CHINA too few of you give full time to Messenger. A Challenging Statement the preaching of the Gospel of "When I arrived at my home Mr. L. M. Outerbridge honorary agricultural secretary of the Jesus." village I found my people all idol China International Famine Relief Commission, tells of a chal- Reject Registration of St. John's worshipers, and exceedingly sulenging statement made to him University by Chow Kwo Hsien, former perstitious. As I watched them Chinese envoy at Ottawa. Dur- The Chinese Nationalist goving eight years in America he ernment has refused to permit I felt as Paul in Athens when had sought the reason which St. John's University and Middle prompted the people of America School, Shanghai, to register he saw the city wholly given to to share Iiber,ally of their men and money with China's with a statement of Christian idolatry. One day I told the peonee.d in ~ducation, hospitals, purpose. After much study of socIal serVIce and famine re- the question of registration ple I wanted to tear down a Joss lief; for sending gifts to a Bishop Grayes of the Protestant land never seen is unknown in Episcopal Church, and the coun- Hou~e and build a library. Chinese history. He was satis- cil of advice had finally agreed fied that in America was a suffi- to the application, provided it Agamst some opposition this ciently large number of people contained the statement of motivated by the spirit of Christ Christian purpose and other was done. In this library I to have created a public mind, safeguards as laid down by the ready to share with others in National Council of the Church. placed the Bible and other Chrisneed. Said he: The application was accordingly sent in, but has now been re- tian literature. Now some of As Christians, you have accomplished jected, both because of this wonders in helping China solve her those Joss worshipers have beproblems, but you have failed to give statement and because the uni- China the dynamic power that enables versity includes a school of come God worshipers. your country to rise to our need. We theology. do not need your money as much as "Another day I called the peowe need this same spirit of Jesus Dr. F. L. Hawkes Pott, presiwhich has made your country great. dent of the university, reports ple together and said to th eymO~ You missionaries lean over backward that although no public an- 'How foolish and ignorant in being willing to hide your Christian Gospel if it is not welcomed, but nouncement was made of the en- are! You spend the money to until through your efforts the thought trance examinations, there were of China shall be permeated by the many applicants, with the result worship idols. Why do you not personality of Jesus, China will not that six hundred and two stube able to accomplish social reforms de,nts enrolled in the college and spend your money to educate for herself. mIddle school, an increase over the preceding year. your children?' Then I opened Mr. Outerbridge also tells of a conversation with the Father a school with 38 pupils. I Superior of a Belgian Catholic wished to show them that idols are useless things.

"The change I found in China was very great. China has im- proved very much, and I believe when the time comes China will become a Christian nation."

Need for Missionaries Two Baptisms in Hankow "The one thing that has struck me so far," writes an Two prominent young men, English missionary recently ar- returned students and now oc- rived in North China, "is the tremendous opportunity for mis- cupying important positions in sionades out here and the ter- Hankow, have recently been rible handicap we suffer through lack of numbers. Another half- baptized as Christians. One of dozen ministers would make all the diffeTence, as the work could these was Mr. Yang Chung then be better co-ordinated and much that is now done by cer- Chen, prominent banker, and tain men, because there is no one else to do it, could be handed the other was Mr. C. K. Hthu~ over to specialists, leaving the commissioner of finance of others free to get on with their Wuhan municipality. Both men own jobs.

sought baptism on their own "The present staff is really splendid and one can have noth- initiative. Less than five years ago Hankow was the "national

ing but admiration for the quiet has been accorded to the relief who is well known throughout way they set about their work, organizations. the empire. Morinaga's chocoften cut off completely from olates, candies and cakes are other foreigners. The Chinese Negotiations are in process to eaten by the children in Japan pastors also seem to be real secure credits or long-term loans and his advertisements flank spiritual men with a very high to meet the costs of colonization, every railway in the Far East. standard." as was done in the case of earlier He was a once a Christian but migrations of Mennonites and retired his faith to make a for- Russian Christian Refugees Lutherans to Canada and Brazil. tune. The recent death of his In the meantime, funds have wife brought Mr. Morinaga to a The evangelical refugees from been sent to the American Con- crisis, and he is now a familiar Russia who are now at Harbin, sul at Harbin so that the im- figure in Tokyo pulpits where he China, awaiting transportation mediate needs of the refugees speaks usually on the theme, to permanent homes in either may be met. "The chief of sinners, 1." He North or South America, con- has just given all his workers a sist of about 700 to 800 Men- JAPAN-CHOSEN copy of the New Testament. nonites, some 400 Lutherans, and smaller numbers of other Christians for Forty Years Japanese Christian Graphic creeds. Many of them have been living at Harbin for eigh- In the City Hall in Osaka, An innovation in Christian teen or nineteen months, sup- Japan, there was a gathering of publications is the newly anported by their denominational all Christians, and those who nounced Japanese Christian relief organizations, but the had been Christians for more Graphic, of which Rev. Michio large sum necessary to bring than forty years were asked to Kozaki, well known Tokyo them to America and give them stand; there were sixty-seven. pastor, is editor-in-chief. Suffia fresh start in life, has not been Sixteen had been Christians for cient printed matter is given to available. To date, the available fifty years or more. One of our explain and arouse interest in funds are not more than $20,000. churchmen was baptized fifty- various presentations of Chris- With $25,000 in hand it would six years ago. Bishop Naide, tianity at work in the world. be possible to charter a steamer the Bishop of Osaka, was bap- The first issue was of 25,000 and get the refugees out of the tized forty-five years ago. copies, 8 pages, and we are told danger zone, and thus give the it is to be monthly at an annual relief agencies time to raise the Protestant Christian Forces subscription rate of 25 cents, rest of the money, $150,000, es- special rates on quantity orders timated needed. Rev. Hiroshi Hatanaka in his for evangelistic purposes. address at the Congregational The agencies now at work meeting in Seattle gave some in- The New Korean are: the International Red teresting statistics concerning Cross, the Nansen Refugee Com- the Protestant Christian forces "Devotion, patience, sanitamission, the Central Bureau for at work in education and in tion, trust and hope are now the Relief of the E van gel i c a I church activities. There are 12 custom of the Koreans in con- Churches of Europe, the Ameri- Christian universities and col- trast to the utter waste of rice can Mennonite Central Relief leges for men; 11 for women; 18 and other products, disease, Committee, the Canadian Men- boys' high schools with 10,124 starvation of the days prior to nonite Relief Committee, the pupils, 36 girls' high schools the coming of the missionary. Lutheran World Convention and with 14,317 students; there are They are noted tithers, devoting the American Friends Service 2,000 teachers in these schools. daily the tenth of the rice for Committee. Christian kindergartens number the average day's meals. This 257 with 12,045 children. practice has installed in the The Chinese aut h 0 r i tie s Korean a desire to save; he is bethreatened to deport the Harbin Among government and other coming thrifty, industrious, law refugees back into Russia unless universities and colleges 144 abiding, and a real help in the measures were taken to get them have student Christian organiza- support of the church." away. Not only are the refugees tions. There are 116 institutions greatly in the way in the already for Christian social welfare -Mrs. Wm. B. Dickson in The much overcrowded city, but they work, and over 200 Christian pe- Presbyterian Advance. are embarrassing China's trade riodicals are published. The relations with the Soviet govern- number of Protestant churches Sowing by the Wayside ment, which looks with disfavor is 1,760; the number of Proteson this harboring of its "crim- tant Christians is 170,303; the Recently I he a r d from a inals" by a friendly power. total contributions for the year Korean pastor the following Through the good offices of the 1929 were Y2,402,100. story. When Rev. George Winn Chinese delegate to the League first came to Chosen he was of Nations, an extension of time -Missionary Herald. located at Fusan. He was going beyond the date originally set alonga high mountain trail when for deportation-October first- A Christian Business Man Christian circles in Japan are thankful for the return of a man

OUR WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK

he came upon an elderly Korean The boy said: "I believe in members to read the Scriptures. man carrying a load of wood. God, Tooan." Among the Moros, where Dr. Mr. Winn being a strong young Frank Laubach has introduced man, offered to carry the load. "Is that all?" asked the officer. a new simple method of learning The man finally yielded to this to read, six thousand of these strange request from this the "Oh, no!" said the boy. "I people have become literate strange foreigner. Mr. Winn believe in Jesus, God's Son, the within the past year. In five carried the load until he reached one who says, 'Come unto me!' years it is hoped to make this the place where the ways parted. I used to believe in Dyak idols entire non-Christian province Here he returned the load to the and spirits. Many offerings of one hundred per cent literate. man, who thanked him for the food we gave to the idols, and This will open the Bible to the help he had given. Mr. Winn often stuffed rice and tobacco in children of Islam. The Daily told him that that was nothing, the dead skulls which used to Vacation Bible School has been taking the opportunity to add hang in our home. But now we extended in at least one province that the man had a much greater all believe in the living God, and to include removing what is perburden of sin which Jesus had we have Bible pictures in our haps the greatest barrier to efcome to bear for him if he would home, and a kitab (a Bible)." fective molding of child life by but let him. The two men converting ignorant parents into parted. Unevangelized Tribes Mission allies, rather than opponents of of Borneo, (1287 Spring St., Christianity. Some years later at a Bible Muskegon, Michigan). class for men, a Korean told this -Philippine Presbyterian. story ending by saying, "I am Surprises in Formosa that man. I accepted Jesus as Tahiti Christians my Saviour, and have always Rev. E. H. Edwards quotes wished to thank the man who from a letter written by an Eng- Most of the Tahitians have reintroduced me to the great Bur- lish Presbyterian missionary in mained loyal to their Protestant den Bearer, but as all foreigners Formosa. teaching, largely owing to their look alike to me I do not know knowledge of the Bible, and skill which of the missionary teachers God is always surprising us with in using it. In the Society here may be that man." Roscoe new signs that He is working. One Islands alone are found 20,000 C. Coen. new thing is to stir us up to make a Protestants, 4,000 of whom are start in carrying the Gospel to the communicants. In the Mar- THE PACIFIC ISLANDS savages of this island. The revolt of quesas Islands there are about 1,500 savages in November of last 1,500 Roman Catholics and 500 Light in Borneo Darkness year, when they massacred over 120 Mormons. In the Paumotu Japanese and others, has made us feel Islands there are perhaps 4,000 At the mission station all is that we must take the Gospel to them Roman Catholics and 1,500 Morquiet except at the boys' hut and without further delay. We have writ- mons. the millions of forest insects ten home urging our Society to praising the Lord in the only enable us to begin work at once, and We were taken to see the way they know. Somewhere not they seem determined to do it. fine self-supporting s c h 0 0 I s far off there is a roadside meet- where 300 girls (45 being boarding on the highways and byways Formosa, opposite the Prov- ers) and 250 boys (27 boarders) where the news of salvation ince of Fukien, formed a part of are given a general education in must be brought. After work- the Chinese Empire until 1895, French. A seminary with 9 stuing on the roads and bridges all when it was ceded to Japan. dents is entirely supported by day the Dyaks rest in temporary Christian missions began there the churches. shanties at night. They gladly about 1858. leave their rice pots to gather There are 22 churches and 13 around the evangelist to hear of Teaching Filipinos to Read pastors on the Islands of Tahiti Jesus and his love to them. Now and Moorea alone. Indeed, all we hear the distant sound of The problem of making the the activities of the mission, heathen worship penetrating Philippines measurably literate whether in church, school or the air. Somewhere is a sick has been the subject of much press, are self-supporting and one, a native priest bending over concern by educational and po- are willingly sustained by the the suffering one with charms, litical leaders. In spite of the Tahitian Christians. We cannot dancing and offering gifts and excellent public school system but admire the sterling charcalling to the evil spirits to have and the good intentions of gov- acter and perseverance of those mercy, to leave the body of the ernment leaders, approximately descendants of the Hugenots, suffering one. fifty per cent of.the population who carryon so well the fine remains illiterate, and the same work whose foundations were Not so long ago a district of- proportion of the children of laid broad and deep by the ficer of West Borneo, who is a school age have no school privi- L. M. S. believer, asked a mission boy: leges. The great need is for an incentive both to learn and to Alexander M. Allan, of "Little Dyak boy, what do you teach. This phase of the mis- Bogota, Colombia. believe?" sionary problem requires the co- operation of native workers. The strength of the Church de- pends upon the ability of its

Interesting Movements In Japan QUOTED FROM THE Japan Christian Quarterly The Crisis Before the Church turned the world upside down." Religious Freedom and Shrines One of the disturbing features If the Christian church were to When Shinto was declared to of the present situation is that stand fearlessly in deed as well be non-religious, there were Japan is looking to Christianity as word for love as the basic many who realized that tradifor a lead and such a lead is not principle of society, she need not tions are not so easily abolished forthcoming. The failure of the worry about her influence on by government decree; but they much heralded anti-religious public opinion. It is in this fact hoped that in process of time movement is evidence that the more than anything else that the and by a gradual purging of its nation as such is not disposed secret of Dr. Kagawa's influence religious elements the day would towards a material basis for so- with the masses lies. come when every loyal Japanese ciety, despite the advance of The second reason for the could become a State Shintoist, Communism. Why then is Com- progress of Communism is that whatever his religious faith. munism making such rapid it has never hesitated to demand But old traditions are carried on progress while the Christian sacrifices of its followers. All to new shrines. Church is almost standing still? along it has had to fight for its One of these State Shrines, Last year, the first year of the existence. The result is that the which ministers to a large area men in the universities and the Kingdom of God Movement, the labor world, who have been cap- not far from Tokyo,· is of pre- Protestant churches increased tured by it are not the "duds," fectural rank. In front of the but the best. Many of them are priests' offices were rows of by under 8,000 while the popu- boxes containing charms of lation grew by over 800,000. There are two main reasons. of the stuff of which heroes are every description, for warding In the first place Communism made; they have faced torture off disease, for protection from has before it definite ideals for and martyrdom for their cause. fire and mad dogs, for help in the uplift of society. It is here On the other hand, now that child-birth, for success in busithat the Christian churches as Christianity enjoys on the whole ness, even for driving away such are still relatively weak. the good-will of the authorities rats! In the background was a We need a world view of life, a and the Church itself is estab- pile of boxes ready to be re- Christianity formulated and lished, it is tending to get more turned by post, each with its lived for the world of today. comfortable, certainly in the charm inside renewed by a re- In the fight against certain so- bigger cities. As a result of the ligious ceremony for another cial evils, Christians have taken desire for financial independ- year. Pilgrims presented their the lead, but in enunciating posi- ence, it is composed largely of charm for renewal and paid tive principles for the recon- members of the bourgeoisie, in- their fee. The priest made a stead of being the church of all. note of their names and then struction of society, as the In general it pays its pastors a made his way to the main shrine Soviets have done, we have piteously low stipend, but it is to offer his prayers on their belagged behind. Christ's message demanding finer buildings; it is half. As he drew near he beat of the Kingdom is not given the increasingly particular about a big drum to warn the spirits of emphasis today that He gave it. the quality of the music and the his approach. Then kneeling Lord Shaftsbury "never thought training if not the message of down before the emblems of that the rich had fulfilled their its clergy. There is less of the .their presence, he recited rapidduty to the poor when they had given them a cheap copy of the heroic in its appeal. ly a list of names, punctuated by Bible and a few improving Peace has its perils no less deep in-drawn breaths and bows.

tracts. He set to work to try than war; where there is no op- Then came another beating of a and put destitute men and wo- position a church tends to get small drum at his side and the men on their feet." soft and to pay too much atten- rapid recitation of a Shinto It may be argued that the tion to secondary things. The prayer; more beating of the smallness of the church prevents emphasis is on self-preservation, drums, more bows, and the cere- it having the influence on public a thing which is essentially un- mony was over. The pilgrims opinion that it should. The Com- Christian. We do well to take returned with their charm made munist Movement in Japan to heart the words of Mr. effective for another year.

started from a very small begin- Stanley Baldwin: "the Church Primitive this may be, but it is ning; Lord Shaftsbury had to is much more likely to fail in religious nevertheless both in in- fight much of his battle single- the long run because it demands tention and in form.

handed; it was a very small too little of its members than The Christian forces cannot body of whom the complaint because it demands too much of regard such things with indiffer- was made that they "have human nature." ence.

'~I==================="""""",,"I~

Our Missionary Bookshelf Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~=I====================~~ Russia in the Grip of Bolshevism. By activity and numbers, the blows governing their daily lives." J.ohn Johnson. 12 mo. 160 pp. $1.50. of late have fallen on them un- The low economic state result- Revell. New York. 1931. sparingly, some aimed at them ing from the enormous taxation specifically. Their leaders "are of their productive powers is Here is a direct, simple, al- deprived of citizenship, the right perhaps the least of the adversimost naive narrative of a to vote, the right to have cards ties. The atmosphere is thick journey into the domain of Com- for bread and other commodi- with dreads and betrayals. If munism made in 1930 by John ties; they are despised, mocked, this is true for the rulers, what Johnson, Secretary of the All- persecuted in every conceivable of the suspected, the feared and Russian Evangelical Union. His way, exiled. Their wives and the hunted? undertaking was in the nature children suffer indignities day of a religious inquiry and mis- and night." Even the apostles of communism sion. The objective was ob- themselves suffer, although they may tained to the extent of having An optimistic view is taken neither realize nor admit what is a twenty-eight days within the of the ultimate outcome of the proven, self-evident fact. These lead- Soviet Union and employing the war on religion. The author de- ers of socialistic idealism live in a time assiduously with individual clares that only a small minority constant atmosphere of suspicion and and group contacts that afforded of believers have given way un- fear. There is, for example, the fear real insight into certain areas of der the pressures. The others of being overthrown; the fear of collife, limited by the authorities are prospering spiritually. The lapse of the five-year program; the who restricted his movements to personal experiences of the fear, based on tangible proof, that all Leningrad and Moscow, apart writer changed his opinion as to the rest of the world is against them. from the route from and back to the extent of the atheist achieve- These and other contributory factors, the Polish border. ments. He concludes "that not- render the lives of the Soviet leaders withstanding the atheistic mock- one long torment of dread and suspi- The chief and very consider- ery, threats, and persecution cion. able value of the account is its leveled against them, ninety-five contribution of authentic infor- per cent of the Russian people At the other pole of suffering mation concerning the fortunes are still deeply religious, still are the Lishentzi or "Deprived," of that growing body of evan- believe in God, while millions of to whose plight a chapter is degelical Christians with whom them continue to accept and con- voted. the author is in fellowship. In fess Jesus Christ as Master and this field of observation he is Lord." The interesting com- The defects of the book are in most at home and was positioned ment is added that the accom- the spots where the author gets to receive people's confidences, plishments of atheism in Russia away from the fields of personal something rare there as it is are compulsory and not an ex- observation. Twice there is refnecessary. pression of the will of the peo- erence to Soviet law against the ple. A strong appeal is lodged attendance on religious meetings The book presents the in- for sympathy, prayers and mate- of persons under eighteen years dubitable facts of the wide bitter rial help toward Russian Chris- of age. Such attendance is not oppressions, reprisals and per- tians on the part of those out- illegal unless the meeting has secutions directed against all side. the character of a school of re- Christian communions and J ew- ligious instruction. The penalish and Moslem religions alike. The most poignant portrayal ties that are visited on the young There is a chapter on the re- in the book is that on "Strug- for engaging in religious worligious laws of the Soviet. These gling and 'Suffering Russia." It ship and activities are visited alone reveal the effort to com- outside the law by economic, sopletely hedge in the programs is an open window looking in on cial and educational discriminaand practices by which religions tions. Two other errors of fact the subtler but more painful as- appear in the pages that treat live. of the Russian Orthodox Church. pects of "class war" in a human It is not true that "For long cen- At the onset of the anti-re- turies the people of Russia were ligious forces the evangelicals society. The angle of observa- deprived of the privilege of ownwere measurably spared from ing, reading, and studying the attack because regarded of less tion is that of one "who, under- Bible." Neither were the clergy political weight and motivation, on the whole lavishly financed. but with their rapid growth in standing the Russian language The grandeur here alluded to and the Russian people, can enter into the actual conditions [61 ]

did not extend far beyond the lish social justice for the work- final word is "I am ever increashierarchy, while thousands of ers. They are making many mis- ingly persuaded that, whether in the village priests were notori- takes for which they will suffer, sickness or in health, life or ously ill kept. Also no place is but experience will teach them death, we may trust our Heavenleft for the multitude of Ortho- many lessons. It is to be hoped ly Father." This volume is one dox Christian lives in the sweep- that other countries and those of the best on the subject from .ing statement "The Russian peo- who do not believe in Commun- a Christian point of view. ple, together with their rulers ism will also learn lessons from and priesthood, walked the path- Russia's experiment. Mr. Lipp- Youth in a Believing World. Pupils' ways of wickedness and destruc- hard's clear and interesting re- Edition. By John Clark Archer. 8 vo. 166 pp. $1.00. Suggestions to tion." Obviously the misrepre- port helps us to understand the Leaders, 25 cents. Westminster sentations have not arisen from situation and to appraise the Press. Philadelphia. 1931.

malice for elsewhere respect for strength and weaknesses in the These studies in living relig- Orthodox Christians is shown experiment. ions are prepared as a senior and real concern for them under elective by a Christian professor the hardships that the present The Leadership of the Constructive at Yale University. After an inregime imposes, and heartily en- Forces of the World. By John R. troductory chapter on the nature couraging is the testimony borne Mott. 8 vo. 30 pp. Oxford Uni- and origin of religion, Professor to increasing good will between versity Press. London. 1931. Archer takes up in succession the Protestant and the old Ani m ism, Confucianism (not Leadership is the most impor- tant and vital factor in solving Church congregations in the the problems of the world. Given strictly a religion), Hinduism, communities visited. the right leaders, then money, Buddhism, Islam and Christian- programs and policies are com- ity. The treatment of these non- ETHAN T. COLTON. paratively simple problems. Dr. Christian religions is interesting Mott is a leader and has had and shows their best side, but in Communing with Communism. By wide experience in selecting and many cases the author neglects William B. Lipphard. Illus. 12 mo. judging leaders for worthwhile to point out the weaknesses and 153 pp. $1.59. Judson Press. Phila- tasks. In this lecture, delivered failures 0 f s u c h religions as delphia. 1931. at the University of St. Andrew, Buddhism, Islam and Hinduism. he sounds the call for wise and The treatment of Christianity is Views of Russia are kaleido- devoted leaders in the present dogmatic in its statements rather scopic. Reports of travelers and crisis; he describes the needed than attempting to give clear correspondents vary from whole- qualities of leadership; he tells sale condemnation to general how leaders may be developed, evidence for faith in Christ and commendation. Mr. Lipphard, a and, above all, he exalts Christ His teachings. To i n qui r i n g secretary of the American Bap- as the great Leader and Teacher minds the studies seem to raise tist Foreign Mission Society, vis- whom all should follow who seek more questions than they anited Soviet Russia in 1930 and abiding victory. swer. In the hands of a wise here records his honest impres- Christian teacher they will be sions. He endeavors to be un- Miraculous Healing. By Henry W. prejudiced, fair and candid; and effective. we believe that he succeeds bet- ter than many who have written Frost. 12 mo. 174 pp. $1.50. Wheat Magic. Aldo O. Dexter, Adah on the subject. The book is a Richard R. Smith. New York. 1931. L. Kieffer and Margueritte H. Bro.

readable, illuminating report. Christians differ widely in 12 mo. 138 pp. $1.00 cloth, 75 cents paper. Friendship Press. New Russia is a land of paradoxes. their belief in present-day "mi- York. 1931. The government allows her own raculous healing." There are people to starve while millions those who accept the fact of such These very well told stories, of bushels of wheat are shipped healing in apostolic days, but with a meaning, are worth read- abroad; the Soviets rebel against believe that modern medical sci- ing and will prove especially in- bourgeois autocracy while they ence has removed the necessity. teresting to junior boys and establish a dictatorship of the Others believe in "faith healing" girls. They relate to rural life proletariat and practice oppres- to the extent of refusing all med- in many lands-China, Japan, sion that is more despotic than icine; others still deny all heal- Korea, Paraguay, Africa and the rule of the Czar. Russia is ing, past or present, which is not Burma. The second part of the the citadel of Communism and traceable to natural causes. Dr. book suggests practical and at- the aim of the Third Interna- Frost has given us a devout, tractive methods for studying tional is to create disorder in all well-balanced and practical study the rural life and problems of so-called "capitalistic countries." of the subject. He shows the these peopie with the use of the There is a propaganda against teachings of Scripture and the stories and with suggestions for all religion and the leaders j us- conclusions of sane experience. prayer, Scripture, songs, discus- tify any course that will pro- He believes in Divine healing- sions, hand work and other ac- mote the cause of Communism. both with and without the use of tivities. Teachers 0 f j un i 0 r But Russia is earnestly making ordinary means-but he clearly groups will find this study book a great experiment and is aim- warns against false and foolish informing, stimulating and in- ing at a definite goal-to estab- teachings and practice. The teresting to children. Moreover, it is wholly Christian in tone, in for society. There is no such publishing its findings, and enmethod of approach and pur- deavoring to persuade governpose. Read one story and you "Good News" in any other re- ments to control the traffic. The will read others. report also shows widespread ligion or philosophy. Christ is effort, through pamphlets and How Big Is Your World? By John L. schools, to make known the Lobinger. 8 vo. Leaders' Book. unique, sufficient and supreme. harmful effects of opium smok- 75 pp. 85 cents. Students' Book. ing. 70 pp. 60 cents. Pilgrim Press. Altogether this is an excellent Boston. 1931. New Books book. S. M. Z. These studies or projects are Bells of India. Ethel Cody Higginfor young people of high school The Pilgrim Church: Being some ac- bottom. 172 pp. $1.50. Revell. age. The purpose is to enlarge count of the continuance through New York. 1931. their vision and give them an succeeding centuries of churches understanding interest in other practising the principles taught and Dr. Barnardo-The Friend of Chillands and races. The leaders' exemplified in the New Testament. dren. Wesley Bready. 271 pp. book provides suggestions for By E. H. Broadbent. 406 pp. 7s., Revell. New York. 1931. arousing i n t ere s t, directing 6d. Pickering and Inglis. London. study, and recommends sources 1931. The Clinic of a Clerk. W. A. Camof further reading. The stu- eron. 249 pp. $2. Ray Long and dents' book gives general plans Many books reprinted by these R. Smith. New York. 1931. and recommends activities. Most publishers are worth reading. of the pages present source ma- The sub-title of this volume gives The End of Extraterritoriality in terial. The studies are calculated an idea of its general character. China. Thomas F. Millard. 278 pp. to awaken interest rather than In seventeen chapters the author A. B. C. Press. Shanghai. 1931. lead to any definite convictions. sketches the history, teaching This responsibility rests upon and ,influence of such groups as The Friendly Farmers. Gertrude the group leader. the Paulicians and Bogomils, the Chandler Warner and Elizabeth Waldenses and Albigenses, the Harris. 154 pp. $1 cloth, 75 cents Good News. By C. V. Sheatsley, D.D. Lollards, Hussites and United paper. Friendship Press. New 156 pp. $1. The Book Concern. Brethren, before the Reforma- York. 1931. Columbus, Ohio. 1931. tion. Then follows an account of the Anabaptists, the Huguenots, The Moral Crisis in Christianity. Conservative in its theology, the Pietists of Germany, the Justin Wroe Nixon. 1979 pp. $2. timely in its message, and earn- Methodists, Men non i t e sand Harpers. New York. 1931. est in its spirit, this little volume other sects in Russia. The last is a plea for the spreading of the three chapters, on Mr. Groves, On the Edge of the Primeval Forest. Gospel of Jesus Christ among all the Plymouth Brethren and Dar- Albert Schweitzer. 176 pp. $2. classes at home and abroad. It byism, with "conclusions," are Macmillan. New York. 1931. deals with the Gospel as good not as convincing nor as well news, with its language, its con- documented as the earlier chap- The Progress of Worldwide Missions. tent, and appeals for the release ters. An excellent bibliography Robert H. Glover. 418 pp. Ray of this matchless message by and notes give credit to the Long and R. Smith. New York. messengers released from fear, sources upon which the author from sin and from narrow pro- has drawn. His sympathies are Russia in the Grip of Bolshevism. vincialism. with "The Pi I g rim Church" John Johnson. 160 pp. $1.50. rather than with the Holy Cath- Revell. New York. 1931. The author believes in "the olic Church as defined in the liquidation of denominational- creeds of Christendom. Religion Follows the Frontier-A Hisism." We need not all think tory of the Disciples of Christ. alike, but the essentials of our S.M.Z. Winifred Ernest Garrison. 317 pp. message are not in dispute and $2.50. Harpers. New York. 1931. the world will be convinced by Commission of Enquiry into the Cona united testimony. Overlapping trol of Opium Smoking in the Far The Spirit of Piney Woods. Lawrence and jealousy for a church group East. Vol. II. 595 pp. $1.50. C. Jones. $1. Revell. New York. are sins. The emphasis should World Peace Foundation. Boston. 1931. not be first of all on character- 1931. b u i I din g, but on conversion. Wheat Magic. Aldo O. Dexter, Adah There is no real conflict with This exhaustive report of the L. Kieffer and Margueritte H. Bro. science, for spiritual re-creation production, distribution and con- 138 pp. $1 cloth, 75 cents paper. is a greater mystery than physi- trol of opium reveals the serious- Friendship Press. New York. 1931. ness of the situation in Burma, cal creation, and is in a higher Malaysia, the Philippines, For- Why Christian Missions. J. O. Dobrealm. The Gospel of Christ has m 0 s a and foreign – controlled son, 64 pp. Is. Student Christian dynamic for the individual and China. The extent of the evil is Movement Press. London. 1931. very disturbing and the difficul- ties of control are many; it is Young People's Hymnal-For Use in exceedingly encouraging, how- Sunday Schools, Bible Classes and ever, that the League of Nations the Home. Paper cover, words 3d., is making such a careful study, music 3s. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- don. 1931.

Personal Items has been elected President of Wash- Church. For many years he was mis- ington and Jefferson College, Pennsyl- sionary under the auspices of its Dr. John R. Mott has retired from vania. He is an alumnus of Lafayette Woman's Board of Domestic Missions the general secretaryship of the Inter- College, studied theology at Princeton and conducted services for Japanese. national Committee of the Y. M. C. A., Theological Seminary, is an ordained a post which has given him oversight minister and has experience as an *** of the work in thirty-two foreign educator. The new President will aim countries. Frances S. Harmon, news- at scholarship and mental and moral Dr. Ida Kahn, a pioneer Chinese paper publisher of Hattiesburg, Mis- discipline and spiritual ideals. woman in medicine, died in China, acsissippi, has been asked to accept the cording to cable received November office. Obituary Notes 9th by the Woman's Foreign Mission- ary Society of the Methodist Church. The Rev. Dr.'"Ro'"wla'"nd V. Bingham, The Rev. J. W. Vinson, Southern Presbyterian missionary, met death Sixty years ago a sixth daughter General Director of the Sudan Interior Nov. 4 at the hands of Chinese ban- was born in a Chinese home in Kiang- Mission, has recently returned from dits. Mr. Vinson and 300 others were si Province. The baby's horoscope was Great Britain where he spoke in vari- carried off after looting and firing the evil, and the outlook for her was dark ous centers on behalf of the Mission. town of Yanggaigi. indeed, for under such circumstances infanticide was not uncommon. But The Rev. Tho'"ma's" E*. Stevenson, for The daughter of a Chinese preacher two Methodist women from Kiukiang who escaped in the confusion told mis- school appeared on the scene, and one 12 years pastor at Burbank, Calif., has sionaries at Haichow that bandits of them, Miss Gertrude Howe, adopted accepted a call from the Interdenom- pointed rifles at Mr. Vinson and asked the child as her own. She educated inational Council of Los Angeles to him if he were afraid. "If you shoot her in mission schools and brought become the representative of the me I'll go straight to heaven, so I her to America in 1892 with another churches in the remarkable new city am unafraid," Mr. Vinson replied. A brilliant Chinese girl, Mary Stone. springing up on the desert in Nevada, bandit fired at his heart, and the min- Both girls graduated in medicine with known as Boulder City. Over 2,000 ister fell over dead. Later the body high honors at the University of Michmen are now located at Boulder City, was discovered by missionaries and igan. They returned to China, where with some women and children and buried in a tiny cemetery at Haichow they have amply fulfilled their early more are to follow. It will be a co- in the shadow of a Southern Presby- promise. After working together in operative interdenominational work. terian Mission. the Danforth Hospital in Kiukiang, Dr. Kahn responded to a call to Nan- *** *** chang, where the natives provided a The Rev. George K. Lee, former hospital for women and children, of Presbyterian missionary leader in The Rev. Edward Allen Sibley, one which she became the chief, the only China, has just given up the editor- of the pioneer missionaries of t.he trained physician in that populous ship of the Chinese daily morning Sun Protestant Episcopal Church in the city. There she has continued to work in San Francisco to become pastor of Philippine Islands, was killed in a mo- with increasing success and constantly the Chinese Presbyterian Church at tor accident at Tukukan, Philippine widening influence. She was not only Portland, Oregon. Islands on November 1st. Mr. Sibley a skillful doctor and hospital admin- went to the Philippines in 1908 to istrator, but a woman of broad and *** work in what was then the church's fine culture, Oriental and Occidental, newest and least known mission field. and withal a devoted Christian, never Dr. George W. Richards has been happier than in bearing testimonv to elected chairman of the Executive *** her Christian experience. Miss Howe Committee of the Federal Council. He spent her last years in the home of is also secretary of the Interdenom- Rev. Whitford L. McDowell, Re- Ida Kahn, the babe whom she had inational Conference of Theological search Secretary of the Board of rescued. Seminaries in United States and Home Missions and Church Extension Canada. of the Methodist Episcopal Church *** passed away on October 20th. He had *** been connected with the Board for fif- The Rev. Dr. William Martin Baird, Mrs. Ralph B. Kennard has accepted teen years. who has recently completed forty the chairmanship of the Women's years service as a Presbyterian mis- Council of the Federation of Churches *** sionary in Korea, died in Pyengyang Committee to undertake some special on November 29th. Dr. Baird was work in behalf of the foreign students The Rev. E. A. Ohori, a Christian born near Charlestown, Ind., 69 years in Washington, of which there are Japanese, who had been engaged in ago, was graduated from Hanover several hundred. missionary work in New York for the College, Ind., in 1885, and from Mc- Reformed Church in America since Cormick Theological Seminary in 1888. *** 1908, died on Nov. 9th. He was engaged in literary work and Prof. Ralph C. Hutchinson, a Pres- Bible translation and revision, as well byterian missionary, and Dean of the He came to the United States about as church activities. American College at Teheran, Persia, 1900, was graduated from the Theo- logical Seminary, New Brunswick, N. J., and was ordained in the Reformed THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD EDITORIAL COUNCIL REPRESENTS Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign Missions Foreign Missions Conference of North America Council of Women for Home Missions Missionary Education Movement The Student Volunteer Movement Home Missions Council Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America Various Denominational and Independent Boards MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON REV. WM. R. KING, D.D. MRS. E. H. SILVERTHORN REV. A. R. BARTHOLOMEW, D.D. REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D.D. REV.F.C.STEPHENSON,M.D.

REV. ENOCH F. BELL, D.D. MRS. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY REV. JAY S. STOWELL FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY REV. MILLS J. TAYLOR, D.D.

REV. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, D.D. REV. WM. P. SCHELL, D.D. FLORENCE G. TYLER REV. S. G. INMAN, D.D. REV. CHARLES H. SEARS, D.D. JESSE R. WILSON

Costs No More THE PRESBYTERIAN MAGAZINE The home land is

1505 R.ce Street, Phll.delphl•• P•• land where Christ is; the x…. • • • 01 your II•• ud .on.y 10 ..nd • y•.,. Ple.sf! send foreign land only that Ions silt ….n • caHI one-II.. lilt- which has rejected Him. $1.5.O00c to.' Only One Dollar N.me………………•………… -John R. Mott. Street………………………… . • • • bul ….Iy nothlns you .Ishl buy could City .nd St.tf! ………………….. . AN UNBROKEN brlnl your friend•• who .here your ….. In sood N.me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . RECORD worlh whll. r.edlns. .or. pl…ur.bl. .nd Strf!et………………………… . Pf9lltebl. houn Ih.n ••ndln, City .nd St.tf! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • N.me………………………… . The Presbyterian Magazine Street………………………… . No great American Mission Board City ond Stote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . has ever failed. 10 th.. ONCE A MONTH_praed your No person ever lost a dollar in· X… wl.h 01 heppln_ throush .U th. y••r. SENDER vested in annuities of an American N.me………………………… . Mission Board. Confidential Street . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . Millions of dollars invested in stocks, City .nd St.te . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . bonds and mortgages have been lost. • • • .nd durlns Ih… worrlso… d.ys It …y Why not profit by this bit of history? be your bud,. _lis only so muy doll… o PI e.se send cords. Reinvest your funds in annuity agree· beln. sp.nl on X…. sllts-th.n YOU ••y s.nd ments of the Methodist Mission the Mesuln. EIGHT MONTHS In…ed 01 Boc!rds. tw.ly•• for Annuities are not affected in any way by c!n increase or decrec!se in Only Fifty Cents missionary collections. Ample reserve funds guarantee all Can you Snd • b.H.. buy? payments.

$2 Worth For $11 For Inlor..ellon eddr…. MORRIS W. EHNES. Tre.surer. Bo.rd of THE BIBLE TODAY•• condensed. popul'!!1 pertinent f!v.ngelistic m.g.zlne. published by the N.tion.1 Bible Institute. 340 West 55d1 Street. New York. will be sent to Forei~n Missions of the M.thodist Episco- p.1 Church. 150 Fifth Avenue. N.w York. You .Rd • friend for W. J. ELLIOTT, Tr••sur.r. Bo.rd of Home Missions .nd Church Extension of the ONE YEAR FOR ONE DOLLAR Methodist Eplscopol Church. 1701 Arch (Regul.r subscription price $1.00 • yeor) Str••t. Phil.delphi•• P•.• or Special offer from November 15, 1931, to January is, 1932 START THE NEW YEAR RIGHT DON O. SHELTON. LL.D.• Editor Join thousc!nds of satisfied Somf! of the not.ble .rtlcles esped.lly written for THE BIBLE TODAY to be published during 1931.1932 readers of America's oldest periodical-The Missionary "How 10 Grow. Soul." by the REV. DR. JAMES BLACK. P.stor of Free St. Georges. Edinburgh. Herald. Old in name only "WhSoeftcotRhtele.pnBrdels.beln.toHti•v•e•M• W••.nslhIinnsMt2yn.lDIl. .C". and still reporting Mission by DR. JAMES S. MONTGOMERY. Chapl.in of the Housf! events from the cross-rollds of . the world. The official organ "Th. M.n Who Wenl loSe. Whet H. Could Se…. by MELVIN G. KYLE. president of the Xenl. of the American Board of Theologic.1 Semlnory. Commissioners for Foreign "I".sln. Ih. Blbl…. by AMOS R. WELLS. Honor.ry Editor of the "Chrlstl.n Ende.vor World:' Missions, presenting monthly the work abroad of the And Mor. lhea Forly Oth.r Insplrlns. F.lth·lIr.nalh.nlns M….s.s Congregational and Chrjstian Churches. A Special Combination Offer THE BIBLE TODAy ••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• S1.00 } Bolh 52.75 We invite requests for THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD …………………….. 2.50 Sey.75c sample copies or. your sub· scription at $1.00 per year. Addr… your ord.n 10 .lth.r ollc. THE MISSIONARY HERALD "Th. Bible Tod.y" "Th. Mls.lon.ry R.yl.w ollh. World" 14 Beacon Street 340 West 55th Street. New York. N. Y. 156 Fifth Avenue. New York. N. Y. Boston, Mass.

N.me ……………………………………………………………. .

Address ……………………………… ~ ……………………. .

THE KING'S BUSINESS (Th·:"Sv~·j~:n~·~:~·) WILLIAM P. WHITE, D.O., Editor PASTORSd·EACHERS. CHURCH .L.I Ih. R.ed.n Sp.ek for Th.msely•• wORKER5- "I u.e the H.lps elloa.lh.r In studylns my Sundey Look .t this porti.1 list of contents: School Lenon." Pr.senl.D.y FulSU..enl 01 Prophecy "II Is sound In doclrln••nd Is Sne In Ib .xposltlon World events In the Ilsht 01 Scripture. 01 d••p .plrltuel truth•." Crumbs Irom Ih. Klnl'. T.ble "Ib "'Icl.. on prophecy.,. Insplrlna In Ih••• Rich Bible truths by the editor. troublous lime•." Conlrlbuled Arllcl.s "W. Sad Ihel 'Th. Klns'. Bu.ln…' ….b Ih. By outst.ndin.s..Chrlstl.n le.ders. n••d. 01 the pr•••nl dey. W. cennol do Hem 10 Heerl With Our Youns R.ed.rs without II."

Interestine: stories with a message. "I k••p ell ..y copi•• lor r.ference." 'nlem.tlon.1 L.non Commentary A thorough tre.tment of the S. S. Lessons.

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OUR MISSIONARY THERMOMETER?

""'iii:OOO Ready to go HEAT Helping to send Giving sacriAc:ally Praying faithfully Informed Giving systematically Praying definitely Spasmodic interest Occasional information Giving something Praying formally Indifferent Uninformed Non-c:ooperating Criticizing without knowledge or sympathy Antagonistic: to Christ's Program THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD will help ,alse your spiritual temper.ture to Christ's stand.rd