The Missionary Review of the World — May 1932

1932

THE "Lo Mo" of San Francisco Arthur J. Brown An Intense Probletn in Persia James H. Linton A Moravian Bi–Centennial J. Taylor Hamilton Do Foreign Missions Cost Too Much Cleland B. McAfee In the Reign of King Msidi Mrs. John M. Springer

Items The Rev. Juan E. Gattinoni, Super-

intendent of the Buenos Aires district The Rev. Will'on Carlile, founder of of the Eastern SDuth American Meth- odist Episcopal Church, was recently the Church Army of the Church of elected a bishDp by the Central Con- England, celebrated his eighty·fifth ference of SDuth America in session birthday anniversary on January 14th. at SantiagD, Chile. He will have This Church Army, which he founded episcopal residence in Buenos Aires, sixty years ago, has now a thousand where he was pastDr frDm 1920 to commissioned officers. He gave up his 1930. Bishop Gattinoni was born in business as a prosperous silk mer· Italy and went to Argentina as a chant, and chose poverty that he child. might minister to the needy in the slums of London. For fifty years the (Continued on 3d Cover) Church Army has sought to win men, women and children to Christ. OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMEN:r Fastest *** Statement of the ownership. Dlanagement. etc.. required by the Act of Congress of !Aucrossing The Rev. J. W. C. Dougall has re- gust 24. 1912. of the ~Issionary Review of signed from the principalship of the the World. published monthly at Indianapolis. TOJAPAN Jeanes School in Kenya to serve as Indiana. for April 1. 1932. educational adviser to the missions in AND Kenya and Uganda. Mr. Dougall is State of New York. County of Westchester. 08: taking a year of studies at the Lon- Before me. a notary public, in and for the CHINA don Day Training College and hopes to take up his duties in Kenya in state and county aforesaid. personally ap- Fastest crossing of the Pacific is September. peared Delavan L. Pierson. who. having been by Empress Direct Express route. duly sworn according to law. deposes and says 10 days flat from Vancouver to *** that he is the editor and business manager of Yokohama. the Missionary Review of the World. and that Hastings K. Banda, the son of a the following is. to the best of his knowledge Empress of. Asia and Empress of chief in Nigeria, Africa, received his and belief, a true statement of the ownership. Russia, largest and fastest liners on Ph. B. degree at the recent convoca· management. etc., of the aforesaid publication thisrun,olfer First Class forthe most tion at the University of Chicago. He for the date shown in the above caption. re- fastidious •.. AT NEW LOW FARES. is the first member .of that tribe to quired by the Act of Congress August 24. 1912. become a Christian as well as the first embodied in section 411. Postal Laws and For a crossing with Honolulu to receive any education beyond the Regulations. interlude, book by Empress of sixth grade. His home is in the heart Japan, largest, fastest liner on the of the Livingstone country, where 1. That the names and addresses of the Pacific. Or take luxurious. Empress Scotch Presbyterian missionaries publisher. editor and business manager are: of Canada, her running mate. Sail· work among his people. He plans ings from San Francisco or Los to study medicine and will then re- Publisher–Missionary Review Publishing Angeles connect with them at turn to minister to his own people. Co., Inc., 156 Fifth Avenue. New York. New Honolulu. Enjoy the smart, sump. York. tuous luxury of their First Class. *** On all Empresses, a Tourist Class, Editor and Business Manager-Delavan L. of true Empress standard. Countess Margit Bethlen of Hun- Pierson. 156 Fifth Avenue. New York. New gary was ordained as an elder in the York. All Empress sailings from Van· First Magyar Church of New York couver (trains go direct to ship. recently. Countess Bethlen, who is 2. That the owners and the names and ad- side, baggage checked through to the wife of the former Premier .of dresses of stockholders owning or holding 1 state·room) and Victoria: Hungary, has been .on a lecture tDur per cent or more of total amount of stock are: in this cDuntry fDr several mDnths. Owner: Missionary Review Publishing- Co.• Fastest by Direct Express The Rev. Ladislaus Harsanyi, pastor Inc.. 156 Fifth Avenue. New York: Stock- Empress of Canada .. May 7. July 2 .of the church, asked the questiDns .of holders: Mrs. Wm. Borden. New York: Empress of Russia. May 21,July 16 ordination. Edwin L. Bulkley. Englewood. N. J.: H. N. Dougherty. New York: D. J. Fleming-. New Fastest Via Honolulu *** York; Dr. and Mrs. C. R. Erdman. Princeton. Empress of Japan .• June 5. July 30 N. J.: S. H. Gillespie. Morristown. N. J.; W. Empress of Asia .. June 18, Aug. 13 Canon Anson Phelps Stokes, .of the A. Harbison. New York: W. B. Hill, Pough· Protestant Episcopal Cathedral,Wash- keepsie. N. Y.; Mary L. Howard. Hartford. Reduced round trip fares. ington, D. C., has accepted an invita- Conn.: Manly R. Hubbs. Huntington. L. I.; Information, reservations, from tion of the Carnegie FoundatiDn to Mrs. A. McD. Kortright. Huntington. L. I.; your own agent or Canadian Pacific deliver a course .of lectures in the R. A. Long. Kansas City. Mo.: Walter Mc- offices in New York, Philadelphia, colleges of South Africa. He expects Dougall, Upper Montclair. N. J.; D. L. Pier- Chicago, Montreal and 3 1 other to leave in May and will visit Egypt, son. Upper Montclair. N. J.; E. R. D. Pierson. cities in United States and Canada. Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika, the Upper Montclair. N. J.: James H. Post. New Belgian Congo, and South Africa. York: S. F. Shattuck. Neenah. Wis.,; R. E. CANADIAN Speer. New York; lIrs. J. Livingston Taylor. * '* * Cleveland. Ohio. PACIFIC Dr. Robert R. Moton, Principal of 3. That the known bondholders. mortg-ag"". Tuskegee Institute, has been awarded and other security holders owning or holding the Spingarn Medal. for '1932 by the 1 per cent or more of total amount of bonds. National Association for the Ad- mortgages or other securities are: None. vancement of CDIDred People. The award was made "for his thoughtful 4. That the two paragraphs next above. leadership of conservative .opinion and giving the names of the owners. stockholders. actiDn .on the NegrD in the United and security holders. if any. contain not only States, as shDwn in the U. S. Vet- the list of stockholders and security holders erans' Hospital contrDversy at Tus- as they appear upon the books of the com- kegee; by his stand. on education in pany but also. in cases where the stockhold..r Haiti; by his support .of equal oppor- or security holder appears upon the books of tunity for the Negro in the American the company as trustee or in any other public SChDDI system, and by his ex- fiduciary relation. the name of the person or pressiDn of the best ideals .of the corporation for whom such trustee is acting. NegrD in his book, 'What the Negro is given; also that the said two paragraphs Thinks.' H contain statements embracing affiant's full knowledge and belief as to the circumstances and conditions under which stockholders and security holders who do not appear upon the books of the company as trustees. hold stock and securities in a capacity other than that of a bona fide owner; and this affiant has no reason to believe that any other person; as- sociation. 01" corporation has any interest direct or indirect in the said stock. bon,ds. or other securities than as so stated by him.

DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Editor and Business Manager.

Sworn to and subscribed before me this 28th day of March. 1932.

[SEAL] EDITH ARER. Notary Public.

to Remember THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

May 2-General Conference of the DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, At- lantic City, New Jersey. Vol. LV' M~y, 1932 No.5 May 5-11-Biennial Convention of the Page YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN Asso- FRONTISPIECE-Scenes in the Country of Msidi, Central Africa .. CIATIONS, Minneapolis, Minn. TOP'ICS OF THE TIMES……………………………….. 259 May 15-2I-CHURCH CONFERENCE OF SOCIAL WORK, Philadelphia, Pa. Reports on the Crime Wave A Time for Courage and Sacrifice Meeting Deficits and Making Budgets Facing the Crisis in England May I8-Annual Conference, METH- ODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH, Colum- "LO MO" OF SAN FRANCISCO…………………………. 263 bus, Ohio. By the Rev. Arthur J. Brown, D.D., LL.D., Secretary Emeritus of th"" May I8-20-THE COMMUNITY CHURCH Presbyterjan Board of Foreign Missions WORKERS OF U. S. A., Buffalo, N. Y. AN INTENSE PROBLEM IN PERSIA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 267 May 24-28-A GENERAL SYNODICAL MEETING OF THE REFORMED CHURCH By Bishop James H. Linton, Missionary Bishop of the Church Mis- IN THE U. S., Cleveland, Ohio. sionary Society May 26-General Assembly, PRESBY- A MORAVIAN MISSIONARY BI-CENTENNIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 TERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A., Denver, Colo. By J. Taylor Hamilton, D.D.. Bishop of the Moravian Church May 26-General Assembly, PRESBY- TH~ PRINCETON DECLARATION ON CHURCH AND MISSIONS 274 TERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S., Mon- treat, N. C. DO FOREIGN MISSIONS COST TOO MUCH? …………….. 275 June 2-General Synod of REFORMED By the Rev. Cleland B. McAfee, D.D.. LL.D., Executive Secretary of the CHURCH IN AMERICA, Kingston, Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. N. Y. "NIGHTS WITH GOD" IN AUCKLAND …………………… 277 June 8-15-Annual General Confer- ence, CHURCH OF THE BRETHREN, By the Rev. A. S. Wilson Anderson, Ind. "IN THE REIGN OF KING MSIDI" ………………………. 279 June 14-24-Southwide Conference of the Young Woman's Auxiliary, By Mrs. John M. Springer, a Missionary of the American Methodist Woman's Missionary Union of the Episcopal Church at Jadotville, Central Africa Southern Baptist Convention, Ridgecrest, N. C. MAHATMA GANDHI OR CHRIST IN INDIA ……………….. 284 June 16-20-Annual Convention of the By C. L. Sury, B.A.. LL.B., Lahore, India WOMEN'S GENERAL MISSIONARY SO- CIETY OF THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN THE CHRISTIAN APPROACH TO THE JEWS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 286 CHURCH, Columbus, Ohio. By the Rev. John S. Conning, D.D., Director of Jewish Work, Board of June 20-July 2-INSTITUTE OF INTER- National Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. NATIONAL RELATIONS, NORTHWEST- ERN UNIVERSITY, Evanston, Ill. FENNELL PARISH TURNER-A Friend and Fellow Servant ….. 292 June 20-July I-Conference for Min- By the Rev. J. Lovell Murray, D.D., Director of the Canadian School isters and Religious Workers, and of Missions, Toronto, and formerly Educational Secretary of the one on Church Work in Cities and Student Volunteer Movement Industrial Communities, will meet jointly this year at Union Theolog- MISSIONARY EDUCATION IN THE LOCAL CHURCH ………. 295 ical Seminary, New York City. By the Rev. Norris L. Tibbetts, Pastor and Director of Religious Edu- Mission Suisse-A Correction cation in Hyde Park Baptist Church, Chicago, Ill.

Our attention has been called to an EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING ………………………. 297 error that appeared in our December, 1931, issue (page 9(0) in reference to Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison the change of the "Mission Suisse Romande" to the "Mission Suisse dan WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 301 I'Mrique du Sud." The facts are given as follows by the Rev. D. P. Edited by Annp. Seesholtz and F10rence G. Tyler Lenoir, Secretary, whose address is 2 Cheman des Cedres, Lausanne, OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK …………. . 305 Switzerland: A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events "In 1929 the name of the society was changed, in recognition of the aid OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF ………………………… 317 given to the mission by various friends in the German-speaking Can- Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information tons. It had previously been under the Protestant churches of French- Publication Office 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana speaking Switzerland. The society's fields of labor are in the Transvaal Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City and in Portuguese East Africa. The mission supports 100 missionaries Entered …. second-class matter at Post-Office, Indianapolis, Ind., under Act of and requires half a million Swiss francs for its annual budget. At the March 3, 1879. last annual missionary assembly the subscribers showed their firm resolve 25 cents a cop}'-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year to maintain the work in spite of the present financial difficulties. The Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by tbe Swiss Mission continues in faith to carryon the work God has given her MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., INC. to do." Board of Directors ROBERT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MILTON J. STAUFFER WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President A. L. W ARNSHUIS WALTER MCDOUGALL, Tre….urer MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH

MEMORIAL CHURCH. ELISABETHVILLE. "SWANA"-CHARLES A. SWAN. MISSIONARY

CENTRAL AFRICA MSIDI'S PEOPLE.

Here are crowd'S of Christian Africans entering the Church which is built on the spot where fifty years ago witchcraft and murder were practiced.

MWENDA. MSIDI'S SON. AND HIS HEAD WIFE. BUHI-IN A LUBA WOMAN OF THE PRESENT DAY-NEAR BUNKEY~. FOREIGN DRESS. IN NATIVE DRESS.

SCENES IN THE COUNTRY OF KING MSIDI, CENTRAL AFRICA Rl3VIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER FIVE MAY, 1932 Topics. of the Times REPORTS ON THE CRIME WAVE What are the causes of this unhealthy state of Police reports for New York, and for most of society? Police magistrates and students of social the other large cities of the United States, reveal conditions declare that today these crimes are not a distressing and ominous increase in crime. The generally traceable to the economic depression or number of lawbreakers, their boldness. and the even to a larger use of intoxicants and drugs, proportion of youthful criminals, have all in- but they are due mainly to inadequate moral and creased since the World War. ThE:! police com- religious training. In other words crime, which missioner reports that in spite of all that 20,000 is an infraction of human laws, is due to a lack of policemen can do to protect life and property in a true sense of sin, which is a disregard for God's laws. The great safeguard against crime is char- New York City, murders there have risen 16% acter, and the basis of character is right relationduring the past year. The causes for these kill- ship to God. In proportion as men and women ings are described as due to personal quarrels and disregard God and His laws, they think lightly gangster disputes, to bootlegging and robbing, to of sin and crime increases. When personal de- "love affairs" and family quarrels. The cases of sires lead men to disregard the rights of others, they hesitate to break the laws of society only on assault and robbery have also increased by 23 % the basis of expediency. The cure for crime is the destruction of its root-sin-plantingin its and "holdups" 60 % in one year. Arrests for homicide have multiplied threefcld in 30 years.

The most disturbing feature of this report is, place reverence and love for God and unselfish however, the growth in the number of youthful goodwill for men.

criminals and in the women taking active part in America's weakness today is due to the fact crimes of violence. A few years ago practically that our homes are not sufficiently the center of all those arrested were middle-aged men experi- family life and the place of effective religious enced in crime. Today a very large number are training. The Church is neglected by parents who young men between the ages of seventeen and formerly attended, but now are failing to set a twenty-one, with a liberal sprinkling of young worthy example to their children. Multitudes of women. Of the 477,324 arrests made in New parents are actually afraid to restrain their minor York City last year, 6,327 were children under children in their reading, their amusements, their sixteen, and 136,949 were between sixteen and companions and their habits. They are no longer twenty-five years of age. true representatives of God in the home, for like The report of the New York Society for the David in his dealings with his son Adonijah Suppression of Vice is also disturbing. Last year (I Kings 1 :6), they fear to displease their chil- over five thousand obscene books and many thou- dren by correcting them. The result is disaster.

sands of similar pamphlets and pictures were con- What can be expected when society becomes dis- fiscated and destroyed. The prosecutions and con- eased at its base and when parents and the home fiscations would have been much more numerous no longer exercise a powerful counteracting influ- were it not for the fact that the censorship and ence to the allurements of the world, the flesh, and judgment as to what literature is obscene is much the devil?

less strict than it was twenty years ago. The America needs to return to the God of our type of theatricals and "movies" permitted is also fathers, as He is revealed in Jesus Christ, His reported as increasingly objectionable from a son. Many times judges on the bench have de- moral point of view. Some dance halls and clared that Christian training is the only hope "speakeasies" are naturally the breeding places of of youth, and youth forms the foundation of vice and crime. society.

[259]

MEETING DEFICITS AND MAKING BUDGETS China Inland Mission The "period of economic readjustment" through Income for 1931 shows increase of nearly 10% over 1930. which we are passing has been one of the causes The Mission makes no definite budget but spends accordfor the falling off in gifts to missions from 10 to 35 percent. It is not difficult to see what this ing to ,amount received. means. If a mission board has based its budget No reduction in remittances. Missionary salaries have on $1,000,000 income, is supporting on the field 600 missionaries and helping to maintain 100 been slightly increased to meet drop in silver market. schools and hospitals, then a reduction of the in- New missionaries have been sent out-two hundred in come to $700,000 or $800,000 means that the work the past two years when the "Forward Movement" has or the workers must suffer a severe cut. In most been in progress. cases, the expenses have been kept as low as seems Not anticipating curtailment in missionary program; consistent with efficiency, so that such a cut means seeking to enlarge evangelistic activities. either dismissal of workers, reduction in salaries, the closing of schools and hospitals or reductions Christian and Missionary Alliance all along the line. The latter has been the course followed during the past year in most cases. One Receipts considerably below 1930. society, the China Inland Mission, has, however, No fixed salaries paid; slight reduction made in allowin the last two years, been enabled to send to the field 200 new missionaries without reducing the ances fbr living expenses, pro rata to receipts, after living allowances of its workers. fixed charges ,are met. Native churches are assuming increased responsibility. A letter to the treasurers of the foreign mission Missionary interest at home is promoted by prayer and boards has brought out the following facts as to Bible study, literature and conferences. what adjustments have been made to meet the Hope to send out twenty or more new missionaries this reduced incomes. These statements are not all year. on the same time basis as fiscal years end at different dates. Methodist Episcopal Board of Foreign Missions American Baptist Foreign Mission Society Decrease in income about 18%. Budget is $1,000,000 less than three y;ears ago. Decrease in receipts to date about 13%. Serious reductions in property account and reinforce- All home staff voluntarily accepted 10% reduction and missionary salaries cut 10%. ments. No ,avoidable additions to appropriations. Home base expenses reduced and most of foreign property No reduction in salaries at home or abr.oad. items 11ave been cut from the budget. Voluntary offerings by members of the executive staff. Contemplating a reduced budget for 1932-3. Campaign to secure 100,000 individuals in churches who Board of Missionary Cooperation is promoting "The Main- will support missionaries on basis of $5 a day.

tenance Movement" to stimulate the church. Considering withdrawal from some fields, if slump con- Board hopes to maintain present scale of work. tinues, but opposition to this course is strong.

American Board (Congregational) Methodist Episcopal Church, South Income shows net loss of 15%. Income decreased $260,000 in past year-about 25%. No reductions in budget thus far but expect to reduce Budget reduced $500,000 (generally) since 1930-no new appropriations after September 1st. buildings authorized. Salaries at home and abroad reduced 5% to 10% from Headquarters staff and missionaries have accepted 10% May 1st. cut. Voluntary contributions by missionaries and home staff Plan intensive cultivation of home church with district amount to about 5% up to May 1st. institutes to discuss whole program. Chief reductions in appropriations to work under native Situation will be considered at annual meeting.

churches or missions; also in appointment of new mis- Moravians sionaries and in decrease in present staff. Proportionate cut in home expense and promotion work. Decrease of income from contributions 10%, and from Commission on Missions is sponsoring a "Dollar per Mem- investments about 12%. ber" plan to make up deficit; missionary education and information is promoted. Nicaraguan field budget cut about 25% and other adjust- Prudential Committee faces the difficult problem of budget ments made in the missions. Apparently a further cut readjustment. must be made next year.

American Friends Board of Missions Constant effort to arouse the church.

Anticipated deficit of 30% in budget.. Plan to reduce next Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions (U. S. A.) year's budget 30%. Reduced receipts to date about 13%. Reduction in salaries; missionaries not yet called home. No change in authorized ,appropriations as commitments Drastic cuts in fields where self-support is most possible. Seeking to arouse interest by information and encourage- have already been made for the year. Missions all over the world notified of a reduction of 10% ment through church papers and local meetings. in the expenditures for the first quarter of the year. A similar reduction has been made in home administra- tion in salaries of staff. Efforts made to acquaint church with the situation and the opportunity. Missions asked to report on possible reductions-to be considered later.

Presbyterian Church in the United States (South) Decrease in receipts to date about 19%. Has been a 33% cut on all "work appropriations" for the field, and a 10% cut in official and clerical salaries at home base, missionaries' salaries, children's allowances and union work.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

January was month of special appeal to churches through Situation put before the churches. Called for month of correspondence, church papers, etc. self-denial in March.

Further reduction probable; one-fifth of debt and all cur- Considering readjustment expenses in order to meet rent year deficit must be included in budget for next possible further reduction in receipts. year.

Protestant Episcopal-Domestic and Foreign Missions TIME FOR COURAGE AND SACRIFICE Decrease in income 1931 was 15%. Pledges for 1932 show Evidently most of the mission boards and the decline of 22% from those of 1931 and 13% from re- missionaries on the field face a very serious finan- ceipts of last year. cial situation. The decrease in gifts, and in in- come from investments, has already meant a stop- Appropriations for 1932 reduced $576,654 or over 13%. ping of advance work and a cessation of building Budget still $400,000 short.

Salaries of all officers, employees and missionaries (over 3,000 people) cut 10%. Other cuts in every field of in most fields, the withdrawing or withholding of operation. some missionaries, less help to the nat i v e churches, and less adequate support for the work- Church is called to make special offerings by Whitsunday ers. It may be necessary and advantageous to re- (May 15) to realize additional $400,000 to meet the re- adjust and curtail expenditures in other direc- duced budget requirements and avoid further curtail- ment of missionary program.

Efforts being made to arouse the majority of church tions, at home and abroad, and to put still larger membership not now giving regularly to missions. The National Council calls for emphasis on need for responsibility upon national churches. There are encouragements and blessings, as strengthening practice of stewardship by church mem- bers. well as causes for disquietude, in the situation.

Seventh Day Adventists The effect on the world-wide work may not be Decrease in income this year about 9%. wholly harmful.

Necessary to reduce· appropriations for 1932 as the Mis- While missionary leaders and workers have sion Board does not borrow money to conduct its foreign or home work. been seeking the guidance of God, all are today more than ever looking to Him as the only hope. Salaries of home staff and of missionaries all reduced 10%. Building operations and institutional expansion Missions and mission boards are looking earn- have been checked. estly to discover and correct the mistakes of the Board is seeking to arouse home church and to lay larger past so that they may prove still more faithful responsibility for self-support on the church in the field. stewards. Some missionaries on furlough remain at home. The decrease in material income is leading There will be a general revision of budgets to meet the Christians to appreciate the spiritual values more, emergency.

United Brethren in Christ is showing many things we can do without, and is teaching valuable lessons in sacrifice. Decrease in income l,ast year about 12%. Bequests have been used for current expense funds in While the personal incomes of Christians in place of for building and equipment. Appropriations the home church have decreased from 15% to reduced 15 % in two years; some missionaries on fur- 100%, their contributions to benevolences have lough detained at home. generally decreased only between 10% and 35%. No reduction in salaries, but secretaries, clerical help and missionaries have voluntarily contributed 10% to Loy- There are few, if any, signs of pessimism, dis- alty Gift Fund. couragement or lessening of faith and effort on Aggressive steps taken to ,arouse the church by an Every the part of pastors and others in positions of re- Member Canvass in May. Woman's Department plan- sponsibility. ning a "World Mission Advancement Day" next autumn to raise special fund to return furloughed mis- Cuts in salary and in appropriations have been sionaries. Plans made to cultivate Sunday Schools met cheerfully and often voluntarily offered by more system.atically. those most deeply affected. Some have impover- .

No plans for further curtailment of missionary program. ished themselves to aid the work. No stations abandoned and no work closed. Larger re- The real basis of hope-of certainty-as to sponsibility is placed on national churches. progress and ultimate victory is in the fact that Un'ited Christian Missionary Society (Disciples of Christ) "the battle is not ours but God's." It is His cam- (Foreign mission expenditures are about 50% of total.) paign; His resources are scarcely touched, much Decrease last year in income 7% over previous year and less exhausted; He has not surrendered to the 13% for first eight months of this fiscal year. enemy; He has not become discouraged; He has not withdrawn his commission to spread the news Budget reduced $350,000-about 20% for the past three of life through Christ to all the world. He has years.

All salaries at home reduced (including secretaries, clerks and missionaries). No reduction of foreign missionary not lost faith in His servants.

salaries. There have been many darker days in the past Cuts made in all departments about equally. Mission- -politically, socially and economically; there are many spots on earth today where we find worse aries withdrawn from Tibetan border, and some from conditions than we find in the homes and offices in the Philippines, Japan and Puerto Rico; native churches are assuming larger responsibility.

America where the depression is felt most keenly. is being saved this year, principally by 5% cuts in salaries The sun is shining beyond the clouds. When ex- at home and abroad, the decision to withdraw from any perience and a closer fellowship with God has of the Society's spheres of service abroad has been posttaught us needed lessons Christians will be poned. stronger and wiser, more sacrificial and more effective in fulfilling their responsibilities as repre- The Baptist Missionary Society last October decided sentatives of Christ on earth. upon a reduction of expenditure of £17,000, and the For- eign Secretary was sent to India and Ceylon to confer FACING THE CRISIS IN ENGLAND with missionaries and church leaders as to how the reduc- tion can be effected. No missionaries are to be recalled The missionary societies in Great Britain are and no reduction is to be made in allow,ances, but in some encouraged to find that things are not so bad as areas, a larger measure of responsibility will be handed it was feared. All the societies have had to face over to native churches. While there is a deficit of increased expenditure because of the high bank £10,259 on last year's accounts, the income in contriburate, and unfavorable exchange rates. This item tions from the churches showed an increase of £2,000 alone means a charge of from $10,000 to $50,000 over that of the preceding year. A special eff.ort is to for the year to several societies. The difficulties be made to raise the income again for the present year. seem to have aroused the Christian givers, themselves hit by reduced salaries and increased taxa- The Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society is basing tion, to make great sacrifices. The result is that its present efforts on the assumption that only one-third the home incomes of the Missionary Societies in of the church members are giving to the missionary work. Instead of devising special schemes for raising money, its the British Conference is only 5 % less for the energies are directed to spreading and deepening mis- sionary interest. The normal income of the Society from past year of crisis than the record home income the home districts decreased £10,000 in 1931 as compared of the boom year, 1921. The general decrease in with 1930 and £17,000 as compared with 1929. The whole gifts to missions this past year has been less than staff at home and abroad has imposed on itself a 5% salary cut, while a 2% % reduction in the s,alaries of na- 2%. tional workers in India, China and Africa has been ac- cepted. There are to be no withdrawals-the work every- The Secretary of the Conference of British Mis- where is to be maintained at minimum cost, ,and vacansionary Societies writes "that Church members cies with very few exceptions are being filled. are prepared to make every sacrifice in order that the response to the needs of the work of the King- The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel has issued dom of God shall be at least as striking as the re- a statement that the Society does not expect to curtail sponse of the nation to the needs of the State. . . . grants, or recall any missionaries. Vacancies can be filled if suitable candidates are forthcoming. There have been "Mission Boards are convinced that there is no voluntary surrenders of salaries at home and abroad, and occasion for pessimism or panic. They have had economies are being effected in certain fields through abundant evidence of a new spirit of sacrifice self supp.ort by the daughter churches. among supporters at home, missionaries in the field, and the native churches. In field after field The Foreign Mission of the Presbyterian Church of missionaries have asked that their salaries should Wales is making no cuts in salaries, but a 5% cut in forbe cut rather than that work should be aban- eign grants is to be met by economies and withdrawals. doned or crippled, and with great reluctance There is to be no capital expenditure on buildings for the boards have had to take advantage of this g2ller- next five years. A strenuous effort is being made to exosity. . . . plain the position to members of the denomination and to encourage contributions. "It looks as if the crisis were going to mark the beginning' of a new era in missionary work in Primitive Methodist Missionary Society expects that the which the contribution made by the churches of present deficit ,of more than £2,000 will be increased. The the West may differ considerably from that which S;Ociety hopes to avoid cuts in missionaries salaries. they have been making for the past one hundred and fifty years. . . ." The Church of Scotland Foreign Mission Committee is planning a reduction in expenditure from the general Some of the important British Missionary So- fund at the rate of £10,000. Ways and means of effectcieties give interesting information as to the ing the necessary economies are under discussion. present position and as to plans for the future. The general application of measures for econ- The Church Missionary Society had a deficit last year omy cannot be made without the work of the misof more than £20,000. Cuts have accordingly been made sionary societies being handicapped, but it is enin grants to missions, allowances to missionaries and couraging to note that little work is being abanhome organizations and a further reduction of expendi- doned, that vacancies are being filled with few exture by £30,000 if necessary is contemplated. The ceptions, and new recruits are not being held back budgeted expenditure for the current year is £476,294. in Great Britain. The British are a great example of courage and fidelity in facing responsibility- The London Missionary Society was forced last year whether national or religious. to consider the withdrawal of missionaries from certain fields, but the response to a challenge to increase the in- Every Christian needs faith and courage, tocome £15,000 was so encouraging that while nearly £9,000 gether with a clearer vision of God as revealed in Christ; a deeper appreciation of the condition of men without Christ; a greater sense of our own indebtedness and a more intense devotion to the cause of our Lord and Redeemer.

"Lo Mo"" of San

The Story of Donaldina Cameron and Her Work For the Rescue of Chinese Girls By the REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.~D., LL. D., New York ):..

Secretary Emeritus of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions; Author of "The Foreign Missionary"

I N all the widely extended and diversified work so the dealers in this slave trade adopted the de- of modern missions, it would be difficult to vice of having each girl met at the steamship pier mention any of deeper human interest and by a hil'ed Chinese who swore that she was his more thrilling adventure than the effort. to rescue wife, and to prove his claim presented a photo- many of the Chinese girls who have been brought graph that had been sent to him in advance. If to America. "Brought" is the a girl was too young to pass proper word, for with the ex- the immigration official as a ception of the comparatively WORTH SAVING wife, the Chinese made oath small number who have come that she was his daughter.

as wives or daughters of re- The plight of the poor girls spectable Chinese men, these was pitiable. All were young, girls did not come voluntarily some of them mere children.

but were imported under They did not indeed have the false representation to be- Christian idea of the sin of come virtual slaves for im- impurity, but they were treat- moral purposes. Some of them ed as prisoners. Save in the had been kidnapped in China m 0 s t expensive establish- and others had been bought ments, they were closely con- from poverty-stricken par- fined in wretched, dirty tene- ents who valued sons but ments, cruelly whipped if were callously indifferent to they disobeyed their evil mas- daughters. There was a prof- ters, and subjected to every itable market for them on the imaginable abuse. Health was Pacific Coast where about soon wrecked and then the twenty-nine out of every broken, worn-out little body thirty Chinese were men, was hurried to the Potter's most of whom had lax no- Field.

tions of sex morality or none To the Christian women of at all. Brothel keepers were California belongs the honor ready to pay high prices for of leadership in the effort to girls. Standard rates ranged rescue these unfortunate vic- from $200 to $500, but excep- tims of man's greed and lust. tionally attractive girls some- In 1873 a group of five Prestimes brought as high as byterian w 0 men, who s e $3,000. hearts had been stirred by the The· law restricting Chi- wretched lot of the little Chi- nese immigration was evaded nese slave girls in San Fran- by bringing the girls in as cisco, determined to under- "Picture Brides." Wives of take a work of rescue, and Chinese men who were al- for this purpose they organ- ready in the United States ized themselves as the Wom- were permitted to enter, and en's Occidental Board of Mis- [263 ]

sions. Realizing that rescued girls would have to told heavily upon her; but her spirit was as un- be sheltered and cared for, a small house was se- conquerable as it was beautiful and she carried cured on Prospect Street, San Francisco, with the burden of the superintendency with unflag- Miss S. M. Cummings of Philadelphia as the mis- ging devotion for fourteen years when, in 1885, sionary in charge and Mrs. Tam Ching as Chi- she was joined by one who was to become famous nese assistant. The rooms were soon filled, and as one of the Christian heroines and saints of the in 1876 larger quarters were secured on Sacra- universal Church, Miss Donaldina Cameron, mento Street. This building, too, was outgrown Mother "LoMo," as the Chinese affectionately call her.

Descended from a Highland chief in Scotland, Miss Cameron's parents had emigrated to New Zealand where Donaldina was born at Clydevale, July 26, 1869. When she was two years old, the family came to California and settled on a ranch in the San Joaquin Valley. After the death of her mother, her father removed first to San Jose, afterward to Oakland, and finally to the San Ga- briel Valley where he became manager of the fa- mous Puento Ranch. Donaldina attended the school in San Jose and Oakland and later entered the Normal School in Los Angeles. Her physical THE REFUGE AT 920 SACRAMENTO STREET and mental development were influenced by the and the present building was obtained as the com- free outdoor life of a California ranch where she bined headquarters of the Occidental Board and rode horses and took part in athletic sports. Mrs.

the Rescue Home. All over the world "920 Sac- P. D. Browne, who had become a friend of the ramento Street" became known as the center of a family during their residence in Oakland, occa- beneficent work for humanity and Christ. Many sionally visited at the ranch and Carol Green Wil- missionaries traveling to and from their fields in son, in her remarkably interesting book, "China- eastern Asia and many other Christian workers, town Quest," says that during one of these visits including the writer of these pages, have reason in the summer of 1885 Donaldina listened en- to remember the happy atmosphere of that blessed haven of Christian love and hospitality.

The leading spirit in this movement was Mrs.

P. D. Browne, a woman of remarkable force of character and missionary devotion. She it was who called together the original group, and when the Occidental Board was formed she became its first president. Only one of her indomitable energy and courage could have made headway against the opposition of the unscrupulous men who profited by the traffic in Chinese girls and the apathy of many Americans who felt that nothing could be done to combat successfully the evil. But Mrs. Browne was equal to every emer- gency and she labored with indefatigable zeal in raising funds and enlisting the cooperation of the women's societies, many of which she herself was instrumental in organizing.

Miss Margaret Culbertson, whom Mrs. Browne CAPTAIN ROBERT DOLLAR VISITS THE HOME persuaded to take charge of the Rescue Home in chanted as Mrs. Browne described her busy days 1881, was also a remarkable woman, who had in the fascinating city of San Francisco. With gone to California from western New York as glowing eyes she talked of the Chinese girls res- governess for the children of a brother of that cued by Miss Culbertson from brothels and opium pioneer magnate, D. O. Mills. Miss Culbertson dens. Suddenly she said to the young woman by and Mrs. Browne quickly became friends, and her side: "Dolly, don't you want to do some- when a successor to Miss Cummings was needed, .thing? Won't you come up and help Miss Cul- Miss Culbertson accepted the post. Her health bertson at the Chinese Home? She's getting so was not robust and the nervous strain of the work frail, and now that Miss Houseworth has to leave

"LO MO" OF SAN FRANCISCO

SOME OF THE RESCUED GIRLS IN MISS CULBERTSON'S TIME So began a career crowded with adventure, and characterized by a courage, devotion and reshe will be so overburdened." Miss Cameron sourcefulness that make the story of thrilling in- terest. The failing health and finally the death heard this appeal and afterward descr~bed her of Miss Culbertson in July, 1897, threw the whole burden of the rescue work upon the shoulders of momentous decision. She said to a friend: "I Miss Cameron, then only twenty-eight years of age. The widely extended and diversified operajust stepped into that great task as blithely as 1 tions that she has since directed have been sum- marized by Mrs. Eva Clark Waid, as follows: stepped into your car today, in no way guessing The work of the Home is primarily that of rescuing what lay ahead, in no way prepared to undertake slave girls who have been brought unlawfully into this country and the search of these girls may lead from it. . . . From the first, I loved Miss Culbertson. I Seattle to Ph~nix into every f.orm of den or secret haunt of vice. Tidings concerning these girls come in every loved the Chinese. I never remember feeling any- way, by whispered word or secert note or police inquiry, often from Chinese themselves who know Miss Cameron's thing foreign about them. Never will I forget the indomitable courage and unfailing persistence. All over the United States her name is feared by Chinese and white laughing face of Ah Ying, the first Chinese girl I lawbreakers and oppressors of childhood. Tragedy and sordid crime tax to the breaking point the sympathy and came to know, as she tapped so gently on my door abilities of the workers. Threats and peril and danger are their daily portion. That rescue work is not at an to announce 'Lunch is ready.' " end, even in this enlightened day, seems sure when a San Francisco paper can carry in a flaring headline, as it did Very soon after Donaldina's arrival at Sacra- DONALDINA CAMERON IN CHINESE COSTUME mento Street, Miss Culbertson called her to the office and said: "Are you sure you will not be afraid in this work?"

"Oh, no!" she answered quickly.

"It isn't too late to change your mind there are dangers, you know."

Immediately her Scotch blood was aroused.

"Why?"

Without raising her voice, Miss Culbertson ex- plained that on that very morning the girl who was cleaning the halls had found a strange look- ing stick. Police were called and after a hasty investigation declared that there was enough ex- plosive in that "stick" to blow up a whole city block. This was unusual, for the Chinese seldom went so far with their bitter threats against the Home. But the latest slave girl rescued by Miss Culbertson had represented such a high purchase price that the owner had attempted to wreak di- rect vengeance. Then Miss Culbertson said quietly to her new helper: "Now, are you going to stay?"

"Are you?" just as calmly returned Donaldina Cameron.

"Of course."

"Then I shall stay, too."* * Chirw,town Quest, The Life Adventures of Donaldina Cameron, by Carol Green Wilson, published by Stanford University Press, Stan- ford, Calif. pP. 8-11. .

not long ago: "Five Slave Girls Rescued in Raid." This involves a fight with the evil men who have paid was the story of a recent raid by the police and our Mis- a high price for the girl and who fiercely oppose sion Home force. the effort to take her to the Home. Not infre- quently it has been necessary to break open with Other types of work have naturally fallen to the Mis- an axe doors of vile resorts; it has been necession Home. Cases have been committed by courts; orphan sary to contend against shyster lawyers who dechildren and nameless babies have become the charges fend the resort keepers in court proceedings, and .of the Home; business girls have found here shelter and to face hired scoundrels who pretend to be innosafety after business hours. A variety of care and train- cent husbands or fathers. But Miss Cameron ing must be provided for such a varied household-med- has learned all the tricks of the trade and has so ical care; schooling for these girls who cannot be allowed gained the confidence and esteem of policemen, to leave the Mission Home because of court pr.oceedings judges and reputable lawyers that they promptly for fear of kidnapping; trainin'g in household work; indus- respond to her calls for assistance. trial work that they may be able to make a livelihood with weaving or embroidery; and above all and thr.ough In reply to a recent visitor's question as to it all training in true Christian knowledge and living, whether the slave traffic in Chinese girls has such as has transformed these hundreds of girls who have really ceased, Miss Cameron said: "Not exactly. been sheltered by the Home. Through the generosity of Sergeant Manion and I were just discussing that a friend, Tooker Home in Oakland was provided to care question yesterday. We find that such girls are for a large group of the younger girls and the Baby House not often brought into San Francisco any more. charms all visitors. A new building on a site given by Our police are too quick for them. But in other Captain Hobert Dollar has provided more adequate ac- cities up and down the Coast, and even in the commodations for these younger groups. But the Rescue East, we are told that conditions are far from Home with its devoted group of Christian w.omen and its right." tender ministry to Chinese girls during fifty years remains on the San Francisco hillside. Over two thousand The Presbyterian Board of National Missions, girls have been under the influence of the Home and have which took over the care of the work in 1922, is gone out to be useful members of society, some in China continuing the warmly sympathetic support that as teachers .or home makers, some as helpers among their was formerly given by the Woman's Board of own people in the United States, many in homes of their Foreign Missions. This Christ-like ministry for own in America, and, some as business girls in the new the unfortunate Chinese girls on the Pacific Coast world opened up for Chinese women.t has a strong and continuing appeal to the Chris- tian heart of American womanhood. Many stirring experiences in Miss Cameron's life are described in Miss Wilson's fascinating story of the work. Almost every case of rescue t Leaflet, by Mrs. Eva Clark Waid, publisbed by the Presbyterian Board of National Missions.

Our Gifts to Benevolences According to the statistics compiled this year by the United Stewardship Council (of which Rev. Harry S. Myers, is Secretary) the total gifts of twenty-five leading denominations in " North America, for churches with a total membership of 23,416,365, last year amounted to $507,491,165. The benevolent gifts from this group amounted to $106,278,015, or about one- fifth 'Of the total. Gifts for foreign missions are not segregated. .

The highest per capita giving per annum for benevolence is found among the United Pres- byterians, ($12.65 each) and the lowest is among the Southern Baptists ($2.03 each). Many of these people are extremely poor and live in small communities. The largest denominational per capita giving for congregational expenses is in the Protestant Episcopal Church ($37.25 each) which stands twelfth in benevolence giving. The lowest per capita giving for congrega- tional expenses is from the Brethren ($7.43 ea:;h). They stand next to the Protestant Epis- copal in benevolence.

The denomination spending the largest total amount annually for congregational expenses ($75,712,174) is the Methodist Episcopal, which stands also first in total gifts to benevolence ($15,848,547). They stand twelfth in per capita giving. It would be interesting, if possible, to compare the per capita personal living expenses of members of these denominations, and the amounts expended on luxuries and amusements, with their per capita giving. Each one who keeps an account can compare his or her expenses and gifts. It would be an arresting study for many Christians.

Intense Problem In

By BISHOP JAMES H. LINTON, Isfahan, Persia I!:"

Missionary of the Church Missionary Society H ERE are the bald facts, hot from my heart. engagement, and you can wait till you are free I cannot, for obvious reasons, give the and then marry her." real names. I was on a tour and reached the town of X late What an alluring way! How the man's own in the afternoon and found myself right in the heart longed to accept it! But he said he would thick of a very intense problem. Mirza is a Chris- do nothing till I arrived and he could talk it over tian working in a business house some miles away with me. Friends go on, pressing, pressing. from the town. Some years ago, whil~ he was "Fool," they say, "why wait for the Bishop? still a Moslem, he took a temporary wife, which Sign the contract and leave the rest to discuss is allowable under the Shiah Islamic law in Per- with the Bishop." sia. She was a widow with two children. Later he made her his legal wife. Some time after his Then came the news that I was arriving on marriage Mirza was converted and was baptized. Wednesday, and poison gas methods gave place He also won his wife for Christ and she, too, was to a veritable barrage in which even the girl's baptized. Then came a Moslem priest who told mother joined. Her father is dead, and her this wife that, as a Christian, her children could brother claimed the right to act instead of her not succeed to her late husband's inheritance. As father. He rushed off for a Moslem priest, and a result she renounced her faith in Christ and in her name he signed a contract of marriage. there began disaster in the home. She began to go into debt without the knowledge of her hus- When I arrived I was told the thing was finband, until he never knew what he possessed or ished and there was an end of the matter. But did not. She sold his clothes, gave away the sup- they had forgotten. Some weeks before a new law ply of wheat he had bought to last for a whole was passed, and among other clauses was one year, and finally, for a long time she refused to which took away from a brother this power of be a wife to him at all. Home was home no making a contract of marriage for his sister. longer. A year ago he told me a good deal of Only the father can now do this, and he only durthe story, and I urged him to do his best to wipe ing ·the girl's minority. When she comes of age out his debts. This has used up all his savings she can renounce the contract if she will. for many years. All the joy went out of Hfe, but he stood firm in his Christian witness and tried to The barrage which had been directed on the win his wife back to Christ. man was now turned on the girl also. Her rela- tions may have had some other hold on the man, Mirza has a young cousin, a sweet girl of I do not know. The girl asked her school prineighteen who, from her childhood, has always cipal to stay with her, asking for her protection. looked upon him as her favorite cousin. When The man came into town and demanded that the she was a child he played with her and was her girl be given to him! In despair they asked me hero. Being cousins they see one another freely, to see him. Though he had said that he would do -and she, too, is a very sincere Christian and a nothing till I came, now he refused to see me. teacher in a mission school. In his so bitter ex- "I will have her," he said. "Whether tonight, or perience with his wife, Mirza turned to his cousin in a week or a month. She shall be mine. You for sympathy and love. The voice of the tempter shall not keep her from me!" comes to him: "You are a Persian. The law allows you to take another wife. Why not take I found the woman missionary principal nearly her? You both love one another. Take her." broken with anxiety and advised that she ten the relatives of the written request for protection But Mirza and his cousin know that as Chris- that the girl had given her. If they gave any furtians they cannot accept that way out. ther trouble she would tell the police. That seemed to frighten the relatives. "Well," says the tempter, "at any rate sign the legal contract which need not be more than an Then Mirza'asked that the girl go to his house and there openly declare that she would not have' anything to do with him-"Come for only ten minutes." She refused and finally he went away.

[267 ]

That night I was asleep, tired out after the sired to have." And now–! Was it all for journey, when, about 10 :30 o'clock, I was called. nought? Surely not, or what is the use of our The missionary said that they had come again to being out in Persia preaching the Gospel of Him her house to demand the girl-"Just for ten min- who saved Peter by His prayer. "I have prayed utes." The girl would do nothing till she con- for thee," Jesus said, and His prayer was ansulted me. Off I went to the other end of the swered. He triumphed over Satan by His prayer. town with that missionary, who felt her own We prayed too, and, glory to Him, her faith has honor bound up in the honor of the girl. I found not failed. God does answer prayer. The girl is the girl quite firm in her resolution to stand by in the mother's house, and we are praying. Nothher Christian principles. She knew quite well ing less than sacrificial prayer is worth anything what was behind that request to go to his house in a case like this. Is it worth it to you as a for ten minutes. Christian mother or father? What is it worth for our Father in Heaven? We prayed together, and I advised her to offer to go to her mother's house for ten minutes, on I went off to the village where Mirza was at condition that the missionary go and stay with work and found him in his office. He was surher all the time. They accepted this, and she prised to see me and my heart went out to him. went and definitely declared that she would have He had aged since I saw him a year ago, for he nothing to do with the contract her brother had was grey and haggard. We talked; we prayed. made. You could not but feel for him. God feels for him, too. It is not blame, but love, fellowship, Next morning I had a heartbroken message and above all, trust that he needs. He changed from the missionary: "Her mother came at half- completely when I spoke to him in words of sympast three in the morning and took the girl away. pathy. I said that I trusted him to come through I could do nothing to keep her when the mother triumphant. We knelt and prayed together, and demanded the girl." he pledged himself to me and to God that he would have nothing more to do with the girl till The Devil! How he worked that night for vic- God made him a free man. So God triumphed tory? Was all lost ? No, for Jesus is on the over the strongest human desires that a man has. throne. God! How we prayed that day for the girl; for the man. Does God hear? Does He an- We hold on in prayer, in faith-for him, for swer prayer? her. The temptation is not over.

Swiftly the message went round to the inner "Why should he not divorce his other wife," circle of praying people. If the devil put his bar- says the world. "He married her as a Moslem, rage of temptation around those two of God's and such marriage is not necessarily lifelong in children, we put our barrage of prayer around its implications." True; but he became a Chris- God's throne. It seemed hopeless. She was in a tian and so is under the law of Christ. Persian home with the Persian outlook on marriage. "His legal wife renounced her faith," says the world. So the devil argues. But we come back "Why should he not have two wives?" said the to Christ. "He was in all points tempted like as mother, "any Persian is entitled to do so." But we are." That brings Him very near in times not any Persian; not a Persian who has become like this. It is true. "Sympathy," the same pasone of Christ's men. sion-for He was very human. The same pas- sion that swings and sways the life of every other Humanly speaking, all was lost. Evil seemed man, that passion Jesus in His humanity knew. to have triumphed over good, over God. The girl That is why I trust Him to help Mirza and that was in the power of the man who loved her and girl. That is why I think it is worth praying longed to have her as his wife. for them. That is why He "is able to succour them that are tempted." That is why "He ever Do you mothers, fathers know what sacrificial liveth to make intercession for us," and if that prayer is? Sacrifice? Well, it is just that. Be- is what Jesus lives for what do we live for? fore I left the town that woman missionary was in the hospital-broken. She had spent days and nights in prayer for the girl whom "(Satan de- There are no times in life when opportunity, the chance to be and to do, gathers so richly about the soul as when it has to suffer. Then everything depends upon whether the man looks to the lower or the higher helps. If he looks to God, the hour of suffering is the turning hour of life. PHILLIPS BROOKS.

A Moravian Missionary Bi~Centennial

By J. TAYLOR HAMILTON, D. D.

Bethlehem, Penn. Bishop 0/ the Moravian Church I N the providence of God the Moravian Church who had opened their lives to the influence of the will this summer round out two hundred Holy Spirit, in implicit reliance on the Bible. years of unbroken missionary activity among When, in the early dawn of an August day in heathen people. It is of God's grace, that the 1732, two young men, Leonard Dober and David preaching of her heralds has ever been and still Nitschmann, set out from Herrnhut, Saxony, remains Christo-centric. Him they have sought with the slaves of the island of St. Thomas -as and still seek to magnify; in His name there is their objective, they were bidden Godspeed by salvation but in no other name; His was the com- young Count Zinzendorf. More than any other plete atonement once and for all; lifted up on the man this young nobleman had been the human cross, He draws all men unto Him. Through their instrument in bringing about that revival amongst experience with many races, the Moravians can the people to whom he had given a refuge on his testify that the Bible is the book of all humanity estate, when they fled from religious tyranny. It -God's inspired revelation to man. was.a little village of some six hundred, mainly It need not surprise us that the story of the refugees for conscience sake, who formed their two hundred years is not one of unbroken and un- home base. But this little congregation had ex- interrupted advance. Ebb and flow are observ- perienced a baptism of the Spirit of God five years able in the history of the Church universal. .Sim- previously and its membership had been witness- ilar fluctuations are to be observed here. Here, ing widely in Christendom. Only such an experi- too, pulsations of inner life have left a record in ence could explain the cheerful spirit in which corresponding vigor of active missionary zeal, and the two pioneers made their way to Copenhagen, a relation may be traced between the decline of mainly on foot with only a couple of gold coins a spirit of revival and a lessening of aggressive between them, with no assurance of a passage witnessing together wit h concentration upon across the Atlantic and with no very clear idea placid cultivation of virtues at home, whilst the how they must make their living after reaching status quo in the foreign field was at best only St. Thomas. They did know that the Gospel of maintained. Christ is the power of God unto salvation; and Another parallel may be noted. Movements of they had confidence in the Good Shepherd whose world history have exerted an influence both in voice they knew they were following.

the life of the Church universal and in the con- This same revival spirit explains how within dition of Moravian missions. Every history of the ten following years Zinzendorf could despatch Christianity has to take into account the decay other Brethren to the Eskimos of Greenland, to of the Roman Empire and the deluge of barbar- wild tribes of Northern Russia, to the natives of ism, the military menace of Mohammedanism, the Gold Coast of Africa, to the Hottentots of the the reactionary naturalism of the Renaissance, Cape of Good Hope, to Negro slaves of Dutch and the self-sufficient agnosticism of the machine Guiana, to Arawak Indians of what is now Brit- age. Similarly, when the story of Moravian mis- ish Guiana, to Indian tribes of North America, sions is told, wars' destructiveness and their plac- and to the Singhalese in Asia. Before another ing impediments in the way of intercourse, as decade had passed other missionaries sought to well as their engendering mistrust and suspicion reach Kalmuck Tartars of Russia, attempted to and hates, also help to account for ebb tides in herald the Gospel in Persia, gained a footing on the enterprise of world evangelism. the mainland of India, perished when seeking to Like all effectual testimony Moravian missions found work in Labrador and contemplated a mis- were a fruit of personal experience of assurance sion to Abyssinia. Not all these undertakings at- of the grace of God, granted to faith. They were tained permanence, yet by 1747 converts had been the product of a deep religious revival among men won among eighteen different races. In some [269 ]

stroyed. Servile wars scattered the Arawak con- verts and occasioned the razing of mission sta- tions in the Guianas. War hampered communi- cations by sea and cut off missionaries from their base of supplies in men an~ means; and in great measure accounted for the abandonment of the at- tempt in India-that and the excessive mortality experienced there. During the Napoleonic wars the missionaries in Greenland were reduced to great straits; they had no bread and their cloth- ing gave out. For three years they could get no seeds to grow the crop of vegetables that gave some variety to their diet in times of peace. For a number of years flour was at an almost prohibi- tive price in Dutch Guiana.

Nevertheless in this very dark era the kind hand of God could often be discerned in the won- derful preservation of heralds who had been brought into perplexing positions. It was of His goodness that sympathy, called forth by these very experiences, on the part of Christian friends beyond the limits of the communion of the Breth- ren, in 1817 led them to found the London Asso- ciation in Aid of Moravian Missions, a society that still carries on its generous auxiliary activity.

The One Hundredth Anniversary The celebration of the one hundredth anni- cases hostile governments or governors interposed versary of the founding of Herrnhut in 1722 and a veto, or prejudiced religious leaders made such the recalling of God's wonderful dealings with the representations to officials of great trading com- fathers in 1727 prepared the home churches for a panies that held concessions in colonies, that the fresh experience of a season of refreshing from work was temporarily rendered impossible. In the presence of the Lord, that culminated in 1841 other instances the pioneers laid down their lives and the years immediately following. This in before organizing converts into a church. Some- turn bore fruit in missionary expansion and exem- plified the truth that the witness-spirit and suctimes war interfered with their work. In the decades following the death of Zinzen- cessful witnessing are closely connected with the dorf in 1760, and until the close of the Napoleonic revival-spirit, the two standing in the relation of wars, almost ceaseless strife in Europe and in cause and effect over against one another. various colonies partly accounted for a period of With the General Synod of 1848, the first of something like an ebb in Moravian missions. Yet these convocations after the full experience of the even in these years advances were attempted, new revival, began the modern advance of Morasuch as an entrance into Egypt with Abyssinia vian mISSlOns. That synod deliberated on ways as the objective, various undertakings in India and means for the more complete and effective and on the Nicobar Islands. Permanent success organization of existing fields and in particular attended the second landing in Labrador, contin- concerned itself with the problem of preparing uously occupied since 1770, and the Hottentot Mis- sons of certain of the newer churches to minister sion was re-established in 1792. Yet war ham- to their own people. It visioned the goal of ultipered. It accounted for very heavy financial mate financial self-dependence in these fields. But losses at the home base. It prevented the pass- it also determined that a favorable response age of missionaries to and from their posts. It should be given to several invitations to enter on led to and explained major reverses in the prom- new work. And the Church as a whole welcomed ising work among American Indians, notably the and became accustomed to the policy of expandestruction of the Christian Indian villages in sion.

Ohio and the massacre of the converts at Gnaden- As a result, in the rather more than eighty huetten. During the War of 1812 the Christian years since then new enterprises have been be- Indians of Fairfield, Ontario, saw their homes de- gun in Nicaragua, Western Tibet, Victoria, among

A MORAVIAN MISSIONARY BI-CENTENNIAL

(LEFT) A GROUP OF BUSH NEGROES AT HOME IN SURINAM, (DUTCH GUIANA) SOUTH AMERICA (RIGHT) A SUNDAY SCHOOL CLASS IN THE MORAVIAN MISSION AT LEH, LADAKH, LESSER TIBET A, W, HEYDE OF LEH (LEFT) AN OPEN AIR SCHOOL FOR EVANGELISTS OF THE MORAVIAN MISSION IN NICARAGUA CENTRAL AMERICA

the lepers of Palestine, in Demerara, in Alaska, in The World War most seriously affected Mora- California (Indians), in East Equatorial Africa, vian missions. Prior to it Herrnhut formed the in North Queensland, among the Asiatic contract missionary headquarters, with an international laborers imported into Dutch Guiana, and last of board, enjoying the hearty cooperation of auxilall, in 1930, among the Indians of the eastern iary boards in Britain and America. The war neregions of Honduras. With the best of intentions, cessitated financial decentralization, and for some however, for lack of men and means at least years communications were blocked. Administratwenty-five calls to enter upon other new work tion was also decentralized, and remains so. But have necessarily been declined during this period more than this, the financial support of the worldof advance. True, not all the fields actually en- wide undertakings was very seriously affected. tered were accepted as an objective beforehand; During the many years of missionary operations nor has every field been permanently held. When endowments had been built up, largely from legthe appeal of Gutslaff caused Pagell and Heyde to acies, for the pensioning of retired missionaries be sent from Herrnhut in 1853, it was in the hope and for the education of the children of missionthat the great Chinese Empire might be entered aries while active in the regions beyond, for the from the west via India, up the Indus valley and training of teachers and ministers in the lands across passes of the western ranges of the Hima- where new churches arose, the last mentioned enlayas. But, under orders from China proper, of- dowments being especially needed in view of the ficials blocked the way by a boycott that prohibit- type of peoples among whom the missionaries ed the supply of food. So the pioneers remained worked-peoples not blessed with money power. at Kyelang, many thousands of feet above sea level and commenced Christian work among the lama- Practically all the funds invested in Germany ridden Tibetan-speaking Buddhists. In 1848 a were swept away in the crash of Germany's finanmission was begun among the terribly backward cial system through the War and the subsequent black fellows of Victoria, Australia, and was at- period of inflation, and business undertakings in tended with success. But it proved to be a minis- Africa and South America also suffered most seritering beside the death-bed of a race. So their ous losses. A very heavy debt of honor now rests kinsfolk in North Queensland, reputed cannibals on the Moravian Church for the care of retired though they were, received the attention of Mora- missionary veterans and for the education of the vian missionaries, who were backed by the finan- children of those in the service. Indeed, the cial support and the practical sympathy of devot- American Province North in the United States is ed Presbyterians in Australia. Since the World so conscious of this, that it proposes to start build- War this last field has been wholly taken over by ing up a special fund as a chief feature of its bithe Presbyterian Church of Australia. centenary celebration, notwithstanding the pres- ent general depression. The Influence of War In spite of the seriousness of the present mis- During the past period of missionary advance, sionary situation and in spite of the causes for as in the former, war proved to be a mighty hin- anxiety the American Moravian Church perceives drance. The Kaffir mission in South Africa re- very much reason to thank God and take courage, peatedly experienced this in the first half of the as it proceeds to keep this significant anniversary. nineteenth century. During the American Civil God has done great things for us, whereof we are War the Cherokee Mission was so disrupted and glad. When Count Zinzendorf died in 1760, about received such blows, that it never really recov- fifty missionaries were at work and the baptized ered. The great World War involved the intern- membership in the mission fields has been estiment of German missionaries in India and in mated at that time as about 3,000. In 1848 the East Africa as prisoners of war, sometimes under total membership in those fields was about 64,000. terribly trying circumstances, they being separat- At the outbreak of the World War the total baped from wives and children, all being ultimately tized mission membership was 100,606. The latrepatriated. In East Africa it carried with it the est available statistics give a total of more than desolation of mission stations, involving heavy 135,400, served by 262 missionaries from the financial losses, at least temporarily put an end to home lands and 51 ministers and 16 assistant mineducational work in general and the training' of isters of the newer churches, with 408 of their native church workers in particular. In recent fellow-countrymen formally authorized to conduct years disturbances in Nicaragua have involved religious worshjp. In 240 mission day schools the martyrdom of a missionary and the temporary 40,806 children were being taught by 716 teachers. withdrawal from several important centers of ac- The ten advanced schools had 282 students in tivity, Indian converts taking refuge in the bush. charge of 32 teachers. Labrador, Alaska, Cali- fornia, the West Indies, Honduras, Nicaragua,

Demerara, Dutch Guiana, South Africa, East philus Solomon Schumann, the Apostle of the Equatorial Africa, the Western Himalayas and Arawaks in Berbice, who was permitted to bap- Jerusalem with its home for lepers, all of them tize more than four hundred Indians during his yet offer a scope for the zeal of the successors of comparatively brief day of work. Grunewald, Dober and Nitschmann. Sieboerger, and other missionaries in Nicaragua From the standpoint of missionary strategy gave the Miskito Indians the New Testament, realone the spending of energy among so many vari- vised by George R. Heath. A harmony of the ous backward peoples, in place of concentrating Gospels in Kaffir was the work of Moravian mis- on some one or two large nations that had de- sionaries, though the Kaffir Bible, printed in Lonveloped a native type of culture, may be open to don in 1879, was the work of Scotch missionaries. criticism as not being the best missionary policy. The New Testament, which in part or the whole But from the days of Count Zinzendorf, the Mo- has been done into four languages of what is now ravian Church has regarded it a duty to follow Tanganyika Territory, as well as hymnals and what seemed to be the call from our Saviour to manuals of doctrine came from the pens of misgo where great need existed among otherwise neg- sionaries of Herrnhut and of Berlin. Augustus lected people. Moravians have long been aware J aeschke, Heyde and Redslob and Augustus Her- that this entails special difficulty in bringing the mann Francke have as their common monument new churches to the stage of self-maintenance in the New Testament in the classical Tibetan, and men and means as a basis for further self-expan- Francke translated St. Mark's Gospel into four sion. Their first fruitage among the -ordained little known dialects of the Western Himalayan ministry of the newer churches was John Buckley, region. Space will not permit a recounting of ordained in Antiguae in 1856, when the abolition works prepared in connection with missionary unof slavery was of comparatively recent date. dertakings that failed of permanence. Schools for the training of native teachers had their start with the founding of the normal school It goes without saying that in the two centuries in Genadendal in Cape Colony by Bishop Hallbeck many Moravian missionaries have laid down their in 1838. lives for Christ's sake, some being lost at sea, many carried off by fevers, and some being On the other hand, the fact that -many of the martyred, like Carl Bregenzer recently at his early missionary undertakings were a m 0 n g post in Nicaragua. Yet God permitted many to slaves or among races that had felt the impact of give notably long years of service. The veteran Europeans simplified the linguistic approach. apostle of the Delawares, David Zeisberger, was Negroes cruelly torn from tribal homes in Africa active for sixty-two years. In the early period of acquired some use of their masters' speech; thus the Greenland Mission quite a number had more arose the "Negro-English" of the American trop- than forty years to their credit and Jacob Beck ics. This rendered the translation of the Scrip- was at work there for fifty-four years. In modern tures and of hymns a comparatively easy task. times Augustus William Heyde retired from the Similarly in South Africa the Hottentots substi- Tibetan mission in 1903, after more than fifty tuted the Dutch of the Cape for their own tongue. years in the field, and Frederick Augustus Hagen- But in many cases Moravian missionaries had to auer, who retired in 1907, gave more than fifty do linguistic work of a high order as pioneers in years to the black fellows of Victoria. Clement the opening up of strange languages or even in Oehler served at home in America and in the the reduction of these to writing. Moravian mis- West Indies and, though in retirement, is still sionary literature embraces 718 works in 17 lan- active after more than fifty years of service; and guages or groups of languages. The Bible or sep- Frank Wilde in J amacia, though technically rearate books of the Bible will account for 185 tired, does the full work of a missionary and may, works. John Beck and John Conrad Kleinschmidt please God, soon round out the half-century, while and Samuel Kleinschmidt are names that stand a number of others, like William Weinland, first a out in connection with the translation of the Scrip- pioneer in Alaska and then in Southern California tures into the Eskimo of Greenland. A. Erdmann among the Indians, and several in the West Inand Theodore Bourquin and Albert Martin are dian work, like Augustus B. Romig, and Bishop remembered in connection w.ith Labrador. Edwin C. Greider, went on well towards that mark.

"The Lord hath done great things for us, where- Various missionaries have done like work in of we are glad." Our special yearning at this connection with parts of the New Testament for time is for a season of refreshing from the pres- Alaska. In his more than sixty years of active ence of the Lord, that a renewal of our days may service among the various clans of the Delawares be brought about, with the coming of power from ::md the Six Nations, David Zeisberger was in- above, for more implicit obedience to the call and defatigable in literary work, and so was Theo- ~ more efficient consecration.

The Princeton Declaration on the Church and Missions A group of leaders, deeply interested in the development of greater missionary interest in the home church, and larger spiritual fruitage in the work abroad, met in Princeton on April 12th. There were present missionaries, pastors, laymen, seminary professors and board secretaries. These did not officially represent any organizations but met informally for con- ference and prayer. After careful consideration of the present crisis, through which many boards are passing, the following statement was adopted.

In the next issue of THE REVIEW we expect to publish extended comments on this State- ment, especially as it relates to the causes of apparent decline in missionary interest in the home churches and the supreme need of the hour. The Princeton Statement is signed, in be- half of the group, by a special committee consisting of Dr. Robert E. Spear of the Presbyte- rian Board of Foreign Missions, Dr. C. S. Cleland of the United Presbyterian Church and Dr. T. H. Mackenzie of the Reformed Church in America. It is as follows: In response to the call of the Committee of Foreign Missions of the Western Section of the Alliance of the Presbyterian and Reformed Churches, a group of members and officers of the foreign missionary agencies of some of these churches (the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., the Presbyterian Church in the U. S., the United Presbyterian Church and the Re- formed Church in America) met in Princeton on April 12, 1932, and after a day of prayer and conference and discussion voted to record: 1. Their gratitude to God for the measure in which, in spite of difficulties and finan- cial depression, their churches have been enabled to maintain their foreign missionary work; 2. Their assurance that by the blessing of God these churches will in due time restore and enlarge their work abroad and will go forward to the full accomplishment of their duty in association with the national Christian churches which have been established and with which it is their joy to cooperate; 3. Their unfaltering confidence in the true basis of missions; in the great acts of God for the redemption of mankind, and in particular in the historic fact and the univ~rsal meaning of God's deed in sending His only begotten Son to be our Saviour, and in His incarnation, His life and teaching, His death on the Cross for the redemption of the world, and His resurrec- tion as the beginning of a new God-given life for redeemed humanity; 4. Their conviction that the uniqueness and universality and absolute significance of Christ and His Gospel must be unswervingly maintained by our churches against all move- ments of syncretism or adjustment which compromise or imperil belief in the aloneness of our Lord Jesus Christ and the unique indispensableness of His Gospel, and that nowhere save in this truth of Christ and about Christ is there any hope for the love and righteousness and power of redeemed human lives and a redeemed human society; 5. Their joy in all the movements of change, or turning and over-turning, in the atti- tudes and conceptions of men's minds, in missionary methods and processes, in political and economic conditions, in the Church and in the world, which serve to lead men to Christ as the only Lord and Saviour, and to bring Christ to His rightful place as the only Lord and Mas- ter of mankind.

6. Their abiding faith in the Church as the enduring agency of the Gospel and their re- liance on the Holy Spirit as the sole source of its power.

7. Their deep sense of the need of prayer and their hope that all to whom God has entrusted leadership in the missionary enterprise should realize that prayer is their most important work; that prayer should be the atmosphere and spirit of our mission board of- fices, and that in missionary cultivation throughout the churches primary emphasis should be laid upon the development and strengthening of prayer groups and upon individual interces- sion.

Foreign Missions Cost Too Mu.ch'?

By the REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D. D., LL. D.

..:( New York j:..

Author of "Changing Foreign Missions"; Executive Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

A COMMON objection to current foreign mis- (a) Administrative costs may be carried in £".. sionary work is that its administrative small items at many local points. Pastors, church costs are too high. Most of its critics officers, women, committees of higher church have passed the point where men scoffed at bodies could and do carry many such items of "spending ninety cents of each dollar to get the service. Few can give full time to them; they other ten cents to the mission field." That was are compelled to slip the added expense of time never true, unless possibly in some irresponsible and money into busy lives otherwise supported.

organizations. The larger Mission Boards and Independent or voluntary agencies for mission- Committees have never de- ary work sometimes announce served such unfounded criti- that there are no costs for ad- cism. Does it "cost a dollar to send ministration and that all con- But there is a more rational a dollar" for missionary work tributions go direct to the field. This really means that some criticism of "too large an in foreign lands? If not, men give their money entirely overhead" expense. It is diffi- how much does it· cost and cult, however, to tell exactly w,hat is rightly chargeable to or largely to support the home where "overhead" ends and missionary administrations? end of the enterprise, paying the actual work begins. Busi- Why is it necessary to have the cost of securing and admin- expensive headquarters and ness organizations exist for the to employ so many salaried istering the money to support purpose of making money and officers and clerks? Dr. Mc- the work at the foreign end. they count it wise to spend Afee, who has wide experience Somebody must pay the necesmoney in order to get money. in the pastorate, in the theo- sary costs of administration Missionary agencies exist for logical seminary, in mission- and promotion. If a volunteer the purpose of extending the ary travel and in Mission worker can use time otherwise Kingdom of God by the wise Board Executive work, an- requited or living otherwise spending of money, not to make swers these questions clearly. provided, he must not theremoney. They are compelled to Most criticism comes from ig- fore have the impression that spend money in order to raise norance rather than from this obviates administrative money, and it is difficult to cost. Every Mission Board reknow where the line should be knowledge of the facts. ceives a large amount of volun- drawn in "overhead" costs. tary service for which it makes Still it remains true that all no payment in money, but as observers of missionary agencies should be the work grows it requires more complete atten- concerned lest the administration of the work con- tion than can be given by the odds and ends of sumeS too much of the available funds. Adminis- time and strength of busy people. The problem is trative staffs may become too large, administrative to determine when that time comes and then to salaries may be too high, administrative programs prevent the work of salaried people from cutting may become too heavy and expensive, administra- off the service of volunteers. Much of the work of tive methods may become too intricate. the Boards is really the business of people in the Most Mission Board officers and members con- home church, pastors, officers and others. Com- sider that the costs are higher than they wish, but mittees of church members and officers might do they mean that they are more centralized than most of the promoting and collecting, the spread- they ought to be. A large work cannot be car- ing of information, the maintaining of inspira- ried on effectively without expense and consider- tion, and the like. It is exactly this that causes able expense. This expense may be distributed at most of the overhead cost in the missionary en- three points. terprise. Churches which have retained this local [275 ]

activity have low "overhead" in their Boards. In necessities. Christians live in their Father's churches whose salaried workers have taken over world and He cannot mean them to live in a nigthis responsibility, relieving local leaders of the gardly fashion. Missionary homes steadily imburden, the "overhead" is high. Much work must prove as the pioneer stage passes; facilities for be done to maintain the interest of the home travel increase and the allowances for various inchurch and to increase its gifts. If this were terests, and more elaborate equipment, all call for done by local leaders, it would distribute the load more and more money. How much of this is unof missionary costs in such small amounts that it necessary "overhead" and how much is to be would not be oppressive anywhere. The irony of charged to direct missionary work? Clearly the it is that local leaders who fail to do this often money is not wasted, for it puts better facilities resent the activity of their central Boards and at the disposal of the most carefully selected group Committees in trying to make up for such failure. of workers now in the service of the Church. It would be a counsel of perfection to suggest Thoughtful missionaries everywhere are setting that all of this work might be cared for by local themselves to watch the whole outlay with care leaders, for the central agencies have access to and to guard against scaling the work at too high knowledge and inspiration which local leaders expense. cannot secure directly; it is wholly possible, however, that much has been undertaken by central The Home Office agencies which really belongs to local workers whose service would greatly enrich the whole en- (c) There remains that administration which terprise. is generally the one in mind when "overhead" and missionary costs are questioned-namely, the Field Administration Expense home Boards and central agencies. These have their headquarters either in a rented place or (b) Part of the administrative costs are on the owned building, or possibly in the back parlor of field. As missionary work grows larger it proves a kindly person who does the work at night, or necessary to have certain unifying organizations in a minister's study where the pastor gives of his and agencies which lift the load from the mission- own time or that of the church. At the long last aries in their distinctive tasks. It is a waste of all this has to be paid for. There are secretaries, time for the average missionary to be treasurer treasurers, clerks, messengers, speakers, departof a large mission. It requires bookkeeping, ments increasing in number and size as the work reckoning in local currencies, watchfulness that grows. This third administrative force is the benevolent gifts are rightly applied-a skill and most obvious one and its costs are most easily time which the average missionary does not have. calculated, but it is only one of the three. As This involves a mission treasurer, who will give either of the other unloads responsibility, the cenmore and more time to the work as the mission tral agency has to take it up. And this explains develops. Field problems arise also, and it be- much of its cost. What local leaders do not carry comes necessary to set apart capable men for ad- must still be done. Each denomination or church ministrative work, to go on short notice to a place body has laid on its Mission Board the duty of of complication or danger, to give advice where maintaining the work, so that any reduction of difficult situations arise, to determine policies, to local leadership shifts the work increasingly upon hold the work in balance. All the larger Boards the Board. This centers the costs at one point, try to increase the administrative work on the sometimes making them seem unduly high. The field and to reduce it at the home end. More ques- same amount, spread over the local leadership, tions are settled on the field and fewer are re- would be counted reasonable. served for home offices. This is administration as truly as though it occurred in New York or In the same way, until decisions are made on London, but because it is on the field it is not the field, they must be made in home offices and usually reckoned as "overhead." they are safe only if there are consultations by several minds. Many decisions so involve But even here there is reason to be watchful. the home church that they cannot be made on the The entire missionary enterprise can easily be field. It is necessary to have a home office, sensiscaled on too high a standard of expenditure, tive to what the home church may be expected to though this is seldom a fault. Many missionaries provide in men and money and prayer. This inlive too simply and rigidly for their bodily endur- volves a staff of varying size according to the deance. A few have independent means or are velopment of the work. A Board with an annual aided by friends. Most people in civilized lands turn-over of four million dollars cannot handle are now living beyond the point of real need and the money carelessly or without consideration; it have made of their fathers' luxuries their own cannot wisely leave decisions to hasty thinking by

DO FOREIGN MISSIONS COST TOO MUCH?

those who can give the work only the leavings of ference workers for six days and preachers or their time and strength. Capable workers must speakers on the Sabbath, often with wearisome be employed and their salaries must be provided. travel added. Those who have independent incomes, as some have, can carryall or part of their living costs Other central costs of administration are those themselves. If not, they must be cared for out of receiving, caring for and transmitting funds of available funds. If special funds could be se- according to the will of donors; providing and iscured for salaries and other expenses, so that mis- suing promotive literature; guiding local leaders sionary gifts shall not be used for this purpose, on points which are better known to the central this merely would mean that a few individuals agency because of its contact with the field; seshall be asked to pay for the transmission and curing and caring for candidates; furnishing itinsafeguarding of the gifts of others. Good judg- erant speakers; meeting and speeding furloughed ment would suggest instead that all gifts pay and returning missionaries; purchasing supplies their own way. This demands that costs shall be ordered from the field both for general and perkept at the lowest point consistent with good ad- sonal use; caring for medical requirements of ministration. candidates and furloughed missionaries, maintain- ing inter-church and inter-board relationships for As a matter of fact most missionary agencies the prevention of duplication and confusion on the move on a much lower financial scale than the field and at home; keeping accurate and helpful lichurches which they represent, they provide lower braries and files-in short, standing helpfully besalaries than pastors of comparable standing in tween the home church and the field force, servthe church. Indeed, it is often difficult to secure ing both. the services of men who are wanted on board staffs because they do not think they can afford to All this involves financial outlay, and without accept the financial provision offered. The offices constant care the costs creep up. But there is of many boards are far less adequately equipped much less ground for criticism of these agencies than the studies of pastors in the same cities; the than the critics generally think. In proportion to demands on board workers are apt to be on the the work required, they are on a scale quite as seven-day week scale, for they are office and con- modest as other church agencies, and on a far more modest scale than business enterprises of the same dimensions.

"Nights With God" In Auckland By the REV. A. S. WILSON, J!: ..

Christchurch, South Island, N. Z.

H ARRY DAWSON was an Australian busi- date arrived the same state of affairs was appar- ness man who represented a commercial ent. We finally decided to start "after Easter!" house in New Zealand. Since the pastor of the Grange Road Presbyterian Church in On Good Friday the workers made a house to Auckland was to be away, Mr. Dawson was asked house canvass to invite people to the meetings, to supply the pulpit one Sunday in January. He and many came back telling of the exquisite joy readily agreed to take the services for two Sun- of soul winning. A prolonged prayer meeting days, if the pastor wished it, and two nights a was held that night. week in addition. He had done a considerable amount of evangelistic work and offered to hold a In the quiet of eventide two young fellows, apshort series of mission services. January is a pealed to in the visitation, came seeking Jesus holiday month for New Zealanders and when the Christ. This so delighted the young workers that time came the church seemed unable to throw off they went out to look for others and held a prayer the holiday spirit. The officers agreed to postpone meeting on the footpath. The glow of the Spirthe series of special services, but when the next it's power was present. About midnight nearly everyone went home, but seven remained to spend the night in earnest prayer for the district

of Mt. Eden, for the city of Auckland, and for As a result of months of such a weekly rendezthe services. vous there arose the Prayer and Revival Cam- paign which aimed to help all the churches in Evangelistic meetings were held each night and their work. From this center various united another all night of prayer was announced. This evangelistic campaigns have sprung up and have time twenty-six attended and four were brought produced great results for the glory of God. in from the streets. Mt. Eden is a no-license district so that these wayfarers were quite sober. Dr. W. H. Pettit journeyed to Grange Road Three came out for Christ that night and joined early in the series to verify the reports of the the band of praying ones. Among this group happenings. So convinced was he that this was was a bright, educated young fellow, leader of the a work of the Holy Spirit that he addressed a big Christian Endeavor Society at the Tabernacle meeting of "Brethren" from various parts of the built by Thomas Spurgeon (son of C. H. Spur- city about the fruits of the meetings. They were geon) and now ministered to by the Rev. Joseph so moved that they arranged a series of special W. Kemp. Over seventy people came to the next prayer times all over the city. The wife of an night of prayer and the same glow and power was Anglican clergyman declared that she had never present. Every night the ordinary meetings went known such ease in approaching people about the on; in fact, they lasted for seven weeks. On Fri- things of God. The general manager of one of day evening they filled the body of the church and the largest business houses in the city said that many remained all night. On the fourth "all in all his years in Auckland no such spiritual atnight" meeting one hundred and forty stayed mosphere had been abroad. The Secretary of a until about 6 :30 a. m., and even then it was diffi- large New Zealand enterprise, who had not been cult to close. People in the city began to take near a revival meeting, became acutely conscious notice; these meetings became a topic of conver- of unhappy estrangement from God. He sought sation on trams and buses. Some were awed; a prominent Christian business man and yielded some treated it with scorn and ridicule. The himself to God. "nights with God" each Friday continued, the numbers soaring until some 250 were present. Many heard the word: "If I regard iniquity in From eight o'clock until midnight the meeting my heart the Lord will not hear me," and they was general with one or two addresses. Among stepped out to surrender for sanctification by the speakers were Rev. E. R. Harries, Chairman faith and for the fullness of the Spirit. No one of the Cambridge Convention; Mr. Chas. J. Rolls criticized or wondered for everyone seemed in and the Rev. Joseph W. Kemp of the New Zealand sympathy. Like Archbishop Leighton, they were Bible Training Institute; the Rev. John Laird, "driven from natural independency to make M. A., a Baptist; the Rev. R. C. Roberts, B. A., Christ all their strength." As Dr. Robert Dale B. D., President of Auckland Ministers Associa- said of some at D. L. Moody's gatherings in Bingtion; Dr. W. H. Pettit, the Rev. F. H. Radford, ley Hall, they came "anxious, restless, feeling Harry Dawson and the Rev. A. S. Wilson. after God in the darkness" and before our eyes their faces were filled with light. People came in goodly numbers. Grange Road is one of the oldest churches in Auckland, having The sense of unity in these gatherings was the been built by Bishop Selwyn in 1865. A quarter unity of the Spirit. A company of ministers of a century ago it was purchased by the Baptists were discussing the "all nights" sympathetically and has become a sacred, holy place to many. and with wonder. One of the oldest said: "What Passersby were amazed to see the old property has struck me is that at four in the morning the ablaze with light at one o'clock in the morning Anglican at one end, the Plymouth Brother at the and a score of cars standing in front. Songs of other, and all the denominations between, strike praise were led by the pipe organ and the over- the same note." Glory to Jesus Christ, the wonflow of joy was very reverent. At midnight the derful Saviour! worshipers passed to the Social Hall singing "We're Marching to Zion." There the atmos- We are reminded of the words of Bishop phere became like heaven upon earth. There was Moule: "The secret of continuance is taking earnest crying to God that He would look upon pains to keep up intercourse with God." The Auckland as Christ looked upon· Jerusalem. For- "all nights" remind us of the intercessions of eign lands were also remembered and God heard, Jesus when not by streams of penitents, but by reviving His own people and leading them to engage in per- Cold mountains and the midnight air sonal soul winning.- Witnessed the fervour of His prayer.

THE SON OF KING MSIDI, WITH HIS HEADMEN AND MUSICIANS, READY FOR A

"In the Reign of King Msidi"

What the Missionaries Faced in Africa Forty Years Ago By MRS. JOHN M. SPRINGER, Jadotville, Central Africa Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church T HE sun shone brightly on the capital of Few doubted the guilt of the queen and her Msidi at Bunkeya, the Congo, in the heart older son, Mungo. All the other five hundred of Africa. The city was washed clean by wives of Msidi were sure of it, and the young the torrential rain of the preceding night. But wife, Tava, hated Mataya with venomous jealthe great capital was wholly unmindful of the sun ousy and longed- with all her savage heart to see or of the rain-washed town. If anyone gave a Mataya stoned and her body pulled limb from thought to the rain, it was to trust that it would limb. Then she, the beautiful Tava, would be ingive a good crop of corn, or mealies (mataba). stalled as queen. She stood among the other women, silent, scornful, hated by them as much as For the entire village was concerned with one she hated Mataya. It was a town where hate thought, "Would Queen Mataya be proved guilty reigned supreme. of witchcraft and of causing the death of her younger son, Muti, who had been killed in This was in December, 1887. Msidi, the king, battle?" sat on a low stool under his verandah. He was a [ 279]

man of about 60, stout but vigorous, with power- of things. The sorcerers were brilliantly and ful, sinewy muscles. His round, almost childlike fearsomely painted, bedecked with feathers and face, utterly belied his character. A short, snowy with fantastic apparel and headgear. They were beard covered his chin. He was king by right of watching the bones while the king was watching prowess and unrelaxing tyranny over the whole the diviners. country. His name carried terror throughout Central Africa. Msidi had his share of superstition but he also had knowledge of the methods o{ the ngangas. King Msidi's eyes took in the whole scene with- They were clever politicians and tricksters. They out seeming to see anything. He saw Mataya, would bear watching, especially the wily Tombo. now middle-aged, beginning to grow fat like him- Msidi knew that Tombo had good reason to hate self. She was sitting on the ground near her elder Mataya, for she had once reported his plots to son and favorite. The king did not like this son, Msidi in time to frustrate them. Tombo had laid in wait to get his revenge. LUBA WITCH DOCTORS WITH THEIR IMPLEMENTS OF TRADE Molenga, Msidi's brother, had been the one sent nor did he trust him; but always preferred Muti. to fight the rebel villagers and Muti had been sent Perhaps Mungo had killed Muti to get him out of with him. Molenga now sat at one side with a the way. "Yes," thought Msidi, "and he might do hundred or more of his warriors around him. He the same to me if he got the chance. Well, the might need them. One never knew. If worst chance had not come yet." came to worst he would die fighting and not like a dog. His lips tightened and he ground his From the corner of his eye he caught a glimpse teeth. of Tava's face. A beauty! As beautiful as a diamond-backed puff-adder and just as trust- Molenga was also superstitious, and he was likeworthy! She was ready to strike now with her wise shrewd. He and Tombo had been together deadly fangs. Today it was Mataya and her son. from youth; they had wrestled and fought to- Tomorrow she would strike the king, if she gether and had engaged in games of skill. They thought her would-be paramour, Tombo, could get had also experimented at witchcraft and knew the throne. Tava would bear watching. something of these clever sleight-of-hand per- formances. He knew Tombo's ambition; he would In the open space in front of Msidi sat the get rid of Mataya and Mungo; then he, Molenga, clever Tombo and his group of ngangas (witch would be next and the final blow would be aimed doctors) divining with bones, stones, toe-nails, at Msidi. bits of leaves, bark, elephants' tails and all sorts Molenga mentally decided that Tava, that slim beauty with the eyes and heart of a cobra, would also bear watching.

Tombo rose to his feet like a man in a trance. The bones had spoken and as chief nganga he must give their message. He began to sing in a dreary wail and to sway from side to side, holding the onlookers spellbound. He reminded Msidi of a snake about to strike.

"Muti come to the hut of Mataya," he chanted in high falsetto. "He want gun; he with Molenga go fight. Mungo say, 'Why you go? Msidi no love you; chief he no love me. Why must we fight his battles?' "

A murmur like distant thunder greeted these words, for the mob felt that Mungo was as good as dead already. How their fingers itched to get at him! The witch-doctor continued: "Mataya now say to Mungo, 'Unfwa, listen! Give him gun. What matter if he be killed! It is not the king who will mourn him. Let him go and die.' "

That seemed to settle Mataya's doom. "This is the word of the spirits," wailed Tombo, "this is the word of Tombo and the ngangas who divine the things of darkness. This is the word

"IN THE REIGN OF KING MSIDI"

of Muti who speaks by the divining. Tombo give two prisoners. His heart was sick with the con- Muti charms. No bullet can hit Muti when he stant witchcraft, bloodshed and violence. wears the charms. Muti sleep; in the darkness the evil spirit of Mungo come out of his body and It took extraordinary faith and grit for Fred go to Muti. His spirit take away the charms and Arnot to spend five of youth's best years in getgo back the same night to Mungo's own body. The ting to this capital of Msidi. It took courage to next morning Muti go to battle without charms. keep on going toward the city when he was told The bullet come; it pierce the body of Muti; he that Msidi had vowed to place the head of the die. He know then that his mother, Mataya, and first white who should enter on a long, sharp stick his brother, Mungo, they make him die." in the center of the capitaL In another minute the savage mob would dash A KATANGA WITCH DOCTOR IN FULL DRESS the two victims to death, tearing them apart. The people insanely thirsted for blood. Yet not one But Fred Arnot never wavered. He spoke to of them dared to lift a finger until the king spoke. God about it and then went calmly forward. His For a few seconds King Msidi was silent, but he head was still on his own shoulders, and he was dared not keep the mob waiting long. now expecting the arrival of two other white men -Swan and Faulkner. Then he could leave for Once he loved Mataya. She has been true to Scotland, recuperate after five years of extreme him. Tava could rouse his passion, but he could hardship and return with reinforcements. never trust her. Still he must not lose his hold on this herd of dogs. Hyenas! How he hated them! As soon as Msidi received the news of the com- No one had any clue to the thoughts behind the ing white men he saw a way whereby he could king's masked'face. At last he spoke: save his face and his wife and son also. With his usual dignity, he rose to his feet and said in a "The spirits say that Mataya and her son are clear, loud voice, "I must haste to send messenguilty of the death of Muti. I, Msidi, will see gers to meet the white man. You are dismissed. that my son is shot dead. I will hold Mataya that The white man shall not find blood when he comes. she may see it done. I will attend to her later. This is my son; this is my wife. Let no one touch them. I am Msidi, and I will do the execution."

It was a daring thing even for the powerful tyrant; but he liked to do daring things. He loved to do the unexpected and to show his power. Whether he could have curbed the madness of the superstitious crowd would have been hard to say. But at that very moment a runner pushed his way through the crowd and, throwing himself at Msidi's feet, rubbed white clay on his face and chest and shoulder to show that he had a white heart. Then he sat back on his heels and clapped his hands three times.

"Mutende (peace) ," said the chief. "Speak r What news?"

"I come from the Abalungu, white men. Two suns ago one he sleep at Molenga. The other, he sick; come polipoli (slowly). The mulungu is on the path now and arrives today. I come to tell his message."

Tava veiled the passionate hatred in her black eyes and Mataya hid her sudden joy and relief behind her lids. As for the volatile crowd, it now forgot all about the two victims in the excitement of a white man arriving, for in those days white men were scarce in Central Africa.

Only one white man had so far dared venture into Msidi's kingdom. The missionary, Fred Arnot, had come and at this moment was standing on his little verandah on the hill overlooking the town and wondering what would be the fate of the

I give Mataya my pardon. My son must go to a hideous, wanton, callous cruelty which the young far country. I will not have him here. I have missionary could never forget.

spoken." On another occasion, when young Swan re- That same day Msidi received Mr. Charles A. turned from hunting to supply his need for meat, Swan, as he had received Mr. Arnot. He was as he entered the town, he saw two of the king's even more cordial, and much to the embarrass- soldiers rush out upon two women and run them ment of the young man Msidi sent him a present through with their long spears, and drag the of fifty wives, each one loaded with grain. It hearts from the victims before their bodies fell to was a ticklish situation, for there was reason to the ground.

fear that, if the women went back discarded, they He went to the chief and denounced the men would all be put to death. Mr. Swan managed who had committed the brutal outrage, but Msidi to refuse them in a way not to offend Msidi, and looked at him with a slight twinkle of amusement the women were taken back into the king's harem. and, speaking as to a fractious child, said, sooth- ingly, "There! there! Swana, why make such a Later, when he was better acquainted with fuss! They were only women!" Msidi, Mr. Swan said to him, "Msidi, how many wives do you have?" One day the chief sent for him to come and greet his favorite wife, Chitompe, who had just The king gave him a sly wink and said, "Did come back from a war expedition. "On reaching you ever try to count the raindrops as they fall '! the king's place," said Swan, "we saw the King Neither can I count my wives. Perhaps there are coming out with a head-dress of parrots' tail five hundred. But I will let you have half of feathers; his body and his arms were covered them." Msidi had a sense of humor. with cloth of gaudy colors, and his face whitened with pipe clay (sign of a white heart). The king was proud of having a white man in his capital. He was shrewd enough to realize that "Then came Chitompe, borne on her litter, he could not always keep out the white men, and dressed in a similar manner. The warriors folit would be well to have a missionary at court as lowed, walking slowly and singing their war a friend, or, perhaps, as a buffer. chant, while the skulls of their victims were car- ried either in their hands or dangling from their He often classed himself with the white men waists; one even had a skull hanging from his and would say to his subjects: "We are not dogs teeth. They began a monotonous dance amidst like you Bantu."

But he never quite understood the white man's the firing of guns, and then in an orderly manner, morals and tried to develop in him a more Spar- one by one, brandishing their spears, they laid tan character. He called Swan, "Swana," and the skulls at the feet of the king."

one day said, "Swana, there is to be a fine, official, Msidi was kind to his "Swana," but it was formal execution of prisoners, and I want you to hopeless to try to turn him from his evil ways. come and see it." At times he was like a kindly old Grandfather This was equivalent to a command and, though Jekyll, and then suddenly he would become a Mr.

the white man did not relish attending, he decided Hyde. Frequently he would arise from a night's that he could not avoid it. Both Arnot and Swan sleep or debauchery in one of his worst moods and were fearless hunters for game, but neither could would snarl, "M-m-m! Something's wrong. I feel countenance cruelties. Hoping that the execution it in my bones. It will not be right till I smell would have some semblance of dignity, Mr. Swan blood." Then he would give orders to have some met the chief and they went to the place of execu- poor wretch brought to his house and killed be- tion. Then he realized that the affair was consid- fore his eyes. "Swana" would try to reason with ered in the light of a fine sport. The poor him, but when in his better moods the king would wretches were trussed firmly and placed on their say patronizingly, "Ta, ta! Swana. You don't knees at regular intervals in a long row. Opposite know these dogs. I do. I know how to deal with each prisoner was an executioner-great, brawny them. This is the only way to keep them in savages, each with a long knife or cutlass in his hand."

hand. When all was ready, Msidi gave the signal, "They were a wild, savage lot," said Mr. Swan and the executioners all started at full speed. On forty years later; slaves which he had captured reaching the victim, each struck a tremendous for the most part, and, while fear made them blow just over the left shoulder blade, and, if the obey, they hated him and he knew that many were blow was a success, he reached in and pulled out ready to kill him at the first opportunity.

the heart with a jerk. The one who did this first Eventually the thing which Msidi most feared was the winner and tossed the still palpitating came to pass. The Belgian officials arrived to es- heart back and forth among his fellows. It was tablish their government in the country. The

chief called "Swana" and told him to drive the to go to the sea without expense." He bade Msidi white men away. But Mr. Swan told the chief farewell, never to see him again.

of the pact made in Europe and that it was not The discovery of copper took Msidi into the possible to send them away. Captain Marinel copper country where he was warmly welcomed asked the young English missionary to act as in- by the chief, Katanga. Copper has been the terpreter, and he agreed on condition that there means of opening up all Central Africa and has should be no fighting started by the white men. resulted in the establishment of two large mining At the close of the interview the chief ordered centers-Elisabethvil1e and Panda-Likasi (now his men to clean out some large huts which were renamed J adotvi11e) . The latter is only sixty kilbeing occupied by his wives in the center of the ometers from Bunkeya, where Msidi's son, Mwentown, and these were turned over to Captain Mar- da, now lives. Motor roads lead from the capital inel and his men. to the railroad which intersects the whole conti- An hour or so later, while Mr. Swan was stand- nent from Lobito Bay on the west to Beira on the ing on the outskirts of the capital, chatting with east. the white men whose loads were being carried into the huts now ready for them, it seemed as Forty years passed before Mr. Swan saw Bun- 'if a gatling gun had suddenly gone mad. Bullets keya and the Katanga again. As he entered the flew in every direction, followed by shrieks of the wounded and terror-stricken inhabitant&. Before they could recover from their surprise, there came a tremendous explosion, and soon the grass roofs burst into flame. It seemed as if the entire town would be burned.

In the haste to carry out the chief's orders, the floors of the huts had been hastily swept, and the cooking fire, which is always in the center of a hut on the dirt floor, was not carefully cleared away.

The porters brought in their loads, and dumped them down carelessly, glad to return to their own country near Bihe. Many of the loads containing ammunition were dumped on the hot fireplaces where a few live coals still remained. The cartridges soon voiced their resentment and bedlam ensued. Msidi seemed quite indifferent to the loss of the huts or of the fifty or more people who were killed and wounded. Mr. Swan suspected he was glad so much ammunition was destroyed.

Captain Marinel suggested that Mr. Swan ac- LUBA. QUEEN AT KABONGO company him to Lusambo as interpreter and that (Note the Egyptian type af face) he then go down the river to Boma and to Eng- capital a host of neatly dressed Christians came land for a much-needed holiday. When he told out to meet him, singing hymns of praise and the chief that he was leaving, Msidi showed fear thanksgiving to God. It was an overwhelming for the 1irst time. "Don't go, 'Swana'," he begged sight for the man who had lived four years in with foreboding. "If you go the white man will those early days amid cruelty and bloodshed. kill me." But Arnot had already returned to Africa with a party of missionaries, and Dan Craw- "No one dared to accept Christ in those days," ford and a companion would likely reach Msidi's he said. "He would have been killed instantly town any day. had such a thing been known. The only man I ever knew to be converted in my time fled to a "It will depend on you," he told Msidi, "whether distant tribe where hE:' won many to Christ before or not you are killed. I have tried to be a true he dared return after the death of Msidi. . friend, but this wholesale murder cannot go on As soon as Msidi was ki11ed, the people scattered, forever. You would not believe me, and now you for most of them were captives and slaves. have begun to distrust my friendship. I can do no more, and other friends are near at hand. I "What changes we see today! They are inam worn down with hardship and fever, and have credible. Think of a beautiful church in Elisano money to travel, but this offer will enable me bethville and Christian natives to fill it! It is nothing short of a miracle."

Gandhi or Christ In

By C. L. SURY, B. A., LL. B. Lahore, India M AHATMA GANDHI'S pronouncement on tians showed their willingness to forego rights on the place of the Christian missionary en- the basis of communalism, so that the Christian terprise in the national regime for community was the only minor group to take a which he is working has caused a certain amount patriotic stand in the fundamental problem of miof concern amongst the serious-minded Chris- norities. Christian patriotism is rewarded with tians. It brings to the front a very important an injunction forbidding us share our spiritual aspect of religious liberty in India. The issue is experience with others. all the more grave because the Indian Nationalist leader, in spite of the professed largeness of his Mahatma Gandhi's conception of religious truth soul, has singled out one minor community-the is evident when he says that one religion is as Christians-to be the target of his observations good as another and that India does not need regarding what he calls "proselytizing." spiritual light from abroad. Truth is universal and is therefore incapable of being regarded the Mr. Gandhi's own co-religionist, Mr. Rama- property of anyone race or nation. But one peonand Chatterji, President of the last conference ple may have a much clearer view of truth than of the Hindu Maha Sabha in Karachi, declared another. that "the Hindus should be conceded their rights of proselytizing." That statement evidently has Dr. Wendell Thomas, who has made an exgone unchallenged by the Hindu Mahatma. No haustive study of the Hindu movements in the member of the National Congress has thought it United States of America, clearly shows in his fit to comment on the declaration of the President book "Hinduism Invades America" that none of of Maha Sabha. those movements could have made any progress if the Hindu missionaries had not been supported The Mahatma apparently is afraid to touch the by American admirers. Maulvi Sadar-ud-Din of major minority group, the Mohammedans, for he Sialkot, who, until his return to India, was the desires to cultivate a sort of peace mentality. Imam of Woking Mosque in London, has a ro- Anyone acquainted with the missionary work mantic tale to tell of the Ahamadiya Mission in which is being energetically carried on by the England. Ahamadiyas of Lahore and Qadian, can foresee the communal opposition which would follow if Dr. E. Stanley Jones, one of the most precious Moslems were denied the right to propagate their gifts of America to India, once illustrated the faith among others and to make converts to Islam. spirit of tolerance by quoting Voltaire, who said, The right to win converts is an important element "I disagree with everything you say, and yet I of both the Mohammedan and Christian religions. would fight to the death for your right to say it." On this, in the last analysis, will hang the satisfac·· As a follower of Jesus Christ, my Master in a tory solution of the communal problems in India. democratic form of government, I have a right to say that without personal regeneration through Indian Christians make suitable material for faith in Christ no one can have a clear concepa stable and constitutional government. This tion of political freedom. Mahatma Gandhi has fact, stated by the Bishop of Portsmouth, is sub- a right to accept the Sermon on the Mount as stantiated in times of political crises. At the truth, but not one has a right to restrict my lib- Round Table Conference, Indian Christians were erty to proclaim this Gospel as it has been made the only minor community whose representative, real to me. the late Mr. K. T. Paul, repudiated communal representation. This was done in the interest of No Christian believes in merely adding to the India's national welfare at a time when other number of adherents, but we believe in the evanmajor communities were fighting over the distri- gelization of the world. As evangelical bebution of the political loaves and fishes. lievers, we are witnesses and not advocates. In the words of the Master, "We speak that we do In the statement submitted by the Indian Chris- know and testify that we have seen." tian Conference to the Simon Commission, Chris- [284 ] MR. M. K. GANDHI AS A STUDENT AT OXFORD MAHATMA GANDHI AS A LEADER IN INDIA There is no freedom more fundamental than the Indians, as a nation, are communally-minded right to belie've and true liberty includes the right and as citizens we are sadly lacking in publicto share with others our experience of God's sal- spiritedness. Recent riots and our political convation. Christian conversion is a matter of first ferences serve as good mirrors showing us our old hand knowledge, both intellectually and experi- nature that needs to be changed. mentally. All men stand in need of spiritual conversion of this kind. Regeneration is a cre- Education may improve our old nature but canative act of God's spirit and is made possible by not change its essentials. Education is therefore entire surrender to God as he is made manifest inadequate. We need a thorough transformation in the person of Jesus Christ, the first step there- in our sense of values and in our very nature fore being an appropriating trust in Jesus Christ through direct contact with Him who is the Truth. as our personal Saviour. This will help us to become Christlike. "Truth shall make you free." My prayer therefore is that India may learn to appropriate both truth and freedom.

Why Missionaries Seek Converts Mr. Gandhi has been advising missionaries to keep to their philanthropy and to drop their efforts at conversion. He is interpreted to have implied that he would drive out missionaries if he could unless they were willing to accept his terms. His views of religion are those of a Hindu. A Hindu with his deeply-rooted belief in destiny cannot believe in converting others or in letting them convert him. Gandhi most definitely advocates that a man should abide in his own ancestral religion. This is part of the doctrine of Swadeshi. The missionaries listen to him courteously, and go on with their work in all its completeness, for Christianity is not like Hinduism in this matter-for it conversion is an essential doctrine.

EDWARD SHILLITO.

Christian Approach to the ]e-ws*

"~I By the REV. JJ'OewHishNWSor.kC, OBoNa~Nd IoNf NGa,tiDon. aDl .M, NisseiownsY, ork Tt. •.

Director of r Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

I T is a pathetic fact that the Christian Church semitism of Poland, Roumania, Germany, and in its approach to the Jews through the cen- other lands is driving the Jews in upon them- turies has rarely been Christian. Seldom has selves in self-defense. Though our own two it been wise. Prejudice and unchristian conduct, neighboring lands have given to the Jews a larger often fostered by an intolerant theology, have hid- liberty than they have ever known, there is yet den the face of Christ from the people that gave enough of prejudice and dislike to neutralize Him birth and with whose fol- much of the Christian mes- lowers they have always been sage. The Church that would in contact. The methods of ap- For hundreds of years the successfully interpret Christi- proach employed furnish the Jews in Europe were isolated anity to the Jews must give most shameful examples of in "the ghetto" or "Pale of diligence to the practice of its spiritual malpractice that any Settlement." The "Christian" fundamental ethic.

race has been called upon to approach to the Jews was In view of the number, qual- endure. with curses and reviling, with ity, and increasing influence of Across the years we see a sticks and stones. Is it any the Jewish people, it is amazpeople in an endless procession wonder that these Jews re- ing how little has been done by of suffering-here a massacre; viled in turn the Christian the Christian communions of Saviour? The result is seen there a multitude in exile; yon- in America today. But the North America to bring within der an auto-da-fe; at this point the sphere of their interest and communities of Jews driven in- atmosphere has c I ear e d. effort this historic race to to Christian churches on Holy Christians are studying the which they owe so great a debt. Cross Day to listen to tirades true "Christian approach to The first real steps that have the Jews" so as to commend against their faith and denun- the Gospel of Christ. Dr. Con- ever been taken by the Chrisciations 0 f the i r stubborn ning, who has been working tian forces of these two lands pride; at that point ignorant to consider unitedly their re- with and for Jews for nearly mobs, shouting "Christ-kill- half a century, presents here sponsibilities and opportuniers," perpetrating unutterable the way of approach that is ties within this field are of rewrongs against a defenseless cent origin.. Thirteen months the way of Christ. people-everywhere there have ago at the Home Missions Con- been legal discriminations and gress in Washington that great social ostracisms without num- representative body definitely ber. Scarcely a generation has passed since expressed its attitudes and convictions, and re- Pobiedonostieff, the Procurator of the Holy Rus- ferred to the Home Missions Council the task of sian Synod, set out to compel Jewish conformity appointing a committee through which the resolu- to the State Church by organizing pogroms in tions of the Congress might be translated into ac- Jewish communities. His policy, as he explained tion. Last May the International Missionary it, was: one-third will be slain, one-third will Council, under the leadership of Dr. John R. Mott, emigrate, and one-third will enter the Orthodox called together at Atlantic City a group of Chris- Church. tian leaders representing various Christian agen- It is against this background that Christianity cies in North America to consider the problems in America must make its approach to the Jews, connected with a Christian approach to the Jews.

for most of the Jewish people in this country have The findings of this conference are without doubt come from eastern Europe. Even now the anti- the most valuable contribution that has yet been • Report presented at the annual meeting of the Home Missions made to the study of this subject, and a North Council held in Toronto. January 4-6. 1932. American Committee was appointed to give effect [286 ] to the recommendations. The third and most tional practices have been faring badly. (2) important step was taken in September last, when Modern thought has made serious assaults upon these great missionary organizations decided to the citadel of orthodoxy. Science and philosophy coordinate their efforts in this field by the ap- have called in question its fundamental concepts pointment of a Joint Committee on the Christian and claims. They have scouted the notion of di- Approach to the Jews. This was made up of vine sanctions for its most hallowed customs. (3) representatives of the Home Missions Council, The secular spirit of our time which has been test- Council of Women, Federal Council and Interna- ing every faith has taken large toll from the synational Missionary Council. gogue.

The principles upon which such a service should The cumulative effect of these and other inflube projected are now rather well defined, but the ences has been to change the whole character and working out of an effective program carries us outlook of Jewish life. Departures from orthointo a field of relationships so complex that large doxy within Judaism may be roughly classified as sympathy and understanding are demanded. Conservative and Reform. All three, however, There are in addition unusual circumstances in constitute but a fraction of American Israel. The the Jewish life of America that emphasize the largest fraction, which renders no allegiance need and urgency of adventurous and construc- whatever to the synagogue, is comprised of at tive leadership. Indeed, there has probably been least three elements-the intellectuals, who have no period since Jesus walked the earth and Paul accepted a materialistic philosophy of life; the proclaimed his message in the synagogues of the working people, who have largely adopted socialdiaspora when the Christian faith had such an ism with its doctrine of human brotherhood as opportunity to commend itself to the Jewish peo- their religion; and that large class of well-to-do ple as it has today in America. irreligious, who give themselves to the pursuit of pleasure and gain. Modern Judaism This situation is giving the Jewish leaders the First, we should recognize that we have now in utmost concern. Their councils are filled with these western lands the largest and most influen- foreboding as to the whole future of their people. tial Jewry in the world. There are here approxi- Things are not as they were, and they realize that mately 5,000,000 Jews, one-third of the Jewish no amount of repining can turn back the hands population of the world. And here they are at on the dial. Their perplexity finds frequent and the peak of their experience with respect to free- varied utterance. Sometimes the blame is placed dom of opportunity, culture and achievement. In- on traditional Judaism and its failure to meet the dividuals and groups within Jewry will doubtless needs of modern life. Dr. S. M. Melamed thus occupy still larger places in the life of these two comments on orthodoxy in the Reflex: neighboring nations. Already the leadership of world Jewry has passed into their hands. What The Hebrew word galuth does not only signify disperhappens to the Jews in America will largely de- sion. Its true meaning today is "sighing under the yoke termine the future of their people throughout the of an oppressor." Rabbinic Judaism is a greater galuth world. In our plans for the extension of the for the Jew than all the oppressions of all the anti-semitic cause of Christ within our borders, we do well to governments combined. The reaction to oppression on the consider earnestly our relationship to this virile part of a government is either resistance or attempt at and resourceful people, who already sit at the revolution, but the reaction to the oppression of rabbinic springs of influence and give more than their Judaism is the destruction of the Jewish soul and mind. share of direction to the life of our people. Rabbinic Judaism is choking the Jews to death intel- lectually and spiritually. Then we should consider the revolutionary changes that have taken place in Jewish life and On the other hand, Reform Judaism also comes thought within recent years. The disappearance in for criticism because of its failure to meet the of the ghetto and the emergence of Jews into the present crisis in Jewish life. Dr. Solomon Goldcommon life of the world have had disastrous ef- man, in his recent book, "A Rabbi Takes Stock," fects upon their traditional beliefs and practices. says: In their new conditions they have met three disintegrating influences: The end of almost a century of religious conflict in Jewry finds neither Orthodoxy nor Reform with any vic- (1) Modern industrialism is a force with which tory to record: finds, rather, both so impoverished in spirorthodoxy had not reckoned, and against which it itual and intellectual resources that neither can hope to has been waging a losing battle. In the factory, meet the new chaJlenges of our own day. the warehouse, and the department store, the Saturday Sabbath, the dietary laws and other tradi- Another utterance in the same key was recently sounded by Rabbi Stephen S. Wise of New York, in one of his sermons on "The Agony of Israel," when he said:

The agony of Israel is that we bear ourselves for the Jewish working people socialism has taken the most part as if there were nothing to safeguard, nothing place of Judaism. They claim that its emphasis more to cherish, nothing left to preserve, and as if there on brotherhood and its call to humanitarian servwere to be no future-this the end. Religion! Are we ice adequately replaces the faith of their fathers. not becoming its destroyers rather than its guardians? Others are seeking satisfaction in new thought, There is something which calls itself religion current in ethical culture, theosophy, spiritism, Christian certain smug circles of Jewisb life bere and in otber Science and other modern cults. lands. For the most part it is nothing more than a poor pulseless imitation or simulation of a decorously unvital Christianity also is having its chance. The old mysticism. And save for this there is little, if any, so- antagonisms, bred in eastern Europe, grow less called religion in the household of Israel-orthodoxy being virulent in the free atmosphere of America, and almost as dead as reform. as the older generations pass. Jews today are more open-minded than they have been for many The difficulty of maintaining a Jewish life centuries. Many are examining the faith from under modern conditions is frankly recognized. which their fathers have been so long estranged. In one of his essays dealing with current religious They are reading the New Testament and other problems, Rabbi Mordecai M. Kaplan says: Christian literature. They are listening to mes- sages over the radio, and occasionally they visit The most heartbreaking disillusionment which we Jews Christian churches. A considerable number, dishave faced in our entire history has been the one follow- satisfied with Judaism, are finding the answer to ing the removal of our civil and political disabilities. The their deepest longings in the faith of Christ. It least we expected was that we would henceforth find it is estimated that at least 20,000 are now identified easier to be Jews. The fact is that it was never so hard with Protestant Christianity in America. to be a Jew as nowadays. Perhaps the most significant movement in Jew- The tie that binds most Jews together today is race rather than religion. A Jewish author and ish life within our generation is the changing atstudent of Jewish life remarked to me recently, when I suggested the possibility of a revival of titude of Jews toward Jesus. For fifteen cen- Judaism: "Religion is no longer a factor in J ewish life." It is for this reason that many Jewish turies no reputable Jew ever named that name. leaders are placing their reliance upon Jewish culture, rather than religion, for the survival of But the long silence ended definitely when Profestheir people. This is the underlying motive in modern Zionism. It is hoped that by a return to sor Klausner of the Hebrew University, Jerusathe ancient homeland of many thousands of Jews there will come about a quickening of national lem, published in Hebrew for Hebrew readers his consciousness which will stimulate Jewish life throughout the world. Arthur Ruppin declares scholarly and critical study, "Jesus of Nazareth." Zionism to be "the last desperate stand of the Jews against annihilation." The Zionist hopes of This has been followed by such volumes as Emil Jewish leaders, however, are not being realized as fully or as rapidly as they had planned. The Bal- Ludwig's "Son of Man," and Rabbi Trattner's four Declaration, as interpreted by the British Government, affords no basis for the aspirations "As a Jew Sees Jesus." The value of these studof extreme Zionists for an all-Jewish Palestine. The presence in the ancient homeland of an Arab ies in giving Jesus His proper setting in Jewish and Christian population five times greater than that of the Jews, who also claim their rights in life may be freely acknowledged, but the Jesus the land through many generations, must necessarily postpone the realization of Zionist dreams they portray is not the Jesus of the New Testato an indefinite future. ment or of Christian experience. It is a purely Religions Among the Jews human portrait that is set before us. In a day It would be a mistake, however, to think of the Jews as an irreligious people. The religious in- ~hen Christians generally are learning to apprestinct lies deep in the heart of the Jew, and many devout Jews within the synagogue bear testimony CIate the Man of Nazareth, as He is seen against to the spiritual values which they are finding in the practices of the ancient faith. Even among the background of His own land and of His own the large number who have forsaken the synagogue there are many who are eagerly searching times, Jewish authors do not hesitate to say that elsewhere for spiritual satisfaction. For young He was nothing more than that-the product of Jewish development on Jewish soil, a Jew who lived and died a Jew, who never claimed divinity, and never dreamed of founding a new religion.

Here we have a distinct challenge to the Church_ We need, in answer Jtoesutsh.eseThveoluJmeweis~h a new apologetic concerning situa- tion demands this of us.

From whatever point of view we regard this re- markable people we are summoned to consider what our approach to them should be. Any worthwhile Christian approach should include the following: (1 ) Understanding and appreciation. One reason why the work of interpreting Christ and

THE CHRISTIAN APPROACH TO THE JEWS

Christianity to the Jew has advanced so haltingly problem we have to face in a Christian approach. is that few Christians really know the Jew. He While there are in all our churches gracious souls lives in our midst and shares our common activi- who have conquered racial antipathies, there are ties. It is taken for granted that he is actuated also those who have never been delivered from the by the same motives, sees things from the same sway of primitive instincts and unregulated angle, and responds to the same appeals as our- prejudices. Any effective approach to the Jews selves. But the soul of the Jew is his own. He therefore involves a thoroughgoing educational has his own heritage. He has been shaped by his program in all our churches for the eradication own traditions. He views things through his of prejudices and the creation of truly Christian own eyes, and applies his own standards of meas- attitudes. The church cannot successfully at the urement. The constant complaint of the Jew is same time preach its Gospel and deny its fundathat he is misunderstood and that his religion is mental ethic. misrepresented. An important step in the cultivation of better This charge, without doubt, is largely true. Few attitudes was taken by your Joint Committee in Christians know anything of Jewish history sub- sending out the following message concerning our sequent to the New Testament period. They have relations with our Jewish neighbors at the Christlittle understanding of the long struggle for sur- mas season which was signed by the heads of alvival that has marked the passage of the Jews most all the church bodies and Christian organthrough the centuries, of the ill-will, injustice and izations in the United States and Canada: persecutions to which they have been subjected. They do not dream of the chasms of misconcep- At this season when the Christmas message of peace to tion and prejudice that separate Jews from Chris- men and good will is being sounded through the world, tians, of the bitter memories of personal and ra- we Christians of the United States and Canada, mindful cial wrongs that are cherished, of the unyielding that this message was first proclaimed in the land of attitude of opposition to Christianity that has be- Israel to the Jewish people and that it has come to us come an integral part of the Jewish tradition. through them, earnestly seek to emphasize its significance for us today believing that the message from ancient And, strange to say, little has been done to Palestine, if truly accepted, can mellow and exalt all hubring within the sphere of modern missionary man relationships and hasten the time when men shall study this great people whose religion is so closely dwell together in peace. identified with our own, and whose progress down the years furnishes more of vital knowledge, in- We deplore the long record of wrongs from which the terest and inspiration than can be drawn from Jewish people have suffered in the past, often from the the history of any other non-Christian people. We hands of those who have professed the Christian faith have textbooks for Indians and Mexicans, for and who have yet been guilty of acts utterly alien to Orientals and Negroes, but none for the race of Christian teaching and spirit. Jesus. Very evidently we are not going to get very far on our journey toward the Jew until we We declare our disavowal of anti-semitism in every form know something about his background and his and our purpose to remove by every available means its mental characteristics. causes and manifestations in order that we may share with our fellow citizens of Jewish heritage, every political, The Christian Attitude Toward Jews educational, commercial, social, and religious opportunity.

(2) In a Christian approach to the Jews there We urge upon Christians everywhere the cultivation of must be the cultivation of right attitudes. It is understanding, appreciation, and good will toward the a strange fact that Jews have rarely been popular Jewish people to whom we owe so much. We call upon all citizens in the lands of their sojourn. There are Christians as they commemorate the birth of Jesus at few lands in the world today in which it is not a Christmas this year, to join us, through personal influence, serious handicap to be a Jew. Even in our own the teaching of the young at ho.me and school, and in other land there is, in places, a pronounced anti-Jewish ways, in earnestly seeking the removal of anti-Jewish sentiment. Jews find themselves excluded from prejudices and their consequences and the advent of a certain hotels, apartment houses, clubs, and new era of friendly fellowship and cooperation w.orthy of schools, and in seeking employment they often the faith we profess. face the legend, "No Jew need apply." To a highly sensitive people such discrimination is a (3) In an approach to the Jews use should be constant irritation. Slights may be harder to made of existing agencies. The traditional apbear than blows. It is the existence of this proach to the ,Jew has been through a mission in spirit, in some measure within the Christian a ghetto, which dealt with immigrant Jews church, that constitutes the most embarrassing through Yiddish addresses and Yiddish litera- ture. As conditions of Jewish life change this method of approach can no longer meet in any adequate way the Jewish situation. The ghetto is no longer characteristic of Jewish life, and Yid- dish is less and less used by American Jews. The great majority of Jews today live in American neighborhoods, sharing the life of the people about them. They resent being singled out from

their neighbors for a separate Christian ap- working and aggressive and claim more than proach. For this unreached multitude, scattered their share of honors, with the result that preju- over many thousands of neighborhoods, new dices are aroused, and out of prejudices are born methods are necessary. ostracisms and dislike. The growing anti-semi- Fortunately we have in this country an un- tism in our educational institutions will test our paralleled opportunity to bring the Jewish people resourcefulness to the utmost. Conferences with within the range of Christian influence. Accord- student leaders, seminars, and round table confering to the "American Jewish Year Book" Jews ences of the Stanley Jones type are necessary are living in 9,712 different places in the United steps in the removal of bitterness and the mellow- States. The situation in Canada, in proportion ing of student contacts.

to the population, is quite similar. The signifi- (4) An approach to the Jews also calls for a cance of this fact is that today ninety-five per ministry of interpretation. It is important here cent of the Jewish people on this continent are that Christians should clarify their objectives in living in proximity to Christian churches or their approach to the Jewish people. Jews charge Christian neighborhood houses. There are many Christians with cherishing the deliberate purpose thousands of churches of the denominations rep- of destroying Judaism, the religion in whose resented in this Council that have Jews living in bosom Christianity was nourished, and the syna- their own parishes, and many of the neighborhood gogue, the spiritual home of Christ and all his houses have also Jews living at their doors. Ob- apostles. As a people engaged in an eternal viously we can no longer think of our responsi- struggle for survival in the midst of an alien en- bility to the Jews in terms of a mission here and vironment, such efforts are regarded with resent- there in a ghetto, we must think of them also in ment and with the determination to resist them terms of the many thousands of churches and to the uttermost. It is from the standpoint of neighborhood houses under the shadow of which survival that we must interpret most of the oppo- they are now living. We have here a normal, sition that Christianity encounters from the Jew- effective, and God-given opportunity to do some- ish people.

thing really worth while for the Jewish people. In this connection it is important for us to con- The local church and the neighborhood house have sider whether our aim is to proselytize and build in many ways the advantage. Hundreds of up the church at the expense of the synagogue or churches have already discovered that Jews, in- to evangelize or share with our Jewish brethren stead of being unreachable, are as responsive as the spiritual treasures we have found in Jesus other people to an intelligent and sympathetic Christ. So long as the synagogue refuses to have Christian approach. There is here a very call of fellowship with those of their own number who God to every church having Jewish neighbors. If have found in Christ God's answer to the cry of every church in the United States and Canada their hearts for peace and pardon and spiritual facing this opportunity accepted in some sp~cific power, so long will it be inevitable that such Jews way its responsibility, the aggregate of service will seek in the church the fellowship that is dewould far exceed anything that has hitherto been nied them in the synagogue. But that is the prob- attempted. lem of the synagogue and not of the church.

Such a service calls for conference with pastors Our primary concern is to share with the Jews and church leaders for the enlistment of local the evangel, the good news that centers in the perchurches in this program, and the organization of son of Jesus. As expressed in a finding of the groups for study and service. It also involves Atlantic City Conference: "We believe that, courses of lectures in seminaries for the prepara- having found in Jesus Christ, our Redeemer, the tion of those who will furnish future leadership supreme revelation of God and having discovered in this work. our fellowship with Him to be our most priceless There is also an alluring opportunity for serv- treasure and the only adequate way to spiritual ice among Jewish students in our colleges and life, we should have an overmastering desire to universities through student pastors and other share Him with others and very specially with Christian workers. This is a field that has those who are His own people according to the scarcely been touched and yet, if we are to mold flesh."

the relationships of our Jewish and Christian Anyone who is familiar with the approach of leaders of tomorrow, it is here that we must be- the Church to the Jews from the second century stow our earnest attention and ripest thought. on, must stand aghast at its failure to present to The number of Jewish students in our higher them the Christ. Of bigotry, controversy and schools of learning is out of all proportion to their antagonism they have had more than enough.

percentage of the population. They are hard Through such things the face of the greatest Jew

of history has been veiled from their eyes. It is to enter the whitened harvest field also emphanow our high privilege to make Him known in sizes the need of a united and worthwhile apterms of sympathy and understanding. The su- proach. Here for the first time in history Jews preme need of the Jews is Jesus Christ. Bewil- in large numbers are in contact with Evangelical dered and groping for their way, He is the an- Christianity, and they present to us the most swer to their quest. He is now beginning to searching test of its reality and power. There emerge in Jewish thought from the mists that can be no assured future for Gentile Christianity have enveloped Him. . They are coming under the in these western lands if we fail to discover an spell of His matchless personality, but they do not effective approach to the Jews. If we are sucknow Him. That requires contact with those cessful, it will have its repercussions throughout who have an experience to share and a spirit to the world. The work is vast and complex, and it exhibit. The supreme need in this field is inter- is only through our joint endeavors that we can preters. To enlist and prepare them is the find a solution for this age-long problem. To Church's urgent task, for the interpretation of bring about a rapprochement of Jews and Chris- Christ to the Jew requires more than words, it tians for the establishment of the Kingdom of demands the whole life. God within our borders is the responsibility that rests upon us and calls for our best thought, our This brief conspectus of the Jewish situation willing cooperation and our earnest prayers. on this continent and of the providential challenge Missions and the Present Crisis* The history of the Church shows that new op- to bear one another's burdens. Opportunities for portunity and fresh responsibility come at such sacrifice will emerge, which will throw men and times as these. The central fact in human affairs women back on God and draw them into closer is that Christ stands in the midst of His Church, Christian fellowship with one another. And as the very Word of God, identifying Himself with we realize that the situation contains the possihuman life and giving to men faith and hope and bility of such spiritual gains for all of us we shall love. The crisis is a trumpet call to turn all eyes be stirred to ensure that nothing God requires to God. from us shall be wanting.

The missionary societies have a special contrib- The young churches in non-Christian lands must ution to bring into the response of the Church to this call of God. They represent its world-wide have a special place in the hearts and prayers of mission and direct its work overseas, a work beset at the moment with great problems, but at- the home churches in this time of crisis. These tended with the most inspiring success. churches, ranging from large' communities to To the missionary committees will fall the task of adjusting resources to needs, but the necessary small isolated groups, are the sure pledge of the adjustments can be carried through with a sympathy and an understanding that will make the great world-wide Church of Christ that is to be. work not a hateful task but a sacrament. Christian statesmanship is called for so that the ad- They are all facing heavy odds with great courjustment of policy to the new situation may be truly constructive. Enriching cooperation is made age. The crisis will make big demands on them, possible as we get closer together to ensure that, while economies have to be effected, the Christian and it is our privilege to enter into such a deeper witness is not lessened but rather strengthened. fellowship with them, as they too make their sac- The supporters of the work-responding sacrificially, while themselves so hard hit-and the rifice, as may make the crisis a blessing both to missionary committees may both acquire a keener sense of stewardship as they envisage the position them and to us. The needs of the situation will of the men and women representing them on the frontiers of the Kingdom, and the hopes and fears call each member of the younger churches to more of the young churches in non-Christian lands. The missionary work of the Church is one of the great devoted personal service, and they will have much schools where at this time we may all learn anew to teach us of their experience of God in Christ • A Message from the Standing Committee of the Conference of Missionary Societies in Great Britain and Ireland. as they shoulder larger responsibilities and rely more entirely upon Him. '

Those who believe that in Christ lies the hope of the world will reckon up anew their resources in God. All the difficult roads of these days of crisis lead to God if we choose to turn our steps to Him. He has much to say to His Church if we only listen. The Church was founded and its mis- sionary work entrusted to it just for days like these. .

Lift up your hearts. We lift them up unto the Lord.

Parish Turner-A Friend

FelloV Servant D"lucaj By the REV. J. LOVELL MURRAY, D. Toronto, Canada 11="

Director of the Canadian School of Missions, Formerly Educa- tional Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement A FEW weeks ago there passed from view and the intercommunal fellowship of all Christian be- .I".. entered into the greater life, a prince of lievers. friends and a stalwart among the servants In the year 1897 he married Rose Vaughan, of of the missionary enterprise. He was distinctly Nashville, who continued to the end an inspira- a leader, but the word tion to her husband and a "servant" is the truer term tower of strength in his to write across his record. work. In the year of his He aspired only to be use- marriage Turner was called ful; it was his personal by the Student Volunteer gifts and qualifications that Movement to be its General kept him in the front line. 'Secretary. Those were the Fennell P. Turner was "early days" of the great born in Danielsville, Tennes- movement, which originated see, on February 25, 1867, at Mount Hermon in 1886 the son of Rev. W. A. Tur- and was formally organized ner, a minister of the Metho- two years later.. When Tur- dist Episcopal C h u r c h, ner took the lead in its first South. While still a Van- decade, its spurs had been derbilt University under- won and the crusading pas- graduate, he was for two sion of its youthful years years principal of Dixon continued to be powerful in Academy. He was gradu- the colleges. It was still in a ated in 1891 and entered formative period, its tech- Vanderbilt Theological Sem- nique was in the making and inary and also became as- many 'college presidents and sistant editor and business professors, mISSIOn board manager of the Tennessee leaders and religious jour- Methodist. Religious jour- nalists in the United States nalism won the competition and Canada were dubious for his interest, for he about its value and its per- dropped his theological work manency. It was Fennell after the first year and con- Turner, together with John tinued with the paper till FENNELL PARISH TURNER R. Mott, who continued as 1895. It was a turning Chairman of the Executive point in his life when in that year he was ap- Committee from 1888 until 1923, who gave the pointed State Secretary for Tennessee of the Movement an established place in the sun of Young Men's Christian Association. That was academic and Church approval. Their strong, the beginning of an unbroken connection with in- wise and spiritual leadership kept the aim of the terdenominational activities that lasted for over Movement single and fervent, its genius distinc- thirty years. Yet he was always Church con- tive, its orientation true. There were many bat- scious. He was to the end a shining example of tles to be fought, misunderstandings to be cor- the compatability of intense loyalty to one's own rected, budgets to be balanced, problems of organ- communion and fervent, active enthusiasm for ization and relationship to be solved. But no one [ 292] ever saw Turner lose faith or hope, dodge a diffi- pointing candidate secretaries. Going further he culty or decline a responsibility. He gloried in conceived the idea of an inter-board organization the fact that the Movement was a movement and in 1911 brought about the formation of the rather than an organization and that it had never Board of Missionary Preparation. In addition to drawn up a formal constitution and by-laws. But his other work he carried the responsibility for he kept our minds fixed on what he called the this useful and growing agency until 1916 when "fundamental principles of the Movement." the double duty became too great and President These principles on which he rang the changes Frank K. Sanders of Washburn College was called are still an unwritten constitution and to them to be Director of the Board.

the Movement owes much of its growth and influ- ence. With the Foreign Missions Conference He was a ceaseless, and at times a feverish toiler. For example, he took elaborate pains with As General Secretary of the S.V.M., Dr. Turner the literary tasks that often fell to him. Besides made it a point to keep in close personal touch initiating some important missionary publica- with all the "sending societies." The secretaries tions, he wrote several -pamphlets and magazine of these boards came to look upon him as a valued articles and edited a number of volumes, includ- colleague and in the annual Foreign Missions Con- ing reports of the Student Volunteer Movement ference, which he always attended, they recog- and other gatherings. He was equally careful nized his wide knowledge, sound judgment and about every other aspect of the work. "Take organizational gifts by appointing him to various nothing for granted" was one of his slogans. He important committees. In 1918 he was made was early at his desk and usually he was the last Recording Secretary of the Conference and in the to leave in the evening. If, as was true probably following year he gave up the General Secretary- twice a week, a light was burning in the office at ship of the Student Volunteer Movement to be- night, it was almost invariably in Fennell's room, come full-time Secretary of the Conference and of for he was a familiar figure on the night trains to its interim committee, the Committee of Refer- Montclair, New Jersey, where the Motts and Tur- ence and Counsel. In this highly important posi- ners made their home together. He had a charge tion he remained until 1925. Missionary leaders to keep and he was true to it; he had a job to do of all communions in North America know with and he let it monopolize him. His colleagues al- what devotion and success he carried forward this ways found him taking up the heavy end. He work with its many ramifications during those six carried his work about with him. Often in the crowded years. For its present position of dead of night when he would be wakeful and strength and usefulness the Foreign Missions wrestling with a problem he would click on a Conference is deeply indebted to the sagacity and light to jot down some idea that occurred to him energy of Fennell Turner. It was a service be- or some item that must not be forgotten. He mas- yond price or praise to the cause of missions.

tered his work and was mastered by it. Though It was natural that his talents, his broad inter- powerful in frame, he had some physical weak- ests and extensive knowledge should be drafted nesses and with these he dealt faithfully in every freely by other organizations. He served on the way except resting. At times when his physician General Committee of the World's Student Chris- urged the necessity for a vacation, he would say, tian Federation, on the Board of the American "I found that out off my own bat. But I'm put- Christian Literature Society for Moslems, on the ting it up to you to get me back to par while I am Editorial Council of the Missionary Review of the in the saddle." He did not choose to dismount. World, on the International Missionary Council, During his energetic administration the Move- on the Executive Committee of the World Alli- ment advanced steadily in the confidence of the ance for Promoting International Friendship mission boards and in its hold upon the student through the Churches, and on the Administrative life of North America. Up to the year of his Committee of the Federal Council of the Churches resignation 8,140 Volunteers had begun their mis- of Christ in America. He was a delegate to the sionary service in all corners of the globe. World Missionary Conference in Edinburgh in He was one of the first to take up seriously the 1910 and to the International Missionary Confer- problem of missionary training, which is twin ence in Crans, Switzerland, in 1920. He attended brother to the problem of recruiting, although it in 1916 the Panama Congress of the Committee has only been tackled in earnest in recent years. on Cooperation in Latin America (having been a Turner canvassed the subject with board secre- member of the committee of arrangements) and taries, missionaries and professors of missions. in 1925 represented the Foreign Missions Confer- He arranged conferences on the subject. He ence at the Montevideo Conference, held under helped several boards to see the necessity of ap- the same auspices.

In all of these relationships he gave his best. deal to me. Fennell was continuously enrolled in That he was chosen for so many important serv- the great Academy of Friendship. And he was ices was a high tribute to his abilities and wis- an apt student.

dom. Further recognition came when Hope Col- We soon recognized that in a sincere and unlege, Michigan, conferred the degree of L.H.D., affected way his life was truly spiritual, anchored honoris causa and when the Vanderbilt University in the realities of Eternity and God. When he Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa elected him to mem- entered any group or activity he seemed to bership in 1931. strengthen its religious tone. He often spoke of In 1925 he relinquished the Secretaryship of the the danger of organizations being "concerned Foreign Missions Conference to become Secretary more with mechanics than with dynamics." His of Missionary Education and Foreign Extension example was a quiet challenge to his colleagues to of the General Sunday School Board of the Meth- be better men. We found him to be unselfish at odist Episcopal Church, South. This meant that all times. He was ready and glad to work with- he had "fetched a compass," for he was now back out recognition. He wanted results, not credit.

in his beloved Tennessee and in the particular Many an idea was set forth, for which the kudos service of the Church of his fathers. He was in- went to others. He was kindness incarnate.

vited in 1930 to become a member of the Fact While still a youth he undertook heavy obligations Finding Commission of the Laymen's Foreign in behalf of others which involved a sustained Missions Inquiry. He joined the section assigned self-denial through many years. But he found to India and spent a busy year in making inves- pleasure in carrying that load. And many an- tigations in that land and in writing his report. other load as well. Those immense shoulders This proved to be his last undertaking here. He overcrowded with duty and responsibility were returned in poor health and went to California to always hospitable to the burden of a troubled rest, hoping soon to be ready to resume work. person who came his way. But the Master of all good workmen had planned that his next assignment should be in another We were often made aware of his rigidity. He world. So on the night of February 9th last he was unyielding in his convictions and tenacious in went Home to God. his judgments. At times this was interpreted by some as stubbornness, especially when he would hold up the work of a committee to fight for his Elements of Strength point. But we who knew him best realized that it Every fellow-worker of Dr. Turner would agree was the attitude of a robust character with a keen that the great contribution he made to his gen- sense of responsibility. He was impatient with eration was not through his talents and his en- superficial thinking and with the attitude that ergy, but by the touch of his rich personality. change is to be reckoned as synonymous with How graciously potent it was! At our very first progress. So time and again he would be found meeting he impressed us all as a gentleman, every skating back from the forward line and preventinch-and there were six feet of inches-the per- ing an opponent's score by his solid defensive fect Southern gentleman. We rallied to a man so play. full of the joy of life, interested in a wide variety of things, jovial, optimistic, with a ready smile, a He impressed us by his bigness. He was a conhearty laugh and a flair for all that was sunny firmed interdenominationalist and internationaland funny. We saw in him a great lover ot ist. Conservative by nature, he was tolerant of men. People rather than organizations interested those who differed from him and he held the finhim. He gave time and attention to them lavishly est fellowship with men of widely varying belief and thought it well invested, even though it played and tradition. Always frank, always above board, havoc with his schedule. He was an enthusiastic he seemed able to look through incidentals to the personal Christian worker. He loved children. As essence of a matter. He thought in large terms and he did things in a generous, noble way.

a comrade he was a towering success. Friendship And observing closely through the years we saw with him was a two-way traffic. He inspired love a personality and a career marked by simplicity.

and unrestrained confidence for we found him He was easy to understand. He had chosen a few opening his heart to us and we knew that he loved central convictions and purposes and around us and was loyal. On a railway train he once these he organized his life. To his convic- asked me, "How do you think of Christ? You tions he gave a loyal adherence and into the real- know," he said, "some think of Him chiefly as ization of his purposes he poured the strength and their Master, others are most conscious of Him as passion of his days. Therein lies one chief secret their Redeemer. For my part, I habitually think of Fennell Turner's effective self-giving to move- of Him as my Friend." That explained a great ments and men.

Education in a Local

..:( By the REV. NORRIS L. TIBBETTS, Chicago Pastor and Director of Religious Education in Hyde Park Baptist Church M ISSIONARY education is primarily con- bring friendships among Christians in different cerned with developing the habit of think- parts of the earth, the world view is enriched and ing in world terms about the highest wel- the world ties are strengthened. But opportuni- fare of people. Long before the average man's ties for such personal contacts are usually lim- thoughts went much beyond his neighborhood and ited. The church in this generation is concerned almost never beyond the nation, the Christian with a missionary movement the extent of which Church was bringing the farther corIiers of the has greatly diminished the personal aspect for the earth to the attention of its local church, but enormously members. Conscious first of a increased the significance of message born of a personal ex- The advance of Christian mis- the missionary affairs. Misperience of the power of Jesus sions has radically changed sionary education today must Christ, there have been men the Church. Narrow vision bring to people some sense of and women who, like the and sympathies are signs of this world-Christian movement. Apostle Paul, saw next a vision ignorance. Information proof a needy world. The sense motes breadth of interest and This can be done in part of a mission and of a message develops I a r g eheartedness. through the preaching. I am to people in their need has sent How may intelligent mission- not thinking of the missionary the missionaries forth. These ary interest be promoted in a sermon which specializes on were the first to think cre- local church? May we not some world theme, often for atively in world terms about lose character and enthusiasm the purpose of raising money. the highest welfare of people. unless we understand why we Coming at irregular intervals, should give ourselves to this such a sermon may stimulate Those who remained at home world-wide enterprise and un- interest and achieve certain followed with their interest less we have first-hand knowl- immediate results, but it can and support the missionaries hardly be expected to develop who went abroad. Naturally edge of the workers? the habit of thinking in world the horizons lifted and the terms. This will come only as provincial outlook of the local a result of the constant stretch- church began to take on the ing of the mind with thoughts characteristics of a world View. But it was a that reach out into the world at large.

world view nourished by definitely personal in- There are at least two ways which I have ob- terests. In its earliest stages, Baptist mission- served by which preaching can develop the world I ary enthusiasm, for instance, focused in Adoniram view. The first is by widening the application Judson in Burma. When the first converts of principles or truths until they are seen in their joined the missionary, they came intimately to the widest world setting. The other is by the use of attention of the local church. I think this sense illustrations gathered from the literature or ex- of personal relationship was extremely impor- perience of other nations or races. Uncon- tant as it kept alive the interest which gave sup- sciously the boundaries of the mind are ex- port to the enterprise. But it was only the be- tended to share with appreciation the thoughts ginning of a comprehensive outlook. It was like and lives of distant people. The latest develop- a wedge of thought and interest driven into the ments in our missionary emphasis have given to blank wall of the world's larger life. this type of preaching a new significance. Hav- The modern church is not thinking in terms of ing judged other peoples by the Christian stand- a single missionary here and a handful of Chris- ard and found them wanting, we have sent mis- tians there. There are hundreds of missionaries sionaries. Now these peoples, who have learned and thousands of Christians. If circumstances from us these Christian standards, turn back [295 ]

our judgments upon ourselves. 'Ve have been of the Missionary Enterprise," to a group of compelled to realize that when we preach to the people steadily increasing in numbers and interneeds of the world, we preach to the needs of est. This is a revealing fact. People who are acour own land. When we preach to the needs tively engaged in the missionary enterprise may of our own land, we preach to the needs of the need to realize the background of the modern world. Preaching may make a people world-con- movement. They may need a restatement of its scious. purpose. Evidently there is a desire to know why the work should be carried on. In our generation Various group projects within the church help we are promoting an enterprise which was initiatto develop the habit of thinking in world terms. ed by O1U forefathers. It issued forth from their World friendship and mission study courses have experience on a flood tide of enthusiasm. May 'we increased knowledge on world affairs. During one not reach a point where our enthusiasm will begin entire year the program of the Business and Pro- to wa,ne unless we discover, as a result of our fessional Women's Club centered in different thought and experience, why we should give ourcountries of the world. The program for the selves to this enterprise in our day as other genchurch school has been concentrated usually in a erations gav.e themselves to it in their day? I besingle month. I think this could be fairly criti- lieve we should seriously consider whether the cized. A new plan extends the program for con- church in our modern world does not carry a sidering world relationships to two months, and double responsibility, first to keep the missionary is the outgrowth of a curriculum whose entire enterprise m01Jing forward, but second, and funpurpose is to broaden the student's thinking in damentally as important, to interpret the reason terms both of God and of his fellowmen. It for and the purpose of this enterprise so that it would not be particularly helpful to describe these will challenge the enthusiasms of our day. various projects in detail. The underlying principle is that interest in the missionary enterprise This church has been fortunate in its contacts is sustained as the world view is cultivated and with world movements. Men and women in its extended. Both by what we think and by what membership have had positions of responsibility we do the habit of thinking in world terms is on many boards and commissions that have dealt developed. with world affairs. One of its ministers went as Barrows lecturer to India. World-mindedness is Ever since our particular denomination set contagious and through the interest and leaderaside one month for intensive missionary edu- ship of such men and women, the thinking of the cation, this church has cooperated with the pro- church has been extended to embrace widely sepgram. This cooperation has been of two kinds. arated areas of the earth. Not every church is so First, the special book of reading has been wide- blessed. But what has happened here in notable ly distributed in the homes, primarily through degree can be reproduced elsewhere. children of the church and school. The ideal is to have the designated section read each day by I come back finally to the importance in misthe family together. In the next place a series sionary education of the personal element. Withof church night meetings has been arranged. For out diminishing my emphasis on the importance several years missionaries and foreign students of developing a world outlook which can discern spoke. This was an important contribution to and appreciate trends and movements, I should the world view of the people. Twice lectures have like to add a word of ~mphasis on the value of perbeen given over a period of four weeks illustrated sonal contacts. Great events stir us as we grasp with stereopticon and moving pictures. These their meaning and their power. But the influence were not successful, due primarily to the limita- of example and the power of personality are best tions of the pictures. Personally I should say able to reach the hidden springs of human interthat the most vital method of missionary educa- est and action. For instance, I have followed Sam tion has been the least developed. I mean visual Higginbottom's work at Allahabad because in stueducation through motion pictures intelligently dent days I heard him speak and felt the influand artistically filmed. Until great improvement ence of his personality and because in later years is made, motion pictures from the field, in my a friend of mine went out to join him. Therejudgment, do more harm than good. fore, beside the important task of developing our thinking in world terms about the highest wel- During the time that this intensive program has fare of all people, I should like to place the value been presented, the most significant meetings have of making some personal contacts which will give been those which dealt with the philosophy of the to us the feeling that in and through our friends missionary enterprise. One year for five weeks we are sharing in the world-wide Christian ena professor of missions in a divinity school lec- terprise. tured on "The Whence, the Why and the Whither

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO SPRINGTIME PROGRAMS vegetables and flowers, have a ers (released from container as poster for each meeting, using it in gift-shower), autumn leaves, Nothing short of the most al- for advertising purposes in the fruit baskets (specifically lining luring presentation of the best vestibule beforehand, then hang- up the fruits of definite missionpossible missionary material is ing it near the leader's table as ary efforts), holly berries (at worthy of a consecrated pro- an illustration and visualization Christmas meeting), a missiongram b u i Ide r. "The King's of some feature of the theme. ary bouquet, etc. In general, the Business" requires not only You will find that leaders of the appreciation of a meeting is in "haste" but our utmost en- successive meetings vie with proportion to the number of peodeavor. Are you giving that to each other in having the most ple taking part in it within its your m iss ion a r y teaching, attractive posters: and when, at time limits, and this manner of preaching or programs? So long the close of the series, the whole serving current events affords as skilful seasoning conditions collection of posters is hung excellent opportunity to use the the acceptability of food, we around the room for compari- timid folk. should never consider negligible son, some small reward may be the higher art of the program given for the production of the The devotionals are effectivemaker, carefully studying her one best adapted to its purpose. ly designated as "Meditations," appeal to the normal appetite. This is optional. and they come nearer to being Out of 35 years' experience as truly devotional if placed at the pastor's wife and mission circle The serial title may well be close of the program when prayworker, the writer can positive- "World Gardening," or "Our ers grow naturally out of fresh ly g u a ran tee that sufficient Missionary Gardens," the motto information and inspiration. pains, prayer and preparation being either "The Field Is the Freshen the devotional period will draw the audience. (The World" or "As the earth bring- with variety which forces the "preparation" covers attractive eth forth her bud, and as the auditors to think and feel. advertising. Many an excellent garden causeth the things that program finds its extinguisher are sown in it to spring forth, Excellent meditation themes "under a busheL") so the Lord God will cause right- may be selected from the follow- eousness and praise to spring ing assortment and fitted to the One of the most picturesque forth before all the nations." topics chosen: and attractive figures under which to develop a series of The leader of each meeting Grapes Sweet and Sour-Jer. 31: studies for juniors, intermedi- may be called the Head Gar- 29, 30; Num. 13:17-24. ates, high school students or dener or Head Florist, and other woman's circles is that of gar- participants, "assistants" or The Harvest Perspective – John dening. While its inception is "helpers." 4:27-38. seasonable at this time of year, it readily lends itself to the Current events, when used, Help Wanted-Matt. 9:35-38. whole round of the calendar, will be rendered more attractive Lessons from the Lilies – Matt. and may be arranged to cover a by being designated seedlings, 6 :25-34. study book, an intensive consid- an autumn salad (typed and Combatting Garden Pests – Gen. eration of some special field, or pasted on crepe paper lettuce 4:9; I Tim. 4:12; Eccl. 9:10. a sequential list of general top- leaves and passed around among The Secret of Successful Gardening ics. The outline herewith given the audience to be read), a bou- -John 15:1-6; I Cor. 9. is a composite of several excel- quet of forget-me-nots (slips of Nature's Law of Sowing and Reaplent contributions for this de- paper containing t e r s e news ing-Gal. 6:7-10; II Cor. 9:6. partment, hence no individual items tied to tiny artificial for- The Probl~m of the Weeds-Matt. trademarks can be noted. get-me-nots and given out to be 13 :14-30. read, as above), June rosebuds Increasing the Yield-John 15 :1-8. At the beginning, commandeer (items en c los e d in artificial a number of illustrated seed cat- buds), field flowers, May baskets Many appropriate songs will alogues and from their attrac- (items passed around in lovely suggest the m s e Iv e s, among tively colored pictures of fruits, decorated baskets), April show- which are "Thank God for a Garden," "I Know a Garden," "In the Garden," "Bringing in the Sheaves," "What Shall the Harvest Be?", "Sowing Seeds of Kindness," etc.

[297 ]

The following list contains a Current Events under caption TO PROMOTE THE CAUSE OF variety of program topics from "Sample See d Packets," the which the committee may select items being enclosed in tiny en- TEMPERANCE its own sequence, after which it velopes with floral or vegetable decoration on 0 u t sid e, and By MRS. Lucy E. VAN KIRK is an easy matter to sub-divide passed out for a group of women the themes and fit in suitable to read distinctly. Select items Editor and Business Manager of meditations and current events: about missionary publications if The Ohio Messenger possible. We Study the Seed Catalogue. "Our missionary Gospel today The program may be in the has its message as of old for Preparing the Soil (pioneer efforts form of a synthetic catalogue, every life, but also and increas- its back of green paper with gay ingly for all of life. What is in various fields, or a study of the taking place in America today is cut-outs for decoration and the not something apart from our initial efforts of any given mission- words, "Missionary Seed Cata- missionary task, but something logue for 1932" in plain view of that is woven into its very fabary). the audience. Inside pages may ric. Industry, commerce, poli- feature the different items of tics are not apart from missions, Home and Imported Products (a the lit era t u representation, but something that is woven into bright pictures cut from actual its very fabric. We must evan- Home and a Foreign theme, under the catalogues possibly being used. gelize these asp e c t s of life, This catalogue may be placed on bringing them into h arm 0 n y titles "Oriental" and "Occidental"). an easel and the pages turned by with the teachings of Christ. the leader as the meeting pro- . . . In our protest against con- Our Neighbors' Gardens (studies of gresses. The items would be ventions that hamper and regu- specific to the organization using lations that go to extremes, we Canadian, Mexican or West Indian the program, but might include: run the risk of losing sight of the eternal fact that all life is missions). 1. Hymn, "He That Goeth Forth with guided by law. The widespread Weeping." violation of the prohibition law Community Gardening (local social and the condoning of such VIOla- 2. Head Gardener's Introduction- tion by those in high places of service studies, or a guest-day meet- the first need is for seeds, new, social and political influence is a certified, free from weeds, and of striking example." ing with similar organizations of specific kinds inclusive of the other churches). . Word of God and other informa- -"The Challenge of Change." tive material in harmony there- The Nursery (study of work of with. As we all know, there is a movement on foot at the present juvenile missionary organizations, or 3. Talk: The Hardy Perennials- time to break down law enforce- new mission study books. ment and nullify those laws that of kindergarten and primary work on do not coincide with the views of 4. The Annual Fruits – crisp sum- certain individuals and interests. home or foreign fields). maries of other books inclusive of This, if successful, would bring those in Competitive Reading Con- chaos through disregard for all The Garden of Herbs (medical mis- test. law. Every Christian should be alert and actively engaged in sions) . 5. Song, "Thank God for a Garden." studying out an intelligent plan 6. The Salad Vegetables-new leaf- to promote respect for law in The Garden of Books (presentation general, and in particular to pre- lets and pamphlets refreshing to vent bringing liquor into our of study books or competitive reading jaded appetites and of tonic value. midst through bootleggers and volumes) . 7. The Monthly Roses – missionary other means. What can we as periodicals, stressing THE REVIEW missionary leaders do? Patriotic Gardening-a study in as the hardiest one, not specific to The great need is for educa- Red, White and Blue (summer meet- individual denominational gardens tion to meet the propaganda of but adapting itself perfectly to those who would modify or nulin?, on Civics). every soil and climate the world lify the existing laws on the over, hence indispensable in every question. "Youth," says a recent The Harvest Home (autumn meet- garden. writer, "is the prey of the edu- cators of intemperance-those ing on results on mission fields). Meditation: The Parable of the who would destroy rather than Wheat and Tares, Matt. 13 :24-30, build character. The leaders of Garden Information (reports of showing need of great care in se- tomorrow should be given every lection of proper seed if we would opportunity to know the highest conventions, etc.). have the maximum harvest. ideals and enrich their own lives S. Sample Seed Packets. To avoid with them." In the Garden of the King (Christ- an unduly long program, it may be better to distribute these to all mas meeting, with possible program at the close, to be taken home, read with mind in receptive mood. on "Following Christmas around the planted in the heart and nurtured with prayer. Flowers of love and World," viz., giving accounts of cele- service are then due to blossom. (Envelopes may contain either brations on various mission fields). leaflet literature or carefully se- lected clippings from THE REVIEW, A Garden Party (summer meeting the selections being typed if one wishes to avoid destroying the out of doors). magazine.) An Indian (Of African. etc.) Gar- den (study of a specific field).

How Does Your Garden Grow? (re- port of denominational progress).

A Garden Magazine (presentation of any given number of The Review.

in its various features and departments) .

A SAMPLE GARDEN PROGRAM Invitations, on apple – g r e e n bristol board tied with dark green cord: A garden you will want this year, And now the time is drawing near When you will want some tested seeds- These every careful gardener needs, Unless you'd raise a crop of weeds Within a garden drear.

Poster featuring seed packets -sketched and named, or actually tied to the bristol board, with invitation, time and place of meeting inscribed.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Plan for short, pithy talks in See that the program commit- than are the money-ralsmg methods such as fairs, suppers, etc" for profit. the Sunday School. tee in the Woman's Missionary Start a pledge-signing cam- Society makes a place for down- 6. Resolved, that the stewardship of time is of greater importance to paign, using something like this: to-date consideration of the sub- the furtherance of the Christian en- "I hereby declare my purpose to ject each year, or has temper- terprise than the stewardship of money. abstain from alcoholic liquor as ance news items introduced into 7, Resolved, that Home Missions a beverage." the regular programs.* has been helped more than hindered Ask your pastor to preach a Have a con t est or debate by the moneyed interests of America. rousing temperance sermon among the young people with from time to time, and give his either prizes or announced deci- Topics for Discussion: efforts such support as shall sions at the close. hearten him to do his utmost. 1. Is our community a friendly Hold poster contests. Educa- place for the representatives of The Women's Home Mission- tional posters catch the eye and various nationalities that live here? ary Society of the Methodist hold the attention better than Church recently offered three words. 2. How would people of other money prizes to Queen Esther races and nationalities be likely to answer that? Circles for the three best post- 3, Do all representatives of other races in our community have a fair DISCUSSIONS AND DEBATES chance for econo;mic progress?

ers submitted under certain con- One of the most profitable 4. Are there church opportunities test rules, the sub j e c t being ways in which to bring a dy- for people of all races in this com- namic· subject before an audi- munity, either in separate churches or "Why Should United States Cit- ence is through the medium of through hospitable attitudes that welizens Be Total Abstainers from a debate or pro and con discus- come all sorts of people in one Alcoholic Beverages?" L a r g e sion. The slight element of church? prizes would be likely to attract competition whets the appetites real artists, so the offering of of the hearers, who unconscious- 5. In what ways am I interpreting ly align themselves now with Christianity to the foreigners whom smaller ones brings in the ama- one side and now with the other, I know? teurs who most need the temper- while the effect upon the conance education. testants themselves is self-evi- 6. Is the Woman's Movement in dent. Care should be exercised India a bane or a boon? Use to the limit the loophole in the statement of the topic, offered in the public schools by however, as it is of questionable 7, Has Christianity played any the law for Scientific Temper- ethical v:alue to lead a speaker part in that awakening? ance Instruction. Often your to argue against his ideals. minister or some other qualified 8. What is likely to happen to person will be allowed to address A request which came not civilization if this new movement is the pupils on the subject. long since to THE REVIEW re- not christianized? garding questions for debate Utilize your citizenship privi- leads us to submit the following, 9. Why should we support colleges leges to the limit. Elect men to with earnest recommendation in the Orient which are run mainly office who really believe in law that the method be utilized in by Orientals? enforcement, then stand back of all adult departments of church these officers and hold up their life: 10. What are modern college stuhands as they endeavor to be dents in China doing for their own true to their oath of office. Com- country? mend them heartily for the brave, loyal things they do. We If questions like the above are are all too ready to criticize. to be thrown open for general discussion, it is well to prime The Fourth General Council 1. Res'olved, that David Living- sever:al people beforehand to of the United Church of Canada stone made a greater contribution to lead out in the arguments or has expressed itself as follows: progress in Africa than Cecil Rhodes. topics.

2. Resolved, that evangelism is PROGRAM SEEDLINGS "The Play Hour Series" is a publication suggesting games, stories and refreshments to be used in connection with pro- Inasmuch as the (liquor) traffic is more important in the foreign field grams from a large variety of now attacking the home in a new and than education. foreign lands. (Presbyterian subtle way, we heartily endorse the Board of Foreign Missions, 156 proposal of the Board, in cooperation 3. Resolved, that the missionary Fifth Ave., New York. Price has helped the progress of humanity with the Woman's Missionary Society, more than has the non-Christian ex- 10 cents.) plorer. At the annual meeting of the to promote a campaign to secure the definite exclusion of alcoholic bever- 4. Resolved, that the missionary is Chicago Presbyterial last April, ages from the homes of our people, a greater asset for world peace than a fine pictorial presentation of and recommend that all ;ministers, of- armaments. the officers for the coming year ficials, members and adherents of the was arranged. A wide frame United Church be urged to give the Ii. Resolved, that the faithful prac- was constructed behind an easimovement their heartiest cooperation tice of the stewardship of money on the part of church members is a ;more and support. profitable method of financing the Church and its world-wide enterprise Similarly w i I I you not en- * Denominations having a Temperance Divi- ly drawn curtain on the platdeavor to line up your church, sion in their national organization may obtain – form. A woman was seated near literature on the subject from their own headcommunity, newspapers and quarters. Otherwise it win be furnished at by with an album on her lap as- schools to render ours truly a cost by the National Publishing House of the suming to show to a new, young "dry" nation? Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Evans- member of the society pictures ton, Illinois.

of its officers. These latter were the December meeting, a candle ter spirit and enlisted a greater arranged in groups of three or was lighted on the Christmas number for the presentations. five as tableaux within the tree for each dollar received. It frame and remained motionless is remarkable how the setting of An inscription on a year book while the demonstrator cleverly a picturesque goal like that will recently inspected was as fol- spur to added activity. lows: "'Nited' does not spell described them, not even ven- 'united' without 'u' in it. 'Sccess' turing a smile at some of her Another "Manly Missionary does not spell 'success' without facetious remarks. Then when Meeting" is reported as most 'u' in it. 'Chrch' does not spell the curtain was closed again, successful. First there was a 'church' without 'u' in it." another page of the album was song-fest by "the vocal men"; turned to afford opportunity for then a salvo of twelve guns by As an intermediate step in the the posing of a new group. "the minute men" (presumably welding of the world fields so as brief missionary t a I k s 0 r to do away with the invidious A Mother-and-Child meeting items) ; a quartette by "the male concept of "home" and "forlends itself to the effective pres- men"; an address, The Bible a eign," Mrs. W. J. Armstrong, of entation of certain subject mat- Missionary Book, by "the flower Cambridge, Mass., writes: "It ter, either home or foreign. Any man"; another address, Jonah is my idea to try to have news person not having a little child Whaled into a Foreign Missionor grandchild may borrow one ary, by "a lawyer man"; an in- from all our fields at each meetfor the occasion, this being her strumental solo by "a music ing instead of the usual one of ticket of admission. man"; a short address, Christ a giving exclusively home or for- Foreign Missionary, by "a Bible eign information. I hoped in One missionary society took School man"; and The Bible a this way to try to hold the world up its collection in a milk bot- Missionary Story, by "a car- as the field before our people. tle, asking each one in the audi- penter man." That would sure- Naturally a missionary talks ence to place with it the price ly bring out the male member- about her own place of service of one day's luncheon. ship of the church to at least one most; but our speakers have missionary meeting. Let us look been asked, wherever possible, The history of our great mis- forward to the day when there to indicate how their work is sionary hymns is being present- need be no gender for the term, typical of other fields. We have ed in a five-minute interval at "missionary meeting." had a resume (by one of the each successive meeting during program committee speaking the whole year, by a resourceful *** woman's society. before the address) of the most A Tacoma woman's society vital statistics and conditions of *** reports that at the meeting pre- the phase of the work of the vious to the preparation of a A "Manly Missionary Meet- new year book, the chairmen of presentation to follow." ing" is held once a year by the the seven circles into which the woman's society in the First organization was divided were *** Baptist Church at Battle Creek, called to the front and allowed Michigan, the mayor presiding, to draw from a like number of "A Reception for the Newa topic of general civic interest slips of paper the president held being discussed and the public in her hand one slip each, not comers" is an annual event in generally invited. having seen what was written one progressive organization. on the reverse of the slips. Each At the First Baptist Church such inscription specified the At each annual meeting for the in Washington, D. C., the wom- date on which that circle was to election of officers, newcomers an's year book bore the follow- sponsor a program meeting, the during the past year were espeing inscription: "Our aim for color of the paper indicating the cially invited to be present, a 1931: (1) Every woman know- nationality to be studied-yel- note with R.S.V.P. attached ing, praying, giving. (2) Every low for the Japanese or Chinese, having been sent. Each new woman reading at least three brown for the Hindus, etc. At woman as she entered the room missionary books this year. (3) its next meeting each circle de- was given a flower and a card Some missionary magazine in cided what field included in its with her name written on it. At the home of each member. (4) assignment it would study, also the close of the service, after the Every member of the society chose its topic and a program officers had been duly elected, participating in White Cross leader. These decisions were work (missionary sewing, etc., handed to the president by a the newcomers were invited to for hospital or other field certain date so as to be incorpo- the front to stand in line with needs) . (5) Everyone con- rated in the year book. This the officers for an informal retributing regularly to mission- plan has developed more free- ception. Many expressed their ary funds. (6) Enlistment of dom and initiative among the appreciation of this opportunity new members. (7) Everyone women, also given them a bet- to meet so many members of the studying the Bible. It would be church. Why not do this at the interesting to know how nearly first autumn meeting of your or- that aim was attained. ganization and accomplish the When the mite boxes of a cer- double purpose of introducing the newcomers to the membertain circle were brought in at ship and to the work of the so- ciety, giving a sample copy of THE REVIEW as a souvenir?

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Women"s Home and Foreign Bulletin ANNE SEESHOLTZ, 105 EAST TWENTy-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK; COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK; FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA "Under Heaven, One Family"

Among the New Books To Aid in Understanding CHINA and THE AMERICAN INDIAN FACING THE FUTURE IN large groups and furnishes a WORKING FOR A NEW wealth of background material. INDIAN MISSIONS At the close of that chapter he CHINA says: "The task of the Chris- Part 1. A Social Outlook on Indian tian missionary who would serve Lady Fourth Daughter of China. By Missions. By Lewis Meriam. Part the American Indians is vastly Mary Brewster Hollister. Pub. by II. The Church and the Indian. By more difficult today than it has Central Committee on the United George W. Hinman. Pub. by Mis- been in the past, although not Study of Foreign Missions. Cloth, sionary Education Movement and involving as much danger and 75 cents; paper, 50 cents. Council of Women for Home Mis- hardship. The Indian life of sions. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents. earlier days was relatively sim- "Lady Fourth Daughter of ple and primitive. The things China" first attracts the reader Part I enables us to see the missionaries had to do then were by its cover. On a yellow backsituation among American In- simple compared with the com- ground I Lai Cho, one of China's dians through the eyes of a re- plexities they face today and young artists, has drawn a search specialist who faces facts will face increasingly in the fu- graceful spray of lan-hwa, the very frankly yet is thoroughly tureas the Indians seek to find western epidendrum. On opensympathetic with these people. their place in our modern civi- ing the pages one has one's curi- Dr. Meriam recently made a sur- lization. In the days of the pio- osity excited by an artistic map vey at the request of the Indian neer. missionary the challenge of the twenty-eight provinces, office and was the chief editor of was to work for the Indian while enticing Oriental faces the report of that survey which people. T 0 day the challenge, peep out of every chapter. The is one of the most important doc- even greater and more difficult book's whole makeup clamors, uments of many years on "The "Read me." Problem of Indian Administra- (Continued on page 302) tion." "The touch of His Hand is the [ 301 ] breath of Spring." With these In the first chapter, Dr. Mer- (Contir:.ued on page 302) iam divides the Indians into five

FACING THE FUTURE IN gestions of things which local Living Issues in China. By Henry T. Hodgkin. Pub. by Missionary Edu- INDIAN MISSIONS- church groups may do for In- cation Movement. Cloth, $1.00; pa- dians near at hand and methods per, 60 cents. Continued of helping those on the reserva- tions by assisting in the sale of This is the sort of book one and therefore more stimulating, articles made by them. There is might expect from a secretary throughout a distinct emphasis of the National Christian Counis to work with them." on the value of Indian arts and cil of China. It is not a recital crafts and the earnest desire of missionary successes to per- Following this comes a dis- that all of the best things of suade the American c h u r c h their culture be preserved. member that missionary work is cussion of "The Need for Mu- worthwhile after all. It is a sur- -MAY HUSTON vey of the situation in the large, tual Understanding" with chap- a facing of the most urgent WORKING FOR A NEW problems of the Kingdom of God ters on Health and Education, in China. It treats in turn cre- CHINA-Continued ating a new state system, edu- Making a Living, Family and cating the vast Chinese popula- words Mary Brewster Hollister tion, reconstructing social life, Community Life, showing ways ends her introduction to this providing adequate economic year's mission study book. His support, r a i sin g the physical by which the Government forces Hand must indeed have touched standard, securing right inter- the author for the breath of national relationships, comparand the missionaries may co- Spring blows through all her ing Chinese religions and Chris- writing. tianity, promoting the growth operate. The very fact that the of the Christian Church. Mrs. Hollister was born in new administration of Indian China and "We could almost say It is simply assumed that the she was a missionary in China Christian Church of the West is Affairs in the Government has from birth until two years ago." responsible for understanding She brings to her work the best these issues and helping to meet recently brought into the service touchstone for any book-the them. Therefore the difficulties love of her subject. are frankly considered, together so many men and women of out- with matters open to difference The author's theme is Chinese of opinion. The person who standing ability, indicates a new women and their part in the cre- wants to know nothing more ative, constructive work that is about missions than how much day for the American Indian. going on in China in spite of good a dollar will do, will nat- war and famine. Fortunately, urally be disappointed in this These. appointments have been "L a d y Fourth Daughter of book. Those who wish to get a China" is not a mere text book view of the situation as seen by because of experience and train- but has in it a fine store of in- a broadminded, progressive mis- formation for leaders and speak- sionary leader who has served ing and their ability to under- ers on Chinese subjects. With as a missionary on the field, a rare skill the writer has used ex- board secretary in Great Bristand and apply the science of quisite illustrations from Chi- tain, and a head of the National nese literature, history and, Christian Council of China, will human relationships. above all, the dear women she find it a challenge to thought, has known, so that they are no faith, and effort. In Part II, Dr. Hinman traces longer strangers living in a far country, but our friends and the work of pioneers in the es- neighbors. One of the charming stories in the book is of a poor tablishing of Christian missions among Indians. Realizing the need of better living conditions among these people, they did what they could to alleviate suf- fering, encourage calneadnleisnteasbs~ supply better homes lish schools and c h u r c h e s.

Through the Christian message, many I n d ian families have found joy and peace as well as better homes, cleaner bodies and minds free from superstition, and have become leaders of their own people.

Now that the Government has begun to meet the physical and educational needs more ade- quately and is offering a chance for religious education training III the schools, the missionary has a better opportunity for old Chinese woman left desolate The strength of the book is in spiritual work than ever before. in her old age. its breadth and balance of treat- The cooperation of denomina- "But aren't you ever lonely or ment and the fundamental chartions in placing religious educa- afraid?" she was asked by Mrs. acter of the problems dealt with, tion directors in a number of Hollister. rather than in wealth of illustra- government schools is welcomed "Gold and jewel s," she tion or impressionistic style. In and is offering a training great- crooned to the inquirer, a radi- connection with each topic the ly needed by the students. Nu- ant certainty in her face, "Jesus' liabilities as well as the assets merous illustrations of the influ- people are never lonely or afraid. are frankly considered, together ence and helpfulness of mission- . God makes company with us." with practical suggestions for aries of the various denomina- Whoever t a k e s up "Lady Christian cooperation. tional boards are given showing Fourth Daughter of China" will There is a good bibliography. that the Indian field has many find that "God keeps company For those who use the book in hopeful and rewarding features. with them" every step of the discussion groups a leader's The book gives practical sug- way. -GERTRUDE SCHULTZ manual is prepared, suggesting

WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

methods for groups willing to race as a whole as it exists to- realize that they and young Chiwork and also for those from day, in our midst yet at the same nese Christians are facing towhom little outside preparation time anomalously sidetracked or gether the same essential prob- inconsequently trailing behind. lems of life in the modern world can be expected. Our responsibility tow a r d and sharing the same aspira- -T. H. P. SAILER them, how to understand them tions. It is one of those books- AN EXPRESSION OF YOUNG and the i r peculiar problems, of which, happily, there is an in- their native aesthetic and spirit- creasing n u m b e r nowadays- INDIANS ual gifts and the contribution that will make its young readers Indian Americans. By Winifred Hul- these can be to us, this book say, not, "How strange the y bert. Pub. by Missionary Education shows in a way to stir us all to are!" or "What queer customs Movement and Council of Women for Home Missions. Cloth, $1.00; appropriate attitude and action. they have!" but "They are meet- paper, 60 cents. If we overlook the Indians or re- ing the sam e difficulties we Here is a book that removes gard them as a subject suffi- meet" or "They are asking the from the realm of the taken-for- ciently well taken care of, we ig- same questions we ask." It is a granted while only half under- nore a whole area of interest at book for youth by youth. Each stood and largely neglected, a our door. "Indian Americans" of its seven chapters is written subject which has long burned gives us the key to understand- by an outstanding Chi n e s e for due attention and apprecia- ing and cooperation. Christian who is especially qual- tion, that of the aboriginal na- -OLIVE RICHARDS ified by training and experience tives of our country, the "red to handle the particular theme men," the American Indians, or, CHINESE YOUTH ON ITS assigned him. The general edi- tor, Dr. William Hung, is Proas the author fitly terms them, WAY TO LEADERSHIP fessor of History at Yenching Indian Americans. Too Ion g Ling Yang. By Ethel T. Thompson. University, Peiping, and has have these our first fellow coun- Pub. by Central Committee on the trymen been looked upon by United Study of Foreign Missions. lived in America, not only as a most of us as a picturesque fea- Board, $1.00; paper, 50 cents. student but also as exchange ture of the land, subdued and A fascinating story of a boy professor at Harvard. harmless but alien to ourselves of new China and his sister. The In an introductory chapter and properly placed in schools story begins with a dragon race that summarizes skilfully the and reservations of their own. and moves on into the exciting present trends in China and ex- Or else we have accepted them life of a boy and girl in New plains the plan of the book, he as one with ourselves, an assimi- China. says: lated citizenry h a v i n g equal Some of the 0 u t s tan din g "The several chapters of this rights and privileges and so to events are: a school athletic book represent an attempt to debe dis m iss e d from further meet; a trip up the river by junk scribe certain important phases thought. and wheelbarrow; encounter of this chaotic life (of China to- Winifred Hulbert, the author with bandits and rescue; first day) and to indicate the direcof the present boo k, after contact with the Jesus-people; tions which the struggle in months of travel and association the coming of the missionary thought is taking. Outside of a m 0 n g them and those who doctor into Ling Yang's home; China there are also young peoknow them best, with intensive the opening of the new hospital; ple who dream the dreams that critical and sympathetic study the dragon parade. challenge reality. The y may of them, presents them in a new The story closes with Ling wonder how their fellow-dreamlight so striking in its interest Yang starting off to prepare to ers are faring in China. . . . and challenge that it addresses take his place in training for We have picked out six major itself to all of us who wish to be "New China." "I wonder how social relationships in the life of reasonably right in our thinking well I can learn to live and teach China's young men and young concerning them. Intended spe- the Christian way. No other women-the family, the school, cifically for young people, the way is good enough for New the vocation, the nation, the book undertakes to interpret the China." world, and religion-and have race in its present-day status The book has been illustrated tried to tell how in each of them from the point of view of the by a young Chinese artist, who the old and new forces and ideas young Indians, their ambitions, has also drawn the very attrac- are in conflict." their problems, their possibili- tive cover design of the dragon The distinguished aut h 0 r s ties, but involved as they neces- race. whose chapters Dr. Hung has sarily are with the difficulties -GERTRUDE SCHULTZ thus brought together have been and disadvantages of their racial As It Looks to Young China. Edited extraordinarily successful in heritage and tradition on the by William Hung. Pub. by Mis- presenting their respective sub- one side, and on the other side sionary Education Movement. Cloth, – jects vividly and con c ret ely their relations with a dominant $1.00; paper, 60 cents. through the stories of individ- race, our own. It succeeds in Here is a book that will help uals and through illustrations giving a telling picture of the young American Christians to drawn from personal experi-

ence. The result is a book that Three Arrows: The Young Buffalo primary children the attractive is unusually effective not only Hunter. By E. Ryerson Young. Pub. little volume, "Chinese Children for study but also for general by Missionary Education Movement of Woodcutters' Lane" by Prisreading. The closing appeal to and Council of Women for Home cilla Holton, which contains the American Christian youth to en- Missions. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 adventures of a little Chinese ter into deeper fellowship with cents. girl and her small brother. And their Chinese Christian brethren the course for Juniors will not and to work with them in the For years we have been clam- be complete without rea din g great future tasks of the King- oring for a good home mission "Ling Yang." dom of God in China forms one book of the adventure type to apof the most stirring messages peal to boys. "Three Arrows: A "Picture Map" of China that has come out of China in The Young Buffalo Hunter," ex- filled with interesting symbols recent years. actly fills the bill. I tried it on and pictures together with the one boy who became so interest- "Teaching Pictures on China," For leaders of young people's ed that extreme pressure was "Chinese Snap Shots" (picture groups a course on China, based necessary to persuade him to sheet) and "Paper Dolls" will primarily upon the material pre- quit reading and go to bed and prove valuable source material sented in the above book, has when his father arose the next for all teachers. been prepared by Miss Ruth Isa- morning he found the son awake bel Seabury. It is entitled, "In- ahead of him and rea din g, Many Moons Ago and Now. By Kathtroducing Young China." Price, "Three Arrows" in bed. It is a arine Gladfelter. Children of the 50 cents. tale of Indian missions in the Great Spirit. By Florence C. Means early days with enough thrills to and Frances Somers Riggs. Pub. -FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL satisfy the most avid reader of by Missionary Education Movement wild adventures. and Council of Women for Home FOR BOYS AND GIRLS Missions. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 Manuals. cents.

The Young Revolutionist. By Pearl For the leaders of intermedi- Indians never fail to be an in- S. Buck. Pub. by Missionary Edu- ate groups there will be two ex- teresting topic of study and in- cation Movement. Cloth, $1.50; pa- cellent manuals, "Youth and vestigation to children. Two per, 75 cents. Revolution in China" by Alfred helpful course books have been D. Heininger, formerly a mis- prepared for leaders of children, Intermediates are particularly sionary in China, and "Friend- "Many Moons Ago and Now" fortunate this year because two ship Fires" by Winifred Hul- for Juniors, deals with three of the most interesting mission- bert, author of "Indian Ameri- main divisions of Indian life in ary books ever to be published cans." These are to be used in are provided for their use. As connection with the two reading the United States-e a s t ern far as I can remember we have books mentioned above. woodlands, pIa ins, and the never before had any kind of Southwest. This book contains missionary book written by the -GILBERT Q. LESOURD suggested procedures together most popular author of the day. with source materials, sugges- This year we have it in "The New Joy. By Carolyn Sewall and Young Revolutionist" by Mrs. Charlotte Chambers Jones. Off to tions for worship, manual work, Pearl S. Buck, whose novel, China. By Helen Furman Sweet service enterprises and other ac- "The Good Earth," has been a and Mabel Garrett Wagner. Pub. tivities. The material is so arbest seller for over an entire by Missionary Education Movement. ranged that the leader may use year. No other novel has had Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. it in its entirety or any portion such a record for many years. With China claiming so much of it which she may desire. "The Young Revolutionist" is attention in the headlines of our "Children of the Great Spirit" a great book, just as well writ- newspapers these days, leaders ten as the author's larger vol- will especially weI com e the for Primaries deals with seven umes and equally compelling in timely appearance of stu d y different Indian tribes – Iroits interest. It is a tale of mod- books and story books on this quois, Sioux, Seminole, Hopi, ern Chinese youth torn by the great country. "New Joy" and Navajo, Mono, Tlingit. The instrife between the old and the "Off to China" are the study new, aflame with patriotism, books for Junior and Primary troduction and each of the seven blindly devoted to ideals only g r 0 ups, respectively. These chapters are full of valuable half understood, groping hun- books give suggested procedures suggestions, source materials grily for a religious faith and and source materials and are eagerly helping to build a new rich in suggestions for worship, and activities. As an aid in China. Adults will like it as manual work, service enter- teaching the course, leaders will well as intermediates and all prises and other activities. The wish to secure the "Teaching who read it will gain a new un- stories in each book were writ- Pictures on the American Inderstanding of Chinese youth ten in China and are colorful dian," "North American Inand an appreciation of the value and interesting. To accompany dians" (picture sheet), "Indians of Christian missions. the course book the leader will of the Sou t h w est" (picture wish to put in the hands of her sheet), "Picture Map of North America" with special "Ameri- can Indian Insert Sheet."

-HAZEL V. ORTON

* .Ca

Our W orld;vvide Outlook A Missionary N.ewspaper of Current Events -.." WI'

JAPAN-CHOSEN The villagers desired to buy it in cooperated with religious teach- but could not raise the money., ers in making the curricula of T,he Antidote to Materialism They consulted together and value.

The Japanese minister of edu- finally decided to sell the girls of The Kingdom of God program cation has addressed a commun- the village, 57 of their own ication to the Christian mission- daughters, into the vice system is also establishing Gospel night aries in w hie h he declares: schools in Tokyo and other "Hitherto the policy of our min- in order to secure the desired cities. One visited recently had istry has been too materialistic, enrolled 168 men and women of and this had led to the regretta- land. This is almost unthink- twenty different professions for ble result of a decline in public able in 20th Century Japan, and and private morality, a revival the pity of it is that there has three nights a week for three of communism, and even in the months. The course of study inlast few years of a pronounced been no public outcry about the cluded the following subjects: matter. This shows that public The life of Christ, Old and New opinion is still asleep on this Testament studies, theology, the matter.

anarchistic spirit.. We must In October thirteen girls in relation of science and religion, from now onward spiritualize the Matsushima licensed quarter sociology and social service, muour educational system. For in Osaka went on hunger strike, tual aid and cooperation, com- this purpose the cooperation of demanding more humane treat- parative religions, church pol- religious educational institu·· ment. They appealed to the icy, Sunday school methods, tions seems to us absolutely nec- Osaka Branch of the Proletariat methods of evangelism, music essary, and we consequently Woman's Association and filed and the fine arts of religion, etc. make an urgent appeal for your their requests for freedom from help." this degrading life. Against the Child Recognizes the God-Like Mild Inoculation spirit of the times the Osaka police refused and sent them "In Osaka, at the Tennoji '·Some in America," says Miss back to their owners. Edith Curtis of Osaka, "believe Kindergarten, a lit tie g i r I honestly that offering Christian- One keeper in Osaka died in whose mother had a violent temity to other peoples is an in- November and, by his will, freed per said to her on returning fringement of their racial and from kindergarten, 'Mother, you the seven inmates of his house national rights. I wonder," she cancelling the Y7000 which they are not God. Father is not God. adds, "if they realize what other still owed him. But my teacher is just the same religions have done, or have not as God. At home, when I am done, for people and how by de- All-Japan Christian Conference naughty, you scold me, and even strike me, but teacher only grees non-Christians are seeing the peace and joy that comes in- An all-Japan Christian con- smiles and puts her arm around ference is to be held in the au- me, and that makes me want to to the lives of those who know tumn of 1932 to re-appraise the be good.' Another child in the Jesus Christ." "Is America in- situation which the Christian oculated so thoroughly," as E. churches are facing in the Em- same kindergarten was in the pire, and also to formulate a Stanley Jones says, "with a mild follow-up program when the habit of wearing a c h arm form of Christianity that the present three year campaign of around her neck, as many Japreal thing won't take 7" Some the Kingdom of God Movement anese children do, to protect her comes to a close in December, of the missionaries fear the in- 1932. from sickness or evil spirits. The teacher had been telling the oculation has proceeded danger- story of Moses and the golden ously far. calf, explaining the difference Wholesale Prostitution Reasons for Encouragement between bowing down to images While some girls are being and praying to an unseen God who can really hear our prayers freed from slavery in Japanese More than 50 ,peasant Gospel and answer them. That night brothels others are being fed schools have been successfully when she was undressing she into the system. A distressing conducted during the past year. took off the charm, saying, 'I story comes from Yamagata and a half throughout Japan. don't need to wear this any Prefecture. A block of public Agricultural, social and religi- more. God is going to take care land had been opened for culti~ ous instruction is given in these of me.' "

vation and put on the market. rural schools, and officials have -Genevieve Davis Olds.

[305]

A Christian Dentist School Association, writes the made rapid progress during this Five or six years ago a young Daily Vacation Bible School at period. Three churches – the dentist's ass i s tan t in Kobe, Changsyeng began late, expect- United Brethren, the Congrega- Japan, was baptized in the Kobe ing to continue only one week. tionalist and the Presbyterian- Union Church, established pri- The children were so greatly have gone together to form the marily for the foreign commu- interested that they begged for United Evangelical Church of nity. He was suffering from tu- another week, and the principal the Philippine Islands. The of the day school was asked if it moderator of this new church is b e r cuI 0 sis, but his illness would be possible to defer the a Filipino. The Methodist Episbrought him to God, and then opening of the public school. copal Church has recently ap- God gave him back health. He This the non-Christian principal proved a program outlined by identified himself with a church the resident bishop for a tenand threw himself into its work. of a non-Christian school nat- year development with funds Having become a qualified den- urally declined, but so many of tist, he borrowed money for the pupils enrolled in the Sum- and personnel from abroad, folequipment, opened an office and mer Bible School and "cried so lowed by another ten-year period achieved success. He is now the much" that the teachers decided in which both missionaries and chief financial supporter of his to extend the vacation for one grants-in-aid will be entirely week and the Daily Vacation church, a teacher in the Sunday Bible School resumed its session withdrawn. The Disciples of school, frequently fills the pul- for the second week. Christ, facing serious deficits in pit, and makes a deep spiritual their missionary budget in the impression on all who meet him. -The Presbyterian. United States, have decided to He asked the municipal au- Work Among Chinese in Chosen withdraw almost entirely durthorities for a permit to preach ing the present year. Their mis- With the help and under the on Sunday afternoons in the auspices of the six missions con- sionaries bel i eve that their park, and for years has preached stituting the Federal Council of churches have progressed suffifrom one to four o'clock Sunday ciently to enable them to become afternoons, whenever the weath- Protestant Missions in Korea, entirely indigenous. er and his own health permitted. He has made himself a thorough an executive committee of that -E. K. Higdon. organization has the definite ob- Bible scholar, and incidentally jective of giving the Gospel to Methodists in the Philippines every Chinese in Chosen. The has learned to read his New last census showed 91,466 Chi- A Ten Year Plan for the Phil- Testament in Greek and his Old ippine Islands is proposed by the Testament in Hebrew. His home nese in Chosen, but more recent Methodist Church, comprising a is a gathering place for the evacuations have probably cut program of spiritual progress. young men of the church and The plan provides for the erecneighborhood. the number in half. They in- tion of churches and student clude business men, members of centers in strategic locations; -The Christian Observer. the consular service, mechanics and farmers, scattered so widely for keeping a staff of nine mis- sionary families regularly on The Gospel and Unemployment that much expense is involved for itinerating. Christian Ko- During the past year unem- reans assist in every way pos- the field; also for cooperation ployment has brought distress sible, and prove their interest by with the Presbyterian, Disciples, to some 250,000 in Tokyo. The attending the meetings. Itin- United Brethren, and Congre- Baptist Tabernacle has endeav- gational Missions in securing an ored to demonstrate intelligibly erancies have covered nearly all adequate endowment for the what the Gospel stands for in the towns and villages on and Union Theological Seminary, daily life. With funds supplied near the railway and some of Manila. It is believed that an by both Japanese and foreign- the bus lines, with the result that 1,141 Chinese and 112 Ko- investment of 400,000 pesos ers, tents were erected on the reans have expressed themselves from American friends of the ground of the Fukagawa Chris- as desirous of becoming believ- Philippines would call out gifts tian Center; floors were con- ers, or of knowing more of the from the Filipinos of 1,000,000 structed and stoves provided; Christian religion. pesos during the next ten years.

and from December first until Bishop Lee believes that an May first 6,504 frev lodgings ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC indigenous, self-supporting and and 13,008 free meals were sup- self-directing Church may be Self-Determination in the plied to the unemployed. One well begun within this period of Philippines thousand t w.o hundred and ten years.

twenty-five different men were. Within the last ten years, two For Lepers at Culion helped. Twice a week special of the outstanding denomina- Gospel meetings were held. tions in the Philippines have The work for lepers in the gone on record officially as fav- Crying for Bible School oring Filipino aspirations for Philippine Archipelago is being political self-determination. The carried on by four agencies: Dr. J. G. Holdcroft, General Filipinization of the church has Secretarr of the Korea Sunday 1. The g 0 vel' n men t as- sumes responsibility for all lep-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ers and is endeavoring to seg- sion to prevent or lessen evils God and the Depression gregate them in the leper colony that come from the manufac- A call to prayer sent forth to at Culion. The population there ture, sale and use of intoxicants. Christian p e 0 pIe throughout is approximately 6,000. It is not a question of state Canada and the United States by 2. The Leonard Wood Memo- rights or personal rights and a group of business and profesrial is organized to study leprosy preference any more than is the scientifically, and has at its dis- sional men of Alberta, Canada, posal the sum of $2,000,000, traffic in narcotics and firearms. declares that there is no natural given in the United States. Its It is a question of the protection explanation for the pre sen t purpose is the eradication of leprosy. It is concerned merely of the weak, and the greatest "astounding" world-wide buswith the scientific study of lep- good for the greatest number. iness depression. They assume rosy and its prevention or cure. their share of responsibility and No part of its funds is available To learn facts about prohibition for lepers. and the liquor traffic it will be guilt for the depression in not worthwhile to procure a recent recognizing the existence or 3. The American Mission to copy of the "Quiz Book" from claims of God or His power to help. the Anti-Saloon League, Wester- ville, Ohio. This document has five divi- Lepers supports a missionary in Better Than a Brewery sions : a list of the facts, i.e.

Culion and helps the lepers in unemployment, overproduction, other ways. The owner of a large, now un- universal impotence in finding used, prewery became interested 4. The Philippine Anti-Lep- in the Goodwill Industries that the solution. Then follows the rosy Society was organized a help to furnish employment to few years ago to help the leper needy people of Terre Haute, In- assertion that divine displeasure patients. A careful and thor- diana, and donated the bricks is alone responsible for the situough survey was made two years from his brewery to build a new ation : next, confession that ago and revealed an appalling twenty-five thousand dollar comcondition with regard to former munity house and a three-story business men have conducted aflepers who left the colony and Goodwill industrial plant. The fairs as if profits were their sole tried to rehabilitate themselves. city of Terre Haute paid its un- objective, and have not loved Often they found, after years of employed artisans and laborers their neighbors as themselves; residence in the colony, that all to raze the old structure and that God's existence is not recogtheir family had died or were erect the new community house, nized. A day of prayer and scattered. They were feared, which was dedicated on January fasting is suggested, and finally and unable to obtain work. The the promise to do whatever is necessary to show their repent- ance and their obedience to God.

Anti-Leprosy 'S 0 c i e t y helps 28 by Bishop Edgar Blake of the Canvass Brings Results these discharged patients to find Methodist Episcopal Church. An new footholds. enlarged Goodwill Industries St. Louis church members had plant was also dedicated in Pitts- a revelation in the survey and NORTH AMERICA burgh by Bishop Herbert Welch. visitation evangelistic appeal of 85 white and 26 color e d The Goodwill methods provide churches, directed by Dr. A. Youth and Prohibition work for the handicapped and Earl Kernahan of Washington, While certain forces are agi- unemployed instead of pauper- D. C. Approximately 5,000 tating a repeal of the Prohibi- izing them. Social leaders are awoke to their responsibility, tion Amendment and a poll is urging the development of such and undertook a house-to-house being made to discover public work instead of giving a dole to visitation, with personal appeal sentiment, hundreds of young the unemployed. During the to non-church folk. The survey men and women attended the past four years the Goodwill In- covered 576,125 white persons 25th Biennial Convention of the dustries in sixty cities of the and 41,689 colored. Tabulation Anti-Saloon League held at United States have paid out $5,- of the findings for w hit e Washington, D. C., from the 544,241 in opportunity wages to churches showed 111,791 per- 15th to the 19th of January. In handicapped and unfortunate sons of all ages not attending place of the old slogan, "The people, and $1,902,420 in service Sunday schools, and 72,651 Saloon must go," the new tem- wages-a total of $7,446,661. white persons who have been perance battle cry is, "The Boot- Discarded materials collected members of or prefer Protestant legger must go." The old con- from many sources provided $9,- churches. At the end of the first flict was to take the saloon out 357,294 of the $11,697,060 re- week of personal evangelistic of politics and out of the com- quired to carryon the total appeal, 5,521 persons had given munity; the new fight is to take work. These industries have also their names for church memberbootlegging out of commerce greatly stimulated the morale ship. and the hip flask out of social among the unemployed through· life. Temperance and total ab- daily chapel services, churches of Italian Pastors Answer Pope stinence are personal moral Goodwill, rescue missions, and The Italian ministers of evanquestions; prohibition is a gov- personal work in Goodwill work- gelical faith in New York and vicinity, on January 4, adopted ernmental and patriotic provi- rooms, stores, and homes.

a paper commenting upon the coal regions. The mild winter, conducted in the poorer sections Papal Encyclical, Lux Veritatis, the competition of oil, electricity of the city and these have aided appealing for the return of the and water power have dealt a greatly in the fight against ma- separated Christian bodies to blow to the coal industry. laria. The majority of the staff the Church of Rome. They crit- The great problem lying back is Dominican. icize the Pope's manner of ap- of the immediate emergency is At Cap Haitien proaching the subject of church that of finding some new field of union, and call upon him to labor for these people, who are Rev. A. Groves Wood, Baptist "convene a true Ecumenical largely of American stock. missionary in Haiti, reports a band of about 30 thoroughly con- Council, to which all Christian Indian Mission Fire bodies will be represented and verted believers preparing for freedom of discussion permitted The United Lutheran Mission house at Rocky Boy Indian Mis- baptism in Cap Haitien. Servto all, so as to promote the de- sion, Montana, was completely ices are so well attended that sired reunion of all Christian destroyed on Sunday morning, many have only standing room. March 6th, during the Sunday churches on the fundamental po- school hour. Fortunately no New converts must face persesition of the Bible." cution; three have been turned -Christian Advocate. out of their homes because of Jerry McAuley Cremorne lives were .lost. The building their faith, but in each case a Mission housed industrial work and Christian home has opened to re- products, young people's activi- ceive them. Cap Haitien is re- For fifty continuous years the ties, Missionary Society and part puted to be the hardest town to of the Sunday school. It must win in Haiti. Jerry McAuley Cremorne Mis- be replaced at the earliest date sion, founded by the Apostle to so as not to jeopardize the work Bi-centennial in Virgin Islands the Lost whose name it bears, Special services were held on has been ministering twenty- w h i chis done successfully four hours a day to the spiritual the island of St. Thomas in the and bodily needs of the needy in among 600 Cree and Cherokee week beginning April 1st, in Indians.

the Tenderloin of New York. Move Toward Union commemoration of the 200th Today the electric sign over its anniversary of Moravian mis- door, "Jesus Saves," is working A plan for the union of the sionary work. It was in that through the love of God to trans- Presbyterian Church in the U.S. island that the first missionaries form human derelicts into self- A. and the United Presbyterian of the "United Brethren" as supporting, useful members of Church of North America has they were called, began their society, reuniting families and been completed and will be pre- work. Each congregation of saving souls to bear personal sented at the two general assem- Moravians throughout the world testimony to God's goodness. blies. The plan specifies that in has written a letter to the con- Through its superintendent and the event of union the name of greg.ation in the island of St. his assistants, and through the the church shall be the Presby- Thomas. Moravians have always prayers and financial support of terian Church of America. It planned their work on an interfriends, discouraged and some- looks forward to 1934 as the national scale, and their work is times desperate men have found year for the consummation. an inspiration to other societies. food, shelter, Christian friend- There will be further opporship, and, greater stilI, the saving friendship of Jesus Christ. LATIN AMERICA tunity later in the year for Mo- ravians in other countries to The Mission's fiftieth anni- Health Work in Santo Domingo celebrate wit h thanksgiving versary was celebrated March 6- 17 with appropriate services The new building of the Hos- these 200 years, but it is fitting each night. pital Internacional was opened that the first notes of thanksgiv- in Santo Domingo on February ing should be heard from the Save the Children 16th. The president, Mrs. M. island of St. Thomas. An organization known as the Katharine Bennett, officially rep- resented the Board for Christian Newspaper Evangelism in Brazil International Save the Children Work in Santo Domingo, under In the effort to spread the Fund has been organized, with whose auspices the hospital is Gospel over a large area in headquarters at 156 Fifth Ave., operated. The ceremony was at- Brazil and to enter doors closed New York. Its object is the tended by high officials of the na- to evangelical workers, it is care of children in the stricken tional and city government, and planned to pub lis h a little mining districts of America and . was an outstanding event in the monthly paper called Light and to help secure funds for work life of the city. This institution Life. It will be advertised in among children in other lands. is recognized as the leader in its the Bahia dailies that this paper At present the Fund is endeav- field and maintains the only will be sent free to anyone for a oring to provide clothing and training school for nurses in the period of six months. Some of medical aid for at least 20,000 republic and the only baby the fields are so large that the destitute children in Kentucky clinic. Regular clinics have been missionaries can only visit some

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

points once a year. Light and Mennonite Central Committee school in Valparaiso. Some of Life will be sent to these isolat- will superintend the coloniza- the teachers have been educated ed places in an endeavor to con- tion. in mission schools and never serve the gains and awaken in- have received the State certifiterest in the Gospel during the For most of the refugees, the cates. However, two have gone absence of the missionary. arrival at Paraguay will mark to Normal School to continue the end of a long trek from the their studies, and missionaries A mother and daughter are Volga River, into Manchuria, in are receiving encouraging renow attending the Bahia Church constant fear of recapture by ports. The two young women as a result of newspaper evan- Soviet patrols. Various relief and a third, who was once a stugelism. There are many in Bra- agencies have been providing dent at the Central Escuela Popzil hungering for the Bread of food and shelter until arrange- ular, have been called shining Life. Newspaper evangelism ments for permanent settlement sparks. By their honesty and seeks out those searching for the elsewhere could be made. The unselfishness they have succeedtruth and brings them into con- Lutheran contingent will prob- ed in interesting others in Christact with Christ. ably be sent to Brazil, though tianity. The girls con d u c t some hope of permission to enter prayer meetings in their room, Single-Handed Evangelization Australia is still held by the and many students assemble to American Lutheran authorities. listen. Dr. Tucker of the American Smaller groups belonging to Bible Society's Agency in Brazil other denominations will throw Bible Burning in Bolivia tells of a Gospel work carried in their lot with either the Menon for 30 years· by a man from nonites or the Lutherans. Mr. Charles H. Larson, mis- Toronto, Mr. Perrin Smith. -The Christian Intelligencer. sionary of the Bolivian Indian Without help from any church Mission, writes: or society and, realizing what New Interest in Peru property he possessed, set out "Last November brought two alone to the heart of the state of The Rev. Harry Strachan, missionary priests to Capinota Maranhao. Soon he was engaged passing over Peru with the help to hold a mission and to prepare in an intensive evangelization of of an aeroplane, has brought the way for the bishop, who a great area calling for long and such a message from God that came a week later. arduous journeys on horseback Christian sowers and reapers over difficult and little known have been able to rejoice to- "The priests told the people trails. Everywhere the message gether. Dr. Montano, of Lima, t hat Protestant missionaries was given-in farmsteads, vil- tells how the meetings conducted were the most immoral and imlages and towns, and nearly al- by Mr. Strachan produced the becile of folks, and that all who ways in the open air, as still is effect upon the city that they had were deceived by us would turn his custom. His labors have hoped and prayed for but which out the same. A great effort was been so abundant and so blessed had been hindered by the out- made to collect the 'bad Protthat now he can make journeys break of revolution. estant literature' to burn (Bibles of many weeks' duration, yet and New Testaments considered every night rest in the house of Dr. Montano writes: "The the worst of all). They got about some believer. At present, he is church was filled, the people fifty New Testaments from folks supporting several native work- listening with rapt attention as who went to confession. ers by selling milk and honey in is seldom seen, and apparently the city of Barra where he is so hungry for the Word. The last "When the bishop came they respected as to have been offered meeting of the series was mar- made a bonfire of all this literathe post of mayor, which offer vellous. Of the three hundred ture. The bishop also told the he declined. and fifty people present, almost people afterwards that they -The Sunday School Times. all remained, and many indicat- ought to bring in their firewood ed their desire to know Christ and burn the Protestant mis- Refugees Bound for Paraguay and follow Him. At the close sionaries as well." we gave out two hundred and The first contingent of the 1,- ten Testaments of the Million -The Moody Monthly. 700 or 1,800 Christian refugees Testament Cam p a i g n. The from Russia left their tempo- outcome of these services has EUROPE rary haven at Harbin, Manchu- been a most valuable impulse to ria, early in February. Three our work." Evangelicals in Spain hundred Mennonites sailed from Shanghai for Marseilles in Feb- -South America. Evangelical Spaniards welruary and these two groups will comed with rejoicing the estabbe transported to Argentina, Teachers in Chile lishment of the Republic. It thence to Paraguay, where the represented the purification of refugees will settle. The Nan- The new law which permits national life. It means a spiritsen Refugee Commission is ar- only te.achers with State certifi- ual liberation of Evangelicals, ranging transportation and the cates to teach in Chile has affect- giving the full right to worship ed the Central Escuela Popular, according to our conscience. . . . a Presbyterian Mission .girls' Weare pleased that the first president of the Republic is a

man of religious faith and has liens is pastor, has opened a The Gossner Mission Society, invoked divine guidance, repair- new outstation at Boulogne-sur- organized in 1836, works excluing privately to the church to Seine, and a book shop is in full sively in India. It has 7 misrender his vows. swing. Cheering reports come sionaries, 885 native helpers, from West Africa, Normandy, 119,922 converts, 5,106 proba- The new Spanish constitution Brittany, Fontenay and the tioners, 5,419 male and 1,730 feis superior to many that are in Paris "Black Zone," where this male students. force among nations considered church supports w 0 r k e r s. among the most advanced. With- Through the Gospel Sky-Sign The Leipzig Mission Society, out falling into extremes it has Mission, i I I u min ate d texts, organized in 1836, has its fields solved problems which, like that flashed from the roof of the Tab- in India, East Africa (Tanganof the separation of Church and ernacle, are read daily by hun- yika). It reports 55 mission- State, have taken thirty years to dreds of people. Large numbers aries, 640 native helpers, 31,764 solve in other countries and of unconverted people attend the converts, 3,155 probationers, which are yet to be solved, as in service, and last year thirty- 11,163 male and 6,798 female the Argentine Republic. An two converts, mostly ex-Roman- students. Italian paper says, "Spain teach- ists, were baptized. es." The new constitution has The Hermannsburg Missionsolved the religious problem, giv- German Evangelical Missions ary Society was organized in ing just and fair solutions, ap- 1849. It works in Natal, Transproving the freedom of worship, A survey of the eight oldest vaal and Abyssinia. It has 108 the secularization of.the ceme- G e r man missionary societies missionaries, 254 native helpers, teries, the respect for the con- gives the following summary: 105,495 converts, 1,001 probascience of soldiers and marines, tioners, 5,080 male and 7,309 feand civil marriage. All these are Moravian Mission, which is male students. questions which the Spanish celebrating its 200th anniver- Evangelical Alliance and all sary this year, 62 missionaries, Hungarian Christian Students Spanish Protestants had written 540 native h e I per s, 38,576 on their banner. heathen converts, 1,824 proba- The winter conference of the tioners, 8,388 male and 7,699 fe- Hungarian Student Christian -Espana Evangelica. male pupils. It works in East Movement this year coincided and West Africa and Nyasaland. with the 25th anniversary of the Turning from Marx to God founding of the movement. The The Basel Mission Society, or- significance of this movement in An American correspondent ganized in 1918, has 192 mis- developing permanent Christian of The Presbyterian Banner in sionaries and 1,894 native help- leadership is proved by the thou- Falkenstein, Saxony, writes: ers in China, Borneo, India, the sands of its former members "Prayers go up from the back Gold Coast and Cameroun. It now in positions of authority room of the textile factory. The reports a total of 65,596 heath- and influence throughout Czechworkers are praying for help. en converts, 7,259 probationers, oslovakia. Prayers go up from the prayer 27,706 male and 7,127 female halls on a dozen corners of pupils. Learning from Russia Falkenstein. The jobless of 'Red' Falkenstein are on their The Berlin Mission Society, Nobody has ever called me a knees. 'Red' Falkenstein has organized in 1824, is at work in Bolshevik, or accused me of too turned from Marx to God. In China, South Africa and East great sympathy with the Rusthe midst of the 'hardest winter Africa. It reports 166 mission- sian Soviets; yet I confess to in 100 years,' this community of aries, 1,797 native helpers, 89,- real admiration for the Moscow 15,000 souls has a higher per- 927 converts, 3,087 probationers, Government on some counts. In centage of unemployment and of 24,827 male and 17,945 female certain particulars it has shown misery than any other in Ger- more sense, more strategy and many. It seems likely that in all students. more statesmanship, than any its troubled post-war history other government or organiza- Germany can present no more The Rhenish Mission Society, tion on earth. The Russians are impressive proof of popular be- organized in 1828, is working miles ahead of the Church with wilderment than the 'flight to principally in Cape Colony, respect to one of the Church's religion' in one-time revolution- South and West Africa, Suma- own particular problems. ary Falkenstein." Is anyone tra, Nias, Mentawei, China. It moved to brand this as supersti- reports 270 missionaries, 1,404 Upon the subject of youth tion? We would rather cast in native helpers, 435,236 converts, training they have seen straight our lot with these Germans and 20,782 probationers, 35,396 male and acted sanely. To them it their faith than with the philoso- and 14,603 female students. has been clear from the first, phy of materialistic atheism. and of uppermost importance, The Bremen Mission Society, that they must prepare a new Pastor Sailliens in Paris organized in 1836, is at work in generation of Russians if they English and French Togo and are to make their experiment a The Paris Tabernacle Church, the Gold Coast. It has 14 mis- success. So from the cradle to of which Pastor Reuben SaiI- sionaries, 269 native helpers, maturity, they have drilled the 30,518 converts, and 7,505 stu- dents.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

young people intensively in the the formation of a Medical Mis- brought white ministers, while principles and practice of Bol- sionary Association, representa- by truck, by bicycle, or wearily shevism-thus creating a rather tive of all the churches, the ob- trudging along on foot came the ominous situation for religion jects of which would be: native representatives. One eland for world order. der, a delegate to Presbytery, 1. To coordinate the work of who is also an important govern- -William T. Ellis, LL. D. medical missions with a view to ment headman, came in his per- ensuring their distribution in sonally-owned Ford truck driven AFRICA the most needy areas. The first by a native chauffeur; bicycles step towards this would be a were common among the native "The Tireless Missionary" medical survey of the country to brethren. Not many years ago ascertain the population, preva- the white II!-en all rode bicycles, On the edge of the worst slum lence of disease, and existing fa- and the natIves were all on foot. in Cairo, a quarter with the rep- cilities for medical treatment in utation of having the largest various areas. There were present at this criminal population and the meeting of Presbytery at Mchighest infant mortality in the 2. To educate public opinion Lean Station in Cameroun, West city, the missionaries of the as to the need for medical mis- Africa, 39 ordained ministers of Church Missionary Society have sion work, and especially to im- whom 17 were missionaries. a bulletin board at the mission press upon the government and Probably 45 of the 50 churches entrance. On this board they the Provincial authorities the were represented by elders; post a large Bible picture, value of the work being done, while 30 licentiates and local changed each week, and call it and to obtain increased facilities evangelists were also present. "the missionary who never gets for such work. tired." There is a printed ex- These men gathered on the planation of the picture in Ara- -South African Outlook. benches in the Lolodorf church. bic. The picture has never been From whence have they come? torn or stolen, and all day long Adopting Babies From Batanga on the coast to little groups gather and gaze at 400 miles inland almost to the it while one of their number The McBurney Orphanage at eastern border of Cameroun reads the explanation. Elat recently reported 69 or- and 200 miles from Bafia on th~ phan babies under their care. north to the border of Spanish A book is usually mentioned, There are also 60 childless fam- Guinea on the south, and then which people are invited to come ilies waiting for babies to adopt. on along the Spanish Guinea into the mission and buy. The They cannot just say "give me coastline for another 150 miles. missionaries observe a cycle of a baby"; they must present a prayer, including a day when written application telling of A fine group of men are the the work of providing literature their wish and Christian expe- native ministers and licentiates. is especially remembered. The rience. Unless they are church They show evidence of their edufirst day when the work was so members they cannot have a cation and training in the alert remembered was the first day child. Their church session or look and frank countenance. A that anyone came in to buy one of the missionaries must well-dressed Bulu minister from books. Two Moslems were the also recommend the couple. The Bafia is stationed among a tribe first customers. foster mother must also spend famous for their scantiness of two months at the orphanage apparel. The native minister, Really good religious pictures, caring for the child she wishes, long in charge of the Efulan especially in the large sizes, are under the supervision of matron church, in his earlier experience of great use in dealing with pa- and nurses. She is also visited dwelt among cannibals. The tients in hospitals who cannot as frequently as possible after white-mustachioed elder of the read, and also for Bible women the child leaves to see that all Corisco church traveled 150 who take them about for teach- is going well. As far as possi- miles in an open surf-boat on the ing in people's homes. ble the babies are returned to ocean, and then 70 miles by mo- their own tribe and have been tor .to attend this meeting. Medical Mission Cooperation sent to the homes of masons, car- penters, chauffeurs, teachers Christians "Turn Malay" A great deal of discussion is and evangelists-the latter pretaking place as to the best means dominating. Never are the ba- The Pilot, official organ of of providing medical services bies forgotten in prayer when Cape Town Diocese, states that for natives in rural areas. In the nurses meet for morning many Christian men and women the South African Medical Jour- worship. are lapsing into Mohammedannal Dr. A. W. Burton strongly ism. Not infrequently men "turn advocates "coordinating all serv- A Picturesque Presbytery Malay" to marry Moslem girls. ices in the interests of the na- In one parish a confirmation tives at the mission centers al- On that warm, mid-December class of forty girls was asked to ready established" and adds that day strangers were passing over hold hands up if they knew any "at such centers medical serv- every road leading to the mis- Christian girls who had gone ices could with much advantage sion station. Fords, Chevrolets, over to Islam; practically every be added." In view of this in- Chryslers and mot 0 r c y c I e s terest, the time is opportune for

hand went up. The reason why of Jerusalem and has been sent to Persia in 1926 as a short-time the Moslem is stronger for Islam to the pro-Arabian Committee volunteer teacher in Stuart Methan the Christian is for Christ, for consideration. It is recom- morial College. He acquired a the article suggests, is a want of mended that this conference be working knowledge of Persian teaching among the colored peo- under the chairmanship of a and spent his spare time in ple, where the lapses take place. neutral person, upon whom both evangelizing the Persian vil- Church people are not suffi- sides and also the English Gov- lages. During the bitter winter ciently grounded in their re- ernment could agree; that Pales- in Isfahan, day after day he ran ligion, and too much is taken for tine be divided into separate ad- a soup kitchen in the poorest granted. There is great need for ministrative districts; that Jew- part of the city. His evangelisthe constant instruction of sim- ish interests be concentrated in tic tours carried him into remote ple church people living in Mos- one of these districts, to be called mountain districts where he was lem districts, on the imperative "National Home for :fews"; that in peril of robbers. Once he was duty of standing fast in the the Jewish district be part of the arrested and kept a prisoner for faith, and on the falsity of the Palestinian State and be subject a week, which time he devoted religion of Islam, so that they to the Palestinian Constitution; to evangelizing the soldiers may know how to give a reason that the constitution assure full guarding him. It was an experifor the faith that is in them. autonomy for the Jewish popula- ence in all kinds of hardships- tion, but only with regard to intense cold, intense heat, ver- -South African Outlook. inner Jewish affairs; that it also min, short rations, and much guarantee to the Jews a due par- else. WESTERN ASIA ticipation in the general govern- ment of the land. It is also pro- His devotion cost his life, and Near East Christian Council posed that inhabitants of the he has passed on after an attack Jewish District be given a time of typhus. In his clear mo- The chief factor in the deci- to emigrate to other districts if ments he was much concerned sion to organize the Near East they wish. Both sides are to about the police of Isfahan. He Christian Council was the Mos- have the privilege of appeal to used sometimes to ride down the lem problem. In order to more the League of Nations against main avenue of the town on his effectively and rapidly evangel- any decision of the Tribunal. bicycle without a lamp, so that ize the 77,000,000 Moslems of the policeman who would stop the Near East, it was seen that -Alliance Weekly. him might hear about Jesus. closer cooperation was essential "Nurse," he cried in delirium, among the hundred societies, Mohammedanism in Cyprus "do you know the police have with their 2,000 missionaries at only one quilt and no charcoal work in that field. Accordingly, Mohammedanism too kits and it is so cold!" and he threw the C 0 u n c i I was definitely start in Cyprus when the island his own eiderdown quilt off the launched in 1927, and about was conquered by the Osmans in bed. His last prayer was a 50 % of the mission workers are 1571. There are 65,000 Turks thanksgiving to God for the now in its fellowship. who belong to the Sunnite-Hani- friendship of Jesus. fites. The Order of the Mewlewi The influence of the Central has a dervish convent in Niko- Bishop Linton writes: "We Literature Committee for Mos- sia, which is ruled by a hered- praise God for Clifford Harris lems extends far beyond the itary sheik. There are three who gave his life for village Near East; in fact, wherever Turkish dailies. A Mohamme- evangelism in Persia and for the missionaries work among Mo- dean-Christian con g r e gation hammedans, its literature may there is very small and station- poor of Persia." be used. Other Committees are ary in its development. The -Sunday School Times. on Christian Education; on Mis- island is provided with literasions and Governments; on Jew- ture by the students of a religi- INDIA AND BURMA ish work-it is thought by some ous seminary in Athens conductthat christianized Jews make ed by Prof. Levonian. So far Influence of Books the best missionaries to Mos- there have been circulated 2,050 lems; and another on Relations copies of the Scriptures and A reading room in Nasik City to Ancient Oriental Churches. A there was a great demand for is doing a useful work. For sixth Committee is very impor- literature in the new alphabet some months there has not been tant, that on Evangelism. The based on the Latin. An Ar- seating room for those who Rev. Robert P. Wilder, D.D., is menian pastor reports that he come. Time was when trouble General Secretary of this Coun- has visited 622 villages of the making persons used to snatch cil. island and preached unhindered. from readers' hands books on the Christian religion, and give Palestinian Jews and Arabs A Volunteer in Persia them instead other books to read. Once a Brahman student A round-table conference of Clifford Harris, educated in protested: "Mr. Gandhi and Jews and Arabians to consider the "Blue Coat School," London, other leaders have decided to orpoints by which these two peo- and at King's College, went out der their conduct by the teachples could work together, has ing of the Lord Jesus Christ. the approval of the Grand Mufti They have given an uplift to all

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

India. Mr. Gandhi himself has little personal luggage and a pile their children to the schools ato b s e r v e d Christ's teaching: of Gospels. On the first journey tended by children of caste 'Love your enemies; if anyone he met an educated gentleman, Hindus. But with the Baroda smite thee on the one cheek, of- who seemed to be interested. Government standing firm, refer to him the other also,' and "But after all, what is the es- sentment cannot hold out in so doing has given India an sence of the true religion ?" against an increasingly enlightexcellent example. Under his asked the gentleman. "Is it not ened public opinion. own supervision Bible teaching sufficient for one to obey one's is given in Ahmedabad ColJege. conscience?" "T rue religion," Pandita Ramabai Hostel So if there is such good teach- answered the student, "is that Wilson College, Bombay, has ing in the Bible, why should we which brings a man freedom and completed a scheme whereby not read it?" From then on no lifts him out of the mire of sin." twenty Indian women students further trouble occurred. "I confess that I am not a re- are provided with hostel facili- -C. M. S. Outlook. ligious man," con tin u e d the ties in the new building named stranger. "I have to work hard the Pandita Ramabai Hostel. Shock Troops Not Shaken to earn my living and support When the American Ramabai The North India Methodist my family. Some day I hope to Association was dissolved a few Conference ref use s to give have time to study the subject years ago, it transferred its ground. When its appropria- of religion. I believe in getting fund of a lakh of rupees to Wil- tion was cut 9,000 rupees this salvation from my own religion son College for this purpose, and year, its best known member, E. which I have inherited from my gave a further sum of Rs, 20,- Stanley Jones, offered to make fathers." 000; Wilson College authorities up one third of this amount, "But have you studied the supplied the balance, and the each missionary family agreed Bible?" asked the student. "Have Church of Scotland Mission the to give 45 rupees each month for you a copy?" site.

one year and the Conference "Yes, I have a copy," was the American Aid in Dornakal voted a 10% cut on all salaries answer. "It was given me oy the Bible Society when I grad- Since March 1, 1930, the Anabove 45 rupees a month. -Christian Advocate. uated .at Calcutta. But I have glican Church in India has been not read it much." a free and independent branch Gandhi Exhorts India Christians He promised to read the book of the Anglican Communion; no Just before his arrest, Mahat- and the two men parted. longer the Church of England in ma Gandhi issued the following -W. E. H. Organ in The Stu- India, but the Church of India, message to Indian Christians: dent Outlook. Burma, and Ceylon; free to for- I trust that in the struggle on Schools for "Untouchables" mulate its own Constitution, Canons, and order of service. It which the country is about to embark One of India's most difficult has before it the task of giving Indian Christians who tender their problems is that of the "un- a characteristically national inloyalty to the one whom they call the touchables," involving social, terpretation to Christianity. Prince of Peace will not be behind economic and religious ramifica- The Episcopal Church is now to any community in the struggle which tions. The Round Table Con- cooperate, and missionary work is essentially based on peace. I suggest that service in the national strug- gle is an infinitely greater safeguard ference gave prominence to the will be commenced in the Dio- question and many Christian cese of Dornakal, which for for the protection of a minority that missionaries have been working has rendered such service than any for years upon the problem. A many years has had vigorous paper security. mass movements. During the I would like to lay stress .on .khad- dar (homespun cloth) and prohibition. solution seems to have been be- last decade the average increase gun in a recent decision in the in church membership has been … r hope that every Christian home Baroda State, abolishing special schools for "untouchable" chil- over 7,000. In point of memberwill be adorned by the installation of ship the diocese is the largest in the spinning wheel and every Chris- tian .body with khaddar spun and woven by the hands of our poor coun- dren, and opening the govern- India, yet vast tracts are still trymen and countrywomen. ment primary schools to these untouched by any evangelistic children. This has caused some agency. I have never understood how a resentment among Hindu vil- Christian can take intoxicating drink. The particular field that has Did not Jesus say to Satan when he went to seduce Him, "Get thee behind lagers, resulting in oppression; been offered to the Episcopal me, Satan"? Is not intoxicating drink Satan incarnate? How can a Chris- crops of "untouchables" have Church lies in the Hyderabad tian serve both Satan and Christ? State, an Indian Native State. been destroyed, kerosene poured A ·Pilgrim with the Gospel into their wells and one social Eventually, it will be called upon worker was stoned. In some to share in the activities of the A student in the Central Prov- villages caste people withdraw whole diocese. There is also inces decided to spend part of their children from the schools scope for inaugurating and de- ·his long vacation bearing wit- and in others there is a move to veloping the educational, medi- ness for his Lord. He set out on get the "untouchables" to give cal and economic activities of a journey, partly by train and a written statement to the effect the Church.

partly on foot, carrying a very that they are unwilling to send -Spirit of Missions.

Lutheran Advances added the other thirty-seven per J esse Lee Corley on behalf of the cent because the work was al- World's Sunday School Associa- The Board of Foreign Mis- ready planned and workers em- tion. Dr. Corley was in China sions of the United Lutheran ployed, but this situation cannot from October, 1930, to Septem- Church reports that the Andhra be met another year. Our writ- ber, 1931 as chairman of the Evangelical Lutheran Church ing of retrenchment does not deputation of five that made the in India, in its annual conven- mean that we are willing to re- survey. Twenty-seven centers tion last fall,' ordained twenty- trench without making a sac- were visited, four t r a i n i n g three native Indian men to the rifice ourselves, and we are al- schools held and two national Christian ministry. This is the ready giving for support of work gatherings. first class to be ordained since that seems urgently necessary the Andhra Evangelical Luther- no less than $3,000." The National Committee for an Church was reorganized. It Christian Religious Education was also decided by the Board CHINA AND MANCHURIA in China was formed as the that no person appointed to in- Committee on Religious Educadependent charge of work un- Manchuria or Manchoukuo? tion for the National Christian der the General Work Commit- Council. Dr. C. S. Miao and tee in India shall be permitted On February 26, the new Rev. Ronald Rees are the gento stand for any elective govern- State of Manchuria was named eral secretaries of the new commental office during the next "Manchoukuo." – The w 0 r d mittee. twelve months, except by ap- "M a n" meaning Manchuria, proval of the General Work "Chou" meaning a large area, Students Turn to Christ Committee. and "kuo," being the generic name for a nation or state. Out of the group of students Burma Observations Changchun was made the capi- in Foochow College, China, who tal, according to a statement is- decided definitely to become Rev. B. C. Case, Baptist work- sued by the "Administrative Christians during the recent viser in Pyinmana, Burma, after a Committee" at Mukden. The it of Sherwood Eddy, 33 have visit to the rural conference at ruler of the country, the state- been received into church mem- Nagpur, India, says: "I have ment continues, shall be called bership and 25 have expressed a had opportunities to observe Chin Cheng, meaning Dictator, des ire for further training. other mission activities, aside and he was provisionally install- Christian schools in China, says from those related to agricul- ed as such until formally initi- Rev. Ralph R. Shrader, have ture. There seems to be a great- ated "by the will of the people, ceased to be "the" Christian er understanding and acceptance according to the constitution to schools and are becoming "our" of the spirit of Christ by edu- be promulgated in the future." Christian schools. Many of the cated Hindus than appears prev- students who were drawn away alent among the educated Bud- A new five-colored flag has from the Church by Commudhists in Burma. The theistic been adopted as the banner of nism, or who were repelled by background may help to make Manchoukuo. The bottom of what seemed to them "ultrathis easier. I heard remarkable yellow, with red, blue, white and conservatism" are now giving statements of the recognition of black bars above. that institution another trial. Christ's uniqueness and adora- "We have led these young peotion of him by Hindus at meet- The name of the new era is ple out of their old ways of ings to celebrate Christmas. Ta Tung, meaning "Great Un- thinking;. they can never go Part of this may be due to the ion," and the temporary Dicta- b a c k. We must see them generations of Christian teach- tor, selected by the Japanese and through," says Mr. Shrader, ing carried on in mission schools under their protection, is Henry who believes that if the Chriso~ the land. . . This trip has Pu-Yi, the former Manchu "Boy tian Church fails to win the alglven me a greater appreciation Emperor" of China. He is a legiance of these young people, of and admiration for India and young man of about twenty-sev- through misunderstanding or its spiritual attainments." en years of age and is without lack of vision, many of the best any governmental experience. and most idealistic will turn to Missionaries Help Reduce Deficit Communism. A body of 2,000 old Kirin In Burma the national teach- troops, as the forces opposing Conflict in Kiangsi ers have decided to give a the dominion in Manchuria are month's salary or more to help known, are operating on the Communist forces govern and carry their schools through this western section of the Chinese devastate large areas in Kiangsi. year.of cut bUdgets. From Miss Eastern Railway. The Japanese In Yuanchow, men and women Lettie Archer, Baptist mission- have established a strong garri- have been ordered to forsake the ary in West China comes the son at Harbin. worship of God and take up the statement: "We receive from Communist cause, and on refus-' the Woman's Foreign Society Religious Education Plans ing to do so many have been but sixty-three per cent of what murdered. In about eight cenwe must use. This year we have "Religious Education in the ters it has been impossible to Chinese Church," is a report which tells of the work of Dr.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

carryon Christian services, but any education and from non- mittee on work for Moslems, generally they courageously con- Christian homes, thronged the through which all missions tinue to meet secretly. The gen- classrooms and overflowed the working among Chinese Moseral impression is that interest yards. The girl teachers were lems might cooperate. Special in the Gospel is greater than swamped and sent out an S 0 S literature and special training ever. to the boys who were itinerat- for the missionaries are re- A new venture in Nanchang ing. The latter responded and quired, and can best be provided is a Gospel message in the ad- hurried in to help the girls take in cooperation. vertisement columns of a local care of this mob of lively, noisy newspaper. The same message and interested children. Oldest Chinese Baptist Church appears every day for a week, The school lasted for four The oldest Chinese Baptist and is changed each Monday weeks and over 180 attended church in the world is located at m 0 r n i n g. Several inquiries faithfully, rain or shine, during Bangkok. It is said to be the have resulted and one inquirer the hottest of the season. The oldest organized Chinese Prothas been definitely converted. youthful teachers showed a fine estant church in the world and Another wrote that he had lost spirit of enthusiastic service. has been meeting in the same all his relatives in bandit trou- place for a hundred years. bles and was in despair and was A special Bible class, held by thinking of becoming a Bud- the pastor, was attended by the A variety of work is carried entire group of eighteen volun- on, including a kindergarten, dhist monk. The first message tarily. The great principles of numbering twenty-one. A colspoke to him, the second seemed Christianitywere expounded and porteur is doing excellent work to be just what he was needing, questions were asked and an- in Chinese and Siamese. About and he wanted to receive liter- a mile away from the old church ature which would tell him more swered. One result is that the a mission has been opened and a of the Gospel. group unanimously dec 1are d school started. their intention 'to join the Chris- -China's Millions. tian groups in their respective An Encouraging Experiment schools and to make friends A Place to Pray In China one of the most diffi- with the Christian leaders there. Over the pulpit of the church cult jobs for the church pastor This experiment gives much en- at Chungju is an electric light is the finding of work for the which burns all night long, so young people of the church. Our couragement for the future of that any persons wishing to East Suburb Church in Tsinan, enter the church to pray may do Shantung, has tackled this prob- the Church and Christianity in lem with good results. so. One of the doors is always China. open. Often before daylight K. K. THOMPSON, Presbyterian Mission, Tsinan.

Eighteen young Chinese con- General Asks for Prayer Christians will come to pray be- fore beginning the duties of the nected with the Church include The Chinese army general in day, as few, if any, of them have thirteen g i r I san d five boys command at Yangchow request- any private places in their ed local Christians to have a homes for prayer. The average who are attending Senior High series of special prayer meet- size of the rooms is 7 x 7 feet Schools in Tsinan, Tungchow ings for China. He attended one and these are often occupied by (Hopei), and in Peiping. Not of the meetings and talked three or four members of the all are baptized members, but plainly about the weakness of family who sleep on the floor. they are all friendly with the the Chinese character, and how C h r is t ian movement. These they did not need to fear Japa- By Families, Not Individuals young people returned last sum- nese airplanes and cannon so mer for their vacations, and the much as their own hearts. The A radical change in method Church leaders decided to ask Rev. E. H. Forster says the has been made by the Episcopal the girls to take up some regular meetings showed a genuine Mission in Changshu. Except in Christian service in a Daily Va- Christian attitude, there was very special instances, single incation Bible School. The boys m u c h earnest prayer that the dividuals are no longer baptized, were organized into a preaching truth might be known, that but it is insisted that whole band under the leadership of one officials of China and Japan families come together, or wait. of the older evangelists to make might act with justice and This is an experiment, but reshort trips into the nearby coun- righteousness, and that the sults for the past three years try towns, where they would sing hands of the League of Nations have justified the attempt. The hymns, preach and hold conver- and a 11 other organizations obvious advantage is that it sations with those interested. working for world peace might makes for stability in Christian be strengthened. belief and practice for each These eighteen students unan- person. There have been in imously agreed to take up these Moslems in China projects. The Daily Vacation Bible School enrollment mounted the past many instances of los- until 280 were registered. These The National Christian Coun- ing members of the Church beboys and girls from the neigh- cil of China has under consider- cause in a family where only borhood, most of them without ation the formation of a com- one member is a Christian,

it is most difficult for him origin, representing the Presby- pected that Buddhism will enact to refuse to take part in the terian, Lutheran, Baptist and a more vigorous propaganda in numerous heathen rites in con- other Protestant denominations. Europe. nection with the worship of There are now branches of the household gods, and ancestors. Alliance in New York, Phila- The Bible for Siberian Exiles For a son to refuse the sacrifices delphia, Pittsburgh, Toronto, due to his father or mother is Chicago, Los Angeles and San The work which the National unthinkable. A Christian son Francisco. In 1925 the Inter- Bible Society of :::lcotland is domay be able to pass this filial national Hebrew Christian Al- ing among Siberian exiles in duty on to one of his non-Chris- liance was organized with head- Manchuria has been more and tian brothers, if he has any. If quarters in London, England. more fruitful. Directors of the not, and the duty falls upon him, Now there are alliances in four- three Russian High Schools at very often his Christian con- teen countries of the world. Sir Harbin provided all the children science is stifled by the pressure Leon Levison, of Edinburgh, an with copies of the Gospels. Siof family and relatives. On the elder of St. George's Church and multaneously complete Bibles death of a Christian member of president of the board of direc- were bought by the Parents' the family its connection with tors of The Life of Faith (the Committees of these schools, and Christianity is ended. organ of the Keswick Move- distributed among the school ment) and The Christian, of children. Thus over 200 copies This method makes for London, is the president of the of the Bible, and over 2,000 Gosstronger roots and a growth that International Alliance. pels were distributed. will continue throughout succeeding generations. The Alliance has a threefold Copies of the Gospels have mission: also been circulated among refu- -Spirit of Missions. gees coming from Soviet Russia. 1. A united Hebrew Chris- Again and again, refugees ex- Stirring Times in Manchuria tian witness to' the Church that claim that the Gospels are of Israel is still beloved of God and more value than food and cloth- We are having stirring times that the Christian has a mis- ing. In spite of Bolshevik athein Manchuria. Until recently we sionary duty to the Jews of the ist assertions that the entire were entirely free from the world. younger generation is godless, troubles which were rending the evidence accumulates that the south asunder. Now it seems 2. It aims to proclaim Christ opposite is true. Both in Rusour turn to know what danger to unbelieving Jewish brethren sia and Siberia are new revivals, and distress mean. We are in and urge the acceptance of Him chiefly among young people. At the very center of the struggle as a personal Saviour. one place in Russia, the secrezone. tary of a Communist Youths' 3. To present a tangible ex- Movement was converted. He Our great concern is for our pression and testimony to the had been a leader in all commu- Christians and the evangelists unbelieving world that the Gos- nistic movements among the who have their wives and chil- pel is as strong today as ever in Youth. Other similar cases are dren and are from North China. the conversion and regeneration recorded. It is all we can do to keep some of Jews. of these quiet. Among One Million Bataks The Hebrew Christian Alli- We desire most earnestly that ance Quarterly, is published in Dr. Warneck of the Rhenish China may not be crushed, nor Chicago, and is a magazine of Mission in Sumatra states that have any of her possessions exceptional merit. Jacob Peltz the chief problem at present is taken unjustly from her, but we is managing editor. the care of the Christians and feel that the leaders of China es- further extension of the work. pecially need to be taught a les- Growth of Buddhism There are one million Bataks of son in simple justice and hon- whom one-fourth are Christians. esty. China must learn that she The International Buddhist Protestant missions have' two cannot be reckoned as on a plane Union plans to hold a Buddhist energetic opponents, Islam and with other great nations while 'world congress in December, Roman Catholicism. There is foreign life and property are un- 1932. The place of meeting is to urgent need for more European protected. China needs 0 u I' be Siam, if the king of that coun- m iss i onaries. A theological prayers now as never before. try agrees, if not, in Rangoon. school is being started in Java The vice-president of the Maha- for the training of native pas- -{Mrs. J.J Rosalind Go- bodhi Society in London, B. L. tors and workers and all mission forth. Broughton, is at present en- societies in the Dutch East In- gaged in a tour comprising Bur- dies are cooperating. Schools GENERAL ma, Siam, Cambodia, China, and are increasing, but in the land of Japan in order to inaugurate the Bataks thousands are still The Hebrew Christian Al1iance consulates of the International waiting for the Gospel. Buddhist Union. The effort is This organization of Christian being made to get all divisions Jews was founded in 1913, in of Buddhism all over the world Pittsburgh, Pa., by a group of into closer cooperation. It is ex- Christian ministers of Hebrew Our Missionary Bookshelf Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information A. C. Dixon, A Romance of Preach- else, A. C. Dixon was one of the Education Be L eft tot h e ing. By Helen C. Alexander Dixon. greatest preachers of his gener- State?" "The T r a i n in g of 324 pp. $5. Putnam. New York. ation, sound in the faith, and Teachers," "The Education of 1931. tireless in evangelical zeal. Women and Girls," "Missions and Governments." Few non-professional writers Mrs. Dixon has measured up undertake three extended biog- to her task. Although she her- There is no claim for originalraphies in one life time-a dis- self is a Britisher, the chapters ity in the positions taken and tinction achieved by Helen C. on American history in the time defined. The principles stated Alexander Dixon. The life of of the Civil War and reconstruc- are educationally sound. The her father, Richard Cadbury of tion period not only reveal tact chief difficulty, as the authors Birmingham, England, and the and grace but form a worthy point out, lies not in the statelife of her former husband, contribution to the bibliography ment of the principles but in the C h a r I e s M. Alexander, are of American history. She could securing of their practical appliworthy of the splendid recep- write with especial sympathy on cation. But the very exposition tions accorded them. Her third Dr. Dixon's London ministry, of, and the focusing of minds biography, the life of A. C. Dix- and in the delineation of his life upon, such principles will help on, her second husband, is, in as a great international preach- to produce in time a unified miscertain respects, her supreme ef- er she has excelled, showing sionary opinion and allegiance clear insight into the facts and and program, and the Christian fort. forces which made Dr. Dixon an movement in Africa is under ob- The art of the SCUlptor or the able servant of God. ligation to Dr. Oldham and Miss Gibson for this able and timely portrait painter is called upon to L. S. CHAFER. book. reproduce one view of a human face and figure. The biographer The Remaking of Man in Africa. By W. R. WHEELER.

undertakes the stupendous task J. H. Oldham and B. D. Gibson. of reproducing a life with all its 183 pp. 28 6d. Oxf,ord University Press. 1931. tim e periods, temperaments, Missions in the Bible. By J. B. trials and triumphs. Lawrence, D.D. 186 pp. Baptist In at least three respects the Home Mission Board. Atlanta, Georgia, 1931. biography of Dr. A. C. Dixon This is a study and exposition was no easy task. He was a of the "broad outlines of a pol- Southerner by birth and, living icy of Christian education" in Though published primarily in the time of the Civil War, was Africa. Dr. J. H. Oldham, the for the use of the churches of naturally influenced by the bit- Secretary of the International the Southern Baptist Conven- ter feeling which war invariably Missionary Council, has traveled tion, this handbook for the study engenders; yet in the greater widely through East and South of the missionary teaching of portion of his American minis- Africa, and has intimate knowl- the Scriptures will prove "a try he was a beloved pastor of edge of things African, both friend in need" to pastors, northern churches, evidencing missionary and governmental. teachers and all earnest church the fact that his passions were Miss B. D. Gibson is the Assist- workers in other communions.

heaven-born and his love of ant Secretary of the Council. It is well planned. Beginning souls was universal. Likewise The authors state their pur- with the definition of the mis- Dr. Dixon was international in pose to be "the progressive evo- sionary enterprise as "a divinely service and sympathy at a time lution of a coordinated policy of imposed task," not "an arbitra- when national interests were Christian education, thought out ry self-chosen diversion of reli- uppermost because of the World in the light of the Christian giously-minded individuals," the War. Few could have served meaning of education and the introductory chapter reviews Great Britain with more sym- missionary purpose, and closety the agencies through which the pathy and loyalty than he did as related to the living forces in work is carried forward, and pastor of the Spurgeon Taber- modern Africa." presents the Bible as the mis- nacle in London during those The chapters deal with the sionary charter and source book agonizing years of strife and subjects "Education and the of missionary instruction. Six suffering. But more than all Missionary Pur p 0 s e," "Can chapters r e cor d "Missionary [317] Teachings of the Old and New years right before us if the over- in Africa more constructive and Testaments," "The Mission and whelming challenge on both permanent by the training of Message of Christ," "The Mis- fronts is to be met." The third better helpers; and that he could sionary 1m per a t i v e of the lecture' deals with opposing get away from that somewhat Church," "The Divine Plan of forces and the other two are on patronizing attitude of white Support," and "The Work of the "The Secret of Liberating a toward black for which he sees Holy Spirit in Missions." These Greater Lay Force." no cure. R. E. HOFFMAN.

studies furnish a wealth of ma- In this, as in all of Dr. Mott's terial for sermons, addresses and class discussions. Instruc- books, the style is the man. Zealots of Zion. By Hoffman Birney. There is a great wealth of bio- 12 mo. $3.50. Penn Publishing Co. tion concerning stewardship and graphical illustration, although Philadelphia. 1931. giving is intensely practical, as developed under the following some names of leading Christian Much attention has been atcaptions: Giving; everyone laymen of our generation are tracted to the Mormons within giving; everyone giving every conspicuous by their absence. the last decade. Book after week; everyone giving at least The bibliography contains over book has appeared dealing with a tithe; everyone giving to two hundred titles and makes some phase of their remarkable every Kingdom object! The au- the work invaluable for refer- history. Mr. Birney's volume is thor trenchantly rem ark s : ence. an unusual treatment of an un- "Weekly giving will fuse the im- usual subject. He resists the pulse of stewardship and cast it S. M. Z. usual temptation to play up such into the mould of habit." The colorful personalities as Joseph dynamic of the missionary en- On the Edge of the Primeval Forest. Smith, Jr., or Brigham Young. terprise is found in Love, the By Albert Schweitzer. Translated Ignoring the greater lights, he love of Christ shed abroad in from the German by C. T. Campion. gives us an absorbing story of our hearts by the Spirit in eter- 180 pp. $2. Macmillan. New the humbler actors in the develnal, optimistic, victorious Love. York. opment of Brigham's great Mor- mon empire. These men, with The lessons of each chapter In the parable of Dives and their stark zealotry, their crude are brought into relief by ques- Lazarus, which Dr. Schweitzer theology and their blazing fations prepared by Mrs. Una applies directly to us, Caucasi- naticism, march through his Rob e r t s Lawrence, Mission ans represent Dives and Lazarus pages like the actors in a Greek Study Editor of the Home Mis- represents the colored f 0 I k drama. Probably the best part whom we could relieve. Instead of the volume is Mr. Birney's sion Board. BERTHA G. JUDD. we have brought them strong drink and certain diseases, and so are their debtors. "Hence," he treatment of a confessedly diffi- cult mat t e r, the Mountain Liberating the Lay Forces of Chris- says, "I resolved, when already Meadows Massacre. No fairer tianity: The Ayer Lectures for 1931. 30 years old, to study medicine By John R. Mott. 175 pp. $2. and put my ideas to test out there." To pay the expense he statement ever has been put in Macmillan. New York. 1932.

An excellent and timely book used his earnings from organ print and yet it is doubtful if a on a great theme. Dr. Mott concerts and from his book on severer arraignment of the Morstates his argument in the open- Bach. How this remarkable mon priesthood ever was made. ing sentence: "The most vital man, having already attained The author convinces his readand fruitful periods in the his- eminence in music and theology, ers that this slaughter of 120 tory of the Christian Church carried out this deliberate pur- men, women and children was have been those in which laymen pose, the difficulties and ro- the greatest atrocity ever comhave most vividly realized and mance of it all, are drawn in mitted in America. It still remost earnestly sought to dis- startling clearness with a rich mains a bar sinister' upon the charge their responsibility to background of life in the jungle, M 0 r m 0 n system. M 0 r m 0 n propagate the Christian faith. some of the most prevalent dis- writers have not shown re- This fact was impressively il- eases, problems of mission or- straint in presenting the i r lustrated in the days of the early ganization and the results of be- claims as to the "fruits of coming Christians in the life of Mormonism," but one wonders Christians. " whether they will not need to The first lecture is a historical the people. sketch of the contribution made Dr. Schweitzer is still the pitch their claims a little lower by laymen to the Christian master musician in this Sym- in view of such an irresistible Church in its world program phony, with its theme of a life arraignment. A. J. M.

down the centuries and in every abandoned to the relief of huland. The second lecture is a man need, in the "Fellowship of The Moral Crisis in Christianity. By strong pie a for augmenting those who bear the mark of Justin Wroe Nixon. 8 yo. $2.00. these lay forces because of pres- pain" and so can never be free Harper & Bros.. New York. 1931.

ent conditions in the church and again to forget the others who Is Christianity ethically adein the world at large. "A vast- still suffer. quate for such a time as ours? ly greater lay force must be lib- Yet one could wish that he That, Dr. Nixon holds, is the erated, mobilized and used in the were able to make this fine work crucial question for religion to-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

day, on the answer to which re- can hope to achieve a unified and acter. Khama was the last of ligion's hold on future genera- harmonious society. But this re- the great Kafir kings who were tions will chiefly depend. In the sult, Dr. Nixon contends, can be at once supreme ruler, supreme midst of acute economic distress, attained only by a profounder court j u d g e, commander-in- shifting moral standards, con- and truer view of life than the chief of the army and head of flicting social ideals and a wide- current "humanism" offers; it the treasury. He ruled with his spread secularistic temper, can requires as its basis the insight brain rather than with bat- Christianity give positive guid- into reality that is found in talions, though he was a power- ance? Dr. Nixon answers in the Jesus Christ. S. M. CAVERT. ful and skillful general.

affirmative, but in no spirit of Khama practically compelled easy complacency. He discrimi- The Rural Mission of the Church in his people to accept Christianity natingly analyzes present condi- Eastern Asia. By Kenyon L. But- and introduced a communistic tions, both in the world at large terfield, Foreword by John R. Mott. system of trading. We see him and also in organized religion, Pamphlet. International Missionary never ignoring the gravity of Council. New York. 1931. here grow from a "naked head the situation or clinging to any boy into a circumcised savage, a superficial optimism. Dr. Butterfield has rendered a skilled lion hunter, a desert valuable service to the mission- -dreamer, a baptized Christian, a This volume is the first series ary cause through his visits to rebel against his father's stern of lectures on the new Walter India and eastern Asia. His ex- Rauschenbusch Foundation at perience, good judgment, genial rule, a hater of tobacco and al- Colgate-Rochester D i v i nit y personality and spiritual aims cohol, a politician outwitting School. The lecturer is a former enabled him to look deeply into Paul Kruger and Cecil Rhodes; pupil, friend and colleague of rural problems and to suggest a top hatted diplomat winning Dr. Rauschenbusch, later be- solutions that have already born the protection of Queen Victoria came his successor in the profes- fruit. In this report Dr. Butter- and Joseph Chamberlain in the sorial chair and is now a field gives the results of his face of powerful opposition; a preacher in Rochester. We may visits to Japan, Korea, China, military conqueror of many wisely look to him for a discern- the Philippines and Siam. We ing interpretation of what has need to realize the importance of tribes, a taker of tribute in catbeen taking place in Christian the vast but neglected rural tle, slave girls and ivory; a pilthought and life during the fields. Every missionary or ad- lager of kraals; an autocrat, quarter of a century since the ministrator of mission work gentleman and philosopherappearance of Rauschenbusch's among rural populations should this strange mixture was born epochal treatise on "Christianity carefully study these findings in 1828 and died in 1923 at the and the Social Crisis." and recommendations. No pow- age of ninety-four still grasping er, other than the Spirit of God, the scepter of authority." Frankly recognizing that "so- can bring life to these neglected areas but by human instrumen- It is a remarkable historycial Christianity" is now in well worth reading and shows something like an eclipse, Dr. what strength lies in African character.

Nixon finds the major explanaJ tality this Spirit is brought into tion in two things. One is the touch with men. tendency of some to treat Chris- The Lutheran Hour. By Prof. Walter A. Maier, Ph.D. 8 vo. 324 pp.

tianity as a religion of escape Khama, King of Bamangwato. By $1.50. Concordia Pub. House. St. from the real problems of life in- Julian Mockford. Illus. 8 Vo. 322 Louis. 1931.

stead of a means for world pp. lOs. 6d. Jonathan Cape The r a d i 0 has e nab led transformation. The other is London. 1931. speakers to send messages to the tendency to reduce "social One of the most remarkable hundreds of tho usa n d s of Christianity" to a program of chiefs of South Central Africa listeners simultaneously though external reform rather than a was Khama, the friend of Liv- they are thousands of miles means of expressing a positive ingstone, who ruled his country apart. It is a near approach to philosophy of life grounded in with a strong hand, acted as ar- omnipresence. The Spirit of deep convictions. In his own bitrator in disputes, established God speaking through a human thinking, Dr. Nixon arrives at a schools, abolished witchcraft voice, heard but not seen, may synthesis of the personal and the and polygamy, and went to Lon- influence millions of lives. The social aspects of Christianity by don to plead with Queen Victoria Lutheran Layman's League has showing that the real issue is to maintain a protectorate over rendered a wide service over whether it has a redemptive his kingdom and to help him thirty-six stations in providing quality that can produce a new keep out strong drink. His the addresses by Dr. Walter A.

type of personality and through character was strong, though not Maier, Professor of Old Testa- it a new type of social life. ·If, faultless, his career was pictur:- ment in the Concordia Theo- as the author shows, the individ- esque and powerful. This story logical Seminary at St. Louis.

ual can find through Christ and of the great chief is a valuable The thirty-six half hour sermons His teachings an inner unity and history of his country and a well are clear, practical and biblical, peace in his own soul, then we balanced portrayal of his char- taking up such subjects as

MISSIONARY EDUCATION IN A LOCAL CHURCH

Blinded Morals, Truth from the Chicago Theological Semin- urrection, also, has meaning for Heaven, The Folly of Atheism, ary by the President profess to Prophecy, C rea t ion, Faith, give five pathways for the per- us only on the spiritual level. Purity, Modern Marriage, Im- plexed seeker in a Godless age mortality, Christ's Coming, The That the body of Jesus should be Use of the Sword, The New to the realization of the presence Birth and God's Solution for of God. Through nature, science, brought back from the tomb, re- Youth's Problems. These radio humanity, worship, and through sermons resulted in conversions, Jesus Christ the perplexed soul animated, and given a brief adrestorations to Christian faith, may find the way back. While renewed church memberships the book contains many excel- ditional physical existence for a and Bible study. Reports of lent thoughts the pathway to the these results have come from presence of God is entirely omit- few days among his followers, such widely scattered points as ted-namely, through the Holy Quebec and Mississippi, Cali- Word and the Holy Spirit. The helps us not at all. Indeed it fornia and Massachusetts. author frankly disavows his be- lief in the Virgin birth and the only troubles us. It raises far The Pacific. By Stanley Rogers. II: resurrection of the bod y of lustrated by the Author. 8 vo. 254 Jesus. He says: "And so the res- more questions than it satisfies. pp. $2.75. Crowell. New York. 1931. The only resurrection we are in- This volume, with drawings terested in is a continued spiritby the author, only skims the surface. It is not a narrative of ual presence-a discovery that personal conversations or experiences; it is not a study of there was something about Jesus the people or the geology, fauna and flora, for the author has that was unextinguishable." We never traversed the ocean and islands of which he writes from think that Dr. Palmer "raises a window overlooking the London River. He gives a rapid sur- more questions than he satisvey of the Pacific, its islands and discoveries; tells something of fies." S. M. Z. how the islands were formed; recounts stories of w h a I e s, Whither sharks and other fish and ex- Chinese Youth Today plains the importance of the Pacific and of the Panama Canal. Read the Graphic Story He tells some thrilling tales of shipwrecks and p ira t e s, but A YOUNG REVOLUTIONIST seems never to have heard of the adventures and achievements of BY PEARL S. BUCK the Christian missionaries. He speaks of the New Hebrides but The Author shows the Sdme knowledge of the Chinese dnd the Sdme literdry omits all mention of John G. skill displdyed in "Good Edrth." But this new narrative reveals the influence Paton; mentions Pitcairn Island of Christian Missions. She portrays the modern Chinese youth torn by strife and the crew of the "Bounty" between the old and new, aflame with patriotism, blindly devoted to ideals but does not know how the de- only half understood, groping for a religious fdith and eagerly helping to build generate mutineers were trans- a new China. formed into Bible-loving Christians; he tells of the Hawaiian DO YOU WANT TO RI:AD THIS BOOK? Islands but not of their remark- HI:RI: IS AN UNUSUAL OFFI:R-GOOD UNTIL JUNI: 1st: able regeneration. It is the same with Fij i, Caroline and Marshall A One Year's Subscription to the Review … $2.50} B h f Islands and Samoa. He scarcely A Young Revo Iutl·onl.st. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 SoAtY or $2.50 mentions Papua. It is an inter- — 1: • . .75 esting but very inc 0 m pIe t e $3.25 scrapbook on the Pacific. If You Wish the Book in Cloth Add 50 Cents Paths to the Presence of God. By Al- bert W. Palmer, D. D. 105 pp. ——–F—I–L—L_ .. -O._-U—-T—–_C._.O__ ."U.. -P-_.O_–N-_._.–B—I–:_L..O…W. __….A…N…D_-_._-R—I-:–T–U—_R._N——-A-._T- ….O…N—_C.. I: $1.00. The Pilgrim Press. Boston, Mass. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY Ddte ……….. .

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Books Obituary Notes Bishop and Mrs. Brenton T

of the Methodist Board, have returned The Advance Guard. 200 Years of The Rev. Dr. Melancthon G. G. to America. Bishop Badley expects Moravian Missions, 1732-1932. 95 Scherer, Secretary of the United Lu- to give a series of missionary ad- pp. Is. Moravian Book Room. theran Church in America, died in dresses. London. New York City on March 9th. He was born in Catawba County, North *** The Miraj Medical Mission. Sir Will- Carolina, March 16, 1861, and from iam J. Wanless. $1.50. Revell. 1914 to 1918 was president of the The Rev. John Ritchie is at work New York. United Synod of the Evangelical Lu- again in Lima, having accepted the theran Church. He was an able the- charge of the Upper Andes Agency of Do You Remember Sinclair Steven- ologian, an excellent counselor, de- the American Bible Society. Mr. son? Margaret Stevenson. Illus. voted leader, and a staunch friend. Ritchie has been spending a few weeks 257 pp. 6s. Blackwell. Oxford. in London. Miss Harriet Riddell, pioneer in Wilbur B. Stover. Pioneer Mission- work among Japanese lepers, died '* * * ary. J. E. Miller. 208 pp. Bret}1- February 3d, in her 77th year. Miss ren Pub. House. Elgin, Ill. Hiddell had completed more than 40 Mr!'1. Robert E. Speer, President of years of service in Japan and was the National Board of the Young I. Lillias Trotter. Lalla Lili, Founder twice decorated by the Japanese gov- Women's Christian Association for of the Algiers Mission Band. ernment. Last year she received a the last twelve years, has retired Blanche A. F. Pigott. Illus. 245 gift from the Empress Dowager, with from office, but will continue on the pp. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. the promise of an annual grant for board of directors. Mrs. Frederic M. London. years to follow. Paist, of Wayne, Pa., the new presi- dent, has been a member of the Na- Doctor Vanderkemp. A. D. Martin. Dr. George M. Fowles, ·from 1!113 tional Board and presiding officer of 2s 6d. 195 pp. Livingston Press, to 1924 the Treasurer of the Board five of the organization's national London. of Foreign Missions of the Methodist conventions. Mrs. Paist is the sister Episcopal Church, died of a heart at- of Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur, Secretary Journal of Thomas Williams. Mis- tack at his home in New York City of the Interior. sionary in Fiji, 1840-185:3. 2 vols. ·on March 30th. Dr. Fowles was born Illus. 42s. 606 pp. C. C. Hender- fifty-five years ago, was a graduate *** son. Angus & Robertson. Sydney. of Boston University School of The- ology and at the time of his death Dr. W. W. Yen, Chinese Minister at Missions in the Church of the Breth. was President of the Foundation for Washington, is a member of the Prot- reno Their Development and Effect Human Welfare. estant Episcopal Church. Upon the Denomination. Elgin S. Moyer. 301 pp. $2.50. Brethren The Rev. Thomas H. Clough, for *** Pub. House. Elgin, Ill. thirty·seven years a missionary to the Seneca Indians on the Cattaraugus Mr. R. A. Adams, for 25 years sec- Japan. Some Phases of Her Problems Reseryation, Cattaraugus County, N. retary of the Bombay branch of the and Development. Inazo Nitobe. Y., died on March 2, at his home in British and Foreign Bible Society, has 398 pp. 18s. Benn. London. Buffalo. retired from that office. During his reriod of service the Bible distribution International Commission of Enquiry Mr. Clough was in charge of the ill Western India has greatly in- in Liberia. 129 pp. $1.25. League Church of the Good Shepherd and the creased. of Nations. Geneva. Church of the Redeemer on the Seneca Reservation and of St. Andrew's * * ;of! Gold Coast at a Glancl'. Cameron C. Church, Irving, New York. Alleyne. 143 pp. $1. Hunt Print- Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, Editor of ing Co. New York. He would take no remuneration for The Moslem World, sailed for Europe his services, though his resources on April 15th and expects to return Tribes of the Niger Delta. Their Re- were meager. In his later years he to America July 22nd. He is to give ligions and Customs. P. Amaury became nearly blind and nearly deaf, addresses at the May missionary Talbot. 350 pp. 18s. Sheldon but still continued to perform such meetings in London and has similar Press. London. parts of the service as he could from engagements in Liverpool, Ipswich, memory. Cambridge, York, Scotland, Ireland, Racial Segregation in South Africa. Prance and Germany. In America he An Apneal. W. Aidan Cotton. 158 *** is to address conferences at Massan- pp. 2s 6d. Sheldon Press. London. etta Springs, Grove City, and Stony Personal Items Brook.

(Continued /1'om 2d Cover) IMunshi Ganeshi Lal Brown America. The Story of aNew Prof. Erling Eidem, who has. been I ~ and Son Race. Edwin R. Embree. 311 pp. chosen to succeed the late Archbishop $2.50. Viking Press. New York.· Soderblom, was New Testament pro- I 9 Drummond Road, Agra, India fessor in the University of Lund. The Mexican Immigrant. His Life- Constitutionally, the Archbishop is i. Dealers in story. 288 pp. $5. University of also the president of the Swedish Chicago Press. Chicago. Church Mission. The new archbishop I Indian Curios, Jewelry and long ago published a series of ar- Liberalism in Mexico, 1857·1929. Wil- ticles entitled, "Biblical Missionary , Photographs frid H. Callcott. 410 pp. $5. Stan- Thoughts" in the Svenska Kyrkans ford University Press. Stanford. Missionstidning which attracted wide By Appointment to His Excellency attention. He also took a leading The Governor of United Provinces Mexico. A Study of Two Americas. part in the new translation of the Stuart Chase. 338 pp. $3. Mac- Bible into Swedish. write for prices or millan. New York. Send For Sample 100 Rupee Box *** Haiti Under American Control, 1915· of Interesting Curios 1930. Arthur C. Millspaugh. 253 Dr. J. S. Ryang, general superin-. pp. $2.50. World Peace Founda- tendent of the Korean Methodist They Make Wonderful Gifts tion. Boston. Episcopal Church, will attend Gen- eral Conference at Atlantic City in All Joods carefully Pdcked dnd Porto Rico. A Caribbean Isle. R. J. May. Dr. Ryang is a graduate of shippe prepaid. Van Deusen and E. K. Van Deusen. Vanderbilt University and Yale Di- 342 pp. $3.50. Holt. New York. vinity School. Send pdyment by Postal or Express Order

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The Good News of the Way, the Truth and the Life through Christ is interpreted to Moslems through the Literature published in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Urdu, Panjabi, Chinese and other languages spoken by Moslems in all parts of the world. You can help to supply this much needed Christian literature for millions who have never heard this Good News-in Egypt Palestine Malaysia Morocco Turkey China Algiers Arabia Java Irak Sumatra Tunis Persia South Africa Syria India You may not be able to go but you can help the missionaries in these countries through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems This Society does not send missionaries but cooperates with the Nile Mission Press and Interdenominational Committees on the field.

BOARD OF MANAGERS William 1. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice-Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice-President Mrs. William Borden Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Dr. James Cantine, Cor. Sec. Rev. Robert W. Searle, D.D. Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Rev. A. C. Snead Mrs. J. M. Montgomery Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treas. Rev. Mills J. Taylor, D.D. Dr. John H. Raven Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D.

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The Missionary Review of the World — April 1932

1932

The Church in'Life of the Nation Newton W. Rowell A Divided Church and Missions Cleland B. McAfee Open Door in Savage New Guinea R. Taeuber Self-Criticisln of Missions Today Oscar MacMillan Buck Student Evangelists in Burlna H. I. Marshall

Items Dates to

KAGAWA'S The Rev. John A. Mackay, D. D., April 29-30-Editorial Council of the formerly a missionary in South Alner- RELIGIOUS PRESS, Washington, D. C. NEW BOOK ica, has been elected a secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the May 2-General Conference of the New LiFe Through God Presbyterian Church. U. S. A. He METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, At- expects to begin his service with the lantic City, New Jersey. Toyohiko Kagawa Presbyterian Board June first, devot- ing June and July to the work of May S-U-Biennial Convention of the Translated by Elizabeth H. Kilburn. Edited, the missions in Guatemala and in YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN Assoand with an Introduction by Kenneth Saunders. The Mexico where he now resides. CIATIONS, Minneapolts, Minn. Japanese teacher and evangelisl gives us a line, peDetrative Btudy of the ali-supplying, all.embracing Btream Dr. Mackay is a native of Scotland May 15-21-CHURCH CONFERENCE OF of Bpiritual life which emanates from God ……. $1.50 and is a graduate of Aberdeen Uni- SOCIAL WORK, Philadelphia, Pa. versity and of Princeton Theological William Owen Carver, D.D. Seminary. At Aberdeen he was honor May 18-Annual Conference, METH- man in Philosophy and in 1915 won a ODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH, Colum- The Course of scholarship in Systematic Theology at bus, Ohio. Christian Missions Princeton. From the Seminary he went to Spain, perfected his knowl- !.lay lS-20-THE COMMUNITY CHURCH A succinct yet comprehensive record which traces edge of Spanish and in 1916 went as WORKERS OF U. S. A., Buffalo, N. Y. the main line of the history and developmelltof Christia. a missionary of the Free Church of MlsaioDB from their beginning to the present day .. $3.00 Scotland to Peru where he founded May 24-28-A GENERAL SYNODICAL the Anglo-Peruvian College. He is the MEETING OF THE REFORMED CHVRCH Charles Allen Clark, Ph.D. author of "The Other Spanish Christ: a Study in the Spiritual History of IN THE U. S., Cleveland, Ohio. Religions of Old Korea Spain and South America." May 26-General Assembly, PRESBY- These studios have behind them nearly thirty years *** TERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A., of painstaking rosear"h on the pari of their compiler. A noteworthy study of an Important theme……. . Rev. L. Bentley, missionary of the * . . Denver, Colo.

._…………………………..1lIuatrated, $2.50 Presbyterian Church at Hamadan, * W. Reginald Wheeler Persia, has been selected to organize A Correction. In our March issue an error was made in stating that The Words of God in an the Sunday School work of Persia. Rev. Dr. L. Myron Boozer of Iowa, AFrican Forest: … … had been elected president of the … Board of National Missions of the The Story of the West African Mlsaion Presbyterian Church and Miss Ann E. JEAN KENYON MACKENZIE Bays: "A re- Dr. Conrad Hoffmann, secretary of Taylor, vice·president. It should have the International Committee on the been stated that Dr. Boozer was counting of the deeds of Christian adventurers _ _ _ Christian Approach to the Jews, and elected chairman, and Miss Taylor heroic and illustrious, shining out in lonoly places __ Dr. J. S. Conning, chairman of its vice-chairman of the National Staff a great contribution 10 Missionary literature." …. $3.00 North American Committee, have re- which met in Columbus, Ohio, in Jan- cently made a tour in the Middle West uary. This Staff is composed of the Arthur Judson Brown, D.D. and Pacific Coast States to form per- Staff Officers of the National Board manent local committees to undertake and the Executives of Synods and The Foreign Missionary the work of the committee in its area. especially designated presbyteries. Dr. Hoffmann is spending some A new and thoroughly revised edition of a missionary months in Great Britain and then *** elassic. Dr. Brown has brought his line study right goes to the Continent and to the Near up to date, and (if that were possible) lacreased ils A Correction-Dr. Judd's Address. value and significance………………….. Net $2.00 East. It should have been stated in con- nection with the reIJQrt of the address J. C. Winslow and Verrier Elwin *** of Dr. Walter H. Judd of China, be- fore the Student Volunteer Conven- Gandhi•' TInhdei.anDawFrneeodfom A. Victor Murray, of England, has tion in Buffalo, that the article as recently gone to Nigeria, at the invi- printed in the Review was made up of KIRBY PAGE says: "Few Britishers are SO well tation of the missionary societies in portions of the stenotype report which qualified to interpret the sigailicance of Mahatma Gandhi Southern Nigeria, to consult with the Dr. Judd had not had an opportunity to correct. This address, as corrected as are the authors of this volumea Here is an iB- (Continued on 3rd Cover) by him, is being published in the re- port of the Convention, and in a spevlgorating volume for all persons who are concerned cial leaflet put out by the Student about the future of Christianity in the Orient." …$1.50 Volunteer Movement.

Charles Ernest Scott, D.D.

*Chinese Twice-Born A group of authentic, Individual records, each and aU oC which discover the Gospel of salvation, operative In the life of a Chinese ChristilUl …………….$1.50 Indian Work .~ .JL. ~- TH-E-B- OA-R- D -O- F ~ FO~R~ EI~ GN~~ M~ IS~ SIO~N~ S .~ ..sz.., Lereine Ballantyne DEPARTMENT OF ANNUITIES Spirit Fire YOUR GIFT NOW A Story of the Petum Indians A graphic, absorbing pleinre is rendered of Indian liCe in a day when dreams were reg.rd.d~as being 'aU-important and a vigilant search maintained for the Tree oC Life ………………………………$1.50 Warren Eugene Crane WILL BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING OF GIVING WHILE LIVING AND THE Totem Tales: GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS THAT YOU WILL HAVE AN Indian Legends Prepared for Childroll Mr. Crane has devoted more than sixteen years to a INCOME FOR LIFE careful study of Indian lore, and knows his 8ubject ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK thoroughly……….. , ., ……………………$1.00 Fleming H. Revell Company New York – 158 Fifth Avenue PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A.

Chat THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

It' is cheering to hear words DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor of appreciation of the REVIEW in its new form-such as the fol- Vol. LV Ap,ril, 1932 No.4 lowing: Page We are more and more con- FRONTISPIECE-The Hon. Newton W. Rowell, K. C., LL. D…… . vinced of the usefulness of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE TOPICS OF THE TIMES ………………………………… 195 WORLD and we urge its reading India in the Balance Efforts for Peace in the Far East everywhere possible. Threatened Danger in Asia Missions and "War" in China AMELIA D. KEMP, Fifty-four Years Young Executive Secretary of the Women's Missionary Society THE CHURCH IN THE LIFE OF THE NATION., …….•…….. 199 of the United Lutheran Church. By the Hon. Newton W. Rowell. K.C .• LL.D.• leader in the Liberal Party I bought *a co*py*of THE RE- in Ontario; member of the International Missionary Council VIEW at the Florida Chain of A DIVIDED CHURCH AND MISSIONARY EFFORT …………. 202 Assemblies in January. It ap- By the Rev. Cleland B. McAfee. D.D.• LL.D.• author of "Changing Forpeals to me as the best maga- eign Missions"; Secretary of the Board of Foreign MissionSi :Presby- terian Church. U. S. A. zine' of the kind I have ever read. It inspires me and gives AN OPEN DOOR IN SAVAGE NEW GUINEA ………………. 205 me hope to continue with church By the Rev. R. Taeuber. Executive Secretary of the American Lutheran work. Mission in New Guinea MRS. CHARLES M. FISHER, SELF-CRITICISM OF MISSIONS TODAY ……….. ~" . . . . . . . . .. 209 Miami, Florida. By the Rev. Oscar MacMHlan Buck. D.D., author of "India Looks' to *** to , ',Her Future"; Professor of Missions and Comparative Religion at be allowed Drew University Might I say how STUDENT EVANGELISTS IN BURMA …………………….. 213 captivated I am with the new By the Rev. H. I. Marshall. Missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society at Il)selri. Burma fDrm and dress of THE MISSION- ARY REVIEW. The March num- DO OUR MISSIONARY HYMNS NEED REVISION? ………… 216 ber has just been placed on my By the Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer. D.D.. Editor of The Moslem World; Professor of Missions and Comparative Religion. Princeton Theodesk and it is most attractive, logical Seminary and I, with its many subscribers, hope that it will continue to serve an ever widening circle of THE UNTOUCHABLES BY WHOM WE TOUCH INDIA ………. 219 interested readers. By the Rev. Warren H. Wilson. D.D.. Secretary of the International Association of Agricultural Missions; Town and Country Work. MAMIE C. G. FRASER, Presbyterian Board of National Missions Secretary of the Women's Missionary Society, HINDUISM VB. CHRISTIANITy………………………….. 226 United Church of Canada. By the Rev. J. Harry Cotton. D.D.. Pastor of the Broad Street Presby- terian Church. Columbus, Ohio, and Joseph Oook Lecturer to India, *** 1931-32 Look for These CHRIST'S METHOD OF EVANGELISM ………………….. " 227 "The Mother of a Thousand Chi- nese Girls" By Dr. Sam Higginbottom. Principal of the Allahabad Agricultural In- stitute; author of "The Gospel and the Plow in India" The story of Donaldina Cameron and her heroic work for A CHRISTIAN MISSIONARY TO MORMONS-William Mitchell Paden …………………………………………….. 229 Chinese girls in San Francisco by Dr. Arthur J. Brown. By the Rev. A. J. Montgomery. D.D., Department of Alaska. Indians and Mormons. ,Board of National Missions. Presbyterian Church. "On the Edge of the Great U. S. A. ,I" Closed Land" The story of Moravian work THE POWER OF INl)lA'S WOMEN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 230 in the mountains of Lesser Tibet by Bishop Arthur Ward. By E. Marie Holmes. Principal of the Girls' Boarding School of the American Baptist Mission at Ganhati, Assam "A Missionary's Critics" EFFECTIVE WAYS O-F WORKING ……………………….. 233 Some interesting observations Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison by Dr. Paul W. Harrison of Arabia. WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN… . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 237 Edited by Anne Seesholtz and Florence G. Tyler "How Can Christians Win the OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK …………………………… 241 Jews?" A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events An address by Dr. John S. OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF………………………… 253 Conning, the national leader in wDrk for Hebrews in America. Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information "Are Missions Too Expensive?" Publicatio)l Office 40 S. Meridian St.• Indianapolis, Indiana A study by Dr. Cleland B. Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue. New York City McAfee who knows the cost and Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Indianapolis. Ind., under Act of the results from many angles. March 3, 1879.

"Can Mr. Gandhi Save India?" 25 cents a c':'py-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year By an Indian Christian who Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by the sees more than one side of the MISSIONARY REVIEW: PUBLISHING CO., INC. question. Board of Directors WHAT SUBJECT WOULD ROBERT E. SPEER. President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MILTON J. STAUFFER YOU LIKE TO HAVE WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD A. L., WARNSHUIS PRESENTED? WALTER MCDOUGALL. Treasurer SAMUEL M. ZWEMER WM. B.' LIPPHARD DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ERIC M. NORTH

HONORABLE NEWTON W. ROWELL, K.C., LL.D., OF

President of the Toronto General Trnsts Corporation: Liberal Leader in Ontario's Legislature, Delegate to First Assembly of League of Nations, Member of the International Missionary Council. (See article page 199.)

NARY

RJ3VIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER FouR APRIL, 1932 Topics of the Times INDIA IN THE BALANCE of the All-India Nationalist Congress to speak for India has been denied and strict police and mili- Keen disappointment was felt in all circles be- tary measures have been adopted to maintain law cause of the failure of the second Round Table and order. Conference in London to bring peace in India. It was hoped that the presence of Mr. Gandhi and Great Britain has clearly asserted her willingthe friendly attitude of Lord Irwin and Premier ness to grant India dominion status and to turn MacDonald might help to solve the difficult prob- over control of various departments as soon as lem of India's future government and her rela- practicable. Committees are already working tion to the British Empire. Mr. Gandhi went out various problems with the help of cooperathome disappointed and found India seething with ing Indians and the Viceroy has summoned modunrest and lawlessness in Bengal and the North- erate leaders who were prepared to confer on fuwest Provinces. ture plans. Many Moslems and other Indians are supporting the government in their efforts to The great obstacle to immediate self-govern- maintain peace and are ready patiently to work ment or full dominion status as a part of the Bri- out a satisfactory plan of cooperation. A sign of tish Empire seems to be the inability of Indian the times is evident in the appointment of women Hindus, Moslems, "untouchables" and various mi- to take the place of Nationalist Congress leaders nority groups to agree on representation and gov- who have been arrested. An eighteen-year-old ernmental control. The leaders of all classes in Brahmin woman has been appointed dictator of India agree in seeking self-government, but the the Poona Youth League and another Brahmin Moslems fear the overwhelming plurality of 238,- woman is dictator of the Maharashta Congress. 000,000 Hindus; the Hindus fear the warlike Women are also taking part in the violent revoluspirit of 77,000,000 Moslems, and the 50,000,000 tionary activities in Bengal. "untouchables" and other minorities are not willing to trust their fate to either great party; con- Mr. Gandhi stands for many commendable sequently they have been unable to agree on any ideals-including the abolition of child marriage, plan of representation and control. Moslems and of "untouchability," of the drink and drug traffic Hindus seem ready to attempt self-government, and of violence-but he is antagonistic to the only hoping to work out their problems without Bri- existing political government at present capable tish help. Great Britain, however, feels a re- of maintaining peace in India, and is opposed to sponsibility for the peace of India and is not ready the only spiritual power that can bring life and to risk the destruction of the peace, prosperity, satisfaction to his fellow countrymen, through civilization, and institutions she has built up Jesus Christ as divine Lord and Saviour. through a century and a half of effort. THREATENED DANGER IN ASIA Mr. Gandhi returned to India and urged wide civil disobedience, boycott and non-cooperation China's great affliction and Europe's preoccuwith the Indian Government. This program can- pation have offered the dominant military party not be carried out with non-violence and already in Japan an opportunity to strike a blow at China. several serious disturbances have occurred. At This is in spite of strong opposition within Japan Bombay the "depressed classes" made demonstra- itself. While there may have been provocation in tions against Mr. Gandhi, who claims to be their the disturbances in Manchuria and in the insecurchampion. As one inevitable result of the rejec- ity of Japanese life and property in China, nevertion of British proposals and the campaign of civil theless the Japanese are not justified in ignoring disobedience Mr. Gandhi and other nationalist treaty obligations or in allowing the militarists leaders have again been imprisoned. The right to invade the territory of their neighbor, regard- [195]

less of the consensus of world opinion as repre- cil asked Christian bodies in every country "to sented in the League of Nations. Intelligent Chi- implore the governments concerned to use for- nese and other clear-visioned observers on the field bearance and to settle disputes by peaceful means, acknowledge ignorance, rashness, selfishness and renouncing the use of force." This message was foolishness of many Chinese leaders which are transmitted to the representative Christian bodies largely responsible for political and economic dis- in Europe.

orders. These hinder the efforts to establish a It is reported from Japan that last October the stable government, but Japan's economic and na- Japanese police suppressed an entire edition of a tional interests could have been maintained by more peaceful means and by the promotion of magazine in which Dr. Kagawa appealed to a betfriendly cooperation. ter method than war for the solution of Man- churian problems. The government endeavored China, with over 400,000,000 people, offers a to protect Dr. Kagawa's life from assaults which wonderful market and a valuable friend for a might have resulted from his efforts to stem the friendly neighbor. China may be divided but will tide of the war sentiment. All who know him not be easily conquered, though she may suffer realize that he is not afraid of death, but that he greatly. If the League of Nations and America is wise and patriotic and self-restrained. A bold fail to effect her rescue at this crisis, her people anti-militaristic stand by any Christian individwill not only feel bitterly toward the enemy who ual or group would merely feed the fires of milihas attacked her, and toward those who stand idly tant patriotism ablaze in Japan. Dr. Kagawa by and see her despoiled, but China may turn has engaged the services of a full-time peace again to Communistic Russia and accept her god- worker, and has announced world peace as less program or she may naturally conclude that another of the definite goals of his "Friends of strong armaments and a militaristic policy are Jesus" and the Kingdom of God Movement. her only safeguard. If the Chinese people, com- Motoichiro Takahashi, an ardent peace advocate, prising nearly one-fourth the human race, be- is undertaking to promote a program for changcome fully militarized and seek revenge by force ing the attitudes of the coming generations in of arms they will menace the earth. In the mean- world relations even if the present war temper time outward attacks are healing many internal of the Japanese is beyond his influence. disorders and in this respect may prove a blessing in disguise. The patriotic fervor exhibited by If the settlement of international disputes were all classes, especially by students, has reached a left to Christians, there would be no wars, but it boiling point. If Christian institutions in China is difficult for Christians to exert sufficient direct and the Christian missionary forces can succeed influence to change the course of their governin teaching the Chinese wisdom and self-control; ments. Their responsibility is to educate and if they can promote the Christian spirit, while at agitate for international goodwill, for the extreme the same time they develop loyalty to country and limitation of armaments, for discarding aggresto treaty obligations; if America and Europe will sive policies and for peaceful methods of settling stand for justice and honor and will adequately controversies. The value of treaties, of league befriend afflicted China at this time, the effect will covenants and of world courts is now being tested. change the course of history-not only for China Will these agreements that have been entered into but for Asia and for the world. Evidently the by government representatives influence future Christian task in Asia is not yet completed. national action, when such a course seems to be against a nation's material interests? Is such a EFFORTS FOR PEACE IN THE FAR EAST provision as was adopted in Article XVI of the League of Nations Covenant to be disregarded Times of conflict and difficulty are opportuni- because it may injure trade or involve economic ties for Christians to show the Spirit of their loss? Great progress has been made in the past Master. When the Chinese crisis was at its be- half century in the settlement of racial, economic, ginning, President Chiang Kai Shek called a national and international disputes, for certain group of Christians to meet for prayer in Nan- moral rights and ethical prinCiples are acknowl- king, and his wife held daily prayer meetings with edged today, which were formerly ignored in a group of Christian women. The National dealing with weaker nations or groups, and the Christian Councils of China and Japan ex- machinery has at least been set up to deal with changed friendly messages advocating patience these questions. But selfish human nature has and asking for fellowship in prayer. Christians not radically changed and the only hope for the in America and England have joined in this establishment of God's Kingdom among men is world-wide fellowship of prayer. A cablegram through the new life and power that comes sent in February by the National Christian Coun- through the living Christ, taking possession of the cil of Japan to the International Missionary Coun- individual.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

MISSIONS AND "WAR" IN CHINA in Hongkew where St. Luke's Hospital is also lo- The sympathy of the civilized world is largely cated. A shell burst on the grounds of the Shangwith China in the present struggle against the Japanese invasion. This is in spite of past and hai University (Baptist) on WInhlaanngdpMooisRsiiovner~obmu­t present disturbances in China that have involved did no damage. The China widespread destruction of foreign property and have often included the abuse and death of for- pound in Hongkew was recently sold and the headeigners and of Chinese Christians. Foreign aggression, misunderstandings and false ideas have quarters moved to the International Settlement. caused much suffering, but strong nations must deal patiently with one that is weak or in a state The Bible societies lost valuable plates and books of transition. Like Russia, China is today trying a great experiment in reconstruction but un- in the destruction of the Commercial Press in Chapei. The Presbyterian Mission Press, which was also damaged, had recently oeen sold. The Southern Methodists have valuable property in Hongkew but no serious damage has been re- ported.

like Russia, the leaders of China have not adopted 2. American missionaries thus far have not rea godless philosophy and are not endeavoring to ported personal losses. Many of them have been disturb the social and economic status of other busily engaged in relief and rescue work, and a countries. If bandits, disorganized groups of sol- Southern Baptist missionary, Miss Rose Marlowe, diers and other lawless elements have caused was roughly handled by Japanese irregulars when damage to Japanese life and property, this is due she was visiting mission property. Many missionto unsettled conditions and is not chargeable to ary women and children, under advice of the ~AumseirhicaanndconZsaunlz, ohkav(estaletifotnsNaonnkinthge SYoaoncghtosw~ the Chinese people as a whole or to the government. RIver) and have temporarily taken threefiurO~"oestsin. Shanghai. The men have remained at The Japanese armed invasion of Manchuria has resulted in the establishment of an autonomous Chinese government under the former "Boy Em- The Bible Training School for Women, conducted peror," Henry Pu-yi, under Japanese protection, by Miss Parmenter (formerly of Nanking), is in and separated from the national government the Kiangwan section, which was occupied by the Japanese, so that the pupils and teachers were (Kuomintang) and without reference to the will moved to the China Inland Mission headquarters of the residents of Manchuria. The Japanese invasion of Shanghai has been carried forward in the International Settlement. Women and children have also moved from Shanghai Univerin spite of the protests of American and Euro- sity, on the Whangpoo River about four miles pean governments and has brought death to thousands of Chinese and destruction to millions of east from Shanghai center, and the nurses of st. dollars worth of property. It has also endan- ?"ered the lives and property of many foreigners Luke's Hospital, conducted by the Protestant III an~ out of the Foreign Settlement, one part Episcopal Church in Hongkew, were obliged to of WhICh (Hongkew) was made a base for Jap- move the patients to St. John's University in Jessanese military operations. field (west of Shanghai). Apparently st. John's was not opened after the Chinese New Year holi- A letter from the REVIEW to American mission days. Missionaries have also been obliged to boards having work in the Shanghai area and in leave their apartments in Young Allen Court, Manchuria asked the following questions: Hongkew.

. 1. Has any of your mission property been damaged 3. Many Chinese Christians in Shanghai have III the recent Japanese-Chinese conflict or your work inter- suffered the loss of their homes, their business, rupted? their personal property and their churches in 2. Have any of your missionaries left their stations on Hongkew, Chapei and Kiangwan. Many refugees account of the present disturbance? have not been heard from and other Christians have doubtless been members of the Chinese 3. Have any Chinese Christians in your mission suf- army. Chinese members of the Young Men's and fered because of the Japanese military activity?

4. ~as. the present conflict and the outlook changed your mlsslOnary program in China? Young Women's Christian Association staffs have Answers received to date from twelve boards suffered; both the foreign and Chinese members give the following information: are busily engaged in relief work for refugees, thousands of whom are in the International settle- 1. Practically the only mission properties re- ment and in the French Concession. ported damaged in Shanghai are Chinese churches in Chapei and Hongkew districts. Some of these 4. The mission boards look upon the present are connected with the Christian and Missionary disturbance as temporary and plan no change fn Alliance (whose headquarters were in Chapei); their policy in China. The unrest has caused de- others belong to the Protestant Episcopal mission lay in building the new St. Luke's Hospital and

other forward movements have been hindered; the the Nominating Committee, the following Difinancial losses of Chinese Christians may mean rectors were elected to serve for the ensuing year: curtailment in expenses, but the present crisis clearly shows the need for more earnest spiritual Dr. Robert E. Speer, President-Executive Secretary of work in China and in Japan; the China Inland the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, U. S. A. Mission and others report increased evangelistic opportunity around Shanghai. Dr. Wm. 1. Chamberlain, Vice-President-Secretary, Board of Foreign Missions, Reformed Church in America. The only American societies having work in Manchuria are the Presbyterians, the Methodists, Walter McDougall, T1'easurer-Manufactul'er, New the United Church of Canada and the Y. M. C. A. York. and Y. W. C. A. The Methodist and Presbyterian work is among Koreans near the eastern Man- Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary and Editor. churian border and in Harbin. Y. M. and Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, President of the Council of Women Y. W. C. A. work has been somewhat interfered for Home Missions. with by the Japanese demand that activities close Dr. Samuel McCrea Cavert, General Secretary, Federal before dark. The work among Koreans has also Council of Churches of Christ in America. been more difficult. The foreign workers have re- Rev. Wm. B. Lipphard, Secretary, American Baptist mained at their posts to encourage and strengthen Foreign Mission Society. their people in danger and distress. Dr. Eric M. North, Secretary, American Bible Society. Dr. Milton T. Stauffer, Pastor, Reformed Church, New The situation in eastern Asia, in India and Brunswick, N. J. throughout the world is convincing evidence of Dr. A. L. Warnshuis, American Secretary, International the supreme need for extending the sway of Missionary Council. Christ over the hearts and lives of men of every Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, Editor of THE MOSLEM race and nation. Christians in Japan and China, WORLD and Professor of Missions at Princeton Theoin America and England are earnestly praying logical Seminary. and working for peace, not only through disarmament and treaties but through united prayer and During the past year one of the original memeducation, and by the manifestation of the Spirit bers of the Board, Mr. Fleming H. Revell, entered of Jesus Christ whose realm knows no national into Rest and left a vacancy difficult to fill. Two or racial boundaries. stockholders, Mrs. Margaret B. Fowler and Mrs. Wm. Reed Thompson, and a valued friend and FIFTY-FOUR YEARS YOUNG member of the Editorial Council, Dr. Fennell P. Turner, also have rested from their labors. For over half a century THE REVIEW has served the missionary cause as an independent and evan- The main features of the Annual Meeting were gelical magazine with a world-wide outlook. No three addresses-by the President of THE REone can tell the number of volunteers who have VIEW, by the Rev. Jay S. Stowell, Publicity Secrebeen led, through reading THE REVIEW, to de- tary of the Board of Home Missions and Church vote their lives to missionary service; or the num- Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and ber of pastors and other Christians stimulated to by the Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D. D., of Princetake a deeper interest in the work of the King- ton. Dr. Speer spoke of "Some Current Missiondom; or how much prayer and giving has been ary Problems and their Solution." Mr. Stowell promoted by reading one or more of the 5,000 reviewed the present conditions in the United articles printed. That such results have followed States as created or indicated by poverty, neglect the publication is abundantly shown by personal and irreligion. He pointed out the tremendous testimonies and by correspondence. Wide influ- importance of the Home Mission enterprise and ence has also been exerted through the many quo- the need for regenerating many neglected areas tations and translations printed in magazines in in American life. Dr. Zwemer's stimulating admany lands. dress on "Missions in the Mohammedan World" was illustrated with stereopticon views. For the past sixteen years and a half THE RE- VIEW has been controlled by an interdenomina- In the present crisis in Christian life and work tional Board of Directors, whose chairman from at home and abroad it is especially important that the first has been Dr. Robert E. 'Speer and the faith in the Word of God and in the Son of God; Treasurer, Mr. Walter McDougall. At the recent emphasis on the spiritual resources and prayer; Annual Meeting, held on the afternoon of Febru- setting forth the need for united action among ary 11th, a large number of stockholders and other Christians of every name, under the guidance of friends gathered at 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. the 'Spirit; advocacy of sacrificial service and a After reports by the Secretary, the Treasurer, and forward movement policy-for all of which THE REVIEW stands and has stood for over half a cen- tury-that these should be continually held up be- fore the Church and should be the guiding prin- ciples of the coming generation. There is need for such an evangelical, interdenominational, inde- pendent magazine.

Church In the Life of the Nation*

By the HON. NEWTON W. ROWELL, K. C. I Toronto, Canada I~"

~========~==~==~~~==~============~ W E are living in one of the m.ost interesting measureable degree in improving the condition of periods of human history. The marvel- the masses of the Russian people, the results will ous discoveries of science are giving us not be confined to Russia, but its repercussions an ever-expanding universe, but an ever-contract- will be felt throughout the world. It is a great ing world. We have been thinking in the past in constructive, as well as destructive, experiment, the terms of countries, or continents or :nationali- and if it must be tried out, one is glad that it is ties. Now, we must think in being tried out elsewhere than world terms, for we are living History affords no parallel to on this continent. in a world era. The last war the present world situation- In China, where dwells onewas truly a world war-and especially in the reconstructhe first world war-for all the tion going on in Russia and in fourth of the human race with great nations were involved in China. We must 'have a world no common language which all it, and it affected every human outlook or we will be left be- can understand, with no modbeing on this planet. Now we hind. The Christian Church ern systems of transportation have a world court to settle dis- has a responsibility in nation- to connect the widely sepaputes between nations; we al and international affairs. rated parts of their country, have a world bank at Basle to Shall militarism or national- unaccustomed to self-governdeal with problems of world ism or atheism or Christian ment, we are witnessing the finance; and we have a world principles prevail? The for- spectacle of a great people endisarmament conference. We mer president of the Council deavoring to change fundamust have a world outlook. of the Government of Canada, mentally their political, eco- Transportation and communi- a leader in national and inter- nomic, educational and social cation are making of the na- national statesmanship, and a institutions in the short space tions one great community. member of the International of a few years. History af- Missionary Council effectively fords no parallel. It is a task While we are pas sin g shows the importance of the for supermen and if the results through an acute depression in Christian Church in national are disappointing to them and the business cycle, we are, at to us, we need not be surthe same time, witnessing life. prised. We must, however, fundamental changes in the po- recognize the great signifi- litical and economic structure cance of the Chinese revolution of society. One might illustrate these changes on the rest of humanity. Notwithstanding the by reference to Russia, China, India, and, to some civil wars and banditry, the Chinese are essen- extent, Germany. I shall content myself with tially a peaceable people, and if they find they referring to Russia and ChiI).a. cannot defend their frontiers or secure redress Russia is trying out one of the greatest politi- of their grievances, save by force, they have the cal and economic experiments in history. While courage, the energy and persistence to arm them- we do not accept either the political or economic selves and endeavor to secure by force what they theories of the Soviets and are fundamentally op- cannot secure by right. The situation in China posed to their attitude toward religion, we must, is one of the world's great problems today.

nevertheless, recognize that the success or fail- In the midst of these great movements and ure of the Russian experiment will have a pro- others, one might mention there is developing an found effect upon the course of human history. extreme form' of political and economic national- If the Russian experiment should succeed to a ism which is tending to separate the peoples of • An address g;ven at the annual meeting of Home Missions Council. the world into competing and hostile groups. Toronto. January 5. 1932. This extreme, political nationalism is expressing (199]

itself in increasing armaments, and extreme eco- Second: To Christianize our ecclesiastical renomic nationalism, in mounting tariffs that are no lations. The Church, divided as it is today, is longer merely for protection but are primarily wholly unequal to the task of grappling with and for the exclusion of the products of other nations. overcoming the forces arrayed against her. In Whole nations appear to be under the delusion view of the magnitude of the problems which the that they can continue to export without import- Church is facing, how is it possible to justify the ing. They appear to be losing sight of the funda- expenditure of time, energy and money by differmental fact that trade is essentially barter-na- ent denominations in the same community comtions cannot, in the long run, sell, unless they are peting with each other, when the time and energy of one would serve the community better and reprepared to buy. lease the remaining resources of men and money for other and more important tasks. How can One of the disastrous results of the last great the Church speak with the voice of authority to war, and of the growing political and economic a disturbed and distracted world so long as the nationalism of the past ten years, is seen in the several branches of the Church continue to spend present world-wide depression, in which millions their energies in competing with one another, have food to sell and cannot find buyers, and mil- rather than in facing together the common task? lions in need of food have not the money with Never was the need greater than at the present hour that the whole Church should pray the which to purchase it. From these results we can- prayer of Our Lord "That they all may be one . . . that the world may believe that thou has not escape until we remove some of the contrib- sent me." uting causes. Third: To Christianize our social and eco- When the last war was fought it was said to nomic relations. What is the Christian attitude be a "war to end war," and men who gave up toward business? Surely the great objective their lives fondly believed their sacrifice would should not be what it is-simply to make money not be in vain, and yet all the great powers are regardless of the methods by which it is made! spending substantially more on armaments today The Church must proclaim that in business as in than they did in 1913. These increased arma- morals there is a fundamental right and wrongments not only add to the burden of taxation, man should practice the right and ~,' ld the which is weighing down upon the peoples of most wrong. lands, but they increase suspicion and distrust among nations. Everywhere there is fear, in- What is the Christian attitude toward the restead of faith, distrust instead of confidence, and lations of labor and capital? Surely it cannot be the very foundations of our political, economic, that of class war! It must be that of cooperation social and religious institutions are being chal- between the two, recognizing the fundamental lenged as never before. rights and privileges of every human being.

In the midst of the confusion, one hears on Fourth: To Christianize our racial relations. every hand the increasing proclamation of a Millions of people repeat daily Our Lord's Prayer, purely materialistic interpretation of life. and how frequently those who pray fail to appre- ciate the significance of the petition "Our Father" What Shall the Church Do? and of the truth of the declaration of St. Paul, "That God has made of one blood all nations of Under these conditions, w/w,t is the place and men for to dwell on all the face of the earth." function of the Church in the life of the nation? The Church should set its face steadfastly against all racial prejudices, and seek to remove these First: So to present the life and teachings of prejudices by the proclamation of the Gospel of Christ that men may choose that Way of Life. It human brotherhood. is revolutionary teaching-it was revolutionary in the first century. It was said of the first Chris- Fifth: To Christianize our international relatian leaders that they were "turning the world tions. No emotions are more easily stirred than upside-down." It would be .revolutionary in the those of national animosity, and no emotions are present century, and if put into practice the less Christ-like. The Church must set its face charge against its leaders would be the same as against the unreasoning nationalism which would nineteen centuries ago. cultivate ill-will towards other people, and pro- claim the Gospel of Goodwill. The world is so The world is cursed with selfishness, individual shrunken in size that our humanity is now one and national. We expect it and suspect it every- great community and the nation state is no longer where. It lies at the very root of our troubles. an adequate organization to meet the needs of hu- One of our greatest needs is a new birth of unselfishness, where the joy of life will be found in service, not in self-gratification. "For whosoever will save his life shall lose it, but whosoever will lose his life for my sake the same shall save it."

THE CHURCH IN THE LIFE OF THE NATION

man society. It is essential that there shQuld be of Canada herself and of all other creditor CQunsome system of organized cQoperation among the tries if inter-governmental war debts and repara- nations for the preservation of peace. It is fQr tions were entirely cancelled. I believe it would this purpQse that the League of Nations and World give the world new hope and new courage, and Court have been established, and they have al- start the wheels of industry moving again. The ready made a great contribution to international creditor nations would, in the end, gain vastly cooperation and to world peace. I am not here tQ- more by the improvement in their own industrial night to appeal particularly fQr the League of Na- and economic condition as part of the general tions or the World Court, but I submit the reSPQn- world recovery, than they could possibly lose by sibility rests .on those who are not prepared to the cancellation of these debts. accept these organizations as instruments for international cooperatiQn and the preservation .of Existing military armaments are inconsistent peace to devise some other and better methQd with the Christian conception and ideal of interwhich all can accept. Organized international co- national relations. It would appear tQ be essenoperation is essential, if our civilization is to sur- tial that these armaments should be reduced if vive. Our experience and belief in Oanada is that humanity's fears are to be allayed and its burdens in the League of Nations and in the Permanent lightened and peace made possible. Court of International Justice we have suitable organizations fQr internatiQnal cQQperation,' which, Under existing conditions tariffs, formerly prothe more fully they are availed by the nations, tective, are, as I have already said, becoming exthe more adequately they will meet the world's clusive. They are driving nations apart in need. thought, sentiment and feeling, and are tending to make some nations bankrupt. The tariff ques- The United States has been represented .on the tian is ceasing to be purely an economic question; Permanent Court by one of its most distinguished it is becoming a moral one, affecting the welfare jurists ever since the Court was organized. The of humanity. There must be substantial reduc- President has nQW signed the Protocol for adher- tion in tariffs if international trade is to be reence of the United States to the Court, and it is vived. before the Senate for ratification. May one express the earnest hope that the United States, The task of the Church was never greater, which led the way in the movement for the cre- never more urgent, never more inspiring. I know ation of the Permanent Court, may soon become of no agency which can make so large or so valua member of that Court, and thus add greatly able a contribution to the permanent solution of tQ its prestige and strength. these grave and menacing problems as the Church. While these problems in many of their The Burden .of War aspects are political and economic, they are funda- mentally moral and religious-not that the Church As a result of the last great war the world is should attempt, in its corporate capacity, to solve struggling under a burden of inter-governmental these problems, but it clearly is the mission of the war debts and of reparation obligations which Church to create that atmosphere of brotherhood the debtor nations are incapable of discharging. and of goodwill among all peoples, which would Canada is one of the creditor nations in respect of not only make the solution of these problems posreparations, and she is not a debtor nation in re- sible, but would insist that the problems should spect of inter-governmental war debts. She in- be solved in the spirit and atmQsphere of .goodwill curred enormous obligations during the great war, and of brQtherhQQd. I can imagine no finer or but, like the United States, she owes these obliga- greater opportunity for service tQ the nation and tions to her own people. I have no hesitation in to the world than that enjoyed by the Christian saying that I believe it would be in the interests minister of today, for in his message lies human- ity's greatest hQpe for the future.

"0 tender Shepherd, climbing rugged mountains, And wading waters deep, How long wouldst thou be willing to go homeless To find the straying sheep?

"'I count no time,' the Shepherd gently answered, As thou dost count and bind .

The days in weeks, the weeks in months and years; I seek until I find, "'And that will be the limit of my journey.

I cross the waters deep, And climb the hillsides with unfailing patience Until I find my sheep.'''

A Divided Church and

Effort By the REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D. D., LL. D., ..:{ New York ):..

Author of" Changing Foreign Missions"

W ITH all zeal for a closer fellowship among rates brother from brother. Nobody wants the churches it must be admitted that the this kind of division and those who still best modern missionary work has been believe in the existence of denominations mean done by a divided Church. Where the Roman that the spiritual unity of Christian broth- Catholic Church has had undisputed sway in ill- erhood shall be maintained. If this can be troducing Christianity the 're- done, the rest will take care of suIts do not make one wish for itself.

such possibilities too widely. Is denominationalism the Moreover, the mission field On the whole, a healthier and "scandal of Christendom" at is the scene of many helpful more vigorous religious life home or abroad or are the di- movements toward union and results in lands where the visions a necessary expres- of a vast amount of coopera- Protestant forces are at work, sion of individuality? Does tive work, both among mis- and these are divided forces. It the mUltiplication of sects in sionaries representing Western would be poor argument to the Protestant Church in- Churches, and among the na- suggest that it is their division crease friction and administra- tional Christian groups formed that gives them power. All tion expense and decrease effi- from their work. These coop- that is now argued is that their ciency or does it increase in- erative enterprises cover a divisions have not hindered a terest and giving and decrease wide range-education, medi- certain degree of success in the danger of politics and cen- cine, translation, Christian lit- commending the religion of tralized power in the Church? era t u r e, training Christian Christ to those in mission Dr. McAfee ,has had wide ex- workers, establishing churches, lands. perience as a college and sem- and much more. There are We cannot argue that if only inary professor, a pastor, p a i n f u I exceptions-a few all the churches would unite in moderator of the General As- among the definitely organized one church we should then be sembly, world traveler, stu- churches, and rather more able to "win the world" speed- dent and missionary execu- among groups following par- iIy. Indeed, one of the baffling tive. His view of the situa- ticular lines and declining to facts of American life is that tion is worth pondering. cooperate with others. But so many instances occur in anything that gives the im- which the reduction of church- pression that the mission field es to one in a community does not result in deep- is the scene of strife and faction and confusion ening the religious life Or accomplish the chris- because of church divisions exaggerates the fact.

tianizing of the people. Possibly the Christian One wishes the story could stop there, but that faith is too rich to find an outlet in one form of would not be right nor accurate. Existing expression, either of belief or of practice or of church divisions are at many points terribly worship. If two groups of Christians could be costly to the missionary enterprise. The Chris- thoroughly Christian and accept each other as tian faith has been shamed before the unbelievers fellow-believers, they might do better service for of mission lands. Factions have even taken Christ as two groups than if they became one. cases into national courts, making plain the rea- The curse of division is that it cuts down into sons for the Apostle's horrified exclamations the spirit of believers so often and really sepa- against such unworthy practices. Small bodies [202] have refused to take part in joint efforts to make costs on the field are often heavier than they Christ known, because of some pressure from the ought to be and these are almost never reckoned home field. Many missionaries would go much among the items of "overhead" because they are farther than their supporting constituency would outside of America; They are still "overhead,"

permit in recognizing the equal Christian wit- however, since they are part of the cost of getting ness of other workers. Divisions in the West the work done.

are sometimes duplicated in the East on terms It is a grave question, which we ought to face, which would be ridiculous if they were not tragic whether it is necessary to maintain separate mis- and are often based solely on traditions brought sion boards and committees, with secretaries, in bodily from the West. treasurers, clerks, publications, promotion work- ers, using a considerable percentage of gifts for Three Serious Hindrances the purpose, when a number of them could be united at a great reduction of cost. It is the duty At least three serious hindrances can be traced of each board to keep a steady eye on its outlay, to church divisions among ourselves. but there is no escaping a heavy load of expenses I. These divisions result in a heavy increase by any supervision. Many dollars are used in adof "overhead" in missionary administration. It ministration because of church divisions in the is a testimony to the essential missionary nature West which could be released for field work if of the Christian faith that virtually all of the the divisions were healed or ignored. Western divisions have missionary work in other lands. No sooner does a group break away from The Influence on the Mission Field an existing body than it proceeds to undertake missionary work of its own. Sometimes the II. These divisions have a constant and in- smaller groups are deceived into thinking that evitable influence on the growing Church on the their work has no overhead cost because there is field. Most of the field divisions are the out- no paid secretary nor rented office. All the work growth of Western divisions, though many are is done voluntarily and without salary. But the now kept alive by nationals who are more earnest person who does the work has to live and all that in maintaining them than the missionaries. In happens is that somebody else pays the cost of several instances the missionary force by large living-a church which releases a pastor or a majority would have wiped out a divisive distinc- church worker long enough for this extra work, tion but the national believers stood with the mis- or an individual who makes this his gift to for- sion minority and refused to agree to any such eign missions can give less directly because action. This is often reckoned a particularly loyal he pays the collecting and transmitting costs of course on the part of the nationals. In most in- the enterprise. As the work grows, it becomes stances they have learned their lessons from ear- inevitable that someone must give more time to lier or present missionaries who brought it from it and presently an assistant secretary or treas- the West. In one country I had occasion to list, urer is employed and a modest office is rented so with a veteran missionary, all the thirteen sep- that supporters can be kept informed. Printing arated Christian groups, some in sharp antago~ bills begin to be larger than purely voluntary nism to the others, and I found that not one of gifts will meet, so they absorb the gifts of some them had originated in the land itself. All had donors, part of which might have gone directly been imported from America or Great Britain.

to the work. From this point on costs are sure On the other hand, there are cases where na- to increase and the best anyone can do is to resist tional groups wish to obliterate the division increased expenses at every point. which has been brought from the West and find But it would be possible to administer the that they can do this only by severing their rela- American or British end of several boards or com- tion to the sending body to which they owe their mittees at slightly more than the present cost of knowledge of Christ. The hand of the West one. The three or four largest boards in America reaches over to restrain them and to maintain could unite their forces and reduce their "over- among them the conditions which have seemed head" to little more than the cost of the largest. necessary on this side of the sea. But when West- They deal with the same problems, cover the same ern divisions are healed it is discovered that these fields at many points, could meet the same difficul- restraints are not necessary and the groups flow ties in ten fields as easily as in eight, and could together. It would release many national groups release a great deal of money for field work. Ad- for their larger and more efficient service if the ministration costs more at the point where all divisions of the sending churches were healed.

bills are highest, namely, in the home offices. Even III. The divisions in the Christian Church so, it must not be overlooked that administrative tend to magnify distinctions within the Christian

message rather than to emphasize the central initial, simpler steps in the Christian faith. But heart of the message which is common to all in- the serious danger is that in presenting to new telligent believers. The Gospel got its start in believers the special accents which mark us here the first place on very simple terms. The divisions we may shadow to their minds the big, central which now mark the Western Church' are not realities by which we all live. As wise helpers of native to the Gospel but are native rather to us. the faith of our brethren we have no wish to close It is not fair to load up the Gospel in a new land any pathway of discussion which may open bewith acquired elements which are not essential fore them, but our own part is to give them right beginnings in the simpler faith with which the to it. church starts. Courses that rest on our divisions We need not minimize the importance of the really misrepresent the Christian faith, which is meant to bring us together, not to separate us as things that divide us, but there can be no doubt believers. that the things that are common to us are the greater things, the central things, of our faith. Avoiding any exaggeration of the hindrance Or, to word it differently, the simpler things of caused in the missionary movement by our Westthe Gospel are the common things; the more in- ern divisions, there is danger and hindrance tricate things, the profounder implications of the enough in those divisions to drive us to heal them, faith are the debated things which are the ground or at least to ignore them, when we undertake to of our differences. We need not decry our own give others the essential Gospel through which we divisions even when we deprecate the transmis- have been saved. sion of them to others who have still to take the Present Trends in Foreign Missions Dr. Cornelius H. Patton in his address at the opening session of the conferences for the newly appointed missionaries of the American Board, set forth the following four- teen points showing some of the present-day trends in foreign missions: 1. To transfer leadership and ownership to the national Christians of each land as early as pos- sible.

2. To recognize more fully the responsibility of governments and to cooperate with them in so far as fundamental Christian principles allow.

3. To encourage and conserve the values of indigenous religion and culture wherever found, seeking always to domesticate Christian ideals and institutions in the environment and tradition of each land.

4. To maintain, as may be necessary, the distinction between Christianity and so-called Christian ci viliza tion.

5. To interpret the Christian message in such a way as to make it applicable to the total life of a people.

6. To make evangelism complete by emphasizing the Christ-sp,irit as the saving element in all proc- esses of social improvement.

7. To stress the improvement of rural communities as the special need of the hour.

8. To adapt education to the circumstances .of a given people and as furnishing the background for national strength as well as for the development of the religious life.

9. To offer motive and guidance in the effort to save the people of the East fr.om the mistakes of the industrial order of the West.

10. To work for the consolidation of the Christian forces throughout the world.

11. In the selection and training of missionary personnel to insist upon the highest degree of effi- ciency attainable.

12. To help people at home and abroad to realize and appreciate the world of our day as a unity of interests and aspirations.

13. To attempt to preach the eternal Gospel by word and in terms that men and women of this age will understand.

14. To find in the leadership and saving power of Christ the only hope of a distressed and bewil- dered yet spiritually hungry world.

Dr. Patton added that the American Board could honestly lay claim to having worked through the years along these lines with perhaps the exception of three which are new to the entire Christian world. -The Congregationalist.

Open Door in Savage N e"W Guinea*

By the REV. R. TAEUBER, St. Paul, Minnesota Executive Secretary, American Lutheran Mission in New Guinea W HEN the Venerable Senior Lutheran Mis- Gospel) even in the remote corners of the terri- sionary, Dr. John Flierl, and Missionary tory. While in the year of our Lord 1900 only Tremel first landed at Simbang forty-five two natives in that district had been converted years ago, no one was on the beach to meet them. to Christ, during the following thirty years After having pitched a tent to store their belong- 30,000 have been baptized after a thorough in- ings they went over to the nearest village looking struction lasting from three to six years. Dur- for natives, but not a soul could be found. The ing the year 1929, 4,000 natives were baptized men, women and children, together with every- and 4,633 others attended preparatory classes.

thing movable, had disappeared into the bush. This growth has been realized in spite of small These ambassadors of Christ realized that they beginnings, adverse times and paralyzing condi- were not wanted and were con- tions, and notwithstanding the fronted by an enemy behind a fact that during the World wall of passive and active re- War the mission was cut off sistance. The doors of New from its mother Church in Guinea were closed to them and Germany and was put into fortified with innumerable and hands entirely unprepared for a p par ently insurmountable the task. The work has devel- barriers. oped wonderfully and is now The New Guinea natives expanding at such a rate that were bloodthirsty savages and the churches at home have had cannibals. It is a miracle that to serve notice to the missiona- they did not kill and devour ries on the field that for eco- these white intruders. But as nomic reasons curtailment was ancient enemies were smitten necessary.

with blindness, so these na- The present white staff con- tives were smitten with fear TYPICAL OF THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN sists of thirty-six ordained misso that they did not dare to DARKNESS AND LIGHT IN NEW GUINEA sionaries, including one doctor, touch God's servants. Natives six nurses, twenty-one lay mis- after their conversion to Christ have said: sionaries, three women helpers and thirty-six "When we saw the big steamer far out off the married women.

coast, we thought that God had come down and There are twenty main stations, two seminaries, was rocking himself on the waves smoking a big four coconut plantations, one sawmill, two sup- cigar." The missionaries were thought to be ply stores, a health station, hospitals, schooners gods because of their white skin. and motor boats. In 170 schools 196 trained native It was only after fourteen years of hard and teachers are instructing 4,853 native children.

sacrificial labor by the pioneers that they saw There are also approximately 500 native helpers.

the first fruits of their faithful service. Then, in The outstanding feature of this mission is the 1900, they baptized the first two Papuans to ac- training of native evangelists. The Papuan cept Christ in that part of the island. Since then Christians are taught to consider it their duty the wall of pagan resistance has been crumbling to bring the miti (the Gospel) to their pagan more and more. Cannibals are still to be found neighbors and to the strangers in the interior.

in the interior and only recently two missiona- This is done at great sacrifice and even at the ries had to flee from spears and arrows. But on risk of life. Usually when a class is baptized the whole the doors are open to the miti (the some of the members volunteer to help in mission • Observations on my visit to the Territory of New Guinea, 1929-30. work to become trained helpers or to do "their bit" as untrained workers. R. Taeuber.

[205]

pause. Someone from the a u die n c e then asked: "Have you nothing to say?" Finally a tall Timbe man arose and said: "Our heads are hanging low. We will learn the new way."

At Quambu I had been invited by the native to at- tend the first confirmation and, with their missionary, to lay my hands on the young converts. At the close of the service a na- tive with troubled features arose and with bowed head slowly and hesitatingly came forward. At the lad- der leading up the plat- A CONGREGATION IN THE LUTHERAN MISSION. MANDANG, NEW GUINEA form, 10-12 feet above the ground, he paused, while During my visit to this far-away mission field all eyes were fixed on him. According to na- it was my privilege to attend several baptismal tive custom no one asked what he wanted, but festivals. At Sombore, a station 8,000 feet high all waited patiently. Suddenly his irresolution in the Cromwell Mountains, I saw Missionary seemed to vanish and he ascended the platform Wacke baptize the first fruits of that village- and said: thirty-two men and women. Ten years ago they "I want to make a short speech. Do you see this were cannibals; now they have become missiona- pUlpit with or without fruit? There is no fruit," ries of Christ. At the close of the services sev- he shouted at the top of his voice, while the audieral young men volunteered to become helpers, ence nodded assent. He continued: "I had while close by on the slope of the hill sat about hoped to present today my boy as a candidate for 150 people of the Timbe tribe, half naked, with the helpers' school, but my wife refused. I contheir grim savage faces and unsteady eyes. Their sulted her brothers but she would not yield to spears, bows and arrows were always at hand. their appeals. What can you do if you have such Will these, too, become Christians? a stubborn wHeT'

During the afternoon celebration one of the na- Saying this he de!,cended. Later the congre- tive teachers called for a Timbe woman (named Pui- pui) and, pointing to her as she stood before all the people, shouted to the Timbe men: "You Timbe are not men, you are women; you fear the spirits of the dead and the sorcerers and your neighbors. You would like to try the new way, but you are cowards. This woman here has the heart of a man, she has courage and has shown you what to do."

He paused and then INTERIOR OF THE SIMPLE CHRISTIAN CHURCH AT AMELE. NEW GUI~EA asked : "Now tell me, am I right or did I tell you a lie '?" There was a long

AN OPEN DOOR IN SAVAGE NEW GUINEA

gation took matters in hand and the boy is now preparing for m iss ion work.

Going up the Markham Valley for more than sev- enty-five miles on horse- back, I rode through a forty-mile stretch without passing a single village.

Years ago the Laewomba tribe had killed most of the inhabitants. The few remaining people settled farther up the river or took to the mountains.

Now the Laewomba are sending Christian evangel- ists to their benighted fel- TRAINING A NEW GUINEA BAND-WITH BRASS INSTRUMENTS AND SEA SHELLS low Papuans to bring them peace of heart and life. was creeping down from the mountains. The missionary pointed to one of our black carriers On the grass plains of the Azera district on and said: the upper Markham, we passed through village after village. A great change has taken place and there is a marked contrast between former "The other day this young man confessed to me conditions. The Christian settlements are clean- that ten years ago his father and other men of the er and more orderly. Men and women work; the village, while hunting in the bush, had suddenly children attend school; the natives greet you in come upon a woman of a hostile tribe. They seized a friendly manner; their whole life and appear- her and triumphantly carried her back to their ance shows that a new spirit has taken possession own village where she was hung all night,. danof them. gling from a pole to which her hands and feet had been tied under one of their huts. To prevent We were about to enter one village as darkness her screaming a man broke her jawbones with a club. The next morning this young man now carrying my pack, then a boy of about ten years, was se- lected to kill the woman with a wooden sword, after which the villagers feast- ed on her flesh."

Entering the village we heard another sound-not the screams of the poor captive woman but the tones of a little church bell calling the villagers to wor- ship. Anutu (God) was being honored in the small bush chapel after ten years of mission work; what a change!

A few years ago the Pa- puan natives were accus- BAPTISMAL SERVICE IN THE LUTHERAN MISSION AT CARABO tomed to trade children for f 0 0 d supplies, especially

durillg a famine. While some ate their ac- of his head to the soles of his feet, appears wear- quired yams, taro and the like, others feasted ing a demon mask. Beating his drum he dances on the. flesh of the bartered children. Now these into the open square continually praising himself people take their children to as the prince of darkness, of other villages, not to sell but lies and all evil and promising to put them in the mission his followers joys of life.

school. Then the beating of another Unbelieving skeptics who drum is heard as a snow-white scoff at Christian missions figure emerges from the bush should go to New Guinea and and also enters the square. He look into the eyes of former announces him s elf as the savages and cannibals and Prince of Light and Love and listen to their songs and demands obedience to Anutu pra~ers, .. and his miti (the Gospel); The Christian Papuans not he calls men and women to only meet for worship but they struggle against the power of also· have other mission gath- darkness, and to bear a cross; erings. Melanesian Day is a he promises true joy and happi- festival that lasts several days ness in the way of the Light and is attended by thousands and a blessed life hereafter.

of Christian and non-Christian The dark figure disappears in- natives. By sermon, pageant to a pit that has been prepared and dialogue the native teach- and covered with palm leaves ers, elders and others endeav- while the white figure raises or to deepen the knowledge the drum amid shouts of vic- and interest of the visitors and tory. The dark figure emerges to arouse enthusiasm for mis- A CHRISTIAN LINK BETWEEN THE RACES again to illustrate the reactions sion work among their be- of heathendom, but finally the nighted black brethren. They DR. J. FLIERL. THE SENIOR LUTHERAN dark figure flees into the bush have a unique way of illustrat- MISSIONARY. WITH HIS GRANDSON AND and disappears. The light of A NEW GUINEA CHILD.

ing Biblical teachings and Christian life. For the miti (the Gospel), of Anutu (God) has won.

example: Heathendom must be conquered.

The beating of a native drum far off in the bush May God give abundant light to His people in comes nearer and nearer. Thousands of eyes are New Guinea and help them to conquer darkness.

turned in the direction of the sound. Suddenly May His face shine upon them and may He be a dark figure, painted jet black from the crown gracious unto them.

WHAT IS THE COMPENSATION?

The full story will never be told of what missionaries have endured. Much of it has been borne in secret with that silent patience that seeks recompense only from God. They have said good-bye to parents and friends, many of whom they have never seen again on earth. Often on their return, they have only memories of father or mother and a marble slab or a plot of green in the graveyard. They send their children home and, having com- mitted them to God, settle down again to bear without complaint their wistful loneliness. The past few months have revealed all too poignantly the sufferings and the heartaches of our missionaries despite the courage with which theY have endured. Sdme are beset by dangers untold, by flood and famine and· banditry and war. Their hearts are broken by the sight of the need and suffering around them. They are burdened with the overwhelming weight of crass superstition and idolatry.

A missionary was asked what compensation he had found in his work for all the sacri- fices he had made. He took from his pocket a letter, worn with much handling, and read this sentence from an Oriental student: "But for you, I would not have known Jesus Christ, our Saviour. Every morning as I kneel down before God, I think of you and I pray."

"That," said the missionary, "is my compensation !" REV. C. DARBY FULTON, D. D.

Self;,Criticism of Missions Today*

By DR. OSCAR MAC MILLAN BUCK, Madison, N. J.

Professor of Missions and Comparative Religion at Drew University W E are in the beginnings, not merely of a sand mISSIOnaries in so-called non-Christian new age, but of a new decade that carries lands; they help in the support of over sixty-five the characteristics of a new age. In this thousand native teachers and preachers and workdecade of the nineteen hundred and thirties our ers; they conduct almost twenty thousand schools intercontinental consciousness has become vivid and educational institutions, from the kinder- and permanent. In this decade we have made a garten to the university, with over eight hundred definite commitment to a new world order. We thousand students; they are carrying on over have made an attempt to re- four hundred hospitals in one turn to "normalcy," such as we hun d red and twenty-three knew before the World War be- Are we up-to-date in our countries and imp 0 r tan t gan to tear up our Western civ- missionary methods? What is provinces. It is obviously im- ilization by the roots. The this Christian enterprise ac- possible in the short space of present goal is not "Back to complishing today in a mnd half an hour to critically ap- normalcy," but forward into a like India? We are at a crisis praise the place of this enor- new world-wide order, inclu- -perhaps the greatest since mously developed enterprise in sive of all the continents, all the Crucifixion. The mission- the midst of this extensively the races, all the nations, all ary enterprise and the Church developing world transforma- the classes and both sexes- itself is being severely criti- tion.

forward into the mist with the cized by the youth and those Let me say three things at ground trembling under our outside. the outset. First, I realize feet. The year just closed is Dr. Buck has just returned that this is a very serious time one of the most critical and sig- from a tour of India for the in which to criticize the mis- nificant in the history of man- purpose of examining criti- sionary enterprise. Christian kind; the new year before us cally the work on the field. He missions are in a retrenchment summons us to new thinking, shows some of the changes movement of considerable mag- new relationships, new organi- that must be made if Chris- nitude and of considerable zations, new fears, new hopes, tianity is to be at the heart of danger. It is possible that this and new deliverances. the forward movements in all great adjustment to new lines We are in the midst of the lands-not only on the edges. and new positions may end in great world-wide movements, His constructive criticisms catastrophe. The breakdown anyone of which is sufficient are worth reading. and the breakup of the work to revolutionize the world as of the previous generation we knew it away back in the would be a calamity. What nineteen hundred and twenties. I have been the church needs today is not criticism, but asked to appraise the present Christian mis- confidence, and any criticism that is careless, sionary enterprise in the light of this rapidly wild or reckless may do incalculable damage to a developing world situation, an enterprise which movement that has at its heart the redeeming reaches its fingers into the depths of all the con- Gospel of Jesus Christ.

tinents and which has its footholds on the borders Second, I realize that many missionary leaders, of all lands. those at the heart of the administration, are fully The Protestant churches of North America conscious that great changes are needed in the alone put thirty-five million dollars a year into missionary enterprise today. The good field mar- this commitment; they keep over fourteen thou- shal of the Protestant missions, Dr. John R. Mott, has published a volume entitled "The Present-Day • From an address on "A Critical Appraisal of the Missionary Enter- Summons to the World Mission of Christianity." prise in the Light of This Present World Situation," delivered at the One of the secretaries of the International Mis- Eleventh Quadrennial Convention of the Student Volunteer Movement, Buffalo, New York, December 31, 1931. sionary Council dares to quote from a friend who [209]

said, "Within ten years the Protestant missions missions were prominent in the procession that will be so different as to be scarcely recognizable." marched around these ancient Jerichos of super- In the current number of the International Re- stition, ignorance, darkness, injustice, oppression view of Missions Dr. Qharles R. Watson, a for- and grief. mer Mission Board secretary, and today the President of the American University in Cairo, says: Having said this by way of introduction, let me "Frankly, it is missions as such that now need re- say that my criticism, my appraisal of Christian thinking; that the world changes since 1914 have missionary enterprise is not out of books, but it been revolutionary will, I think, be universally is out of my own experience. I myself come out conceded; that missions have experienced any of confusion of mind. I am just out of India, drastic changes will be claimed by no one." Both whither I went as secretary of the commission on the mission field and in North America there sent by the International Missionary Council and are many who realize that the Christian mission- cooperating bodies to study the Christian colleges ary enterprise is at present inadequate for the of India. I was also in India five years ago for nineteen hundred and thirties. We do not need eight months as the companion and associate of to drag such leaders into a more adequate pro- that modern St. Paul-Dr. Stanley Jones. gram and strategy. They are moving as rapidly as we will let them move into a program that is When I returned to India this last year I found adequate for the coming day. in five years such changes, such a shift in the whole missionary enterprise and its relationship Third, I do not intend to criticize the Christian to the life of the land, that I was thrown for a missions on the basis of failure in the past. Fail- time into great darkness and confusion of mind. ures there have been, but failure there has not I have had to work my way slowly out of that conbeen. Reverse the picture. Those things which fusion and I speak of the things which I have seen have been put into statistical tables and which and the things which I have learned. many have considered as the principal result of Christian missions, put those in as the by-product, An IDustration From India and what have been considered as the by-product, consider as the principal results of Christian mis- Let me take India as an illustration of what I sions, and what do we see? Static civilizations have to say in appraising the missionary enterhave become mobile. My mother went to India prise. This is the oldest and in some ways the sixty years ago. (She is still living, thank God.) most successful of our mission fields. During those sixty years she has seen an India that was static and inert aroused and moving so In the first place, the Christian missionary enrapidly that any man who is away from India for terprise is being forced from the heart of these a few months goes back to find a strangely great movements, which are developing and exchanged land. panding with such rapidity, out to the circumfer- ence of these movements. On the one side we Another great phenomenon is the "approxima- have this situation developing so rapidly along tion of religions." The great religions of the many lines as to be almost revolutionary, and on world are moving toward Christianity and are the other side we have a great Christian institubridging the chasms that separated them from tionalism with machinery, heavy and intricate, Christian ideas and ideals, from Christian prin- unable to adjust itself quickly to the turns in the ciples and ethics. Again, it is not an exaggera- road. Christian missions seem to lack a steering tion to say that the conscience of the world today gear equal to the heavy mechanism which they is more Christian than it has ever been. The min- possess. Conditions have changed so rapidly that istry to the under-privileged and to the sick has they have not been able to adapt themselves to gone far beyond the Christian Church, and has these tremendous changes in Indian life. As a now become the concern of States. Christian result, these great movements are going past us. friendships have had a powerful influence. The They may not be un-Christian, or anti-Christian, ethical wholesomeness of many Christian lives and one might welcome this fact, but they ignore and of Christian homes established in non-Chris- Christianity, as they move toward their goals. tian lands tell the same story. The proletariat The Christian missionary enterprise, if it is to movement, the women's movement–all these play its part in the nineteen hundred and thirties, great transformations in the life of the mission and to speak to men's consciences and minds with fields are results, in a large measure, of the Chris- authority and power, must move into the center tian missionary enterprise of the Protestant of these great movements. That involves a new churches. We do not claim that they are alto- strategy, a new alignment, and a new effort on gether due to missions-but at least Christian the part of the Christian churches. It means withdrawal at certain places; concentration at other places. It means unified thinking and con-

SELF-CRITICISM OF MISSIONS TODAY

certed action on the part of widely different de- education in the nineteen hundred and thirties nominations. and forties. Said one official, "The finest thing Take the Nationalist Movement in India. What that Christian missions could do in India would outstanding Christian leaders have we in this be to close all its men's colleges and turn them movement, and Protestant movements have been into women's colleges." We are not awake to our in India for two hundred years? There are some opportunity. There are only three small Chrisyounger Christian men coming on. It was a tian colleges and three larger colleges for women great loss to the Christian Church of India when in India. Only three and one-half per cent of the K. T. Paul died last year, for he was rapidly mak- students in Christian colleges of India are in the ing his way into the inner councils of that great women's colleges. Ninety-six and one-half per development. But Indian Christianity is still a cent are in the men's colleges. The women are minority group on the edges of the Nationalist not doing their share in this great, developing women's movement in India, which carries the Movement. Take the great movement of the proletariat of regeneration of India so deeply in its heart.

India. These fifty million untouchables, a part The Influence of Education of the proletariat movement of the world, are moving forward without wise Christian leader- Take the field of education. Our educational ship and without efficient lay leaders. They work is not in the heart of the movement of the desperately need wise, trained leaders who can day. It is being pushed to the edges. Christian lead this multitude out of their Egypt of disabili- missions have had a splendid record in education.

ties into their Canaan of equalities with other peo- Eight per cent of the colleges of India are Chris- ples in India. Christian missionaries were the first tian. Sixteen per cent of the students who go to go to the untouchables. We were the ones that through colleges in India go through Christian drew attention to their lot. We walked into their colleges. We have the opportunity to mold one hovels and flashed the light of a better day into out of every six college graduates, but the printheir dim eyes. We sat down and, pointing with cipals of these colleges recognize that we are slip- .our fingers to the letters of the alphabet, taught ping, and it was because of their request that this them to read. We made out of them a separate commission was sent out to suggest how the community, so that they were no longer untouch- Christian colleges of India could work back into ables-they were Christians-a separate fold. We the center of things. We are tied to a state sysdid not constantly keep sending leaders back, as tem of education which is still wandering in the Moses and Aaron were sent back to their fellows, wilderness, which is determined by the poverty of with the word "Thus sayeth the Lord God, let my India rather than by what is good for India's welpeople go"; and now Gandhi claims to be their fare; in this situation the C:p.ristian colleges find champion. The spinning wheel and the "un- themselves unable to use adequately the opportutouchables" are his favorite themes. nities which they themselves create. There are The Great Women's Movement more non-Christian teachers in the Christian col- leges for men in India than there are Christian Take the great women's movement in India to- teachers. There are three hundred and ninetyday. The president of the Women's Educational seven non-Christian teachers in the thirty-two Conference, speaking at Lahore, said that the Christian colleges for men, while the Christian Christian missionaries were responsible for the teachers number three hundred and fifty-seven. In beginnings of the women's movement in India. many a Christian institution non-Christians are She paid a high tribute to the Christian mission- teaching science and philosophy-two tremenaries, but their leadership is largely gone from dously important subjects for the nineteen hunthe women's movement in India. Theosophists dred and thirties.

lead the procession now. Christian missions for There is, of course, an overwhelming prepon- women have been too suspicious of the Nationalist derance of non-Christian students in Christian Movement, too unwilling to trust that movement colleges-eighty-seven and one-half per cent in with its traditions and ideals out of the past of the men's Christian colleges are non-Christian.

India. And yet we still hold a very strategic In India the largest American college has a stu- place in the women's movement. Christian wom- dent body ninety-seven per cent non-Christian, en's colleges are the best all-round colleges in In- and the largest British college has also a non- dia. We were told there that the finest thing that Christian student body ninety-seven per cent.

Christian missions could do in India would be to With a faculty so largely non-Christian, and with prepare for the great avalanche of Hindu and a preponderatingly non-Christian student body, Moslem women who would be demanding higher how can we expect Christian colleges of India, or

of any land, to create more than a mild Christian missionary enterprise before we can go far in influence? They ought to be making a profound meeting, joyfully, adequately and enthusiastically, Christian impact upon the situation. With the the claims of this new decade. In large measure crowded curriculum and the efforts to keep up the best youth of the colleges and of the churches with the administration and the routine, our have been lost for the missionary task of the Christian missionaries can not give themselves Church of Christ. We must speak a vocabulary adequately to personal contacts with men and that they can understand. We must move out women, or with students. into a world that they appreciate as the world in which they live. Every newspaper sounds the Again, I would like to say that the great fallacy bugle call. A new world is forming for better or in modern missions is the conception that many for worse. For one thing the student today is out means much. It does not. Many Christians do of patience with the word "home" and the word not mean much Christianity. Many centers oc- "foreign." He wishes to deal with the whole cupied do not mean much accomplished, and many world and not a divided world. These movements, institutions do not necessarily mean much Chris- these crises, these clashes of which we hear, tian influence. We must not depend on the statis- stretch clear across the continents in these ninetical tables to estimate the power of Christianity. teen hundred and thirties. Is it not time to take The Kingdom of Heaven is not a chamber of com- the word "foreign" out of the Christian missionmerce. In the strange mathematics of Jesus one ary enterprise? We must enlist the youth of the may be more important than ninety and nine. world in the service of Christ for all the world. The most stirring things I saw in India were not buildings or crowds. Among others, a most I close with two brief words of hope. This is a stirring sight was the face of a Burmese girl be- day when God is working. Jesus Christ in His longing to the Gospel Team sent to India from day saw the Kingdom of God moving across the Judson College, Burma; another was a young threshold to form a new era. He went out to meet Christian apologist in a small village of India, it at dawn, and expected God to work His martalking to a crowd of Mohammedans; and an- vels in that new day. He kept this attitude of other was a Lutheran communion service at expectancy to the end. As He hung on the Cross Guntur. Not many necessarily, but much. He was still eagerly expectant-and just beyond' "this day" loomed "paradise." God is creating Too Much Finances and it is time for us to work with Him.

Again, I am convinced that we have put finances The last thing I say is that we must not forget too much to the front in modern missions. At the Power that may dwell in a single human perhome we have made the collection plate and the sonality. Under the influence of this Power eleven duplex envelope rather than the Cross the symbol disciples "turned the world upside down." One of missions; as a result, we seem to say, "If any disciple became the great apostle to the Gentiles. man would be Christ's disciple, let him join the Two German students set the Protestant missionchurch and make his subscription and so follow ary enterprise to going in Europe. One young me." We have spoiled a good word "missions," English cobbler and one young Cambridge don which means "sending," and have made it mean woke the churches of England to look across the "spending." Sacrificial enthusiasm was charac- seas. Five college students started the Foreign teristic of the first missions and finances were Missionary Movement in North America. A secondary. When enthusiasm dies out we must handful of young men at Mt. Hermon heard the struggle to keep up the finances. What we need call and seized the opportunity forty-five years to do is to bring in the tides of enthusiasm for a ago and started the greatest Christian crusade of new world, a Christ-like world, and the finances all history. The power in the personality of will be lifted by the impact of the tide. Jesus is not exhausted. I do not believe that we have yet reached the frontiers of the dream, the Other constructive criticisms I might make, but hope, the enthusiasm of Jesus Christ for the let me close by saying that the youth, the best of world. According to His faith it will yet be done our Christian youth, must be recaptured for the unto Him.

There is no denying the faet that there is much muddled and confused thinking today with regard to Foreign Missions. and there is assuredly widespread ignorance and misunderstanding. It is to be feared also that there is a great deal of nllsrepresentation.

When. for example. it is stated that the Foreign Missionary work of the Church has lost sight of its primary evangelistic purpose and has become educational and philanthropic, the statement represents either ignorance or misrepresentation. The Foreign Mission work of our Church stands solidly on the great commission of our Lord. Its representatives have gone out to preach the Gospel, to make Jesus Christ known as the only Saviour of the world; to tell the stOry of His life and His death and His rising again, and to declare the meaning and the joyous message of His Cross and His Resurrection. RoBERT E. SPEER.

A STUDENT GOSPEL ITEAM STARTING OUT FROM KAREN AND BURMESE

Student Evangelists In Burma By the REV. H. 1. MARSHALL, Insein, Rangoon Missionary of the American Baptist Missionary Society H ONK! HONK! sounds the horn of the big ciation-"Climbing Jacob's Ladder" or "Lord, motor bus as it stands outside the door of Make Me More Humble." the dormitory of the Karen Seminary at Insein, not far from Rangoon. The driver is im- The last fellow comes running out with his patient for he has been waiting half an hour. cornet under his arm and, as he tucks his last With utter disregard of time he has come half an book into his bag, makes a flying leap at the back hour earlier than the time appointed. The boys, step of the bus as it starts down the hill. The coming from the dining hall, have run up to their sound of the songs die out in the distance and anrooms to get their Karen bags in which there is a other student campaign has started on its way. blanket, a Bible and a few song books. Others rush up with brass band instruments and a big A week or more ago a call came from some bass drum. This must be tied on the back of the rather discouraged pastor of a Karen village bus because there is no room inside. church, asking that a group of students come out and help him stir up the spiritual life in his vil- This is not a theatrical company starting off for lage. The group of Christian students was sea tour in the country, but an evangelistic band of lected and has met to pray that God would theologs and one or two teachers. They climb into cleanse their hearts and prepare them to become the bus, the bags are put under the seats and the channels of blessing to those to whom they go. crowd which gathers to see them off starts to sing They also pray that the Spirit of God will prepare a chorus: "Our Motto Is Service," "Living for the hearts of those to whom they are going, and Jesus," or "Dear Old Pals," or they may begin that they, as a group, may be welded into a spiritone of their favorite Negro spirituals, which the ual unity, with power from on high. Karen boys delight to sing with so much appre- When the bus has traveled some distance they enjoy another devotional quiet time, disturbed [213J

only by the throbbing of the engine. By the time all squat on the floor. Surrounding villages and the appointed village is reached the group has their opportunities are discussed, also the needs been welded together by song and happy pleas- of the school children. The work is divided among antry and prayer. They have become jolly pals the various members of the team: the school and are ready to stand by each other under all where they will conduct song services, teach Bible circumstances. They announce their arrival by a classes, play games and tell stories to the little song or a tune on a horn and the village children tots. Others in apostolic fashion, two by two, will come running out to gaze on the new arrivals with visit the houses of the non-Christians, or of back- all the ecstasy that the American small boy greets sliders. After the plans for the morrow have the arrival of the circus. been completed each member rolls up in his The Church elders come and lead the way to blanket and soon all are off to "the land of nod." the house which is to be the headquarters of the The next day after morning rice each member campaigners for the next two or three days. All living together in one house helps to keep the of the team retires to his corner with his Bible unity of the group and to maintain the high spir- preparing for his assigned work. Then the visiitual level at which the leaders, whether mission- tors go out and begin their round of calls at the ary or Karen, always aim to keep the team. homes. Everything is characterized by personal witnessing. "Preaching" is not allowed. Recent- That evening lights are taken to the village ly one young man, with his two companions, came chapel, or are hung on bamboos in the open place to a house where an old man was puttering between the houses, and mats are spread on the around on his back veranda. The student asked ground. Only those who have to remain at home the privilege of coming up and talking to him to watch for fear of thieves stay away from this about Jesus.

meeting. The band arrives and begins to tune The old man replied gruffly that he did not care up. The children draw in closer and closer. After anything about Jesus. The student replied, "Will the leaders have had a few moments of prayer, you allow us to come and talk about ourselves?"

the whole team comes and opens the exercises The old man had no objection, so the young men with a song. Good feeling and jolly fellowship went up and squatted beside him. After a few abound for they feel that Christ has made life words of general conversation the leader began full of joy and has given them freedom from the telling of his early childish pranks, then of how terrifying fears of heathenism. he came to have a more serious view of life as he The songs and stunts that follow are side- learned its meaning through Christ. splitting and the people enjoy it. Laughter makes The old man had dropped his work and was impossible any active opposition on the part of listening intently. Then he said: "Come into the those who dislike Christian preachers, or of house and sit down," and with true oriental hos- Buddhists who come expecting to hear their re- pitality spread a mat for them to sit on. The ligion maligned. Even opponents find themselves other two students each told his experience and enjoying the evening so much that when one of answered a number of questions. They so won the students is introduced as having something the old man's confidence that he was glad to join to tell about himself that they eagerly listen to with them in a prayer to God for help and guid- his Christian testimony. ance.

One Christian student tells what a disobedient Only two or three houses may be visited in a and foolish young man he once was, and then how morning, but in almost every case the visit is a new spirit and new life came into his heart and long enough for the students to tell their experi- he became a Christian with changed ideals and a ence and explain it and to "pray through" with new joy and outlook on life. All are interested some member of the household who shows a real from beginning to end and hardly realize that this interest. Many decisions for Christ have been is the religion that they had looked upon as some won in this way.

new foreign foolishness. Other members of the team go to the village After the concert the village teacher, or pastor, school where they teach Gospel choruses to the and one or two elders are invited to come to the children, or action songs that are greatly enjoyed.

guest house and unite in prayer. Tomorrow is Then follow Bible lessons fitted to the children of another day with exacting duties and privileges. the different ages. At intervals all go out in the They pray "to be led to make out the best pro- open for a group game and some of the village gram," "to use men to the best advantage and to grown ups may be inveigled into limbering up win the largest number of those who have not and playing volley ball or "three-deep." The found the abundant Life." A regular "round morning ends with more songs and rousing testi- table" is held even though there is no table and monies by two team members.

STUDENT EVANGELISTS IN BURMA

The afternoon follows much the same routine is difficult to give each one the needed personal and after the last service the members of the Gos- help. They are told the importance of "food, air pel team transform themselves into a football and exercise" (Bible reading, prayer and service).

team and playa game with the village boys. The The village teachers are given the names of those people of Burma are taking to football (soccer) who responded and the church, if there is one in all over the country and such a game is sure to the village, is urged to follow up the work.

bring out a crowd. This serves as good publicity Next morning amid the villagers' hearty shout to advertise the meeting in the evening. The of "Return Happily," the team starts back with good fellowship of the team and their fair play songs of rejoicing and thanksgiving. In the bus makes a favorable impression. they may hold a "round table" in which each The evening program is not like an ordinary member tells what this excursion has meant to evangelistic service for a crowd of Burmese and him. Wonderful testimonies reveal the effect on Karen villagers does not look much like an Ameri- their own lives. Their dull routine of classwork can church audience. Non-Christians do not get has taken on a new meaning. They have found much out of an ordinary sermon. How many such have been wasted on the desert air! The first point is to win their attention, then their interest and then to instruct them. The band opens the meeting and is a never failing drawing- card. Next comes a concert, which perhaps more resembles a variety entertainment. There are songs, comic and serious, various stunts to pro- voke the opposition-killing laughter, and a simple Bible drama. When the people feel happy they are much more receptive to the joyful Gospel mes- sage than when they are oppressed by the fear of the law.

When the concert is over and the last lingerers have gone home, some boys are still seen holding quiet talks with those whom they met in their house to house visits. Finally, no matter how late the hour, the team enjoys a devotional hour be- fore retiring. Experiences are exchanged, plans for the morrow talked over and prayed over and then the silent figures are seen wrapped up in their blankets on the floor. Some empty spaces show that a few are seeking to get still closer to the great Source of Power. They quietly steal off to a quiet spot and there pour out their souls to God in prayer that certain ones may not fail to A GOSPEL TEAM READY FOR A FOOTBALL GAME. (MR. DYER IS THIRD FROM THE RIGHT) make a decision for Christ on the morrow.

Sunday services may be dispensed with and the weak spots in their armour which they resolve to day spent in personal work. Everything points repair while there is yet time. A new vision of toward definite decisions and at the close of the Christ has been experienced and some have a new forenoon testimony meeting for the older chil- realization of what service really means. They dren, an invitation is given. In the evening there have experienced the joy of the reaper. After is another concert with its usual good fellowship such an experience nothing short of life-changing in which each item is given with a purpose. will satisfy one for a life work. While one member of the team, or one group is on the platform, the others sit with bowed heads, The church visited has also taken on new life. praying that the word spoken or sung may carry The pastor has seen over the edges of the high a message to some one in the audience. ruts into which he had fallen. The elders have had a vision of their duties and the Christians As the final invitation is given the members have found a new joy in their worship. Most of of the team scatter among the listeners, giving a all, the theological seminary is no longer a place quiet word of exhortation here and there. Usually for dry theorizing and dead orthodoxy, but it is a the effort is not without its reward and some- place where there is a pulsating, abundant life times the number who respond is so great that it that must be shared with those who have it not.

Our Missionary Hymns

Revision?

By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D., ..:( Princeton, New Jersey Editor of the Moslem World; Author of "Across the World of Islam," etc.

t – "FROM- GREENLAND'S ICY MOUNTAINsn T HERE are diversities of gifts but the same canon of St. Asaph in 1817 and soon after was ap- spirit. Some missionaries have been pio- pointed Bishop to Calcutta, as successor to the neer explorers, others bold apostles or flam- first Bishop, Dr. Middleton. Bishop Heber is ing evangelists; some have exercised gifts of heal- described as a brilliant scholar, a true poet, a ing, others of administration; some have been devoted parish clergyman, a fascinating persondistinguished scholars and linguists or translators ality, loved and admired by all who knew him. of the Scriptures. Reginald Heber (1783-1826) The Earl of Shaftsbury spoke in highest terms of became immortal through his missionary hymns, his character, saying: "No man ever equalled written both before and after he went out as Bishop Heber. His talents were of the most exthe second Anglican Bishop of Calcutta. Among quisite character. If he were not a Socrates, able his fifty-seven hymns, five are well-known in the to knock down by force of reasoning the most churches today: "Hosanna to the Living God"; stubborn opposers, he was like Orpheus, who led "Brightest and Best of the Sons of the Morning" ; even stones and trees by the enchantment of his "Holy, Holy, Holy"; "The Son of God goes Forth music." Bishop Heber was a warm supporter of to War"; and "From Greenland's Icy Mountains." the missionary societies of the Church of England Dr. Eugene Stock characterized the last of those and of the Bible Society. He made earnest efforts mentioned as the greatest of all missionary to unite the Church Missionary Society and the hymns. It has been very widely used and has Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, saying, been translated into the leading languages of "Why should there be two societies for the same Europe and of many on the mission fields. Is the precise object?" He actually formulated a plan of hymn, as some say, "too old-fashioned and con- union. ventional for present-day use"? One meets with strong prejudice against certain of its expres- Bishop Middleton had declined to license the sions, but closer study will reveal new elements of missionaries in Bengal or to ordain natives, alpower and beauty. though he learned to value their services, but Bishop Heber's policy was quite different. He Reginald Heber was born at Malpas, Chester, avoided friction with the civil authorities, made England, and at an early age began to write friends with the Baptist and Congregationalist poetry. At Oxford he produced a prize poem en- missionaries, and put the work of evangelization titled "Palestine." Later he traveled in Northern at the front. He sought to build up educational Europe and became rector of Hodnet in 1807. In institutions and to increase the number of mission 1815 he delivered the Bampton lectures, was made stations. But his excessive labors in a trying cli- [216] mate were brought to a sudden termination by In the revival of 1858 several converted sailors death from apoplexy at Trichinopoly on April 3, were on board the "North Carolina," a frigate of 1826, at the early age of forty. the U. S. Navy. When they compared nationalities Four years before his consecration as Bishop it was found that ten countries were represented.

he wrote his great missionary hymn under cir- One man said that he came from Greenland, cumstances that are most interesting. whereupon they spontaneously and heartily sang Dean Howson, in the Art Journal for June, the international stanzas of this old hymn.

1873, relates that Mr. Heber, then rector of Hod- When Dr. Alexander Duff returned from Cal- net, was visiting Dean Shirley, dean of 'St. Asaph cutta on his first furlough and thrilled large audi- and vicar of Wrexham, his father-in-law, just be- ences with his appeals for India, he closed a pow- fore Whit-Sunday, 1819. A royal letter had been erful address given before the Church Missionary issued, calling for missionary offerings in aid of Society with these words: the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, on "Oh, that the blessed era were greatly hastened! that particular day. Mr. Heber had gone to hear Oh, that the vision of that mitred minstrel who the dean preach and to take his share of the erewhile sung so sweetly of 'Greenland's icy Sunday evening lectures just established in that mountains' and 'India's coral strand' were speedchurch. On the Saturday previous, he was asked ily realized! that glorious vision wherein, rapt to prepare some verses to be sung at the close of into future times, he beheld the stream of Gospel the morning service. Sitting at the window of the blessings rise, and gush, and roll onward till it old vicarage, in a short time he produced this hymn-except the lines, "Waft, waft, ye winds, embraced every land and circled every shore- His story," which he wrote later. Only one change was made in the copy-"heathen" being put in- Till like a sea of glory, stead of "savage" nations. This was the first of It spread from pole to pole. modern missionary hymns that speaks imperatively to the conscience and at the same time with "Even so, Lord Jesus! come quickly: even so. persuasion and tenderness. It came as a trum- Amen." pet-call to duty. And then we are told that Duff sat down amid Not until 1823, when the hymn came to Ameri- a tempest of applause. can notice, did it receive the appropriate tune by Dr. Lowell Mason, now so familiar. The story of Does the hymn still appeal today? Or does it its composition reads like romance. need revision? Noone disputes that its language is chaste, its structure logical (once we grant the A lady residing in Savannah, Georgia, had in premises) and that it conforms in its imagery and some way become possessed of a copy of the rhythm to the laws of good hymnody. words, sent to this country from England. She was arrested by the beauty of the poetry and its The fact is that this hymn offers a concise possibilities as a hymn. But the meter of 7s, 6s, summary of the modern missionary enterprise as D., was almost new in this period; there was no conceived by the men who laid its foundations. tune which would fit the measure. She had been The first stanza proclaims the universality of the told of a young clerk in a bank, Lowell Mason by task; the second its necessity,. the third its name, just a few doors away down the street. It urgency,. the fourth its certainty of accomplishwas said that he had the gift for making beautiful ment. One could scarcely crowd an argument for songs. She sent her son to this genius in music, the basis, the aim, the motive and the goal of and in a half-hour's time he returned with this missions into smaller compass than we have in composition. Like the hymn it voices, it was done these four verses of eight lines each. at a stroke, but it will last through the years. An article recently appeared in the Christian An interesting passage in Heber's "Journal of Century deprecating "the slump in foreign misa Voyage to India" refers to the "spicy breezes" sions," and the writer gave reasons for decrease in that can be detected under certain circumstances, gifts and candidates. His diagnosis was masterly. thirty or forty miles from Ceylon. He said the churches today have lost the sense of Christ's supremacy and the unique character of His message. He is looked upon by many as only one among many saviours. Men have lost the sense of urgency; no longer do men worry to save Whatever may be true of odors wafted by lost souls or to evangelize the world in one gener- breezes from Ceylon seaward, there is no doubt ation. They have lost the sense of Christ's suffi- that the odor of the sweet ointment of this mis- ciency; there is no longer the calm assurance that sionary hymn poured out for Christ has been He alone can meet all of humanity's needs and wafted as a witness to all the world for over a aspirations.

century. It has been an inspiration to missionary If this be true of some of our churches and some gatherings held in many tongues. of our pulpits, then Bishop Heber's hymn comes

as a challenge. Chains of error still bind men and "Perhaps one of the most illuminating ways to women and little children in Africa and India. Lady Simons' recent book on "Slavery" and Kath- study idolatry sympathetically and scientifically is erine Mayo's "Volume Two" on child-marriage in India, make one ashamed of humanity. Along to watch what is done with a broken idol. The many an ancient river and in many a palmy plain superficial observer or the globe-trotter often THE RIGHT REV. REGINALD HEBER. D. D.. BISHOP OF CALCUTTA says: 'The Indians only think of their idols as there are still seen the horrors of heathenism and photographs of the divine, and they mean to them there are those who call us to deliver them from age-long error and darkness. exactly what the Sistine Madonna does to us.' If such an one really desires to learn whether an It was not the intention of Bishop Heber to assert that the inhabitants of Ceylon were sinners idol be only a photograph, let him watch what is vile above other men, but to point out, by one example of conditions in his day, the need for a done if a linga be broken. We have seen that it Saviour from sin in all its terrible forms in all the world and the tragedy of spiritual blindness cannot be repaired or mended, but must be rein the worship of the creature rather than the moved, and no man, Brahman, mason, or low- Creator-whether on the Gold-coast of Chicago or of West Africa- caste, dare enter into the inner shrine and lay Bows down to wood and stone. hands on a broken linga. "

There is no more sympathetic and truthful de- "When finally a sacred bull, by means of a gold scription of Hinduism extant than "The Rites of the Twice-born" by Mrs. J. St. Clair Stevenson or silver wire, has drawn the broken idol out (1920). It gives the detailed life-story of a Brahman from birth and babyhood to death and of the temple, it can be touched; so then the the funeral pyre. In the chapter on temple worship she writes: Brahmans take it, pack it up most carefully with sweets or sugar, and some high-caste gentleman, carrying it in his hand, drives or goes by rail to the sea. There he goes out in a boat and drops the parcel containing the linga into deep water."

Mrs. Stevenson alludes to the resulting Sakti- worship. "So widely spread is this sect that no book on modern Brahmanism would be complete which did not refer to it. For the sake of truth it may even be the terrible and austere duty of some one to investigate it but the present writer confesses herself unable to sully either her pages or her memory with further details."

"Can we whose souls are lighted with wisdom from on high" continue to discus-s the spiritual values of higher Hinduism and deny to the masses of India the lamp of life? If we no longer feel the urgency of our message it is because we have lost the overwhelming sense of its necessity. He who knows what salvation is for himself must share the good news.

Salvation! 0 Salvation! The joyful sound proclaim Till earth's remotest nation Has learned Messiah's name.

There is no substitute for the missionary pas- sion. To revive the spirit of evangelism, to restore the note of immediacy, to convince the world that we have a message sufficient for all men, every- where and always, we must go back to the Gospel as proclaimed by the apostles: "Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures and rose again."

Waft, waft, ye winds, His story, And you, ye waters, roll, Till like a sea of glory It spreads from pole to pole.

This missionary hymn does not need revlsIOn. It needs reiteration and revival. Mrica and India and we ourselves still need the old Gospel.

Untouchables by Whom

Touch India* By REV. WARREN H. WILSON, D. D., New York Secretary of the International Association of Agricultural )::.. Missions and a Member of the Mass Movement Survey Commission for India I T may be well to state what the mass-move- mands put a severe strain upon the missionaries ment in India is. From about 1880 to 1900 and tested the resources of the missions, which many converts came to the missions in India had not the facilities nor the experience needed from the outcaste or depressed classes. These to train so many illiterate and degraded people.

are of castes below the estima- It was not an attractive.task, tion of Hindus, but within the yet the missionaries have gone Hindu religion, who inherit at In India a population nearly about it bravely, and I am told birth the doing of menial and one-half the population of the t hat three-fourths of the degrading tasks in the villages United States is considered Christians in India are drawn of India. They are untoucha- "untouchable" by the various from this level of Indian socible; and in South India they castes. They are condemned ety.

are unapproachable. S 0 m e by birth to poverty and the The Survey Commission, en- come from aboriginal tribes most menial tasks. The Hin- gaged in the work of prepar- whom the Hindus and Moham- du religion and social system ing information that will be medans have oppressed. They offers them no escape except made available to all missions, sought Christian baptism, in t'hrough death. Christianity visited about two hundred vil- many cases confessedly, be- alone has offered them life lages in selected sample areas.

cause of its justice to the op- and hope. Multitudes have We interviewed about 11500 pressed, and for social and eco- sought this way out. What heads of families, making rec- nomic advantage. ,has been the result? What ords of their economic, social, They were not sought out by are the failures and the suc- educational arid religious expe- the missionaries in any way cesses recorded in Christian riences. There are said to be commensurate to the numbers missions? Dr. Wilson, who forty to sixty millions of these converted. They came of them- has recently returned from depressed classes in India.

selves. Many missionaries are inspecting many of these out- They usually live, at least in still in doubt as to their real caste communities, reports North India, on the hottest'- conversion and are still slow vividly what he has seen and and least desirable margin of to expect anything good from what he considers the next the village, outside the wall, in such wholesale "conversion." steps for their elevation and mud-houses, possess a few bul- The untouchables not only con- christianization. locks or buffaloes, some chick- fessed that they sought mate- ens, pigs and a few tools.

rial and social benefits, but Some of them pOssess a little they also demanded that the missionaries baptize land. All are forth-putting in business and are all the members of their families and all the fam- beginning to accumulate rupees. But their status ilies of their status in their villages. These de- is little changed, so far as we could observe, by reason of their conversion to Christianity. They • An address at the Twelfth Anniversary of the Association of Agri- still have the cleaning of the sewage refuse from the houses, sweeping the streets, carrying mescultural Missions. The Mass-Movement Survey. to assist in which sages and doing other menial services at birth and death, which are accounted unclean. Dr. Wilson was called to India. was one of three systematic studies On the other hand, these outcastes are secure made last year. The report is being prepared by Dr. J. W. Pickett. against hunger. They are paid in clothing and the director of the survey. It will be published by the National Chris- tian Council of India. The Institute of Social and Religious Research . has had much to do with all these studies which are an expression of the critical and intellectual spirit which desires to know the truth and to act upon experience. W. H. W.

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food, and within their social degradation they are The mission colleges are a problem by them- protected by Indian society, as others are pro- selves and their stateis to be found described in the tected who perform an office and fulfill their part. report of the Commission on Higher Education.

Their families are usually small; and in spite of Dr. Lindsay's statement confirms my observation all that has been said in some recent books, few that the colleges are doing nothing extensive for children are born to them. They have found some the untouchables who make up so vast a majority way of adjustment to the over-population of the of the Indian Christians. Medical service shows land that would surprise some. Their families are up better; though here also the larger hospitals just large enough to continue the stock without are used for the most part by the better educated increasing the "pressure on the land." classes, and by the wealthy whose fees and contri- I was surprised at finding these people neither butions help to support them. Agricultural mis- brutalized nor miserable. Their features are like sions come nearer to the depressed classes. The our own. Poor as they are, they show in their larger stations, like that at Allahabad under Dr.

faces none of the bleak and sodden hopelessness Sam Higginbottom, are so costly and thorough in of the British and American paupers. Bitterness their operation that they render a service to the we did not encounter, nor beggary in the villages. wealthy landowners that the poor ryot might These Christians, the first such converts in India, envy; yet they too are helping the poorer farmers.

ask no rice. They feed and clothe themselves; The smaller units in agriculture, such as Slater's and in the better missions they even support their poultry-and-goat enterprise at Etah, and Go- pastors. In a few places they contribute to the heen's farm at Sangli, come nearer to the common support of their village teachers and even to the people. As in medical service the great hospitals salaries of their administrators. Their women justify the existence of the smaller dispensaries, are subordinated; but working in the fields as so in agriculture the larger units teach and digni- they do, and freely going about the mohallas in fy the small. It is different in the case of the col- which are their houses, they exhibit a wholesome leges, which have become isolated from the' mis- and comely vigor. I never witnessed an immod- sionary enterprise.

est act of a woman while I was in India. There remains for the depressed classes only It may be well to mention what the churches the pastorate, with its attendant parochial school. India needs manses and school houses for the are doing in discipline and enrichment of the lives training of the villagers who have come in so of these unwanted Christians. There is one great numbers into the churches. Some missions broad distinction between the American and have not learned this distinction and most of those European missions. The Americans excel in in- which have not so learned are American missions. stitutions, the Europeans in pastorates. The for- The reason is that one I have given, that the mer like something big, whether it is a motor- Americans do not value the pastorate as the Euromechanic-school or a hospital, and theirs it is to peans do. The local parish is an European inhersupply colleges-except in the biggest cities where itance that has been derived from established the colleges are Scotch. The Europeans believe in churches. The governments of Europe generally the resident minister and teacher; they count not established parsons in villages and open country themselves to have arrived until there is a pastor places as representatives of government, and the living in the village, with a catechist near at Free churches that have derived their forms from hand, bringing to the problem the reinforcement that establishment carryon the same tradition. of personal influence to complete that of the The result seems to be that our American religispoken word. The root of this difference may be ous groups have, as a rule, a poorer record in servin the greater satisfaction the Europeans seem to ing the poor, and the Europeans do better in this have in the worship of God; and the greater be- respect. The only agency we discovered in India lief on the part of Americans in something utili- doing satisfactory work for the untouchables was tarian. European missions usually organize a village resident pastorate, reinforced by a their work about a church, and the American teacher who was also a village resident. about a station composed of school, dispensary, mission bungalows and church. The Europeans go to the village as the goal; Americans progress The Bishop of Dornakal, an Indian of the An- as far as a mission-station and send their or- glican Church, claims that in his diocese there are dained Indian ministers into the villages, to re- a thousand villages in which there is worship of turn home at night to the compound. There are God every night. What we saw supports the exceptions-notably the American United Pres- statement. The London Congregationalists in byterians who are promoting village pastorates; Travancore maintain resident village pastors and but this statement covers the work which I saw teachers, supported by their people in the village in traveling 22,000 miles in India. in which they live. This mission will not ordain

THE UNTOUCHABLES BY WHOM WE TOUCH INDIA

any minister until he has a village church that will be financially supported by the government."

support him. Meantime, although the British Government has The best example of this type of work we en- been wisely attentive to the needs of the people countered was at Govindpur in the Ranchi Dis- on the land, it has made efforts to develop such in- trict, where an Aboriginal Tribe, persecuted and dustries, and in these efforts has almost impover- exploited for centuries by Hindus, has been evan- ished the village artisan. Yet the Indian work- gelized, in the first instance by German Lutherans. man prefers his village and his bench, and his Their converts still wear the scanty garb without work in steel or leather, silver or gold, alongside hats, without shoes, and except on Sundays, the the village bazaar, rather than to live in a city men and most of the women wear no garments and to work in a factory. So far as artisans sur- above the waist. They support their pastors and vive in the Indian villages, they represent the cre- help to sustain village catechists as well as their ative artistic passion, which in India is as old as president and secretary. For it is an autonomous civilization, in a fight against the industrial ten- church. dencies of Great Britain and in competition with "The Pressure on the Land" the westernized mind of educated India.

The one fact which explains most completely The one impression therefore that I bring you the situation in India is called "the pressure of from India is of the vast agricultural people, not the people on the land." India is an area of moun- in our sense reluctantly tilling the soil until they tain, desert and fertile river valley about the size can get a white collar job or a wage in some city, of Europe without Russia, or about the size of our but contentedly and passively preferring the vil- Mississippi Valley with New England added. It lage in the face of all westernizing influences and is populated by two and one-half times as many every seeming advantage. Most visitors to India people as live in the United States and in sixty do not realize that it is an agricultural country, years the population has increased by 45.6%. and few are confronted with the agrarian passion These people are rural, dwelling in over 500,000 of the people. This is my testimony, living as I villages-nobody knows how many-some of them did in the villages of India, that their appetite for going to the few great cities for a job, but most the soil and for their labor in the fields is a pasof them coming home to live in the village. The sion for which we have no language in our West- Indian is not persuaded of the advantages of city ern vocabulary of emotion. We have assumed that life. He loves the village and the little town. I all kinds of people desire to be industrialized. Inam told that two-thirds of the population of Cal- dia is a denial of this assumption, and until our cutta and Bombay are transients and only five social wisdom is better, and our social vocabulary and one-half per cent of the whole population of is larger, we will not be able to express to our- India is industrialized. The powerful influence selves the agricultural appetite of the 351 million and example of Great Britain has made America people of India.

an industrial nation willing to see her farms aban- Now the people of India have their methods of doned and helpless at the sight of agriculture im- rationing this population. The first of these poverished. But England's example has not methods is caste. We have heard of caste on other changed the agricultural preference of India. In occasions. It is abhorrent to our Western minds. spite of tariffs and tax adjustments, made during Let me present caste as a method of living on the 100 years by the British Government in the inter- land and a method of rationing dwellers on the est of the factories of England and later in the in- land. Caste is the organization of society by terest of the factories of Bombay, Ahmedabad, which they all get food. Let no American or and Calcutta, the peasant of India works for European scorn these methods of organization wages reluctantly and soon returns to his village until he has pondered the fact that there is no and his home. He prefers to drive his ox rather breadline in India, though there are bad times there. There is no poorhouse, no almshouse, no than be driven by a foreman. soup kitchen, except when famine comes, and no Strange to say, even the efforts of government general method of treatment of the ailing by asy- lums. But the poor and the hungry live the family cannot establish many industries in India. Mr. life and live it at home, and they do not starve, Garratt in "An Indian Commentary" tells the story of the Tatanagar Works at Jamshedpur which were located at a point favorable for the se- except in times of general catastrophes or calamicuring of raw materials. They have the vast labor ties.

supplies of India at their disposal. The govern- The second method is the joint-family system ment has favored them in tariffs and bounties and by which when a man, who goes to the city for a by the purchase of their product. But after job, is out of a job, he can come home and live with twenty years the Tatanagar Works "still needs to his family; and that family is organized after a

manner of which we are incapable. Grandparents, traders, brokers and speculators, by any system of and parents, and children live together. The sons' direct exchange, we could make it possible for our wives are under the dominion of the grandmother land to support a much greater population with- and the children hardly know which is their own out the scandal of unemployment.

mother among the parents of the household, eat- Debt and the Poor Man ing as they do of the rice that is cooked on the Moreover the debt situation in India which is one fire and living on the one estate. All I have to so generally deplored should, I believe, be looked say about that system is that it works. at from the poor man's point of view. The In- The third method of life in India that helps the dian peasant who borrows must not be regarded as a sheer fool. The money lenders are not the people to have their food is the village system by which caste and the joint-family are permitted to only cunning men in India. The peasant who bor- rows has often no intention of repaying until he organize the vast multitudes of India in their re- is compelled. He is the only man in India who lation to the soil with mutual production. Not gets prompt service under the inflexible and rigid in any spirit of benevolence, but by tradition, the people live together in these villages. They are described as "a human organization whose pur- credit system of that country. His wants are atpose is the exploitation of the soil, with a view to tended to. He gets money when he needs it. He pays it back when he is compelled. It is true that ensuring a livelihood for the community." since the Indian peasant is a bad risk he pays a A System Akin to Slavery high rate of interest. The principal comes back I found in India also certain modifications of to the lender in the form of excessive interest.

the economic liberty of the individual which were But it seems to me that we should look upon it abhorrent to missionaries and officials. They seem from the point of view of the Indian peasant, and to be, and they are, forms like unto slavery. I not of the American economist or reformer.

mention them only because they seem to be meth- Mr. Gandhi has said that "when you think of ods by which the population is rationed. The the poor you should think with a poor man's "Kamia System" prevails in parts of India. Un- mind." I have attempted therefore to mention der this system a man can sell himself to a credi- those methods of Indian village life which seem tor who loans him even a small amount of money, to me to be adjustments to the pressure of the and the debt may be continued even into his son's people on the land. They have a certain use, at life in the next generation, while the debtor is put least in rationing the population and distributing in a servile relation to the creditor. The courts to each one those essentials of life which are need- have been unable to extinguish this system of ed by us all, namely, food, shelter, and clothing.

near-slavery. I mention it only because its pur- Having these the Indian peasant is all too content.

pose is to secure bread and shelter; since it works It is a cause of grief to the European observer and continues, it should first be inspected before that he does not seem to desire to increase his the attempt is made to abolish it. standard of living.

In the Ganges Valley we found the "Jajmani This system was of interest to me because of System" by which certain families of outcastes, or its efficiency in distribution of the products of the untouchables, were subjected to other families soil among a vast and steadily increasing popula- more respectable and elevated. But by this sys- tion, upon a soil that can be increased only within tem these untouchable families are fed, housed narrow limits.

and clothed. For all its subordination and its like- The Government of India is a government that ness to serfdom, it is a social relation that has a considers the poor. Being ourselves a young coun- money value, and the untouchable family can sell try we in America have not risen to that height.

fora price the right to serve their superiors. Fur- Our government considers the well-to-do, or at thermore, we discovered that those untouchable least the upper middle class. Its economic doc- and depressed outclassed households were by this trine is the preservation of prosperity. Not so method protected against want and hunger. the Government of India. Machinery has been Throughout India we also found that the people perfected by that government, through a century of the villages are protected against the encroach- and a half of experimentation, to a perfection that ments of the trader class by a system of local in this century has practically abolished famine markets. In the Ranchi District these markets and has greatly reduced the death rate by certain are out under the trees near the village, and to diseases. The increase in the population of India them the villagers walk, carrying their products is partly a result of these activities I am about to from one to five miles, trading with one another describe. Briefly speaking, the government's pol- without the intervention of a merchant class. If icy of farm relief is a response to the reports made we in America could eliminate the middleman, by every District Magistrate to his superiors.

THE UNTOUCHABLES BY WHOM WE TOUCH INDIA

When these reports give notice of scarcity in a we do not know about. For years John Goheen section described, the attention of the whole gov- has been the president of his mission at Sangli ernment is turned in that direction. If later the and you never hear of him. The work of E. E.

responsible officer, that is, the collector in that dis- Slater at Etah is mainly bestowed upon the devel- trict, reports want, then a technical ministry of opment of poultry, and now of goats, for the im- the government proceeds to lighten taxation, mak- provement of the diet of the villagers in the Gan- ing a particular kind of loan, alert to prevent what ges Valley. You have probably never heard of may follow. Slater's work, but he also has been for years the If famine follows, the third descent toward hun- president of his mission. Now the Government ger, the Government acts at once; a state of fam- has approved of a grant for an enterprise of his ine is declared, the Government suspends taxes, that will set him forward for five years in his plans releases people from other obligations, issues loans for the physical and economic prosperity of these where necessary, and Jllldertakes to employ and to villages. I could speak at length about these agri- feed the population in the territory described. cultural enterprises which I have seen and of Famine used to be the gaunt spectre of India, ac- which I have heard. The passion for the land companying war and disease. Thus it desolated among the Indian peasantry makes agricultural the land and kept the population down. Now al- missions easy, so that it is no exaggeration to say though by the nature of the country and the im- that the teaching of agriculture in India is better mensity of the population there is famine some- than it is in America.

where every year, the range of it is limited, and India is a land in which prosperity is evident. its effects upon the people are forestalled by a wise It is not the prosperity of lip-stick, silk stockings, Government. India is a land in which not only radios and automobiles that are "put across" by is the instinctive and traditional life of the people high pressure salesmen. India does not welcome organized for living upon the soil, but also where the salesman of that kind, and does not much dethe attention of the Government is mainly direct- sire the uniform product. But the Indian peasant ed toward the same end. is traveling; the trains are crammed with white- clad and white-turbaned figures. The railroad In that spirit the Government has promoted co- stations are the centers of enthusiastic throngs operative organization for rural credit, and for of trippers. Motor lorries are filled to the roof certain other agricultural processes with some with bright and alert villagers going from place success. I am not one to believe that cooperation to place. The people today dress better, I am told; can be promoted by either a government agency they are buying the manufactured products of Inor by a religious agency as well as by the people dia and of Europe in increasing amounts. They themselves. But one must admit that in India the are lighting their houses with kerosene, and their Government and certain of the missions have had cities and towns in an increasing degree with eleca record of success. Agricultural science, both in tricity. The very unrest of India is evidence, to experiment and in teaching, is an agency of the the social philosopher, of minds released from the Government. Vast irrigation projects have been fear of hunger to yearn after greater liberties. used to extend the arable areas, some of which ex- India prefers prosperity, not as an attainment of ceed the magnitude of the Suez Canal, and one social elevation, but as promise of enjoyment in alone will water an area as great as the irrigated feasts, in clothing, in more abundant food and in area of Egypt. Last of all the Government has travel. The Indians are the original "ultimate attempted by industrialization to elevate the consumers" and their prosperity is evidenced, not standard of living of the people of India.

Some Agricultural Missions in building bigger factories, but in using the goods. The Indian does not attempt to reach a Now I went to India intending to spend my higher level of economic expenditure when money comes to him, but he attempts to enjoy his money spare time in the study of agricultural missions, at once in feasts, garments and in the showy enand found that the great work of Sam Higginbot- joyable experiences of a glad consumer. tom has been more successful than even Sam himself has reported. His enterprise at Allahabad ought to be pictured and celebrated by a more elo- But this prosperity lifts the lid of the kettle quent pen. His success in building soil and creat- of fears and fills the house with the steam of as- ing orchards, and his attainment in teaching agri- piration. To change the figure a little, it opens culture, are far beyond anything we have real- the throttle of the boiler and permits the steam ized. An Englishman, well informed, once said to power to go out to the engineering of all human me that Sam Higginbottom is the greatest mis- dreams. India has always been a land of abstrac- sionary in India. But I was even more interested tions and aspirations, expressed in schemes and in other agricultural projects of a modest sort that idealized performance. Now with just enough

prosperity, widely distributed among the poor, the But the amazing thing I found in our mission people of India want what they never wanted be- work is that, in spite of the great number of fore. women missionaries, nothing adequate is done for The first thing they want is justice, equality. the Indian woman as a woman, a wife, a mother No, it is not the first. What the people want first and a citizen. In a few places obstetrical work is of all is land. One is saluted by beggars, not in being done for her in the experience of child- the villages, but in the seaports and at the rail- birth. There is medical work by women for road stations. In villages they did not ask for women which cannot be too highly praised.

money or for bread, but they did many times ask Zenana mission work is organized in sections for land. That is the first aspiration of India. where purdah confines the woman to the house.

Indeed land is the first pledge to justice and equal- But the women of India are not adequately ap- ity. But the lawyers of India and the pedagogues proached as such by the women of America.

are the two largest educated groups. They want Christianity has done much for women in Amer- justice. They have read about European systems ica. The Gospel has been laid hold of by our that match the dreams of the Indian philosopher American women in the past fifty years and be- with reality. They have a hunger for equality cause of its teachings great organizations have which the peasants express in saying "give us been formed in our American churches, the most land." The townsmen and the lawyers, and the powerful, the most administrative and the most college professor express it in saying, "give us enjoyable, by which women do missionary work independence, Dominion status or freedom from at home and abroad. It is a great feminist or- England." ganization, but none of it gets into the experience What India Wants of our missionaries abroad. The first satisfaction of the hunger of India will, I think, be a move- But the desires of India are not expressed by ment by American women to advance the mind her lawyers or her pedagogues. Their education and spirit of Indian women living in the jointis European and therefore their social hunger is family system so that they may become more in- European. What India wants is what a poor man telligent wives, and mothers, and citizens. desires. If I may interpret the hungers of India from their organization to which they have ad- To this end our own education, and the present hered, from their joint-family system, from the system of education in the Indian schools and colclustering in villages from which they have shown leges are equally unfitted. Some harm is done by no departure, from the tenacity with which they mission schools in so influencing the minds of live in the same section after decades of railroad their young women graduates that they never organization, after a century of good roads, and a marry. A sterilizing operation is performed on century and a half of good government, I would their mind that prevents them from having a say that the hunger of India is first of all for a home or children. What we need is an underhome, a habitat for the joint-family, with land as standing of women by women in terms of the life its basis. The Government's effort to supply In- they must live. The source of it will be found dia's need has been, I suppose, the greatest colon- very largely in our poetry and our fiction, in which ial project in human history. But there is right the woman at home in America and in Western here an unsatisfied want of India which the Gov- Europe has been understood-her fortitude, her ernment can never satisfy. The Indian wants a gentleness and her dynamic power through her home, a family life, a habitat for his joint-family husband, her children and her neighbors. The organization by which he is fed, and housed, and mission to the home in India cannot be accomclothed. The satisfaction of his want will be given plished by those who condescend. It requires the him in the training of the women of India. preparation of women, before they go out from Christian lands, in the history and the nature of Everywhere throughout India the woman is the family life, for which few of our universities are chief expression of the hunger of India. Do not now equipped. think that all the Indian women are either brow- beaten or enslaved. They are wholesome looking The Indian also has hunger for beasts; he loves creatures, showing none of the scars of the de- his ox and his buffalo. He is said to worship the plorable degradation one so often hears about. If cow. I cannot endorse the worship of the cow, she is browbeaten or degraded she does not often but I can justify the feelings of the illiterate who, show it. She is in a subordinate· position, but with his ancestor before him for a thousand years, subordination is universal in the Indian social has lived with his hand on the hairy hide of the life. The women are recognized by all writers as bullock or the grotesque head of the buffalo, and a great obstacle to progress, to justice, and to who thinks of them with religious gratitude. We Christianity. must not lightly turn away from their feelings.

THE UNTOUCHABLES BY WHOM WE TOUCH INDIA

But the greatest hunger of India is to be free of Scripture committed to memory, seemed to me from fears. The Indian peasant wants to stand the best attainment in India.

up and look his fellows in the face. This simple n is a strange thing to read the words of this change of posture is the most complicated thing in Hindu lawyer giving high praise to missionaries the world. I have been reading the story of the of the Cross of Christ, and saying that they Mundas and the Uraons, aboriginal tribes with brought to these persecuted Mundas and Uraons whom I spent the months of March and April last manly independence and moral dignity. That year. They have been persecuted, exploited, seems to me to be the highest tribute to be paid robbed and oppressed by Hindu masters. These the Christian religion as to its ability to satisfy parasites have pursued them out of the Ganges the hunger of a great people. These aboriginal Valley and up into the higher mountain lands, into tribes build no colleges, establish no hospitals; the deep jungles, where the Mundas and Uraons they have provided the people only with the have cleared the soil with unbelievable labor and preaching of the Christian Gospel and the minis- have built their homes. One remote place after try of Christian pastors living in the villages.

another has been conquered by their heroic toil The hunger of India calls for very much that we and now the jungles have been cleared and made cannot give, but the one offering we can make is habitable. For centuries they had no protection acceptable to the very heart of India, namely, except to fly at their oppressors and burn their teaching moral dignity to the women in the homes houses, kill their wives and children, supposing and to the men in the villages. This is a by- that by terror they might secure some release. product of Christian teaching. The purpose of The courts and the laws of the British Govern- the Gospel is to bring men to worship God, but ment when Britain became the ruler of India were this by-product in the present need of India is ineffective, according to Mr. Roy, the lawyer who most precious.

has written the story of the Mundas. But he pays For the satisfaction of the Nationalist spirit of tribute to the Christian missionary who brought India, however, we have much to give. An Indian to these persecuted Mundas and Uraons the Word prince in New York recently asked Americans to of God, lived by resident missionaries, and exem- give India agriculture and medical missions. With plified in the lives of German, English and Bel- the growing spirit of national independence India gian Christian ministers. will accept the education we can give, the agricul- This Hindu writer pays a surprising tribute to ture and the medicine. These the churches are "their conversion-and the consequent growth of eager to convey to the peoples of India, and the manly independence among them." He says: "In growing spirit of India will accept those gifts as Mundari and Uraon villages of the Ranchi Dis- gladly as we give them. But my conviction is, trict, the most careless observer can tell the house after this period of service and observation in of a Christian convert of some year's standing India, that the greatest offering we can give is the from that of his non-Christian fellow tribesmen by resident pastor living with the people. I well the greater cleanliness of the Christian's house know that our American missions differ from the and the general neatness and orderliness of every- European in the low esteem we place upon the thing about it." Elsewhere he asserts that Chris- work of the ordained Christian minister. Ameri- tian missions have given, what British laws and cans delight to see a vast hospital with the Cross courts could not furnish, namely, moral dignity to over its door. Europeans are not so sure that re- the oppressed folk. Among the Mundas and ligion can express itself as well in a hospital as in Uraons the Germans have maintained no hospi- a house of worship. Americans delight in a so- tals. Their leaders deplore their lack of a college called Christian college. Europeans probably for the higher education of leaders, being, I sup- have long distrusted the connection between the pose, unaware that the Christian colleges fail to Christian religion and secular education. We are educate the children of villagers. But they have only beginning to feel that distrust. But the Euro- pastors living in villages where their churches pean carries his interest in religion clear through are located, and catechists in the villages in which to its expression in the congregation and the pastheir people live. In this they are like the other tor. They believe in bishops who are also pastors European missions I have mentioned. In this at l.arge. But religion is adequately expressed penetration to the villages with the Gospel, not to an European only in the congregation and only spoken, but lived, by trained and ordained the pastor. All our mission work ought to be men, they exemplify the highest attainment of the reorganized so that the offerings of America Christian Gospel, among an oppressed and ex- should be in· proper balance, and the center of equilibrium must be the pastor living with his ploited people. Their services of worship, elabor- people. And we should send women trained for . ate in ritual, noble in music, and abundant in use teaching the home-dwelling woman in villages. By the REV. J. HARRY COTTON, D. D., Columbus, Ohio Joseph Cook Lecturer on India for 1931·32 M y present visit to India has made increas- gelism. They especially attack the use of hospi- ingly clear to me the fact that Christian- tals and educational services as opportunities to ity can make no peace with Hinduism. win disciples to Jesus Christ. It is possible that No honest visitor can deny the excellent things in there have been breaches of good taste in the Hindu philosophy and practice. :6ut we went to matter of trying to convert sick people. But it is Benares. There we saw the crudity, the filth, the as true that the fundamental reason for all this superstition and the pathos of Indian faith. The opposition to proselytism is the fear that the golden temple, the most sacred temple of Benares, Christians are growing too rapidly in numbers was crowded with visitors coming from the for the comfort of Hinduism. Part of this fear is Ganges where they had bathed .and prepared to political as in the case of the Hindu Mahasahba.

make their offerings. Within the temple was no This organization is pledged to win back to Hin- image of any god, but only the phallic symbol, duism as many of its former adherents as pos- so constantly seen in Indian temples. sible, simply to strengthen the Hindu political A few days later we sat on the steps of a clean, position. Tremendous pressure was brought chaste little temple on the banks of one of the against Christians during this past census to get rivers into which the Ganges breaks up before it them to declare themselves Hindus, whatever pours itself into the Bay of Bengal. We sat, their belief.

watching the river flow by, and talked for two A great center of missionary work that we hours with a monk of the Ramakrishna mission were privileged to visit is Allahabad. It is one on the things of the spirit. I was impressed by of the holiest cities of India, for it is here that his ideals of oneness with God, peace of spirit the Jumna and the Ganges rivers join. If one is and absence of injury. But when I mentioned to believe the Indian traditions, a third river what I had seen in Benares and told of the multi- comes out of the ground and joins the two. Here tudes who were washing there to have their sins at the great feast, or Mela, in January over a removed, he could take no exception. It was their million pilgrims gather each year and bathe in faith, he said, they could find peace through those the mingling of the waters. Here in the midst rites. In a later incarnation they might be born of Hinduism, the Presbyterian mission is conduct- into higher insight. ing a great work. Across the Jumna River from It is this easy-going acquiescence with things the city is the wonderful Agricultural Institute as they are that so thoroughly condemns Hindu- of Dr. Bam Higginbottom. Here the Christian ism. With this attitude the Gospel of Christ, Gospel seeks to bring to India the abundant life.

with its urgent Gospel of redemption, can make Here are experiments in cattle-breeding, with milk no peace. carefully weighed and tested for each separate On the other hand I have been impressed with cow, food weighed and varied in experiment, the the eager reception that students give to the whole thing done most scientifically. Here are Christian message in India. In Lahore I was in- two agricultural schools, one for men of college vited by the principal to speak in the Sanatan standing, doing advanced and scientific work, and Dharma College one noon. The classes were dis- one for young men from the mass movement missed and over 400 students gathered under the areas who, lacking education, are yet permitted trees. Here they sat on the ground or stood and to learn by practice the principle of sound farm- listened for almost an hour to a lecture on Chris- ing.

tian faith. And this is one of the most orthodox If the Indian village can be put on a sounder of Hindu colleges. economic basis and the frightful poverty allevi- It is equally true that many Hindu thinkers and ated, even in a slight way, it will be the first step leaders are today opposing what they call prose- to advance along many lines cultural, sanitary lytism and what the Christian church calls evan- and domestic, as well as religious.

[226]

Christ's Method of

..:( By DR. SAM HIGGINBOTTOM Allahabad. India T o the thoughtful, devout Christian who is the world and preach the Gospel to every creature seeking to know and to do God's will in … cast out demons … and lay hands on the spreading the good news of Salvation sick." (Mark 16 :15-18.) According to Matththrough Jesus Christ, our Lord, there arise ques- ew's record He sent forth His disciples to "teach tionings. The progress of winning the world to all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Christ seems very slow. There is so much ef- Father, and of the Son and the Holy Ghost, teachfort and with so little apparent result. Chris- ing them to observe all things whatsoever I have tians do not question the adequacy of the Lord commanded you." (Matthew 28 :19-20.) Jesus to save to the uttermost all who come to Him in faith. They believe that the power is We are on safe ground, therefore, when we there; why then can we not more completely ex- urge preaching as an important and essential perience that in carrying that saving knowledge method in the spreading of the Gospel. But is to every creature'? preaching alone sufficient'? May we expect the world to come to a saving knowledge of the Lord In all cases of doubt and questionings our re- Jesus through preaching alone? sort is to the Word of God. Let us then, in all reverence, see what light His Word will throw I believe that the Lord Jesus sets forth that on these questions that may help us in our great more than preaching is necessary. The Gospel, task. We assume that those who bear the ves- as revealed by its Author, has three forms of acsels of the Lord are clean, that they have experi- tivity, all of which He used. They are like a enced the new birth, that they are consecrated, rope with three strands-Preaching, Healing, that they purpose to do the will of God as they Teaching. understand it. To PREACH is to proclaim as a herald, to trum- Is the method that we use today to spread the pet, to inspire to action. Gospel the same that our Lord gave us, both by specific command and by example'? Do we put To HEAL means to restore to health, both body the emphasis where He put it'? Do we preserve and mind; to cure disease, both of body and mind; the balance between the different ways of spread- to make whole or healthy; to cast out evil ing the Gospel that He exemplified in His own spirits. ministry? To TEACH means to instruct, to cause to learn. Jesus Christ announced His program for His There is in teaching the idea of repetition, of conown ministry in the synagogue at Nazareth tinuing till the truth be grasped by the learner. (Luke 4 :18-19). "The Spirit of the Lord is upon me because he hath anointed me to preach The Gospels clearly distinguish between the Gospel to the poor; He hath sent me to heal preaching and teaching and healing. We do well the broken hearted, to preach deliverance to the to follow the lead of the Gospels. "Jesus began captives and recovering of sight to the blind, to to preach." (Matt. 4:17.) "Jesus went about set at liberty them that are bruised, to preach all Galilee teaching in their synagogues and the acceptable year of the Lord." preaching the Gospel of the Kingdom, and heal- ing all manner of sickness and all manner of dis- Preaching takes first place in this program; ease among the people." (Matt. 4 :23 and 9 :35.) but not to the exclusion of healing the affiicted and delivering the oppressed. We note that The word preach and its derivatives is used Jesus spent much of his time in preaching. thirty-one times in the Gospels. Christ gave the (Matt. 4:17; Matt. 11:1; Mark 1:38.) command to preach always in conjunction with coordinate commands to heal and to teach. He Jesus himself preached and he appointed and preached, He healed, He taught, as a harmonious sent forth His disciples to preach, and also gave blending. It is unthinkable that He would spend them power to heal the sick, and to cast out de- this time doing the less important-when the mons. (Mark 3 :14-115; Matt. 10 :7, 8.) more important was to be done.

Our Lord's final word to His disciples after His The word ·"teach" and its derivatives is used crucifixion and resurrection was to "go into all forty times in the Gospels.

Our Lord was fully occupied with praying prec- edent to preaching, teaching, healing and attend- [227]

ing weddings, dinners, funerals and other social ample, not only of our Lord, but of the most suc- functions. cessful foreign missionary the Church has ever When Jesus was on earth there were in the known? We have no record that our Lord Jesus synagogue regular religious services for worship ever rescinded or abrogated His commands to daily as well as on the Sabbath, and there was in preach, to heal, to teach what He taught.

addition a day school held in the synagogue. This If this is true, then by what authority do we was where Jesus received His secular education. neglect them? Should we not obey Him fully?

His love for the children was probably fostered In December, 1903, I attended a Christian Stuby contact with them in these schools. dents' Conference at Etawah at which was a num- ber of recent Indian converts. I asked each one Jesus was evidently a good speaker, enunciated privately what it was in Dr. John Mott's mesclearly, did not speak too fast, and properly modulated His voice so that all could hear. sage that has caused him to take another stand. What we call "The Sermon on the Mount," Each one said that Dr. Mott had put the matter as teaching is unsurpassed and unsurpassable; in such a way that they felt it natural to carry unique, as Christ himself is unique. I suppose out their preconceived desire to openly confess that He repeated much of this teaching in the Christ. Some had been secret believers for years synagogues. When He saw the multitudes "as and all had given years to Bible study in mission sheep not having a shepherd He began to teach schools or colleges. During my life in India, I them many things." (Matt. 9 :36 and Mark 6 :34.) nave sought to trace the cause that has led to If the literate Jews in the villages needed to be men's conversion. I have never heard of anyone, taught many things, how much more do the mul- totally ignorant of the Gospel, who has been pertitudes need it in our Indian villages r suaded to accept Jesus Christ as his Lord and Jesus differentiated between preaching and Saviour after hearing it preached once. Con- teaching. He went up into the temple and version has come as the result of study and pon- taught. (Matt. 26:55; John 7:14; 8:2; 18:20; dering.

Mark 8 :31; 9 :31; 12 :35; Luke 19 :47.) "He was I am convinced that Christian schools and colteaching in one of the synagogues on the Sab- leges where non-Christians are taught by spiritbath." (Luke 13 :10.) filled men and women are about the best evan- We see that our Lord by command and exam- gelistic agencies we have. Boys and girls enter ple used preaching, healing, and teaching as es- the mission schools at an impressionable age.

sentials in His Gospel of Salvation. If we com- They watch the lives of their teachers. In the pare our present method with the method of daily Bible study period they can ask questions Jesus have we anything to learn? Should evan- and hear the answers. A careful distinction gelistic workers spend all their time preaching as should be drawn between the ingathering of edu- that term is commonly understood? Should their cated Indians and the ingathering in mass move- training include healing and teaching? Does the ment areas. When the educated men and women emphasiR on preaching to the exclusion of these are converted it means that the Holy Spirit has other two factors lead to the right attitude of persuaded them to accept the Lord Jesus as their mind on the part of the preacher? Does preach- Saviour. They are really born again. In the ing alone tend to develop spiritual pride, self- case of most mass movement converts, baptism righteousness and exclusiveness? Does it lead to does not necessarily mean a true understanding of that ingathering into the Church and the King- its significance or a definite committal to the Lord- dom that we have every right to expect from the ship of Jesus. Usually such converts are dissatis- promises and encouragement and presence of our fied with their position and see a w.ay out through Lord and Saviour among us? Does the preacher baptism. They desire a change but do not un- need these other activities to keep him balanced? derstand what the change involves. They must be The writer of the Acts, which is one of the most taught and built up in faith and character. In vital books of the Bible for us at the present day some missions many years of mass movement in India, says: "The former treatise have I work produces only a small minority of converts made, 0 Theophilus, of all that Jesus began both who are fit for full church membership. I firmly to do and to teach." The last verse of the Acts, believe that the mass movement is of God. The which seems to break right off in the middle of results are unquestionable, but we need to be things, says: "PauL… preaching the King- careful and to analyze the various factors. The dom of God and teachIng those things which con- New Testament lays down the three-fold mission- cern the Lord Jesus Christ, with all confidence, no ary method: preaching, teaching, healing. These man forbidding him." Should we not bring the are coordinate, and we cannot ignore anyone of Acts to a logical conclusion by following the ex- these methods without injury to the cause.

A Christian Missionary to

The Rev. William Mitchell Paden, D. D., of Salt Lake City By the REV. A. J. MONTGOMERY, D. D. ]:..

Board of National Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., Department of Alaska, Indians and Mormons O NE of the great men of the West, a distin- 1912. One of the missionaries present struck a guished missionary to the Mormons, died spark of deep emotion in the hearts of all by re- in Salt Lake City, Utah, September 17, ferring to generous help which Dr. Paden had so 1931, at the ripe age of seventy-seven years. The freely given. As adviser and guide, as friend death of Dr. William M. Paden marks the removal and sympathizer, he is enshrined immortally in of a last link in the chain of distinguished home the hearts of those who knew him.

missionaries of the Roc k y . Many of Dr. Paden's activ- Mountain district. The fame ities led him out into the field and influence of such men as of nation-wide interests. Some the late Bishop Spaulding, Dr. years ago, when the Mormon Thomas C. Iliff, Dr. Wishard hierarchy deemed it advisable and Dr. Martin were not local to make a practical test of the but nation-wide. Such men of strength of the feeling in the the old guard sounded no retreat United States in regardtopolyg- and sought no compromise, but amous marriages, Brigham H.

contended earnestly for the Roberts ran as a candidate for Christian faith amid many dif- representative in Congress. He ficulties. Now the last survivor was openly known as a polyg- of that splendid pioneer group amist, and with Mormon back- has entered into rest. ing was elected. A wave of William M. Paden was en- indignation swept over the na- deared to the missionaries of tion. Protests began to rise the Presbyterian Church and to from coast to coast, and it was those of all the other Protest- evident that the sense of de- ant denominations working in cency of right thinking people Utah. His was a deep and prac- had been outraged. It was Dr.

tical sympathy. He always un- Paden, along with Thomas C.

derstood. He knew their prob- THE REV. WILLIAM M. PADEN, D. D. Iliff and Clarence Thurston lems and the pressure which Brown, who gathered the evi- the Mormon authorities could dence, directed the campaign bring to bear on any particular spot. His mind over the whole nation and organized public was philosophical and analytical, and he could in- sentiment that denied Roberts a seat in Con- terpret the peculiar phenomena to be found in gress. Thus the Mormon hierarchy had its first Utah where Christianity is still a minority reli- experience of the force of the vox populi.

gion. For sixteen years he occupied positions in Later, when Apostle Reed Smoot was elected as his church which demanded close supervision of senator from Utah, again there was a protest the field work, and was brought into intimate con- raised against seating in Congress this high dig- tact with the homes and lives of many missiona- nitary of the Church of the Latter Day Saints.

ries. He was keen and sympathized with their Dr. Paden was called to be the chairman of the burdens in a very practical way and often made Utah Citizens Committee, which framed and it possible for a missionary family to meet a cri- pushed the protest. Though they did not succeed sis, financial or otherwise. in preventing· the seating of Mr. Smoot, neverthe- A memorial service was held for Dr. Paden in less the agitation led to a national disapproval the First Presbyterian Church of Salt Lake City, of the practice of polygamy and caused the presi- where Dr. Paden had been pastor from 1897 to dent of the Mormon Church to abrogate its prac- [229]

tice. After the admission of Utah as a state and Paden rendered was to give an address on Morthe enactment of a federal law against polygamy monism to the young people's classes of the Sunthe approach of Christian missions to Mormonism day school of the University ward of Salt Lake was greatly changed. Dr. Paden's personality en- City. Two classes were consolidated and Dr. Paabled him to bridge the gap between the old and den was given an earnest hearing as he skilfully the new. The technique that was found useful called attention to some of the deficiencies and in the days of Dr. Wishard's pioneering had be- trends of their Mormon religion. come less valuable. New attitudes, new contacts and new approaches were required. Unusual Perhaps the greatest service of this home misqualities of mind and heart are needed to change sionary of the Christian church has been along from methods that have been endeared by use and the lines of cooperative effort. In all Utah and sacrifice to entirely new approaches, yet this in the southern part of Idaho the Mormons prechange was made by Dr. Paden and others. Facts dominate and dominate in every way-politically, have justified the change and evidence is not lack- in business, socially and religiously. Mormonism ing that within "Mormonaria," to use one of Dr. is a clan, with clan thinking, action and move- Paden's whimsical terms, there is now going on a ment. It is impossible to describe adequately the ferment which may in the future be evidenced in solidity of the opposition to the Christian propamost surprising results. ganda. Christianity is a minority religion and for that reason separateness on the part of the No man ever fought the evils of Mormonism various Christian groups would be without exmore effectively than Dr. Paden, and yet he was cuse. A Home Missions Council was organized generally on friendly terms with its leaders. Dr. for Utah and has functioned splendidly. Work- Edward Laird Mills, editor of the Pacific Chris- ers in that state boast that competition has been tian Advocate, in an editorial on Dr. Paden, calls eliminated; allotments of territory have been attention to the fact that on a certain Sunday made and accepted, and an interdenominational morning in the fall of 1916 Hon. Brigham Roberts, Christian workers' conference is held periodically. Dr. Paden and himself sat down together at break- Nowhere can a better cooperative spirit be found fast in Richfield, Utah. No one would ever have among religious bodies. In all this Dr. Paden guessed that two of the men had been opponents wrought valiantly with the purpose of presenting in a bitter struggle. One of the last services Dr. a united and loyal front for Christian advance.

The Po-wer of India's Women By E. MARIE HOLMES Gauhati, Assam, Principal of the Girls' Boarding School, American Bat>tist Mission W OMAN anywhere is baffling, elusive; the Rajput Rani Padmani, Queen-mother of twelve Orient is always secretive, mystical. So an sons, outwitting Allah-ud-din, and effecting her Indian woman is a double conundrum. husband's rescue. Who can read the mind of the woman whose dress screens her face from one's gaze? Who can know There are also the unnamed and unnumbered the heart of one whose customs are curtains of women of Chitore, each dressed in her wedding concealments? For a score of years I have counted gown, and each holding her children by the hand, Indian women among my friends, but today I am as she calmly walks into the flames of Johar-the not so sure, as I was fifteen years ago, that I have even a slight understanding of my Indian sister. death of honor-while her husband goes forth to She so often fails to react as I expect. She is sell his life at a high price, so that when Allahalways surprising me. As I read history I marvel ud-din enters Chitore it is a smouldering city of at the brilliant chapters written by veiled women the dead. who courted seclusion. As I read the signs of the times, I am amazed at the power of soft voices There is Razia Begum, daughter of Altamishspeaking from the folds of concealing draperies. declared by her father to be worth more than a score of sons-sitting on the throne of Delhi by Foremost in any review of Indian women is the the nearly unanimous vote of the nobles.

There is Isa Begum, bestowed upon one of the chief officers of the man who had defeated her

THE POWER OF INDIA'S WOMEN

husband in battle, locking her new master in her the villages married women were not allowed to room, bidding her ladies stab him to death and have hypodermics for Kala-azhar, because this throw him from the window, while she sends word kept them away from the work of the house and to her husband's conqueror: "I am the wife of field too long. When I protested that even wives Yunas. Contrary to law, you gave me to another would die of Kala-azhar if they did not take the man, so I slew him. Come and slay me if you prescribed injections, this girl (herself a young choose." wife who had not been allowed to finish the treat- ments) said, "When one wife dies, it is very easy There is Mahum, beloved wife of Babar, to to get another." This will not continue to be the greet whom the Emperor runs barefoot, bare- case when the women, who have so recently taken headed, six miles out from Agra, coming back to public platforms, extend their mission to the over the dusty road walking alongside the royal village. chair and holding Mahum's hand. The growth of the spirit of nationalism has There is Nurjahan, the bride for whom Jehangir opened a new world for the women of India. They waited fourteen and six years, becoming the are grasping their new opportunities with the old power behind the Mogul thron€. spirit of abandonment and self-sacrifice. This is the human material from which the Spirit of God There is Mumtaj Mahal, the mother of thirteen is calling forth a church of Christ in India. It is of Shah Jahan's children, and the refining influ- from this heritage of loyalty, bravery, constancy ence in his life, the inspiration for the Taj Maha!. and devotion that already the Christian Church in India boasts an honor roll of such women as There is Kisen Kumari, the beautiful virgin Chandra Lila and Pandita Ramabai, Lilevati 'Singh Rajput Princess of the nineteenth century, who to and Lakshmi Goreh. end the civil strife caused by rival chiefs demanding her in marriage, stands unflinching to receive Not unlike Sadhu Sundar Singh's testimony the steel of her brother's dagger. When his cour- concerning his mother's influence is the tribute age fails and the dagger falls to the floor, she which Isahoc K. Marak gave his mother at our holds three draughts of poison to her lips with recent Gauhati Bible Class. He said: "My mother steady hand. When these fail to act, she requests must have been a very religious woman. Although a deadly dose of opium, and lays her down to she died when I was but a boy, I can remember sleep, knowing that she will never waken. how she prayed with me about many things. The hymns I remember most distinctly are those she These are not poets' tales, but historical annals sang to me when I was a child. She so filled my of the royal women of India. young life with spiritual things, that becoming a Christian seemed as natural as growing in physi- When such women were queens and empresses, cal stature." must not here have been multitudes of women of like spirit among their sUbjects? The Rajput cus- It is in the women that the real strength of tom of Johar, the Hindu suttee, prove that femi- Hinduism lies today. It is the women who cling nine constancy, devotion and intrepidity were not most tenaciously to caste, to purdah, to ceremoconfined to royalty. nies. In Moslem homes it is the women, usually the older women, who watch most vigilantly for What of the Indian womanhood of our day? Is any suggestion of departure from their faith, and it strong and courageous? Does the spirit of hero- who repulse any statement that may be at variism survive? Recent events indicate that it does. ance with accepted Moslem belief. I believe that if the men of Hindu and Moslem households were Regardless of what we may think of picketing to tear down the purdahs of their homes and inand of other non-cooperation activities, we must vite their women out into public life, the women admit that the women of India made a large con- would respond by weaving heavier purdahs and tribution to the success of the movement that has staying more closely behind them. Times without taken India to the foundation. number I have seen zenana women exalt their restrictions under the purdah system, much as a Is Mahatma Gandhi imprisoned? Mrs. Naidu newly betrothed girl parades her diamond ring. succeeds him in command, and Mrs. Gandhi car- But when, if ever, discarding purdah appeals to ries on bravely according to her ability. the women of India as a duty, they will discard it Does R. C. Das fall? His wife steps into the as their own right.

breach. I think of Soniram Borah's quiet little illiterate girl-wife, successfully thwarting her husband's Do lawyers and leaders of men talk of annulling well-laid plans to put his son in a mission boardthe Sardar Act? Women hold mass meetings, and voices that were but recently wont to whisper softly behind purdahs, thunder forth from public platforms, "The Sardar Act .shall stay/" A far cry, that, from the Laws of Manu! It sounds like a voice from another world than that of the Kamrup Indu villager, who told me last week that in

ing school. She had no physical force; she did not not have money, not even egg money (although raise her voice. She used her tongue most effec- they do have eggs of varied grades!) but they tively by not using it at all. For days on end she give what they have-the rice that they help did not speak to her husband nor to anyone else transplant, that they husk and clean, that they in his presence. She did not cook his rice. She cook for the daily meals. With this "rice money"

would not brew his tea. Thus she prevented her they support evangelists and teachers and send son from being sent to a mission school. girls (and boys) to school-not their own boys All over the land there are many sons of India and girls, but children of the community who give who would become professed followers of Jesus promise of becoming leaders. It was the sacrificial Christ were they not the sons and husbands of giving of the women of 'South Kamrup that re- quiet women who will not allow any such depar- sulted in the opening of the Gauhati Boarding ture from their ancestral faith. If India is to be School for Girls. In those days a man was usually won for Jesus Christ, the women of India must chairman of the Woman's Committee, and often first be won for Him. some of the other brethren attended the Woman's The mother of Sadhu Sundar Singh was never Meeting with him when they wanted to influence numbered among the women of the Indian the distribution of the Woman's Fund, but they Church, but his biographer states: "It was his never found the women sleeping nor were they mother, above all, who fostered and guided his easily dissuaded from a course upon which they unique religious bent. Many have marked the had decided. When they determined to help open love that beams on his face whenever he speaks a boarding school for girls, no plea that there was of her." The Sadhu himself said: "The mother's a greater need for village pandits could dissuade bosom is the best theological college in the world. them.

. . . It was the Holy Ghost who made me a Chris- During those first years of contact with our tian, but it was my mother [who died when he was fourteen] who made me a Sadhu." village Christians I was often indignant when I As I consider the place of women in the Indian saw the men of the family wrapped in a blanket Church, I am reminded also of the testimony of woven by the women, while the women sat with the Rev. Romanus Doimari concerning the rapid no warm covering and exposed to the penetratgrowth of the Christian Church among the Kach- ing cold as they nursed their babies.

aries of Mongaldai. He said: But the Gospel is taking deeper root now and It was largely the women who sowed the Gospel seed; good things are more evenly shared. While a it was the women who gathered the harvest. They cast father wrote us a few days ago saying that he away their characteristic testimony and their former fear w:as planning to take his daughter out of school of strangers. Binding their babies on their backs, they after this year, as he did not propose to spend any went in groups to near and far villages, while the women more money educating girls, such an attitude is who could not accompany them remained in the village more typical of the old days than of the present. church praying for the success of those who went. None Many of our Christians now seem quite as interof these messengers could read, but they had memorized ested in educating their daughters as in educating a hymn or two, and they could speak of their new-found strength, joy, and peace. Sometimes they were ridiculed; occasionally they were threatened with beating, which the their sons. This may be due in part to the new women invited by presenting the side of their face and realization of the economical asset of an educated saying "Hit! Hit! It would be sweet to bear a blow for daughter, or it may be due more to the realization Jesus!"

Do you wonder that the Mongaldai Church, that an educated Christian girl can make a large after fifteen years, now numbers over 5,600 bap- contribution to the Christian community.

tized believers? There are still but few women in I do not know what proportion of the 5,000,000 this community who can read their Bibles or their members of the Church of Christ in India are hymnals, but they are greedy for teaching. What women, but I do know that many of the teachers they have received of the Bible has greatly trans- and lady doctors and most of the nurses serving formed their outward appearance as well as their this great nation are drawn from this group of inner attitudes.. The splendid advantage to which Christian women.

they have used the little they have been given is As a nation India is alive to the political power an indication of the potential leadership in this of its womanhood. ~s a church we must be alive group, which training would develop. to the spiritual might of the women of the Indian In our districts in the lower valley the women Church and to the urgency of need of winning the of the Church are the generous givers. They do rest of India's womanhood for Christ.

Ways of

'fested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO INTRODUCING MADAME as I know, I am unique in that your utmost for the extension of field. the Kingdom of God to the utter- MISSIONARY REVIEW most parts of the earth. I am a News Publication, and In view of the paramount im- I give you in a nutshell an ac- I am a giant Bulletin Board portance of the cause involved, count of the big things that are whereon the Women's Home and current retrenchment may well happening on mission fields at Foreign Mission Societies post begin with something less vital home and abroad. the reports of events of greatest than the missionary magazines. import in their special work. Cut out everything in daily diet I am a Book Review. I prebut the food essentials before sent well-written digests of lead- In my Effective Ways of you sacrifice the monthly visits ing books bearing upon the Working, I am a compendium of of THE REVIEW. If you would theme which is my very life. Any the best methods for increasing hearten the church folk to make volumes found in Our Mission- interest in the missionary entheir utmost endeavor to maintain the missionary cause, unim- I deavor 'of the home church. I paired by the economic condi- speak only of outstanding plans tions, get THE REVIEW into new ~'::'~;:Jl:~ tried and proved good in the exhomes as soon as possible. You perience of successful people of can if you convince them of its f—- all Christian denominations the importance and value. One can 11-=—- world over. If you would make hardly conceive of any Christian Ir-~-~ the very best of your church perreading the inspiring articles of sonnel, from pastor to Sunday a single issue and turning to say, ~-==- ~ -=-::: –:– School kindergarten workers, "But I don't take much stock in listen to my counsel and try out missions !" To obtain new sub- —- =– – – ll~:::-~ for yourself what fits your needs scribers, try the following: — — and conditions. -~ A forceful speaker, attired in Now I want to know you all a costume something like the il- ary Bookshelf will be forwarded better. Will you not invite me lustration, is introduced by the to you promptly upon receipt of to call in your homes once a program leader and proceeds their price. I attend to that per- month and show you how to do with her talk, touching the dec- sonally. the most efficient team work orations on her dress as she de- with Jesus Christ in winning scribes the corresponding de- I am the composite voice of the world for the reign of love? partments or features. some of the world's greatest My traveling expenses are only missionary writers and states- $2.50 for a year's regular month- Leader: This is Madame Re- men who contribute articles on ly visits, or 25 cents for a single view, the embodiment of that the dominant themes of the day. call. How many of you are ready peerless publication, THE MIS- to invite me? I assure you I SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. I am a spyglass through can pay my way, in the coin of We have asked her to speak to which you can obtain a World- service. Have I any old friends you frankly of her peTsonality, wide Outlook. Through me you her hopes and her aspirations, may see the near and the far in the audience who can vouch for she is a great personage and events of the missionary cam- for my worth? there is no one like her in all the paign, catching inspiration to do world. (Omit this last query if no subscribers to THE REVIEW are Madame REVIEW: Friends, I in the audience; but should there am fifty-four years old-though be any present, let them rise and I know that I look like a debut- give brief testimony to the value ante. In all those years I have of the publication. In any event, been faithfully giving an interdenominational review of world- immediate efforts should be wide Christian progress. So far made to secure new subscribers, or have at least a single sub- scription in the name of the chairman of the program com- [233]

mittee, or place the magazine in grams on "The Challenge of Mrs. Fred A. Little, of Calthe nearest public library. Don't Change," in the January issue, vary Church, Anaheim, Califorwait for the mood of the audi- in the Garden Series soon to fol- nia, says: "I arrange a poster ence to spend itself.) low this, and in subsequent out- to meet the program situation [Acknowledgment of suggestion for illustra- lines. A dominant purpose is and calculated to force the tive cut, to Mrs. Jessie H. Burr, in Missions Magazine.] necessary to produce a dynamic truths home, as well as to fur- poster. nish a decoration for our church PUBLICITY THROUGH parlor. First I purchased plas- POSTERS Mrs. Dorothy Crockett, in her ter board of the required size Star in the East, tells of "Ac- What about having an attrac- quaintance Posters and Map when trimmed, and framed' it tive poster to advertise mission- Work" for the purpose of im- securely, giving it two coats of ary events? Visualization to in- pressing field and station facts. flat white pajnt. This is used terpret verbalization has estab- "The ability to connect names of on an easel as permanent suplished its worth beyond the need missionaries with the correct port for posters. For my poster for argument. One must be stations and to think of the right backgrounds I use the reverse painstaking and imaginative, buildings when a station is side of white wall paper-two but not necessarily an artist to named, to know: of an unusual lengths and lapped over in the be a successful poster maker. work connected with a certain center. On this I develop my Often a person not gifted as a place-these are quite lacking picture. For instance, a candle speaker or executive may here with most of us." Mrs. Crock- stick as a symbol of service was ett describes field posters whose developed in beautiful colors, find opportunity for service. The materials are not elab- production is assigned to groups the candle portion, including orate or expensive. These may of women and girls in the or- bright flame, being shaped and include colored crayons, inex- ganization. Draw a dim outline pasted in. A lighted candle was pensive water color paints, li- of a country on a cardboard placed at the side of the poster." brary paste, colored papers and sheet two by three feet in size, Our readers will do well to ordinary cardboard, carbon pa- and on this paste pictures from save the following description of Mrs. Little's poster for a New per for tracing, inks of several your missionary magazines. Year's meeting, and try it when tints, lettering pens for shading, On the map of Africa, for in- the appropriate date arrives. marking pencils (including a stance, may be grouped illustra- The title was "Chimes of a New white one to use with dark pa- tions of the sort of work done Year." First may come a New per), a carpenter's pencil with there, or printed matter con- Year's greeting and the unveilits broad graphite to use in vari- cerning this work, with the il- ing of the bells, the latter being ous widths, or notched to make lustrations around the edge as a the poster of the day, which furletters of two or three lines; border. Inscribe neatly at the nishes the suggestions for the samples of wall papers; cutouts bottom a selection of pithy facts. coming year. from fashion magazines, seed catalogues and illustrations On another chart containing Lifting up one loose belI on from advertising pages; various the outline map-say of Japan- the poster sheet, the leader finds Dennison devices; other items place and name the mission sta- underneath, "To hear as little as may be added as need develops. tions, from each of which a possible to the prejudice of A printing outfit with block let- string radiates to a point where others." ters (often to be found among red-bordered labels fasten down children's toys), is useful but all the ends. "At a point out- Under the second she reads, not necessary. Many prefer to side the map previously plotted, "To believe no ill of anyone unc~t out large letters from maga- less absolutely forced to do so." zmes and handbills, pasting fasten the ends of the strings them carefully on the poster to to the board, each being held in Under other bells are, form the text. Your wall paper place by a gummed label which "Always exemplify Christian dealer will give you old sample bears the name of a missionary love" ; books which have a wealth of or missionary family. These labels will appear best arranged "Radiate good will and sun- in a column. . . . Paste a pic- shine" ; "When I am inclined to criti- 4langdascrdapeens,orfloflworearls, leaves, etc. ture of your church in the cen- cize the faults of others, I will catalogue is ter of a chart, draw about it take a good look in the mirror SImply a treasure trove. A lit- ever-widening circles represent- and ask myself, 'What manner tle system in labeling and classi- ing the fields of work for which of person am I'?" fying these materials will great- your church is responsible. In Any other locally or univerly expedite their use. . the ring labeled Home Missions, sally applicable texts may be re- How to Begin paste small pictures of mission- vealed in the ringing of these aries at work in your denomina- chimes, each one being made the Always evolve the poster from tional home fields, while in that topic for a one-minute talk if dethe theme. Note the close rela- labeled Foreign Missionaries, sired. tionship between subject matter assemble pictures of your work- "Christian Americanization and picturization in the pro- ers abroad." Chimes" may appear under the

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

last bell as the theme for the facts for each poster. You may large visiting card bore a green cross in the upper left hand corner, and talk of the service. be sure twice the attention was across it was written: "High Lights in Our Mission- paid to the living groups that "Mrs. A is requested to view with ary Work in the Past Year" is would have been accorded the us the Battalion of Life as It Marches suggested as another topic for pictures; and the participants on Its Crusade of Compassion. Seat discussion. No. 63 is reserved on the reviewing had indelibly impressed upon Thus the whole program, in them the factual things for stand." The December card bore a Christaddition to the initial inspira- which they stood. mas seal (a lighted taper) and the tion, may be developed through words, "Our dear friend, Mrs. B, may the "chimes." "Moving mottoes" furnish an- keep Christmas with the women of other feature-a procession of many lands by sending the light to Animated Posters boys moving slowly across the their darkened homes." platform bearing aloft card- These are even more dynamic board banners inscribed with The January card bore a tiny calthan the pictures. Mrs. Crock- striking missionary sentiments, endar for the month, the date of the ett suggests that at an evening's each boy stopping in the middle meeting being marked in red. The social gathering, attractive per- of the platform to speak very written suggestion was that Mrs. C sons wear posters replete with plainly his own motto, then all might make a New Year's resolution facts, after the style of the ad- the banner-bearers line up fac- to attend the meeting on that date. vertising "s and w i c h man." ing the front in a most forceful Needless to say the facts will re- silent address. These plans, and Another card bore a picture of a ceive more marked attention. others which will suggest them- baby's face and the urgent invitation selves, will not only liven up the for its recipient to bring her daugh- As a variation of her original presentation of missionary pro- ter, granddaughter or niece to the plan, Mrs. Crockett considers grams and increase the attend- party which had been arranged for having women dressed in white ance but will deepen the impres- the Little Light Bearers. wear outline maps of mission A sheaf of wheat painted in the upper left hand corner was the in- signia for an invitation to a Harvest Home Rally in the autumn.

fields in some jaunty way-Ja- sions produced and tend to link An offering box on another card inpan, for instance, being "airily formed the recipient that such and slung from the left shoulder," them up with life. the Philippine Islands suspend- Advertising Through Invitations such a date had been set apart to ed in several sections, etc.; four "Count Your Blessings" (Thank-of- fering meeting).

or five outstanding facts about Happily, the pulpit or calen- MAKING A PARISH each such country being plainly dar announcement of "the usual MISSIONARY-MINDED inscribed on its map. Conscious- missionary meeting" is becomly or unconsciously, guests will ing obsolete. A curiosity-tickling By the REV. G. D. BUSCH forecast of an attractive pro- Pastor of read over the facts as their gram will usually bring the aubearers mingle with the com- dience-providing they have not Grace Lutheran Church pany all evening. Before the been deceived in the past as to Toledo, Ohio gathering disperses, guests are the worthfulness of the goods asked to jot down all the data advertised. The Woman's Mis- [In writing up methods we are they can recall, even the poster sionary Friend, a Methodist inclined to strive for something folk laying aside their adorn- monthly, says: extraordinary and often, alas! ment and writing what they not realizable under average con- A notice to all and sundry may be ditions. The unique value of this have noted upon others. This overlooked, but an invitation is an- contribution by a man who has review might well serve as a other story. It is delivered by mail or evidenced his own qualifications wind-up after a School of Mis- in person to the individual and indi- by serving as a valued member sions. cates that she is expected at the meet- of the Committee on Religious ing. Education in the United Lu- Miss Mary C. Wiley, of Win- theran Synod of Ohio, as dean There were five women striving to of the School of Religious Eduston-Salem, N. C., had an an- increase the attendance of the mis- cation at Lakeside School of Misnual display of "animated pos- sionary meetings. Each was responters" in a Presbyterian church.

Using as patterns certain pic- sible for 25 of the 130 members en- sions, as dean of the Toledo Luture-posters sent out annually rolled. One of the five, availing her- theran Training Sunday School by the Southern Presbyterian self of the opportunity for leadership, Church, a local committee sub- Institute, as well as editor of consented to plan the form of invita- The Toledo Lutheran, is that it tion, make four copies of it-one for stituted real people for the pic- each member of the c.ommittee-who, illustrates the foundation work ture-folk intended to be hung on in turn, should prepare from it the the wall. Every detail of cos- a consecrated, systematic and tume and posture from the mod- number assigned to her. Five days tactful minister can accomplish previous to the meeting all invita- under very adverse conditions.] els was painstakingly worked tions were to be delivered. On that out, the groups thus evolved being used as tableaux while a day the members of the committee, Through a number of circumreader standing at one side gave wherever they might be, united in' stances, a desire on my part to very distinctly the title and praying at the noon hour for God's serve as a foreign missionary blessing on their effort. was not fulfilled and I accepted a call to a parish of 600 souls in The resulting invitations we r e unique and effective. For October a

one of the thriving industrial project of home mission activi- gram proved the most difficult.

cities of the Middle West. The ties, namely, the raising of funds We are just undertaking a pro- combination of Teutonic ances- to purchase and hold land for gram of study and support. But try and membership in a church future expansion. But in the the men have rendered one out- noted for its conservativeness, fall another special season of standing service. Great difficulty backed by a history of twenty- missionary education presented had been experienced in raising five years of parish existence, itself, known in our church as the total church budget, espe- made me realize very early that "inner missions," more widely cially in getting an idea of the a program, not publicly stated, known as social service–the ob- weekly income to be expected.

was necessary to bring about a ligation of Christians to care for Just prior to the beginning of ministry that might earn the their less fortunate brethren. my pastorate, the missionary- Saviour's approval. During these past two years of minded financial secretary ef- The initial problem was that severe distress, this part of any fected a change in the manner of "what to preach." This point well-rounded missionary pro- of presentation. The greatest of attack offered the least oppo- gram has proved one of the best stress was placed upon the be- sition and required the least re- worth while. nevolence budget – "for others" adjustment in the life of the -which included not only miscongregation. Their very tradi- With the preaching program sionary but also educational and tions helped me. Accustomed as out of the way, the next problem merciful work in which the conthey were to a regular routine to study was that of the efforts gregation was interested. Eduof worship known as the Church and attitudes of the organiza- cation in such simple matters as Year, in which the great festival tions within the church. I was the .amount of money given for seasons – A d v e nt, Christmas, fortunate to discover a capable foreign missions and the amount Epiphany, Lent, Easter and Pen- and missionary-minded group of for home, "how little is paid for tecost-were observed, it was a women in my woman's auxiliary, salaries and overhead," coupled comparatively simple matter to in which there was little to do with an appeal to take part in gear my missionary preaching except to show by word and ac- the world program, raised the with it. The Sundays before tion my appreciation and to be- benevolence budget almost one Christmas, known as Advent, in speak their prayers for the work thousand dollars over that of the which the Scripture lessons and of the church. previous years and also made prayers turned their hearts to- the current expense less of a ward the coming of the Christ, The program of religious edu- problem. were used by me to emphasize cation in the Church School had the striking parallel between the endeavored to include some mis- Looking back over four years, heart-hunger of the Graeco- sionary attitudes, but had not there still remain lands to be Roman world and the world to- progressed very far. Three ad- conquered. The preaching proday. The period of Epiphany, vanced steps were taken: (1) gram becomes more balanced. which always has been utilized Envelopes were provided and an The old prejudices and attitudes as a "foreign missionary interest opportunity afforded the chil- of the congregation are slowly time," gave me an extraordinary dren to contribute to the mis- dying and the missionary-mind opportunity to present Jesus as sionary cause. (2) Missionary is winning. I now dream of "the desire of all nations" and to stories and exercises were in- two great steps – one, a school turn the minds of the congrega- cluded in the worship during the meeting on a week-day night for tion to the need of spreading the Church School hour. (3) The the whole congregation in which Gospel. greatest interest-arouser was the this progr,am of missionary- assumption of definite responsi- mindedness is the center, and To handle the problem of bility for two churches and two the other, a group of individuals motivation, the season of Lent schools in our mission in India interested so much in particular proved a God-given opportunity. known as our "parish abroad." phases of the missionary pro- Traditionally it is the period of The interest was maintained by gram as to be willing to support, evangelism, with the need of ac- talks on this parish and by show- financially and otherwise. indicepting Jesus as a personal Sa- ing pictures taken at first hand. vidual projects. It is hoped that shortly we shall viour as the main theme. The have a reel or two of movies. There are, however, some unlocal conditions, however, made The financing of the Church solved problems connected with it necessary to stress the duty of School has been assumed by the the movement and one of these a Christian as a cross-bearer, so congregation and a place in the is how to efficiently follow-up this particular phase of mission- church budget was found for those who, through the camary activity received renewed religious education, thus open- paign, have signified their puremphasis. ing the way for a more intense pose to ally themselves with From Easter to the summer cultivation of the missionary Christianity and the things for season, because of local condi- spirit in the school. which it stands, and to really tions, the mind of the congrega- Due to certain local affiliations, conserve for the future the work tion is occupied with a definite the men's portion in the pro- of the movement.

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Women"s Home and Foreign Bulletin ANNE SEESHOLTZ, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK; COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK; FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA PRAYER AGAINST WAR Uy together with an increasing from the time when it was first o Lord, since first the blood sense of our common blood and presented to the Senate by Presi- destiny, that peace may come dent Harding in 1923 up to its of Abel cried to thee from the on earth at last and thy sun present status in the Senate, the ground that drank it this earth may shed its light rejoicing on follow i n g conclusions were of thine has been defiled with a holy brotherhood of peoples. reached: the blood of man shed by his brother's hand, and the centu- -Walter Rauschenbusch in As the question of the World Court ries sob with the ceaseless hor- "Prayers of the Social Awaken- has been pending in the Senate for ror of war. Ever the pride of ing." nine years, the Seventh Conference on the Cause and Cure of War believes kings and the covetousness of that further postponement of action the strong have driven peaceful SEVENTH CONFERENCE ON thereon cannot be justified. nations to slaughter. Ever the THE CAUSE AND CURE songs of the past and the pomp At this time, while the Disarma- ment Con fer e n c e is meeting in of armies have been used to in- Geneva, the psychological effect of OF WAR the United States adherence to the flame the passions of the people. By Elinor K. Purves Court would be stimulating and help- Our spirit cries out to thee in ful. Continued inaction is certain to revolt against it, and we know The Seventh Conference on be interpreted as a lack of internathat our righteous anger is an- the Cause and Cure of War was tional cooperation which will comswered by thy holy wrath. held in Washington, D. C., Jan- uary 18-21, 1932. This Confer- plicate the work of the Conference. Break thou the spell of the en- ence was composed of 650 dele- Public opinion in this country, chantments that make the na- gates from eleven women's ortions drunk with the lust of bat- ganizations, two of which are affinned by a great majority of the tle and draw them on as willing the Council of Women for Home newspapers, the American Bar Astools of death. Grant us a quiet Missions and the Federation of and steadfast mind when our Woman's Boards of Foreign sociation, the American Federation of own nation clamors for ven- Missions which together had 99 geance or aggression. Strength- delegates. Labor, the United States Chamber of en our sense of justice and re- Commerce, and a great multitude of gard for the equal worth of American citizens represented in such organizations as those composing the Conference on the Cause and Cure of War, supports the World Court wholeheartedly, and this opinion should find sympathetic reflection in senatorial action.

other peoples and races. Grant The theme for the Conference The Declaration of Opinion in to the rulers of nations faith in was "World Paradoxes" and regard to the General Disarmathe possibility of peace through the program included discus- ment Conference, after calling justice, and grant to the com- sions of the economic causes of to remembrance the obligations mon people a new and stern en- war, the Manchurian situation, of the signatories to the Verthusiasm for the cause of peace. the Polish Corridor, and the sailles Treaty in regard to dis- Bless our soldiers and sailors for new Russia as possible threats armament, the similar obligatheir swift obedience and their to the peace machinery set up to tion of the United States in its willingness to answer to the call prevent war; the strengthening separate treaty with Germany, of duty, but inspire them none- of this peace machinery, dis- the promise through Article 8 of the-less with a hatred of war, armament as a means to peace, the Covenant of the League of and may they never for love of and the part which should be Nations in regard to disarmaprivate glory or advancement played by the United States in ment, the work of the Preparaprovoke its coming. May our the movements for the peaceful tory Commission of the League young men still rejoice to die for settlement of international dis- in preparation for the General putes. Conference ctahlleedfoflolorw1i9n3g2~tcaotne­- their country with the valor of The Conference put itself on cluded with their fathers, but teach our age nobler methods of matching our record as in former years in ment: strength and more effe.ctive favor of the adherence of the Therefore, we, the delegates to the ways of giving our life for the United States to the World- Seventh Conference on the Cause and flag. Cure of War, in ·confer.ence assembled Court, and ina Declaration of at Washington, D. C., January 18-21, o thou, strong Father of all Opinion which reviewed the his- 1932, look to the American delegation nations, draw all thy great fam- tory of the World Court Treaty to the first General Disarmament Con- [237]

ference, meeting at Geneva, February DISARMAMENT PETITIONS into the offices of the Council 2, 1932, to insist upon the bold reduc- and the Federation, and when tion of every category of armament By Florence G. Tyler the date of sailing came, the indicated by the report of the Pre- church women had sent in not paratory Commission. On Saturday, February 6, the 60,000 but 140,000. About 5,000 women of the world had a spe- more signatures have been re- The following Resolution was cial part in the Disarmament ceived since then. These petialso adopted: Conference for it was on that tions were sent from the office day that the petitions signed by of the National Committee on Whereas, the Seventh Conference millions of women all over the the Cause and Cure of War with on the Cause and Cure of War, now world were presented, and those those collected by ten 0 the r in session in Washington, has noted who were watching the news- American women's organizawith interest the identic note of the 'papers read with a great thrill tions, in bundles of 12,500 sig- Secretary of State, delivered on Janu- the account of the presentation, natures, to Geneva, and there ary 8, 1932, to the governments of and of Miss Mary Dingman's they were added to the petitions Japan and China; and speech. of the women of France, Eng- land, Holland, Japan, Germany, Whereas, it has noted in particular The National Committee on etc., over 8,000,000 in all, and the declaration that the United the Cause and Cure of War set Miss Dingman made the presen- States does not "intend to recognize out to secure the signatures of any situation, treaty or agreement 1,000,000 women of the United tation speech to the Disarmawhich may be brought about by States of America to the peti- ment Conference. As Chairman means contrary to the covenants and tion to the International Dis- of the Disarmament Committee, obligations of the Pact of Paris of armament Conference being she represented the fifteen in- August 27, 1928, to which treaty both held at Geneva, which read as ternational organizations hav- China and Japan, as well as the follows: ing headquarters in Geneva United States are parties,"

Therefore, Be It Resolved, that this Conference express to the Secretary of State its appreciation of this farreaching interpretation of the Pact of Paris, so that it acquilles increased effectiveness as an instrument for en- We, the undersigned women of the with branches in fifty-six counsuring reliance upon pacific means United States, hereby petition the In- tries and a combined memberrather than upon measures of war ternational Disarmament Conference ship of 45,000,000 women. for the settlement of international to gratify the expectations and hopes disputes. of the world by putting into im- The petitions, coming from The Conference prepared the mediate and unhesitating effect the many lands, were accompanied following objectives for its pledges already made for the reduc- by delegations of women from member organizations for the tion of national armaments. those lands, and following Miss year 1932, suggesting that they Dingman's presentation speech, take some action in regard to The Allies and Associates pledged these women delegates formed them: world disarmament to their adver- in a long line and advanced one saries; the Covenant of the League by one, toward the tribune's 1. That the Disarmament Confer- of Nations promised it; great nations table where two secretaries reence take first place in the programs have solemnly agreed that interna- ceived from them their bundles on International Relations of all the tional disputes shall be settled by of signatures. The American pemember organizations so long as the peaceful methods without resort to titions were bound with red, Conference remains in session, and war; and, lastly, through the Briand- white, and blue bands, and each that resolutions and opinions in re- Kellogg Pact, war has been re- bundle of 12,500 signatures bore gard to it be registered with the De- the name of the organization partment of State and the Disarma- nounced. which collected them. Within a ment Committee of Women's Inter- Clearly, the next step is the bold few minutes the table on which national Organizations in Geneva. the packages were piled was full reduction of every variety of arma- to overflowing. The secretaries 2. That there be continued an in- ment. To do less would violate treaty began filling big baskets from sistent demand for the ratification of obligations, awaken suspicion and inthe WorId Court Protocols. cite fresh war talk. 3. That increased and sustained The assurances of peace will becooperation of the United States with come invincible when the reduction of armament for which we plead has been secured. Wars will cease when governments so resolve.

the League of Nations be advocated. An allotment of 60,000 sig- the overflow, while outside in 4. That compulsory military train- natures was made to the church women to be secured through the corridors hundreds of other ing be opposed. packages, too heavy to be car- It was also proposed that the the offices of the Council of ried, were piled high against member organizations f 0 c u s Women for Home Missions and the wall.

their attention on, and make a the Federation of Woman's Many 0 the r organizations study of, the economic roots of Boards of Foreign Missions of were represented and many international disputes, the new North America. In some of the other speeches were made. The implications of neutrality under denominations an effort was most impressive of these was the Paris Pact, the treaty mak- made to reach the "last society made by James Frederick Green ing powers of the Senate, the in the last church." Some of Kansas City, a student of recognition of the United States groups took it very seriously, Yale University speaking for of Russia, the question of the re- and some groups not so serious- the Intercollegiate Disarmament vision of the war debts, and the ly. But for weeks previous to Council of the United States, January 1 the petitions poured who said in part: American assets for peace.

WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULETIN

Behind your deliberations stands sented the Council at the eighth the governments to the General staring down on us the spectre of quinquennial meeting of the In- Disarmament Conference. Mme. death. Other speakers have much Paradowska-Szelagowska is a at stake, but we have even more, for ternational Council of Women member of the Peace and League we are literally fighting for our lives. in Vienna in May, 1930. Miss of Nations Commission and of It is our generation who will be re- Kydd might be termed "the the Alliance of Women for Suf- quested to destroy the best of human Prime Minister" of the women's frage and Equal Citizenship. culture, perhaps civilization itself, organizations in Canada. She has taken an active part in for causes which future historians the pacifist movement in Poland. will discover were erroneous. Dr. (Madame) Pauline Luisi is one of the most prominent Dr. Mary Emma Woolley is In every club and fraternity house figures of the Feminist Move- President of the American Asin England and America, we never ment of South America, and the sociation of University Women cease to ask, "Were these 10,000,000 first woman to be sent officially and a member of the National young men who loved life as whole- to the League of Nations by a Board of the Young Women's heartedly as ourselves, victims of an South American government. illusion when they fell on the world's Mme. Luisi, who was the first Christian Associations. She battlefields, fourteen years ago?" woman of her country to obtain has been for thirty-one years a doctor's degree, has given President of Mount Holyoke We remain unconvinced as to the many years of her life to medi- College for Women and is known wisdom of our predecessors. Were- cal research and was appointed as one of the foremost women spect the noble dead, but we question head of the clinic at the Medical educators in the United States. the judgment of those who sent them Faculty of Montevideo. She Her college is outstanding for to their deaths. Organized slaughter then gave herself up entirely to dis c u ssions of international does not settle a dispute, it merely the Feminist Movement of Uru- questions and for freedom of silences an argument. guay and to the protection of thought. Dr. Woolley is also a women and children. She was member of the American Society The Disarmament Conference delegated by the Government of for Judicial Settlement of Interis still in session. The reiterat- Uruguay to the League of Na- national Disputes, the League ed request of millions upon mil- tions to represent her country at for Permanent Peace Through lions for reduction of arma- the Consultative Commission for ments cannot fail to have made the protection of children and the Churches, and the Institute an impression, but church wom- young people, and is a member of International Education. She en must continue to work and to has traveled in Japan, China pray for this cause until nations of the International Committee and Manchuria and has attendshall find a way by which they of Experts on the White Slave ed from the beginning the Panmay live together without war Traffic. Mme. Luisi is President Pacific Conferences as a memin a world where Jesus' way of of the Alliance of the Women of ber. life is known and followed by Uruguay, President of Honour all men. and founder of the Uruguay Na- On Friday, February 5, a din- tional Council of Women and of ner was given to the women NOTES FROM GENEVA the Uruguayan-Argentine Abo- delegates to the Disarmament lition Committee, and a member Conference by the Disarmament The five women delegates to of the International Alliance for Com mit tee of International the International Disarmament Suffrage and Equal Citizenship. Women's Organizations. Most Conference at Geneva are Mrs. She was also appointed a dele- of the fifteen organizations con- Corbett Ashby of Great Britain, gate of her government to the stituting the committee were Miss Winnifred Kydd of Can- Fourth International Labor Con- represented. ada, Dr. Pauline Luisi of Uru- ference and to the Congress of guay, Mme. Paradowska-Szela- Social Hygiene in Paris. The dinner was presided over gowska of Poland and Dr. Mary by Madame Ramondt-Hirsch- Emma Woolley of the United Mme. AnnaParadowska-Szela- mann of the Women's Interna- States. gowska is Vice-President of the tional League for Peace and Polish Progressive Women's As- Freedom who, before introduc- Mrs. Corbett Ashby, who took sociation, head of the Interna- ing the delegates, spoke of the a degree at Cambridge, was tional Section and member of symbolic significance of the eight formerly President of the Wom- the General Council of the Women's Liberal Party of Great Bri- en's Association for Social Serv- millions of signatures to the tain and a distinguished leader ice in Poland. She was appoint- peace petitions from men and of the Constitutional Suffragette ed Assistant Delegate in the Pol- Movement. She is President of ish Government's delegation to women all over the world and of the International Alliance of the 12th Assembly of the League the influence they might exer- Women for Suffrage and Equal of Nations and she propounded cise on the Disarmament Con- Citizenship as well as President there in the name of the Polish ference as representing the earnof the British branch of the Government a resolution con- est desire of millions of human same organization. cerning the women's participa- beings to be allowed to live nor- tion in the delegations sent by mal, peaceful lives. Miss Winnifred Kydd, M.A., McGill University, has taken an Dr. Woolley stated her imactive interest in social move- pression of solidarity among the ments. She is a former President of the National Council of women's international organiza- Women of Canada. She repre-

tions in working towards the live we shall not take up arms ficult part of the field, his own comachievement of a great end. against each other." munity.

Miss Kydd said that she had The Prince of Wales, Premier The address was concluded traveled all over Canada and had Bennett and President Hoover by the following challenge to noted with satisfaction the educational value of signing the pe- are to be invited to the dedica- faithfulness: titions, and believed that such education helped to form public tion and the Governors of all All life is an adventure, and if we opinion in all countries, and that states, Premiers of provinces are to interpret Christ today we must the cause of disarmament would and of republics. not fear the risk. Men venture every be g rea t 1y strengthened by day for possibilities only. Cannot the women's work in that respect. An International Peace Picnic Christian take the risk for Christ? will be held at the time of dedi- But risk is only one side of adventure; Mme. Paradowska-Szelagow- cation. no adventure is ever brought to a good ska emphasized the necessity for issue without its prosaic activities. moral disarmament and for an There will probably be a uni- There are pitfalls to escape, heights intensive education of youth to versal broadcast as one of the to climb, dragons to be slain, but there dispel the clouds of hate and International Radio Corpora- are long stretches of fiat, dull road fear which were still a heritage tions has requested the privilege, along which the adventurer must plod. of the great war. and arrangements are being The Christian cannot achieve his ad- made. venture in one long thrill of enthusi- Dr. Luisi also stressed the asm; he must carry it through the great value of educating youth The endowment of $5,000,000 weary miles when he can just drag in pacific aspirations and told of is being raised by popular sub- one foot after another; the last lap is the work being accomplished in scription. The first cash contri- the one that counts; he must press Uruguay, Brazil and Argentine bution from Canada was the on, not only when his enthusiasm in revising the texts of history gift of a school girl in New enables him to mount on wings like books and inculcating the ideas Brunswick, being prize money an eagle, not only when his strength of political arbitration instead is able to run and not be weary, but of war. won by her exhibits at the local most of all when the utmost he can summer fair, her own personal do is to walk and not faint. That is Mrs. Ashby pointed out that donation to the Peace Garden. the way of the adventurer who would the great task of preventing war interpret his Master to the life of belonged to men and women ADVENTURE AND COM- today, in perhaps the hardest spot on alike for the very existence of earth-his own community. the race was at stake. MUNITY WILL YOU BE ONE? A new member has been wel- Dr. Mabel Cartwright, who is comed into the Disarmament "Thy gentleness hath made Committee of Women's Inter- President of the Woman's Auxnational Organizations – Ligue iliary, Ontario Diocese, Church me great," sang the Psalmist. des Femmes Oberigues et His- of England, gave a stirring adpano-Americaines. This organ- dress at the Annual Meeting of On the Peace stamps, issued ization comprises women from the Home Missions Council and all the South American coun- Council of Women for Home by the Council of Women for tries as well as from Spain and Missions at Toronto, on the Home Missions to further the Portugal. theme, "Adventure and Com- munity." Concerning the adven- Eva C 1ark Waid A PEACE GARDEN ture of peace, she spoke as fol- Memorial Fund for W 0 rId Peace, is The United States is joining lows: "the dove of peace" with Canada in the establish- flying over the great ment of an International Peace There is the adventure of peace; wide world. The Garden to be located about peace has become the supreme adven- w hit e bird may thirty miles from the exact geo- ture of our civilization. It ought to see m ineffective graphic center of North Amer- be natural for the Christian to think against battleships and aerial ica. Manitoba and North Da- of men and women as children of our warfare, and yet it rests not kota have each given 1,500 acres Father. The adventure of love is day or night but flies on symmaking a total of 3,000 acres. greater than the adventure of hate; and if the Christian is to make the bolically over the war-cursed This Peace Garden will be adventure of peace today he must do dedicated on July 14, 1932, the it with energy and passion, with a areas. suggested words of the dedica- positive faith in the patience and It will be remembered by the tion being, "To God in His power of God. Every warrior of peace Glory, we two nations speaking is called to a warfare with ignorance many who knew Mrs. Waid that a common language, dedicate and disease, with sin and hatred, with she gave herself wholeheartedthis Garden and pledge our- lust and cruelty, a warfare in our ly to bringing peace among the selves that as long as men shall own community where there are ig- norant ones to be taught, children to nations in our day. be trained and protected, sinners to The goal of the Fund is ten be shown the way of repentance, strangers and lonely ones to be be- thousand dollars to be invested friended, the spirit of unkind, malici- and the interest used annually ous gossip to be cast out by the spirit for the Council's work of Inter- of charity. The social unit is the national Relations. The plan neighborhood, and the adventurer for includes the idea of ten thousand peace must not only pour his prayers women each using a dollar's and support into the machinery of the worth of the Peace stamps to League of Nations, but must work out establish the Eva Clark Waid goodwill towards men in that very dif- Memorial Fun d for World Peace.

INDIA-BURMA The second baptism was that Victory for the

of Haidar Ali, a Mohammedan Movement Among Higher sent by the pastor of the Jullun- The untouchables in India are Castes dur Church. He declared that now demanding permission to it is the purpose of his life to bathe in the Ganges, says the The Telugu country has been enter the theological college and Rev. C. F. Andrews. famous for its mass movement preach the Word of Life in towards Christianity among the Christ to Mohammedans. In the village of Vykom, the lowest castes. In the same area untouchables were forbidden to during the last five years there The third baptism was that of pass through a certain road, has been a notable movement to- a mother and child from a hum- which ran near the temples. wards Christianity among the ble village home. The mother Some determined to defy the rehigher castes. During this pe- had been taught by her husband striction and, with some of riod over 20,000 people from the and by a Presbyterian mission- Gandhi's followers, marched in higher caste Hindu communities ary at Kasur. procession down this road. The have j 0 i ned the Christian orthodox Brahmins came and Church, and every year over 2,- The fourth baptism was that beat them. The rebels against 000 such people continue to ac- of Khan Mohammad, his wife tradition took it without comcept Christ. and baby. plaint, but the next morning they came again, and were again A potent influence in this re- Fully realizing that baptism beaten. After several days of markable movement has been meant persecution and suffering, this procedure the Brahmins the changed life of the outcaste isolation and enmity, these peo- called the police and had the Christians. The coming into the ple still were bold to accept with marchers arrested and sent to church of such large numbers of joy the sign and seal of their prison. Hundreds more conthe higher castes is making new faith in Christ and promised to tinued to come. Finally, the demands on the leadership.· A go forth and bear witness to the Government put a cordon of new type of religious and devo- d eat h and resurrection of police across the road and Gandtionalliterature is needed, and a Christ, no matter what the op- hi's followers stood in front of better educated and equipped position might be among their the cordon, in the attitude of ministry is in demand. If this Mohammedan friends. prayer for twelve hours daily, in movement continues the stigma six-hour shifts. Mr. Andrews usually attached to Christian -Rev. Frank B. Llewellyn, said, "the orthodox Brahmins converts that they are from the Kasur, India. still occasionally beat them, but outcastes will disappear, and they gradually grew ashamed, Christian life and thought will All-India Christian Conference and the villagers loved them begin to be influenced by Indian more and more." culture which is the peculiar pos- The All-India Christian Consession of the middle class Hin- ference, an organization of In- At last, after a year and four dus of the higher castes. dian Protestant Christians, met months, the Brahmins gave in in annual session at Poona early and sent away the police. They -Po O. Philip in The Chris- in February. The conference re- said, "We cannot stand this any tian Century. affirmed its approval of the es- longer. You may pass through tablishment of a united church the road." Four Recent Baptisms for India; viewed with regret the general apathy of the Indian The s t rug g I e had been Recent baptisms of four peo- Christian community towards ple from Lyallpur, a village near the swadeshi movement for pro- watched with great interest all Lahore, are of unusual interest moting home industries and and spiritual significance. S. handicrafts; con d e m ned in over India. "Their bravery and Narindar, Singh Nibbar, after strong terms anarchy, murder he had wavered between Christi- and violence of all kinds; and their victory," said Mr. Ananity and Hinduism for seven urged the Government not to reyears, presented himself for sort to repressive measures to drews, "have opened to the unbaptism. Although he was a check civil disobedience. It was mature man of forty-seven decided to appeal to the National touchables not only that one foryears, and one of authority in Congress to discard the civil dishis home, he had to come steal- obedience movement. bidden road, but all the roads thily for fear his relatives might hear of his intentions. -Po O. Philip. that had been forbidden to them in Southern India. Untoucha- bility in India is dying."

-Alice Stone Blackwell, in The World Tomorrow.

[241]

A Christian Party megal not the case. Many non-Chris- the other section, thirty-nine have tians feel that just as sterling taken the stand. The headman of Under the special ordinances has gone off the gold standard, the village remains outside, and like promulgated by the Viceroy all Christianity in several of these many other chiefs is determined to organizations connected with countries has gone off the Christ cause trouble. The Christians of the the Indian National Congress standard. In his 'History of north section have asked that they and having sympathies with it Japanese Religion' recently pub- be allowed to go over to the other can be declared to be illegal. The lished, Dr. M. Anesaki of the side. Permission was refused, and Christian Nationalist Party of Tokio Imperial U n i v e r sit y they are told that they must not even Bombay has now come under writes: 'Many people call mod- erect a building for worship. Furthis ban. It was composed of ern civilization Christian, but it thermore, if they continue in the faith Christian. Indians of various de- is evident to every unbiased ob- they must remove themselves to a nominations, including the Ro- server that Christianity is not place far from the village and from man Catholic, who were in sym- taking the lead in civilization, their rice lands. The converts remain pathy with the Congress. To but is struggling to accommo- firm-they have decided to erect their avoid the arrest by Government date itself to it.' This is the place of worship and await the headthe committee of the party has view of educated Indians." The man's move. Weare looking forward been dissolved. Reformer adds, "Indians outside to a gratifying increase among the Christianity are reconstructing Tangkhul Christians in the near fu- Plain Speaking ture. There are more than 400 con- verts in this village of Tushen. A British officer in charge of for themselves the Christ idea." Criminal Tribes Work in Shola- – Watchman-Examiner. pur believes that the only perma- Indian Scholar's Testimony nent way of reclamation is the CHINA one that leads to Christian citi- Mr. Chunilal Mukerji, Bengali zenship. After visiting a Boys' Christian scholar and author The Commercial Press Loss Reformatory in the same dis- who accepted Christ in 1922, in trict an English judge declared an article contributed to Dnyan- The American Bible Society to those in charge, "these people odaya, says: lost valuable books and plates need what you and the Christian through the destruction of the religion can do for them." A I regard the New Testament as of- Commercial Press in Chapei, non-Christian instructor arose fering the most complete religion to Shanghai. Two members of the in a staff conference with repre- human beings: First, because it is Bible Society's native staff who sentatives from all over the based on love as shown by its un- resided in the war area were presidency and said: "The Scout wearied attemp,ts at the alleviation of also reported missing. The Comand Guide movements are good human suffering. mercial Press was the largest so far as they go, but they do not publishing plant in Asia, and go far enough. These people Secondly, it grew out of actual employed about 1,500 workers. dealings with men and women of di- It printed many of the Scripneed something more vital than verse natures which oftentimes proved tures published by the Amerimoral training. They need re- a source of unspeakable tribulation, can Bible Society in Chinese and ligion." When someone asked: as the epistles of St. Paul ceaselessly printed much other Christian lit- "But it was the Hindu religion exemplify. erature. The loss in investment for which you were pleading, was about $3,000,000. was it not?" he replied, "No, Thirdly, it meets, as such, the manthese Criminal Tribes need a ifold requirements of human life. Christianity in China way of life that will teach them to live together in love. The Fourthly, it inculcates spiritual The Christian Church has Mohammedan religion does not principles which are not so abundant- been steadily growing in China teach us that; nor does the Hin- ly found in non-Christian scriptures for a century. The fact that its du religion. I mean the Chris- and which are capable of endless di- membership is much larger than tian religion." versification. that of the Nationalist Party is in itself eloquent. What is, how- Fifthly, it is not a complacent rev- ever, of far greater moment is eling in pious speculation, but a body that it has a group of leaders of of utterances begotten of the deep whom Dr. Cheng Ching-yi, sec- travail of consecrated hearts. retary of the National Christian Council of China, is an out- Sixthly, it embodies a system of standing example-men of cour- unimpeachable ethics. age, brain, will, and sacrificial devotion. The National Chris- Seventhly, every word of this won- tian Council, on Dr. Cheng's in- derful faith is sealed with blood, for spiration, has called all the almost all the apostles died martyrs. Christian community in China in this hour of peril to their land "Oft' the Christ Standard" Four Hundred Converts not to make Christians National- ists, but to make the nation A Hindu newspaper, The In- . From the northeast area of Christian. A concrete educationdian Social Reformer, comments Manipur State, Assam, are re- al, evangelistic and social "Five on the report of the Lindsay ports of new villages having Year Plan" of action for doub- Commission on Christian Higher yielded to the claims of Chris- Education: "Throughout their tianity. A Baptist missionary, report the commissioners tacitly William Pettigrew, of Kangpokassume that Christianity is to- pi, tells of what is going on in day the same stable factor in Tushen: the countries from which mis- The village of more than 100 houses sions come as it was seventy is in two sections; the whole of one section, forty-six houses, has accepted years ago. This, of course, is Christ. Of the fifty-four houses in

OUR WORLD-WIDg OUTLOOK

ling the membership of the 46% were Christians with most hear the devil laughing, Christian community and edu- church affiliations. Religious "What can you do now?-I have cating it for the service of God work has been carried on as finished him." and man in China is being vig- usual, and has been quite· satis- -Dr. William H. Dobson, orously prosecuted, a spiritual factory, in spite of troublous Yeungkong, China. counterpart to the Soviet Five times. Fellowship Groups and Year Plan of economic advance. Bible classes were organized at Military Occupation The New Government the beginning of the term, and Owing to the large number of government troops gathered in Christian leadership appears they have been well attended. Yencheng, Honan, to fight the to be less prominent in the new The work of the Seminary is rebel army, every available government than in its prede- prospering. A new constitution building was commandeered for cessor. Nevertheless Christian- billeting the troops. The generity is more free from attacks has been worked out, definitely al and his headquarters staff octhan was formerly the case. defining the relation of the Sem- cupied the mission compound. With the exception of Kiangsi and perhaps parts of Hupeh, inary to the University. Twelve Two machine guns were on the ground with the gunners students are in attendance. En- tire enrollment in the Univer- sity is 1,988.

where communists are active, Superstition and Doctors standing by and the guard with Christians go about their work fixed bayonets. In spite of this much as usual. Christian schools In South China if a person is formidable appearance of the are going forward, though there too ill to recover he must not be entrance to the church, hundreds are losses in elementary schools, allowed to expire in a hospital of Christians passed through and one senses a more hopeful or any other strange house, or this gate as usual for services.

spirit throughout the whole his spirit will haunt his earthly This is only one of many mili- Christian movement. home. tary occupations in recent years.

Hopeful Reaction Some time ago I was called to After the evacuation the mis- see a young man in great pain. sionary returned to find his resi- A reaction from the law pro- While on the way I met a sedan dence among the other buildings hibiting religious teaching in chair with the patient sitting up- occupied. Three months later schools is apparent among the right, undergoing the bouncing the soldiers vacated, leaving a pupils. Tunghsien reports that which the stiff chairs and poles legacy of dirt and vermin which there is whole-hearted partici- make in this region. After all made the succeeding summer pation in all religious activities sorts of methods to relieve his months very trying. at Goodrich Girls' School. There obstruction, his folks were told is a "Church Members' Meet- that an operation was the only The Yencheng church suping," with an average attend- way to save his life; that he had ports its pastor and other Chrisance of fifty, and a Bible class of six chances out of ten to live. tian workers, and is trying to from eighteen to twenty mem- The father of the young man reach out into its parish of a bers. From sixty to ninety girls consented to the operation, but million souls with the Gospel. attend church every Sunday the women said "No!" The last annual conference was attended by eight hundred morning and every girl in the They took the boy home to die Christians from various parts of senior class is either a member because they were afraid if he the district and the messages or on probation. All this is ab- died away from home his spirit from the Word of God were a solutely voluntary. The girls would haunt them, seeking his means of blessing and inspirasing hymns before they go to home. tion to many hearts. Fifty out bed, as they used to do in the old With every patient brought to of many candidates examined days. the hospital the doctor must for baptism were received.

The Rev. George W. Shepherd, state that he is sure the treat- Pray for an increase during now in Ingtai, reports that every ment will cure. If not, they this year in spite of flood, brigboy and girl in the two mission take away the patient. andage, and civil strife.

schools voluntarily attends both As a result of such supersti- -Rev. Ernest J. Davis, China church school and w,orship on tion only the girl slaves, con- Inland Mission. Sunday. In addition there are cubines and a low type of men fifteen volunteer teachers who submit to serious operations or meet weekly with the missionary JAPAN-CHOSEN and the pastor for teacher train- treatments. None of them go The Grievance Against Shanghai until they have tried the whole ing. University of Shanghai gamut-superstitious practices, Shanghai is the source of native quackery and old wives' much trouble for Japan, for it is potions. the headquarters of the efficient In 1930, 43% of the students By the time the patient lands organized boycott on Japanese in the University of Shanghai in the hospital he is a physical exports into China. It is also were Christians. In 1931, about and financial wreck-one can al- the headquarters of a Korean

"provisional government" which Selling Girls Since a large number of the has kept the movement for inde- The depression, according to theological students belong to pendence alive in Korea. Shang- the New York Times, has this church, they are trained in hai is also the source of consid- brought back to two villages in Sunday School and church work. erable communist propaganda the Yamagata Prefecture the which finds its way into Japan. practice of selling young girls. There are 12 elders, all of It is a center of industrial un- Out of 469 girls in West Kokuni them Japanese, three of whom rest, and from its shops have between the ages of fifteen and are women. There are 16 deagone tons of anti-Japanese prop- twenty-five, 110, in r e c e n t cons, five of whom are women. aganda. months, have been sold to the The Sunday School has an av- keepers of licensed brothels and erage attendance of 170. There Japan w ish e s to control more than 100 have been placed are 35 teachers and officers in Shanghai and the lower Yangtze as waitresses in cafes of tea its three departments. Then because of the economic poten- houses of ill repute in neighbor- there is a Ladies' Aid Society of tialities of its hinterland. Japan ing towns. The prices paid about 100 members; a .Men's formerly shared in the operation range from $150 to $400, but a Bible Class which meets once of huge smelters near Hankow, commission is deducted for brok- every week for study; a C. E. but these and her forty-two erage. This recurrence of a Society for college boys, and a great textile mills have suffered practice largely obsolete led to Junior Society for high school greatly from industrial unrest. inquiries by prefectural authori- students; two Lydia Societies The occupation of Shanghai and ties and the agricultural depart- for girls of Junior and Senior the lower Yangtze might lessen ment of the Imperial University. age; and a Y. M. C. A. for stuthese hostilities and permit Ja- It seems 85 per cent of the land dents of the Sendai Imperial pan to continue the exploitation of that county is covered by gov- University. of those invaluable minerals ernment forests in which the while trade, relieved of the peasants have no rights. The -Dr. Elmer H. Zaugg. weight of the boycott, expands. amount of arable land is not great enough to support the Increase of Religious Sects -The Christian Century. people, and some years ago the district purchased from the gov- The phenomenal development The Influence of Christianity ernment some of the waste of various religious cults among woodland. This cost half a mil- the Japanese proves their desire No amount of sophistry will lion dollars of which West Ko- for assurance of spiritual realihide the fact that it is the Chris- kuni, with a population of about ties in a world of stress and tian workers and Christian 4,700, had to undertake $7,500. strain. The "Human Way" cult, civilization that have lifted Taxation has risen and the vil- though less than five years old, Japan above the darkness of old lage is now in arrears more than is said to have 200,000 adherideas and backward customs, $15,000. Salaries are unpaid ents, among whom are educaand put her on the path of prog- and this year, to add to the dis- tors, government officials and ress and higher culture. tress, crops failed. military leaders. It is signifi- cant that few of these sects offer Let us ask who it was that A Live College Church any material or economic adtaught us in this struggle for vantages, though some promise uplifting ourselves! The answer healings of bodily infirmities to is perfectly simple. The Chris- the most faithful.

tians and Christian ideas of love, When the North Japan Chris- National Presbyterian Ohurch humanity, justice, and proprie- tian College in Sendai grew larg- of Korea ty, therefore Christianity. J ap- er we came to feel the need for The National Presbyterian a n e s e Christians professing a religious organization within Church of Korea has been ortheir belief in the Bible and go- the school that would exert a ganized eighteen years. It is a ing to churches may not be large, thoroughly self-respecting, indebut the Japanese men and wom- direct Christian influence upon pendent Church; has adopted and revised its own standards; en who think as good Christians the students and that would and incidentally has developed a do without knowing it, and are provide facilities for training group of constitutional lawyers propagating and acting up to fully able to hold their own with the students to do Christian the sargons of Presbyterianism, Christian ideas are innumerable. work after they left the school. whether in Scotland or the In fact, it may be said without So about eight years ago the United States. It faces its reexaggeration that if Christian- sponsibilities unafraid; ordains ity as a religion be making but school church was organized its workers, conducts its mission slow progress in Japan, the work at home and abroad; han- Christian ideas may be said to with 93 charter members and have already conquered the . each year the number has incountry. creased by about 100, so that now there are about 758 mem- bers. From the standpoint of numbers it is one of the largest -Japan Times. churches in this part of Japan. dles its finances; encourages its

OUR WORLD-vYIDE OUTLOOK

woman's work; administers dis- ISLANDS OF THE SEA gard it as a sacred trust. Aloha from cipline; guards its prerogatives the Hawaiian Islands and a merry carefully; at the same time it co- Aloha Na Makamaka Hawaii Christmas to the American Board! operates most cordially and fraternally with the missions labor- Across nearly six thousand The Independent Church ing side by side with it for the miles-from Boston to Honolulu accomplishment of the big task -the first radio-telephonic mes- The Aglipayan Church of the of evangelizing the 20,000,000 of sage was sent Wednesday eve- Philippines is a combination of Korea's population. Only one- ning, December 23, 1931, from about 10 per cent high church fortieth of the people are as yet New England to Hawaii, and a Episcopalianism, about 85 per Christian. brief conversation carried on cent of the kind of nationalism between the American Board represented in America by the A Marvel of Modern History and the Hawaiian Evangelical D. A. R., the old guard Republi- Association, and 111 churches cans and the American Legion, In a period of forty years a of six nationalities in Hawaii. and about five per cent of the thousand Christian churches worship of science. have been established in Korea. Dr. Leavitt delivered the first The growth of the Christian formal radio-telephonic message Doctrinally, the Aglipayan or communities, the early natural- between New England and Independent Church has evolved iuition of Christianity in the Honolulu. He said in part: to the place where it is as far Korean environment, and the from Rome in belief as the far-reaching influence of the re- On this historic occasion the Amer- Philippines is removed from ligion on the thought and life of ican Board of Commissioners for For- Rome in distance, the Catholic the people, have been remark- eign .Missions greets again the Ha- Dictionary to the contrary not- waiian Evangelical Association in the withstanding. Bishop Aglipay able, and the present day Ko- fellowship of a great and common in various statements has speci- purpose. fically repudiated the Catholic rean is awakening under the in- doctrines of the supremacy of For 112 years strong ties have the pope, transsubstantiation, fluence of Western culture. One bound the best that is in America to the adoration of Mary, the celi- the best that is in the Hawaiian bacy of the priesthood, the has only to walk through the Islands, ever since that famous band priest's power to forgive sins, of missionaries embarked on the brig ecclesiastical indulgences, and streets of certain cities on any Thaddeus for the Sandwich Islands in purgatory. On the other hand 1819. his movement is equally fa; Sunday and notice the number f.rom Protestantism. Every Ag- The first act of communication re- hpayan church has its images of closed business shops to un- quired 159 days to complete. Today and every priest wears robes derstand something of the great Boston speaks to Honolulu not only much like those of the Catholic lip to lip, in an instant of time and Church. Although Aglipay was impact that Christianity has annihilating space, but in a deeper friendly with Protestant groups, sense, from soul to soul. there has been a gradual withmade on this land. Christian drawal until now there is little progress in Korea is partly indi- The reply from Honolulu was or no contact. This is largely heard through seven sets of ear due to the strange mixture of cated by the following statistics phones distributed among those ultra-moderJ.ljstism in theology, taken from "The Korean Mis- present. The Hawaiian friends ultra-CatholIc practices, and ul- were assembled in the Throne t r a-nationalistic preachments sion Year Book" for 1928: Room of the Capitol building in which the Independent Church Honolulu. Mr. Arthur Alexan- presents. Total missionaries. . . . . . . . . . 491 der, vice-president of the Ha- waiian Board, said: -The Christian Century. Churches or groups.. . . . . . . . 4,147 Friends .of the American Board: ANew Mission Boat Communicants or full mem- The change that has taken place since the first missionaries arrived in Mrs. Henry W. Peabody is rebers .'……………… . 111,134 March, 1820, is almost incredible. joicing that God has provided Today we are conversing directly with means for the purchase of the Catechumens or probationers 64,697 you in Boston. In 1820 it took over Fukuin Maru. The Association a year to get even a simple question of Baptists for Evangelism in Baptized children ……… . 22,039 answered. We cannot realize the iso- the Orient will operate the boat lation of the early missionaries to in a group of the Philippine Is- Other adherents ………. . 58,318 Hawaii and the hardships that they lands which are now without suffered. In less than f.orty years missionaries. Mrs. Peabody's Sunday Schools, adult and they had made of them a Christian own enthusiastic words written nation. from Orlando, Florida, are: primary …………… . 4,763 They did more than christianize Our prayers are answered and the Sunday School scholars …. . 220,335 Hawaii. They helped the Hawaiian check for the purchase of the Fukuin Government to maintain its inde- Teachers in Sunday Schools. 14,370 pendence. They founded the present school system, and paved the way for Bible Classes (four days or the racial harmony and c.ooperation that is one of the features of our life longer ……………… 3,285 today.

Bible Class attendance, men. 49,218 In 1863 y.our board withdrew its support and transferred the local Bib 1e CIa s s attendance, work to the Hawaiian board. We re- women .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,667 Korean contributions, 1927, yen ………………… 1,245,757 Korean contributions, 1925, yen ………………… 1,147,149 The average gain in number of communicants was an average of 24 per cent, while the average gain in giving was 250 per cent.

–Dnyanodaya.

Maru is in my hands. The cost of training in Sunday schools or meet the increasing needs conmaintenance will be kept down to the otherwise. It is clearly evident fronting it. In addition to all very lowest figure. We can save much that one of the most effective its regular work, it is now act- ways to combat the crime prob- ing as a central agency for the by having our students serve as crew. They will have plenty of time f.or evangelistic work while the ship is in lem in Chicago and other cities relief of the unemployed people port. The zone where the boat will operate is not in the typhoon zone. is to plant the church firmly in of our church. The society is The captain feels perfectly safe in every community with an ag- doing this work most wisely, eftaking his family with him for six fectively and sympathetically." gressive missionary program. The society has increased its months of the year, and his wife is -The Churchman.

such a finely equipped Bible teacher Mohammedan Activities original budget through the centhat she can be a whole faculty if tury from $1,000 to $375,000, needed – especially as the boys will Many Moslems live in New have had some training in the Bible York and vicinity. Most of these and this winter finds its re- School in Manila. come from Syria, Palestine, Tur- sources taxed to the breaking key, Persia, North Africa, Iraq, point with the ceaseless appeals NORTH AMERICA from destitute families.

League of Evangelical Students Arabia and India, and little is The Need for Volunteers being done to bring them into About six years ago the Na- living contact with Christ. Last The missionary enterprise has tional Young Men's Christian year a Christian Armenian, Esa a living challenge to Christian Association organized an inter- Kazazian, from Baghdad, began students of the present generaseminary conference. Some dele- to do work among them, distrib- tion, as was clearly shown at gates desired a doctrinal basis, uting Christian literature and the Buffalo Student Volunteer and, failing to secure it, organ- seeking to win them to Christ. Convention. The opportunity for ized, at Pittsburgh, an inter- Mr. Kazazian was backed in this missionary service is reported by seminary and inter-collegiate work by the American Bible a large number of the mission body with the following article Society, the American Tract So- boards. This reveals a significant in its constitution: ciety, and the American Chris- and urgent need. Nearly 600 Qualifications for membership in the tian Literature 'Society for Mos- openings are definitely financed, lems. Most of these Moslems and 250 other calls, are provileague shall be faith in the Bible as work in factories, and, as Mr. sional on special funds. For the infallible Word of God, and acceptance of the fundamental truths of the Christian religion, such as: The Kazazian says, "are astonished evangelistic work there is urgent Trinity, the virgin birth of Christ, need for 229 ordained men and to learn that some one in Amer- 133 trained women. The edu- His divine and His human nature, His ica cares for their souls." cational field requires 67 men substitutionary atonement, His resurrection from the dead, and His com- A colporteur observed that Mohammedans have lately been and 176 women with adequate ing again.

The League of Evangelical working among Negroes in the preparation and personal quali- Students has gone on success- Pittsburgh region. The Mohamfully and now is planning to es- medan argument is: "Christians fications. Hospital work and tablish in every institution of brought you here as slaves and pioneer medical service calls higher education in North Amer- have oppressed you. We Mo- for the consecrated skill of 67 ica a group devoted to the pro- hammedans are all brothers. The men physicians, 44 women phymotion of spiritual life, and to Bible says Jesus was buried in the propagation of New Testa- Palestine; but here we have a sicians, and 98 nurses. Other ment Christianity. picture of his tomb in India." specialized tasks demand trained agriculturists, carpenters, treas- Chicago a Mission Field There is a definite need for mis- urers, an experienced librarian sionary work to fortify Negroes and a college president.

The need is for intelligent and Chicago offers one of the and others with the Scriptures. earnest Christian youth moved by the spirit of Christ and posigreatest missionary fields in the world, the Ven. Frederick G. Protestant Episcopal Mission tive faith and conviction-and Centenary with adequate preparation. Deis, Archdeacon of Metropoli- tan Chicago, declared. He esti- The 100th anniversary of the Jews Turning to Jesus mated that 25,000 Episcopalians Protestant Episcopal City Misare "lost" to the church in Chi- sion Society of New York City In an Orthodox synagogue of cago at the present time through was celebrated in January at Brooklyn not long ago, during lack of a sufficient missionary special services at the Cathedral certain days of repentance and program and machinery for of St. John the Divine. Bishop prayer, Jews were seen lying on keeping in touch with a shifting Manning, president of the or- their faces crying to God for metropolitan population. ganization, paid the following protection upon them and their Statistics show that the aver- tribute to its growth and useful- persecuted brethren, especially age age of gangsters range from ness: in Russia. One elderly Jew liftseventeen. to twenty-two years. "The society has stretched its ed up his hands towards heaven, Statistics also prove that few of facilities to meet each new op- and in an agony of soul cried our gangsters ever had any portunity and has striven to out: "Oh that Thou wouldest

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

rend the heavens, that Thou wegian Lutheran Church and an ancient horn to call his people wouldest come down. Lord, send the Augustana S y nod. The together for worship. our Messiah, and should the Council held its second annual Jesus of the gentiles be the one, meeting in Chicago on Janu- Last spring the mission cared grant us a sign that we may be ary 26. for the natives in Kokrinnes sure and forgive our guilt Village during the epidemic of toward Him." A changed atti- Interracial Cooperation in influenza. The ninety-four miles tude toward Jesus Christ is in Tennessee between the two villages was evidence, and though inadequate covered by dog-teams spaced in yet shows that contempt is giv- It is encouraging to note the relays to make a continuous ing way to recognition. In a improvement in interracial rela- journey. Baltimore publication, The Med- tions in the southern states. The iator, was an account of a me- activities reported by James D. -The Churchman. morial service for Jesus, which Burton, Secretary of the Interopened with a reading of the racial Commission of Tennessee: LATIN AMERICA Sermon on the Mount. is cheering. Many conferences have been held in the past year Will Mexico be Dry? The Rabbi's sermon consisted and city and county leaders have of six reasons why Jews should been enlisted in the w 0 r k Temperance is making headregard Jesus as a great teacher: throughout the state. Close con- way in Mexico and steps are be- tact is maintained with state ing taken to make the nation (1) Because He lived as a Jew, departments of health, educa- dry. The movement is sponmingled with Jews, and observed their tion and various institutions sored not only by church organfestivals. (2) He died as a Jewish looking to the improvement of izations and women's societies, patriot, for principles and convictions. community life in race relations. but is also promoted by the Gov- (3) His religion was the religion of Better accommodations for col- ernment. In 1929 President Gil the synagogue. He taught the father- ored people have been provided initiated an anti-alcohol camhood of God and the brotherhood of in some localities, an anti-lynch- paign, and began propaganda in man. (4) Jesus was a Jew in His ing bill has been endorsed by schools and other Government criticism of the Jews of His day. (5) white leaders, more adequate organizations; he ordered tem- Jesus was a Jew in that He influenced police protection in Negro com- perance programs regardless of the Jewish race by His personality. munities; better economic and the personal opinion of the In other words, because Jesus was a educational conditions h a v e teachers. Though the present kinsman of the Jews they became of been promoted and morals have administration does not push the world importance. (6) Jesus was a been improved. There is great campaign as did Mr. Gil, the Jew in His influence on the history of need for better state institutions movement has a momentum that humanity. He introduced the ideas of for juvenile delinquents, the will not stop. A recent law Judea into the whole universe. feeble-minded, the sick and the closes saloons from Saturday helpless. Adequate protection, night till Monday morning. Hav- Lutheran Home Mission Council justice and opportunity should ing the saloons closed this one be given to all. day, the biggest spending day of This Council for North Amer- the week, has made a great imica was organized in 1930 to Alaskan News pre s s ion in Zitacuaro. The give encouragement and infor- prison keeper complained that mation in home mission work The United States Govern- he did not get enough men in jail and method; to study and sur- ment is using the old army post on Sunday to work the roads vey home mission fields; to adopt buildings at Fort Gibbon, Alas- during the week. Since Sunday principles according to which ka, as h 0 s pit a 1, orphanage, is the biggest market day, and home mission fields may be oc- school for the blind, etc., for the families come to town from cupied and worked without du- natives. Rowe Hall, which cares miles away, the enforcement of plication of effort and expense for the children, has more than this law is a genuine blessing. and without unfriendly compe- proved its worth, but it must be tition. To carry out this latter closed owing to lack of funds. Disturbance in Central America purpose, it is suggested that Deaconess Bedell of the Episcolocal Home Mission Councils be pal Church hopes to open it as The Central American States formed in all large Lutheran soon as she returns from her are still centers of earthquakes centers where there is a major- furlough. and of political upheavals. San ity of cooperating bodies. Such Salvador has had a recent shorta council has already been or- Henry Moses, mISSIOn lay lived rebellion· and in February ganized in metropolitan New reader and interpreter at the disturbances in San Jose, Costa York and has demonstrated the Protestant Episcopal Mission of Rica, caused the United States feasibility of this procedure. Our Saviour at Tanana is hord- Legation to be abandoned when Bodies cooperating in the na- ing services in the cabins of the the barracks across the street tional organization are the Unit- natives. Blind Paul, for thirty- were being bombarded. A rebeled Lutheran Church, American five years conducted them, using lious movement was led by Man- Lutheran Church, the Lutheran uel Castro Quesada, defeated Free Church, United Danish candidate for president. All Church, Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church of America, Nor-

streets were deserted and busi- been brought into the church. being fought for the right to be ness paralyzed. Costa Rica is a Little settlements and groups Protestants without detriment small mission field occupied by are holding their own services to their citizenship rights.

the Methodist Episcopal Church, in the absence of the missionary, Evangelical Christians are not the Anglicans and the Central and are looking forward eager- to be looked upon as the pro- American Mission. ly to his return visit. teges of foreigners and a for- Brazil Calls Loudly With Iquitos, Peru, as head- eign religion, but as one hundred quarters, missionaries of the In- per cent Peruvians with some- Brazil needs more mission- land South American Union thing in quality which the ordiaries, especially in the Amazon itinerate up and down the hun- nary Peruvian does not possess. valley and the central tablelands. dreds and thousands of miles of The Evangelical church seeks "The vast hinterland, now waterways, a work which has the regeneration of the individshrinking in size because of the only begun to bring results. This ual and aims to convert the comnew motor roads, demands an region has been and is still one munity to tolerance if not to active missionary campaign," of the "uttermost parts," and faith." says Dr. Erasmo Braga, out- with Tibet form the last two – World Dominion. standing Brazilian leader. There regions closed to the Gospel. EUROPE are twenty-three Protestant Protestant Rights in Peru Methodist Union in Britain missionary societies, with about five hundred missionaries, in- The Rev. John Ritchie of Peru A few years ago there were cluding wives, at work in about writes that the maximum of self- five Methodist denominations in eighty stations in Brazil. The government ought to be the nor- Great Britain: the Wesleyan, native Christian staff numbers mal procedure in a Christian the Primitive, the United Free, 713, of whom 250 are ordained Church whose members are led the New Connection, the Bible men. The Evangelicals have 750 of the Holy Spirit. He says: Christians. Then there were organized churches, with over "The native church should be three: the Wesleyan, Primitive 122,000 communicant members, foreign only to the extent of its and the United, which gathered not counting the 350,000 mem- heavenly character and not on in the other two. bers of the German Lutheran account of its earthly deriva- In September, 1932, there will Church in the southern states. tion." be only one. The present population of Brazil Mr. Ritchie says that converts The union has been achieved is over forty million. Thousands are insisting on their status as with patience and goodwill on of cities and towns are un- Peruvians as well as Christians. all sides. Each church has its touched by the Gospel; the vast It is the policy of the church of own distinctive traditions, which interior, with over 1,000,000 In- Rome to exclude Protestants have gathered around them the dians, is practically unreached. from the cemeteries. But the radiance of many memories. Evangelical Christians, under But the union will be complete World's Sunday School Mr. Ritchie's advice, insist on and there will be no minority Convention their rights as Peruvian citizens keeping out of the new church.

The first assemblage of Chris- to use the village cemetery. An African in Liverpool tians from all over the world to "This stand has been successbe held in South America will be fully taken throughout the inte- A convert of Mary Slessor of the World's Sunday School As- rior towns and villages and in Calabar, named Ekarte, went to sociation Convention in Rio de many places Protestants have sea and found himself stranded Janeiro, July 25-31. At least been allowed to use the pub- in Liverpool, where he was led fifty nations will be represented. lic cemetery, thus establishing to undertake the help of other A youth conference will be a precedent which will be diffi- Africans who came on steamers one of the features. In addition cult to overcome. The native to the port. He visits all the to the main program, institutes Christian desires to avoid taking ships which carry African and seminars will be held for a any course which would make crews so that now the men more intensive study of Chris- them a community apart from know him and look to him for tian education in its world-wide their fellow countrymen. help in difficulty.

aspects. For the multitudes who . "The native Evangelical synod Ekarte lives in a little room cannot attend, but who are eager has also refused to establish in a poor quarter. There you to be personally identified with mission schools and is insisting may find him teaching colored the convention, there is an Inter- that their children be received men or children the catechism cessory Prayer Membership. into the state schools and be ac- or hymns or discussing pass- World's Hardest Field corded decent treatment by the port complications. Or he may nun-trained school mistresses: be rushing to the hospital or to During the last two years hos- As teachers become accustomed the police court to help an ar- tility and distrust on the part of to having the children of Evan- rested sailor. The hospitals are Amazonian Indians has been gelicals, intolerance wears down. miles away, and Ekarte has to overcome and 645 converts have The battle is not won but it is walk the whole distance once or

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

twice a week to visit all in which Its initial undertaking was at of the city councils and regional there are colored people. Mirzapur, United Provinces of congresses.

This convert of Miss SIessor India, buying the London Mis- Today in Spain there could be has absolute faith in prayer. sionary Society's £5,220 plant. employed as preachers and lec- A writer in Life and Work says: In West China it is working turers all the pastors working "On one occasion I brought a with Bishop Cassels, and in in all the Spanish-speaking parcel of food for himself, South China it has absorbed the countries. There are less than knowing that if I gave him Emmanuel Medical Mission at· a hundredth part of the workers money he would directly give it Nanning, formed by Dr. and needed, and these are so poor to others. When I presented it he Mrs. Lechmere Clift. In Burma that even those who receive the remarked that he had been pray- it has begun extensive missions highest salaries would be unable ing for three seamen who were and has taken over the Deaf and to eat in the United States, not destitute and starving and now Dumb School and Orphanage for to speak of rent and clothing.

the answer had come. Within evangelizing the eleven thousand The highest salary for a pastor four days he had got one of deaf mutes of Burma. in Madrid in terms of dollars them a position on a liner going North Africans in France would be $40 a month. Their back to Africa. A week later congregations are also poor.

he secured similar positions for At present there are about Germany and England are dothe other two." 110,000 North Africans, Ber- ing something but their help is -Ernest Gordon. bers, Arabs and Kabyls from meager. If the North Ameri- Algiers in France. Many of can boards working in Latin Religious Interest in England them have come in contact with America could help Spain at present they would help the The statistics published in the Prc)testant missionaries in their work in all Spanish-speaking official yearbook of the Church home lands and while in Paris countries, because Spain is now of England give grounds for an attend Protestant services. A becoming more and more the group of Mohammedans comes leader in all those countries. encouraging view of the state of regularly an hour's ride by bus religion in that country today. -Juan Ortz Gonzales. During 1930 there were in the to take part in the meetings and 12,801 Anglican parishes 420,- the driver, a Kabyl, leaves his Protestant Academies in 281 baptisms, or about 75 per bus parked in the street to go Germany cent of the total number of in himself. A former student of births registered in England in El-Ahzar University is an at- The most noticeable way of that year. Add the baptisms in tendant at services, and a Kabyl balancing the German budget Methodist, Congregational, Bap- who became a Christian and re- has been by reducing the salaries tist and other churches and it be- turned to his home country re- of state officials of all classes. comes evident that the number ports that, notwithstanding con- Particularly drastic is the deciof families that ignore religious stant peril of life, he has so far sion that out of 15 pedagogical observances must be small. For distributed about 1,250 portions academies, in which since the the attendances at religious wor- of the Bible among his people. war the ele~entary school teach- ship the yearbook estimates that A New Spain ers have been trained, only six the attendance of "adult regular will remain, and how long those worshippers" at Anglican serv- Last summer I traveled 4,500 will remain open is uncertain. ices is at least 6,500,000. The miles in Spain and talked with It is significant of present poaddition of Non-Conformist more than fifty Protestant pas- litical conditions that the nine Church worshippers would bring tors, representing different de- academies sacrificed are all the total number up to about 10,- nominations. Protestant, while the two Cath- 000,000. Though the number of Span- olic academies, and the one in ish Protestants is small (scarce- Frankfurt with no religious af- Bible Churchmen's Society ly 12,000 among more than 22 filiations, will continue their The Bible Churchmen's Mis- millions) , the Evangelical move- work. This means that the sionary Society was organized in ment has been an important fac- Catholic influence has bee n 1922 by members of the Church tor in bringing about the re- strong enough to protect their of England and in the seven public. Some of the secretaries cultural institutions, while the years of its existence its yearly in the present government were Protestants are not in sympathy income has passed from £25,144 pupils in Protestant schools, and with the present Prussian govin 1923 to £57,000 in 1930, in an are not ashamed to confess it in ernment. uninterrupted increase. It has public. I found everywhere -The Christian Century.

commissioned 116 British mis- that, among the most influential Religious Interest in Bulgaria sionaries and has 68 in training. men of this government, Prot., Ten of these are physicians and estantism is well thought of. A wave of religious interest there are already 87 native Some of our pastors have even seems to have appeared in the workers. It is pledged to pioneer been offered the office of provin- University of Sofia. Not only is advance wherever possible. cial governor or the presidency the Bulgarian Student Chris-

tian movement at a high point merly American Presbyterian pIe in evangelism; vacation Bible Schools; an aroused in its activity, but a strong Mission, Cameroons, and Mrs. "Health Sense"; intensive study of Egypt's agricultural removement among Russian stu- H. D. Hooper, formerly Church sources with a resultant lessen- ing of rural poverty; better dents has also come into promi- Missionary Society, Kenya, as roads-a challenge to the evan- gelist, and finally greater lennence. The three days' confer- associate editors. Mr. Hubert iency on the part of the govern- ment toward Christian instrucence of the Russian movement W. Peet, of the Far and Near tion.

in Sofia, just closed, was the Press Bureau, is managing edi- A Wordless Worship first ever held there, and one of . tor. Men calling themselves prophthe best held anywhere in recent ets have been a recurring feayears by Russians, according to Effects of Christian Education ture of the Christian movement in West Africa. More than a an experienced leader who was The answers given below were year ago such a man began to written by students at the close preach and heal on the western present. New cooperation be- of a year's course on "Problems border of the Ekiti country. His of Religion," given at the Amer- method is to pray, quote Psalms, tween all Russian student or- ican University at Cairo. lead in singing hymns, preach the coming of the end of the age, ganizations in the University of I used to believe that tying rags to then call on his hearers to sur- Sofia was one by-product of the tombs and lighting candles at them render their idols and confess would bring good luck, but now I be- their sins. Water brought by meeting. the credulous is blessed and lat- -Donald A. Lowrie in the er drunk for their healing. Tak- ing advantage of this awakened Christian Century. zeal, two missionaries of the C. M. S. opened work at Kpata, in Athens School of Religion Closes lieve nothing of that sort. This course the Bassa country. A school has made me see that true religion was started, although it had no equipment beyond a blackboard, The School of Religion at should lift the standard of my con- and a hundred children attend- Athens, the only surviving duct.-A Palestinian Moslem. ed. A dispensary opened and there were fifty patients a day. American Board school for the This course has strengthened my Last February a message came training of religious leaders for belief in a good God. – A Russian from villages in the bush: all of the Near East, is to be Atheist. "Please send us some one to help closed next June, according to us! We do not even know how I believe this course has taught me to pray." This it was impos- what true religion is. If I have sible to do but a few months lat- er another message came saying learned only this from the course, it that they had built a church. present plans. It is arranged is enough.-A Palestinian Moslem. They had given up their market that the training for leadership In primary schools, I learned that on Sunday, and met in the the Koran was the true word of God church; there they stand up, given at the New Bulgarian -perfectly correct, no mistakes and kneel, sit down, but no one says Seminary and at the Beirut no errors. I could not discuss with a word, for they do not know what to say, or how to pray. School for Religious Workers of my teacher that this was not right or he would have beaten me and might Basuto and Barotse the Presbyterian Mission may to have expelled me from school. – An some extent make up for the Egyptian Moslem. In the oldest field of the Paris loss, but the regrettable action Evangelical Missionary Society was unavoidable, owing to finan- -Recent Bull e tin of the -Basutoland-t h e church is cial conditions. American University. looking forward to celebrating its centenary in 1933. Basu- AFRICA Egypt's Problems and Progress toland feels the world depres- sion, but in spite of prevailing Listen to Africa Miss Finney of the American poverty the church maintains a Mission at Tanta, Egypt, out- healthy growth. The number The International Committee lines some of the problems met of declared new converts has on Christian Literature for Af- there. As rural mission schools risen from 2,000, the average rica has planned to issue a pe- are being replaced by the better riodical to be published six times equipped government schools, a year, for village people and the need arises for preaching school children in Africa. It centers to become the nucleus of will be called Listen, News from future churches. The increase Near and Far. The publication of government schools enlarges of the paper has been made pos- the reading public, thus calling sible by the generous financial for larger supplies of good readsupport of the American Com- ing material, and providing a mittee on Christian Literature widening opportunity. for Women and Children in Mission Fields. It will be pub- The national aspirations of lished in English, and it is present day Egyptians must be hoped that it will be read by met by inspiring the younger teachers and others who know generation to real service for English in the villages, and in their country. Addiction to narclasses in schools where English· cotics, the difficulties of converts is taught. The Rev. H. Stover from Islam and woman's posi- Kulp, of the Church of the tion under Islam never cease to Brethren Mission, Nigeria, is be problems. editor of the paper, with Miss Jean Kenyon Mackenzie, for- As to progress, Miss Finney 1i s t s decreasing fanaticism; greater interest of young peo-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

annual increase for years past, ans and the Chinese. Out of stantinople correspondent of the to 3,000. As to church contri- t his preliminary conference Manchester Guardian, particu- butions for support and exten- came plans for an International larly affects many foreign insti- sion, this year's diminution is Club. The Chinese and Indians tutions of education, which are only £740 (£7,302 as against favor the purchase of a build- m 0 s t I y missionary and are £8,042 in 1929), and of this ing at once. This absorbingly founded for religious purposes.

£7,302, £407 was for work interesting enterprise has met Angora claims to have estab- among their countrymen on the with the unanimous approval of lished religious liberty, but on Rand. The main development all races and should provide the the other hand monastic associ- is in the mountain region of the contacts out of which a spirit of ation is denied, and the Angora Maloutis, which occupy more understanding may develop be- leaders have abandoned Islam.

than two-thirds of the country, tween the vanguard of each There is no interference with reliand to which the increase of group. gious worship, and the mosques are population drives more and more -The Congregationalist. still well frequented by the working and lower middle-classes. Six thouinhabitants every year.. These WESTERN ASIA sand clergy, hodjas and imams and muezzins, are paid out of the budget have been ministered to by na- Three American Colleges of the state, though there has been tive evangelists, supervised by fully ordained native pastors, Seventy-six years ago a ship some protest. but the growing complexity of sailed from New York for the The Angora leaders do not think it the situation requires a Euro- Orient bearing two men of despean worker, and it is hoped tiny, Daniel Bliss and Tillman advisable for the organization of re- ligion to be outside state control. It that one may soon be installed. gives them a better hold on the preachers. But its semi-establishment -The Christian. C. Trowbridge, who with Cyrus does not mean its state recognition. Hamlin, already a missionary at It is really a police measure. Younger Generation Sacrifice Constantinople, were to be col- The Guardian's correspond- Many young Christians in An- lege builders in the Near East. ent finds an intellectualist, magola, West Central Africa, have Robert College, founded by Dr. terialist, modernist spirit, torefused positions that would Hamlin, is now in its sixty- gether with a natural reaction mean comparative wealth in or- eighth year. 'Syrian Protestant against all that was the foundader to continue teaching under College, founded by Dr. Bliss tion of the Imperial regime. conditions little short of pover- and now the American Univerty, reports Dr. Henry S. Hollen- sity of Beirut, is in its sixty- When it comes to interreli- fifth year. Dr. Trowbridge re- gious propaganda, the question beck, of Sachikela. They have turned to America sixty years dedicated their lives not only to ago to take the steps necessary is very different: the school activities but to evan- for the establishment of a third gelistic efforts. They find a college at Aintab, now Aleppo Here the Turks remain extremely growing desire for the Christian College. sensitive. Recently there have been message in unoccupied villages. several cases of protests and police This youngest of the three col- investigations regarding supposed leges received public endorse- conversions to Christianity effected by ment at the annual meeting of for e i g n educational institutions. the American Board in Salem in "They teach on meager allow- 1872, and was to embody plans Whenever such cases arise there is a ances, and one young man re- far in advance of the time. The popular call for the expUlsion of forfused a position as carpenter other two colleges had been eign educational orders and establishfor a prosperous company even chartered by the State of New after considerable pressure was York as American institutions, ments. brought to bear upon him, and The g,overnment sends investigators he was told he might name his own salary." and sometimes favors the idea of re- quiring that the directors of such in- stitutions shall be Turks. It is forced by public opinion to prevent all lib- erty of religious propaganda. Ango- ra's main preoccupation is to keep all Four Races Confer the ideal being a foreign college, its citizens very Turkish and na- tional. Chinese, Indians, Eurafri- independent of the mission, on A certain amount of Christian cans, Bantu, one Scotchman, an Turkish soil. The initiative for Englishman and an American the founding of the college at p,ropaganda does go on. The New sat down together recently and Aintab had come from the native Testament is now being translated discussed ways and means for churches. into the new Turkish language by a developing interracial under- committee in which Turks take part. standing in Johannesburg. The Religious Liberty in Turkey 2,000 Chinese have nothing in -Literary Digest. Liberty of worship in Turkey Wireless Station at Mecca common with the 10,000 Indi- appears to manifest itself large- The Moslem World (New ans, nor the Indians with the ly in religious indifference, ex- York) reports that the Marconi rest. The 30,000 Eurafricans cept among Christians. Company has asked the Egyp- are scarcely better off. The There is strong protest, some- tian government for a Moslem Bantu are constantly finding times followed by persecution, engineer of the State Telegraphs new friends among the whites, when Christians seek to convert to supervise the installation of but know little about the Indi- Moslems. This, says the Con- wi reI e s s apparatus in the

Hedjaz. Hamdi EI Kordi Ef- bic: "I am the Light of the separate the convert from the refendi will, before going to the ligious thought and feeling in which Hedjaz, visit London in order to World." obtain the necessary instruc- he was brought up and to attach him tions from the Marconi Com- MISCELLANEOUS NEWS to a new and foreign religion. Bepany. It is thought that the lieving that his own religion has been Moslems plan to open a wireless When the English Were Heathen finally determined for all time, he instation at Mecca. Missions are not modern! sists on unreserved acceptance of its According to Al-Muquattam Back in A.D. 598 Gregory made creed, ritual, and organization. (Ac- (Cairo), the Department of Pil- an appeal to Christian Africa cording to Basil Mathews, "the congrims in the Hedjaz reports the on behalf of pagan England. number of pilgrims arriving at Nearly 1,350 years ago he wrote vert to Christianity from another Mecca last year as follows: to Eubogius of Alexandria, in faith is a kind of spiritual scalp to northern Mrica: "The English hang up in our wigwam.") The actual The total was only 70,000, distrib- race, situated in the far corner u17te,~d17a;s Ifnodllioaw, s9:,62E0g; ySpyt,ri4a,,99321;9;JaPavla~ of the earth, has hitherto been ministry of Jesus gives us the true estme, 456; Sudan, 929; Yemen, 857; in unbelief, worshiping stocks conception of the missionary enter- Cape Colony, 71; Mesopotamia, 201' and stones. But, aided by your prise. Evangelism is the outflow of Algeria, 184; Afghanistan, 173; TUl': prayers, I sent a monk. Now, key, 279; Persia, 150; Hadramaut, letters have arrived telling me the divine love "which seeketh not its 130; Somali Land, 90; China, 85; and of his work. They show that he, own." Its supreme concern is with other countries, 2,268. Before the and those sent out with him, the life within the soul. The success World War the annual pilgrimage was shine amongst that nation with of the Hue evangelist is not in the three times as great as it is now. such miracles that they seem to number of ac,cessions which he is able imitate the mighty works of the to record, but in the spiritual influence apostles. At Christmas, more which he is able to exert, even though than 10,000 English people were such influence never issues in a single baptized. I tell you this that you may know what your accession. Where the mere proselytist might feel he had finished, the evan- prayers are doing at the world's end." gelist would feel that he had hardly -The Congregationalist. begun.

-The Congregationalist.

An Isolated Hospital Depression Brings Folks Back The hospital in Meshed, Per- "Reacting from the materialsia, is the only Christian hospi- ism of the decade that ended in tal for an area more than half 1929, mankind is finding its way the size of the United States. back to the church through the The nearest Christian hospital doorway of depression," said to the west is 560 miles away Bishop Wyatt Brown in adin Teheran. The nearest to the d res sin g the twenty-eighth southeast is 700 miles, as the Missionaries in Foreign Fields annual convention of the Diocese crow flies, at Peshawar. The A bulletin recently published of Harrisburg on January 26-27. nearest to the east is 3,000 miles by the graduate school of the "The economic situation in in Peking, across the whole American University, Washing- which we find ourselves is a breadth of Asia. The notice ton, D. C., presents the results challenge to the Church of boards at the head of the white of a study completed by the "cu- Christ. The appeal of the beds in the Meshed wards show mulative digest of international Church will be heard today as it patients from all over the lands law and relations," and gives has not been heard, yearningly of western and central Asia. some interesting figures con- and gladly, by thousands and Bag'hdad's New Religious Center cerning the number of missiona- thousands of the unchurched. ries now in service in foreign "Despite its unprecedented Several years ago Dr. Samuel countries. A total of 7,809 prosperity, the decade from M. Zwemer and Dr. James Can- American missionaries are now 1919 to 1929 had 'tragic results tine sought funds for a church stationed in 87 foreign coun- in the life of our people.' The to meet the needs of the native tries. Nearly one-half of these, American people were on a gaily Protestant congregation organ- or 3,712 missionaries, are lo- decorated toboggan, s lid in g ized by English missionaries in cated in the three countries of down a spiritual hill, amidst Baghdad. This organization, China, India and Japan. The great cheering, having lots of composed of families that had figure reported for American fun. Then came October, 1929. come out from the several Orien- missionaries in China is 1,846; God called His people home. The tal churches that make up the India, 1,351; Japan, 515. burden of poverty which has re- Christian minorities of the Near Evangelize or Proselyte sulted demands the Christian East, has always been independ- generosity and charity and deent of the United Mission, and A part of the Christian votion Qf us all." they wished a building of their Church is so afraid that it mig h t "proselyte" somebody Rev. Paul L. Warnshuis of Denver own that would be a real center that it hesitates to evangelize has been elected assistant director in for evangelistic work among anybody! Bernard Lucas in his its Department of City, Immigrant, Moslems at Baghdad. The build- book, Our Task in India, makes and Industrial Work, under the Presing is now completed and in- some significant distinctions: byterian Board of National Missions. cludes a chapel, seating over a Mr. Warnshuis will be superintendent hundred. A large plaque is in- The dominating idea of the pros- of Spanish-speaking work in the scribed with the words in Ara- elytist is the advancement of his own Southwest, an office to be left vacant particular religion. His aim is to by the withdrawal of Dr. Robert N. McLean.

Missionary

Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information The Negroes of Africa: History and known how to create and from which as the protector and succor of Culture. By Maurice Delafosse. 313 they are often able to obtain surpris- pp. $3.15. Associated Publishers, ing melodies, their recitative chants friendless children throughout Inc. Washington, D. C. and poetic improvisations, the ele- Great Britain.

This is a translation and a gance of the jewelry and the potteries Mr. Wesley Bready prefaces combination of three important which they manufacture and of cerlittle books by a former gov- the narrative of this great phiernor of the French Colonies and tain of their sculptures on wood and lanthropist and reformer with an outstanding authority on the on ivory, the design and the color of an interesting chapter on the African Negro. Maurice Dela- their mats and tissues, the good taste fosse, who died in 1926, was considered the leading authority on of their talent for ornamentation are history of social reform in Engthe peoples and languages of the incontestable proofs of artistic West Africa, where he spent faculties which are called upon to give land, directly attributing it to seventeen years. The book is an . the Evangelical Revival; and if extremely interesting compen- forth more and better than they have dium on African History and been able to do up to the present. in some instances the less con- Ethnology. The author holds that "the Negroes of Africa are The isolation in which natural bar- spicuous reformers were not not, properly speaking, autoch- riers have for too long a time closed thonous, but come from migra- their habitat has made of the African recognized as Christian in the tions having their point of de- Negroes, in relation to the more fa- Evangelical sense, they in turn parture towards the limits of the vored Europeans, backward peoples, Indian Ocean and the Pacific." found their inspiration and sup- The Pygmies or Negrillos, he be- or more exactly, retarded peoples: port from this source. lieves, are the autochthonous Africans. they have lost much time and they Dr. Barnardo was in early life greatly influenced by the writ- Succeeding chapters trace the will not be able to catch up in a day Development of Negro Civiliza- or in a century. But they have certion in Antiquity, Negro Africa tainly not said their last word and ings of Voltaire, Rousseau, and in the Middle Ages, the Euro- their history is not finished. Perhaps pean contacts with West Africa it is only beginning and this book is Paine, and probably would have and the Slave-trade, the Central only a preface. and Eastern Sudan; then fol- subscribed himself a skeptic. It lows an account of Native Po- S.M.Z. was the famous Irish revival litical Organizations, Social and which proved the turning point Family life, and Religious Beliefs and Practices. in his outlook when at the age of Dr. Barnardo: The Friend of Little seventeen he was led to Christ Each chapter is documented Children. By Wesley Bready. 271 with a select bibliography, al- pp. $2.50. Revell. New York. by his brothers. This period in though mostly French authori- his life is indicative of his subties are cited. There are four maps and an unusually full in- The Evangelical Revival of the sequent service. dex. Optimism, insight, and sympathy are rare qualities in 19th Century has been criticized The experiences immediately a book on the Negro, but they in that it limited the scope of the following his conversion have are all found here. He says: Gospel. Superficial observers been common to many. For a affirm that its chief concern was time he was strongly influenced It is impossible not to recognize with the souls of individuals and by Plymouth Brethren, but their that the African Negroes are remark- failed to recognize the signifi- interpretation of Scripture did ably gifted from the point of view of cance of what they term the "so- not give that freedom of soul he the arts. Their innate musical dispo- cial gospel." And yet it was dur- associated with Christian fellowsition, the instruments that they have ing this very period that the ship, and he became a member public conscience was awakened of the established church. There to prevailing evils. Wilberforce followed a season of deep mis- in the British Parliament be- sionary zeal coming under the came the protagonist of the slave influence of Dr. Hudson Taylor, trade; Plimsall espoused the and he volunteered for work in cause of sailors and introduced China, and it was while a medi- bills to insure greater safety to cal student in London, in prep- men who go down to the sea in aration for service in China, that ships; the Earl of Shaftesbury young Barnardo received the so identified himself with many. "call" for his life service among philanthropies as to make his the waifs, first in the slums in name cherished in the memory London and later throughout the of the nation; and Dr. Thomas United Kingdom. The incidents Barnardo became no less known connected with his changed life [253]

plans and the early experiences of 1,000 thoroughly trained therefore of great significance: "From conversion till death are frequently thrilling and COll- young artisans. Barnardo was an avowed Evanstitute a romance of city mis- In view of the service of this gelical. But this does not mean that his religion was static. sionary work. Like many others, indefatigable servant of God, Quite the contrary! The evolu- tion of his convictions is appar- Barnardo found "the reward of this great reformer and social ent. In youth, under the influservice more service" and grad- worker, it seems strange that no ence of Brethrenism, he inclined to the belief that the Lord's Taually to his numerous duties was state honor was bestowed upon ble should be open only to the immersed. In middle age, a libadded evangelistic work. him in recognition of his eral non-conformist, he was much less concerned about doc- As his work expanded he be- achievements. But Eng I and trines and dogmas as such: while during his last twelve came conscious of evils requir- never conferred upon him the years, a lay-reader in the Church of England, he was ready to coing legislative action and Dr. coveted prize of her citizens, operate with all, whatever their affiliation, if only they 'loved the Barnardo, the medical home either knighthood or baronetcy. Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity and truth.' " missionary, became the states- These years of unremitting laman reformer. His arduous la- bors were not without oppo- W. R. MOODY. bors were supplemented by the sition. Nothing invites critihsuepavpyortbuorfdehnis owf otrhke, feivnearnciinal- A Merry Mountaineer. By R. W. cism or even bitter opposition Howard. 93 pp. Is. Church Miscreasing calls for his help in like evidences of success. Dr. sionary Society. London. 1931. evangelistic work and consulta- Barnardo experienced trials of This is not the story of a tion with government officials in nearly every character. Reli- mountain dweller, but of a young Englishman, Clifford Harris, plans. The extent of his activi- gious bigotry was perhaps the who, as a teacher in the Stuart Memorial School in Isfahan, ties was almost superhuman. cause of his greatest trial, but Persia, found delight in moun- tain climbing. For three and a "Throughout the forty years of . gossip was also circulating im- half years his work in the school was teaching English, his rescue work it is doubtful if pugning his motives, charging but he also led the boys in ath- letic sports and at the summer he averaged six hours' rest per ill-treatment of the very children camp in swimming and hiking. night," says the biographer, he so dearly loved, and even "and often, for months, he accusing him of misuse of funds It became his custom to go out worked sixteen to eighteen hours entrusted to his care. Through to the villages on the weekly a day." these trials he emerged with Friday holiday, tramping and dragging a sled with his kit and The full results of Dr. Bar- greater public esteem and fully a lantern and slides to show pic- tures on the life of Christ to the nardo's work can never be exonerated in each case. villagers. The call of the vil- lages was to him overwhelming. known. Some idea of conditions To what may the phenomenal He wrote: "These little groups always thrill me; we have so in London's east end early in the success be attributed? Others much to share and give, for their religion has not the same spirit- 19th Century may be realized by have had genius in organization, ual power in it as ours and is not joyful." One secret of his winthe fact that "74.5 per cent of others have had a similar capac- ning personality was his joy- that "radiance" that characterall the children of the slums in ity for unremitting labors, and ized the early Christians. He hoped to make it his life work the metropolis died before their others have had equal training, "to live in the villages among the Persians like a Persian," fifth birthday." One wonders but their labors have not thus even planning to support him- self as a tinker, and also giving how any could have survived the been crowned by any such suc- simple remedies.

terrible unsanitary conditions cess. There may be various an- In the bitter winter of 1930, and moral degradation in which swers, but it is of interest to so many lived. Ignorance, know that to which Dr. Barnar- drunkenness, and all forms of do himself assigned the suc- immorality were widespread. cess. Once, when asked to what In this atmosphere Dr. Barnar- he attributed the extraordinary do found hoards of destitute fact that 98 per cent of those children inured to vice, aban- who had gone from his "Homes"

doned by their natural guardi- to the colonies had made good, ans, and constituting a grave he replied without hesitation, menace to the future as well as "Every boy and girl that goes the present. After forty years from our care I personally inter- he achieved the extraordinary view on their relationship to record of having "fathered sixty Christ. To this I assign every thousand children" whom he had degree of success that has been rescued from the untold evils attained."

and misery of their surround- Even a sympathetic biogra- ings and trained for some useful pher cannot adequately delineate occupation. The modest expendi- the essential characteristics of ture of two hundred pounds his subject. Those of us who grew during his life to an an- knew and loved the great doctor nual budget of $1,000,000, with are indebted to Mr. Bready for an average daily enrollment of the portrayal he has given of 7,000 and an annual migration this great soul. His summing party to Canada and Australia up of Dr. Barnardo's religion is

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

when there was great destitu- the Panjab; and third, the pro- Negro Year Book: An Annual Ency- clopedia of the Negro, 1931-1932. tion, he helped feed 250 starving ceedings of the Presbyterian By Munroe N. Work. 544 pp. people a day. He contracted ty- Centennial Celebration includphus fever, and in delirium he ing three masterly addresses by $2.00. Negro Year Book Publishwas still climbing mountains. Dr. Robert E. Speer, on the ing Co., Tuskegee Institute, Ala- bama.

On the morning he died he said: Founders and the Foundations, All who are interested in the "It will be great up the moun- Elisha P. Swift, and Walter supreme national racial problem tain with Jesus." To quote Lowrie. It was the latter, of the United States will welfrom his last sermon: "Faith Walter Lowrie, who declared in come this new edition of an means a passion, an enthusiasm, 1847: "The Pre s b y t e ria n annual which has won its way as a consuming zeal, that eats up Church is a Missionary Society the standard work of reference everything. " the object of which is to aid in on matters relating to the the conversion of the world, and Negro. The present edition is a ANNIE RHEA WILSON. every member of this Church is distinct improvement on earlier a member for life of said So- ones. The material is new and in- Missions Matching the Hour. By Ste- ciety, and bound to do all in his cludes practically every aspect of phen J. Corey. 8 vo. 184 pp. 50 power for the accomplishment cents. Cokesbury Press. Nashville. of this object." interracial relationship. There 1931. are special chapters on Racial As we read the story of these Consciousness, Discrimination Changing conditions at home great founders who laid the Against the Negro, Segregation, and abroad present a new chal- foundations of a world-wide The Negro and Politics, and the lenge, new needs, new problems missionary enterprise through Progress of the Negro Race, and new opportunities to the the Presbyterian Church, recall both as property owners and in Church of Christ. Dr. Corey, their sacrificial love, noble, un- agriculture and business. Imthe President of the United selfish service, we can not help Christian Missionary Society, wonder why the church today portant inventions made by presents the case briefly, clearly cannot dream as nobly and dare Negroes during the past five and effectively. First he studies as boldly as did these great years are listed as are the names "Missions under Fire" and the predecessors. of those who earned scholastic effectiveness of Christianity it- distinction and are known in the self is challenged. He meets the S. M. Z. world of literature. The progcritics with facts rather than ress of Negro education and of with theories; he challenges the The Friendly Farmers. By Elizabeth the work of the church are enmodern spirit of secularism and Harris and Gertrude Chandler couraging. The statistics are shows the need of the world to- Warner. 12 mo. cloth, $1.00; pa- seemingly accurate and cover day, the need of the Church and per, 75c. Friendship Press. New such matters as the Distribution the ability of Christ to meet York. 1931. of Population, Mortality and these needs. Pastors of all de- Lynching. There is an excellent nom ina t ion s will find this This course for Primary boys account of the Negro in Latinvolume especially suggestive .in and girls on rural life around America, in E u r 0 p e and in preparing sermons on the Chns- the world is written by an As- Africa (pp. 381-435). This sectian solution of some present- sociate Professor in the Ele- ond section is of special interest, day missionary prqblems. It is mentary Department School of because it deals with European particularly designed for mis- Religious Education, B 0 s ton policies in the Dark Continent, sion study classes. University. oShe has prepared the labor problem, forced labor, the pro g ram s and supple- and slavery which still exists ~n mentary material for the nine stories written by Miss Warner, the twentieth century. There IS the author of "Windows in The Centennial of the Western For- Alaska" and other volumes. a bibliography of all work.s re- eign Missionary Society, 1831-1931. lating to the Negro publIshed Edited by James A. Kelso. 234 pp. Leaders of children's work in during the past five years, and Published under the auspices of the the Sunday School or in missi~m­ ary circles, not to mentIOn a d ire c tor y of newspapers, Committee of Pittsburgh Presby- age n c i e s, and org!lni~atio~s. tery. 1931. mothers, will find that these This invaluable matenalls avaIl- This memorial volume con- tales will .open the eyes of boys able in no other place. sists of three parts-first a brief and girls, to their debt, not only S.M.Z.

history of the Western Foreign to the American farmers, but to Mis s ion a r y Society by the the farmers all around the God, the Eternal Torment of Man. By Reverend Thomas C. Pears, Jr., world. Children very much alive Marc Boegner. 165 pp. $2.00. second, a biography and an ap- are happily depicted but we are Harpers. New York. 1931.

preciation of Sadhu Sundar disappointed that the last story The word "torment" is rather Singh, the apostle of the East does not gather up the threads startling in such connection.

and West, who was brought to of the earlier chapters and come The author took it from Marcel Christ through the influence of to a more definite climax. Arland's sentence: "All ques- Presbyterian mission schools in J. C. C. tions revert to a unique problem,

that of God; God, the dreadful burgh Medical Mission Training ism and rural education. This torment of men, whether they School. During his studies in worthwhile study of the situastrain to create him or destroy Scotland Alexander came into tion and the need in Korea is him." vital contact with such spiritual prepared by a Korean woman, giants as Moody, Drummond, dean of a woman's college, who The contents of the book show Balfour, Lightfoot, Boyd Car- presents the problem, considers that the author uses the term penter, Ion Keith Falconer and the forces and methods already "torment" to indicate the striv- Robert Laws of Livingstonia. at work in Korea and other ing after God that was voiced He went to Aden and then to lands, and suggests some ways in Job's cry: "Oh, that I knew Lovedale, South Africa, where in which the Korean problem where I might find Him!" and he found a wife, and then to may be met. Missionaries in by the Psalmist's: "My soul Cairo, before he reached Hebron, other lands than Korea will also thirsteth for Thee, my flesh Southern Palestine, in 1892. find it worthy of study. longeth for Thee in a dry and thirsty land where no water is." Dr. Paterson's thirty years in The Progress of World-Wide Missions. Even after the soul has found the mountains of Judah were By Robert H. Glover, M. D. Ninth God, there are fears that one years of fruitful service, full of edition. 8 vo. 418 pp. $2.50. does not understand and serve interesting experiences and Richard R. Smith. New York. 1931. Him aright, and the tragedies some thrilling adventures proof life are ever raising the vided by war, massacre, robbery This book, which has already troubled que s t ion: Why? and various plots. The life story proved its usefulness, now ap- "Everywhere about us today," is full of information, of interest pears (with six maps) in a resays the author, "we are detect- and inspiration. It is marred by vised and enlarged edition. It is ing the echo of a deepseated un- a perpetuation of one or two trustworthy, readable and ineasiness which is troubling grievances and a desire to de- forming. It covers the world men's souls, and we assent to the fend Dr. Paterson against criti- and is the best recent history of utterance of a contemporary cisms which might better have world-wide missions. To read it thinker: 'More than ever God is been allowed to die. carefully is a liberal education occupying the first place in the in the principles, forces, aims thinking of our youth!' " Marches of the North. By E. Alex- and progress of Christian mis- ander Powell. 8 vo. 311 pp. $4. sions. Dr. Boegner, who is pastor of The Century Co. 1931. the Reformed Church at Passy, The World Dominion. Edited quar- France, and President of the Canada is largely an unknown terly by Dr. Thomas Cochrane, Pro t est ant Federation of country to those outside of the 48. 6d. a year. World Dominion France, discusses the whole sub- Dominion. It is worth knowing; Press. London and New York. 1932. ject thoughtfully, helpfully, and its variety, beauty and producwith documentary references tiveness give the vast sketches Dr. Cochrane, who was for that show a wide range of read- of country and mixed inhabi- some years an L. M. 'S. medical ing. He is in full sympathy with tants an interest to travelers, missionary in China, is rendermodern thought, but he is con- merchants, hunters, agricultur- ing a real service through the vinced that life without God, the ists and missionaries. As an publication of his independent God of whom Jesus Christ was American newspaper correspon- missionary quarterly. This magthe most adequate revelation, is dent and a wide traveler, Mr. azine, and the brochures on varifruitless and yain. The reader Powell shows that he is a keen ous fields, published from time may not agree with every state- observer and a fascinating re- to time, emphasize especially the ment, but he will feel that the porter-as will be recognized by need for reaching speedily the author is earnestly striving to those who have read his "Last unevangelized multitudes in nonset forth truths which for him Home of Mystery"; "Thunder Christian lands, the prime imare not debatable since they are Over E u r 0 p e" and other portance of using Apostolic a part of that revelation which volumes. Here is an exception- methods of proclaiming the God is ever making of Himself. ally readable description of the New Testament Gospel, calling different provinces of Canada- in question the value of large in- A. J. B. its seacoast, rivers, fisheries and stitutions and secular education gold mines. in mission work, and showing Paterson of Hebron. By W. Ewing, the need for faith, courage and M.D. 8 vo. 256 pp. 88., 6d. Clarke Rural Education for the Regeneration dependence on the Spirit of God. & Co. London. 1931. of Korea. By Helen Kittenk Kim, Ph.D. Pamphlet, Ewa College, Seoul, The January issue of World The "Hakim" or medical mis- and Methodist Episcopal Board, New Dominion contains valuable arsionary lived and worked in the York. 1931. ticles on Persia and the Latin mountains of Judah for thirty World, Arctic Canada, A Chalyears. He was the son of David We are just beginning to real- lenge to Youth, and the Solomon Paterson, a Scotch missionary in ize the importance of giving Islands. The magazine is full of Madras, India, where Alexander more attention to rural evangel- interest and stimulates to faith was born in July, 1867. Later and action. the father became for two years superintendent of the Edin-

Books service in 1882. For many years he Announcing a New

was connected with the Vincent Miller Liberating the Lay Forces of Christi. Academy at Soochow. Thoroughly Revised Edition of anity. John R. Mott. 175 pp. $2.00. Macmillan, New York. 1932. *** The Progress of The Foreign Missionary. Arthur Jud- Mrs. S. C. Peoples, for forty years World -Wide Missions son Brown. 412 pp. (13th edition, a Presbyterian missionary in Siam, revised.) $2. Revell, New York. died at Berkeley, California, on J an- By Ih. 1932. uary 12. Rev. Robert Hall Glover. M. D•• F.R.G.S. The Mahadi of Allah – The Story of *** the Dervish Mohammed Ahmed. Home Dlreclor. China Inland Million Richard A. Bermann. 317 pp. $2.50. The Rev. Walter Oettli, D. Theol., Macmillan, New York. 1932. inspector of the Basel Mission since A comprehendYe hislory and .elerence book 1909, died recently of pneumonia at Ihal .hould be in Ihe library 01 eygry one Religion of Old Korea. Charles Alden Berne, Switzerland. He attended the Inleresled in mission.. A slandard and a Clark. 295 pp. $2.50. Revell, New International Missionary meetings at classic written by a r••1missionary slale.man. York. 1931. Crans in 1920 and at Lake Mohonk in 1921, and the first meeting of the "For yeors there has been a growing demand Story of Alaska. C. L. Andrews. $3.50. International Missionary Council at for such. missionorv text-book as this. It I. on Lowman & Hanford, Seattle. 1931. Oxford in 1923. Indispensable work for .il desiring concise In- formc!ltion on every phdse of m;ssion4rv en- The Secret Veld. Francis Carey Sla- *** deavor. It rinRs true to the Gospel Message."' ter. 312 pp. 7s., 6d. Grayson, Mayfair, London. 1932. Dr. Fennell P. Turner, for twenty- -SUNDAY SCHOOL TIMES two years (1897 to 1919) secretary Christ Down East. R. G. Burnett. of the Student Volunteer Movement With Maps, Full Indices, Bibliography, 160 pp. $1.25. Revell, New York. and later (1919 to 1928) secretary 1931. of the Foreign Missions Conference of Etc., Octavo. 418 Pages, $2.50 • North America, died of a heart at- The Development of the Missionary tack in Santa Cruz, California, on Ray Long & Richard R. Smith, Inc. and Philanthropic Institute Among February 9th. Dr. Turner was born the Mennonites of North America. in Danielsville, Tennessee, February 1l! Ea.1 41s1 Sireel. New York Edmund George Kaufman. 416 pp. 25, 1867, and has rendered a remark- Mennonite Book Concern, Berne, able service to the cause of Christ in Personal Items Ind. 1931. many lands. He was a delegate to the World Missionary Conference in (Continued from 2d Cover) Challenged. Caroline Atwater Mason. Edinburgh in 1910, and to the Jerusa- 100 pp. $1.00. Revell, New York. lem Conference in 1928. He had re- Christian Council, the missions and 1932. cently returned from a tour in Asia churches there in regard to the con- as a member of the Laymen's Inquiry tribution which Christian education The Goodly Fellowship. P. L. Garlick. Commission. may make to the welfare of the peo- 145 pp. 2s. Church Missionary ple in Nigeria, the steps necessary to Society, London. 1932. *** make this contribution as effective as possible, an!! the relation of a pro- "Follow Thou Me." George W. Tru- The Rev. Thomas C. Horton, one of gram of Christian education to the ett. 241 pp. $2. Ray Long and the founders and the first superin- plans, intentions and policy of the R. R. Smith, New York. 1932. tendent of the Los Angeles Bible In- government. stitute, California, died at his horne Bible Verses to Memorize. Selected near Los Angeles on February 27th. *** by Helen Miller Gould Shepard. 96 He was for some years an associate – pp. 50 cents. American Tract So- of the late Dr. Arthur T. Pierson in Dr. Wellington Koo has been ap- ciety, New York. 1931. Bethany Church, Philadelphia. Later pointed by the Chinese Government as he conducted a Bible school in St. Minister of Foreign Affairs. Dr. Koo Seventy Other Best Bible Stories. Paul, Minnes.ota, and in Dallas, Texas, carne to America as a boy, took a George Goodman. 278 pp. 3s., 4d. and was instrumental in leading Mr. course at Cook Academy, and was Pickering & Inglis, London. 1932. Lyman Stuart to found the Los An- graduated from Columbia University. geles Institute twenty-four years ago. He has been Premier of China and A Prayer Book for Boys. Compiled He was the founder and president of Minister both to Washington and to by Margaret Cropper. 64 pp. $1. the Fishermen's Club, a men's organi- London. He represented the Chinese Macmillan, New York. 1932. zation for personal evangelism. Government at the Peace Conference in Paris in 1919 and at the Washing- Highways to International Goodwill. *** ton Conference in 1921. While at Walter W. Van Kirk. 190 pp. $1. Cook Academy, Wellington Koo took Abingdon Press, New York. 1932. Bishop Francis Wesley Warne, D.D., an open stand for Christ, but it is not a retired bishop of the Methodist known whether he is now identified Annual Report – American Board of Episcopal Church, who gave forty-one with the Christian Church in China. Commissioners for Foreign Mis· years of service as a missi.onary in sions. 1931. 172 pp. Published by India, died on February 29th in *** the Board. Boston. 1932. Brooklyn, New York, where he has been residing since his retirement in Fred W. Ramsey, Cleveland busi- The Conquest of Gloom. James L. 1928. Bishop Warne was born in ness man who succeeded John R. Mott Gray. 158 pp. 3s., 6d. Marshall, Erin, Ontario, Canada, on December as general secretary of the National Morgan & Scott, Ltd., London. 1931. 30, 1854, received his education in Council of the Y. M. C. A. in 1928, has Albert College, Canada, and in Gar- resigned. The responsibilities of the Obituary Notes rett Biblical Institute, Evanston, Illi- secretaryship will be carried by a nois. Under the Methodist Church of commission composed of five secreta- The Rev. John Newton Hayes, D.D., Canada, he served as a missionary in ries. retired missionary of the Presbyterian Manitoba and in December, 1887, was Church, U. S. A., died on February appointed a missionary of the Meth- *** 10th in Shanghai, China. Dr. Hayes odist Episcopal Church to India, was born in Big Hollow, N. Y., in where he did evangelistic and educa- G. B. Halstead, social director at 1850 and was appointed to missionary tional work among the low-caste peo- Lucknow Christian College, India, ple. In 1900 he was elected a mis- has resigned under pressure of the sionary bishop to India, and in 1920 British-Indian Government because of a bishop of the Methodist Episcopal his alleged outspoken sympathy with Church. Mahatma Gandhi and the activities of the Nationalist Congress. The stu- dents of the college declared a "har- tal," Dr period of mourning, to express their sympathy with Mr. Halstead.

THE MOSLEM

FOR APRIL SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor PERSIA AND SHIAH ISLAM hold a prominent place in the April Number. Dr. Zwemer writes editorially on the Shiah Saints. "Some Bektashi Poets" are introduced by the Reverend J. Kingsley Birge, of Istanbul. The Reverend F. M. Stead of Persia describes the Ali nahi Sect. The evangelicdl fervor of the New Persian Church is revealed by the Reverend William N. Wysh"m. "New Forces in Old Morocco" are discussed by Jdmes Hdlddne, of the Southern Morocco Mission.- Professor Amry Vdndenbosch presents a careful study on "Christianity and Government in the Netherlands Indie…. The important Pdper by Professor Duncan B. Mdcdonald on the medning of Ruh (Spirit) in Islamic Thought, begun in the January issue, is completed in this number. A young Orientalist, Joshua Finkel, writes on "Old Israelitish Trlldition in the Korlln." "'s Islam a Christian Heresy?" is the question discussed by Professor Frank H. Foster of Oberlin.

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The author states the facts clearly and IIppellls to the Church to recognize its obliglltion. and to do its part in bringing men and women into harmony with Christ.

This very interesting and thought-provoking study of Christian Missions presents Missions Under Fire Abiding Aims and Motives Meeting the Critics The Testimo~J. of Results The Challenge of Secularism Jesus in the World's Mind Today The Church's Need of a World Field HERE IS YOUR OPPORTUNITY TO READ THIS BOOK I Through a special arrangement with the publishers we are H Can Y D It? OW Rellew your OWN .ablerlpllon or IIble to offer readers the opportunity to secure the above 0U 0 book ABSOLUTELY FREE. • lend the REVIEW 10. friend for one year, and a.k u' lor. Ir.e eopy of "MISSIONS MATCHING THE HOUR"

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The Missionary Review of the World — March 1932

1932

The Present Missionary Outlook Robert E. Speer How An African Preacher Preaches Mrs. John M. Springer Sotne Recent Changes in Mexico Ralph E. Diffendorfer .

The Dynatnic of Hotne Missions John McDowell

Items Dates to~Remember

Mr. James Frederick Talcott, the March 7 and 8-First Annual Meeting son of the late James Talcott, has of the COMMITTEE ON PROMOTION, been elected president of the American HOME MISSIONS COUNCIL and COUN- Bible Society, succeeding Mr. E. Fran- CIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS, cis Hyde, president for the last seven Fort Pitt Hotel, Pittsburgh, Pa.

years. Mr. Talcott comes to his new Rev. J. S. Stowell, Chairman.

position with a deep interest in the March 7-9-National Conference of work of the society. JEWS AND CHRISTIANS, Washington, D. C. ••• May 2-General Conference of the Rev. Robert O. Franklin, for 17 METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, At- years a missionary in Siam and for lantic City, New Jersey. five years president of Bangkok Chris- May 15-21-CHURCH CONFERENCE OF tian College, has been appointed sec- SOCIAL WORK, Philadelphia, Pa.

Direct Express . .. to retary of the American Bible Society May 18-Annual Conference, METH- in charge of the agency in Siam. He ODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH, Colum- JAPAN succeeds Rev. Robert Irwin, who re- AND tires after 20 years of service. bUB, Ohio.

CHINA • •• May 18-20-THE COMMUNITY CHURCH WOIUa:RS 01' U. S. A., Buffalo, N. Y. Direct because straight Dr. F. H. Otto Melle returned to across. Express because of Empress Germany in November after having May 24-28-A GENERAL SYNODICAL speed. Yokohama is only 10 days traveled through the United States MEETING 01' THE REFoRMED CHtTRCH from Vancouver. Shanghai a short effectively presenting the situation in IN THE U. S., Cleveland, Ohio. 4 days beyond! Germany, especially the interests of May 26-General Assembly, PRESBY- Empress of Russia and Empress TElUAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A., of Asia are the largest and fastest the Theolopcal Seminary at Franlt- Denver, Colo. liners on this route. They offer new forl-on-Mam, of which he is the presireduced fares! May 26-General Assembly, PRESBY- dent. ••• TElUAN CHURCH IN THE, U. S., Mon- Want to go via Honolulu? Em. press ofJapan, the Pacific's largest Rev. Dr. L. Myron Boozer, of Iowa, treat, N. C. and fastest liner, and her speedy running mate, Empress of Canada, has been elected President of the June 2-General Synod of REFORMED tllke this route. The crossing is but CHURCH IN AMERICA, Kingston, ;J days longer. These Empresses Board of National Missions of the N.Y. connectatHonoluluwith San Fran. cisco and Los Angeles sailings. Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., suc- June 16-20-Annual Convention of the WOMEN'S GENERAL MISSIONARY SO- Sumptuous First OIlSS on all Em- ceeding the Rev. Joseph A. Vance, CIETY OF THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN presses ••• a Tourist Class of true "Empress" standard. D. D., of Detroit. Miss Ann Eliza- CHURCH, Columbus, Ohio.

All Empresses sail from Van- beth Taylor of New York was elected couver (where trains go to ship- Vice-president, succeeding Mrs. F. S. side.•• baggage checked through to Bennett. . state-room) and Victoria: ••• June 23-July 4:-COMMITTEE OF THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COUN- Direct Expr~ss Dr. W. W. Yen, the new Chinese Empress of Asia, Apr. 23, June 18 minister to the United States, has CIL, Herrnhut, Germany. Empress ofRussia, Mar. 26, May 21 been for a number Of years the chair- man of the Board of Managers of July 12-17-Annual Meeting, NORTH- Viii Hf»I(JiRiR Yenching University. Empress of Japan, Apr. 9, June 5 ERN BAPl'IST CONVENTION at San Empress ofCanada, Mar. 12,May7 ••• Francisco, Calif. .

Reduced Round Trip Fares. Gipsy Smith, "the world's foremost July ,25-31-WORLD~ SUNDAY SCHOOL Information, your agent, or any evangelist," has recently closed his CONVENTION, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Canadian Pacific office:NewYork, Philadelphia revival campaign of Philadelphia, Chicago. Montreal three weeks. August 23-28-General Conference of and 31 other cities in U. S. and Can. SEVENTH-DAY BAPl'IST CHURCH at (Continued on 3rd Cover) .Adams Center, N. Y. CANADIAN October 18-24:-FIVE YEARS MEETING PACIFIC OF THE FRIENDS, Richmond, Ind.

~ THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS ~ DEPARTMENT OF .ANNUITIES YOUR GIFT NOW WILL BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING OF GIVING WHILE UVING AND THE GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS THA"r YOU WILL HAVE AN INCOME FOR LIFE ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary 156 FIFI'H AVENUE. NEW YORK.

~ PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S.A. .~

Chat THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

The February REvIEw received even a DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor warmer welcome than was given to the Janu- ary number. The list of enthusiastic readers Vol. LV March, 1932 No.3 and boosters for the REVIEW is increasing. Are you one of them? Page Does your pastor take the REVIEW? Is it FRONTISPIECE-Shanghai-and the Present Scenes of Conflict •••• 130 circulated in your missionary society? Are TOPICS OF THE TIMES ••• , ••• , •••• , ..• , ••••••• , .•.•.•• , ••• , ., 131 you taking advantage of the "Effective Ways of Working" so helpfully suggested by Mrs. Opposing Forces in China Mr. Gandhi and Christian Missions Aitchison for increasing missionary interest at home? Studying Foreign Mission Problems BE A BOOSTER ASPECTS OF THE PRESENT MISSIONARY OUTLOOK. . • • • • • •• 135 Here are some of the recent comments on By Dr. Robert E. Speer, Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, our February number: Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

"We wish to congratulate you on the appear- HOW THE AFRICAN PREACHER PREACHES. " , ' •• , '" , •• , ' •• 140 ance of the REVIEW as well as upon its con- tents. The material it contains is very inter- By Mrs. John M. Springer, a missionary of the American Methodist esting indeed." Episcopal Church at Jadotville, Belgian Congo JAMES V. CLARKE, THE CHRISTIANS AND THE JEWS ••••••••.••• , ..•••. , • • • . • •• 144 Managing Editor of the By Max I. Reich of Morrisville, Pa, • • • Presbyterian Advamce. SOME RECENT CHANGES IN MEXICO., ••• , ••• " . " . " ••••••• 145 "You have wonderfully improved the RE- VIEW in its form and its articles." By the Rev. Ralph E. Diffendorfer, Secretary of the Board of Foreign • • • PROFESSOR HARLAN P. BEACH. Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church .

"I like the new form very much and think CHRISTIAN PROGRESS IN PUERTO RICO •.• , •..• " .••••. ,… 147 you have improved the contents. The Febru- ary issue is splendid." By Jarvis S. Morris of San German, Puerto Rico WILUAM R. KING, THE DYNAMIC OF HOME MISSIONS .•••• , •••..• , , , , , , .• , . • • •• 149 Executive Secretary of the By the Rev. John McDowell, D.D., President of the Home Missions • • • Home Missions Council. Council and Secretary of the Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. "The REVIEW in its new apparel arrested my attention at once and I think it is a very great WHAT PROGRESS IN HOME MISSIONS?,., ••• , .• " .• ,.,., ••• 155 improvement. The articles arrest attention." By the Rev. William R, King, D.D., Extracts from the Annual Report MRS. JOHN FERGUSON. of the Executive Secretary of the Home Missions Council President of the ADVENTURES AMONG THE AMAZON INDIANS •••.. , •• , .•••• 159 National Council of A review of "The Challenge of Amazon's Indians" by Mrs. Arthur F. • • • Federated Church Women. Tylee. Reviewea by Dr. Thomas C. Moffett, Secretary of the Com- mission on the Indians of Latin America "I congratulate you on the last two issues of the REVIEW. I like it very much better STUDENTS AND MISSIONARY INTEREST •••.•..•• , . . . . . . , .••• 161 in its new dress." By the Rev. William M. Miller, a Presbyterian Missionary on furlough MILLS J. TAYLOR. Associate Secretary, FACE TO FACE WITH HUMAN WRECKS .• " …• , ….•…•• ,. 163 Board of Foreign Missions, United Presbyterian Church By the Rev. Walter Amos Morgan, Pastor of the First Congregational Church, Chicago, Illinois of North America. WORLD FRIENDSHIP BOOKS FOR CHILDREN • . . . , • . . . , • • . • . .• 166 WHAT IS YOUR REACTION? By Hazel V. Orton, Secretary of Elementary Work, Missionary Educa- Most of the Author8 in the present number tion Movement need no introduction. Do not fail to read the article by Mrs. Springer who has been FAIR PLAY IN LATIN AMERICA ……………………….. 168 for over thirty years a Methodist missionary in Central Africa. American preachers and EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 169 speakers will find some valuable suggestions on how to keep their audiences awake. Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitehison Mr. Max 1. Reich is a Hebrew Christian, WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN, , , , ….• , ….•. , ., 173 a scholar, a man of unusual Christian spirit and a leader among the Hebrew Christians Edited by Helen M. Brickman and Florence G. Tyler of America. OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 The article by Dr. Thomas C. Moffett tells a thrilling and a heart-rending story of the A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events murder of two American missionaries and a little child by Indians in the Amazon valley. OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF, .•••…• , •••. , .•.. , .. , ….•• , 189 The Rev. Wm. M. Miller, a very effective Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information Presbyterian missionary iR Persia, has been spending some months worki-'1g amollg the Publication Office 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana students in North American colleges. He tells Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City interesting facts that he has observed. Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March WHICH ARTICLE DO YOU LIKE BEST? 3,1879.

Every month we are obliged to omit as good Application has been made to transfer to Indianapolis, Ind. papers as we have room to print. LO'Jk for Foreign Postage 50 cents a year these in the coming numbers-for example: 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year "The Rural Situation in Canada." by the Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by the Rev. J. R. Watts. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBUSHING CO., INC, uA Tense Problem in Persia," by Bishop J. H. Linton, Board of Directors "The Effect of a Divided Church on Mis- ROBImT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT SAMUEL M, Z"'EMER sions," by Dr. Cleland B. McAfee. WM, I, CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President MRS. ORRIN R. Juno MILTON J. STAUFFER WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer WM. B. LIPPHARO "Does Christ Approve of Institutional Mis- DELAVAN L, PmRSON, Secretary ERIc M. NORTH A. L. W ARNSHUIS sions 1ft , by Sam Higginbottom.

"Do Missionary Hymns Need Revision 1". by Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer.

"When Burmese Students Preach the Gos- pel," by H. I. Marshall of Rangoon.

"Gandhi and Christianity in India," by C. L. Sury of Simla.

"A Woman FighVng the Devil in San Francisco," a book review by Dr. Arthur J. Brown, WHAT SUBJECT WOTILD YOU LIKE TO SEE TREATED?

– –INTERNATIONAL

SETTLEMENT BOUNDARY – JAPANESE AREA ••••• 31'U U.S.IN~ . AREA 8P.ITISH A P.EA GPOO SCALE OF ~ MILE J"

The above map (adapted from the Herald-Tribune) shows the borders of the International Settlement. French Concession. devastated H Chinese section Chapei. and the old Chinese city. Japanese and other warships are stationed in the Whang Poo River. The Whang Poo forts are several miles to the east. down the river. The Japanese © and Chinese forces are intrenched on either side of Chapei. Hongkew. (Japanese area). is the section of Shanghai in which most of the Japanese reside.

M. (near the British Consulate). = Protestant Mission head- CHINESE- + Quarters. CITY == location of some of the Christian churches.

P location of former Presbyterian Mission Press. beyond which was the destroyed Commercial Press.

St. Johns University (Episcopal) is to the west and Shanghai Uni- versity (Baptist) to the east of Shanghai.

SHANGHAI-AND THE PRESENT SCENES OF THE SINO-JAPANESE CONFLICT

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER THREE MARCH, 1932 Topics of the Times OPPOSING FORCES IN CHINA valuable library and club rooms for employees, A warless war is being fought in the Yangtze and on the presses were printed millions of pages Valley and in Manchuria. No war has been de- of Christian literature every year. The loss to the clared between China and Japan and yet fighting missionary enterprise alone cannot be measured. goes on between the forces of the two nations. The Chinese National Government has appealed The Japanese marines are reported to have into the League of Nations to help settle the dis- vaded and damaged the Chinese School and other pute by peaceful means-since both China and mission buildings of the Methodist Episcopal Japan are members of the League and have Church, South. War vessels proceeded up the signed the Kellogg~Briand Peace Pact and the Yangtze to Nanking where they bombarded Chi- Nine Power Treaty. But Japan seems to be nese forts and landed marines. In spite of apbent on settling matters in her own way-by force peals and warnings from the League of Nations of arms. Council gathered at Geneva, and in the face of strong protests from the American, British, Italian The Manchurian muddle is apparently due to and French governments, the Japanese refuse to Japan's demand for full protection of her subjects withdraw or to cease their military activities until and what she claims to be her rights in the three their purpose has been attained. Possibly they Eastern Provinces and to China's inability to are hoping to obtain a Japanese concession in guarantee such protection. Small mobs in vari- Shanghai, similar to that controlled by the French. ous centers of China have now and then attacked Recent press reports state that the Japanese pro- Japanese subjects and damaged some property. pose international control over five large Chinese Floods, bandits and civil strife have hindered the cities-Shanghai, Canton, Hankow, Tsingtao and maintenance of peace and order. The Chinese Tientsin. They refuse, however, to intrust their replied to Japanese aggression-not by force of nationals to the protection of an international arms-but by declaring a boycott against Japa- force and will not consent to submit the Manchunese goods. rian problem to the League of Nations Commis- This boycott has hit Japan harder than armed sion. resistance. It is an economic war that Japan is As a preliminary to peace Japan demands: not prepared to wage. As a result the Japanese 1. Japan and China shall mutually pledge themselves to non-aggression and guarantee each other's territory. are carrying the military conflict into the heart 2. All forms of anti-Japanism in China, including the of China, sending warships, marines and airplanes boycott, shall be called oft' permanently. to 'Shan~hai, bombarding Chinese forts, dropping 3. Asslirances to be given of the safety of Japanese destru~bve bombs on Chinese sections of the city, lives and property in China. patrollmg the streets, and killing Chinese, even 4. Payment for railways built in Manchuria with Japnon-combatants in the International Settlement. A ruthless and unnecessary piece of destruction anese money, and recognition of existing agreements for was the bombing and burning of the great Com- railway construction in Manchuria.

5. . Recognition of existing treaty rights, including the question of Japanese land leases in Manchuria.

mercial Press in the Chapei district of Shanghai. 6. The withdrawal of all Chinese military forces to a This modern Chinese and English press-owned dista~e of twenty miles from Shanghai.

and controlled by Christian Chinese-was prob- These demands are not extreme and have been ably the largest in Asia. It was equipped with accepted by China, but Japan is not satisfied with modern cylinder presses, linotype machines, bind- the assurances and continues her militarv activ- ers and other up-to-date machinery. It had a ity. In the meantime the lives and property of [131]

American and European nationals are threatened China to a speedy end. The League of Nations and there seems to be danger of embroiling many is itself on trial to test its efficiency and its cournations in this conflict. Meanwhile the Disarma- age in carrying out the provisions of its own Covement Conference sits in Geneva. nants.

Japan is proud and headstrong; her army and In the meantime Christians in Japan, in China, navy are large and efficient and have never yet in America and England are uniting in prayer that been defeated. Her military officers are imperi- God will point the way to right relations between ous and opposition to the forces under their con- men, and that men may have vision and courage trol are looked upon as an insult to their country. to follow His way. Now is the time to show the But Japan cannot afford to go to war with Europe effectiveness of a united movement for peaceor America or to disregard the rights and opin- which is better than disarmament. Best of all is ions of other nations. Already her course has the movement for international, interracial and wrought havoc with her trade, has caused her to national goodwill, based on justice and love under be suspected and to lose friends. China may be the banner of the Prince of Peace. weakened because of internal difficulties, but China is better as an ally than as an enemy. STUDYING FOREIGN MISSION PROBLEMS A force quietly and persistently working for For the past thirty-nine years the executives of peace and righteousness, both in China and Japan, is the body of Christian missionaries. Those in the leading foreign mission boards of the United each land love and serve the nationals among whom they are working. Shanghai alone con- States and Canada have been meeting annually to tains some five hundred Protestant missionaries with their children. They are non-combatants confer on their common task and problems. The and peace makers. These are connected with over fifty American and British missionary societies. churches they represent number about twenty- Most of them reside in the International and French settlements, for Shanghai is the mission- three million members and spend over thirty-five ary headquarters. The total American and European population of Shanghai is forty thousand. million dollars a year in foreign mission work.

Japan and the League The problems and methods have changed greatly Governments feel their responsibility for the in the past forty years; missionaries have insafety and rights of their citizens, even though protection requires recourse to arms. It is to be creased fivefold and expenditures sevenfold. Mishoped that diplomacy, justice and wisdom will prevail; love may be thought to set too idealistic sion boards have been brought into much closer a standard. An international commission-including Japanese and Chinese members-might cooperation through these conferences and the well be intrusted with the settlement of the present difficulties. Such a commission would lessen "science of missions" has developed. . the danger of injustice from prejudice, self-interest and injured pride. The League of Nations From January 12th to 15th this year about two Covenant provides that members of the League shall submit to the Council any dispute likely to hundred and sixty executives and missionaries lead to a rupture and the signers "agree in no case to resort to war until three months ·after the met in Atlantic City. They represented seven award by the arbitrators or the report by the Council." (Article 12.) The Covenant also pro- Canadian boards and eighty-three boards of the vides that "should any member of the League resort to war in disregard of its covenants under United States. In place of platform addresses, the Articles 12, 13 or 15, it shall ipso facto be deemed to have committed an act of war against all the conference resolved itself into a "platform roundother members of the League, which hereby undertake immediately to subject it to severance of table conference" to consider, first, the "Values all trade or financial relations." (Article 16.) and Problems in the Use of Foreign Money" on This very definite agreement is one which, if carried out promptly, would bring the invasion of the mission field; second, the "Problems and Pos- sibilities of Rural Missionary Work"; third, the "Important Qualifications of Missionaries Under Present Conditions"; and, fourth, the "Proposals of the Commission on Christian Higher Educa- tion" on the mission fields. These discussions were unusually fruitful. While the conferences do not legislate, the results of these round-table de- liberations will be reported to the several boards for their consideration and action.

Among the special features of the conference were addresses by Dr. Oscar M. Buck of Drew University on "Present Inescapable Issues"; by Dr. T. Z. Koo of China on "Spiritual Implications of These Issues"; and by Prof. D. D. T. Jabavu of South Africa and Dr. James H. Franklin of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society on "The Meaning of the Cross in the Life of the World Today."

Among the outstanding subjects that require

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

most careful and prayerful thought by missionary an hour. The International Missionary Council, leaders today are the following: through which the Foreign Missions Conference (1) How far shall national Christian churches cooperates with twenty-nine similar groups in mission lands be under foreign direction and throughout the world, also presented its printed assisted with foreign funds? All recognize the report calling attention to some important matters.

necessity for promoting their independence and Resolutions were adopted expressing deep sym- self-support and for developing strong, intelligent pathy with the Kingdom of God Movement in spiritual leadership. Many believe that too much Japan, the relief of suffering in China, the need financial aid has been given in the past and that for the abolition of traffic in narcotics and alco- this aid should be drastically reduced in order to holic drinks throughout the world, and for work promote independence from foreign control. in behalf of world peace and the reduction of (2) How can educational mission work, espe- armaments.

cially in higher education, be made more fruitful The conference appointed a committee of seven- in winning students to Christ and in training teen to study the future program and organization native evangelists and Christian teachers and of the conference. Some advocate the advisability preachers so as to build up strong national of meeting every two years, in place of annually, churches? This question involves the problem of and advise the selection of a less expensive resort non-Christian teachers and pupils in mission for these gatherings.

schools and colleges, government subsidies and The chairman of the conference this year was regulation of these Christian institutions~ and the Dr. A. E. Armstrong of the United Church of use of short-term missionary teachers, many of Canada. For next year the chairman selected is whom have no evangelistic purpose. Dr. P. H. J. Lerrigo, a secretary of the American (3) What type of missionary should be sent out Baptist Foreign Mission Society, who is also today to represent Christ and His Church among chairman of the committee on the future program non-Christian peoples? Shall they be more highly and organization. The chairman of the Committee trained for special tasks than formerly, or shall of Reference and Council is Miss Sarah S. Lyon, more emphasis be placed on spiritual equipment secretary of the Foreign Department of the Naand devotion? The general conviction is that it is tional Board of the Young Women's Christian a mistake to try to reproduce foreign churches Association. This year the Federation of Womand institutions in mission lands. The aim is an's Boards of Foreign Missions met separately rather so to present Christ and His message of at Yonkers.

life that the people of these lands will accept His claims and will follow His teachings in all their MR. GANDHI AND CHRISTIAN MISSIONS activities and relationships, as set forth in the At a meeting between Mr. Gandhi and repre- New Testament. sentatives of the British missionary societies held in London during the Nationalist leaders' attend- (4) Another problem, which is today greatly ance at the recent Round Table Conference, he hampering the work, is due to a decrease in mis- spoke frankly of the reports that have been cirsionary gifts. There is great need to stimulate culated in regard to his attitude toward Chris- Christians at home to deeper interest, more ear- tian missions. He said: nest prayer and more sacrificial giving to advance the cause of Christ throughout the world. The "From youth upwards I have enjoyed the subject of the present shortage of missionary friendliest relations with missionaries throughout funds, which is so embarrassing the work, was the world. In South Africa I came into close not upon the program and there was almost no touch with some of the finest of Christian misreference to it, but between the sessions many sionaries. I attended your churches most regugroups at Atlantic City discussed it seriously. larly and also private prayer meetings. . . . The recent report about my attitude to missions was In recent years this Foreign Missions Confer- an unconscious misrepresentation. I have had ence has been less and less an occasion for the letters from all parts of India and from Engtransaction of routine business or for the passage land and the U. S. A. asking if it was true that of resolutions having to do with interdenomina- I would prohibit all missionary enterprise and estional and international missionary cooperation. pecially proselytizing. What I meant was just Such business is now referred to the Committee of Reference and Counsel, which is highly organ- the contrary. Any suggestion that I should want ized with an Executive Committee and subcom- legislation to prohibit missionary enterprise or to mittees, and which holds several two-day meetings interfere with the beliefs of other people is unduring the year. Their report was presented to thinkable.

the conference and was disposed of in less than "The idea of converting people to one's faith

by speech and writings, by appeal to reason and word is the limitation of thought. There is room emotion and by suggesting that the faith of his for both writing and speech. Though my convic- forefathers is a bad faith, in my opinion, limits tion is strong enough in me for me to die for that the possibilities of serving humanity. I believe conviction, that force does not carry me to the that the great religions of the world are all more goal of believing that the same thing should be or less true and that they have descended to us believed by my fellowmen. I know how impertifrom God. Having come to us, however, through nent it is for an utter stranger to speak to those human media they have become adulterated. . . . to whom the message of the Bible is sacred as life itself. I am speaking to you as a seeker after God, "Whilst I criticise part of the missionary work just as you also are seekers after God. Religion I willingly admit that missions have done indirect is a personal matter, and I am not going to ask good to India. There is no doubt about this. But another man to become a Hindu or a Parsee. I for my having come under Christian influence, am sharing with you my own experience and trysome of my social work would not have been done. ing to show you as fellow workers that probably, My fierce hatred of child marriage and 'untouch- if you could see eye to eye with me, your work ability' is due to Christian influence. I have would flourish more and more. You have amazcome into contact with many splendid specimens ing self-sacrifice. You Christian missionaries of Christian missionaries." are good men. I want to multiply occasions for your service. I want to work closer with you, but The Rev. William Paton, editor of the Interna- I do not want you to get India to change her faith. tional Review oj Missions, read the resolution God is Father to the 'untouchable,' to all of us, passed in 1924 by the Delhi Unity Conference on but He appears to you in another garb. . . . I religious freedom, which Mr. Gandhi helped to adore the same Father though I may not adore draft and which he said still represent his views. him as 'God.' To me that name makes no appeal. The resolutions read: but when I think of Him as Rama, He thrills me. MY' forefathers have known him as Rama, and This Conference is emphatically of opinion that the when I take the name of Rama I arise with the utmost freedom of conscience and religion is essential, same energy. The name 'God', as it is written in and condemns any desecration of places Df worship to the Bible, is contrary to experience. My whole whatsoever faith they may belong, and any persecution soul rejects the teaching that Rama is not my or punishment of any person for adopting or reverting God. Go to the 'untouchables' ; give them schools. to any faith, and further condemns any attempt by com- If anyone were able to show me that God the Fapulsion to convert people to one's faith or to enforce one's ther had to be approached in one particular way own religious observance at the cost of the rights of I would not hesitate a moment, I would go to the others. . . . This Conference records its opinion: whole world, but my life would have to be re- written. My search is for peace and to show God That every individual or group shall have full liberty through the life I live. I give myself to my felto hold and give expression to his or their beliefs and lowmen. This is the secret of peace and happifollow any religious practice, with due regard to the feel- ness also." ings of others and without interfering with their rights. In no case may such individual or group revile the found- A member of the conference referred to the ers, holy persons or tenets of any other faith. command to Christians to go out to all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature. Mr. That every individual is at liberty to follow any faith Gandhi's reply to this was that if the questioner and to change it whenever he so wills, and shall not by believed that these were the inspired words in reason of such change of faith render himself liable to the Bible then he was called upon to obey implicany punishment or persecution at the hands of the fol- itly. lowers of the faith renounced by him. Mr. Gandhi made it abundantly plain that the That every individual or group is at liberty to convert issue between himself and the Christian missionor reconvert another by argument or persuasion but must ary movement lies much deeper than is sometimes not attempt to do so, or prevent its being done, by force, supposed. Mr. Gandhi is desirous only that the fraud or other unfair means, such as the offering of missionaries should be courteous and self-effacing, material inducement. Persons under 16 years of age and should identify themselves with the people of should not be converted unless it be along with their par- the country, but is opposed to the effort to win disents or guardians. If any person under 16 years of age ciples to Christ-something which is fundamental is found stranded without his parent or guardian by a in Christianity. The content of the Christian person of another faith, he should be promptly handed message is not the superiority of a foreign civilover to a person of his own faith. There must be no ization, but is the Person, the Words, the Work secrecy about any conversion or reconversion. and the Power of Jesus Christ.

If Mr. Gandhi Were a Christian "If I were a Christian missionary (and I can enter into the hearts of Christian missionaries)," said Mr. Gandhi, "I would go and work among the 'untouchables,' establishing Christian ashrams among them, with a church in a mud, living among them as God may guide.

"Language fails to convey meaning; the uttered

of the Present

Outlook .-:( , By ROBERT E. SPEER, D. D., New York Secretary of the Board of Foreign Mi.~sions. Presbyterian Church, V. S. A.; author of "Some Living Issues", etc.

T HE clash of Japan and China in Manchuria provoked save as Japan herself manufactured the has turned the eyes of the world again to the provocation. Far East. It is illustrative of the new world The League of Nations has sought earnestly to unity which has come into being, that el;lch coun- find a solution of a problem whose complexity and try has striven to justify itself difficulty are known fully only before the conscience of man- to those who have knowledge kind and each has charged the The whole world is upset. which the general public does responsibility for fault upon Men's attitude toward religion not have. Fair-minded people the other. In the case of large and politics, toward social and must sympathize with 60th naelements in each nation the economical conditions have tions and wish for a just settlecharge is made with undoubted undergone a radical change in ment that will help each nation honesty. In China the student the past twenty years. Should to meet its grievous problems, class has been convinced that we conform our view of the so that both of them will live China was wholly innocent and mission of Christ and the together in friendship and good Japan the indisputable offend- Christian Church to fit some will. fixed standard? In this paper er, while in Japan groups which Dr. Speer deals with some of It is difficult to see how J a- have been clearly sympathetic the present problems in Asia pan's real interests are to be with China's struggle and which and their effect on the present met by military measures or have steadily opposed the mili- religious and missionary out- any territorial expansion won taristic temper, have neverthe- at the price of China's hatred less felt that in the present case look. There is a greater dan- and distrust. Dr. Harold Moulthe whole blame was not on ger that threatens than the ton, President of the Brookings Japan. danger of anti-religious in- Institute and recent adviser of fluences. There are dangers the Japanese Minister of Fi- Japan has contended that she that threaten the very roots nance, set forth this issue in a was only protecting her own of the missionary unde~ak­ speech last November before nationals and treaty rights in ing. These he deals with frankly and constructively. Manchuria, and that China was What is the need of the hour? the Chicago Council on Foreign seeking to use the present situ- Relations. He said: .

ation and the machinery of the League of Nations so to confuse the issue that she From 1920 to 1929 Japan had a period of extraordinary would escape from her treaty commitments. Japan expansion and was able to absorb and support her popucould quote a Chinese, P. C. Hsu, as saying, "China lation in a rising standard of living. The population is will never tolerate the treaty rights that have about 65,000,000 and the increase has been a million a year for the last decade. With the end of economic been based upon the notorious Twenty-one De- expansion the population problem became one of acute mands." concern. Under the present situation 500,000 new workers must be given employment each year in Japan. The popu- On the other side China has contended that these lation increase is one each 15 seconds, or faster than the treaty claims were iniquitous and that Japan has entire merchant marine could carry them away if given seized the present world situation, as she seized this task.

the opportunity of 1915, to take advantage of Dr. Moulton.then took up Japan's colonial his- China's weakness and to invade still further her tory. He showed that Formosa and Korea have integrity and sovereignty; she contends that not proved an outlet for population and that they Japan's present activity in Manchuria was un- are an economic burden. He continued: [135]

What of Manchuria? They have had twenty years of large industries and banking firms have done their share development there. It has not proved a population outlet. in bringing about these changes. There are only 200,000 Japanese there in a population .of thirty million. There is another side to this matter. The old family organization in China was a positive incu- Manchuria is like our middle and northwestern states, bus on individual initiative and social progress. largely a wheat growing country. Japan lives largely on The difficulty today is that the good of the insti- rice. There is coal in Manchuria but the Japanese have tution is going with the evil before any new form sufficient. of family life has been established to conserve this good and to displace this evil. The only form of My conclusion is that the possession of Manchuria by family life that can do this is the Christian, and Japan is of secondary economic importance. Japan w.ould the Christian form is fighting for its very exist- be at a permanent disadvantage through seizure and ence in the West. permanent occupation. Influence on Missions The Japanese people cannot migrate. They cannot com- pete with Chinese and Korean labor. Their great problem The excitement of the Manchurian situation has is to find employment for their people at home. This not apparently closed or constricted in any way cannot be in agriculture. It is only possible in an increase th~ Christian opportunity in either China or in manufactures. Her chief outlets for manufactured Japan. Mission schools and colleges in China are goods are in China and India. Her .only .opportunity is filled and evangelistic missionaries report audito manufacture finished products by skilled labor for sale ences everywhere. In Japan unprecedented ac- abroad. cessibilities are reported. The organ of the King- dom of God Movement reports: This is recognized by most of the members of the parliamentary government. Any possible gain in Manchuria Communism is making tremendous inrQads in student would be more than offset by losses in trade with the centres as well as in the industrial area and amQng the rest of China. The Chinese boycott is a very seriQUS peasant class. The doors, hQwever, are nQt closed to the thing. Christian message. Some weeks ago the writer partici- pated in a campaign in a rural town. Because the church The best interests of Japan, as of all the rest of of the town could not hold the crowds the local committee the world, require friendship and cooperation between Japan and China. arranged to hold the meetings in the auditorium of the public primary school. When I expressed concern as to And assuredly China needs peace and justice. It is an infinite pity that she cannot be let alone whether my message, in which I expected to major on the and wilL not be satisfied to deal with her own in- evangelistic note, would be welcomed in such a place, I ternal problems so as to establi~h unity and order was told that the Principal, although not a Christian, inand a just and prosperous national life. It is sisted that they wanted a religious message and the more tragic that she should have energies and resources Christian the better. and attention drawn away to straighten out foreign relationships when she needs all her thought At the close of the message the local pastor asked that and strength for the enormous tasks of her own decision cards be distributed and while he made a ringing development. The single problem of the family plea f.or decisions a good number .of the audience signed organization and life is tragic enough and it is cards as inquirers. only one of a score hardly less important. Mr. Chang, Chinese Consul General in San Francisco, The holding of a Christian evangelistic meeting, closing has written of this: with an appeal for decisions, in a Government Primary School is something which never could have happened Of the many changes in China. wrought by the forces anywhere in Japan a few years ago. It shows the turn which have been brought into play by the impact of .of the anti-religious tide which has been running with Western civilization, none has had such a far-reaching such tremendous force during the past fifty years among effect on the present Chinese social structure as the the intellectuals and educational leaders of the Empire. passing .of the family system. Admittedly, China is the last stronghold of the old family system, but even Two weeks later, the writer was asked to help in a camhere it must give way to the disintegrating force of the w.orld's industrial revolution. Its origin practically lost paign in two churches in an industrial centre. Never in the mist of antiquity, the Chinese family system has during almost thirty years in Japan have I seen so many been handed down through many centuries virtually in- laboring men in a Christian church, wearing their worktact. The reason for this is that Chinese civilization has ing garb marked with the emblem of their trade. At the been built on the basis of the family. All ancient records close, one-fifth of those present responded to the invitation of history give credit for the establishment of matrimonial and signed cards as inquirers. In the other church the rites to Fu Hsi, the legendary emperor who ruled China building was packed with y.oung people from a neighbormore than 5,000 years ago. The use of the family sur- ing factory. names came into existence at about the same time. It may therefore be said that patriarchal society in China, The Kingdom of God Movement reports meetas well as the Chinese family system, came into being ings in 1930 attended by 265,000 people, with during this period. The centralization of the chief in- 13,837 signing cards as inquirers. For the past dustries in the cities and towns has been the main cause six months of 1931 there were 157,942 in attendof the breaking up of the family system. Emigrations to ance at the meetings, and 8,842 cards signed. the less congested parts of China and even to other countries, the improved means of transportation, and the .or- The Manchurian incident, as already indicated, ganization of agencies in various parts of the country by has shown afresh the unity of interest which now binds together the whole world. The late Profes-

ASPECTS OF THE PRESENT MISSIONARY OUTLOOK

sor Giddings of Columbia contended that the fun- most vital to the world's life and to the cause of damental sociological principle was "conscious- human unity. This truth ought to be the clearest ness of kind." Kin-consciousness now takes in and the most welcomed truth, namely, the prin- not only one's own race or nation but all human- ciple of full religious liberty, of complete freedom ity. Ramsay Macdonald, in closing the debate on for the spirit of man. There are now more as- the speech from the throne when the new Parlia- saults on this principle than for many a year. It ment assembled on November 10, pointed out that has been flatly and tyrannically rejected in Russia.

the separatist economy of the nations was "crazy." It has been threatened and abridged in China.

He said that the only hope of Great Britain and Nationalism has limited it in Turkey. In the of the world lay in "the necessary international natural reaction against oppressive clericalism conferences and negotiations." New understand- some of the Latin American states have denied ings must be reached and "every nation in the basic religious rights, and even in India Mr.

world must be a party to the agreement." Even Gandhi and Mr. Natarajan have decried the lib- Senator Borah said, what is obvious now to all erty now permitted for free religious discussion rational men but what until recently only mis- and propaganda. Mr. Gandhi later took pains to sionary people declared, speaking in Carnegie Hall say that he would never wish to have his disap- on May 5, 1931: "Our country cannot escape from proval enacted as law, but Mr. Natarajan openly this deep trough of depression and at the same appealed for the prohibition by statute of all ef- time leave the balance of the human race behind. fort on the part of Christianity, at least, to divert We have our own immediate problems.. We have Hindus and Moslems from the ancient faiths of our own immediate work before us. But in a India. He forgot, however, as the Christians of larger sense the prosperity of the United States India have pointed out to him, that Christianity depends upon the prosperity of other peoples. was in India long before Mohammedanism, that Anything like general and durable prosperity it is as truly an ancient faith of India as Islam, must be had in connection with the rest of the or some sects of Hinduism, and that it has the world." third largest body of adherents in India, exceed- But this common interest of the world cannot ing the Sikhs and, in India proper, the Buddhists be expressed in mere commercial or economic as well.

terms. The new Ambassador of Peru to the There is no danger in India of the abridgment United States, Don Manuel de Freyre, spoke of by law of the right of religious liberty, both of this at an address to the Pan-American Society: worship and of proclamation. The Nehru Report It goes without saying that business is indeed a very gave assurance of that in its proposed constitu- important factor in uniting countries that live far apart. tion. And the agreement of the five minorities at . . . But to join men together does not necessarily mean that they will get on well together. . . . Friend- the recent Round Table Conference provided: ship stands on a higher plane. It would not be honest to deny that certain barriers between North and South Full religious liberty-that is, full liberty of belief, Americans do exist. . . • We should become acquainted worship, observances, propaganda, associations and educawith not only our material needs, but our spiritual needs tion-shall be guaranteed to all communities, subject to as well. The souls of our nations should come in touch the maintenance of public order and morality. No person one with another. Externals are quickly seized; the hidden shall merely by change of faith lose any civic' right or reactions of the mind and heart are more elusive elements. privilege or be subject to any penalty. The right shall be given to establish, manage and control, at their own Indeed, as has been often pointed out, our mate- expense, charitable, religious and social institutions, schools and other educational establishments, with the rial interests and the relations founded upon them right to exercise their religion therein. The Constitution are the most brittle of all bonds. Kipling's "Peace shall embody adequate safeguards for the protection of of Dives," embodying the idea of the irrefragable religion, culture and personal law and the promotion of value of economic relationships, was exploded with education, language and charitable institutions of the minority communities and for their due share in grants the other axioms of our materialistic civilization given by the State and by self-governing bodies.

in the World War. The only real unity of the But more important than any paper agreements world is biological and spiritual. The missionary are the facts of life. There is not and there never enterprise embodies it with the doctrine of inter- will be, unless India becomes Christian, a unity of racial respect and equality and its sanctions religions in India. So long as there is no unity springing from its conception of one God and the different groups will require and secure tole- Father of all and one Saviour for the common ration and freedom. And when Christianity beneed of mankind. comes the dominant religion, toleration and free- The Principle of ,Religious Liberty dom will be of necessity guaranteed. The missionary enterprise has more to fear It is a strange fact that there is increasing from other influences than from the threat of the blindness across the world to the truth which is abridgment of religious freedom. This threat is

a hopeless battle against God and time. The road it is because that is not believed; it is because the disto martyrdom is always open to those to whom tinctiveness and exclusiveness of the Christian religion has truth and freedom are more than life. The greater been allowed to fade to a certain extent .out .of men's dangers lie in ideas and attitudes that cut the minds, that the CDmpulsive attraction of the Christian faith is less felt at hDme, and that the men are not coming roots of the missionary undertaking, because they into the Church by whom the work of missions .ought to cut the very roots of Christianity. What are these be done. ideas and attitudes? The late Professor James These are things that need to be said in the Denney summed them up in his downright way in plainest way today against the adulation of Mr. his address at the Edinburgh Missionary Confer- Gandhi and his exaltation to a place with Christ and against the preparations that are even now ence in 1910: making in India for his apotheosis. The Hindu- First of all I would say that the Church must have stan Times of September 17, 1931, closes an edia revived and deepened sense that God has given us torial on "Gandhi-The World Teacher" with the something wonderful and incomparable in giving us His words: Son. A great part of the weakness .of the Church con- sists in or arises out of the diffusion in it .of a kind of If the manner in which he has captured the hearts of Christian secularism. There are large numbers of people the Western people is any indication .of the future, it is in the Church at home to whom the Church is something quite pDssible that while his present visit may mark the of-I was going to say exactly, but at all events .of very culminatiDn of his political career, it may als:o inaugurate much-the same kind as a great many other institutions the beginning of a greater and more gloriouR career, that exist fur the ameliDration of society. They can be- namely, of a saviDur not .only of the teeming milliDns .of long to a Church as they belong to any other society that India, but of the teeming millions of the world. Has not does the world good, but they dD nDt feel under any obli- the saint of Sabarmati much in commDn with the Saint gation to belong to it. of Galilee?

Very often the distinctive and specific things that ought The Allahabad Leade'f on August 12, 1931, to characterize the Church, that :ought to be prominent quoted from an Indian paper an article by Ramasin its testimony, that ought to be the testing things of its wanis Aiyar entitled "Gandhi and Christ–Each life-the forgiveness of sin and the presence .of God in Christ and the indwelling of His Spirit and the reality Is Practically the Other." A mass of such litera- .of eternal life-these things are nDt the things that are prominent, but they are dulled and in the background ture has appeared both in India and in the West. somehDw, and the sDuls of men do not live in these things, Mr. Gandhi is not Christ, nor is he a Christian, but in a kind of gODd wDrks such as they might dD any- though he is a good man and ought to be a Chris- where else in the world as well as there. tian. But he is no evidence that Denney's view of There is anDther thing that goes to weaken the Church Christianity is not true. It is the New Testament -and sometimes, strange tD say, it is supposed tD be a view. It is the historic Christian view. It is the reflex effect .of the wDrk .of fDreign missiDns themselves. 'true view. And the Christ of the Gospel is to be There are .other religions in the world beside .our .own, and made known to all men and all men are to be in- YDU are familiar with the idea that those other religiDns have a place and functiDn in the prDvidential gDvernment vited and entreated, "beseeched" as St. Paul said, of the world. The whole question of the existence of to become His disciples, to accept the redeeming other religi.ons and .of their relatiDns tD the Christian deed of God in the Gospel and to help build religion and .of their relative right tD exist and tD function Christ's Church and Kingdom in all the earth. in the life .of the world, is SD difficult a question in- tellectually that many peDple make it an excuse fDr Missionary Propaganda refusing tD interpDse in such a cDmplicated situatiDn, and even begin tD say to themselves sDmething like what If this is propaganda, then it is exactly the Ezekiel heard the Israelites say nearly six hundred years business for which the Christian Church was esbefDre Jesus came, "We will be like the heathen, like the tablished and exists in the world. There is a great families of the countries, to serve wood and stone." Peo- deal of loose and unexamined thinking and speakple say tD themselves, "Weare not going to interfere in ing today on this matter. "Propaganda" is dethis; we will leave the whole affair to PrDvidence tD work it out in its own way; we will not assert anything intDI- nounced and the whole missionary conception of erant .or exclusive in .our faith; we will take .our chance and sink Dr swim with mankind." That kind .of feeling the New Testament is decried as imperialism. We has tainted the mind .of Christendom, and even the mind are told that Christianity is no longer to be con- ceived as the final and absolute and exclusive reof the Christian Church. Now thDse two things have done a great deal to weaken ligion, but only as one of many, and that our busi- the Church, and I believe we need in the home church ness is to "share," not in the sense of sharing preaching directed against them bDth; preaching that will Christ, but in the sense of interchanging ideas bring out what is distinctive and peculiar in the revelatiDn with the non-Christian religions and setting up a that GDd has given us in His SDn, preaching that will pantheon which will contain Christ, to be sure, make men feel that we cannDt evade the responsibility .of that incomparable gift that God has given, preaching but also Buddha and Mohammed and all the that will make everybody feel that the difference between the Christian and the non-Christian attitude tD Jesus is "prophets." Men may hold this view now as they not the difference of mDre or less, or the difference of have held it before, but they may not call it Chrisbetter or worse, but the difference of life or death. And tianity, nor will they find in it the dynamic to

produce the "saints, apostles, prophets, martyrs" and Jerusalem reaffirmations of the historic belief whom the Church has known in the past. In his of the Church. And on those convictions they rest recent Yale Lectures on Preaching, entitled "Jesus the missionary movement today. The fact is that Came Preaching," Dr. Buttrick sets forth a differ- the great body of our Christian people in many of ent view. He said: our denominations distrust some of the leadership of today, because they think it would shift the To the apostles, Jesus, by their experience of Him, missionary enterprise away from its foundations was alone. Phrase it as you will: f.or them Jesus had on the New Testament conception of the Gospel. His .own relationship with God-and He was as far Those missionary agencies and activities will best above a pantheon as the heaven is ab.ove the earth. He weather the present storms and move out into came tQ have absolute value f.or them. . . . The Gos- larger things which satisfy their constituencies pel is an eternal Gospel, from everlasting to everlasting that they are holding fast to the faith of the the overture of God to men in Jesus Christ, and like Him fathers and that fearlessly bring that faith to bear who inscribed it in the ink of His blood, "the same yester- on new problems, new tasks and with ever new day, today and forever." and living adaptation.

William Newton Clark set forth in his "Study For this position today there is ever abiding of Christian Missions" this New Testament con- and ever enlarging need and opportunity. The ception in its bearing on the duty of the Church Church wants the real Gospel preached. And it frankly to go out and to win the world to a faith is the real Gospel that the world needs. Idolatry in Christ different from men's faith in other re- is not mere symbolism. It is the worship of idols ligious teachers, because Christ is different and and needs to be in part destroyed and in part subalone and His religion is different and unique. limated by the knowledge of the God who is Spirit and Truth. Suffering and want are real- in But the question is raised whether this faith is China with its famine, in India with its poverty, any longer held by the Church at home. Dr. Den- and in Africa with its disease. Let anyone read ney intimates that it was waning and that with its Albert Schweitzer's "The Forest Hospital at Lamwane the missionary passion goes out. A recent barene" and he will have a first-hand authentic publication of the Foreign Missions Conference of picture of human misery. There has been too North America asks: much glossing over the facts of the world's abys- mal need of what, in history past and present, The Jerusalem Conference postulated the Message as does not come into human lives or human society f.ormulated by the Lausanne Conference. In what meas- apart from Christ and His influence. ure, if any, is the difficulty today connected with the postulates of misswns? Is the future of missions tied up The present-day issue is whether the Church will continue to hold the Gospel which can meet with: this need, the Gospel of God's redeeming love and a. The continued emphasis and re-emphasis of the long- salvation, and build its missionary enterprise upon accepted bases of motivation as found in the inher- it. There will be some earnest men and women ited standards of faith? or, who will not do so, who will believe that the time b. A discovery of the pre-suppositions actually implicit has come to supersede or reconstruct this Gospel in the present-day thinking of the constituencies at and the world mission built on it. But there will home, and the implication of these positions with also be earnest men and women and Christian respect to efforts to meet human need abroad? Are churches and missionary agencies that will seek we to try to build missionary motivation on the pre- to meet the issues of the new time in new ways, sumptive .or on the actual faith .of church people? but with the same Gospel with which Paul went off across the Roman Empire, and with which In other words, were the Lausanne and J erusa- Cary and Duff laid the foundations in India and lem Conferences wrong in adhering to the historic David Livingstone lifted the sombre fringes of the and New Testament view of Christ and the Gos- night in Africa-the old and ever new, the everpel; ought we now frankly to recognize that these lasting Gospel. old postulates are forsaken and try to build the missionary enterprise on whatever attitudes and opinions we find now current in the Church? Some are seeking to do this. There are others who do not believe that the song about the "faith of our fathers" is to be mere words. They hold as their own the convictions embodied in the Lausanne THE TECHNIQUE OF BEING A CHRISTIAN Dr. Stanley Jones tells of a lady who became a Christian and asked: "Now what are you going to do with me? What is the technique of being a Christian?"

Dr. Jones was not prepared to answer at once, but now he feels that he can reply to such a searching question. India has taught him that .one must "disentangle Christ from the accretiQns which the centuries had gathered arQund Him" so that faith may be "simplified and centered in a persQn." A second .outstanding lesson he learned is that the SermQn on the Mount "constitutes the technique of being a Christian," that it must be made the Christian's working philoSQphy .of life. The goal that it sets befQre man is "tQ be perfect or complete as the Father in heaven is perfect .or cQmplete." Ho"W the African Preacher Preaches 🙁 By Mrs. J. M. SPRINGER, Jadotville, Belgian Congo j:: .• Missionary 0/ the American Methodist Episcopal Church •.

A T the recent Kassai-Katanga Sectional Mis- audience as well, by shouting munyayi. It was I"l.. sionary Conference held in Elisabethville, inexplicable to me, but it was perfectly evident that it had a particular significance to the natives, the discussion regarding the emerging who became instantly all attention. Native Church had a large place. There was no disagreement among the thirtY delegates from the "I knew," continued Mr. Fisher, "that munyayi eight different societies represented as to the was the name of a certain fungus growth on trees, progress that was being made among the Africans but what it had to do with sin in this sermon, I toward a self-sustaining church, and plans to could not imagine." bring about the consummation of that desirable state were discussed with intense interest. Later, when he had the evangelist alone, Mr. Fisher learned the whole story and wondered that Among these missionaries, one alone belonged he had never thought of its application before. In to the second generation. Mr. Singleton Fisher of their folk lore the munyayi, after it attaches itself the Garanganze Brethren Mission is the son of to the tree for a long time and has got its nutri- Dr. Walter Fisher, who pioneered this country as tion from the tree, becomes rotten at the heart a contemporary of Frederick Arnot, who married and loses its power to cling to the tree. Then it Dr. Fisher's sister. Arnot's strenuous pioneering cries out to the tree, "'See, I am falling, falling; experiences took heavy toll from him and he died don't push me off!" The tree replies, "I am not years ago, but Mrs. Arnot is still in Africa and pushing you off; it is your rotten heart that is the was present in May, 1931, at the jubilee commem- cause of your falling." orating the setting out of Mr. Arnot for Africa in 1881. On another occasion Mr. Fisher heard a native preaching to the people about their need of God Having been born in Africa, learning to speak and calling on them to love Him for His own sake. a native language before he learned his mother's Any native will acquiesce most cheerfully to this tongue, Mr. Singleton Fisher was able to make a outwardly, while inwardly making the mental valuable contribution to the discussion from his reservation that that is just a white man's notion own experience. and not pertaining to the life of himself at all. So they listened with their accustomed politeness "It is my profound conviction," he said, "that till suddenly they were startled into genuine inthere will be a strong African Church in the fu- terest by the word Sansembo. ture and that we are on the eve of tremendous things." He went on to say that though he was The preacher did not recount the story of Sanborn in this country and had lived among the sembo, for there was no need. The word itself Africans so many years, he had of late been sur- was enough for them to see the application to the prised to find the native evangelists launching out text. on new and independent lines, reaching the people with illustrations totally outside of his own ken. Sansembo, so runs the legend, was a mighty hunter. But one day while he was living far, far "The native still needs far, far more training from the land of his father's people, a plague than he has ever had up to the present – in the swept over the country-possibly smallpox-and Bible, in church history and in many other things. swept away all of his family, so that he was left But given those, with the native background so alone. This being the case, he thought he would familiar to him, he is able to present the Gospel go back to the tribe from which he sprang and message as no missionary can possibly do. hunt up some of the relatives there. A native especially wants his own kin with whom to live. "For example: We were having a service one day out in the villages and one of our evangelists But Sansembo was shrewd of wit as well as was preaching on sin. The natives were not par- clever with the gun, so he decided to test these ticularly interested, for the sense of sin is notably relatives and see who was who and which ones lacking in the native consciousness. All at once were worth cultivating. He took a small boy along the young man startled the missionary, and his who spoke two languages, the one of the distant [140]

HOW THE AFRICAN PREACHER PREACHES

PROTESTANT MISSIONARIES OF EIGHT SOCIETIES, IN CONFERENCE AT THE WALLACE MEMORIAL CHURCH ELISABETHVILLE, BELGIAN CONGO tribe where he had been living and also of his The boy ran ahead of them and toldSansembo father's tribe. The lad was to conceal the fact what the people had said. When they came to that he understood the latter language. Sansembo and the meat and found the gun intact, When he reached the first village of his father's people, he was greeted and welcomed most effu- they turned on the lad and berated him soundly sively, for the news had spread that he was a for having broken their hearts over the account mighty hunter. They begged him to settle among them, but he made no promises. of Sansembo's death. They told Sansembo how greatly they rejoiced that he was still alive and One day he said that he wanted to go hunting, but he had lost his gun on his long journey, and how they were his devoted relatives and they asked to borrow one of theirs. He wanted the best gun in the village. With some slight hesitation wanted him to live with them always. they let him have it and he went off and bagged his game. But Sansembo gave them back the gun and On his return, instead of entering the village, told them to cut up the meat for themselves. It he stopped some distance out on the veld and sent the small boy to tell the villagers that Sansembo was evident that all they wanted of him was the had shot an eland and a roanbuck. They shouted meat that he could get for them. So saying, he with joy at the news. "But," added the boy, "the pursued his search for more desirable relatives, gun burst." At that news the people began to following the same plan, and with the same regrumble irritably. "And Sansembo himself is sults, until at last one village was found where, dead," the boy concluded. when the lad told the people the story, tliey wept and cried, "What do we care for the gun? We can "Served him quite right," they retorted angrily never eat that meat because of our sorrow at losto one another, "for breaking the best gun in the ing Sansembo. Show us where the body is and we village. We will go out and get the meat and have will go and bury him like a chief and weep for that much, but we wish he had never come here." him for a month as he so deserves."

They were" in genuine grief over his loss. So Sansembo knew that he had found real kinsfolk who loved him for his own sake.

SINGLETON FISHER OF THE GARANGANZE MISSION, Then he went to Saveye, an evangelist-teacher, CENTR:AL AFRICA who called in some of the Christians and they prayed with him till he found forgiveness and The preacher proceeded to press the matter cleansing from sin. Ever since, Ndakala has been home on the people as to whether they had really an ardent witness for Christ and a very efficient ever loved God for His own sake, or were merely soul-winner. trying to get all the benefits they could from Him and wanted nothing more. Such an illustration Then there was Lucy. She had been converted was obvious to the dullest old heathen in the as a child in the Methodist Mission. According to village. Incidentally, it is also an illustration that custom, her parents had married her to a trader would not come amiss in some of our most exclu- when she was still scarcely more than a child. sive churches in America. The trader had once been a Christian, but had so backslidden that he hated the very name of Christ An illustration something like this pierced the and everything pertaining to religion. sodden brain of Ndakala, who was an addict of hemp-smoking till he had seemingly lost all moral Lucy and her husband travelled around from and human sense. He came upon a native who village to village, selling their wares. Lucy rarely had a New Testament, and as it was read to him saw a Christian and was much less able to attend he became strongly convicted of sin. He had church. Finally they drifted onto the railroad heard the missionary preach what was probably construction, where there was plenty of money in a much better sermon many times, but he had circulation, and Lucy's husband settled down for merely thought, "Oh, that is just the white man's a time. religion; it has nothing to do with me," Here Lucy found a woman by the name of Fo- After some days of agony over his sins, he toma, who used to call all the women together to sought out a devoted Christian and began to tell have meetings. As Lucy heard her speak, the him what a wicked man he had been. The native dying embers of her soul were quickened into a Christian went on calmly working at his job as a blaze of love for her Saviour. She had learned to carpenter and after awhile remarked laconically, read and write at the mission and now Fotoma "It is not your sins that is the matter with you, told her that the first thing she must do was to but sin." buy aNew Testament. When the native colporter came around, she bought a hymn book and a Tes- Ndakala went away more stricken than ever, tament, and as she read the Gospels her heart and for two weeks wept and prayed without any became so overcharged with joy that she had to relief. find an outlet and began to testify to those whom she met. This made her husband so furious that he gave up his flourishing trade and took Lucy far away from "that ranting crowd."

However, Lucy kept right on testifying and tell- ing about Jesus in the heathen villages where they were. Many reviled and jeered at her, but she was not dismayed. She worked hard every day in her garden, just like the other women, but she began to work early and finished early and then went forth evangelizing. Finally she ran across two young men who had also been at a mission and had backslidden after they returned to their vil- lages. As they heard Lucy they, too, were smitten and turned again to Christ. A large stream of converts has followed.

What the African Preacher Needs Mr. Fisher concludes his interesting story: "We must give the natives the best we have, especially of the Bible. We missionaries need to be saturated with the Bible.

"But we must not only give them a thorough introduction to the Bible, especially of the stories and facts, but we must teach them the facts of Christian history, notably the accounts of the martyrs and of devoted followers of Christ. They

need as much as we can give them of general A faint touch of white clay shows that it has knowledge, of elementary science, etc. It is not so come from a certain stream and is headed toward much that we should teach them all that is in the some feeding grounds on ahead. Further he reads Bible as that we must train them to get out of it that it is a female and that she has five little ones for themselves the nourishment it contains. with her, but the male was not with her. All this he gathers from a broken leaf or twig which first "You can trust the native to make deductions. caught his eye. He is well trained in that process. He is called on to draw his deductions from the slightest factors "The native pastor needs to be so inducted to that are wholly beyond the range of the white Bible study that he can draw his own illustrations man. first hand. He needs a good background of church history and he needs to learn many, many things DEMAS CHAMA. AN AFRICAN PREACHER. AND HIS FAMILY from the missionary by example as well as by word of mouth. It is the emerging native pastor "For example: A man is walking along the who must and will eventually lead his own people trail and sees a broken leaf on a shrub. To us it and head up the emerging Native Church." is only a broken leaf. To him there is the deduction that a wild pig has recently passed this way. There is, however, still a very pressing need and ample scope for all the missionaries now on the field and for many more in order that we may do this necessary training of evangelists for the great demand that is being made for them. The Christian Church is not keeping pace with the increasing population. There are actually more heathen in Central Africa today than there were fifty years ago when Arnot and Swan entered the country, in spite of the fact that then there was not a single native who had even heard the Gospel and now there are thousands of native Christians. The native pastor must truly increase, but he can not go forward unless he have the missionary be- hind him to prepare him for the work of getting his own deductions out of the Bible. The Word of God must first be put into his language by the missionary and then taught and the historical background given him.

God speed the day when the Church at home will realize this tremendous need for more mis- sionaries.

LORD IRWIN ON MISSIONS It is a common thing to hear the work of Christian missions disparaged. Generally the work of disparagement is done by those who have no knowledge of the facts, who probably never read a book on missionary work, never contributed a cent to the support of missions nor breathed a prayer for the extension of Christ's Kingdom throughout the world. It is those who are most vitally in contact with the work of missionaries who are the greatest supporters of them. They see the work of the Lord in heathen hearts, they see His arm bare in saving and redeeming power, they see lives changed, redeemed and sanctified, and souls saved for time and eternity. These facts are apparent to everyone who cares to take the trouble to investigate. It is the stay-at-home arm-chair critic who shuts his eyes blindly to the blessed results of the Gospel preaching around the world who "does not believe in missions."

Recently Lord Irwin, former Viceroy of India, addressed a gathering in London and paid a striking tribute to the work of the missionary in that great land. He said among other things– "While I was Viceroy I was able to see a good deal of their work, and appreciate not only its moral and social results, but the spirit in which it was conducted. Among outcasts and lepers, among criminal tribes, or aboriginal dwellers in jungle tracts, in crowded cities and remote places in the hills, I have seen men and women slaving devotedly to translate the message of Christ into the practical language of Him who went about doing good. In spite of the tragedy of disunity within the Christian ranks, they are doing work of quite incalculable value to India, and their most powerful sermons are in their' lives."

Evangelical Christian.

Christians and the Je-ws

..q! I By MAX I. REICH, Morrisville, Pa. J: ..

~~~~~~~~~==~~==~==~~~ C HRISTIANITY is a divinely instituted mis- Church is the daughter to the synagogue. Has she sionary religion. The Church of Christ be- always been a respectful daughter? The Church's lieves that she has been entrusted with a approach to the Jew must necessarily be different wonderful message to all peoples. To make an from her approach to the nations of the heathen exception of any particular nation is to be untrue world. For "salvation is of the Jews," and if sal- to her calling and to harm her deepest life. vation has come to the Gentiles, it is "to provoke Yet voices are heard today saying that the them to jealousy." So far Gentiles, professing Christian Church ought to make such an excep- that salvation, have failed to make the Jews tion with regard to the Jewish people. "jealous." They have given them the impression Time was when the attitude of the so-called that Christianity is a gentilish fabrication instead Christian world towards the Jews living within of the fulfilment of the deepest quest in the Jew- her borders was that of unfriendliness. Grave ish heart.

wrongs were committed against that people, The religion of Christ is not intended to be the wrongs that were sanctioned and even encouraged destruction of Judaism, but its glorious fulfilment by those claiming to represent the Christian and transfiguration. It should not detach Jewish Church. Is it to be wondered at that, as a result, believers in the Messiah, foretold in their own the Gospel message was prejudiced in Jewish Scriptures, from their people, but rather it should eyes? We may even say that during the dark make them Israelites indeed.

centuries, when the so-called Christian world It is far better to be a good Jew than a poor penned up the Jews in filthy ghettos, there was Christian. We have, perhaps, been too anxious to more real piety and purity of life inside the ghet- "convert" the Jew. Rather awaken the God- tos than outside. consciousness in his soul, so that he will seek to But should the Christian Church of today de- rediscover the secret of the prophets, the psalm- cide to withhold from the Jewish people the mes- ists, the saints, the seers and mystics of his won- sage of salvation in the Messiah, who is the true derful past. That will put him in the way that "Glory of Israel"? Even though Israel does not leads straight to the greatest self-revelation of the yet see that glory, Christians would commit a God of Israel-the Messiah.

greater wrong against the ancient People of God Many of the modern missionary methods, which than when the Church systematically persecuted our Jewish brethren so deeply resent, may hinder and oppressed them. rather than help forward the attainment of this What are the facts? The mass of the Jewish goal. Perhaps we may have to change our meth- people today are religiously adrift. Hundreds of ods. But should we also change the original char- thousands of them are either altogether irrelig- ter of our commission, to testify to both Jews and ious or are seeking to slake their spiritual thirst Greeks, repentance towards God and faith to- by turning to strange shrines and drinking of wards our Lord Jesus Christ?

alien streams. The synagogue no longer meets Let us rather hasten the day when it will be their need. Judaism is felt to be a misfit in our possible to have a Jewish-Christian community, modern world. inside the environment of Jewry, and in loving Is the Christian Church to be blamed or to be touch with everything Jewish, and recognizing all commended if she says to these Jews not only, the "good" there is in the synagogue, but a com- "Come and join our quest for God and truth," but, munity that is able to demonstrate by transfigured "Come and share our discovery"? lives the "better" things that are found only by There is another side to the question. The union with the living Christ.

[144]

Recent Changes In

By the REV. RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER, D. D.

New York ):-.

Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church T REMENDOUS changes have taken place in long been teaching that human welfare is an es- the social, industrial, rural and educational sential part of the program of Jesus. life of the Mexican people. There are evi- Protestant churches have gained in leadership dences on every side of the practical working out and are growing in self-support. Most of the work of attempts to reconstruct Mexican life and to lay of the Church is now in the hands of Mexicans.

the foundations of a new, unified, progressive They lay emphasis on personal loyalty to Jesus state. Christ as Saviour and Lord, an evidence of sal- One cannot understand the deep significance of vation in personal living, and a deep interest in what is going on in Mexico without sOII1:e knowl- all social problems.

edge of her history and the social, rural and in- The increased emphasis on education by the dustrial heritage which nearly four hundred years government, so manifest throughout the Repub- of foreign influence-ecclesiastical, political and lic, will sooner or later make it necessary for the commercial- have left upon Mexico. evangelicals to define the purpose of the Church.

The revolution in Mexico has been essentially Schools in Mexico have the same problem which an effort to give the twelve or more millions of is appearing throughout the world. In both teach- peons or serfs the essentials of life. This means ing method and in character building, the church that they must have access to the soil and must schools have something very much better than be trained in responsible farming. Labor must no those controlled by the government.

longer be exploited. The people must be educated One cannot speak too highly of the Protestant and the health of every community must be safe- educational institutions. It is amazing what is guarded. being accomplished with such a small financial This revolution has involved the complete di- investment. Most of their income is from student vorcing of the Church from all political movements fees, but all of these schools must soon have some and civil institutions. These religious regulations endowment if their equipment and teaching staff were first being enforced five years ago. Those are to be kept in high order.

regulations forced a changed status upon all cleri- Out of these schools are coming not only the lay cal missionaries, the separation of all schools from and ministerial leaders of the evangelical churches Church control, the elimination of religious teach- but also many of the intelligent and sympatheti- ing from elementary schools, the confiscation of cally minded group of influential people in the Church property, and the registration of this social and educational and political life of Mexico property with the state, and the giving up of all who do not ally themselves with the Protestant civil rights by Church ministers. Naturally, those churches.

days brought much confusion, uncertainty, and New opportunities are arising in modern Mex- many difficult problems. ico which are a distinct challenge to the evangeli- The Evangelical Christian Movement has be- cal forces. Outstanding among these is a new come well adjusted to the new conditions. The approach to the young, educated Mexicans-the decision of the evangelical leaders quietly to ad- products of government schools, the rural and just themselves to the law, including all the regu- state normal schools for teachers, and the national lations regarding property, schools, registration, university. This group is increasing by thousands etc., contrasted with the attitude of the Roman each year. Many have long since lost interest in Catholic hierarchy and the so-called strike of .the the Roman Catholic Church in Mexico, and the Catholic clergy. The Evangelical Movement now coming generation of young Mexicans, educated, has an acknowledged place in the life of Mexico influential and modern in every respect, are likely and evangelicals have an increasing influence, as to grow up without any religious education what- is evidenced in the strength, initiative and sense ever. Some wili be antagonistic to all religion, for of responsibility shown by evangelical leaders, the influence from Russia and elsewhere has al- both ministers and laymen. The evangelicals have ready penetrated Mexico and is common talk in [145]

educated circles. This need can be met only by a Methodists, Presbyterians and Congregationalists, sympathetic approach outside the ordinary evan- but now there are other denominations repregelical church circles. sented. Anyone from the States may join this American church by bringing a letter of recom- Another opportunity of almost equal importance mendation without disturbing his active memberis the provision of good Christian literature for ship at home. children, boys and girls, young people, and educated adults. This' will vary in type, but the Still another cooperative Protestant organizachances now for this service will never again ap- tion is the Young Men's Christian Association, pear to quite the same degree. There is also the which was started thirty years ago and has beopportunity of creating a really indigenous cur- come a very large and influential Christian force riculum for religious instruction of children and in Mexico City and throughout the Republic. The youth. Two kinds of literature are needed: one association has over 4,000 paid members and has for the Christian nurture of the evangelical com- had a large influence in shaping Mexico's new recmunity and the other for the increasing thousands reational development. It has had a considerable who are able to read, but for whom little is to be influence upon the lives of present-day Mexican found in the Spanish language. Much that is leaders who have been members of the association. obtainable now is positively vicious, lustful and poisonous. The Committee on Cooperation in Latin Amer- ica, under the able secretaryship of Dr. Samuel Dr. Elisha A. King writes that today there are Guy Inman, is composed of representatives of the at least seventeen Protestant organizations at American Protestant groups serving in Mexico, work in Mexico. The American Baptist Home Central and South America. It has done much to Missionary Society entered in 1861. The Ameri- foster a better understanding and a more Chriscan Friends Board of Foreign Missions and the tian cooperation between the two continents, and Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the has promoted evangelization, Christian education, Protestant Episcopal Church began operations in and the production of Christian literature for 1870. The Presbyterian (U. S. A.), the Methodist these lands. It has also helped place the longings Episcopal (South) and the American Board (Con- and needs of the people of these southern repubgregational) entered in 1872. The Presbyterian lics upon the hearts and minds of North American Church South entered in 1874. The American friends. Bible Society began its activities in 1878 and the International Committee of the Y. M. C. A. started It is difficult to secure accurate statistics as to its work in 1902. The Southern Baptist Society how many Protestants there are in Mexico today. did not enter until 1880. The Christian (Disciples) The number is about 50,000, of whom 18,000 are Woman's Board of Missions began work in 1895. Presbyterians, 15,000 Methodists and 700 Congre- Other denominations, such as the Seventh-Day gationalists. The balance is divided amongnumer- Adventists, the Nazarenes, and the Church of ous other denominations. Very likely there are God, also carryon missionary work. 50,000 actual church members and a very large constituency of interested people. At first the missionaries carried on their activities anywhere they pleased, but a time came when The methods of work used are evangelistic it was felt that there ought to be some better way preaching, church services, Sunday schools, day of evangelizing the country. Consequently a con- schools, industrial schools, higher educational inference of denominational leaders was held in stitutions, social settlement work, hospitals and Cincinnati in 1914 and it was agreed to divide dispensaries, and, of course, the diversified activi- Mexico among the Congregationalists, Presbyte- ties of the Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A. G. Baez rians, Methodist Episcopal (South) and Methodist Comargo, Secretary of the Mexican National Episcopal (North) and the Disciples and Friends. Christian Council, an outstanding religious leader The other denominations decided to continue to go of Latin America, has done wonderful service for .their own way and locate where they pleased. The Protestant Christianity in Mexico, especially in the plan has worked well so far as the denominations field of religious education. He has the support of accepting it have been concerned. all the Protestant bodies at work in Mexico.

One of the most interesting Protestant develop- Rev. Victoriano D. Baez, in "The Genius of ments is the Union Theological Seminary, organ- Mexico," says truly: "Protestantism in Mexico is ized in Mexico City in 1917, with Dr. John How- not fighting to impose its creeds on Catholicism land, a Congregational minister, as its first presi- or any other branch of religion, but is trying to dent. enter into cooperation with all the living forces in the country – social, philanthropic, cultural and Another interesting development of this co- religious – for the moral elevation, social betteroperative plan is the Union Evangelical Church ment and complete redemption of the Mexican in Mexico City. It was originally made up of people."

Progress In Puerto

..:J! By JARVIS S. MORRIS, San German, Puerto Rico J!:..

I N the matter of evangelism the Presbytery of They strive toward an evangelical code of morals, Puerto Rico is the most active presbytery for but feel that they cannot give themselves over to its size in the whole General Assembly. While the churches because of social, political or comthe whole Church won one member on confession mercial considerations. Large numbers of the of faith for every 20.4 members, the Puerto Rican men are Masons, despite the opposition of the Church added one for every 7.6 members. Only Roman Church. Probably less than five per cent four presbyteries made a better average than this: of the people who call themselves Catholics regu- North Arizona, Jonesboro (Ark.), Rendall (Cana- larly attend the confessional or the mass. Only dian Synod), and Birmingham (Tenn.). All of when the images of Christ, the Virgin, and the these are very small, the largest having 730 mem- saints are being carried through the streets at bel's, whereas the Island Presbytery has' 3,266. Christmas and Easter do the people attend the worship in any large numbers. Twenty-five presbyteries in the Church have between 3,000 and 4,000 church members, and If a Puerto Rican leader, with a personality reamong these the average number of new members sembling that of Gandhi or Kagawa, should arise received on confession was one in every 21.2. The to lead a movement of evangelical thought, couched record of the Island Presbytery is almost three in the aesthetic forms so dear to the Latin imagitimes as large; it actually received 428 on con- nation, he would no doubt find a large following fession. and could build a church on liberal lines some- thing like the Old Catholic Church. Would it be Admitting that the Kingdom of God cometh not called the Evangelical Catholic Church? with the counting of heads, we find cause for thanksgiving in the evangelistic leadership of this To this unchurched group the evangelical insular presbytery which is only a short genera- churches could appeal effectively if they would tion old. The rapid growth may be attributed to unite in one United Evangelical Church of Puerto a number of causes: Rico. Last year three of the nine denominations- the United Brethren, the Congregationalists, and 1. The ministry is distinctly Puerto Rican. the Christians-united to form a church by that There is only one continental American serving a name and invited the others to unite with them. church in the whole presbytery – the English- Thus far, however, the union is made up of only speaking church of the Polytechnic Institute at the three denominations. The Presbyterians have San German. There are only four American not accepted because they fear a lowering of the members of the presbytery. The chairman of the educational standards of the ministers, a decrease mission is a Puerto Rican, the Rev. Angel Archilla in ministerial salaries, and the loss of their fely Cabrera, D. D. A people can best be won to lowship with the church in the north. The Pres- Christ through its own leaders. byterians number as many as the three denomi- nations combined in the union. To enter the union 2. The presbytery is made up almost entirely of would mean sacrifice at a number of points, but young men. Nine-tenths of the churches are served the gains of presenting a united front to the by pastors under forty years 'Of age, and many people would far outweigh such a loss. pastors are under thirty. Whatever their other faults, young men are enthusiastic and active. Evangelical churches could further strengthen their effectiveness by placing more emphasis on 3. In spite of its ancient Roman Catholic tra- worship-form and ritual, pageantry and those dition and heritage, Puerto Rico is not Romanist beautiful forms in which God's truth glows. It is by conviction, but only by habit and sentiment. difficult to build a great Latin Evangelical Church Many of the people are beginning to think inde- upon the plain Anglo-Saxon lines. The religion of pendently and to search for a larger way of life. an artistic people must contain more aesthetic and Some who reject Roman Catholicism as a means emotional elements than that of a practical, workof salvation go into the evangelical churches. a-day people. Few of the Protestant Church edi- fices compare in beauty with those of the Roman Many educated and refined people are no longer tied to the old religious customs and yet have not found spiritual homes in the evangelical churches.

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Church. The evangelicals have been careful not to talk to her boy and lead him into the Church, but cause offense by having pictures, statues or other when the pastor asked if she wanted him to try to forms of adornment in the churches. They have persuade her daughter also, she replied: "Oh, no! certainly offended none, but they may have failed My girl must remain a Catholic." They fear that to inspire many. the girls cannot marry men of the better families if they become Cultistas. Even this distinction SAN GERMAN-THE OLDEST CHURCH IN THE WESTERN between the social requirements upon the different HEMISPHERE. BUILT IN 1530 sexes, however, is becoming less noticeable.

From the days of the "conquistadores" there At the beginning of the work the churches sufhave been in Puerto Rico the owning class and fered from the lack of trained leadership. The the laboring class. Even the rapid progress of first pastors were poorly trained, but now two democracy has not destroyed the line of demarka- growing institutions insure intellectual and spirtion, as it has scarcely done even in the United itual training-the Polytechnic Institute and the States. As the common people heard Jesus gladly, Union Theological Seminary at Rio Piedras, both it was the common people who heard gladly the interdenominational. The former offers a liberal first evangelical missionaries. The so-called upper arts course of four years with a distinct Christian classes, the old families, have held back, since the tone, granting the A. B. degree. An organized first cause of this holding back on the part of the student Presbyterian Church has in its memberwealthier and more socially elite was that the ship about sixty-five per cent of the student body. common people were there first. The officers of Bible and Christian education courses provide for the churches were shoemakers, share-croppers, a major, and twelve term hours are required of and the like. The aristocrats would have had to each student to receive the degree. Daily morning sit in the pews beside their servants, perhaps, for prayers, weekly Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. meetings, the young Church demanded democracy and would and Sunday school and church provide religious not provide two types of seats as the Catholic instruction, inspiration, and opportunity of exchurches did. So social barriers kept them out of pression. The Polytechnic Institute has graduated the churches. five classes of college-trained young men and women, who are taking their places of moral There is another reason: The common people leadership in their respective fields. heard the emotional without the aesthetic appeal, but the upper classes wanted the intellectual and MARQUIS SCIENCE HALL. POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE. aesthetic as well. SAN GERMAN Today the social barriers to the Gospel are The Evangelical Seminary offers a three-year breaking down slowly but steadily. Every year theological course. An increasing number of minsees an increasing number of the educational and isterial candidates are taking a full college course many political leaders of the island embracing either in the University of Puerto Rico or in the Protestantism. Polytechnic Institute before they take the theo- logical course. The struggle between the Gospel and social customs has brought forth a number of interesting The future of evangelicalism in Puerto Rico is developments. The women have accepted far more hopeful because of the growing spirit of unity, readily than the men, because of the moral stand- the vigor of the churches and ministers, and the ards upheld by the evangelicals. The old double developing equipment to train capable leadership. standard obtains to a marked degree in Puerto The Church will rise as her leaders encourage and Rico. Whereas these standards keep many work- lead her upward. ing men out of the Church, when their wives and daughters enter, the social customs keep the women and girls of the higher class out of the Church, whereas the men of the same group accept more readily. A mother urged a pastor to

Dynamic of Home Missions*

..:( By the REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D. D., New York J!: ..

President of the Home Missions Council and Secretary of the Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U.S.A.

I F WE define opportunity in terms of needs we have turned aside from the paths of joy, for and problems, the Christian Church in Amer- everywhere discontented, weary faces tell the tale. ica never had such an opportunity as it has Selfishness has born its unfailing harvest of grief today. Never were the needs of the home mission and wrong and injustice. One phase of evil suc- fields so great and the problems of administration ceeds another, or an outer evil changes to an so vital to the nation, to the inner, until it seems an endless, world, and to the Kingdom of hopeless task to reform our- God, as in this critical hour. This is an age when men selves or our nation or our w 0 r s hip power-political, The Master is saying again to world. His representatives: "Say not financial, mechanical, elec- This is a conclusion to which ye four months, and then trical power. They are tired cometh harvest." This is the of theories or methods that we are being gradually, slowly, word of agriculture, of indus- do not produce results. The unwillingly driven. If ever the try, of commerce, of govern- missionary cause is sometimes universe conspired to press any ment today, but it is not the criticised today for lack of truth upon the mind of man, it power to change conditions- is conspiring at this moment word of religion if by religion whatever may h a v e been to convince him that he is not we mean Christianity and by achieved in the past. sufficient unto himself, that he Christianity we mean Christ. Dr. McDowell, the Presi- was not meant to live and work dent of the Home Missions This is His word to us today: Council, delivered, at the re- apart from God; that human "Behold, I say unto you, lift up cent conference in Toronto, nature is so constituted as to be your eyes and look on the fields, an address that struck fire. dependent upon the transcendfor they are white already unto It gave the secret of power- ent God. harvest." the "Dynamic of Home Mis- It is well that these facts are The present is not only an sions"-and it is the same slowly finding their way into hour to look out, it is an hour the con sci 0 usn e s s of the that transforms churches and to look up; not only an hour to individuals. It is worth read- Church, the nation and the look up, but an hour to look ing. world. Practically, if not theo- within, within ourselves, our retically, we have repudiated churches and our Home Mis- our dependence upon God. As a sion organization, to discover not only our needs, result, our spiritual disaster has already come. We but our supreme need-the one thing without have banished joy, peace and order from our midst.

which we cannot fulfil our mission or realize our Despite increasing knowledge and more perfect purpose, namely, an adequate dynamic for our machinery, greater skill and larger expenditure work. in religious ministry, more thought and culture If ever Christianity in terms of home missions in the Church, nothing avails to put inward life had its chance, it is now. The present national and movement into the Christianity of today.

and international conditions are demonstrating Everywhere there is tentativeness and hesitation, conclusively that human resources at their best a want of initiative, of heartiness, and adventure.

are unequal to the demands of this tragiG and be- Pathetic withdrawals, retrenchments, and timid wildering hour. We see more clearly than ever compromises mark the track of missionary effort that with all our getting and planning, our doing and Christian service. The strong, positive, sus- and striving, we are never really happy, even in taining, inspiring, sacrificial, courageous note is the palmy days of prosperity. It is evident that lacking. The· power to produce a s·pontaneous and effective spiritual impulse does not seem to be at ;2~~~~~eg.a:!J~~Ja!~~:14~e~~rl. of the Home Missions Council available in this very challenging and critical time.

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Let us hope and pray that by our woes and Acts," that certain things did not make the Aposdisillusionments we are being made ready to re- tolic Church. turn to God; that we are beginning to desire that He should come and take the reins out of our Numbers did not make it; its membership was weak hands; that the time will come, and come never large. soon, when "the government shall be upon His shoulders." Society, pierced with a thousand Organization did not make it; it had little or wrongs, sees in this its cure. no organization.

At this great crisis in the moral and spiritual Equipment did not make it; the Apostolic history of our race, let us make no mistakes as to Church was not noted for its buildings and facilwhat we need. It certainly is not more science, ities. more knowledge, more machinery, more money, but a new spiritual power that this torn world of Wealth did not make it; its membership was ours-weary with efforts and struggles, with from the poor. methods and mechanics, with figures and facts, with pronouncements and programs-insistently Prestige did not make it; in all probability one and persistently demands. All religious organi- would have had great difficulty in locating the zations must face the fact that there is nothing Apostolic Church in anyone of the cities or this distracted and distressed world needs more, centers at that time. and would more heartily welcome today, than an influx of spiritual power. The supreme need of What, then, did make the Apostolic Church? the hour is spiritual power. Other needs, great as they are, sink into insignificance beside this 3. The Apostolic Church was made by the Aposurgent, vital and imperative need. tolic ministry.

In the consciousness of the unparalleled oppor- It is obvious from the record that the Apostles tunity offered to the home missionary enterprise were men captured by the reality of Christ's today, and the need of an adequate dynamic to claims, the beauty of His life, the adequacy of His meet this unparalleled opportunity, I soaked my- teaching, the value of His death, the power of His self last summer in the Book of "The Acts," the resurrection, and the supremacy of His Spirit. "Life of Dwight L. Moody," and the last Annual It is utterly impossible to explain the power and Report of the Home Missions Council. I wanted progress of the Apostolic Church apart from the to discover, first, the supreme need of the home Apostolic ministry. Here, again, the book of "The mission enterprise, and, second, an adequate Acts" makes it clear that certain things did not dynamic to meet this need. Out of this experience make the Apostolic ministry. the following convictions registered themselves relative to the dynamic of all missionary service. Learning did not make it; outside of the Apostle Paul, none of the Apostles were learned men. What Made the Apostolic Age Unique Official position did not make it; none of them held official positions in either the Church or State.

Money did not make it; they had no budget; they were numbered among the poor.

Influence did not make it; Peter and John did not have enough influence to keep out of prison.

What, then, did make the Apostolic ministry?

1. The Apostolic Age is the greatest age in the 4. The Apostolic ministry was made by cooperhistory of the Christian Church. ation with the Holy Spirit in making Jesus Christ a living reality to all men. Measured by whatsoever standards you please, the Apostolic Age stands unique in its task, its The Holy Spirit to the Apostolic ministry was difficulties, its achievements, and its influence. It more than a religious phrase or a theological term. was this age that gave us the Christian Church, When God promised the Holy Spirit to man, it the New Testament, the Christian Lord's Day, was the deepest, holiest reality of His being that and made Christendom possible. Apart from the He meant-not only His thought, His words, His Apostolic Age it is impossible to understand benefits, but the very ground of them. What He Christian civilization. What made the Apostolic has given to humanity in the Holy Spirit is His Age? heart and life and power. _ 2. The Apo,stolic Age was made by the Apos- Cooperation with the Holy Spirit made Christ tolic Church. a definite, personal experience in the life and work According to the Book of "The Acts," the Apos- of the Apostolic ministry. It made fellowship tolic Church was a converting, transforming, in- with Christ a transforming power. It also made spiring, conquering Church. It changed not only the Gospel of Christ "the power of God unto sal- individuals, but communities and ultimately na- vation to everyone who believeth"; it made the tions. It is clear, also from the book of "The . Great Commission of Christ an inescapable obli-

THE DYNAMIC OF HOME MISSIONS

gation, and self-sacrifice for Christ a privilege and and cultured; the moral life and intellectual a joy. Apart from cooperation with the Holy capacity of her membership are keyed to a higher Spirit, it is impossible to explain or understand pitch than ever before; her preaching is the best the life, work and power of the Apostolic ministry. the world has ever heard from an intellectual standpoint; her services are beautiful and at- Power for the Present Day tractive; her organization is well nigh perfect; 5. The only adequate dynamic for home mis- her equipment surpasses that of any other age; sions in our day is a spiritual dynamic that will but what of results? Are they not pitifully make Jesus Christ a living reality in the life of all meagre by comparison with the outlay? Are not men, regardless of creed, color or condition. many of our churches living on from year to year without any additions on confession of faith in Experience has shown conclusively that the Christ, and without any perceptible influence on scientific mind, the philosophic mind, the economic the communities in which they are located? mind, and the social mind, without the glow of spiritual truth and spiritual power, cannot save In lands like ours we rightly expect the Chrisman or regenerate the nation. Our age has more tian Church to be the all-potent influence concomforts, but it lacks satisfaction; it has more trolling in every department of life, shaping ease, but it lacks peace; it has more science, but ~olitics, guiding industry, molding society, swayit secretly hungers for Christ. mg commerce, commanding the loyal services of all intelligent persons and banishing all unchris- Organized Christianity has been shaken to its tian forces. But it is not so. Why? Because, foundations. The ordinary course of practical w~th all her equipment of wealth and machinery, experimental religion has been arrested and has wIth all her purity and culture, with all her separated into innumerable shallow streams that prestige and persistence, there is not sufficient meander aimlessly and feebly over wide tracks of spiritual power in the Church to make this efhuman life, but without power to fertilize and fective. Of what avail is the most perfect organirenew them. zation, the most complete equipment, the most ac- Experience has shown that it is not enough to curate knowledge, the most attractive service if there be no dynamic within to make them efbe occupied with the machinery of the home missionary enterprise, with the multiplication and improvement of home missionary organizations fectual? and institutions. These are not primarily the "In this world of shallow believers and weary means by which the new heart and a new state of workers," says Phillips Brooks, "how we need the society will come into being. They are rather the Holy Spirit. We may go on our way, ignoring instruments that will be used when it has come- all the time the very forces we need to help us the home in which it will dwell, the temple in do our work. These forces still may help us. which it will worship, the body in which it will The Holy Spirit may help us, will surely help us serve. Such agencies have a great function, but· as far as He can, even if we do not know His that function is not the creation of life itself. If name or ever call upon Him. But there is so much we ask them to create the living impulse, we are more He might do for us if we would only open imposing upon them a task of which they are in- our hearts and ask Him to come into them." capable. We shall be disappointed-finding again, We need, as representatives of the home missionas we have found in the past and are finding now, ary enterprise, to hold our faith in the Holy Spirit as the dynamic of our work, not as a form of that with every outward appliance and equipment in missionary service there is but little stir or words bu t as aeflfiovritnsgapnodwmera,kiinnsgpiursinignsoturrumlievnets~ movement; that while perfect organizations vitalizing our abound, the life that should fill and use them lags in the hands of God for the conversion and saving of souls. far behind.

We are more and more convinced that we can- What Is Required of Us not go on living as we have done in the past. If the future of North America is to be Christian, It is evident that the primary problem confront- we must recover the spiritual impulse that has ing home missions today is in the realm of been lost. Nay, it is not enough to recover it, we dynamics, rather than in the realm of mechanics.

must have a far mightier spiritual power in this The need of the hour is not more knowledge, but day of complex needs, multiplied problems, and more action; not more campaigns, but more con- challenging conditions than we have ever had in secration; not more statistics, but more spiritual- the past. ity; not more councils, but more cooperation with We have everything else. Never was the the Holy Spirit. What, then, does cooperation church so well equipped as today. She is wealthy with the Holy Spirit demand of us today in home

missions? Let us make it clear that it demands the thought of our lands, to proclaim that there at least the following things: is not a thought in philosophy, not an ideal in 1. Consecrated pers.onality. History shows ethics, not a principle in sociology, not a program that God has always worked through persons, per- in practical reform worth considering that is not sons who are possessed by His purpose, fired with implicit and explicit in Christianity. The most His principles, and filled with His spirit. Con- urgent appeal of our day to representatives of secrated personality in home missions is the only Christ is to bring every thought-social, political, thing that makes the goodness of God visible, the economic, intellectual, national and international forgiveness of God genuine, the sympathy of God -into captivity to Jesus Christ. A program of natural, and the love of God irresistible. The exclusively external betterment is often declared Spirit of God today is seeking for men and women to be synonymous with or a sufficient substitute in whom Christianity is more than a set of correct for essential Christianity. Such a claim is a conviews, more than a system of philosophy, to whom tradiction to the truth that "man shall not live by it is a way of life, of discipline, of service, and bread alone."

an utter self-committal to a career of unceasing If home missions is to bring every thought into service and unlimited sacrifice. Every problem captivity to Jesus Christ, home mission repre- confronting the nation today is waiting, in the sentatives must know the mind of Christ regard- last analysis, for consecrated personality. This ing the social problems of our day, such as the call has been nowhere more pointedly stated than problems of wealth, poverty, industry, unemploy- in the following excerpt from a letter recently ment, and insecurity of economic position in in- addressed to the members of the Clergy Club of dustry. These problems combine to create a New York by the Rev. Charles H. Parkhurst on strong demand for a social as well as an individual the occasion of the unveiling of his picture by the expression of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, and this club: demand creates an obligation from which no in- I feel that this is an unusual occasion. I understand dividual or institution bearing the name of Jesus that you plan, first, to unveil me, and then to hang me. Christ can consistently escape. The hour is lt hardly seems right for me not to be around at such an calling, and calling loudly, for Christians who are intimate ceremony. The least I can do is to appear by not afraid to reason or ashamed to believe. The proxy, so I send you this affectionate greeting. ultimate foundation of every nation is a way of thinking. As a nation thinketh in its heart, so Seriously, there are not enough unveilings or enough hangings in New York City. The whole world knows that our politicians have degraded the word "corruption," but is it. we need chapter, verse and telephone numbers to prove it. There are charges aplenty, but not enough of the kind The home missionary enterprise cannot estab- that go in cannon. Our moral powder only makes a pretty lish the Kingdom of God in North America on bon-fire, unless we ram it down a pointed nozzle before hearsay, or convert the world by those who can igniting it. When shall our corrupt city put on incorrup- only tell what other people are thinking. It detion? When all of you, my dear friends, decide with your mands apostles, not reporters; men of convictions, whole soul that it shall do so. 'not echoes; original witnesses, not men who can sift and state the judgment of others; heroes by The personal touch is at the beginning of every the compulsions of the soul, not straws floating on new departure in individual and national life. the stream of current opinion. The home mis- Consecrated personality is the crowning wonder sionary enterprise can do nothing with mere of this wonderful universe. Men make history; traditionalists. It demands men who do their own men make home missions. It is personal char- thinking, toil through to their own conclusions, acter that counts. Nothing is so potent as soul and go to their work with the impact of a perforce in the establishment of the Kingdom of God. sonal conviction and the conquering energy of a The new man and the new nation are bought with personal character. A man's religion is not worth price-aye, with the price of consecrated person- much until it is more than an echo. It may begin ality. There is no substitute for consecrated with that. It often does so begin, but it must personality in home mission service and civic not stop there. It must not simply be held by service.

2. Creative thinking. Let it not be forgotten him; it must hold him, master him, sway him in that the home mission enterprise is primarily one all that he is and does in the city and in the state, of missionary thought. It is a philosophy before in the home and in the Church. Religion in the it is an activity. We cannot expect to have our home missionary enterprise is not a set of opin- nations based on Christian principles so long as ions, it is a life; not the recitation of a creed, but our social philosophy is made by anti-Christian the repeating of the work of Jesus; not the func- philosophers and materialistic socialists. The tion of a fingerpost, but a person becoming for times are appealing to home missions to capture others the "way" and "truth" and "life". We

must capture the thought of North America if menta The home mISSIOn enterprise, therefore, North America is to be genuinely christianized. should be satisfied with nothing less than a saved 3. Commanding obiectives. Reconciliation of soul in a saved body, living in a saved community. the individual soul with God through the work and Only as we make the nations of North America influence of the Holy Spirit is the foundation upon spiritually strong can they serve the world. which any effective christianization of the nation or the world must be built. Home missionary 4. Cooperative spirit. It has become obvious work is always the immediate duty of the Chris- that there must be something more than cultivated tian Church. The evil that lies at the heart of and saintly individuals in the home mission enterthe nation and the world is a moral evil, and it prise, valuable as they are, if the work of chriswill only be driven out by a moral conqueror. The tianizing the nations of North America is to be Gospel of Christ meets this evil with the prayer: successfully carried forward. Men must join "Create in me, 0 God, a clean heart, and renew a hands to inspire one another, and also to create right spirit within me." This does not imply that the volume of power needed to sweep obstacles Christianity is indifferent to right conditions, but from the path of progress and to conquer the that we have learned from experience that right enemies of truth and right. The emancipation of conditions are impossible without the clean heart the individual is a great gain, but the best part of and the right spirit. Regeneration, therefore, of his emancipation comes when he begins to work the individual is the basis of all moral. progress in common with and for others. Cooperation represents not simply addition, but multiplication.

and enlightenment, the necessary first step toward Team work always tells, a:nd especially in misevery good, whether personal or public, social or sionary work. Marching together, the distance is shorter; singing together, the cheer is louder; political, commercial or religious. standing together, the temptations are more The Christian Church has no right to abate one easily resisted; lifting together, the burden is jot of zeal or faith or effort in home missionary gladly borne; praying together, the victory is work so long as there remains in all the land one surely won. Cooperation both· multiplies and unchristian community, in the community one un- hallows the energies of men and organizations. christian household, in the household one unsaved soul; The hour has come in Protestant Christianity when we must heal our divisions, combine our re- The Good News for Society sources, and unite our forces if the Protestant Church is to bring the Kingdom of God into the The Christianity of the New Testament aims at life of North America. Competition may be the not only a perfect man, but a perfect society-the life of trade, but it is the death of morals and the Kingdom of God. While the Gospel of Christ ad- disgrace of religion. We must have a coopera- dresses itself to the conscience and affection of tion today not only in terms of spirit, but in terms the individual, it must not be forgotten that it of actual operation which will eliminate over- addresses him as a member of a social organism. lapping and overlooking, not only in mission fields, "God and one man," says Dr. Charles H. Park- but in all fields of work. The needs and claims hurst, "could make any other religion, but it re- of North America should lead the denominations quires God and two men to make Christianity." now to submerge all ecclesiastical animosities, and The entrance of the second man into Christianity non-essential demands. The time and strength makes necessary the social Gospel, and this fact spent in controversies are needed today for ag- was undoubtedly in the mind of Jesus Christ gressive and constructive work in the interest of throughout all His life and ministry. In the sum- the Kingdom. The time has come when we must mary of the law, Jesus combined the personal and end the waste of spiritual energy and consecrated social objectives of His Gospel. "Love the Lord, money.

thy God, and love thy neighbor." Obedience to Cooperation in missionary work multiplies the the first command saves the individual, and noth- power of each in the service of all, and therefore ing else can save him; obedience to the second should be welcomed by all churches bearing the saves society, and nothing else can save society. name of Jesus Christ. Bigotry, dogmatism and Such facts as these make it evident that Christ sectarianism cannot feed the soul of the nation.

intended His Gospel to be not only a way of life Nothing but conference, cooperation and combina- for the sinner, but a law of life for society. The tion will meet the needs of the nations now.

ministry of home missions must be to the whole Whatever may be our views about organic man, body, mind and soul; it must look to the unity, there certainly should be no difference betterment of his environment and make secure among those who believe in Christ about the need his opportunities for self realization and improve- and the wisdom of cooperation in every effort to

make men like Christ, earth like Heaven, and the fear of pressing the Gospel of Christ upon the kingdoms of this world the Kingdom of Christ. people, fear that has sealed our lips when every- thing around us is whispering of God, of the The gigantic iniquities of modern society are Cross, of redemption through sacrifice; when thoroughly organized and directed by able leaders. human hearts are softened and ears bent to listen To accomplish its purpose, the home missions and only our enlightening and confirming word enterprise, therefore, must excel all other organi- is needed to interpret and apply the great truths zations in the value of its objectives and the of Christianity to the souls of men and the life of wisdom and power of its representatives. No nations. Christian body should stand apart from any other followers of Christ today on account of differences Let us see to it that the hesitancy and halfof belief respecting non-essentials. No mere heartedness of our religious appeal is succeeded speculative dogma should separate our Christian now by a strong and positive call on all men to denominations from one another in the battle for seek God. Let us go forth throughout the land on righteousness. It is more necessary to help the an embassy of peace, saying to all sorts and consoul that sins and suffers than to assert our ditions of men: "Be ye reconciled to God" for peculiar notions about metaphysical subjects. "now is the accepted time," "now is the day of The various religious bodies in our nations ought salvation." We need not fear rebuff or indifferto appreciate one another more than at present, ence as the right spiritual note is struck in this and cooperate toward commol'l ends more than hour-that note which is in harmony with the they do. God's army today is marching in too elemental spiritual need of man and of society. many disconnected divisions and under too many There will be a ready response, men will flock petty flags. Denominations need not disband, but into the Kingdom, and a religious revival will they must work together if the Spirit of God is to break out that will go through the length and have an instrument through which North Amer- breadth of the land. The most urgent need of our ica is to be saved. Love for the Incarnate Christ day is not for service but for spirituality. A soul ought to be a sufficient passport for every soldier filled with the spirit of God will certainly bow of Christ. That, alone, ought to make him wel- down and lift the lowly. But a generation that come in every camp and at every altar. discounts the spirit of God and ceases to love Jesus Christ will not long serve humanity. What The Need of the Present Situation makes Christianity a triumphant religion is not the law of love, but its love of Christ. The heart This present situation constitutes a great of Christianity-what gives it creative power, trumpet call that is bidding all who care about the what sends out missionaries, what saves sinners, issues of the present world-wide crisis to rally to what builds churches, what produces character, the standard of Christ; bidding them renew their and enriches civilization-is not so much a prehope, enthusiasm and power at the one great cept as a personality, and that the personality of source, and then go forth and throw themselves Jesus Christ. The supreme thing in Christianity heart and soul into the spiritual service of their is not Christ's teachings, however superior, but country; recognizing that it is a national service the spirit of His life; not interest in an ethical of the highest order and calls for self-sacrifice and code, but loving, sacrificial discipleship; not a devotion that is on a par with the greatest demand system of doctrine about Christ, but a profound that any other branch of the Kingdom service can devotion to Him as the giver of eternal life. the make on men. only Saviour of the world.

It is the news of a transcendent God that our The home mission enterprise, in the last analyage supremely needs, the Gospel of a God who can sis, must depend not upon its pretentions, but and does break through into human affairs in a upon its performances; not upon its attitude, but supernatural way, bringing order, peace, power upon its activities; not upon its sacramental and abiding gladness into human life. This is holiness, but upon its spiritual helpfulness. Its preeminently a time for taking bold, strong, appeal will be effective in proportion to its ravigorous steps, for initiating positive action in the tionality, humanity and spirituality, and its augreat work of publishing the Christian evangel, thority will be recognized in proportion to its for seeing how to surround it with every circum- vision, inspiration, conviction, power and love. If stance of c(2)mpelling, constraining, and convicting we capture the present for Christ, the future of power. It is high time to overcome the nervous North America will be safe.

Progress In Home Missions?

..:( By REV. WILLIAM R. KING, D. D., New York ):..

Extracts from the Annual Report of the Executive Secretary of the Home Missions Council T HE North American Home Missions Con- Conferences should be followed up. The first Con- gress, which met at the close of 1930, was tinuation Conference scheduled for 1932 was most significant. Its power and influence held in Indianapolis, Ind., in connectiem with the is being proved and its findings are accepted as Ministers' Convocation and five other conferenees the best word on home missions. were set up for February in strategic centers in The follow-up of that Congress is most gratify- Ohio. It is our hope to hold twenty or thirty of ing. The Missionary Education Movement is them throughout the United States.

majoring this year on "The Challenge of Change," Several cooperative projects are under way, in- by Dr. John M. Moore, written cluding the Cooperative and Re- with the deliberate purpose of ligious Center at Boulder City, promoting the findings and Has the day for home mis. the new town which is to be the message of the Congress. It is sions passed? .What is being home of the people employed on being studied in thousands of done for the twenty million that great Hoover Dam in churches throughout the coun- foreign born in the United Southern California. Repre- try. In a Teachers' Manual on States? Are we overlooking sentatives of six denominations the Data Books and Findings or conducting rival missions met and set up a tentative or- Books of the Congress, Dr. for the Indians, the Negroes, ganization of the Hoover Dam Casselman of the Reformed the Spanish-speaking people, Interdenominational Religious Church in the U. S. Board has lEtuhumerobMpeeromarmnesno,,ntsth,heethmOeirgmireainnnteatrlwss oaarnnkdd- Council to present a program of made an exhaustive study of worship, religious education and this material and has arranged ers and dwellers in mountains social service. Later the South· it in shape for use in mission and in city slums? Dr. King ern California Superintendents'

study classes. tells the story of progress Council enthusiastically ap- A series of conferences and made by the united effort of proved the movement and other public meetings, looking to the mission boards cooperating in denominations expressed the enlistment of all the denomina- the Home Missions Council. desire to cooperate. As a re- tional groups in a great Home suIt of several conferences with Mission advance, is a joint government officials about this effort of the Home Missions Council, and the project, and visits to Hoover Dam, Las Vegas and Council of Women for Home Missions and the Los Angeles, the Cooperative Religious and Social Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in Center of Boulder City has been established and America to carry down to the local churches the is now well under way with the following denomi- message of the Congress, and the results of the nations cooperating: Presbyterian U. S. A., Meth- studies of the Five Year Program of Survey and odist Episcopal, Congregational, Baptist, Disciples, Adjustment. The first of this series was held in United Brethren, United Presbyterian. The Rev.

Cincinnati in November and was followed by the Thomas E. Stevenson, pastor of the Presbyterian Pacific Coast series in December to include Seat- Church of Burbank, California, has been elected tIe, Portland, San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley, pastor and director and began his work October 1, Sacramento, Los Angeles and Denver. In the 1931. Meetings are being held at present in the nine conferences held during November and De- mess hall of the six companies and the Sunday cember there was a total attendance of approxi- School of 127 is meeting in two bungalows. A mately 3,000. We heard in every place such re- movement is under way to secure a building for marks as "this is the best conference we have the religious program and for a parsonage for the had for years," and "you are bringing us fresh director, "Parson Tom," as he is called. There are and interesting information and making us see 300 children of school age in the town. Mr. Ste- home missions in a new light." The unanimous venson has attempted a difficult task but great judgment of the team is that these Continuation service can be rendered. The attendance at his [155]

first evening service was about 100 and at the a liaison committee between the Councils and the second evening service was 127. If some churches Indian Department of the Government. could donate hymn or travel slides for the stereopticon, this would help in his work. A joint committee representing the Interna- tional Missionary Council, the Federal Council, An Every Community Survey of Maine was the Home Missions Council, the Council of Women made under the auspices of the Interdenomina- for Home Missions and the Missionary Education tional Commission of Maine and the Home Mis- Movement has been formed "to make a careful sions Council, and was considered by various con- and comprehensive study of the Jewish situation ferences. The Interdenominational Commission in America in its relation to the Christian has proposed a Five Year Program of Inter- Church." The chairman is Dr. John S. Conning. denominational Christian Service "directed par- Other committees rendering valuable service to ticularly toward the areas unreached by any of the cause of Home Missions, under the auspices the Protestant mission agencies and designed of the Council, relate to the city and New Amerito do that most needed work which our present cans, General Promotion, Alaska, Spanish-speakmissionary agencies cannot do both because their ing Work, and Negro Work. resources are insufficient and because the work must be done interdenominationally." An at- Under the auspices of the Committee on Comity tempt is being made to raise from individuals ap- and Five Year Program of 'Survey and Adjustproximately $45,000 a year in addition to $50,000 ment, surveys have been made in about a score a year expended by denominational boards, to be of states. In some cases the entire state has been distributed among sixteen counties in Maine. surveyed, in some of the larger states only cross- This would be an outstanding demonstration on a sections. 'Surveys are now under way in six states state-wide basis of cooperative home missions in and conferences are held following the completion rural communities. of each state. This Five Year Program is vitally connected with all the work of the Council and Cooperative work has been promoted also in is closely related to the work of all other comother centers. In a remote valley of the 'Southern mittees. Meuntains, bordering northeast Georgia and the Carolinas, there is a large farm school which is One of the most active and efficient committees closely tied up with three small churches. The is that on "Town and Country," made up of repsuperintendent of this school asked for assistance resentatives of constituent boards. One of the oldin bringing about cooperation in this community. est and the most important activity is the Summer As a result it would seem as if the three churches Schools for rural pastors and last year the Comwill be placed on a cooperative community basis. mittee sponsored nine full standard schools and two partial standard schools, besides seven full The second annual conference of the Ozark In- standard schools of practical methods for Negro terdenominational Committee, held at Hollister, pastors. At least two new schools will be added Mo., last July, dealt with the situation in the to the list in 1932-Corvallis, Oregon, and Davis, Ozarks and the possibility of a cooperative pro- California. This Committee also promotes Rural gram for the region. It was later suggested that Life Sunday, the fifth Sunday after Easter, which there should be community visitation by field has been observed for the past three years. Some supervisors and county seat rallies in the interest governors of states have issued proclamations of a better rural religious life. calling upon people to observe Rural Life Sunday and 10,000 leaflets on the subject were distributed The Home Missions Council has taken over the last year. work of the Department of Building Fund Campaigns of the Board of National Missions, Pres- The Federal Council in appointing members byterian Church, U. S. A., to form an Inter- to the Town and County Committee has recogdenominational Church Building Campaigns nized this as its channel of operation in this field Bureau. This did not involve any increase in and has added to the efficiency of the Committee. budget or office space since the Bureau retained its office in Philadelphia for the present. The past year has been a trying one for Home Mission Boards. The depression is telling upon The Joint Committee on Indian Work, under budgets and programs. Most of the boards, if the leadership of Miss Helen Brickman, has not all, have had to reduce expenditures, eliminate worked out a curriculum of religious education work and workers, and cut down appropriations for our Religious Work Directors in the Govern- all along the line. New advances have been imment Indian Schools, and has rendered valuable possible, yet the needs were never greater and service in administrative work. Another outstand- the opportunities never more inviting. These are ing accomplishment of the Committee has been days that are surely trying the souls of board adthe setting up of a service committee to serve as ministrators as well as the endurance of faithful

WHAT PROGRESS IN HOME MISSIONS?

missionaries in all parts of North America. May them on appeal after local efforts for adjustment it not be that our extremity will be God's opportunity. We believe that in some way the home have failed, we recommend: mission cause wj]] come out of this trying experience triumphantly. We may have to make re- First, that the Joint Committee on Comity and adjustments and work out economies and "endure burdens as good soldiers" but out of it all will the Five Year Program be constituted a Sub-Comcome greater and better home missions. mittee on Comity, to which shall be referred all Would it not be wise to begin now to plan definitely for another national congress to be held cases of comity presented to the Councils. at the close of our Five Year Program in January, 1934, to review the results of this five year study Seoond, that this Sub-Committee arrange for and to consider advance steps? By that time, it is hoped, we will be emerging from the depres- three stated meetings a year, other meetings to be sion and will have learned "through the things we have suffered," as well as through the surveys held as needed. and studies, what changes, if any, should be made and what advance steps should be taken. Third, that this Sub-Committee prepare and PROPOSALS FOR THE COMING YEAR distribute a form indicating the information Extracts from the Report of the Findings which should be furnished it concerning any case Committ6e at the Toronto Conference brought before it for consideration. . A Christian world depends mightily upon a Christian America. America lives not to itself, Fourth, that this Sub-Committee, in passing but for China, Japan, Africa, India and the uttermost parts of the earth. If Christendom has be- upon cases, take into account not only such gentrayed Christianity, then it becomes imperative to christianize Christendom. That is our united eral principles as have been adopted by these task. For their sakes we must sanctify ourselves. Councils, but such principles as may have been Sitting, as in a reviewing stand, as the forces for christianizing America pass before us and adopted by the state or city organizations within make their reports, what have we discovered? whose jurisdiction the particular cases originated. The Committee on Comity and the Five Year Program brings before us the following recom- It is understood that the decision rendered in any mendations: case is to be advisory only. 1. In view of the response to the Continuation Conferences, this plan with some modifications The Councils urge that City, State and Regional should be developed widely during the coming year and if possible, such conferences should be Councils, through Comity Committees of their held in practically all of the major cities of the country. own creation, be prepared to deal with comity 2. The success of the Interdenominational cases arising within their respective bounds and Conference held now for two years in the Ozarks leads us to believe that in other states in the more only bring to these national Councils those cases distinctively mission areas there should be interdenominational gatherings of from two to four which fail of local adjustment. days duration for the consideration of the common problems of missionary work. In most cases Strictly speaking, the Five Year Program was these conferences would not be held annually. initiated at the Comity Conference in January, 3. We recommend that constituent boards consider the advisability of bringing to the at- 1928, and will come to an end at the time of the tention of their highest judicatories the comity resolutions adopted during the past year by the next annual meeting in January, 1933. Although Presbyterian General Assembly and the Congregational-Christian National Council. In order that much has been accomplished, it is still in its these Councils may be prepared to deal with the increasing number of comity cases brought to formative stage. It might be well to extend this period to cover five years dating from the Home Missions Congress, that is, to the end of 1935.

Before the end of that period, say in January, 1934, we should hold a "check-up conference" to do specifically four things: a. To review the results of the Five Year Pro- gram to that date.

b. To use the Findings of the Home Missions Congress on the various fields of missionary effort as the basis of an intensive study of practical pro- grams for these various fields of work.

c. To consider the cooperative relationships of home missions with other agencies which have become so essentially a part of our modern pro- gram of church work, as the religious education and social welfare agencies.

d. To propose plans .for the future work of these Councils.

For many years our Town and Country Church Committee has been carrying on its researches and has given us a fund of invaluable informa- tion. We therefore would especially call attention of the several boards to the importance of a pro- gram of adjustment that will enable our rural

churches to cope with the rapid changes that are tion is developing qualities of leadership. Student upon them. It is a matter of supreme importance churches and student councils, expressing the rethat some way be found to provide the children ligious needs of the young people, are promoting and youth of our rural areas with a teaching Christian living. ministry. Toward this end we would suggest that cooperative parishes be established where the The coming year of Missionary study centers several denominations would share in such a around the work among the Indians and we urge ministry. This, together with the re-organization on our churches these studies in their future proof rural areas into stronger units of life, consti- grams. tute imperative demands upon the mission boards at this time. It is evident that the future of the Christian Church, not only in the pulpit but in the pew, rests There has been a growing consciousness of re- in the hands of the youth of today. We therefore sponsibility toward Spanish-speaking neighbors urge upon the Councils that our programs shall in the West Indies. We therefore commend to the give full recognition to the importance and the boards at work in Cuba a fresh study of how to problems of the religious life and training of our cooperate more closely and especially in the organ- youth. We suggest that a session be set aside at ization there of a Union Theological Seminary the next Annual Meeting for the consideration of such as now exists in Puerto Rico. We commend our young people in relation to the Church and its to the boards a further study of their responsi- missionary work. bility in Santo Domingo and that those already working in Puerto Rico may well consider We cannot close without adding our influence whether their responsibilities do not also extend to those who are attempting to create a warless to Santo Domingo. world. We believe that war is wholly wrong; we believe that war and Christ travel opposite ways We commend the union which has been per- and stand at opposite poles in any possible moral fected between the Christian, the Congregational universe. The Christian Church must be the and United Brethren Missions into the United chief agency for abolishing war for to the Church Evangelical Church in Puerto Rico and urge other is committed the Gospel of love and brotherhood, denominations as speedily as possible to shape of peace on earth and goodwill. We call upon all their policies toward uniting in this movement. the churches to take an unequivocal and an un- apologetic opposition to the spirit of militarism We welcome the changes made in the national wherever it exists. government administration of Indian affairs which seeks the highest welfare of the Indian, We urge upon our governments the necessity thus enabling him to achieve an abundant and of immediate cooperation with and full memberwell balanced life in terms of his own racial re- ship in the World Court and the League of Nasources. We appreciate the cooperation of the tions and that every power be used to influence Indian administration in the task of religious edu- all the signatory nations to faithfully carry out cation in Government Indian schools. The in- their obligations in the Peace Pact. creased responsibility assumed by the Indian stu- The Christian Church must lead in the abolition dent for planning and carrying courses of instruc- of war or prove itself inadequate to the needs of the world today and tomorrow.

CHURCH BUILDINGS AND BENEVOLENCES Many churches in the United States have incurred very heavy indebtedness in their building enterprises and have thus hampered their philanthropic, evangelistic and missionary activities. In the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., out of a turnover of sixty-odd million dollars a year, about fourteen mil- lion have been reported under building enterprises. The denominational budget for missions and other benevolences calls for twelve million dollars, on which only about ten million are paid, and, in the depres- sion, less than nine million. In four years this church has spent over fifty-two million dollars for build- ing operations. This represents an annual load per Presbyterian of $25.35, while the annual load for benevolences has been less than five dollars.

In the Methodist Episcopal Church over fourteen million dollars was spent in 1929-1930 for build- ings and improvements and over seven million dollars paid on past indebtedness. This means that over twenty-one million dollars was involved in the improvement of the equipment of the churches for one year. This very heavy burden may account for the situation of diminished support which is baffling the World Service Commission.. The Methodists are apparently giving more than they gave under the Cen- tenary drive, but out of the eighty-five million dollars their reports seem to indicate that only ten million, as against twenty million in 1921, go to benevolences of all kinds. Presbyterians have held their benevo- lence contributions static at about ten millions.

Among the Amazon

A Review of "'The Challenge of Amazon's Indians" by Mrs. Arthur F. 'Tylee* ":JI 1 By the REV. THOMAS C. MOFFETT, New York 1 1=" Secretary of the Commission on the Indians of Latin America I T HE Indians of the Amazon Valley in North- okceceansisoen~sebuotf are often talkative and jolly. They have a ern Brazil are illiterate, untamed and isolated humor and enjoy a good joke even when it from civilization. Missionary work among them is a task of great difficulty because of the is on themselves. Although at times, some of them try distance from civilization and the character of the people. "The long journey to reach them is not one's patience as might a spoiled child, yet many of them dreaded as much as the isolation after the journey's end has been reached," writes Mrs. Tylee, are most lovable. who has recently returned to the United States after some thrilling and harrowing experiences. The pioneer expeditionary party which explored the territory, seeking a suitable location for the Seldom is the loneliness relieved by the visit from an mission station, consisted of Rev. Leonard L. Legters, Field Representative of the Pioneer Misexplorer and never, in some places, by a cOI?mercial .trav- sion Agency and of the Indian Mission of Amer- ica; Rev. Alex. R. Hay, Superintendent of the Ineller. But such isolation means more than Just lonehness. land South America Missionary Union, and Arthur F. Tylee. Their trials in penetrating the It means that the missionary has to trust God to bless interior country are suggested by this record.

and use the simple remedies he can carry for hi.mself a~d "After crossing the Sepotuba River the road lay through a strip of very dense jungle and bamftoaomiliy~ for no physician is within a thousand mIles. ThIS, boo thicket and came out at the foot of a bluff. a land of fevers and tropical diseases, to say It took three weeks to go the first thirty-two miles and the last half of this was taken with the cart nothing of the painful and often serious results from unloaded. Part of the time it was bad roads that hindered, again swollen streams, or a thick g~owth insect bites. of bamboo, and part of the time the oxen SImply refused to pull." It was in such isolation and among these wild Of another experience Mr. Tylee wrote: "The and savage Indians that Arthur F. Tylee and his past week has been a nightmare; the constant struggle, strain and despair over the perversity of two-year-old daughter, Miss Mildred P. Kratz, a the oxen having taxed our patience and sapped our strength. Twenty miles in one week! Workmissionary nurse, and three Brazilians were at- ing day and night in rain and heat, and this after the month of trial in the woods below the plateau." tacked and killed at the mission at J uruena, Brazil, In the loneliness of their first labors on the field on November 3, 1930. The crime was committed the two men hoped for the time when the small mission force would be increased. "For the first by a small group of illiterate, wild Indians of the time in several months Mr. Tylee received word from his fiance, whom he had left in Paraguay. Nhambiquara tribe in the state of Matto Grosso. Now he learned to his joy that she was in Co- rumba. They had been fellow-students at Moody This story of missionary adventure, of heroic dedi- Bible Institute, Chicago, and had gone together to South America. The lady remained in Paraguay cation to a task of unbelievable hardships and while her fiance went on to Brazil to explore the new field. It had now been almost two years since privation, endurance and sacrifice is told by Mrs. he had seen her and five months since he had been able to receive her letters." Tylee simply but graphically in a book which Mr. Arthur "Tylee was a graduate of Amherst . presents a succession of surprises, the greatest of College. After serving in Europe during the war he returned to enter Harvard Law School, but which was unsuspected hostility of these few Indians, led by their chief. ..

This primitive tribe of Indians is descnbed WIth admiration by Mrs. Tylee even after the savage onslaught of the massacre in which a few of their number participated.

The Nhambiquaras are of average height. They are very slender. They have the coarse, straight, black hair, dark brown eyes, and dark bronze skin char~cteristic of the Indian' but their features are not those whIch are considered tyPical of the North American Indian. Many of them have facial characteristics not unlike their white brothers while a few have slant eyes and flat noses like the peopie of Asia. They can be silent and taciturn upon • Published by The Inland South America Missionary Union. 113 Fulton Street, New York. Price 75 cents postpaid.

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A NHAMBIQUARA INDIAN FAMI.LY AT HOME the ingredients could be properly cleaned and not allowed to ferment in the tropical heat." during his studies there he grew dissatisfied with the prospect of giving his life to self-appointed The missionaries left their difficult field for a pursuits and the acquiring of fame or money. He brief furlough at the end of four years, and on felt the challenge to devote his energies to the their return met fresh assaults. Only prevailing biggest and noblest service of which he was prayer enabled them to reach their station. When capable,' and his love of the Bible led him to enter Mr. Tylee and Miss Kratz were both down with Moody Bible Institute of Chicago. While a stu- fever they had been allowed to occupy a room in dent there, Rev. Alex. R. Hay, Superintendent of one of the buildings belonging to the telegraph the Inland South America Missionary Union, vis- line. It was bare of furniture, except for their ited the Institute and told of the need for mes- packing boxes and trunks. Here Mrs. Tylee cared sengers of Christ in South America. This led to for them while the native helper cooked the beans Mr. .Tylee's decision for Indian service and the and rice in the shade of a tent. When they refollowing spring he went to Brazil. sumed their journey they were met by three friendly Nhambiquaras, who brought fruit, man- Mildred Kratz studied at Cae College, Iowa, and dioc and sweet potatoes. Finally they reached the later took her Bible courses at Moody Institute mission about ten o'clock at night, almost three and her nurse's training at Augustana Hospital, months after leaving New York. Chicago. "'She was strong and healthy, with a happy disposition and a buoyancy of spirit which "The first months in her new home following made her always a pleasant companion. She was our furlough were hard on baby Marian," writes not the shallow type of person, incapable of shar- Mrs. Tylee. ing the sufferings of another, but, on the contrary, was deeply sympathetic." She was not well and the insect pests made her very uncomfortable. Satan had found a new weapon with The romance and pathos of the intimate expe- which he tried to drive the missionaries from his terririences narrated by Mrs. Tylee with a rare tory. They had suffered much themselves and were ready literary gift are best portrayed in the diary from to suffer more if need be, but to see their precious baby which she freely quotes. An entry of July 12th girl tortured was the severest test their faith could know. reads: "Without all staple foods." From that date But in this as in all other tests that had come to them, until the latter part of October they were depend- He proved Himself as the One "Who giveth more grace." ent upon their own efforts and God's special pro- But if she was to suffer for some of the conditions that vision for their needs. No day passed without could not be changed nor avoided, life for her was not their being able to obtain food for at least one without its compensations. She loved the wild life that meal. Not once did the little group of new native she saw everywhere about her-woods, flowers, birds and Brazilian converts waver and there was no spirit animals of all kinds. She was not timid and fear was of fault-finding. The men spent much of their time hunting and fishing and thus brought in food ARTHUR F. TYLEE AND JOAQUIN ANTUNES. A which was shared with the whole community. BRAZILIAN CONVERT Later oxen arrived and, for a time, supplied meat if nothing more. Several times Indians came to the station bringing grated mandioc from which a sort of bread or flat cake could be made. This, as the narrative states, "was not unpalatable if

A NNF. f:::F.F.f:::HOT.T7. F.vP('ntivp f:::p('rph~Tv

STUDENTS AND MISSIONARY INTEREST

unknown to her. She went for long walks in the woods As for God His way is perfect. The work in Juruena is with Mr. McDowell and Candido, and always came back His work; the missionaries His workers; is not His the with her hands and pockets full of flowers and bright right to say whether they should continue at their post berries she found along the path. She was very fond or be called to higher service? May the grassy mounds of animals and many were the pets the Indians brought beneath the Ajusta Conta trees at Maloquinha be our her, besides the dogs and chickens with which she played solemn pledge to God that we shall carry on the work daily. they so courageously began, until the last tribe of Indians hidden in the depths of Amazon's forests has heard the The work went forward and progress seemed to good news of peace and eternal life. be made in winning the friendship of the Indians. The missionaries ministered to the sick and un- The tragic scene of the eventful morning when dertook to teach them of God, whom they knew six of the mission group lost their lives, and the not as He is revealed through His Son Jesus savage Indians as suddenly departed into the Christ. Then one day an Indian was brought into wastes and jungles, is briefly depicted in words the station seriously ill. In spite of all their care- which the reader can never forget. When the ful nursing he died. The Indians seemed to take story is perused in the quiet of one's own solitude, this matter very much to heart and some showed then heroism and the sacrifice of martyrs for the their belief that the missionaries were respon- faith is luminous and convincing. sible. Is it any wonder that this absorbing narrative Three months after the death of the Indian was no sooner issued from the press last October some members of his tribe from a distance came than a new edition was required'? Dr. Kenneth to the station and without warning fell upon the Mackenzie, President of the Missionary Union, little band. They murdered Mr. Tylee, Miss Kratz writes in the introduction: and the baby and three Brazilian Indian friends. After seriously beating Mrs. Tylee and leaving The martyrdom of these missionaries gave to them her for dead, they departed. Upon regaining con- marked distinction. They were ready for sacrifice, if only sciousness, Mrs. Tylee had to grope half blinded, life laid down might be translated into the salvation of dragging herself to the telegraph station to spread the lost whom they saw and yearned over. So, as we the word of the calamity. Here she lay for days, recall the many hours of prayer and striving which have hovering between life and death. Finally she was engaged our thoughts and purpose as we have pleaded able to make her way to the coast and sail for for the myriads of souls in darkened and long-neglected home. Her faith and courage never failed. South America, we cheer our hearts with the assurance that the future of the Inland South America Missionary The closing paragraph of her narrative reads: Union will justify their sacrifice and our profound hope that just where they so bravely fell, there shall spring a glorious harvest of redeemed men and women.

Students and Missionary Interest ..:( By the REV. WILLIAM M. MILLER J!: ..

Meshed, Persia T AST autumn I had the privilege of visiting most of the state schools I was not surprised to L nearly forty colleges of various types in dif- learn that there were almost no students prepar- ing for the Christian ministry or for missionary ferent p.arts of the United States in the in- work. But what profoundly troubled me was the terests of the Student Volunteer Movement. These discovery that in many of the church colleges also included large state universities and large de- there is no missionary spirit. In several flourish- ing denominational colleges I was not able to find nominational colleges, medical schools and theo- one student who expected to be a missionary in a logical seminaries. I spoke in classrooms, in foreign land. Several theological seminaries were chapel services, in college churches, to special almost as barren as the colleges. Some of these groups and with individuals. While my stay in educational institutions have had a great missionmost colleges was too brief to give me an oppor- ary past and have sent many of their sons and tunity to understand thoroughly the religious sit- daughters to the foreign field. uation among students, yet I was able to learn certain facts which I have been asked to share What has happened to cause the streams of miswith the readers of the REVIEW. sionary interest to dry up '?

The thing which impressed me most deeply was There are exceptions. I was occasionally rethe lack of missionary interest among students. In

freshed to find groups of devoted and eager young paucity of missionary candidates today is due in volunteers. In one college seventeen students are large measure to the failure of parents and pas- intending to become missionaries, and forty or tors of ten years ago to put this passion into the fifty others attended the Student Volunteer meet- hearts of their children.

ings. This is a college where chapel and church The third and most fundamental cause of all is attendance are required, and where every student the lack of vital Christianity in our colleges and is obliged to work a number of hours each week in our churches. Interest in world affairs is not to help pay for his education. If a healthy mis- enough. The appeal for world brotherhood or sionary spirit is possible in some schools to- world service will not prove a strong enough mo- day, why is it not possible in every Christian tive to send many students to the ends of the school? earth. There must be a sense of the constraining A few students appear to be hostile to the whole love of Christ, the passion to save the lost, and idea of foreign missions. They have been told that joyous obedience to the Great Commission.

all religions are equally good, and that Christians Too often we have depended on human devices, have no right to "force" others to accept their be- and cheap ones at that, to stir up missionary in- liefs, so they are opposed to missions. But there terest. We have trusted in pictures and plays and are few of this sort. The great majority of stu- popular appeals. Prayer and the spirit of sacri- dents are not opposed to foreign missions but they fice are needed to touch the heart and move the are absolutely unconcerned about the whole busi- will. An intimate knowledge of Christ and deep ness. They listened attentively to descriptions of devotion to Him is the motive which will lead social and economic and political conditions in young people to go to distant lands to tell men of Asia, but the thought of spending their lives there Christ. Therefore, if we wish to get more and as Christian missionaries seemed as remote and better missionaries, the only way is to pray and impossible to most of them as that of visiting the labor for a revival of faith and love in our home moon. churches. The decline in gifts to missions and in What are the causes of this decline in mission- the number of volunteers for missions is an indi- ary interest among students? Three things seem cation of a serious decline in the spiritual power to be in large measure responsible for the present of our American Christianity. When the fires of situation. real devotion to Christ begin to burn at whfte heat First, there is the failure of pastors and college again in our churches, missionaries with flaming preachers and professors to press upon the young hearts will go out in increasing numbers to other people who come under their influence the needs lands, kindling new fires everywhere they go.

of other lands and the obligation that rests on us In a recent letter to me Bishop Linton of Persia all to help meet those needs. One college pastor states his conviction that the ordinary type confessed that he never preached a missionary of missionary deputation work in England has sermon, except when the time came around for yielded very poor results of late because of the the missionary collection. A professor said that lack of spiritual foundation on which to build. He he did not feel he could ask his students to con- plans on his next furlough to stay in each place sider missionary work when his board was recall- he visits a week or ten days. The first three- ing missionaries from the field. Unless young fourths of the visit will be used to preach Christ people are challenged to overcome the difficulties, and to urge people to accept Him as their personal whatever they be, and press forward with the Saviour and Lord. Then in the ·closing days he message of Christ into every part of the world, will present to those who have been really con- very few will offer for foreign service. If the call verted the claims of missionary service.

for volunteers is sounded clearly and persistently Such a plan, followed in missionary promotion by men of conviction and passion, I believe there work, would bring us into touch with fewer might be a great response on the part of students churches and colleges, but we would touch them to the missionary appeal. more deeply and probably accomplish much more The second cause is the failure of parents to in the end.

dedicate their little children to the cause of Christ Students and young people today are more ready and to give them in childhood an interest in the to listen to a simple, sincere and courageous Gos- people of other lands. It is a well-known fact that pel message than they have been for years. Let most of those who go as missionar.ies first became us challenge them now to full obedience to Christ interested long before they went to college. Un- and to service in His Kingdom, not only at home, less students already have such an interest on but also abroad. We need to attempt greater which one can build, a missionary speaker will not things for God and expect greater things from be able to make much impression on them. The God.

to Face "With Human Wrecks*

..:{ By the Rev. WALTER AMOS MORGAN l!= ..

Pastor of the First Congregational Church, Chicago, Illinois T HE bum is a human problem. What shall I to preach to a drunken bum? Is my Gospel we do with him? To ignore him is im- for the welI-to-do and the social elite, matured possible. To kill him is illegal, even if through sixteen years of experience in pulpits there are times when it seems as though society where a bum is only a passing phenomenon, suffi- would be better off if he were out of the way. To cient for such a need? Is my modern interpreta- reform society so the bum will be impossible and tion of Christ gripping enough to reclaim a soul a fact of social history is a far-reaching necessity. that knows the fires of helI?"

To reform the individual as he presents himself When I arrived, the meeting was in full swing.

in his rags and full of bootleg McQueen, the superintendent liquor is a present obligation. of the mission, was behind the upon the Christian forces in so- If you were called upon to battered pulpit. "Sing to the ciety. Often this obligation speak before a crowd of home- Glory of Christ, men," he presents itself with all its less, hungry bums, what would calIed out, just as I entered.

tragic and pressing immediacy. you say? Such a question con- And how those men sang! I Not long ago I faced a mis- fronted Walter Morgan at the am minister of the church that sion room full of down-and- Chicago United Mission, which rejoices in having the largest outs and found that the experi- is maintained jointly by the choir in Chicago, and they sing ence was like unto a conversion Congregational Union and the the masterpieces of sacred to my own soul. Where Hal- Presbytery of Chicago. His music with beauty and ardor.

sted Street crosses Madison, on solution of this soul-searching But there was a difference.

the near west side of Chicago, problem reveals the real mes- These men sang the old hymns is the haunt of homeless men. sage of Christ. of the blood and the Lamb with Sprinkled among them are a fervor that was contagious.

many of the former crooks who Soon I was led to the plat- have lost their standing with the gangs or their form. McQueen greeted me briefly and with former initiative for singlehanded thuggery. warmth. His great palm grasped my hand and Some have been upon the line between life and 1 felt the thrill of strength and the warmth of a starvation ever since they can remember. Others devoted heart. "We shall be ready for you in have known better days and have sought this about an hour. Sit here," was all he said. He jungle of reeking woe to hide themselves and to had more urgent business than that of spending mingle with others of their kind. time with me. "Sing, men; sing When tke An Oasis in a Moral Desert trumpet of the Lord shall sound." They sang, and I heard the trumpet, sounding the call to The Christian missions in this area are oases something unsung in my own soul.

in a moral desert. Here consecrated men and McQueen kept the meeting in his own hands, women seek, with the aid of Christ, to perform never for a moment permitting the men to forget the ancient miracle in mending broken lives and that they were to receive a blessing in newness making the crooked straight. To preach in such of life. If they only were willing, Christ was a mission is an experience that sears into the able to save. The testimonies were voices out of very soul and probes the depths of life. the deeps. A few were formal, cold and pro- When the invitation came to me to preach upon fessional. But most of them were exclamations a certain evening in the Chicago United Mission, of joy out of former despair. Something had 1 accepted it with joy, mingled with the sense of happened to the men who testified, and they knew humiliation that 1 had not sought the opportunity it. "I thank God that Christ saved me and that long before. During the days preceding this he keeps me" was the oft-repeated refrain of their particular evening, 1 asked myself, "What have new song. I faced these men, sitting in an old • Condensed from The Congregatio'YWlist. chair, unobserved and forgotten by everybody.

[163]

In the first place, I was terrified. My heart- in other lives. Selfishness in the breast of the beat was greatly accelerated and my courage was well-to-do frequently drives the wanderer back as greatly diminished. The sermon I had pre- again to his old companions. Society has a price pared seemed to be so inadequate and out of touch to pay for its lack of regard for the undernour- with the occasion. I gave it up and tried to recall ished and the poorly born. I sensed my guilt of another. For a few minutes my mind was in a neglect. My voice had been silent and my brain wild and panicky confusion. Sermons I could had been idle concerning this tide of human woe.

recall by the score, but not one came back with Could its source be found and the evil thing the joy of exclamation, "I am just what you need; changed at the beginning? Surely Jesus had take me." Soon I gave up in despair and said something to say concerning this problem that so to myself, "When the time comes, do your best. tragically affected so many of His brothers.

Perhaps the Lord will take pity and help you As I looked again at my dethroned king, and out." saw deep beneath the scraggly beard and pene- trated below the surface of his soul, I thought I Fallen Brother Men beheld the lineaments of the Son of Man. Here Then my heart went out to those men with a was my sermon. I would speak to the Christ great compassion. One was a young chap, who within that man. If my message could carry to sang as though he had gone to prayer meeting as where He was buried deep I knew that he would a boy with his mother, even ,as I had gone with respond, and life, like the dawning of a clear mine. Another was an old man with a face like morning after a stormy night, would come to the the sphinx. A third reminded me of a ne'er-do- king dethroned with new hope.

well I had known in Vermont. I glued my eyes The Tests of an Adequate Message upon the face of one whose head was as massive and as well shaped as the head of the old professor But was my modern Gospel adequate to the who patiently tried to teach me Hebrew. This need? I long had thought in social ways and, man had fallen from great heights. He might preached in modern terms. My liberalism had have been a king who through folly had been com- been almost a passion. True, I had prayed that I pelled to abdicate his throne and whose posses- might be spared the barrenness of a purely intel- sions had been confiscated, until he was forced to lectual appeal. In my own soul there was the joy beg his bread in a far and alien land. My heart of a divine fellowship and the warmth of personal went out to him. He had been the joy of some experience. But I had not developed the technique fond mother's heart. Some father had held him of making my own experiences live in the souls of in his arms with pride. Was he sitting on the men who knew nothing of the modern world with sacred hill of memory as he sang and as he looked its modern science and its new psychology. The up at McQueen? In him I saw the epitome of terms they used in their testimonies were not part broken humanity as it passed to and fro before of my working vocabulary, and my new interpre- the street door. In him I saw myself, had cir- tation of their age-old and vital experience and cumstances but shaped themselves in other ways. need was meaningless to them. My expressions to For one moment, at least, I caught a vision of win men to the old joy of salvation were colorless what Christ meant when He told His disciples that and impotent for the needs of the twenty-five all men were earthly children of a common Father. minutes that soon were to be mine to do my ut- My third emotion was that of rebellion. Were most for these my broken brothers.

these men the result of our civilization? Had they I was brought back to present and pressing been cast up from the wreck in order that others realities by McQueen announcing a hymn and say- might sail safely on? Were they human material, ing, "After we sing this hymn Dr. Morgan of the wasted and cast aw,ay, in order that our boasted New First Church will preach to us. Pray for progress might progress still further upon its re- him, men." The introduction stabbed me into a lentless way? Who was I that I might enjoy a full realization of my own insignificance and the beautiful home in the suburbs, with dollars in the supreme greatness of the task before me. Again bank and a place in society, while these men were I sought out the face of my new-found brother.

homeless, dollarless and with no place to lay their His eyes seemed to search mine, and behind them heads except what charity provided? Surely some- I read a sad and tragic story and found a small thing was wrong. I saw it tragically portrayed in but growing hope. Just before I arose to speak I human life before me and my heart rebelled. prayed: "Oh, God, help me to bring Thy Son to Where were the men, or women, who were to birth in this my new-found brother."

blame for many of these wrecks? The seed of What had I to offer in that high moment?

wickedness in the human heart often germinates Surely not my theology. That were a thing dead

F ACE TO FACE WITH HUMAN WRECKS

and helpless. They cared nothing about the Syn- Christ, living and struggling to live more fully in optic problem or the symbolism of the Apocalypse. all human souls. I saw Him stand again by Galilee What they needed, like their fathers before them, where Andrew heard Him call, and I saw Him look back to the dawn of man's first mistake in life's at me through the eyes of the bums who filled moral way, was help for the journey. This was to that barren mission room. be found, first of all, in the old and ever new fact of love. And for that hour, at least, love them I My cup of joy overflowed when I saw the former did. The Christ in them called to the Christ in me king kneeling in submission to another will at the and the response was a compassion I never had rail before the battered pulpit, and McQueen had known before. The dethroned king became a wan- his arm around him, talking with him as one dering brother of a common household and the brother talketh with another about the things Elder Brother had sent me to bring him home that are of supreme importance. again. So I rode back to my home in the lovely suburb, Then came the joy of a great discovery. My with the rain falling in torrents and the lightning Gospel was a living thing, not only for the well flashing in the streets. In my own heart there fed, but for these men who seldom knew the joy also was a mightier storm. Can our Gospel create of a full meal. Beneath my faith there was a a society that does not attain success at such a radiant center of life. Its passion was the love for frightful cost? How can Christ be brought to birth in our modern world?

How Ginling College Was Saved By the Rev. Clifford M. Drury, Moscow, Idaho Looting and destruction was the fate of many foreign buildings in Nanking when the Southern army drove out the Northerners in 1927. Ginling, the Christian college, escaped as by a miracle, and the members of the faculty were spared the dreadful experiences which fell to the lot of many of their fellow missionaries. The reason for this immunity may be traced to the good influence of a Bible class.

Thirteen years before, in 1914, Ray C. Roberts, a Y. M. C. A. secretary, began his work in Hunan Province, and following one of the Eddy evangelistic campaigns, a Bible class was started in Changsha. Among those enrolled was a Hunanese boy, Wu Ching Sing, who became a Christian and, two years later, was elected president of the Bible class. The young Chinese brought his sister to the missionaries, who placed her in one of the mission high schools. As a result she also accepted Christ.

When the Nationalist movement offered great promises of relief from many of China's ills, Wu went to Canton to cast in his lot with the Southerners. Miss Wu (Shou Ching) after her graduation from the high school entered Ginling College at Nanking and was a student there when the Southern army captured the city.

It is now well known that the soldiers, under Russian Communist influence, had received orders to loot, destroy and kill. After they had looted and burned many of the foreign houses a number of them appeared before the gates of Ginling College.

Since the soldiers were Hunanese, it was natural that Miss Wu should be sent to intercede for the College, since she could speak to the soldiers in their own dialect. While the soldiers were being served tea and cakes, Miss Wu was making frantic efforts to get into touch with her brother, an officer in the army which had just occupied the city. After a time he appeared and gave orders to the soldiers not to enter the compound. Instead of destroying the school, they were ordered to protect it.

Thus the foreigners and students and the buildings, worth at least a million dollars, were saved the fate which visited other parts of the foreign community. The College reopened a short time after the disturbance and continued its good work, the only mission school in Nanking able to do this for some months. The Changsha Bible class had borne fruit.

Friendship Books for

By HAZEL v. ORTON, New York ):- Secretary of Elementary Work, Missionary Education Movement N OT long ago a writer in a well-known simplicity and good taste which is characteristic magazine on race relationships made this of beautiful books. A high price is not always a statement: guar.antee of quality.

"When I was a baby my father had read me the There are a few mechanical points by which an story of Little Black Sambo, and I had concluded unskilled person can be guided in making wise that all black boys were silly and pathetically choices. Size of type, number and kind of illus- ugly." trations, relationship of illustrations to type page, How many well-meaning teachers and adults, binding, and the value of the book in developing because they were not sufficiently informed or the child's appreciation for the artistic and beau- have thought it unimportant, have exposed chil- tiful should be considered.

dren to harmful.attitudes toward children of other Perhaps the most essential point in the evalua- races through an unwise selection of a book. Much tion of the content of a book is judging whether care must be taken in the selection of books for it is within the range of ability and experience of children, especially when one is concerned with the child for whom it is chosen. Are the incidents the presentation of the Christian viewpoint of life. and the vocabulary within the understanding of Few local booksellers are competent guides to the child? From the standpoint of the world the selection of children's books. A short time friendship values to be gained, one must be care- ago, browsing in the children's book department ful that the content is free from ideas and sug- of a large store, I overheard a conversation be- gestions which may lead to undesirable attitudes.

tween a salesgirl and a physician interested in The following tests might be applied: children's books from the standpoint of health. 1. Are the facts about other racial and national groups The salesgirl was unable to grasp the situation true, or are they generalizations from which false deducand prattled much on the attractiveness and "cuteness" of a certain child's book printed in tions may be made? . small type and illustrated in lurid green. Half under his breath the physician remarked: "What 2. Are there statements or illustrations which hold any racial or national group up to ridicule, or portray them as stupid and incompetent?

3. Are there statements that ridicule and minimize the books! No wonder we doctors are always treating importance of great world issues, such as disarmament children for eye difficulties." and world peace, economic justice, racial equality, prohi- bition, etc. ? Almost any person with a degree of intelligence and knowledge of children can learn to discrimi- 4. Is the book sentimental and lacking in reality, or are the needs and accomplishments of other racial and na- nate between desirable and undesirable books. Two tional groups so presented that the reader will come to major questions should be kept in mind. understand and respect them, rather than develop pity and superiority? First, is it attractive and suitable in its mechanical make-up for the child? 5. Are there statements that foster bigoted intolerance, either racial, national or creedal? Second, is the content of the book inherently 6. Are there statements involving criminal offense by Christian? Are Christian attitudes, sympathies reason of which children might generalize and come to and conduct fundamental to the book, and are identify a certain racial or national group with smuggling, they treated as a natural and normal expression banditry, or lawlessness, for example? of life? 7. Is the book inherently Christian? This does not neces- Books which appeal to children must be at- sarily mean that it should talk about religion, but that it tractive to the eye as well as to the mind. Con- should picture a type of thought and conduct which is tent does not stand alone, for the way it is housed Christian.

8. Is the book well written from a literary standpoint?

between the covers is also quite fundamental. It is encouraging to know that there are on the Books by means of which we hope our· children market many children's books relating to world will develop Christian conduct must compare fa- friendship which fulfil these qualifications. Chil- vorably with the other books which they read and dren enjoy them and they are contributing factors love. Some of the less expensive books combine in the development of Christian conduct.

[166J Books for Children The Nursery Series. FriendShip Press. Uncle Sam's Family. By Dorothy F. 50 cents per volume. A series of McConnell. Council of Women for FIRST THROUGH THIRD GRADE missionary books similar in style to Home Missions, and Missionary Ed- the Peter Rabbit books; an endeavor ucation Movement. $1. Real live The Farmer in the Dell. By Berta to lay the foundation of that sym- boys and girls make up Uncle Sam's and Elmer Hader. Macmillan. $2.50. pathy which is the forerunner of a family. The stories in this volume An excellent picture book with brief true spirit of Christian world broth- are delightful, and grown people description of farm life and activi- erhood. Their titles are: Ah Fu: A seem to like them as well as chil- ties in northeastern United States. Chinese River Boy; Kembo: A Little dren. Girl of Africa; The Three Camels: The Singing Farmer. By James S. A Story of India; Esa: A Little Boy Under Many Flags. By Katharine Tippet. World Book Co. 68 cents. of Nazareth; Mitsu: A Little Girl Scherer Cronk and Elsie Singmas- A book of poetry about farm life for of Japan; and Babo: A South Seas ter. Missionary Education Move- boys and girls. Boy. ment. 65 cents. The many-sided enterprise of foreign missions will I Live in a City. By James S. Tippet. FROM FOURTH THROUGH SIXTH GRADE be made very real to boys and girls Harper. 75 cents. A book of poems through the stories of these men which helps city boys and girls to My Indian Boyhood. By Chief Stand- and women who serve one great understand better those who help to ing Bear. Houghton Mifflin. $1.75. purpose by doing well their widely make city life comfortable. This story written by a Sioux chief, different tasks. carries this dedication which is self- The Wishing Owl. By Idella Purnen. explanatory: "I write this book with Stories of Brotherhood. Missionary Macmillan. $2.25. A Mayan story the hope that the hearts of the white Education Movement. 75 cents. book. A collection of some of the boys and girls who read these pages The Adventures of Mr. Friend. children's favorite stories as they will be made kinder toward little Friendship Press. $1. Two books have been told for generations in Indian boys and girls." by Harold B. Hunting for older Yucatan. juniors. Each is a series of good North America. By Lucy Sprague stories of men and women whose Little Kin Chan. By Berthae Con- Mitchell. Macmillan. $3.50. A new lives have been spent in service to verse. Friendship Press. $1. The kind of geography which will live others. In the first book they work delightful story of a Japanese child, for boys and girls. In the words in both home and foreign lands, and Kin Chan, and her dog, "The Crab.' of the author the purpose of the in the second book in country com- They have many adventures and book is: "Trying to get children munities throughout America. much fun, in the course of which the to observe and to think in terms of missionary lady plays a prominent geographic relationships." Periodicals part. Cease Firing. By Winifred Hulbert. The number of denomination- The World in a Barn. By Gertrude Macmillan. $1.50. A very excellent al magazines and story papers Chandler Warner. Friendship Press. book for boys and girls dealing with published in America is legion. $1.25. A group of nine friendly chil- the subject of peace in an interest- Because there are so many, it dren, some of them American and ing and stimulating fashion. has seemed wise not to list them, some from other countries, also a but to make a few suggestions highly inventive uncle who has trav- Waterless Mountain. By Laura Adams in the light of which such publi- eled everywhere and knows how to Armer. Longmans, Green. $3. A cations may be evaluated. start things, make this book a real most charming story of the experi- adventure in world friendship. ences of a Navajo Indian boy. Beau- 1. Is the primary aim of this tifully written and illustrated. This periodical to educate children in The World on a Farm. By Gertrude book will do much to deepen the Christian world friendship or to Chandler Warner. Friendship Press. appreciation of the cultural values raise money? $1. A runaway pig and a swimming of Navajo life. race, ~ogether with delightful ex- 2. Is the material selected and periences in world friendship, com- Jumping Beans. (Story book edition.) written within the range of in- plete the adventures of the Friendly By Robert N. McLean. Friendship terest of the age group for which Farmers at Pleasant Valley Farm. Press. $1. This Mexican family it is intended? moved about so much that they said Children of the Chief. By Mary En- they were just like jumping beans. 3. Does it have literary value? twistle. Friendship Press. Paper, Could the stories and articles 40 cents. A book of delightful Porto Rican Neighbors. By Charles stand on their own merit7 stories about a family of African W. St. John. Friendship Press. $1. children. A collection of stories about the 4. How does it compare with children of Porto Rico. the other magazines which the Chinese Children of Woodcutters' child is reading? Lane. By Priscilla Holton. Friend- Open Windows. By Mary Entwistle. ship Press. The adventures of two Central Committee on the United 5. Is it a periodical for which Chinese children. Study of Foreign Missions. 75 cents. the children have respect? If you would like to know about Windows into Alaska. (Children's farm children in India, China, It is with real regret that one edition.) By Gertrude Chandler Africa, and many other places, just is compelled to say that there is Warner. Friendship Press. 75 cents. read these stories. now no splendid interdenomina- The story of Bobby and Virginia tional magazine in the United whose father is a missionary teacher Habeeb. By Mary Entwistle. An Eng- States for boys and girls on in Alaska. lish publication available through world friendship. Friendship Press. 80 cents. This Friends of Ours. By Elizabeth Col- is the story of a boy of Palestine. son. Friendship Press. $1. A charm- ing book for primary children, show- ing their dependence on the people of home and foreign lands.

Play In Latin

I. A Regular Heretic and the follow and learned their plans man, had caught the colporteurs Church Bell for the following day. It was with guile, and discovered their The missionary had arrived at good to see the interest such a plans. He wanted to merit the Santa Ana and invited people to man took in Bible work. praise of the priest the next time the evening service. At night Next morning, the well they drank wine together so he he was preaching to a crowd, dressed general mounted a had warned the people of some of whom were inside the spirited horse, and galloped Cumani not to buy Bibles. But big dark room, but most of away. About mid-day the two as Cumani is a liberal town, and whom were on the street. The colporteurs arrived at the town they had heard the priest concurious, the antagonistic, the in- of Cumani, hours later than the demn the Bible, he only stimuterested, all were there, but general, and were astonished to lated their curiosity, and they nearly all were men. The find a great demand for the resolved to buy. women, such of them as would Scriptures wherever they went. San Luis was different. It listen, would hear later what Sales were rapid. was fanatical, ,ignorant, priesthad been said, and might ask Next day they pushed on to dominated, and there the gallopthe Virgin to protect them after San Luis, hoping for a good re- ing horseman found everyone having heard such forbidden ception there also. What was ready to defend the Holy Virgin their surprise to find that they and Mother Church against the things. Suddenly, the big Roman Ca- were rejected at several little Biblemen. tholic church bell began to ring. inns. The priest had given Towns so different in spirit It kept on ringing, and meant strict orders that no one should exist side by side in Colombia to keep on until the voice of the give lodging to the heretics with because a state of constant feud the corrupt Lutheran Bibles. It exists between liberals and conheretic should be drowned. The preacher shouted, and was cold and wet and late in the servatives. Liberals cannot sell exhorted until he was hoarse. afternoon, and no door would goods easily in fanatical towns, The people crowded closer to open to them. Finally, a woman and conservatives are not happy catch part of what he was say- received them but hardly had in a liberal town, so each graviing. Suddenly the bell ceased they started to unpack, when tates, mainly for economical and and there was a great calm. two policemen came to the door. social reasons, to a town where People marvelled. The preacher The priest had sent orders to life is most agreeable. Both rejoiced and went on to finish the woman to refuse hospitality towns are Catholic, but one is to the Protestants, and she must tolerant and the other is persehis sermon in peace. Everyone understood why the comply. They started to pack cuting. In the first, the priest priest had ordered the bell to be up again, while the rain poured has to walk warily, or he may rung, but no one understood why down on the red-tile roofs. Sud- find himself a persona non it had so suddenly stopped. Next denly the woman came to their grata, in the second, he wields a day it was learned that a youth room and said, "You can stay. rod of iron. Both towns need of about sixteen, indignant at After all, the priest has never the Gospel. the treatment meted out to a done anything for me. I owe -Alexander M. Allan, stranger, had climbed into the him nothing. My house is my belfry, cut the rope, and shut own. He may rule on the street, Bogota, Colombia.

down the wooden trap door. In but here I am boss." Hardly was vain the bell ringer climbed up the big door shut and barred, and demanded that he open that than the policemen came to en- Missions Must Not Halt!

trap door; the little heretic quire why the two heretics had Whatever confusion may exist conwas adamant; he sat on it to not left. The woman replied: "I cerning the theory and method of mis- dare you to come in. This house sions, there must be no halting of mismake quite sure and the bell is private property. You have sionary 'effort. ringer below was powerless. no authority here." Christian missions are organized ef- Thus the Gospel message was The police went away, and the forts, motivated by good-will and di- rected by the best available judgment, heard in Santa Ana. colporteurs were left in peace. They were, however, unable to to give to all mankind the highest II. The Galloping Horseman good-God's revelations of the Way of and the Heretic8 sell Bibles in that town, and so Life through Christ. Release all the they slipped away at half-past guidance of trained intelligence. Re- Abel and Manuel were selling Bibles in the saddle-making four in the morning, trudging lease all the rapture of unselfish love. Release all possible effort to promote town of Choconta, on the high through the cold mud away on human welfare for time and eternity. road north of Bogota. A well Release increasing resources of spirdressed man affably enquired in the misty mountain road. itually competent manhood and womabout the route they intended to The explanation? The gallop- anhood for this work.

ing horseman, a bigoted church -Selected.

[168]

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~ THE COLLEGE COUNSELOR have pointed them to the way of midst of perplexing cam pus AT WORK intelligent Christian leadership problems.

By CLAIRE GOODSILL CHANDLER following college, through the The counselor in the home church tries to cultivate the feel- District Counselor for the Central simple medium of friendship, ing among its departing student District of Michigan, Illinois graciously bestowed and shared. members that they will repre- and Missouri Two years ago college coun- Every religious denomination selor work received a tremen- sent the home church in their feels responsible for the Chris- dous impetus by the authoriza- college environment. Many a tian nurture of its own young tion, on the part of the two counselor, when students return people and the large denomina- Women's Boards, of counselors from vacation periods, sees to it tions give especial attention to for every local church, whether that opportunity is given for the spiritual needs of their stu- or not that church was in a col- them to report what they have dent groups. Trained student lege community. This expansion done as church emissaries. pastors or secretaries direct ac- led at once to a new and broader tivities for students in the local conception of college counselor It is the custom of counselors church or follow boys and girls work. to arrange for some church recto the college campus to throw ognition of returning students. about them the protective arm A study of some of the meth- An evening in a church home, a of the Church. This service, ods now employed by counselors banquet at the church, the entergiven by specialists in the stu- will perhaps best indicate the tainment of individual students dent field, is usually of a high value of the expanded plan. in homes – any such interest order. It is especially evident at Methods mentioned have all been manifested in friendly spirit state universities and in educa- proved to be practical and many brings rewards out of all protional centers where the student are in common use by the ma- portion to the effort involved. body is large. jority of counselors. Some counselors bring together A Volunteer Worker In a Community Without a college and high school young College people of the church during the Christmas or spring vacation, so A few years ago the leaders of The counselor working in a that the younger group may the Woman's American Baptist community wit h 0 uta college judge of the value of higher ed- Home and Foreign Mission Soci- seeks to keep in friendly touch ucation, the choice of a school, eties instituted a plan for work with college students connected and such matters, from college among Baptist students, to be with the church. To this end she folk themselves. maintained by volunteer effort will know intimately the promisand to be carried out by college ing young people of the church In a College Community counselors in 10 c a I Baptist churches in college communities. and their educational plans. The counselor in a college com- The statement of purpose of the When they leave for college she munity also has for her first goal project reads: will inform counselors in their to keep in friendly touch with college churches of their new ad- college students connected with . The work of the College Counselor dresses. She will write and send the church. She receives letters IS to preserve and develop the link them church bulletins, if the from counselors in other places between the denomination and the stu- church itself does not make this telling her of incoming students.

dent, not only for the sake of se- a practice. She will see that the She secures also a list from the curing recruits for the mission fields church recognizes in some ap- college or university of students propriate way the departure of giving her particular church as or other forms of Christian service, students in the fall. One church their preference. but for the sake of developing an intelligent, able constituency filled with missionary consecration. holds a student prayer meeting She sees that early contact is In accordance with this ideal, before its young people leave. made with students. She makes counselors in large and small Another holds a special commu-· calls herself and has girls and college centers in various states nion service, the memory of men, preferably students themhave helped students to keep which often helps the student to selves from the local church, call their interest in the church and keep his spiritual poise in the upon new students and extend [169]

invitations to church activities. counselor asks each student to counselor. She keeps in touch Many churches h a v e student fill out an information sheet. memberships which students are with graduate students, she tells encouraged to take. Members of "What Is Your Hobby?" pastors in places to which grad- uates move, of their talents and the church may act as special Check things in the following list experience, and thus endeavors guardians of the religious inter- which you can do. (Sing; Tell Sto- to relate them quickly to their est of certain students for the ries; Teach; Make Posters; etc.) new churches and communities. entire year. They invite the stu- If you were to serve on a committee This service is especially valu- which of the following would you dent of their church adoption to prefer? able when removals are made to their homes, to share their pews These and other questions give large cities, where it is easy· for during church services, and in- a key to the interest and ability newcomers to lose their church troduce them to group activities of the student group. interest. such as the choir, Sunday School The counselor is provided with The Church of the future needs classes and the young people's useful missionary and Christian a generation of young people organizations. leadership information and in- eager to give to the work of the Usually the church as a whole spiration. From time to time she Kingdom of God their trained welcomes the students in some places this material in the hands and consecrated service. The social way. Many churches have of those who are choosing their mission work of the future will student committees, headed by life work. Most of all, in friend- be in their hands. College counthe counselor, and this group ly conversation, perhaps before selors represent one of many plans the fall welcome to the her own fireside, she is able to agencies whose effort is directed coIIege young people. In many say the guiding word which towards helping to develop that places a reception is the order of proves to be a lamp to the future promise of beauty and spiritual the day. Some churches arrange pathway of her young friend. force which lies latent in all for banquets, with members of The High School Group young persons so that it will find the church acting as individual splendid fruition in lives of servhosts and hostesses to their young guests. Sometimes affairs As a second objective, all coun- ice for Christ. of entirely informal character are desired and hikes, bacon bats selors encourage promising high ORIENTAL STUDENTS ON or visits to some country or sum- school students to go to college MODERN MISSIONS mer home are enjoyed. or to get further training along As the year progresses the lines of their special interest, not [Pastors, Sunday School teachers counselor comes to know her and mission study leaders may well students and her home becomes only for the sake of their own the mecca of girls and boys enrichment, but also as a natural ponder carefully these frank admoniwho are lonely, discouraged or . tions as indicating the method of aptroubled. She shows her interest part of their religious develop- proach necessary for a successful minand friendliness in many simple, gracious ways. One counselor ment and training for Christian istry among present day Orientals. In service and leadership. fact, does the matter not go deeper than mere methods into the realm of Counselors arrange for church recognition of the high school spiritual attitudes which represent most truly the mind of the Master in graduates through church Bac- his dealings with man?] calaureate Sundays, congratula- Thirty Chinese students at the takes to the dormitory a birth- tory notes to graduates, and the University of Pennsylvania were day cake whenever anyone of like. They also encourage church recently invited to dine with an her girls is celebrating her natal day. Flowers from her garden and individual scholarship funds outgoing missionary under ap- for ambitious high school stu- pointment as a nurse in their are shared with the girls. "I never knew how much I loved dents without means. It is im- native land. After a simple meal portant for the church to be vi- the gathering was turned into apple blossoms until Mrs. – – brought some to my room this tally interested in the educa- an informal round table of ad- tional equipment of its youth, vice. The twenty-two students spring," said one girl who was far from the orchard fragrance and for the young people to feel present were asked to prepare of her father's farm. the missionary for what she was the warmth of the church's in- soon to meet in China, as well as terest in practical ways as they One counselor, through the seek to train themselves for a to give her any advice or admostudent church s c h 0 0 I class fine type of leadership. which she teaches, arranges each . nitions they deemed desirable. year for a Home-coming Sunday The Graduate Group They were a mixture of Bud- dhists, Mohammedans, Chrisfor parents. The students vie As the counselor's encourage- tians and open-minded inquirers with each other in bringing their ment and help reaches down to of no declared faith. For more parents from afar to spend a the prospective college student, than two hours they held the day of happy fellowship with so she reaches forward to the floor and their admonitions were them as guests of the church. college graduate. To conserve his a symposium of practical sug- In seeking to find a place of or her interest and ability for gestions both for foreign workusefulness and activity for her the church's needs and opportu- ers and for their backers at students in the local church, one nities is the privilege of the home.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Do not become high-hat, giving our rested on a paper ocean stretch- together. All efforts down to date people the feeling that you are supe- have, however, proved insufficient. ing down the expanse of white Every reform is born in an atmosrior to them and that your country cloth. Blue crepe paper was phere previously created, but the is greater than their country. stretched and then crumpled to Church of Jesus Christ is far behind Have an abundance of patience, for there will be many things to irritate. represent waves whose crests the leadership of her Master in shap- Do not go to our country feeling ing the atmosphere for a warless that just because you come from a were white-capped with touches world. Mental disarmament must abforeign country you can boss us of white paint or moistened raw solutely precede disarmament of any around. other sort. The creation of such an starch. An expansive mirror, The trouble with so many mission- laid flat and bordered with twigs attitude of mind among nations of aries in our country has been that the earth is peculiarly the task of they are not as well prepared as the for trees, is effective to repre- the Church, and of America in par- ticular. Chinese whom they try to win to their sent water. religion. A hostess in appropriate na- The central ship was named "America," as the flagship of the Rid yourself of all racial feeling; tional costume sat at one end of World Peace Fleet about to be for the Chinese folks to whom you each table and a toast speaker assembled to render obsolete the or singer at the other. Impro- war fleets of the earth. But minister will soon sense any feeling vised foreign costumes were welof racial superiority. comed, if guests could procure America must have cooperation. A spokesman from the Chinese Adapt yourself as soon as possible table was called upon to present her auxiliary cruiser "Friendto the absence of all United States conveniences, such as a bath tub in them. At each plate stood a tiny ship" and to give a ten-minute every home, running hot water in Christmas candle, imbedded in a 'talk on cultivation of friendly, large gum drop for stability; red confidence-filled, trustful relaabundance, etc., and do not constantly candles were used at the Jap- tions with all other nations of remind us that you are missing these c.onveniences.

Do not be overcome by discourage- anese . table to harmonize with earth. Acceptance of cruiser fol- the tiny Japanese flag on the lowed. ments. You will meet many more ship, and an alternation of red, than we have met as students in your white and blue candles stood on The spokesman for India (a country. young college man on whom a share of the fighting would fall Missionaries must show the real in the event of another war) was called upon to present his cruisspirit of America to China to offset the United States table. er, "Partnership," to represent the disillusionment of our people be- our cordial, cooperative relations No.1, the key-table, was American. with other nationalities, who are cause of the way foreign countries our equals in endowments if not Columbia, resplendent in white robe, always in opportunity. have treated us in the past. bunting cape with red and blue straps, Medical service makes friends much a gilt-star necklace and a coronet, act- Japan next presented her toast ing as hostess, the toastmistress serv- in the form of a solo, "My Task," more quickly because it is an easier ing as her vis-a-vis. From the mast as expressive of "Kinship." way to demonstrate friendship. of the central ship long lines of tiny U. S. flags extended to the ends of From the Philippine Island When you sail up the river to the table. Towed behind this "good world came the toast on "States- Shanghai, you will see the gunboats ship, America," was a captive war vessel whose flag of combat had been of so many nations anchored in the river. Ask yourself the question that replaced by the Christian flag. educated Chinese are always asking- Table No.2, representing China, "Why? Why? Why?" was centered by a Chinese junk made Learn to play with us, for it is the easiest way in every country to be- by the son of a returned missionary. come acquainted. No. 3 represented India. No.4, Japan. We ought to do away with the term No.5, the Philippine Islands. "missionary" which has come to have No.6, the Cosmopolitan aggregaan unpleasant significance. I do not know what to offer, but it ought to be tion of many other nations. something like "international friend."

AN INTERNATIONAL No.7, "The New World of Uni- manship," showing what our versal Peace and Goodwill"-a land men of affairs can do. DINNER as yet uncharted but plainly visible to the eye of faith. The Cosmopolitan table pre- This program, given at a large sented a speaker for the climax: gathering in Granville, Ohio, was Merriment for the young folk "Fellowship." This was a disan earnest effort to arouse Chris- in the way of home-made jingles, tinctively religious talk, putting set to familiar tunes, was pro- the matter specifically up to the tian people to their obligation to vided between courses. At the Christian Church if it would be close of the meal the toastmis- consistent in holding its teachcreate the spirit of friendship in tress gave the setting for the ing of the fatherhood of God and which all international disputes theme: man's brotherhood in Christ. may be settled by arbitration "The New World of Peace rather than by a resort to force. "Fourteen years since the jubilant and Goodwill" offered a soloist The program was planned and announcement of the close of 'The carried out in an earnest spirit War to End War.'''

of prayer and produced a pro- Quotations from current literature rendering "The Lord Is My found impression. were given, and reliable facts as to Tables were decorated with Strength," as a toast on "Lord- present armament burden, warlike at- ship." flags, doilies, curios, statuettes, titudes of mind, suspicions, hatred, The toastmistress then de- jeal.ousies among nations, etc. She etc., to represent different na- pointed out the foolishness of con- clared that the spiritual will to tions. A ship's model, such as demning efforts of statesmen and arbi- . decorates a mantelpiece, formed peace should be substituted for the centerpiece of each table and trators looking toward disarmament the war system of the nations, of nations, since reforms are usually the product of many factors working and that the ideals of the King-

dom of God could be brought to publicity. This is accepted as dergartens. Bring pieces of cloth, pass only through catching the fundamental in the business thimble and scissors, to cut and sew spirit of Him who said, "I am world, but religious workers blocks for quilts to be sent to orthe light of the world." In sym- often neglect or even discount phanages. These things sell the misbolism of this she lighted a can- advertising as s a v 0 r i n g 0 f sionary society and create interest. dle at the masthead of the flag- "worldliness," overlooking the When the folks are absent miss them ship before her. (This was the fact that the only culpability and tell them so. signal for turning off all electric would consist in failing to "delights in the room.) Two white- liver the goods" as advertised. Sell the Woman's Missionary Sorobed peace emissaries then ap- ciety to the prospective members by peared, bearing tall white can- Mrs. Bess Judd Doty, Pastor's personal letters and clever invitations. dles, which they kindled at the Assistant in the First Methodist (Picture of a zeppelin with the words Christ candle and carried in suc- Church of Cleveland, says: -"We're making a flying trip to the cession to each hostess in the new Brewster Hospital at Jacksonroom. As the hostess received Publicity is of value only as you ville, Florida. Leave First Church the light for her own tiny place- have something worth advertising and Wednesday afternoon at three o'clock. candle, she repeated: "The light we assume that your program has Gome along!") . . . Ask the church of World Peace is kindled in the been thoughtfully and prayerfully secretary for a list of prospective heart of China (or India, or prepared, that it is alive and worth members; divide the membership into Japan, etc.). It glows brightly while. Who knows that you have a groups and assign new names to each. and passes on" – lighting the Woman's Missionary Society? Speak- Ask each member to interest herself candles of her neighbor on the ing in business terms, you are to sell in a prospective member; to call for right and on the left. Each guest this organization-first, to yourself. these women and take them to the thus receiving a light,turned and You must yourself believe in the im- meeting. Use the telephone. Do not passed it on to her neighbor un- portance of the task before you can criticize the society, the officers .or the til every candle in the now dark- convince others. As Publicity Secre- workers. Never belittle the work of ened room was glowing. tary you should be a member of the any other organization to gain mem- program committee so that you may bers for your own. Talk it up, never A trio of women rose and sang catch the enthusiasm and know from down. . . • with deep expression three stan- the start what you are to advertise. zas of "The Light of the World Sell your auxiliary of the Woman's Is Jesus." At each repetition of Seoond, sell the Woman's Mission- Missionary Society to the world. Send this musical phrase, everyone in ary Society to your pastor. . . . notes of grateful appreciation to outthe room elevated his candle and Give him a written, detailed notice siders who serve in any way. Write sang the words, then lowered it for the church bulletin, do not rush up accounts of special meetings or again until the next recurrence. up after the morning worship serv- social affairs and send them to your The toastmistress rep eat e d ice and say: "Don't forget to put in local and denominational publications. reverentially: "As light begets a notice about our meeting next Any news and worthwhile suggestions light, so Friendship, Partner- week." If it is not important to you, for securing members, for unusual ship, Kinship, Statesmanship, it is not important to him. . . . programs or for raising money will Fellowship, Lordship are passed always find a place in the columns of from person to person until all Ask him as he calls to tell what church papers. "Sell your Woman's the world becomes a brother- fine work your society is doing. You'll Missionary Society!" hood and World Peace through cheer his heart by your enthusiasm. Christ, our Saviour, shall be AMERICA FIRST? realized upon earth." After a meeting report to him the number of new folks who attended. Bishop G. Ashton Oldham, in a ser- A prayer closed this service, Tell him that the budget is all mon preached at Washington, ma~e an whose devotional and consecra- pledged, and that the women packed impassioned appeal that Americans tional effect was very deep. a wonderful supply box, etc. . . . should secure for their country "first Invite him to the luncheons or din- This program may be used ners and invite his wife, giving them place"- without a dinner, though the as- complimentary tickets. . . . Not merely in matters material, but sembling power and decorative opportunities of the gathering Use the bulletin board and black- in things of the spirit. around the tables enhance the board. Use attractive posters and get Not merely in science, inventions, values. A similar program may them up early. . . . Send out mimbe prepared for expressing the eographed notices, cleverly illustrated. motors and skyscrapers, but also in need and the spread of the Gos- Throw out the challenge of the task. ideals, principles, character. pel of Christ throughout all the . . . Present information in an world. attractive form. Have a "Mission Not merely in the calm assertion of School" (send out the invitations in rights, but in the glad assumption of PUBLICITY POINTERS the shape of different states and write, "What state is this? Come pre- duties. The best programs, plans and pared to tell what missionary home or Not flaunting in her strength as a policies will fall short of their school is located in this state.") . . . possibilities without adequate Learn to use new members-assign giant, but bending over in helpfulness tasks. Make money raising a pleas- over a sick and wounded world like ure. Talk tithing. Lay a mile of a Good Samaritan. pennies-16 pennies to a foot, $844.80 in a mile. Give out "Rainy Day Not in splendid isolation, but in Bags" in which to drop a nickel every courageous cooperation. time it rains. Raise a certain sum for a salary by dividing the amount Not in pride, arrogance and dis- into small gifts per month, per week, dain of other races and peoples, but per day, etc., and ask pledges for in sympathy, love and understanding. these amounts. Make scrap books for hospitals. Save fancy envelope lin- Not in treading again the old worn, ings and send them to mission kin- bloody pathway which ends inevitably in chaos and disaster, but in blazing a new trail along which, please God, other nations will follow into the new Jerusalem where wars shall be no more.

Some day some nation must take that path-unless we are to lapse once again into utter barbarism-and that honor I covet for my beloved America.

Women's Home and Foreign

HELEN M. BruCKMAN, 105 EAST TWENTy-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK; COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK; FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA PRESENT-DAY HOME Migrant Fellowship, made pos- s tor i e s and dramatizations, MISSIONS sible through the cooperation of han d w 0 r k, hom e nursery a grower, was completed. courses, infant care, carpentry, The Annual Meeting of the sewing, cooking, health educa- Council of Women for Home In the legislative field there tion and recreation were all a Missions held January 4-6,1932, have been marked advances. part of the activities in the difin Toronto, Canada, was a Delaware raised the working ferent centers. memorable occasion made so by age of children in canneries the true hospitality expressed in from twelve to fourteen years. International Relations many ways by the Canadian The canners of the state backed friends who gave the delegates this legislation. Pennsylvania The report of the Committee from the States a most hearty has made school attendance by on International ReI a t ion s welcome. showed that the Council has ANNE SEESHOLTZ, Executive Secretary, been particularly active during In the very opening session, Council of Women for Home Missions the past year in this field, carry- Miss Anne Seesholtz was elected ing on work in cooperation with Executive Secretary of the migrant children compulsory no the ten other national organiza- Council of Women for Home matter from what state they tions of women constituent to Mis s ion s, succeeding Miss come. New Jersey is now work- the National Committee on the Florence E. Quinlan. Miss See- ing on a plan of education Cause and Cure of War. Tosholtz comes to this position through special classes and also gether the Federation, Council with exceptional training and a housing code for migrant and National Council of Fedexperience in the religious and camps. erated Church Women secured educational fields. She assumed over 145,000 signatures to a her office on February 1 and will In the work on the field the petition addressed to the Interin future serve as one of the standards were raised. In the national Disarmament Congress editors of this "Bulletin." t wen t y fields in California, at Geneva, urging the Confer- Oregon, Washington, Colorado, ence to gratify the expectations Reports given at the meeting New York, New Jersey, Dela- and hopes of the world by puts howe d interesting develop- ware and Maryland where the ting into immediate and unhesiments in the home mission Council of Women for Home tating effect the pledges already realm. Missions has organized Chris- made for the reduction of na- tian social service work there tional armaments. We are re- Migrant Work was real achievement. Bible joicing that the church women were able to more than double The report of the Committee their quota of 60,000 signatures. on Migrant Work revealed the Altogether over 700,000 women grave effect of the economic situ- in the United States signed this ation upon the migrant group. petition. Work in cannery centers has been unsteady and local workers Indian Work out of regular employment have crowded out the migrant labor- The work with Indians in ers. Wages were reduced as Canada was presented by Mrs. much as 331/3 per cent in some H. A. Lavell and Mrs. D. T. L. places. McKerroll of Canada and in the States by Rev. Frank A. Smith, In spite of difficult times em- D. D., Chairman of the Joint ployers and groups in migrant Committee on Indian Work and areas have maintained their Miss Helen M. B ric k man, level of cooperation or exceeded former Director, Indian Work. it to such an extent that they contributed actually 37 per cent The statement was made that of the total expenditures in the Indian population of Canada, Migrant Work in 1931. now something over 108,000, is This year the work under the [173]

peaceful and happy and more superintendents and principals denominational agencies are acand more showing an interest in have meant changes in the whole tively supporting it. public affairs. The influence of school set-up, including the rethe Christian Church through ligious program. The young In- World Day of Prayer her missionary contacts and the processes of education and train- dians, too, during these last "One cannot but be impressed ing along many practical lines years have reflected the uneasi- wit h the significance of the have done much to develop in ness and uncertainty of the WorId Day of Prayer for such a these people a spirit of content- school employees; the increasing time as this," stated the report ment and a desire to make some- poverty and suffering of their of the Committee on World Day thing of their lives. History people has caused most of them of Prayer. "Every nation the shows that many Indians have the greatest distress, and one world around has been passing not only marked ability and must add to these factors the through times of unprecedented gifts beyond the average but are utter bewilderment which these distress. What a time is this for ambitious to contribute some- young people feel as they face Christians in all lands to bear thing to the world's work. In life and work in their country one another's burdens in united these types the Indian is seen at under conditions such as exist intercession – nation with nahis best with race tendencies today. Any religious program tion, race with race. well in control. All the churches in Canada have had a share in must take into account these "Prayer truly is dynamic. We the work of Indian missions. factors. In addition to these, have wit n e sse d this united The Roman Catholics were the however, the religious work di- prayer service fairly leap from first on the field and signs of rectors have faced the perplexity country to country until on Febtheir zeal as missionaries are of administering a program of ruary 20, 1931, Christians in evident in every province of the more than twoscore countries Dominion. Nearly half of the religious education which will had joined the fellowship of Indian population of Canada are meet the requirements of the united intercession." Roman Catholic. The Anglican school, which will be acceptable Church leads the Protestant de- to local churches, which will It was announced that Mrs. nominations in numbers, and it measure up to the standards de- C. C. Chen of China is the author is interesting to note that the sired by the Joint Indian Com- of the program for March 3, very first Anglican Church in mittee, and which will also meet 1933, and that the Call to Prayer Upper Canada was the one built their needs as the young Indian will be prepared by an American on the Mohawk Reserve near people themselves see them. Indian. Brantford in 1785. The Presbyterians, too, have a long record Certain definite objectives for Study Courses of splendid work, and the United the religious program have been Church of Canada, through one uppermost during the last few The report of the Committee of its constituent bodies, dates years, and definite progress on Study Courses revealed that its work for Indians back to although the sale of home mis- toward these goals made. In the sion study books has been affect- 1824. great effort to lead Indian boys ed this past year by the general and girls into a knowledge of depression, the record of sales is In its work of the year the and love for Jesus Christ, their slightly over last year. Joint Committee on Indian Lord and Master, church an·d Work has kept before it the The program for the coming definition of its task as accepted worship services, Sunday School year is as near completion as is by the Home Missions Congress, classes, denominational meet- possible at this time. The adult "Our task is preeminently spir- ings, religious clubs, and week- book, now ,in manuscript form, itual-the bringing of every In- day courses in religious educa- is a collaboration by Dr. Lewis dian into allegiance with our tion have been emphasized and Meriam and Dr. George W. Hin- Lord and Saviour for worship man, both of whom have a wide and service in His Kingdom, strengthened. acquaintance with Indian Work. that with Christians of other Dr. Meriam, whose survey for races they may interpret and ac- In order to develop religious the government has made him cept the full meaning of His leadership increasing responsi- an authority, has an exceeding- Lordship in their lives." bility for planning and assisting ly sympathetic attitude toward in the religious program has Indians. Dr. Hinman's relation- The report brought out the been given to the Indian young ships to the work of his own defact that the changes in the ad- people themselves and in several nomination and the Service Comministration of Indian affairs mittee on Indians has given him have had an effect upon the re-· of the schools real initiative has an equally broad knowledge from the standpoint of Christian ligious program in the Indian been shown. missions. schools. While there has been Eight denominations through splendid cooperation on the part Miss Winifred Hulbert spent of school authorities, changes in their ten mission boards now nearly five months visiting In- recognize the Service Committee dian schools and mission sta- on Indians, which serves as a tions on Indian fields and has the liaison agency between the mis- sion boards and tlie government, and have indicated their general willingness to work through it as occasion requires. Two inter-

WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

book for young people well in Honorable N. W. Rowell, K. C., national Relations, Race Relahand. She is also preparing a Vice-President of the Institute tions, and World Day of Prayer. unit course for intermediates on Pacific Relations. He pointed based on "Three Arrows" by E. out the necessity for a world out- With the Home Missions Coun- Ryerson Young, an intermediate look on problems and the need cil there are joint committees on reading book. for christianizing ecclesiastical, Alaska, City and New Ameri- social, economic and interna- cans, Com i t y and Five-Year A course book for juniors is tional relations. He urged the Program, Indian Work and Probeing written by Katharine Church to realize the importance motion. Gladfelter, while for primary of allaying racial prejudices and children stories are being fur- national antipathies, and to use Editor's Note: At the same time that the nished by Florence C. Means and its power to further public opin- Council of Women held its Annual Meeting, teacher's material by Frances ion in increasing international the Home Missions Council also met, joint Somers Riggs. An additional in- cooperation. sessions taking place in the afternoon and sert sheet of American Indian evening of each day. Report of joint work sketches will be prepared to ac- Officers and resolutions adopted by both bodies appear company the North American elsewhere in this issue. Picture Map already in print. The following officers and ex- ecutive officers were elected: THE ANNUAL INVENTORY Addresses Honorary President-Mrs. George W. The Annual Meeting of the Stirring addresses by promi- Federation of Woman's Boards nent men and women of the Coleman. of Foreign Missions of North United States and Canada were America was held at the Hotel heard. President-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. Gramatan, Bronxville, N. Y., First Vice-President-Mrs. Philip M. January 9-11, 1932. This is the Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, President time when the Federation takes of the Council of Women, cited Rossman. inventory of stock, discovers the many instances of devoted serv- things which have been done ice on home mission fields. Second Vice-President – Mrs. May m 0 s t advantageously through the past year, and how they may Bishop Francis J. McConnell, Leonard Woodruff. be improved upon for the next President of the Federal Council Third Vice-President-Mrs. Fred S. year. of Churches, stoutly defended the Church's right to have a Bennett. . During this year the work of voice in all matters pertaining to Recording Secretary-Miss Julia Flor- many ofthe committees has been national and international wel- outstanding and has made a very fare. Speaking on "The Place of ance. real contribution to the missionthe Church in Democracy," he Treasurer-Mrs. Edwin W. Lentz. ary enterprise. The Committee said that the Church should not on Missionary Preparation has be muzzled in her attempt to Executive Secretary-Miss Anne See- been making a study of some of voice the Christian attitude with the problems of recruiting and regard to war, disarmament, sholtz. preparation of candidates and temperance and other social and Secretary for Migrant Work-Miss of the type of workers and trainindustrial problems. ing needed in specific cases. This Edith E. Lowry. committee recently assembled a Miss Mabel Cartwright, LL.D., Western Field Secretary and Super- group of twenty-five candidate President of the Women's Aux- visor for Migrant Work – Miss secretaries, members of candiiliary of the Ontario Diocese, date committees and mission- Church of England in Canada, Adela J. Ballard. aries together with such specialspoke on "The Adventure in Assistant Treasurer-Miss G. Evelyn ists as Dr. Carney and Dr. Case Life." She deplored the idea of of Teachers College and Dr. many that religion has left ad- Morse. Reisner of the Committee on Agventure outside, stating that the Office Secretary-Miss Virginia Kai- ricultural Missions. The group Christian religion was the great headed by Dr. Donohugh herself adventure of the ages. One of ser. had a most interesting conferthe great adventures of the ence on "Women Workers in present day, she pointed out, was Chairmen Rural Areas – Their Qualificato be found in helping to solve tions and Preparation." It is some of the problems of the com- The following chairmen 0 f hoped that there will be very munity such as unemployment, standing commi ttees were definite results from this conferdistribution of wealth, friendli- elected: ence. ness to the stranger in the neighborhood, and provision of whole- Administrative-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. The Committee on Foreign some recreation. Chautauqua Home Missions Institute Students has been doing a very interesting piece of work this "Forced by the progress of -Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. year in cooperation with the events, we now live in a world, Finance-Miss Ann Elizabeth Taylor. Committee on Friendly Relanot a community," stated the Legislative Matters – Mrs. Samuel tions, the Foreign Student Com- Semple. Study Courses-Miss May Huston. Young People's Work- Miss Muriel Day.

As yet the Chairman of the Committee on Migrant Work has not been named. It was deeply regretted that Mrs. Kenneth Dexter Miller felt it necessary to relinquish the chairmanship of this committee.

There are joint committees with the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and National Council of Federated Church Women on Conferences and Schools of Missions, Inter-

mittee of the Y. W. C. A., and sire for this has been expressed Mrs. F. I. J ohns.on, that of the Committee of Refer- Mrs. H. A. Lavell, ence and Counsel. A limited sum by nationals speaking in this Mrs. James C. Colgate, of money has been made avail- country. It has already been Mrs. D. J. Fleming, able for cases of emergency need tried with success in the cases among foreign students and al- of union institutions and in the Mrs. William L. Darby, ready a goodly number of stu- union work in Mesopotamia and Mrs. Ernest A. Evans, dents have been helped in the in Santo Domingo. A committee Mrs. L. R. RQunds, solution of their problems. Plans will study possibilities, ways and means during this coming year. Mrs. L. L. Anewalt. Secretary-Mrs. John C. ShQver. Treasurer-Mrs. Frank GaylQrd Cook. Assistant Treasurer-Mrs. Philip M.

are going forward for two or On Sunday evening the Fed- Rossman. three conferences in foreign stu- eration enjoyed a family supper Executive Secretary-Miss FlQrence dent centers in different parts of the country, and the Committee with guests fro m Bronxville, G. Tyler. is also working to secure hospi- New York, and elsewhere. The tality for these students in Chris- following missionaries spoke: Chairmen Miss Olivia Lindsay from Japan, Chairmen of standing com- mittees are: tian hom e s , also to provide Dr. Hawthorne Darby from the Constitution and By-Laws-Miss Carspeaking engagements for them Philippines, Mrs. Arthur Harper rie M. Kerschner. from India, Miss Elsie Kittlitz which will bring some remuner- from China, and Miss Charlotte Home Base Cultivation-Miss Amelia ation. D. Kemp.

Industrial Missions' Products – Miss .The week-end at Bronxville Wyckoff from India, while the Lucy Kent. was a very profitable one, as the final messages of the evening Missionary Preparation-Mrs. Agnes program was most worthwhile. were from Ma Sa Tin of Burma C. L. Donohugh. The theme for the meeting was and Miss Carol Chen of China. Missions and Governments – Mrs.

William L. Darby. Nominations-Mrs. S. S. Hough. "Launch Out Into the Deep." The meeting continued through Interdenominational Institutions on Dr. D. J. Fleming of Union Sem- Monday with speeches from reinary spoke on Saturday evening cently returned travellers from the Foreign Field – Miss Minnie Sandberg. and laid before the delegates the Orient-Mrs. John MacGil- Finance Committee – Mrs. L. R. some of the problems which must livray and Mrs. Frank Gaylord Rounds.

be faced by mission boards in Cook-and a splendid presenta- THE UNKNOWN CHRISTIAN the near future in order to meet tion of home base interests led I the needs of a new day. Dr. by Miss Amelia D. Kemp of What was his name? I do not knQW his name: James H. Franklin, Administra- Philadelphia and followed by a I only kn.oW he heard GQd's voice and tive Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Soci- discussion. came. The message of this Annual Brought all he lQved across the sea, ety, spoke Sunday morning on Meeting is well voiced by the old . . . . To ·live a.nd wQrk fQ.r GQd-and me. "Christ's Perpetual Challenge- hymn which had been adapted And at the end, withQut memQrial for the occasion by Mrs. Amelia 'Launch Out Into the Deep' " – Josephine Burr Elmore and died; taking up the spiritual issues which was sung a number of No blaring trumpet sQunded .out his facing every Christian today in fame; making his own life tally up to times during the meetings: He lived, he died; I dQ nQt knQw his the Gospel he professes-in race relations, in industrial relations, The power of God is an ocean divine, name. in personal relations. Dr. Frank- A boundless and fathomless flood. lin told of many of the Chinese Launch out in the deep, n Christians with whom he had Cut away the shore line, had fellowship during his recent And buoyantly venture with God. NQ fQrm of brQnze and nQ mem.orial trip to the Orient and drew fur- Launch out into the deep, and let the stones shore line go. Sh.oW me the place where lie his · m.ouldering b.ones.

. .. ..

Only a thousand h.omes, Where every day the cheerful play ther illustration from Kagawa, Launch out, launch out .on the ocean Of l.ove and h.ope and courage c.omes. the great spiritual leader of S.o br.oad, These are his monument and these Japan. Out where the full tides flow. al.one: Sunday afternoon was given There is n.o form .of brQnze and nQ up to a forum hour led by Miss Officers Sarah Lyon of the Foreign De- memQrial stQne. partment of the Y. W. C. A. At Newly elected officers of the this time many of the problems Federation of Woman's Boards III of Foreign Missions are: Is there SQme desert .or SQme pathless of mission boards were brought out and it was decided that this President – Mrs. Howard Wayne sea forum hour would be continued Smith. Where ThQu, great God .of angels, wilt another year. One of the for- Honorary Vice-PresUl:ent-Mrs. Henry · se.nd me.? . . . . W. Peabody. TQ feed the waiting children .of my First Vice-President-Miss Margaret GQd?

E. Hodge. ShQW me the desert, Father, .or the sea. Vice-Presidents-Mrs. DeWitt Knox, Is it Thine enterprise? Great GQd, ward-looking projects discussed Mrs. William Edgar Geil, send me; was the possibility of sending Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, And thQugh this bQdy lie where ocean missionaries to the field without denominational labels. The de- Mrs. Hume R. Steele, rQlls, CQunt me amQng All Faithful SQuls.

-E. E. HALE.

j" Our W orld;-wide

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~~~~~I NORTH AMERICA and creep up the aisles. They bless Community Chest Receipts themselves when there is a storm. Religious Ignorance Among Children They put holy water on their beds at A grand total of $100,000,000 night, and when they are sick, they -a new record for community Even in privileged America use a lot of holy water. chests in a single fiscal yearchildren are surprisingly igno- As long as nothing is done to seems to be assured for 1932 acrant and prejudiced on religious get at the root of ignorance, we cording to a summary of' the matters. They know little of need expect nothing but intoler- ance. Propaganda for better campaigns already completed in their own religion and less of the understanding should be carried religion of their neighbors. on among the children as well 206 out of 391 cities. This sum- as among adults. mary was submitted to Walter An investigation made by Dr. Florida Missionary Assemblies S. Gifford, director of the Presi- Adelaide T. Case, Professor of dent's Organization on Unem- Education at Columbia Univer- "This Chain of Missionary sity, has undertaken to get the Assemblies is a unique experi- ployment Relief, by J. Herbert ment," writes Mrs. Henry W. Case, president of the National reactions of 1,000 children. Dr. Peabody, the advisory chairman. Association 0 f Community Case asked them (Leon Freeman says in The American He- For two years the committee Chests and Councils. The 206 brew) to write on religions other has arranged for great mission- campaigns already completed ary leaders, representing all than their own. evangelical denominations and have raised $67,865,808, com- nearly every field in the world, pared with aggregate goals of Most of the children have only to go through Florida with their $67,102,223, or 101.1 per cent of a vague association of external message. The effect has been practices of religion. They form beyond the hopes of the commit- their goals. For the normal generalizations from children tee. Forty-five states were rep- year of 1928 the entire group they happen to know. resented in the registration list of chests then in existence raised last year. It has proved a tre- Italian girls ten or eleven mendous help to Florida church- only $67,000,000. This total inyears old, writing "all they es and to the mission cause. creased each year of the depres- knew" about the Jews, said: This year two more cities were sion until $82,000,000 was ob- added, Palm Beach and J ackson- tained in 1931. With 185 cities They eat matzoths, cabbage, fish, ville. The Assemblies began in still to report or to hold their regular campaigns after Januaand pickles; they believe in Moses' ry 1, it is expected that when they eat from gold waonrdk;silsvoemreplJaetews~' the results are tabulated a recand don't like to ord of $100,000,000 will have been made. hate God; when they pray they touch their beards and say, "Baba la About 30 per cent of the sum Frisca," which means "We praise, thee, 0 Lord." raised last year by 391 Commu- nity Chests went for unemploy- Some Jewish boys wrote about Miami January 16, and went on ment relief. People who have Christians: been less affected by the depres- to Palm Beach, St. Petersburg, sion are giving generously. They eat bacon, ham and other Tampa, Clearwater, Orlando, things that are not kosher; they go to church on Sunday; Christmas is DeLand, and closed in J ackson- ville February 5.

their favorite holiday; they pray in The leaders included Dr. Rob- Relief for Coal Miners front of a cross and take their hats ert E. Speer, Rev. H. W. Myers, Starvation conditions, with off in church; the Prodisens made the of Japan; Mr. and Mrs. Swine- thousands of children under- Ku-Klux Klan; Jesus is their father, hart, of Korea; Dr. Lee Vroo- and the Christians copied the Bible from the Jews and translated it into man, of the International Col- nom:ished, lacking medical and English. lege, Turkey, and Princess Ata· hospital care and unable to go to S 0 m e Protestant children lea, of the Chickasaw Indian school because of lack of clothsummed up their knowledge of tribe. ing, and unsanitary and dilapi- the Catholics, thus: The forum had as its topic dated housing conditions, are Catholics say prayers with their "The Price of Safety," with found in the bituminous coal beads; the head of all the church IS daily periods: (1) National areas of West Virginia and Ken- the Pope, and he lives in a beautiful Safety; (2) International Safe.. tucky, according to the investipalace and people go from all over the ty; (3) Safeguards for Youth; gation made by the American world to kiss his hand. The Catholics worship idols. When they are in (4) Safeguards for the Church Friends Service Committee and chul'ch they get down on their knees and Its Missions. the Commission of the Federal [1'17]

Council of Churches. The severe were fr.om North Europe and they Mexicans Returning Home hardship is accentuated because brought an increase in Lutheran and of bank failures, low wages, un- Irish Catholic churches. Following a movement of the employment and over-developed Mexican people in Texas to reconditions of the coal industry The third period begins with 1890 turn to their native land, apwith cut-throat competition. The and c.ontinues to the World War. Dur- proximately 1,600 crossed the church investigators state that ing this period our immigrants were border at Laredo in one day of many well-meaning employers from southern and eastern Europe January. The Mexican governhave been caught and squeezed and they established an increased ment furnished transportation by this competition so that they, number of Italian, Polish and Bohe- to their homes on the other side. too, are unable to pay living mian Catholic churches and Jewish The reason is the same as that wages. Such conditions ought synagogues. which brought them into the not to exist in civilized America. S tat e s-economic conditions. The fourth period is from the World During the World War they Students for World Friendship War to the present time. The new- came by the hundreds to supply comers are from rural America, in- Sir Wilfred Grenfell an- cluding an increased number of Ne- the increased demand for labornounces the organization of a groes, Mexicans and rural whites. The ers at three times the wages society of college and secondary largest Protestant church is now a they were receiving at home. school students to study foreign Negro Baptist church of from twelve Now many prefer to face hunger affairs and promote interna- in their home land rather than tional goodwill. The new or- to fourteen thousand members. starve in the United States. In August last year only 139 Mexiganization is to be known as the The issue facing the Protest- cans entered the United States, all of them students or former North Atlantic Students League ant churches is "Can the Protof International Cooperation, estant churches by cooperative residents. and will embrace secondary planning accomplish what the Roman Catholics accomplish by centralized administration?" C h u r c h e s are succeeding which take account of the needs of their communitie&.

schools, high schools, colleges Color Lines in Methodism LATIN AMERICA and universities of the United States, Canada, Newfoundland An important move of the re- Liberal Movements in Colombia and England. It will function cent ecumenical conference of under the auspices of the Yale the Methodists in Atlanta, Geor- Many people are interested in Round Table of International gia, was the banishing of the the political situation in Colom- Relations and of the Connecticut color line from the sessions. bia, frequently referred to as Secondary Schools Society. Its The Southern Methodist Church "The New Liberal Movement." activity will be "studying for- acted as host and the delegates eign affairs and p'romoting in- were largely southern white peo- About seventy-five years ago telligent and friendly interna- ple, yet white and black dele- it was due to the temporary suc- gates sat together in the meet- cess of one of these movements tional relations between North ings on a basis of equality. "At- that citizens of Colombia invited American nations and all na- lanta made good in the matter of the Presbyterian Board of Fortions of the world." seeing to it that no discrimina- eign Missions to send missiona- tion was allowed," reports one ries with the Gospel. The move- Sir Wilfred recognizes a Negro Methodist leader. This is ment had to rest on illiteracy growing need that North Atlan- one of the most hopeful facts and superstition, as only a small tic nations shall work in har- noted in the South in recent percentage of the people were mony for world peace and years and is to the credit of literate. friendly international relation- Methodist leaders and the people ship. In the present situation it is quite different. There is now a . Chicago Religious Survey of Atlanta. One group of dele- public school system covering Dr. Arthur E. Holt, Professor gates discussed "Wider Human most of the territory of its fourof Social Ethics at Chicago Theological Seminary, has re- Relationships," and sought to in- teen states and even reaching cently completed a report of a clude in the convention's find- out into the larger municipaliunited religious survey of the ings provision for study of such ties of its six territories. Then city. Chicago, says this report, was settled in four epochs, color problems as exist in the there are the evangelical churchdominated by different racial East Indies, South Africa, the es with their numerous evangelistocks. Philippines and Haiti, as well as cal schools, including some of In the first epoch, from 1833 to in the United States. A resolu- the largest and best educational 1850, the old American stock came tion calling for action on these institutions on that continent, brin~ng Met hod.i s t, Presbyterian, giving instruction in secular and BaptIst, CongregatIOnal and Episco- issues was ruled out of order bv the chairman on the ground that Bible subjects to hundreds and palian churches. This stock is now thousands of children, young the findings could not include men and young women every found quite largely in the suburbs or reference to "specific evils." year. along the lake front. Thus the church seems con- The second settlement was from tent to denounce race discrimi- This new movement is based nation in the abstract but avoids on progress. It stands first for 1860 to 1890, when the newcomers dealing with "specific evils." international friendship, then

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

freedom of religion, freedom in to which the convicts have sunk. sickness, sin and superstition. education, freedom of the press Political influence and public Medical advice and treatment and freedom for the laboring apathy have proved too strong are given free to all who are unclass. But these very principles for humanitarian sentiment, and able to pay for them, irrespecset forth by the liberals are little has been done to alleviate tive of creed.

largely in the background of conditions. Now the Salvation Evangelistic services are con- the thinking and the desires of Army is to commence its work ducted during dispensary hours.

the leading conservatives. A and will bring the one remedial The vestibule and waiting room few days after President Olaya Force that can avail to lift these easily accommodates sixty per- was elected one of the leading men out of the fearful pit sons. Seated in the waiting conservative dailies said, "It is through the love and the grace room are those who have come time for the State Church to of God. The prayers of the in spite of opposition to seek adleave politics alone, let the gov- Christian public will go with vice and treatment.

ernment take care of material these soldiers who storm this Striking examples of the use- things, and let the church rule grim citadel of evil. fulness and abiding influence of in spiritual things." the mission have been met and A Negro Methodist Nurse for EUROPE testimonies from men, women and young people certify that Bolivia Young People in England the teaching was the means of Despite the slowing down in "In nearly forty years of leading them to fuller and more missionary activities, the Meth- Christian service," declared the scriptural knowledge of Christ. odist Episcopal Church has sent Rev. W. Charter Piggott of the out another missionary-Miss Congregational Union, "I have Scattered throughout the Lula Mae Allen-as a nurse to never been more attracted, chalengage in village nursing in In- lenged, quickened than by the world today there are many who dian communities near La Paz, young people who are round witness to the emancipating Bolivia. Miss Allen is a Negress about our churches today. I like power of the Gospel they learned and is the first member of her their independence and their race t(} be commissioned by a daring. And I am glad in the at the Medical Mission. Nor white church for missionary feeling that they are not to be are the activities of the Mission work in a part of the world . won by a religion which is cheap confined to the Dispensary, for a good work is being done in the homes of the people and in the surrounding districts.

other than Africa. In addition and easy, that does not answer Jesuits Expelled from Spain to her training as a nurse and their questions and their doubts experience as a supervising and make some real attempt to Pursuing her policy of putting nurse, Miss Allen has had spe- tackle the problems of life." an end to the activities of the cial preparation in a training Roman Catholic orders in Spain, school for Christian workers. A Scottish Forward Movement the government has now ordered the confiscation of the monas- The Salvation Army on Devil's The recent union of the two teries owned by the Society of Island leading Scottish Presbyterian Jesus, and will no longer permit churches is not to end with the the Jesuits to operate collective- Devil's Island is well named. ecclesiastical union. The new ly within the RepUblic. Found- In an interview with a corre- "Forward Movement" originally ed by Ignatius Loyola in 1534, spondent of The Tononto Globe, was for an advance in foreign the Society became the most General Higgins of the Salvation missions only, but its scope was powerful religious body in the Army revealed something of the widened later to include the world. They were expelled from plan for the amelioration of the home field. Twelve commissions Spain in 1767, but were allowed conditions in the colony. "Con- were appointed to consider the to return after a time. The orditions in French Guiana are be- responsibilities, opportunities, der is credited with having yond description," he said. "The and resources of the Church of about $100,000,000 of assets in rep 0 r t s which our officers Scotland. "The Call of the Spain, but the real property, brought back can never be pub- Church" gives the findings of which alone can be seized, is lished. If a hundredth part of these commissions which were rated at $30,000,000. The govwhat is said in the reports be reported to a Church Congress ernment action shows the extent true, French Guiana is nothing in Glasgow, where they were to which liberal forces have less than hell on earth." The discussed in addresses that made come into power. Salvation Army plans to open a profound impression on the work there and hopes to effect 2.500 delegates attending from Medical Missions in Portugal improvement. all parts of the country. Although there never was a Again and again the con- Limerick Medical Mission medical mission in Portugal unscience of France has been til last year, evangelical work stirred by reports from Guiana The Limerick Medical Mis- among the Portuguese began telling of conditions there, and sion of the Irish Church Mission with the efforts of a medical the unspeakable degradation in- continues to operate against missionary, Dr. Robert Reid

Kalley, who went to Madeira in were converted to Evangelical was the spirit of friendship and 1838 on account of his wife's health, learned Portuguese, un- faith. The authorities, unwill- desire to cooperate which chardertook medical missionary ing to recognize the new spirit acterized the meetings. Such a work and started Christian schools. Opposition of the of tolerance abroad in Italy, en- conference is certain to advance priests in 1846 compelled Dr. Kalley and several hundred deavored to get the law to sup- the cause of peace in this diffi- Evangelicals to flee, and for 21 years he served in Brazil. port the Claim the Papal Church cult part of Europe.

About one year ago the Lisbon makes that such persons must Medical Mission was founded by Dr. Alan G. Bodman of Great ever remain Romanists, and that AFRICA Britain. Dependence for all no change of religion shall be needs of the work is placed on prayer and the second year's recognized. When the case was Real Famine in Egypt work starts with twenty-five believers, several of whom are tak- called, these Evangelicals, some This is not a famine of bread ing a share in the work. such as was in the time of J 0- educated and some ignorant, re- seph, though poverty still Church Decline in Germany sponded to the charge with a public testimony of their faith, abounds in the Nile Valley. The During the last few years, leaving their accusers discom- serious poverty today is due to a church membership in Germany, especially in Berlin, has shown fited. The case had powerful re- famine of the Bread of Life. In a decline. The reason is chiefly the Delta of Egypt alone there the economic depression and verberations throughout Italy. the consequent poverty. The state claims twenty per cent of Awakening in Czechoslovakia are over 250 towns, besides hunevery income, and the church dreds of smaller villages, where another ten per cent. For many this is impossible. In 1927, 36,- One of the remarkable relig- there are none to tell of Christ's 700 members of the 3,000,000 ious movements of modern Way of Life-and where ignorbelonging to the Protestant Church in Berlin, laid down times was the revolution that ance, superstition, disease, povtheir membership. In 1928 the number increased to 46,000; in took place in Czechoslovakia in erty and demoralizing sin 1929 to 50,500, and in 1930 to 59,300. The Roman Catholic 1918, which has led to spiritual abound. church figures are in proportion. reformation and industrial re- When the first American mis- Of the 400,000 Roman Catholics in Berlin, 4,500 resigned mem- vival. In a few years over a sionaries, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas bership in 1927, 5,600 in 1928, 6,600 in 1929, and 6,800 in 1930. million Catholics left the Church McCayne, landed in Alexandria In Berlin, there are about 177,- 000 Jews, of whom about 560 of Rome and Czechoslovakia is seventy-seven years ago, they break their connection with the synagogue every year. During now one of the most vigorous met with fierce opposition from the last five years, 260,700 Protestants, 30,400 Rom a n and progressive of European the four million Moslems and Catholics, and 3,410 Jews have left their respective churches. nations. In 1914, its very name· half a million Copts. Now there Can Italians Change Faith? was unknown. In 1918, it had is a strong Evangelical Church Last October, four women and won international recognition in Egypt with 20,000 members. eight men from the Abruzzi district in Italy were called before and today its statesmen boast of But there are today in the Valthe chief magistrate to answer a national progress and prosper- ley of the Nile 13,000,000 Mosfor having described themselves as Protestant Christians instead ity which has not been sur- lems and 900,000 Copts-over of Roman Catholics in the re- passed. Its spiritual advance is three-fourths the number found cent national census. They had shown by the fact that the pow- there in 1860. Faced with this been baptized Catholics, but er of the priesthood has been growing problem Christians broken, and hundreds of priests need to throb with new life- themselves have seceded. The the life of the Spirit of God. awakening of the spirit of the Reformation has led to an ag- A Moslem Defends Christians gressive evangelism, not brought Ali Saif en Nasr, the son of about by any organized Protes- a wealthy and devout Moslem chief in the Fayoum Oasis, came tant propaganda, but the result of the spontaneous desire of the to the American University at people to bear witness to the Cairo in 1923, with the express reality of a new religion and a understanding on his part that determination to spread evan- he would not submit to Chris- gelical Christianity. tian "propaganda."

Balkan Friendship Conference Four years passed, with Ali becoming increasingly active in An important movement for dormitory social life, athletics international friendship and co- and college activities in general, operation is the second Balkan till he became the student cheer conference, held in Constantin- leader and a prophet of sports- ople in November. This brought manship. He had forgotten his together delegates from Al- hostile attitude in daily and Sun- bania, Bulgaria, Greece, Jugo- day chapel which are a part of slavia, Roumania and Turkey. the college life to which he was The principal positive ad- devoted. vance made by the conference In 1928 he wandered one eve-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ning into a downtown mass said that he too had been a very New Sahara Exploration meeting of 500 Sheikhs of the bad man, and at the time the Azhar and listened to an im- Bangwanas raided the country Dugald Campbell, F. R. G. S., passioned declaration of hate he had a brother killed. He of Scotland, a former co-misagainst Christianity followed by joined the Bangwanas and went sionary with the late Dan Crawa riotous clamor to persecute with them to other tribes and ford, recently completed a jourany and all converts to Chris- raided them. "We killed many ney of 5,000 miles from the Attianity. As the air grew heavy people, and divided their bodies lantic to the Red Sea. He has with imprecations and threats, amongst the women of the vil- now started upon another ex- Ali protested with his nearest lages," and he of course had his pedition which will probably neighbors against intolerance share. As I looked at these one occupy him for the next three and bigotry. He was threatened time cannibals, can you wonder years. From Tripoli he will go with canes and taunted with be- that my heart sang for joy that through a large number of the ing a Christian. He jumped to Christ can touch these folk and oases in Tripolitania, will visit his feet, proclaiming his name lift them from this awful degra- the Tibesti Mountains, and after and family, known well to all dation? scattering the Bible among and shouted: some of the wildest tribes of the -Mrs.llarrison. interior of the Sahara, he hopes "Are you animals to fight to reach Algeria. with your claws? Shame on New Station at Boyulu you. Cannot our religion per- A Century in Madagascar suade of its own self? If not, The Unevangelized Fields Mislet us be converted to anything sion" which carries on work in The Malagasy Church is 100 that will make us gentlemen. I Amazonia and Central Asia, years old. On June 5th, the am a Moslem, but there is no hopes soon to open work in Cen- centenary was observed. Numuse being a Moslem unless we tral Africa. Boyulu is a large bered among the first twenty can conduct ourselves with ordi- unevangelized field, and is unoc- baptized Christians was Rasanary Christian courtesy." cupied by any other evangelical lama, the first Christian martyr missionary society. Medical in Madagascar. On the site of He barely escaped assault and work has been started with the first church building, which his disgust and wrath found ex- gratifying results. The people became a prison during the long pression in words that had best show a keen desire to hear the persecution, stands the present be forgotten. But he had Word of God, which has already fine Martyr Memorial Church of learned the lesson of Gamaliel: been translated into the inter- Ambatonakanga. At one of the that truth and courtesy must tribal language. The people con- services of the commemoration rule though the heavens (Mos- tinually ask for more instruc- interesting mementos of early lem or Christian) fall. tion. days were shown, Rasalama's box in which she kept her Bible, -The Moslem World. Lovedale Activities the first Communion Plate and early copies of the first printed Cannibals Won to Christ Young Africans are being Malagasy scriptures. trained in many ways by Love- An old man with a white dale Institute. Work parties, or- Where one small wooden beard at a Christian meeting in ganized for afternoons, are en- building represented the early the Western Sudan is a very un- gaged in planting and rearing church, now hundreds of towusual sight. Later he said that trees, in orchard work, in road ers and spires all over Imerina while he was young his relations construction. One group built a testify to the power of the Gossent him to another tribe where suspension bridge across the pel, while the first twenty baphe learned to beat a call to war. river Tyumie, and also worked tized members have grown to They marched to a neighboring at a hall for wayfarers. Car- tens and even hundreds of thoutribe and overcame their en- pentry, blacksmithing, shoemak- sands. emies. When asked what he did ing, farming, forestry, domestic with those who were killed, he science, the training of nurses, WESTERN ASIA said, "I ate them"! are all carried on. The Institu- tion Church reports that the Turkey and the Mission Schools Sometime later he heard that number seeking admission to a white man had come to teach full church membership was the The Turkish newspaper Son them about God. This old man's highest in memory-no fewer Posta, September 29, 1931, pubface lit up when he said the than seventy-six were admitted lished an article which shows white man was Bwana Muku- in one day, while others who clearly that the attitude of the bwa (Mr. Charles Studd) who were considered worthy were re- Turkish Government to mission told him that if he repented and ferred to their home congrega- schools is definitely hostile: followed Jesus he would be tions for various reasons. saved. He believed and has nev- "According to the Lausanne er gone back since. A number The school draws its pupils Treaty the right of missionaries of people had gathered, and from many races-Xosa, Basuto, to carry on educational work in after the ex-cannibal had fin- Bechuana, Zulu and Indian. Turkey ended this year. The ished speaking another man government could have abol-

ished all these missionary insti- Turkestan, who have left their The marriage of a Persian woman tutions. But this would have homes because of religious and to a foreigner shall take place only brought a crisis, as there are not economic disabilities enforced with the permission of the governsufficient schools for all the chil- upon them by the Soviet regime. ment. Penalty for disobedience is imdren. In order to avoid this the About thirty of these Turkestan prisonment from one year to three Ministry of Education has de- Moslems are in Delhi. years. cided to act gradually toward this abolition. Religious restrictions began A Milestone in Persia with the banning of all religious "The Ministry has adopted teaching in schools and, as Mos- When Moore Science Hall two new measures against these cow's influence grew, spread was begun recently on the foreign schools. First, Turkish until Korans and other religious grounds of the American College children will not be allowed to books were seized. In order to at Teheran, within the cornerreceive their primary education prev~nt attendance at mosque, stone was deposited a copy of in these schools. Second, the the authorities imposed high the Bible in Persian. This siguniversity will not accept the taxes on all worshippers, while nifies the conviction of those rediplomas of these institutions preachers and leaders who re- sponsible for the college that the without examination. This will belled against these measures word of God and the principles lessen the number of students were imprisoned, shot or sent to and truths therein set forth are in the upper classes of the for- Moscow and never heard of the real foundations, the true eign institutions. The graduates again. cornerstone of the institution. of these institutions usually go This is the first building ever to Europe or America for ad- Moslem children are com- erected in Persia exclusively for vanced study. pelled to attend schools where the teaching of the sciences and atheism is preached, and they so it is a milestone in the de- "The harm of the missionary are taught to despise the faith of velopment of modern education schools is evident. These must their parents. Islamic marriages in this land. somehow be restricted. We ex- were declared illegal, and all pect the government will take wishing to be married must go Schools that Make Christians steps at least to limit the harm through a secular ceremony at done to our children." which a non-Moslem Soviet of- "Two Christians are on our ficial officiated. teaching staff," writes a Presby- -The Moslem World. terian missionary in Persia, Passports are refused to those "one of whom is in charge of re- Radio in a Mosque who wish to go on pilgrimages, ligious instruction in the first and fasting for religious r,easons four grades. The other, a more For the first time in Islamic is made a punishable offense. recent convert, has in times past history a radio microphone has been more of a problem than a been installed in a Turkish Christians and Jews are also help, but this year she has mosque–the Santa Sophia, one subjected to every conceivable shown such remarkable developof the most famous religious edi- form of indignity to make them ment in character that we look fices in Turkey. Mustapha forego their religion. to her as a strong future asset. Kemal has directed that the radio services be chanted from New Marriage Laws in Persia "A prominent Moslem ecclesithe newly adopted Turkish astic has been attacked bitterly Koran by twenty-five clergy- The following laws, passed by by a fellow Moslem for senumen. This is a notable depar- the Persian Parliament, con- ing his daughters to our school. ture from ancient custom in re- stitute the new law to be put into 'Don't you realjze they are foolligious service effected by the execution immediately: ing you? They are making progressive Turkish president Christians out of your children. this year. The Arabic Koran, Marriage shall not take place be- Is this worthy of a descendant always unintelligible to the lay- tween those who are not physically of the Prophet?' 'Well,' replied man, was replaced early in J an- fit to marry. the old father, 'perhaps. But at uary in some Istanbul mosque any rate the American School is by a Turkish translation. Penalty is imprisonment for from the only school in town that one year to three years. teaches my girls anything about The Soviet and Moslems in life.' " Turkestan If anybody deceives the one whom he or she wishes to marry, he or she INDIA AND BURMA The Statesman, Calcutta, In- will be imprisoned from six months dia, gives an account of religious to two years. An Ominous Situation persecutions carried on against the Mohammedans of Turke- Men who wish to marry shall in- Rioting in Delhi, disorders in stan. form the one in charge of ceremonies, Bengal, a Moslem split from the and those whom they want to marry, Hindu stand for independence Keen interest is being aroused about their previous wives. Deceit in and an uprising in Kashmir among North India Moslems by this matter is punishable by the above followed Gandhi's return to Inan influx into the Panjab and dia and his declaration that he Delhi of Moslems from Eastern mentioned punishment. Men shall support their wives. In case they refuse to give them food, clothing and shelter their wives may appeal to the courts.

A lady can use her own property without the permission of her hus- band.

A Moslem woman is forbidden to marry a non-Moslem man.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

would not flinch in sacrificing dred and fifty thousand a year, or a (11) Her greatest detestation the lives of a million people to steady unbroken addition of over and abhorrence is- (a) The purchase the liberty of India. twelve thousand every month of those who are publicly accepting Jesus Christian doctrine of God found- P rim e Minister MacDonald Christ as their Lord and Saviour. ed upon the life of the historic made a most outspoken statement concerning the Indian sit- Twenty years ago, the late Sir Christ. This is an offense to the Narayan Chandavarkar to I d philosophic Hindu, who holds uation, describing it as most de- Christian workers in India: plorable and denouncing Indian "The process of the conversion that eternal truth cannot be agitators in vigorous terms. He of India to Christ may not be based on an historical event. going on as rapidly as you hope, (b) The Christian doctrine of said that recent disorders on the nevertheless, I say, India is benorthwest frontier and in Ben- ing converted; the ideas that lie the Atonement is also a stumbgal did not represent a "baffled at the heart of the Gospel are ling bl?ck to Hindu thought, beand oppressed Indian struggling slowly, but surely, permeating cause It appears as a denial of every part of Hindu society, and the law o~ Karma whereby every to be "free," but "a mischievous modifying every phase of Hindu ~an receIves. the reward or punmovement trampling in its own thought." Ishment of hIS own actions. (c) self-will upon Indian progress." The idea of a suffering god is re- He was of the opinion that the There are veteran mission- pugnan! to. H~ndu thought, for people who had been working aries who say that if the politi- they thmk It mconceivable that cal questions now in turmoil are any ripple of emotion should dismany years for the enfranchise- successfully adjusted, so that ment of India must share in the the message of Jesus Christ is turb the serenity of eternal bliss. government's regret, and said no longer handicapped by the fact that He is so closely asso- College Not Boycotted . that every Indian who cares for ciated with Western ideas, the his motherland must see in these whole process of bringing India Rev. C. Herbert Rice, presi- to Him will go forward at an recent events the hand of a immensely accelerated pace. dent of Ewing Christian College spirit of mischief rather than Lahore, writes: ' that of a spirit of emancipation. An Array of Stumbling Blocks "I wish you could have been The arrest of Mr. Gandhi and A writer in The Indian Wit- ness offers a number of reasons here during the days of admis. other leaders of the Nationalist why India withholds allegiance Party, and the declaration by to Christ. sions to see the crowds of stuthe viceroy of a firm policy to (1) India has been hesitating dents seeking to be taken into maintain order, should lead In- because she thinks that if she acdians to seek a patient and cepts Christ she will have to ac- the college. It is haastatthisefacocltlioegn~ peaceful means of attaining cept Western civilization which at least, to know t self-government. she hates. (2) She has not wit- nessed the real life of Jesus in is not being boycotted after our His followers. (3) She proudly boasts of her past philosophy first year here! They swarmed intellectualism and ancestrai customs and traditions. (4) She all over the place, accompanied has been absorbing or assimilat- Encouragement from the Census ing and has lacked in elimina- by fathers, uncles, or guardians, tion. (5) Her method of accom- The official figures for the modation and the genius of ad- who came along to plead with dition. (6) From time immemonew government census will be rial India has been polytheistic the powers that be, to take in and now it is hard for her to be encouraging to those who are monotheistic. (7) Her pride in their sons. Many hundreds I the Vedas and the Rishis that making sacrifices for the spread she considers to be the oldest in should think-had to be turned the world. (8) Her imagination of Christianity. Although the has been fed purely on obscure away owing to lack of room and contemplation and mythological figures are not complete (Bur- deities. (9) She is satisfied with facilities. It is a strange sight a slight glimmering of God and mese Christians, Buddhists and is unwilling to witness fun effuI"" to see bearded fathers-some gence. (10) She judges Chris- Tribal Faiths are missing) the tianity through the British offi- ex-soldiers – actually weeping cers whom she calls despots. tabulation is as follows: tears, as they plead to have their Per Cent sons admitted, in spite of the 1931 1921 Increase verdict that 'there is absolutely Population tnhoismios rteherooonmly'!colTlehgeeywshaey~e'Bmuyt . . . . .• 352,986,876 318,942,480 10.6 Hindus 238,330,912 216,734,586 10 boy can get the moral training, Moslems 77,743,928 68,735,233 13.1 the excellent quality of scientific Sikhs .. 4,306,442 3,238,803 33 studies, and the personal atten- Christians 5,961,794 4,496,958 32.6 Jains .. 1,205,235 1,178,596 2 tion which I want him to have.

Parsees 106,973 101,778 5 I beseech you to let him in, for Jews. . . 20,984 21,778 you can do anything if you will!'

The Rev. J. F. Edwards, a Many had to be turned away, leading missionary, says: and we looked forward to the The figures mean that in a decade, day when we can accommodate when the increase in India's popula- more of these really earnest tion was unusually large, the rate of young fellows. As it is, we are increase in the number of Christians was more than three times the in- full to overflowing with about crease in the general population. The 650 here at the Intermediate increase of nearly a million and a half in ten years means nearly one hun- College, in addition to about 600 more in the High School on the

same campus-and more than resolution number five, the phrase, "A Christians in China to find a constitutional episcopate," is not used 100 advanced students are at the as a synonym for the historic epis- peaceful solution. The China University College Department." copate. Council promptly sent a sympa- thetic response. The Japanese Hopeful Signs in India India's Home Mission Society Fellowship of Reconciliation Rev. C. Stanley Vaughan The first organized mission- also communicated with the Felwrites from India: "We have a ary endeavor of the Anglo-In- lowship of Reconciliation in more hopeful outlook in the dian community is through the church. I have been in every Home Missionary Society. Its China. one of our local councils and objects are to help forward In- Japanese Christian leaders in have everywhere seen signs of dia's evangelization, and to progress. In one place a new promote the development of An- Tokyo called at the Foreign Ofcongregation is added, the fruit glo-Indian communities. Activof one of the Bates evangelists; ities sponsored by the society in- fice and on the political editors in another region, an effort is clude a Children's Home at and owners of leading newspabeing made to improve our vil- Coonoor where there are at pres- pers and requested editorials lage schools; in another an ent 39 destitute girls; Loan that would promote a friendly heroic response to the financial Scholarship Funds; a Magazine needs; in one the contributions Fund and evangelistic work settlement with China. A genof last year have been doubled. among non-Christians. It is eral meeting of Churchmen and To double their rupee contribu- hoped that a Boys' Home, simi- leaders in the peace organization'S means that they have quad- lar to the one for girls may soon rupled their contribution in be established. tion was also held in Tokyo, but grain and all sorts of farm produce." "Village of the New Day" the Japanese Government is evi- dently in control of the milita- An All-India United Church Ushagram in Bengali is an experiment in Methodist mis- rists. In the midst of the disturbed sions. It was begun in 1919 and The New York Times reported political situation, the move- represents a cooperative effort ment toward Christian unity in on the part of the Woman's For- that twenty-five Chinese and for- India is making progress and eign Society and the Board of eign Christian leaders, reprehas recently grown too large to Foreign Missions. It is an exbe limited to the formation of periment in human adjustments, senting all denominations of the a United Church of South India. an adaption of average possibili- Protestant churches in North ties to the business of living. Christian Church and including four Roman Catholics, partici- pated with General Chiang Kai- shek in one of the most unusual gatherings in the history of re- publican China when they con- ferred with him and joined in devotional services, praying for a settlement of the Manchurian dispute.

India have asked for a united Ushagram-"Village of the New Flood Affected 50,000,000 church for the entire country. Day"-is patterned on existing As a result, representatives of Indian villages, but introduces A map of the flooded regions features most essential to In- of China, part of which was the both north and south India met dia's future-the cooperative result of the aerial survey made in Nagpur in November and store, the savings bank, a water by Col. and Mrs. Lindbergh, system, cooperative industries shows that the total area of seriunanimously adopted a series of and cultural development. ously flooded regions is 34,000 resolutions to govern the future square miles, exclusive of lakes. Toward three ideals, the At least 8,000 square miles of writing of formal instruments workers in this "Village of the less seriously flooded areas have of union. These representa- New Day" are striving-Better not been indicated on the map. tives included Baptists, Quak- Homes, Better Villages, Better It is estimated that 50,000,000 Citizens. persons have been directly afers, W e s ley a n Methodists, fected, of whom millions are ut- American Methodists, members CHINA terly destitute., of the United Church of north- Oriental Attempts to Avert War The Nanking government ern India and the South India United Church and Anglicans, so that the importance of this achievement is clear. The cru- cial resolutions read: Christians in both China and asked leading medical schools in That, with regard to the type of Japan have made earnest efforts China to suspend their activities organization that may ultimately to promote a peaceful settlement for three months in order to reprove acceptable for a united church of the Far East controversy. The of India, this conference records its first move seems to have been lease their faculties and adopinion that this would be found taken by Mr. Ebisawa, secretary through the general adoption of a con- vanced students for work among the victims of the floods. . stitutional episcopate responsible to of the National Christian Coun- The present forces are not representative assemblies and synods, cil of Japan, who cabled at once in a form that would comprehend, so to the National Christian Coun- sufficient to cope with the giganfar as practicable, the advantages of tic task ahead of them. It is the the Episcopal, Presbyterian and Con- cil of China that Japanese Chris- conviction of Dr. J. Heng Liu gregational modes of government. In tians would cooperate with director of the Department of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Hygiene and Sanitation, that the lieved of most of the possessions drew about 700 delegates repreexperience in such preventative they had with them. In Kansu, senting every province in China public health activity will be val- the Moslems have again been except one. At the same time uable both to staff and students. causing trouble in the north- a conference for Christian work- east of the province. They car- ers was being held in Soochow, New C. I. M. Headquarters ried out their threat and killed where the principal speaker was all the inhabitants they could Gen. Chang Tsi Kiang, prob- Last June dedicatory services find within thirteen miles of the ably the strongest Christian were held for the new head- city of Liangtang. On Septem- character in Chinese military quarters of the C. I. M. in ber 25 Miss Ivy Dix wrote that circles today, who has contrib- Shanghai. About three hundred the city of Hweihsien was at- uted about $10,000 toward the friends attended. The new build- tacked by brigands. The north- work of the American Bible Soing contains space for mission- ern section of the city, where ciety. aries, administrative headquar- the China Inland Mission premters, residential flats for the ises are situated, was the only He gave an impassioned apstaff, and hospital facilities. In part not looted. These incidents peal for the preaching of the addition there is a Chinese show how widespread banditry Gospel of salvation through chapel and a hostel for Chinese is, and how great is the need to Christ. The president of the guests. The old property had re-establish law and order college is an earnest Christian so increased in value since it throughout the country. and one of the graduates, who was built over forty years ago, plans to devote his life to Christhat the proceeds of its sale cov- -Ja'n'l.es Stark, Secretary of tian work, said that he did not ered the purchase of the greater the China Inland Mission. want any mission help because part of the new site and the he was a grown man with a erection of the main buildings. Hainan Anniversary good education and ought to be The Mission now has organized able to support himself. national centers in Great Bri- Hainan Mission celebrated the tain, the U. S. A., Canada and fiftieth anniversary of its be- Christian Martyrs Unafraid Australia, each with its auxili- ginning last autumn. It was in ary centers, in addition to eleven 1869 that a Danish sea captain Mr. and Mrs. R. W. Porteous Associate Mission centers in named Carl C. J eremiassen came of the China Inland Mission re- Germany, 'Switzerland, Sweden, to China to work for the Canton port the martyrdom of some Norway, Denmark and Finland. provincial authorities, pursuing Christians in one of their out- The Mission has also nearly pirates and smugglers. He came stations. When led out to be three hundred central stations in in contact with Christianity, executed, one of the leaders China. gave up his service with the called out to his brethren, "Don't government and started work as be afraid, I firmly believe that Bandit Activities in China an independent missionary in before the axe touches our necks Formosa. His experience there our spirits will be with the In Kiangsi bandit and com- showed him the need of medical Lord !" Some were offered life munist activity still prevents training, so he went to study un- if they would deny the Lord, but the reoccupation of our evac- der Dr. J. G. Kerr in Canton. they chose death. The remainuated stations. Miss H. M. His sea voyages having shown ing Christians in that outstation, Duncan, writing last November him the great need in the Island still occupied by the Reds, meet from Changshan in Chekiang of Hainan, he began to tell the secretly to worship God when- Province, just over the border message of his Lord and Mas- ever they can. Many other from northeast Kiangsi, says: ter, there alone, unaided except Christians in Kiangsi are living "The Red army is menacing the for his colporteur. Today the under the same conditions. station sixteen miles away. It Protestant churches of Hainan When Pastor Eo-yang wrote he is reported that the Reds are at- number n ear I y 5,000, with and five other brethren were tempting to get out of Kiangsi, churches, Sunday schools and starting out on an evangelistic where fighting, looting, and tak- hospitals. tour in an unevangelized secing captive is still their work. tion of the Yuanchow district. Owing to these conditions, and Encouraging Developments acting on the strong advice of Conditions in central and the Chinese, we are refraining The Rev. Charles W. Worth south Kiangsi Province are still from visiting these outstations." of the Southern Presbyterian far from satisfactory. Mission, Kiangyin, writes sever- In the province of Honan, Mr. al interesting and encouraging Traveling Christian Exhibit and Mrs. H. E. N. Ledgard 'have facts. Time was when all confound it necessary to retire to ferences were planned, led and During the past winter an ex- Yencheng owing to an attack by financed by missionaries, but hibit of books and posters on rebrigands on Shangtsai. In more and more the missionary ligious education and evangel- Shensi, Mr. and Mrs. W. J. has no other responsibility than ism to promote the Five-Year Michel, when traveling by boat, to attend, if he chooses. Recent- Movement has been shown in were held up by bandits and re- ly, a conference in 'Shanghai different cities, including Can- ton, Hangchow, Hankow and other important centers. The

exhibit is divided into twelve asm ran high, many regarding 11. There are problems of villages sections, and includes materials that meeting as the birthplace of with special clans or groups. on religious education in the the Japanese Student Christian home, the school and the church; movement. Since then every 12. There are frequent instances on religious art, religious pag- year has seen the crowd grow- where whole villages quarrel eantry and plays; church music, ing smaller, until this year in with other villages over the dithe thousand character move- Central Methodist Tabernacle vision of water rights. ment, Christian magazines, post- not more than 150 attended to ers and tracts. Wherever shown hear Dr. Yoshimune Abe, presi- 13. Occasionally we find traces of the exhibit has aroused keen in- dent of the National Y. M. C. A. old-fashioned sex customs beterest. Council, dean of Aoyama Theol- tween the young men and wom- ogical School. This marked de- en. JAPAN-CHOSEN cline in student interest in such a significant annual service is 14. The division of the population Youth and the Church causing leaders of youth in of the village into groups by Japan much serious thought. sex and age produces a pecu- The Christian Missionary liar atmosphere in the social Federation in Japan passed the The Rural-Social Problem life. following resolution regarding Youth and the C h r i s t ian The task of the religious 15. As a rule the social life is lack- Church: worker is the enlightenment of ing in all kinds of cultural fa- society. The religious worker cilities. Observing that large sections of the youth of Japan outside the Christian should take note of the social We do not agree with all the Church are turning to Communism in aspect of the rural probem. Dr. above points. After all the their eagerness for social reform, and Nasu has pointed out (in The greatest problems are moral and feeling that earnest effort should be Japanese Christian Quarterly) religious-in any community. made to bring them into contact with fifteen characteristics of the the church, we recommend: rural social p,roblem. A Prize Life of Christ 1. That, while repudiating their 1. It is difficult to make the The first life of Jesus of Nazmethods of violence and their mate- schemes for solving the social areth written by a Japanese on rialistic philosophy, we, as Christians, problem of a radical character. purely original lines has recentview these young people with sym- ly appeared. It won a prize of pathy; that we make special efforts to 2. Private ownership of the means Yen 500 in a competition open understand them and to appreciate of production is never abro- to all Japanese pastors and their zeal and self-sacrificing devo- gated. teachers, in which there were tion; that in so far as they are ready twelve contestants. The judges to labor and sacrifice on behalf of the 3. There are many quarrels rela- were unanimous in giving the victims of the present social order, tive to the means of production award. The author said: we recognize that they have qualities and conditions governing the which might well be turned into leasing of land, (the problem For a long time I yearned to give channels of Christian faith and serv- of tenancy). the Japanese the life of Jesus in their ice; that we make a serious attempt own tongue. Seventy years have to clarify the points of agreement and 4. Because of the involved nature passed since Protestantism came to disagreement between their theories of the class composition of the Japan, but I think that Christianity and practice and those of a Christian farm in Community population, is not truly Japan's own possession social order. there is no clear or deep rooted as long as they have to understand class-distinction. Jesus in terms of foreign thought. 2. That we endeavor to show so- They must have it through their own cially-minded youth that, instead of 5. When trouble breaks out, the mother-milk, the Japanese language, being" indifferent to the cause of the reaction to the quarrel perme- not merely translations. underprivileged and oppressed, which ates every aspect of daily life youth has championed, the church re- and spreads over the whole For a long time I was interested gards this as being in reality a part community. Moreover the na- only in the higher critical study of the of its own responsibility, which, ture of the struggle is more Bible, but latterly I have realized the through its prophets it has always emotional t han intellectual, need of evangelical earnestness, if the recognized, but as a whole has inade- which may lead to grave conse- Christian message is to win its way quately faced. quences. among our people.

3. That we seek to set forth more 6. The social movement is in gen- A Korean "Foreign" Missionary clearly to youth the challenge, ad- eral passive, and seeks immeventure and demand for heroic devo- iliate profit, so that it lacks The Women's Missionary Sotion, of Christian living and of loyalty permanence. ciety of the Korean Presbyterto Christ. ian Church met in September at 7. The pressure of the problem of Onseiri, amid the beautiful scen- Y Student Work in Decline over-p,opulation is felt without ery of the Diamond Mountains. having any connection with the There were about thirty dele- The Tokyo Student Christmas economic structure of society. gates, and as many others whose rally, held annually by the stu- zeal for the cause brought them dent departments of the Y. W. 8. There is an increase in extent as visitors. and the Y. M. C. A., was the of those regions where the masmallest last year since the cus- jority of the rural population Progress was shown in varitom of such a service was estab- are chronically half – unem- ous ways. Two new presbyterlished in 1925 when over 3,000 ployed. ials were admitted, making students were assembled in a eighteen in all. rented public hall and enthusi- 9. The problem of poverty, while it does not often take the form The climax of interest was which it does in the cities, is reached in the Dedication Serv- widespread and universal. ice of Miss Suno Kim, the first 10. To deal with the problem of rural labor special caution is required.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Korean woman ever appointed mand. The day before the Sunday School are being conas a foreign missionary. She is Lieutenant left, he said, "I have ducted. to go with Korean missionaries noticed how you need more -The Missionary Review of in China, to join in the work charts and how slow the present Australia. that has been carried on in process is and have decided that Shantung Province for almost if you will give me a sample of Roman Catholic Missions twenty years by three Korean just what you want, I will make It is reported that 163,615 them on better paper and will workers-46,174 priests, brothmissionaries under the General send you a thousand." Dr. Lau- ers and sisters and 117,441 lay Assembly of the Korean Presby- bach said, "Lieutenant, this auxiliaries, catechists, teachers, terian Church. means that we shall win. This doctors, nurses, etc.-constitute will be the most literate province the force of Roman Catholic The missionary elect was in the Philippines in five years missions for which the Society from now-and perhaps the of the Propagation of the Faith, brought up in a Christian home most literate in the world." the main mission-aid organizaand is a graduate of the Presby- tion of the Church, appeals for Missionary Society in Fiji terian Academy in Seoul, and of funds. a Bible training School in Yoko- For many years the Methodist The vast missionary work Church of Australia has conhama. The Board decided to ducted work in the Fiji Islands. throughout the world includes: begin home mission work among 45,826 churches and chapels; Koreans in Manchuria, and Yen 400 was set aside for that purpose.

Saving the Babies Rece~tly a Christian Society was 309 seminaries with 9,971 stu- formed in Suva with the object dents; 31,418 schools with 1,- The Baby Clinic of the Pres- of carrying on Christian work 521,710 pupils; 691 hospitals with 283,503 patients a year; byterian Hospital in Taiku, Ko- by East Indians. rea, was two years old in Feb- Mr. John Bairagi, an earnest 1,848 dispensaries with 11,066,- ruary, the first venture of its and well-educated young man, 749 patients a year; 1,525 orkind in a city of some 80,000 was appointed pastor of the In- phanages with 81,240 orphans; people. The staff is composed of dian Church in Suva. Great 299 homes for the aged with three Americans and six Kore- success followed Mr. Bairagi's 11,332 inmates; 81 leper asyans. Lectures to mothers are work and he gathered round him lums with 14,060 lepers; 134 given by a young Korean doctor, a fine body of Indian Christians. other philanthropic institutions who makes sure that instruc- Recently dissatisfaction, which with 9,966 inmates.

tions are understood. Literature it now appears had been New Britain Training Institution on the care of children is circu- smouldering for some time, lated. Undernourishment is a broke out. The chairman of the George Brown College, Vuproblem, for little is known of district had acquainted the nairima, New Britain, which artificial feeding and cow's milk, Board with some of the diffi- was officially opened in October, either fresh or evaporated, is culties that had arisen, and his 1930, is providing equipment for prohibitive in price for the aver- letter was followed by a long and carrying forward the work of age family. A food laboratory ably-drawn-up Memorial, signed the Methodist Mission of Auis in operation. About 400 ba- by thirty-four Indian Christians stralasia. Last year it began bies have been registered since in Suva. the clinic was opened. with 205 students. A school for The main contention of the students' wives supplements the Memorial is that an undue em- work of the college, and here ISLANDS OF THE SEA phasis has been placed, and an over 50 women with their fam- unduly large proportion of the ilies assemble to improve their Lieutenant Lends a Hand funds spent, upon educational talents. Another valuable ad- and medical work, and that the junct is the Girls' School, which Dr. Frank C. Laubach, a mis- evangelization effort has been must be held in the open air for sionary of the American Board, allowed to suffer and they are lac~ of a building. Last year 95 is finding the demand for liter- desirous of carrying out a more per cent of the maintenance ature among the Moros so great vigorous evangelistic campaign. fund was subscribed by natives that the printing pTess cannot Efforts have been made to who have very meager re- keep up with it. Lieutenant bring about a reconciliation and sources. Carleton, of the United States to retain these people within the -The Missionary Review of Army, was visiting Lanao not Methodist Church, but without Australasia.

long .ago and became deeply in- success. They have now defi- What Joni Did terested in watching Dr. Laubach nitely cut themselves adrift, teach the Moros to read by his converted a house into a place Joni Uluibau was born at special new method. Lieutenant of worship, and appointed an- Matuka in the Lau group of the Carleton saw the missionaries other pastor, while Mr. Bairagi Fiji Islands, was trained in a trying to make enough of the has opened a secondary school. mission school, and at the age of large charts to serve the de- Regular Sunday services and a 21 went with a pioneer mission

party to Bougainville in the Sol- Contributions for Protestant and Australasia. No report was omon Islands. After six years Missions received from Russia. Africa and Central America show slight of fruitful service he recently In America, including Cana- losses. The figures from Asia, returned to Fiji on his first fur- da, contributions to the cause of in view of disturbed political lough, hoping to go back with a foreign missions during 1929 in- conditions, are peculiarly grati- fying. In China the churches wife to teach girls to sew, cook creased considerably, but the are substantially holding their and clean. Much of the progress continental contributions fell off. own; from India almost every In Germany, Sweden, Switzer- district reports advance. made in that part of the Solomons has been due to his effort land, France and Finland there Three World Conferences was an increase, but not large and influence. He has trans- Three great world conferlated enough hymns and pas- enough to equalize the decrease ences have come to be associated sages of Scripture to make the in Belgium, Denmark and Hol- with the official life of the churches: Stockholm. Lausanne, first book in the Teop tongue. land. America contributes 55.5 Jerusalem. The three move- The Sydney Daily Telegraph, per cent, England 22.04 per cent, ments are of universal reach and definite significance. The after Joni had stopped in that and the Continent 9.3 per cent of first represents a developing city on his way home, told his the total gifts recorded. Sums world-federation of churches on the basis of a common "life and story under the title "What Joni contributed in 1929 were as fol- work," with special attention to Did as a Christian." lows: the social application of Christ's teachings; the second, an ap- Smiling and fuzzy-headed, with America ……………• $28,525,939 proach by way of theological dis- cussion to the possible organic dark brown eyes, and over six feet Great Britain ……….. 11,172,525 unity of thought in Christen- dom; the third, an organization high, Joni Uluibau is a living example South America.. . . .. …. 3,700,184 devoted to the world missionary problem and composed of the of the work that Christian missions Germany …..•……… 1,448,517 missionary societies of the West, together with the new churches have accomplished in the South Seas. Australia …………… 1,390,292 in the East.

The simple pride of J oni in his life- Sweden …………..•.. 1,247,745 Plans are under way for the next World Conference in 1935 work; his calm native dignity; his South Africa ……….. . 681,275 after the order of Stockholm, but probably to be held in Lonfriendliness; his patience as he Denmark …………… 528,472 don. A program committee under the leadership of Dr. Wilwrestles with the intricacies of Eng- Norway ..•..•………. 481,328 liam Adams Brown suggests as general themes for consideralish, make a picture that impresses Holland ……………. 473,958 tion: itself forcibly upon the mind. New Zealand ..•……. . . 471,782 1. A survey of the more important developments in the field of Christian "I go there first when quite young," Switzerllmd …………. 292,890 life and work which have taken place since the last conference, together said J oni, "and they are dirty. They France ……..•…..•.. 155,935 with an analysis of the problems and tasks which grew out of them. do not know. Oh, how dirty. The Finland ………….•.. 118,235 2. A consideration of ways in pigs are everywhere, the houses fall Belgium •…………•.. 4,633 which the churches may cooperate down. more effectively for the purpose of realizing the aims set forth in the "I say, in Fiji we keep the pigs in a Total …•..•…….. $50,693,710 Stockholm Message of 1925. fence. It is cleaner. Get rid of the pigs. , 3. A further exploration of the Baptist World Strength basic convictions and experiences "At first they laugh at me, but I which motivate and inspire Christian The Baptist World Alliance service, both in its individual and sotalk and talk. The chiefs listen; they reports December 31, 1931, the cial aspects, with a view to: following world totals (excludsay, 'Perhaps J oni's way is right.''' ing Russia) : (a) Deepening the religious life of the members of our churches, J oni alone tamed those savages, re- Church Sunday Members School (b) Clarifying their understanding built their houses, built pig-sties, and EUrope ……… 662,410 629,332 of the moral issues which con- Asia ……….. 389,575 169,587 front the Church and the world today two sons of Teop headhunters Africa . . . . . . . . . . 85,182 32,893 today, and America: are learning to. be teachers. North …….. 9,402,007 5,536,938 (c) Promoting a spirit of self- Central and sacrifice and consecration in MISCELLANEOUS NEWS West Indies … 70,020 59,599 facing them. South …….. 42,643 39,719 Mathematics in Religion Australia and New Zealand .. 37,378 48,962 Logically-minded folk will be interested in Margaret Seebach's Total ….. 10,689,215 6,517,030 "Equations of the World's Religions." The most encouraging feature of the report is that the totals Every religion has in it some great of Sunday School pupils show truth, some fine quality; but all except an advance in every continent. one have some deficiency. We may in- The largest numerical increase dicate them by minus and plus signs, is in North America and the and the answer to the equation gives largest proportionate increase in the result in character. Only one South America. Church memshows the plus sign. bership shows an advance of ap- proximately 80,000, of which the Islam=zeal for God-love for man larger part is in North America, =Intolerance. though there is also advance in Europe, Asia, South America Confucianism = morality-compassion=Coldness.

Hinduism=search for God-service to man=Selfishness.

Buddhism=resignation-aspiration =Pessimism.

Animism=belief in the unseentrust=Superstition.

Christianity=love to God+love to man=Service.

Missionary

Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information Karl Barth-Prophet of a New Chris- we must find a more sympathet- hand his intellectualism and lib- tianity. By Wilhelm Pauck. 228 pp. ic interpreter. $2. Harpers. New York. 1931. eral traditions make it difficult Barth's position on certain Karl Barth at the age of for- points is too cloudy and uncer- to dissociate himself completely ty-five is beyond doubt the most tain to permit his being numchallenging figure in contempo- bered among conservative theo- from certain assumptions of the rary theology. He has been for logians; but on most of the great more than a decade the center of essentials of Christianity his critical school: on the other his a remarkable religious move- testimony seems to have the ment in Germany and recently ring of true conviction. It is candid inquiry has brought him his dynamic personality and Barth~s evangelical outlook to teaching have seized the atten- which Professor Pauck objects. face to face with the tremendous tion of religious leaders through- Here are a few of his comments : out the world. Unfortunately, realities of Christ and the Scripfew of his writings have thus "Barth's limitations are twofar been made available to Eng- fold. He speaks too bluntly in tures. The latter influence, we lish readers and this volume, supernatural terms. . . . The characterized by the publishers other limitation of his thought is should say, is clearly in the asas a "penetrating analysis," will closely connected with this: it is awaken the keen anticipation of his staunch Biblicalism. . . . He cendant. H. R. M. a wide circle. Analysis is hard- finally even declares that the ly the proper term, however, to Virgin Birth is a necessary part Seeing South America. By John T. describe the method of this au- of the creed of the Christian Faris. 223 pp. $2.50. Revell. New thor; the book is actually a criti- Church…. Barth believes that York. 1931. cism of the so-called Barthian the only possible way of thinkteaching. The sub-title is also ing about God is the way taken It used to be quite the thing misleading, since Barth is by no by the men of the Bible." He to make a swing around South means the "Prophet of aNew sums up his opinion of Barth in America and write a book about Christianity." As this volume this language : "We cannot one's trip. Dr. Faris is the only abundantly proves, his funda- avoid the conclusion that he is one we know who has done it remental appeal is to the Christi- guilty of a strange self-decep- cently. In setting down the anity of the first century. tion when he insists on pointing usual information desired by to the immediate revelation of tourists, he has fortunately done Those who have read Barth's God which is concealed in the it in a sympathetic way, not in "The Word of God and the Word biblical testimony on Jesus the old critical spirit, which of Man," recently translated by Christ. He operates with a con- showed disgust with our south- Douglas Horton, will at once ception of revelation which is ern neighbors because they did sense the unbalanced character antiquated, outlived, unreal. It not have as many bath tubs and of some of these chapters; but is the old supernaturalism, the fast express trains as we in the they will, nevertheless, find an old belief in the miraculous inarresting psychological study in tervention of an otherwise North. the 'effort of an avowedly liberal worldly, superhuman, anthropo- The traveler who wishes to theologian to deal fairly with the morphic God, which haunts positions of another brilliant him." It is clear, of course, that know a little South American leader holding contrary views. Pauck is incapable of compre- history, a few statistics, some Much of the discussion moves in hending how a brilliant theologi- geography and a few sayings of the realm of a terminology an, so thoroughly informed on important people will find this which only those versed in the the whole history of criticism as volume of interest as a guide intricacies of speculative theol- Barth, could hold to a belief in book. But frankness compels ogy would be able to follow. As the supernatural. one to express wonder at the aulight takes on the hues of the thor's failure to check historical medium through which it passes, The reader of this book will statements, one of which, for exso it is evident, if we are to real- hardly escape the impression ample, incorrectly refers to the ly know and understand Barth, outstanding Argentine patriot, that with Barth an internal con- San Martin, as follows: "In flict is in progress. On the one Peru, Jose de San Martin heard of the efforts made by the patri- [189] ots to the South, and he made up his mind to go to their as- sistance!" As to travel, the statement is made: "Even if you have but a month at your dis- posal this is sufficient to make the enticing sail to Rio de Ja- neiro, Montevideo and Buenos

Aires." Just how is this to be of one writer. While we cannot the West have confined our ataccomplished, if one is to get agree with the writer of the in- tention largely to the spread of back home, since more than six troduction that "it is the most Christianity in the Roman Emweeks are required for a round valuable and comprehensive pire and in Europe, and have trip from New York to Buenos work on religious liberty in the gained no adequate conception Aires? last hundred years", neverthe- of the progress of the Gospel less it has excellent and extend- eastward, nor of the vast Nes- The absence of any discussion ed treatments of such widely di- torian Church which by the of the political, social, education- vergent topics as Apostles of eighth century stretched from al or religious questions, which Religious Freedom, Juridical Baghdad to Peking and as far are so important to any visitor and Moral Problems of Religious south as Ceylon. Dr. Stewart to South America today, tends to Freedom, a comparison of Bud- has made it possible for us to fill a lack of flavor and human in- dhism and Christianity, An An- in part this gap in our knowlterest. alysis of the work of St. Francis edge, and to feel something of of Assisi, Constitutional Studies the original warmth and enthu- The list of reference books is regarding the Position of the curious, for out of thirty lines Vatican, and a defense of the siasm of the missionary passion given to this list over half the Jews Against Persecution. of this ancient church. He says: lines are given to Darwin's "Voy,age of the Beagle," which A supplement of 200 pages From hundreds of monasteries all is out of print. The well known contains some 35 articles on over Persia and in central and eastern volume "EI Supremo" is put various phases of religious lib- Asia, there poured forth a constant down as referring to Uruguay erty by such outstanding author- stream of ascetics, men and women, instead of Paraguay. No book ities as Cavour, Louis Marshall who had completed their three years' on either Brazil or Argentina is and William H. Taft. Papers in probationary trainIng and now went mentioned and none by a Latin connection with the One Hun- forth in obedience to our Lord's com- American author. dred and Fiftieth anniversary of mand, seeking to carry the Gospel to the Constitutional Establish- the end of the earth or to found new What might have been a help- ment of Religious Liberty in the monasteries which in turn would be ful up-to-date travel book has United States give a splendid ac- training schools for future generations been limited in usefulness by a count of the early debates on the of devotees. Some of them became too hasty preparation. relations between Church and "solitaries" or "anchorites," giving State and the way this question themselves over mostly to prayer and S.G.r. has been gradually worked out intercession. . . . Others taking in this country. The relation of thetr lives in their hands went forth, God in Freedom-Studies in the Rela- the League of Nations to Reli- not knowing whither they went, but tion between Church and State. gious Liberty is also discussed. content to follow where God might By Luigi Luzzatti. $5. Macmillan. lead . . . supporting themselves New York. 1931. Dr. Luzzatti (1841-1927) was by the labor of their hands Dr subsist- an Italian Jew, whose studies led ing on roots and fruits or on the grass Luigi Luzzatti was one of the him into the closest sympathy of the field. They counted no trouble chief citizens of Italy during the with Christianity and gave him too great, no hardship too severe, as last half century. The one great a great advantage as a neutral long as they might share in the cause to which he devoted his su- student. His admiration for St. spreading abroad of the message of perior talents as a scholar and Francis is significant of his full salvation for all mankind. statesman may be epitomized in broad culture and noble soul. this principle: all human prog- They penetrated into almost ress and happiness are derived S.G.r. every part of Asia and were able from liberty of thought and con- to make converts and found science. Nestorian Missionary Enterprise-A Church on Fire. By John Stewart. churches and establish bishop- This volume contains much in- Map. 323 pp. Rs. 4. Christian Lit- ries everywhere they went. teresting material never before erature Society. Madras. 1931. pub lis h e d. Included in its The author uses freely the resketches of champions of reli- Many years as a missionary cently published studies of Dr. gious liberty are distinguished of the United Free Church of Mingana of Manchester and the representatives of the cause be- Scotland in South India, brought other principal sources. In his longing to India, Persia, China, the author of this volume into effort to give the reader all the Japan, the Ottoman Empire, and contact with the Syrian Christhe early Church Fathers as well tians. He became interested in known facts he has made some as its great exponents in Euro- the history of the great "Church of his pages rather heavy, and pean and American his tor y. of the East" (the Nestorian one wishes that much of this ma- Adequate treatment is also given Church) of which they are a terial might have been included to the movements for the separa- branch, and in this interesting in appendices. In many places, tion of State and Church in our volume he has made available however, the story is told in a own day in France, Scotland, for English readers the results very interesting fashion. There Wales, and other lands. of his studies. Most of us who are several inaccuracies in de- have studied church history in tails, such as, the statement that This is a kind of encyclopedia the tomb of Esther is in Tabriz, on the subject of religious free- and that the medical school of dom, except that it is the opinion Gondisapor was in the Punjab (it is in Persia). One is inclined to feel that, in his enthusiasm for the glorious past of the

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

Church of the East, Dr. Stewart that flow out to the mind of to- secular instruction is whether it has painted the picture of its is right to use missionary money character and achievements in day. Perhaps, therefore, there too vivid colors. But though the and Christian workers merely to Christians of Central Asia may are phases of thought and exnot have been as numerous or as teach arithmetic, geography, hisloyal as some of the records rep- pression which will be transi- tory, and similar subjects. It is resent them, still the fact re- true that the early church spent mains that the Nestorian Church tory. Perhaps there are some its time who II y in Christian was able to do what modern mis- preaching and teaching, wit h sions have not yet accomplished, enduring values and permanent some healing work. It is open to namely, to establish a living, question, however, whether misself-propagating church in al- notes lost for the time in the new sion work, if confined strictly to most every part of Asia. this apostolic method would pro- emphasis. How could it be oth- duce the per man e n t results The almost complete disap- sought in our complex modern pearance of this Church from erwise? But it would be hard to world. As a rule the Gospel of Asia some five hundred years Christ functions more effectiveago was due chiefly to persecu- find more glorious love of Christ ly in a cultured mind than in an tion, compromise with other re- ignorant one. ligions, and the Mongol invasion. or clearer recognition of His Dr. Stewart might have added It is generally conceded in the ignorance and corruption of glory and grace, His uniqueness missionary circles that Christian the clergy, as pictured in "Wil- evangelism should be the central liam Rubruck's Journey to Tar- and His sufficiency, His "alone- factor in all work on mission tary," and to the vast distances fields-whether through preachseparating the churches of the ness," His "absolute value." Dr. ing, class room activities, medi- Far East from their headquar- cal service, industrial work, or in ters in Mesopotamia. Buttrick knows that the Gospel the preparation of literature.

Two important f act s are is not a human aspiration or in- Missionaries deal not merely brought out in Dr. Stewart's with the ears of man but with book: (1) Many of the elements vention but "an eternal Gospel, their entire personalities. One in the non-Christian religions hundred years ago it was generwhich seem to resemble Chris- from everlasting to everlasting ally considered sufficient to protian ideas are really derived claim the good news of Christ; from Christianity, and can, in the overture of God to men in today we see how important it many instances, be traced back is to prepare the way for the to the time when the Nestorian Christ Jesus." "Jesus came Gospel and to train Christians Church was influential in India to assume responsibility of and the East. (2) When Chris- preaching." Dr. Buttrick sees leadership. The full message of tianity effected a compromise Christ must be applied in the with other religions in India and that the mission of the preacher classroom, the dispensary, the China, it ceased to be mission- today is to preach Jesus Christ, work shop, in social life, and in ary, and soon disappeared. The the home as well as in the fate of the Church of the East is and that no one will ever exhaust Church. a warning to all missionaries to lay a true foundation which this message or be able to do J.F. R. nothin!!, can overthrow. more than make a new attempt "Yes, But-" The Bankruptcy of W.M.M. Apologetics. By Willard L. Sperry. to open the riches of the glory Harper & Bros. New York. 185 Jesus Came Preaching. By George A. pp. $2.00. Buttrick. 8 vo. 239 pp. $2.50. of Christ to men. The lectures Scribners. New York. 1931. The title of the book is a clever are a fresh and sincere and able phrase coined by Johann Semler Those who heard the "Yale of Halle, who lived at the begin- Lectures on Preaching" for 1931 effort to set forth anew and for ning of the era of destructive and had heard many other lec- criticism of the G 0 s pel s. He tures in this famous series our time and especially for the feared the consequences for his thought that no lecturer had own faith. His type of mind permade a deeper impression than preachers in our time, the glory sists, and this book itself raises Dr. Buttrick since Sylvester questions but does not answer Horne. Dr. Buttrick, in trying of God as it shone in the face of them. The contents deal with reto speak to the mind of this day, ligion, theology, and truth, all of uses the vocabulary, the fashion Jesus Christ. R. E. S. which are considered as standof speech, the approach, the ing at the cross-roads. The auforms of statement and appeal Education and the Missionary Task. thor, who is Dean of the Theo- By a Mission Secretary. 33 pp. logical School at Harvard Uni- 6d. World Dominion Press. Lon- don. 1931.

This address, delivered at an annual conference in England, takes the position that we must get back to more direct evangel- ism in all missionary work. This is a world-wide issue and repre- sents a resurgence of feeling in some sections of the Church. Again and again evangelism has been stressed as the only way to win non-Christians to disciple- ship, and the only justification for soliciting funds for the sup- port of the work. Probably there would be a general agreement among the missionary-minded in putting evangelism first and, no doubt, it should be emphasized more than it has been. Mission- aries are sent forth to win dis- ciples to Christ by preaching the Gospel, and to build up a body of believers by gathering them into Christian churches.

The question raised regarding

versity, asks such questions as, the mingling with Hebrew re- tions, games, verses, stories and whence liberalism? whither lib- ligion of foreign s t rea m s of adventures offered in this ateralism? and what is the place thought, and especially of the tractive volume. The voyagers of Jesus in His own religion? speculations which had come in travel to Africa, India, the Med- The book contains frank and from Persia. It was due still iterranean I and s, Japan and courageous criticism, but its ten- more to the unfolding of great China, seeing strange sights, dency is against super-human ideas which had always been im- hearing new sounds, and becomreligion. The least satisfactory plicit in Hebrew religion itself." ing acquainted with children of chapter is the one dealing with The second part of the book, other races. The stories and the place of Jesus in Christian- d e a lin g specifically with the poems have no Christian tone or ity. e. g.: teaching of Jesus regarding the message. They have little mean- "Browning say s somewhere Kingdom, contains much that is ing and apparently no purpose that the acknowledgment of God excellent. Finally, the author except to amuse and awaken a in Christ solves for us all ques- traces the later development of sense of fellowship with children tions in the universe. That is a the kingdom and its mission in of other races. gross overstatement of the fact. the establishment of the church The acknowledgment of God in and the proclamation of a world- Escape. By Francesco Fausto Nitti. Christ may encourage us to place wide message. 8 vo. 267 pp. $2.50. Putnam. a particular interpretation upon S. M. Z. New York. 1931.

many of the processes of nature Charles Lewis Slattery. By Howard Opinions differ about Premier and history, but it simply does Chandler Robbins. 400 pp. $2.50. Mussolini. To some he is almost not answer countless questions Harpers. New York. 1931. a God; to others he is a demon. that the human mind must ask Francesco Fausto Nitti, the son and for which it must try to find As rector of Grace Protestant of a Methodist clergyman and an answer. I write down this the nephew of a former premier reversed doctrine of the divinity Episcopal Church, New York, of Italy, shares the latter opinof Christ, that God must be at ion. He entered the World War least as good as Jesus is, as too Bishop Slattery made a pro- when only fifteen. Later he bepatently apologetic and too com- came an ardent advocate of deplacently indifferent to the hon- found impression upon the re- mocracy and liberty. He was a est brain work of the world to be bank employee and student and of any permanent help." ligious life of that great city, was opposed to Mussolini's auto- cratic dictatorship and the forci- S. M.Z. and when Bishop Lawrence re- ble suppression of all opponents. He was not in politics but was The KingdOm of God in the New Tes- tired as Bishop of the Diocese of arrested and sentenced without tament. By Ernest F. Scott, D. D. hearing, trial or conviction to 197 pp. $1.75. Macmillan. New Massachusetts, Dr. Slattery was five years confinement in one of York. the many prison islands. After chosen as his successor. In this suffering many trials, indigni- This scholarly volume has only ties and inj ustices he, and two indirect bearing on the mission- wide field he showed gifts of companions, escaped from Liary enterprise. Its chief aim is pari, Italy'S "Devil's Island," to determine how Jesus con- leadership and qualities of and made their way to Paris. ceived of the Kingdom of God. The story of the experiences and The author, professor of New Christian character that won the the audacious flight for freedom Testament C r i tic ism in the is thrilling. The picture given Union Theological Seminary, ap- respect and affection of people of Mussolini and the reign of proaches the subject from the terror under his regime is that standpoint of liberal Christian- of all religious beliefs. He pub- of a ruthless machine that mows ity. He says, "Thus from the down all that opposes its progidea of J ahve as King of Israel lished more than a score of ress. Evidently there is no libarose that of the one God, who erty in Italy for those who are reigns over all nations and who books in the field of religion and not Fascisti. Mussolini is a powmade and governs the universe." erful autocrat who is determined He traces the historical back- biography, was fo:: many years to make Italy a powerful nation, ground of the conception of the but he rules by fear and force kingdom; emphasizes the influ- Chairman of the Church Conence on Jewish thought of Persian mythology and Rabbinical gress in the United States, Chairman of the Commission on the Revision of the Book of Com- mon Prayer, an Overseer of Harvard College, and a Trustee of Boston University, Andover, and Wellesley College.

Dr. Robbins has done much more than describe the external facts of Bishop Slattery's life.

His picture is that of a man with a genius for friendship, a devo- tion to his daily tasks, and an unaffected joyousness in living.

This kind of biography enriches the mental and spiritual life of the reader. A. J. B.

apocalyptic. Drawing the conclu- The Treasure Ship Sails East. IlIus. and not by love and justice. sion that "Jesus, then, fell heir 8 vo. 127 pp. $2. Macmillan. Many of the strongest, most into a conception which had passed New York. 1931. telligent, noblest Italians have through a long development in Boys and girls love adventure. been mercilessly imprisoned, the religion of Israel. . . . This Primary children will be at- banished or killed. The Fascisti development was partly due to tracted by the colorful illustra- need the Gospel of Christ.

Books Negroes of Afric:a–:.History and Cul-

ture. Maurice Delafasse. 313 pp. $3.15. Associated Publishers. Wash- Announcins I New Ind ~ to the FuIl.· Striking addresses ington. 1931. ThorouShly Reviled Edition of by John McNeill. 208 pp. 28., 6d. The Remaking of Man in Africa. J. The Progress of Pickering "Inglis. London. 1931. H. Oldham and B. D. Gibson. 84 The Centennial of the Western For- pp. 28., 6d. Oxford University eign Missionary Society. Edited by Press. London. 1931. World -Wide Missions James A. Kelso. 234 pp. Commit- Streams in the Desert. Mrs. Chas. E. tee of Pittsburgh Presbytery. Pitts- Cowman. 378 pp. $1.50. Oriental B, Ihe burgh. 1931. . Missionary Society. Los Angeles. Schoolgirls Together. Mrs. E. Weller. Rev. Robert HIli Glovw, M. D., F.R.G.S. Calendar-Jewish and Christian. The 18. China Inland Mission. Lon- Late S. B. Rohold. 110 pp. 40 don. 1931. Ho.e DIrector, Chlnelalencl MI…on cents. Mt. Carmel Bible School. A _preh..llye hlltory ad ….._ book Ihlt mould be In Ihe IIbr.., 01 "'err one Inl. . .eeI In .1…0…. A ……… ad • Hudson Taylor's Legacy. Marshall clllllle wrlllen b, • r..1.1"'0…, ……… Haifa. 1931. Curing the Inc u r a b I e. Winifred Bromhall. 167 pp. 28., 6d. China "For yed" there hdS been. growlns de…nd Combes. 35 pp. 6d. Church Mis- Inland Mission. London. 1931. for such d mlulon.ry text-book IS this. It Is an sionary Society. London. 1931. Under Seven Congo Kings. R. H. Indlspenwble work for dll deslrlns concl.c In- Carson Graham. 293 pp. 68. Carey formation on every PMse of mllSiolllry en- Chief Among the Brethren. Compiled Press. London. delYOr. It "/IRS true to the Gospel Mawsc," by H. Pickering. 223 pp. 38., 6d. -SUNDAY SCHOOL TIMES Pickering & Inglis. London. 1981. A Way of Escape. Raymond B. Fos- With Maps, Full Indices, Bibliography, Samuel Crowther of Nigeria. Jesse dick. 15 pp. Princeton University Etc., Octavo. 418 Pages, $2.50 Press. Prineeton. 1931. Page. 191 pp. 28. Pickering & RlY Long a Rlchlrd R. Smlth~ Inc. Inglis. London. 1931. Year Book of Miseions. 68 pp. 35c. The Christian Mission in Rural India. American Board of Commissioners 12 Eest 4hl Street. NC1II! YotIc Kenyon L. Butterfield. 160 pp. In- for Foreign Missions. Boston. 1931. ternational Missionary Council. New Persona' Items York. 1931. Annual Report of the Panjab Mission, Clever Country. Caroline Gardner. 158 1930-S1. Wesleyan Mission Press. Myscire. 1931.

pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. (Continued from Bd C01JM') 1931. Fanny Crosby. John Hawthorne. 64 pp. 18. Pickering" Inglis. Lon- Obituary Notes The Rev. James L. Kennedy, a mis- don. 1931. sionary of the Methodist Episcopal From Genesis to Revelation. S. Ridout. Mrs. J. J. Lucas, of India, for over Church, South, has rounded out a h81f . 261 pp. 28., 6d. Pickering" In- sixty years a missionary of the Amer- century of service in Brazil. His ican Presbyterian Church in India, range of activities includes that of glis. LondDn. 1931. died at the home of her son, Dr. E. J. evangelist, pastor, treasurer, schoo] His Bequest-The Believer's Riches in Lucas, in Lahore, on December 4th. president and author of A History of Her husband, Dr. J. J. Lucas, who Methodism in Brazil (in Portuguese). Trust. Norman B. Harrison. 48 survives, has had a similar long term pp. Art cover, 25 cents; gift edi- of service in India. Mrs. Lucas was … … … , tion, 40 cents. B. I. C. Assn. Chi- born in Vermont and in India served eago. 1931. successively in Mainpuri, Fatehgar, Dr. Kenyon L. Butterfield, who for How to Master the Bible. Martin Saharanpur and Allahabad. Since the past two years has served as coun- Anstey. 204 pp. 28., 6d. Picker- 1923, when they resigned after fifty selor on rural work for the inter- ing & Inglis. London. 1981. years of active service, Dr. and Mrs. national Missionary Council, and in Knowing the Bible. Raymond C. Knox. Lucas have lived in Landour, North that capacity has visij;ed India, China, 277 pp. $1.75. Macmillan. New India. Among their children, who call Korea and the Philippine Islands, has York. 1931. them blessed, are Dr. Wm. P. Lucas, been appointed for another year to .Missions in the Bible. J. B. Lawrence. of California; Mrs. Frances Hender- lecture and write. He plans to con- 186 pp. 75 cents, cloth; 50 eents, son of Ohio State University, and sult with mission boards regarding the paper. Southern Baptist Conven- Dr. Edmund D. Lucas, President of strengthening of rural work in mis- tion. Atlanta. 1932. Forman Christian College, Lahore. The Rural Mission of the Church in On her eightieth birthday Mrs. Lucas sion lands. … … … Eastern Asia. Kenyon L. Butter- took her first ride in an airplane at Beld. 222 pp. International Mission- Allahabad. The Rev. James W. Hawkes, on ary Council. New York. 1931. November 1, 1931, completed 50 years World Clock. A colored chart. Thomas of missionary service in Persia. He T. Smith. 25 cents each; $15 per is an outstanding scholar of Persian, 100. Thos. T. Smith. Marion, Ind. William Knowles Cooper, for twen- having assisted in a revision of the Missionary Heroines in Eastern Lands. ty years (1909-1929) the General Sec- Persian Bible, and is the author of a E. R. Pitman. 191 pp. 28. Pick- retary of the Y. M. C. A. in Wash- new Persian Bible Dictionary. ering & Inglis. London. 1931. ington, D. C., died at his home there … … … To Mother: Memory Blossoms. Caro- on January 19th at the age of sixty- four. Mr. Cooper was born in Phila- The Rev. Jesse M. Bader, D. D., is lyn Nicholson Payson. 48 pp. $1. delphia in 1867 and was at different the new Field Secretary for Evange- Wheelock Pub. Co. Boston. 1931. times secretary of the Y. M. C. A. Marches of the North. E. Alexander in Brooklyn, New York and in Spring- lism in the Federal Council of Powell. Illus. 311 pp. $4. Cen- Beld, Mass. He rendered valuable Churches. Dr. Bader's interest in tUry. New York. 1931. service on the Laymen's Council of evangelism has taken him to most of Missions Matching the Hour. Stephen Congregational Churches, with the the English-speaking world, including J. Corey. 184 pp. Cokesbury Press. Boy Scouts of America, the Federal Nashville. 1931. Council of Churches and other Chris- Great Britain, New Zealand and Aus- New Life Through God. Toyohiko tian organizations. tralia.· Kagawa. 210 pp. $1.50. Revell. … … … New York. 1931. Dr. W. T. Anderson, a veteran mis- Paterson of Hebron. W. Ewing. Illus. sionary of the United Presbyterian' The Rev. William S. Beard retired 2056 pp. 88., 6d. James Clarke " Mission in India, died January 21st February 1st as executive secretary at Sialkot, India. Mr. Anderson was of the Commission on Missions of o. London. preparing to return to America when the Congregational and Christian 'Jlae Pilgrim Church. E. H. Broad- he was called "home." Churches. In the last twelve years Mr. Beard has directed campaigns !urst. 406 pp. 78., 6d. Pickering which have collected large sums for ur; Inglis. London. 1931. foreign missions.

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The Missionary Review of the World — February 1932

1932

Student Volunteers at Buffalo An Editorial The Way of Victory in China Walter H. Judd Modern Miracles at Moga Irene Mason Harper Are Mission Boards Worth While Arthur J. Brown

~, THE BOARD OF FOREIG~ !fISSIONS . ~ ",………………..FLORIDA………..""""""'"

For HEALTH .nd WINTER SUN. DEPARTMENT OP' ANNUITIES SHINE-CAMP.of·tJ,e-PALMS on ; LAke·of·BAYS YOUR GIFT NOW A comfortable Cabin Colony. Two hours southwest of St. WILL" BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING Augustinv, on the Ridge. Nine- OF GIVING WHILE LIVING AND THE teen lakes. Christian super- GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FORE1GN vision. Delightful fellowship MISSIONS THAT YOU WILL HAVE AN for young and old. Rates to suit your need. Headquarters of INCOME FOR LIFE the National Camp and Health League and the Gospel Volun- ERNEST F. HALL, SeN'elQry 1,6 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK teers of the World. 32nd Season. Illustrated booklet.

ifJ PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S.A. .~ GEORGE F. TIBBITTS Found.r end Dlrecto, Keystone Heights, Fla.

THE KIN G'S BUSIN ESS (Th·,::~!:~~rn~~:::·) Dates to Remember WILLIAM P. WHITE~ D.O., Editor February 5-Closing FLORIDA MIS- SIONARY ASSEMBLY at Jacksonville. PASTORS,_TEACHERS, CHURCH L.I Ihe R••d… Sp••k lor Th….lv.. wORKER5- February 8-16-INTERNATIONAL COUN- "I u•• Ih. H.lps .ltot.lh.r In studyl,,! .y S"y CIL OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION, Chi- Look .t this parti.1 list of contents: School L.non." cago, Illinois. Pm.nl-Dn Fullll••nl 01 Proph.cy "II Is .ound In doclrill••nd I. 8ne In Ib e.pOllllon February 12-WORLD DAY OF PRAYER. World events In the IllIht of Scripture. 01 deep .plrll..llrul…." , Cr_bs fro. Ih. Kln.'s r-bl. February 12-14-National Convention "Ib llllicl.. on proph.cy ar. In.plrln. 10 Ih_ of the LEAGUE OF EVANGELICAL STU- Rich Bible truths by the editor. DENTS, Pittsburgh, Pa. Conlrllt.ted Arllcl•• Iroublou. U…." July 25-31-WORLD SUNDAY SCJlOOL By outstandinlt~hrlstlan leaders. "W. and !het 'Th. Kin.'. Bu.ln…' •••b Iha CONVENTION, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Hurl 10 H••rI with OUI Younl R••d… n••d. 01 th. PI_nt day. W. cannot do without 11." Personal Items Interestlns stories with a messase. Inl.,..Uon.1 L.noll Co….ntery "I k••p.1I .y cople.lor r…..nc••"

A thorough treatment of the S. S. Lessons.

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$2 Worth For $11 Misa Anne Seedoltz, of Canton, Ohio, is the newly elected Executive THE BIBLE TODAY, a condensed, popul'!!1 pertinent evangelistic magazine, published by the Secretary of. the Council of Women Natlon.1 Bible Institute, 340 West 55th Street, New York, will b. sent to for Home Missions. After her grad- uation from Western Reserve Uni- You .ad • friend 10, versity, Miu Seesholtz was graduate exchange student in Theology at War- ONE YEAR' FOR ONE DOLLAR burg, Germany; later a teacher in (Resular subscription price 51.00 a year) Canton High School and in Y. W. C. A. work in America and Chipa. In Speci.1 offer from November 15, 1931, to February 29, 1932 1930-31 she was a member of the Fact Finding Commission for China of the DON O. SHELTON, LL.D., Editor Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry.

Some of the notable articles especially written for THE BIBLE TODAY to be published during 1931-1932 ••• "How 10 Glow • Soul," by the REV. DR. JAMES BLACK, P.stor of Free St. Georges, Edlnbursh, President G. Bromley ODUlDl of De- Pauw University, Dr. Frank W. Pad- Scotland. , elford of the/Northern Baptist Board "Lenonl Fr2111 • C.Ii," by W. HOSTE London, Ensland. of Education, Dr. Edward RyDearson "The Man Who Wenl to see What He Could see," by MELVIN 'G. KYLE, president of the Xenia of the Pittsburgh public schools voca- tional department, and Miss Ruth. F. Theological Seminary. " Woodsmall, have recently visited J a~ "1•••ln. Ihe Bible," by AMOS It WELLS, Honorary Editor of the "Christian Endeavor World. pan as members of a commission on Christian Education, similar to the And More Ih.n Fody Other InlPlrlns, Felth·llrenllh.nIIlS M……. one that went to India last year. The American and British members col- A Speci.1 Combin.tion Offer laborated with a group of Christian Japanese educators. THE BIBLE TODAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1.00 } Both SUS THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD …….. : …………….. 2.50 Save 75c (Continued on 8rd CO'IJe'l') Addra. yo., Old… 10 ellher ollce "

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The January REVIEW re- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor ceived a warm welcome in all quarters. Its contents and ap- Vol. LV February, 1932 No.2 pearance were highly com- FRONTISPIECE-Map of Arabia…….••..•••…..•..•.•..••.. mended and have already won new friends. Talk it up in your Page church and society. The fol- TOPICS OF THE TIMES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . 67 lowing are interesting comments: Students and Missions at Buffalo Power and Co-operation in "I am delighted with the J an- Progress in Persia Home Missions uary REVIEW. We will do the China's Progress Under Difficulty Student Reactions to the Vol- best we can for your fine maga- unteer Convention zine." Lucy W. Peabody.

"Let me congratulate you on LOVE-THE WAY OF VICTORY IN CHINA… . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 the new January REVIEW. It An Address at the Student Volunteer Convention at Buffalo by is excellent in every way. I Dr. Walter H. Judd think the contents make it one of the best you have issued." DO MEN REALLY NEED CHRIST? . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 By the Rev. Cleland B. McAfee, D.D., Secretary of the Board of Foreign John McDowell. Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

"Your January issue makes a DOCTORING PAGANS OF THE SUDAN. . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . 81 splendid appearance. I think By Kenneth G. Fraser, F.R.G.S. the matter is fine and well balanced." Paul deSchweinitz. MODERN MIRACLES AT MOGA …………………………. 83 By Irene Mason Harper, a missionary at the Moga School "The format of the January REVIEW is certainly a great WINNING STUDENTS IN MISSION SCHOOLS. . . . . . • . • . • . • . . . •. 88 improvement and ought to be By the Rev. J. H. Linton, Missionary Bishop of the Church of England very acceptable." ARE MISSION BOARDS WORTH WHILE? . • . . . . . • • . . . • • . . . . • • 91 Jay S. Stowell. By Dr. ArthlH' J. Brown, Secretary Emeritus of the Board of Foreign "I very much like the new Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. form of the REVIEW. We sorely need such a magazine as A FORWARD MOVEMENT IN CHINA ..••.••••.••••…•..•.••. 95 this has proved to be." By the Rev. Robert Hall Glover, M.D., Home Director of the China Inland Mission in North America Katherine A. Silverthorne. PROBLEM OF CHRISTIAN COLLEGES IN INDIA………….. 98 WHAT DO YOU THINK? A recent book review by Ralph B. Nesbitt Do not fail to read the story THE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN ITALy ……..••.•………•. 161 of the Student Volunteer Convention at Buffalo. That gath- By the Rev. W. H. Rainey, F.R.G.S.. Secretary for Western Europe and ering of bright, eager youth had North Africa of the British and Foreign Bible Society much of the old thrill and was tremendously encouraging. WHY IS ARABIA STILL NEGLECTED?…… .. .. .. .. .. .. .. …. 105 Read also–if you miss all By the Rev. Samuel M. Zw~mer, D.D., Professor of the History of else-the stirring story of what Religion and Christian Missions, Princeton Dr. Walter Judd discovered in his medical adventures among EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING ……………………….. 107 bandits and Christians in China. Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison CAN YOU BEAT IT? WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN …………••..• 111 Edited by Helen M. Brickman and florence G. Tyler OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ………………………….. 115 A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events We have many stirring pa- OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF………………………… 127 pers in this number. Do you Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information agree? There are many more to follow-by Prof. Jabavu of Publication Office 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana South Africa; Prof. Oscar M. Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Buck of Drew University; Dr. T. Z. Koo of China; Dr. Robert Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Harrisburg, P&., under Act of March E. Speer; Dr. William R. King 3,1879. on "What Progress in Home Missions"; Dr. John McDowell Application has been made to transfer to Indianapolis, Ind. on "The New Dynamic," Sam 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year Higginbottom of India – and others. Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by the Will You Help to Boost the MISSIONARY REVIEW PUllLISHING CO., INC. REVIEW Circulation? Board of Directors ROBERT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL McCREA CAVERT . WM. I. ,CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer WM. B. LIPPHARD DELAVAN L. PmRSON, Secretary ERIc M. NORTH SAMUEL M. ZWEMER

TWENTY-FIVE HUNDRED STUDENT DELEGATES AT A PLATFORM MEETING IN

WHERE DR. JUDD MET THE BANDITS ON THE MIN RIVER A WARD IN DR. JUDD'S HOSPITAL AT SHAOWU REPRESENTATIVES FROM CHINA AT THE QUADRENNIAL CONVENTION OF THE STUDENT VOLUNTEER MOVEMENT. LEFT TO RIGHT. Y . E. HSIAO. SECRETARY OF THE CHINESE CHRISTIAN STUDENT ASSOCIATION; DR. T . Z. KOO.

VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE WORLD'S CHRISTIAN STUDENT FEDERATION ; MISS BOO-YU-YANG. MISS MING-SIN TANG. MISS CHI-YI CHEN; DR. WALTER H. JUDD. MEDICAL MISSIONARY TO CHINA. (SEE ARTICLE ON PAGE 73.) VIVID REMINDERS OF THE RECENT STUDENT VOLUNTEER CONVENTION

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORW-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER Two FEBRUARY, 1932 T opies of the Times STUDENTS AND MISSIONS AT BUFFALO of the Moslem World, of India, and China, of Africa and Japan and Latin America for Christ A convention of over two thousand enthusias- and His saving Gospel. The spirit of prayer, of tic students representing five hundred educational heart-searching and of sacrifice was impressed on institutions'of the United States and Canada, is a all. Many students volunteered for service abroad thrilling sight. When we consider that these and as one result over 13,000 have actually gone young men and young women are earnest <?hris- out as missionaries to non-Christian people since tians the impression is deepened. Add to thIS the the movement was founded. The effect of these fact that the general dominating purpose of this Christian army of youth is not politics, athletics conventions was also felt in an increased missionor pleasure, but is to discover and put into prac- ary spirit in schools and colleges and in homes and tice the way to make Christ known to others and home churches. The Missionary Education Moveto make His principles dominant in every realm ment and the Laymen's Missionary Movement grew out of them.

of life-then this impression becomes an inspira- Then came the war with its devastating effect tion. and its new challenge to Christianity. The con- The Buffalo Student Volunteer Convention (De- vention at Des Moines in 1918 was a revolt against the old leadership. The five thousand students cember 30 to January 3) was not exclusively a for- who gathered there were not dominated by any eign missionary convention. The watchword of great missionary purpose. Many were ~ot even the movement-"The Evangelization of the World professing Christians. They were more mterestin This Generation"-was conspicuous by its ab- ed in race relations, economic improvement 3;nd sence. But it was a distinctly and thoroughly international peace than in world evangelization Christian convention and its motto: "The Living as such. They demanded student representation Christ in the World of Today" was fulfilled in in the councils and as a result the movement was every feature of the four-day program. reorganized under student control. The I~dian­ apolis Convention, four years later, was bUIlt ?P This twelfth convention was carefully planned on these lines with student directed forums to dISand organized, as usual, but in many respects it cuss the relation of Christ to world problems. was in marked contrast. to some that have pre- No doubt the students were somewhat extreme ceded it. In the first seven Student Volunteer and uninformed but they were thinking and conventions preceding the World War many of the delegates were volunteers for missionary service abroad and most of those who attended were mis- wished to see Christian principles applied to every sionary-minded. They had been prepared through sphere of life-on the campus and in the world at Volunteer Bands and study circles in their colleges large. The Detroit Convention was a step in adto hear direct appeals for missionary service. The vance with much the same spirit and program, addresses were powerful, informational and inspir- but ~ore intelligent, sane and constructive. ational appeals to evangelize the great non-Ch~istian peoples of other lands. It was an educatIOn The recent Buffalo Convention was a further to attend such a convention, with addresses by step forward. The more than two thousand stu- dents were predominantly earnest, intelligent and such older men as Hudson Taylor, Jacob Cham- Christian in character and purpose. In order to berlain, Bishop Thoburn, Horace G. Underwood, attend many students made great sacrifices, with and the then younger leaders John R. Mott, Robert drastic economies in food and carfare.

E. Speer, Samuel M. Zwemer and others. There The convention hall was a barnlike structure were masterly presentations of the supreme need but was made a sanctuary by the Spirit of Christ.

[67]

While there was a notable absence of missionary of Smith College aroused student enthusiasm and banners and slogans and of a map of the world, resulted in an almost unanimous vote for speedy such as were prominent at the early conventions, and drastic government action in favor of dis- the prevailing spirit and theme were represented armament and asking that President Hoover ap- by a simple gilded cross that hung at the center point a student from the United States on the back of the stage. The need of the non-Christian Geneva commission.

world for Christ and His saving Gospel was less With the atmosphere and the decks thus cleared stressed than was the need for the experience the students were more ready to devote their atand expression of the Cross in personal life and tention to the program and progress of missions in all human relationships. This aim was effec- among non-Christian peoples. These were detively emphasized but would have been more dis- scribed by Dr. John R. Mackay of Latin America, tinctly missionary if there had been a more ade- Dr. Paul W. Harrison of Arabia, the Rev. Wm. quate presentation of the needs of the non-Chris- Miller of Persia and Prof. Jabavu, who came 10,- tian peoples and the progress of Christ's program 000 miles to attend the convention. The present throughout the world. needs of the missionary movement were presented Enlisting the Student Mind in a masterly way by Dr. John R. Mott, Dr. James Endicott of Canada and by Dr. Robert E. Speer, Some special features of earlier conventions who gave a stirring address on the convention were lacking or altered at Buffalo. In place of a theme. The real climax was- in the soul-stirring missionary educational exhibit inspiring to World message by Dr. Walter H. Judd who graphically Service, the bookstall at Buffalo was chiefly com- described thrilling experiences in bandit-infested mercial and some books on sale were not even districts of China and who testified to the effec- Christian. The music was not made as vital and tiveness of love as God's way to win men to Himeffective a part of the program as in the days of self. The life aims of many students were the male quartette, though the Westminster changed by that powerful challenge. (This ad- Chorus from Ithaca College rendered beautiful dress will be found in the present number of THE and often inspiring selections. A missionary play, REVIEW.) "Ba Thane," was artistically given to show some The outstanding impressions of this convention of the hardships and disappointments of mission- were, first, the fine Christian character and spirit ary life in Burma. It might have been supple- of the students and, second, the evident earnest- mented to advantage by some scene showing as ness of their purpose to put into operation the vividly the joys that come from triumphant part- teachings and program of Christ in every sphere nership with God in His work. The spectacular and relationship of life. No one could fail to be pageant, depicting the horrors of war and eco- struck by the vast gulf that separated the boister- nomic injustice, appealed to some but the impres- ous and sometimes bibulous merrimakers at the sion made seemed scarcely to warrant the lavish hotel on New Year's Eve and the joyous but seri- expenditure of time, money and effort. ous crowd of Student Volunteers that thronged Twenty-eight round table conferences divided the ballroom of the Statler Hotel for their Watch- the students into groups to discuss topics ranging night Service of praise, prayer and silent conse- all the way from "Social Engineering" to "The cration. The students attended general meetings Gospel which Commands Us." These conferences and conferences with great faithfulness, unde- were under able leadership and were a great im- terred by blizzard weather or blazing theatrical provement over the old forums or discussion signs. Many have returned to their colleges and groups which gave students an opportunity for seminaries determined to awaken greater interest self-expression but usually reached no definite among fellow students in the program of Jesus conclusions. Christ. Is it too much to hope that they will also The program of platform addresses was fortu- be led to form again bands of Student Volunteers nately progressive. After an earnest opening ser- and mission study groups so that they may be- mon by Dr. Ernest F. Tuttle on "God and Man," come as well informed on the work of Jesus Christ the early addresses gave rather depressing pic- and the affairs of the Kingdom of God as they are tures of "The Present World Situation"-as de- on international politics and economic and social scribed by Mr. Kirby Page and Dr. T. Z. Koo- problems? We look forward to the New Year without presenting the remedy. The very able with renewed hope and courage as we consider critical analysis of the missionary enterprise by the consecrated youth who are ready to follow Dr. Oscar M. Buck of Drew University and the and proclaim the way of the Cross, and as we picture of conditions in South Africa by Prof. D. realize the Power of God that is available to trans- D. T. Jabavu were challenging. The a,ppeal for form present ignorance, weakness, selfishness and international disarmament by Prof. Ralph Harlow corruption into Christlike wisdom, power, self-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

sacrifice and purity. May God hasten the day CHINA'S PROGRESS UNDER DIFFICULTY when thousands of the finest of the youth of China's relations with her island neighbor have America will again respond to the call of Christ engrossed universal attention since last Septemto be His ambassadors to their fellow men and ber. The effect of the strained relations with women of every race and nation and when all Japan-often very tense in the past, but now Christians will be intelligent and effective part- strained beyond any previous experience-is twoners with God in the work of transforming every fold, one for evil and one for good. The fear and human enterprise and relationship through the hatred felt in China, especially since 1915, in relapower of the Holy Spirit. tion to Japan, smouldering at times, eruptive at times, have been intensified to the utmost by re- PROGRESS IN PERSIA cent events. These sentiments have found violent expression among China's students, who have come The changes that have taken place in ancient to a realization of their power since 1919, but they Persia are astounding. Many old things passed too often exaggerate. that power and distort the away with the expulsion of the old Shah and life nature of the responsibility which it imposes, thus has taken on a new significance, with new outlook inflicting wounds instead of welfare, and violently and opportunities. Not only has there been ma- pressing mad counsels upon their more experi- terial progress, with the building of roads and the enced rulers. Another evil effect is the very real increase of automobiles and airplane traffic, but threat to world peace through a sympathetic in- enlightenment and greater freedom have come to volvement of other nations in what has been a women and in politics, education and religion. real war in Manchuria though without formal About four years ago the Persian Government declaration.

issued an edict banning the teaching of the Chris- The indirect good effects of China's evil plight, tian religion or the observance of the Christian may, in God's overruling Providence, eventually religion in mission schools and colleges. The prove greater than the evil, whatever may be done, American Presbyterian and the Church of Eng- or left undone, by the sorely harried League of land missions prepared to close their educational Nations. In the midst of the general bitterness work rather than comply. The Ministry of Edu- there has bloomed the beautiful blossom of a long- cation saw new light and forbore to enforce the retarded bud of international Christian love.

edict. Twelve years ago any suggestion in China, even in A recent letter from Persia reports that the Christian gatherings, that any love was due to Government has been endeavoring to regulate the any of the hated nation, was scouted with intense mission schools-not only in the secular subjects reprobation. The Chinese Church refused to send but in religious matters, insisting that the Koran delegates to the World's Sunday School Conven- and related subjects shall be taught in all schools. tion because it was held in Tokio. Last year an This is a step further than that taken by Japan extensive Good-will Tour of Japan was conducted and China. The missionaries in Persia have been by Chinese Christian students who were warmly praying unceasingly that the Ministry of Educa- welcomed in that country; and even at the Man- tion might experience a change of mind and ap- churian crisis in September Chinese and Japan- pealed to the Government against the enforcement ese delegates consented to sit together in Shanghai of this edict. Now our correspondent writes: at the Institute of Pacific Relations. Letters of "Thank God, yesterday we were given the news cordial brotherhood have also passed back and that Christian schools might carryon as before. forth between the National Christian Councils of lt is great to be backed up by prayer in this way. China and Japan, calling for earnest prayer that The thing that grips me is not SO much the result peaceful means of settling all controversy might of prayer in a special crisis but that the ordinary be found. Patriotic visitors from Japan apolo- daily prayer life makes it possible to meet every gized for their own country's method of settling difficulty and makes our work effective." her disputes.

The results of missionary work is not only evi- Again, with an outcome which only the future dent today in Persia in the number of Moslem stu- can reveal, China's accumulation of distresses dents seeking admission to Christian schools but has brought about a cessation of civil strife be- in the remarkable influence of Christian truth on tween Nanking and Canton and plans have been the characters and lives of students and their par- formed for the unification of the country under a ents. There is a real spiritual awakening in Per- coalition government with a smaller military ele- sia today and a readiness on the part of Moslems ment than in th'e past, though with professedly in- to openly confess Christ, in spite of opposition creased inclination to radical policies. The sep- and persecution. This is the time to pray for arate Cantonese Government has been discon- Persia. tinued. Strangely enough, among the first acts

of the new central government was the rescinding of the missionary, the greatest fact of all is that of the proclaimed abolition of all extraterritorial privileges from January 1, 1932. This is the op- the preaching of the Gospel goes on with increasposite of radicalism. Vigorous restraint has also been brought to bear upon the lawlessly radical ing vigor and with results hardly equalled in the students, and has ended their suicidally foolish past and scarcely to be expected in the confused demonstrations. present. COURTNEY H. FENN. The afflictions of civil warfare, flood and other evils which have brought the Chinese to the verge POWER AND CO-OPERATION IN HOME of despair have awakened many of the leaders to MISSIONS a keener realization of the fact that the impotence of her 400,000,000 people to ef£e.ctively oppose a For the first time the Home Missions Council neighbor with one-fourth her number, is due al- and the Women's Council for Home Missions met most entirely, not to the often proclaimed fact in Canada and in its great center of religious acthat "China is a peace-loving nation," but to the tivity, Toronto, January 4-6. Canadian represenlack of leaders who have been ready to subordi- tatives on these councils have sometimes felt that nate personal ambitions to the welfare of the na- the attention given to home missions in the United tion. The great peril of the present national States caused the great problems of Canada to be awakening is the temptation to attribute the chief overlooked. This year there was opportunity to causes of her weakness to the failure to develop a view the important and far-flung work of the military and naval power equal to that of her Canadian churches in the vast area from Labraneighbor. Any final failure of the League of dor to British Columbia and from the United Nations to uphold the various policies, treaties, States border to the Yukon. and compacts for which the League stands, will render certain this most unfortunate misinterpre- The value of the Home Missions Congress, held tation and will lead to an increased devotion of in Washington in December a year ago, was recnational resources to the equipment of her supe- ognized and the studies and findings of that rior numbers with an invincible armament. memorable assembly have been accepted as stand- ards of measurement for the enterprise in the The extraordinary international situation has varied fields there considered. In order that the so overshadowed everything purely domestic as to message of the Congress might be carried to the relegate even China's unparalleled floods to the churches and people in all parts of the country background. Yet nothing has more clearly dem- to arouse them to a sense of the magnitude, imporonstrated China's real progress than the manner tance, and urgency of home mission work, continin which she has accepted this awful calamity as uation conferences were held in various cities and Heaven's punishment for the sins of the people are to be continued through the present year. and their rulers, and has shouldered the chief responsibility for relief and rehabilitation. Though Two outstanding notes of these gatherings were in her wretchedness she has cried for help to bear the emphases on the spiritual dynamic and cothe burden which is too great for her, yet 80 per operation. The opening address of the President, cent of the relief thus far provided has come from Dr. John McDowell, gave the keynote to the first Chinese at home or abroad, and China refuses to of these calls. The vastness of the task, the combe overwhelmed by the appalling disaster. The plexity of the problems faced, and the sense of national relief organization follows the receding human limitation, driven home upon every agency waters, erecting stronger and higher dykes and in this period of financial stringency and of inother conservancy works; the poor people who creasing materialistic pressure, called forth rehave lost all are beginning again with a cheerful peated expressions of the need of stressing the courage. Road-making, street-widening, city-mod- spiritual aspects of home missions and of humble ernizing are going on apace in spite of floods and reliance upon the divine resources. bandits, poverty and war; Christian schools are full to overflowing and with few exceptions are Each year the necessity for cooperation in home preserving their Christian character. The cure mission work has been recognized, but the report of illiteracy through the popular education move- of Dr. William R. King, the general secretary of ment has made great progress; agricultural train- the Home Missions Council, was a revelation of ing and rural reconstruction are taking a strong how closely related the various boards and agenhold on the minds of leaders; industrial develop- cies are in their studies, plans, and service. In ment and regulation occupy a prominent position addition to the joint committees of the Home Misin the program of the central government and of sions Council and the Women's Council for Home great municipalities. And from the point of view Missions on Indians, Negroes, New Americans, etc., there are various enterprises, such as the work at Boulder City and Havana, which are con- ducted under the supervision of the Council.

An important field for cooperative service is

work for the Jews. It was the unanimous view council in the Canadian Government, declared of the Council that in this particular field coopera- that the greatest need of our times is the christion is necessary if any adequate service is to be tianizing of our ecclesiastical relations, of our sorendered. The Administrative Committee was in- cial relations, and of our international relations. structed to take the necessary steps to set up a "Racial prejudice," he said, "is in us all; yet it is department on the "Christian Approach to the as anti-Christian as anything can be. We have Jews" for educational or other service in which not accepted as truth the declaration that 'God the boards might desire to cooperate. hath made of one blood all the nations of men', but this is as true as that no individual can live The principle accepted in the matter of comity, today for himself alone." which promises to prevent overlapping in small communities, is "that the Home Mission funds The Home Missions Council re-elected Dr. John ought not to be used for the support of enterprises McDowell as president, Dr. William R. King as which compete with other evangelical denomina- executive secretary, and Rev. J. R. Hargreaves as tions." field secretary. The Women's Council elected as executive secretary Miss Anne Seesholtz. The popular meeting, in connection with the banquet, marked the peak of vision and inspira- The annual meeting, in spite of the economic tion. Bishop Francis J. McConnell sounded a depression which has been so trying to the soul call for consecrated personality in Home Missions of board administrators as well as to the faith and Miss Mabel Cartwright, LL.D., president of and endurance of loyal missionaries on the field, the Women's Auxiliary of the Church of England was marked by the spirit of hope and was forin Canada, issued a challenge to greater courage ward-looking in its plans for the future. It is in her spiritually-appealing and thought-provok- proposed to mark the close of the Five-Year Proing address on "The Call to Adventure in Home gram by another National Congress in January, Mission Work." The Honorable N. W. Rowell, 1934, to review the results of the five-year study King's Councilor, vice-president of the Institute and to consider advance steps for the future. on Pacific Relations, former president of the J. S. CONNING.

STUDENT REACTIONS TO THE VOLUNTEER CONVENTION From a Daughter of India long to. the same town or country, or speak the same language as we. The horizon of our respon- The main impression made by a large conven- sibility is widened out till it reaches to the farthtion of Christian men and women who have come est ends of the earth. to receive new inspiration and to take up the challenge of a world mission is that one finds God in a No one could come away from the convention truer, fuller way, and one recognizes more clearly without realizing that missions have accomplished our responsibility to seek and to find our fellow- great things of real value which other agencies men. This was clearly the great keynote of the have not been able to accomplish. Evangelistic, convention. educational and medical missions have helped to remove many of the outstanding evils of the world It was a great inspiration to watch the youth and have founded many young churches in all of North America so deeply enthusiastic about countries where Christianity was once unknown. bringing the message of Christ to the world. The respect for human personality which Christ Christ is the only solution for all our political and taught has gone far into the hearts of men where social problems, and the missionary movement is human beings were formerly considered to be of therefore one of the most important and greatly little value. needed movements in the world today. This convention clearly opened up a world It was very encouraging to be in close contact vision and the need for Christian missions in a with men and women who are interested in the perplexing situation. same cause in this age of skepticism and doubt. If religion is caught and is not taught, what a con- "I have not been interested in missions," said tribution this convention makes to the American an American college graduate to me, "but this youth! The representatives from other countries convention has shown me what missions mean to received inspiration from meeting those who the world." have a common aim and have devoted their lives to serving our Master. "It has been a great inspiration to meet at this convention men and women who are consecrated At the convention we came to realize more fully to the service of God," said another lady.

the responsibility of each Christian for uplifting "How may I -get the same spirit and the same Christian enthusiasm that are found in our leadthe rest of humanity. We were clearly shown ers and speakers and how may I pass them on to others?" were questions expressed by many a that our "brothers" are not merely those who be-

student at the convention. This challenge may who shared with us their experiences of the past mean a great deal to the future of the world. We and their faith for the future. have seen the need for finding God in all His power and His love and finding our fellowmen. The Buffalo Convention brings before me a se- We feel the need for one hundred per cent Chris- ries of impressions vivid and varied, but all extian men and women who will bring the message pressing the fellowship of Christians aU over the of Christ to this needy world. The responsibility world. They include impressions of groups and of each Christian has been so clearly shown that of leaders, but most of all impressions of new one feels ready to take up the challenge. ideas. Some one has said, "Nothing hurts so much as the entrance of a new idea," but the stu- "He is counting on you; if you fail, what then?" dents at Buffalo received plenty of new ideas! MARIAM MATHEWS. The conference is over, but the impressions re- main. We wonder what will be the real results! Biblical Seminary, New York. MARGARET T. SCOTT. From a Chinese Delegate Smith College, Northampton.

When thousands of delegates from different parts of the world, moved by one religious faith, From a Yale Senior meet under one roof, we might feel that world fel- At the end of most student conventions the col- lowship is no longer merely an ideal but a fact. lege delegate is found wondering what definite After hearing addresses dealing with the analysis values, if any, he has derived from the meeting.

of our modern world we were convinced that the Not so at the close of the recent Student Volun- world is really full of disharmony and chaos. teer Convention.

Under such conditions we realized that the world The first conviction is that Christian missions needs our united effort to bring about the real today are exerting a definite influence for good world fellowship. in all parts of the world. Evidence is not lacking.

The influence of the convention on the outgoing To learn from men just back from the field that missionaries was to give a .lot of information to conversions are made by Christian example rather those who were not familiar with the mission than by argument; to hear that the finances of field, but those who are familiar with the situa- medical clinics, such as that conducted by Dr. Wal- tion felt that the convention failed to give any ter Judd at Shaowu, in one of the most disturbed definite Christian program to reconstruct the areas of China, are handled by the Chinese them- world. C. C. LIANG. selves, and the hospital is actually operating with . Hartford SemirurLry and Yenching University. a bank balance of some six thousand dollars; to From a Senior at Smith understand that Christian missionaries are work- Two great central features of the Student Vol- ing to bring the people whom they today are helpunteer Convention at Buffalo were the large auditorium meetings, where we got a sense that we ing to the place where they will be able to help were in a great movement that really stretched around the world, and the smaller Round Table themselves-all this makes any thoughtful person groups where we could discuss to our hearts' content what we had heard in the larger meetings. desire to support these missionaries in what they There were some tremendously powerful things are doing to make a better world. said at the conference by missionaries and national leaders from around the world. Many of The Buffalo Convention impressed on aU presthese made a deep and lasting impression. Every meeting seemed to be a climax, but the climax of ent the fact a reduction of armaments alone canclimaxes for me was the evening when Dr. Walter Judd spoke on "The Way of Love in China" and not secure world peace over a period of years. gave a message that swept that crowd of students off its feet. At a committee meeting which fol- This will come only through the realization that lowed that session we just had to give up and go home. You cannot get your feet on the ground a nation's problems are the world's problemswhen you have been hit by the impelling force of a powerful ideal that sweeps you miles out into and that we in America are not only United States the beyond. New lines of vision had been opened up to us and we seemed to be such infinitesimal citizens but world citizens. The day when man parts of God's world that we felt a jolt every time we realized the potential horizons of action before will be living in such a utopia seems to be far off, us. We can never be too grateful to the leaders but this is no reason to be downcast, as was point- ed out by Professor J abavu, a South African na- tive. One should go about smiling with the faith that no matter what condition world affairs may be in, God is definitely at work in His world.

Behind every activity at the convention-in the "round table" discussions, in the platform speech- es, and particularly in Dr. T. Z. Koo's final ad- dress on "The Cross," was expressed the crying need for God-centered men in every walk of life today. HAZARD GILLESPIE.

Yale University.

Love-The Way of Victory In China*

..:( By WALTER H. JUDD, M. D. ):..

American Board Mission, Shaowu, Fukien, China W HY are we so careless about the invest- the most remarkable women I ever saw. She can ment of the only life we have? We spend do more good and· with greater graciousness and much time in planning what we will do with less effort than any person I have ever seen. with a summer vacation or some other little epi- She has had thirteen children, of whom twelve sode, but when it comes to deciding what we are are living. She had trachoma for two years and going to do with the only life we have, we just I had to operate on the lids twice. Not one of her hope that something will turn up to decide it for children ever had trachoma-she is that clean.

us. I am interested in my life, She is the best midwife in the as you are interested in yours. hospital and does most of the I don't want to throw it away The most stirring address work throughout the c h u r c h on a hopeless enterprise. I district. want to make it count for some- given at the recent Student thing. Mrs. Chao is also very artis- Volunteer Convention was by tic. She draws and paints, and When I went to China six almost every evening, as we sat years ago I had reasons strong this young medical missionary there, while I studied Chinese enough to cause me to pull up who has spent six years in with the younger boys, she was my roots here and try to trans- doing fancy work. One eveplant them over there. They China. His hospital was loot- ning I counted sixty-six pieces were arm chair convictions, if ed by bandits many times; he of cloth on which she was you like; but there is another drawing designs so that .some way of forming convictions- was once stood up to be Shot mother could embroider it, for and was twice in the hands of bandits. What he learned of the Chinese and the way to by flinging one's faith down in win them for Christ is here a cap or bib, hoping that Mrs. the heat of battle and seeing told with compelling power. Chao having done it, her child what comes out-the scientific It is the experience of a young will be strong and healthy. follower of Christ who has method, we might call it. Some This wonderful woman loves of the convictions I had before not feared to face death for the whole district, and goes out I went to China were strength- the sake of his Master and to do evangelistic work among ened beyond belief, and some those for whom the Master the people, everything fro m did not hold. To others I was died. how to bathe the baby to how driven by the sheer exigencies to read the Bible.

of the difficult situation. I Two years and a half ago, would like to share with you some of those convic- when I had been living in the hospital on the same tions. I can report to you that they hold! food as the patients and the nurses, Mrs. Chao 1. The first conviction is that all people around said to me, "Doctor Judd, you are getting thin."

the world are essentially the same. I have lived "No," I said, "I was always like this."

for two years in a Chinese home, most of that time "But you are getting thinner. You aren't get- the only man who spoke English in that part of ting good enough food. You ought to have somethe country, about twelve days' journey from any other American. In that home were twelve chil- body to look after you." dren. I understand the members of that family Then this woman with twelve children took me better than I understand some of the members of my own family from whom I have been separated on as the thirteenth. If you knew her you never for six years. again would say, "What difference does it make to us what happens to China." Mrs. Chao, the mother of this family, is one of When I went· into Chinese homes the young- sters, as soon as they saw that I wouldn't bite • This is an address given at the recent Student Volunteer Conven- them, would edge up to me, and want to feel my tion in Buffalo. Dr. Judd was for six years medical missionary in one white skin, particularly the hair on my wrist. of the most disturbed areas of China. He was traveling secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement in 1924 and 1925.-Edita.-.

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They thought: Foreigners have hair on their erty. We assume such changes are possible, inwrists just like animals. evitable. We in the West have learned to change because of the stimulation of one nation by an- Yes, there are differences of color in human other near at hand. China was surrounded by beings, and differences of language and custom; natural barriers which prevented such stimulation but the loves and the hates, the passions and de- from neighboring nations. sires, the capacity for sorrow and joy are the same. This may seem trite but if we believed it China is bounded on the Southwest by the Himwe would act differently. alaya Mountains, on the Northwest by the Gobi Desert, on the East and South by the sea. As a Isolation Is Abolished result, she built this self-contained, stagnant, un- changing nation. An occasional Marco Polo, or 2. Secondly, in a world in which the people are Jesuit priest, or other individual came through essentially the same, we must all stand or fall to- and there was a certain amount of foreign trade. gether. That is my second conviction. Interesting individuals from abroad caused a lot of comment in the Imperial Courts, but there was America, my own beloved country, cannot keep no impact of one civilization over on another. It her material wealth, her standard of living, to say was as though a man landed on this planet from nothing of her soul, while the rest of the world Mars. We would be interested in him and would lies prostrate. She can't do it. I don't hesitate to have big headlines about it in the newspapers, be dogmatic about it. but he wouldn't make any difference in our daily living. We have a peace problem. It takes two nations to make a war and it takes two to make a treaty. But suppose that day after tomorrow Mars No treaty of peace will ever be more than a scrap bumped up against the Earth and sent men and of paper unless both nations enter into it with machinery and implements of war to our planet good faith. that were far more advanced than ours? Suppose that in everything we tried to compete with them It takes two races to make a race problem. we always came off second best? That is precisely And it is not enough to change the attitude of what has happened to China. one race in order to solve that problem. The Chinese civilization is built around the The economic depression is occupying our ho- blood unit, the family. Ours is built around the rizon today. How are we going to get our fac- political unit, the State. In China, as long as a tories running again? man maintained peace and paid his taxes there was no interference by the government. His fam- As long as there is a man in America who does ily and his clan ran itself quite adequately for a piece of work in a factory at seven dollars a four thousand years. We have no conception of day, while in China a man is turning out the same the terrific momentum of that thing, and then, product for ten cents a day, we cannot jack the suddenly they were called upon to change and tariff wall up high enough to overcome that in- modernize their manner of life and their philosoequality. American labor cannot maintain the phy. Inevitably great difficulties arose. standard of living to which it is accustomed and meet that competition. If the standard of living Let me give a concrete illustration of how this in China doesn't come up somewhere near ours, old, unchanging world of China was suddenly then ours must go down nearer to theirs. We called upon to modernize her worn out, inadequate can't live by ourselves alone. civilization. For centuries China did not feel the need of transportation facilities because every dis- Unless we remember certain basic principles trict was self-contained. Now there is not enough we can't make sense out of some things that hap- food in a district to supply the need. A man can't pen in China. We are apt to assume that the Chinese will do in a certain situation what we would a carry more than about one hundred and thirty do, and he probably will not. pounds of rice day, and since he must eat, by the If you will keep one or two facts in the back time he reaches a distant famine stricken region of your mind, they will help you to understand he ha1? eaten up all his own rice. You can't solve the difficulty in China. the problem that way.

The first is that China built and maintained for They do not build railways because it takes over four thousand years a civilization on the as- capital and you can't save much money out of sumption of an unchanging world. It never had from thirty-five to sixty dollars income a year. changed, and she supposed it never would change. Foreigners must have high rates of interest if Our western civilization is based on the assump- they loan capital because the risk is so great and tion of the inevitability of a changing world. We they insist upon having an army in China to protalk in religion about the Kingdom of Heaven on tect their interests. So China does not want forearth; in politics about the United States of the World; in economics about the abolition of pov-

LOVE-THE WAY OF VICTORY IN CHINA

eign built railroads and can't transport rice to hope for China except in producing the right kind famine districts. of men and women. In a Chinese classic, I came across this word, written hundreds of years ago The language is also difficult. In my province by one of the old scholars: there are over two hundred dialects. Every forty or fifty miles you go, you find that they speak an If you are going to plant for one year, sow grain; if entirely different dialect. There is also the lack you are going to plant for ten years, put in trees; if you of a national press. In America, in twenty-four are going to plant for one hundred years, grow men. hours after an event happens three-fourths of our people are aware of it. In China it is weeks be- That presents the whole genius of the missionfore many people hear. Not more than ten or ary enterprise. There is no system of mass profifteen per cent can read and write. We don't duction of character. We must help China derealize what a unifying and educating influence velop men of character. our press exerts. Sun Yat Sen was only one man, but for forty There are many different opinions in China. It years he never swerved a hair's breadth from one is confusing. Some believe in competition; others idea and devotion. He changed the whole face of desire Communism. Another group says that it is China. He was a man of absolute integrity. Milthe machine that makes the Western civilization lions of dollars went through his hands, and not a great. While another group says that machines penny stuck. We must not be discouraged if we put millions out of employment. This group says can produce even one man of Christ-like character. we need dictatorship in our government, and an- There is no hope except in men of the right type. other group says democracy; this group says the I believed that before. I am dead sure of it now. way is force; we must have a great army and navy. Others say we need economic power. An- The Way of Love Works other group says that force is always a sign of defeat; the way is love and good will. 4. The next conviction that I want to share with you is that the way of love works. I be- With all these confusing, conflicting ideas is it lieved it was true before I went to China, but I a wonder there is difficulty in China today? But was afraid it might not stand the test. difficult as it is, the problem of China must be solved. Our nation herself cannot live without My hospital in Shaowu has been taken over China. seven times by hostile groups in the last five years. Every time we were practically cleaned The Great Need Is Men out, except the drug room. Thank heaven the drugs come in the foreign bottle with the foreign 3. My third great conviction is that there is no names and they were ,afraid to monkey with them solution to any of these problems, at home or because they heard that some contained poison. abroad, except in producing the right sort of men. That enabled me to carryon. I believe in treaties and disarmament and institutions, but I sometimes wonder if we don't let our- There were many Chinese with sore toes and selves believe too much in anything that is signed blisters, and stomach ache, or cough, and fevers by men who are less than trustworthy men of who had to forego their pride for a moment and good will. come to the foreign doctor. They are prejudiced against us until they know us, just as we are prej- We have a maxim in medicine that you must not udiced against them-until we know them. That give a hypodermic of morphine to a patient until is natural. We all do it. I don't like it, but I can't you have made a diagnosis, because the morphine get excited about it. gives you a false sense of security and you can't make a correct diagnosis. If we have disarma- They are prejudicial and misjudge us. They ment conferences with men of less than good will, say this man is a white man-off with his head. we must not take a hypodermic of morphine that Later they may discover that this particular forgives us a false sense of security. It will rob the eigner is more or less harmless, and some of the world of the one remedy that will save the world, more sensitive spirits are ashamed of th:;tt shabby and that is the religion of Christ. treatment of the early days.

I sometimes feel that we cannot depend on any- Three of many illustrations may show concretething done by men who are less than Christian ly that the "way of love" does work. men. I know China's faults, but someone must help China build internal restraint of character In 1927, when I had been in China only a short to take care of the old external restraints of social time, the Nationalist movement was advancing and family life, or China will go down. Many from the South, fed up with Russian propaganda. young Chinese, with the finest ideals, are trying Russia was trying to promote a world revolution to modernize this great nation, but there is no and the greatest obstacle was the British Govern- ment. If she could break Great Britain's hold in China, she could overthrow the government. She taught the Chinese to hate all Britishers.

When the Communist army entered Shaowu I knew he was a bandit and he knew that I somebody told them I was a Britisher. They knew he was a bandit, but we didn't say anybound me up to shoot me. I protested that I was thing about it. That man became my protector not a Britisher, but they didn't believe me. So and you ought to have heard him take my part. naturally they paid no attention to what I said. Here was a prize of $50,000, (they think we are I was talking full speed. It is amazing how well all rich; they made a mistake) and they didn't you can talk Chinese when you have to! I tried want to lose me. to delay the game long enough for my friends to gather around to take my part. I tried to get my The man protested for two hours and finally, passport, but they wouldn't let me loose to go prevailed. They put four men on the boat and sent word to the main body of bandits down beafter it. low not to shoot us when we went by. In about three minutes-I thought it was three Again I found that the way of love works. weeks-along came a farmer. I didn't recognize him then, but I found afterwards that I had once Three Months in Captivity operated on a boil on his neck. That apparently incurred the man's favor. He heard me protest- Another experience that proved this was when ing, "I am not an Englishman; I am an Ameri- I was in captivity last year, under the hands of can." He had never been ten miles away from the most cruel, vicious man I ever saw. Every home in his life and had no idea what an Ameri- country has good men and women and every councan was, but he knew I was trying to convince try has bad men and women. This was a terrible these people so he swore that I was an American. man. He was ignorant and uneducated; but a man who can hold out as the head of a band of He got down on his knees and hit his head on eight or nine thousand bandits has force of charthe rocks until the blood ran out. One man acter. grabbed him by the back of his coat and another pricked him with his bayonet. They hit him with He captured our city in 1930 and was there the butts of their guns. I thought they were go- for three months. As long as he was allowed to ing to kill him then and there. He delayed the get money from the taxes he would do it with the game long enough for others to come and take my pretense of legality. I attended to my business part. Finally the magistrate told them to let me and took care of them and didn't make any effort go and they apologized. to escape, so they left me alone.

One little touch of kindness, such as that farmer This bandit chief got a bad Gase of conjuctivitis. had experienced in the hospital, works wonders. He took Chinese medicine and got worse. Then he came to me, and I was able to clear it up. That About three years ago I was going down the put him under some obligation. river with another doctor who was very ill. He had to go down the river where he could get better When the fighting in the North was finished, care or he was sure to die. There was great risk and the National Army started to send good troops on the river from bandits. The second day out back to the South, we knew we were headed for we ran into the bandits-40 or 50 of them. I trouble. About that time I came down with the thought, "If they take me on the hill, it is all right. forty-sixth attack of malignant malaria. It was I am young and perhaps can talk them out of it, the worst. I couldn't develop resistance to it. One but if they take old Dr. Bliss, he will die in one attack came on when I was especially busy. After night from midwinter exposure." Luckily among a night of delirium, I was clear in the morning the bandits I saw a fellow I recognized as having and said to the little nurse, the daughter of Mrs. been in the hospital as a patient. Nobody likes to Chao, a graduate of a Methodist hospital in Pekbe known as a bandit and many of them will go ing, and the finest nurse I ever worked with, "I to the hospital some time during the year to get know how people feel who have been caught out cleaned up and be a good citizen for a while. This in the snowstorm and want to lie down and die." man had been a good friend of mine as far as I knew, when he was in the hospital. Now he began That little nurse came to me with the tears pourto edge off, for he was ashamed to let me see him ing down her face. She knew what we were up there. I walked up to him and said, "My, I am against, for she had seen people die of malignant glad I ran into you! The old doctor is very ill malaria. and must go down the river. I was nervous about things for I heard there were bandits and was I told her to go to her uncle, who runs a mediafraid we might run into some." cine shop and had been given some of our good quinine, and to get enough for injections to last "That is right," he said, "there are bandits down eight or nine days. If she could not get it there here. You ought not to go down the river." she was to send a telegram to the folks in Foo- chow, and to persuade the postal authorities to "Can't you do something to help m~?" I asked. allow some to be sent up by carrier, because the parcel post service had been suspended. That was

the last I knew for four days. She got the qui- a Christian ought to act, I am not afraid of the nine. For eleven days I wasn't able to swallow consequences.

a thing-that nurse had to give me nourishment 5. The way of love works, yes, but the way of by other means. love is the way of the Cross. It can't stop short of When I began to take a little nourishment a the cross. When you live alone for two years and Swiss Catholic priest was brought in. He lived get under your mosquito net at dark so you won't in a neighboring district and had become very ill. die of malaria, you have a lot of time to think.

There we were, two sick foreigners, twelve days' This idea haunts me in the middle of the night.

journey from the next white man! I had to do the It is fundamental. It is the whole foundation of best I could for him. But he had multiple abscess the program of Christ.

of the liver and was so far gone I was sure he Jesus preached as never man can preach, so we couldn't get well. I went to him day by day in a preach as best we can. He taught; so have we chair until I couldn't go any more. Then he died taught. He healed in ways we haven't been able and I came pretty near going with him. That to duplicate; so have we healed. He lived his win- little nurse never wavered. some life among the people. He loved them with When I began to pick up strength word came His glorious love. He shared his magnificent per- the soldiers were being sent down to take the dis- sonality with them. But all that was not enough.

trict and this bandit group would be cleaned up. We seem to assume that if we just keep on teach- They would take me and hold me for ransom, be- ing and healing and preaching long enough and cause they needed a doctor. Worse. than that, living and loving and sharing long enough, the they would take my little nurse who is the best Kingdom will come. We have been at it for 1900 trained and most attractive girl in the whole dis- years, and it hasn't come yet. I cannot avoid the trict. She would have a fate far worse than that haunting conviction that we will be at it for 19,000 of a concubine. years more on that basis. If Jesus Christ, my That was at Christmas time a year ago. This Lord and yours, with the winsomeness of the Son New Year's Eve I sat and watched a party of gay of God, was not able to break down the intractable Americans in a hotel, and I thought of the year human hearts by preaching and healing and lov- ago New Year's Eve. I thought, "Is it possible ing and sharing, then you will never be able and I that people are living here in this way, and at the will never be able to do it by that method.

same time, over in China, on the same earth, two I am dead sure now that there is no other way such utterly different situations can exist?" for the Kingdom of God to come, except the way The day before the last New Year a secretary of the Cross-the way of death.

from headquarters said: "Doctor, we are going Does that mean physical death? No. Don't be to leave and they are going to take you and the afraid of that. It will mean death for a handful, nurse, and will loot the city tonight." but that is relatively easy; I can bear testimony.

I knew what would happen to me in two days But the way of the Cross means that those of you of exposure in the middle of the winter. who may become rich will deliberately remain But at seven o'clock, last New Year's Eve, Lu poor for the sake of the Kingdom; those who can Ching Me, the leader himself, came into my dis- go out and write your names across the headlines pensary and said: "Dr. Judd, we are leaving to- of the country will deliberately choose to remain night, and I was going to take you along, but I am obscure for the sake of the Kingdom; that those not going to do it. You have taken care of us in who could surround themselves with luxuries will the hospital here, and I know you are not getting deliberately choose to work like servants for the any money out of it. I don't know why you do it. sake of the Kingdom. Christ told us about a man If you had to live the way we will live in the hills who had a lot of pearls, all fine pearls, but when in the middle of the winter, you wouldn't live long. he saw a pearl of great price, for joy he sold all Hence I am not going to take you. How much do his own pearls that he might get the Pearl of we owe the hospital?" That was the first time Great Price. He concentrated on the pearl of one of that type of person had ever offered to pay great price and forgot about the other pearls.

us anything. He paid the hospital $170 and went That is what the Cross is. "He who loses his life out and in the middle of the night, when the shops for my sake and the Gospel," said Jesus, "finds it."

were all closed so they couldn't loot and he could The way of the Cross works. But it is the way of control his own men, he left the city without tak- love that is the way of the Cross.

ing a man or a woman. The way of love works! 6. Finally, I bear my final testimony. When Don't misunderstand me. My religion is not I went to China, I had in my heart this pledge of just a charm to me to keep me safe. I may get Christ: .

picked off the second day I return to China, but I "Lo, I am with you always, even unto the end of will never have another worry, because if I act as the world."

That, too, is true. I was afraid that it might It is true. The way of love, the way of the not work, but it is true. Cross, works. I can't explain it. I can't explain Jesus Christ wants to give us abundant life, and how the food I eat is distributed. Some of it be- we insist on keeping less than abundant life. He comes brain, some blood, some bone. There is no wants to give us gold, and we cling to brass. He chemist in the world who knows all that in de- wants to give us heavenly visions, and we won't tail. If there were he would be the greatest chem- take our eyes off the muck heap. ist the world has ever known. But I haven't Morning after morning, during the hard days stopped eating just because I can't explain it all.

last year, when I was in captivity, and the Reds I cannot explain how the way· of the Cross and Communists were only about a half day's works. It is not in the realm of logical proof. journey distant, during the night nobody took off It is in the realm of demonstration, and it works. his clothes, as the Communists practically always move about at night. During those months, I As I was leaving China last spring, I waited and woke up every morning and prayed this simple waited, hoping somebody would come and take my prayer. It, too, works. I was supported by this place. When the malaria season began again, the prayer just as my bed supported my body. The first of May, I promised my board I would come sense of God's presence held me steady, gave me out, for I was sure it was the right thing to do. confidence and assurance. My people pled with me and said: "You have been so sick, you can't stay here. We know it is terrible. o Master, let me walk with Thee Some of our children will die, but you must go."

In lowly paths of service free; When I pulled out on the first day of May there Tell me Thy secret; help me bear were about four hundred people on the river The strain of toil, the fret of care. banks. I looked at the little youngsters, and thought some of them would die before I returned. You had to go, Christ. They came into your Some of them have died because I was not there. clinic and they touched the hem of your garment. But it seemed I must leave. After all, it was no Something happened to Christ. He will be with worse for them to lose their doctor on the first of me here today. Here is a tooth to pull; there a May by my leaving, than to lose him on the first baby with its abdomen full of worms.

Help me the slow .of heart to move of September by my death. I might be of some By some clear, winning word of love; use if I got over the malaria. .

The word of Thy love is all I have–just a touch. These four hundred friends came, many of them Teach me the wayward feet to stay traveling down through the bandits. Two of them And guide them in the homeward way, were killed and six were wounded in our party.

Help me to stay the wayward feet-including Others have died in the path of duty and love, and my own. here I am well. That ought to make a better man out of me. Teach me Thy patience- The way of love works, but it is the way of the o Christ, I want results. I demand results Cross. We just can't stop short of the Cross. But let no man hesitate. quickly. I want to see the thing done in a hurry. I am not lying to you, my friends. If I told you Teach me Thy patience; still with Thee something I didn't believe with all my heart, or In closer, dearer company; In work that keeps faith sweet and strong, Plain, good, hard work that gives an outlet to that I hadn't demonstrated to be true, I would my tension. be the most despicable cur. Lying! Before God, I am not lying. It works. The way of the Cross In trust that triumphs over wrong; holds. It is not loyalty to an abstract principle, but loyalty to a living Christ who walks with us. Yes, trust, confident, unswerving trust, that triumphs over all wrong.

In hope that sends a shining ray Lo, I am with you always, Far down the future's broadening way; Even unto the end of the world.

If it weren't for hope I would jump into the It is true. Do not be afraid. This is the best Yangtze. China has no hope, except in Christ. thing I know. Any human program is doomed to failure. The realization of hope may not come in my lifetime, Laid on Thy altar, 0 my Lord Divine, but it must come. Accept this gift today for Jesus' sake. I have no jewels to adorn my shrine, In peace that only Thou canst give, No far-famed sacrifice to make With Thee, 0 Master, let me live. But· here within this trembling hand I bring This will of mine, a thing that seemeth small, I cannot see tomorrow, but this day I can live But Thou alone, 0 Lord, doest understand; in peace for I can live with Thee. I yield you this, I yield mine all.

Men Really Need Christ?

By REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D. D., New York Author of "Changing Foreign Missions"; Secretary of the Board 11=·' of Foreign Missions, and/ormer Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T HE Christian missionary enterprise is essen- pathy for the world's s.orrow and unselfish search for the. tially a religious movement. Tremendous in social implications, its primary motive is not way of escape, which are at the heart of Buddhism; th~ social. Great in international significance, its essential ideal is not internationalism. Rich in in- desire for contact with Ultimate Reality conceived as spirtellectual and educational values, they are not its root values. It moves in the field of religion, both itual, which is prominent in Hinduism; the belief in a in motivation and objectives. moral order of the universe and consequent insistence· on This does not mean that it sets out to re-enforce existing religions, to revitalize and stimulate them, moral conduct, which are inculcated by Confucianism; the though naturally it welcomes all real worth in any religion. It has much in common with all relig- disinterested pursuit of truth and of human welfare which ions, counting them evidences of God's constant witness to Himself, but it does not hope for human are often found in those who stand for secular civilization redemption nor for individual power through but do not accept Christ as their Lord and Saviour. . them. An impressive section of the Message of the Here is no complacent acceptance. of all relig- ions as having equal value, yet it is difficult for Jerusalem Conference deals with just this subject. some earnest Christians to accept even this much Fear had .been expressed that the preparatory recognition of systems of which they have always effort to appraise the non-Christian faiths more thought adversely. fully and more favorably might nullify Christian missions. It would be difficult to find, even in their The preliminary question which now agitates own literature, better summaries of the inner many circles in all lands is whether religion in teachings and counsels of the ethnic faiths than any form is valid and essential, as the very existare given in the Report of that Jerusalem meeting. ence of the missionary enterprise demands. Sup- But the Report strikes no doubtful or hesitant porters of missions probably do not fall away benote regarding the uniqueness and necessity of the cause of the question, but it often diverts added Christian faith. Its note is the more definite be- supporters. cause it is sounded in full hearing of the notes of the ethnic religions. One striking passage is in A wrong answer here would undercut the whole the section which makes "the appeal to non- missionary movement. No effective "drive" can Christians" : carryon so difficult an enterprise without the re- ligious impulse, the only unselfish motive. Indeed, We rejoice to think that just because in Jesus Christ in the interweaving of world interests, it is inthe light that lighteneth every man shone forth in its full creasingly difficult to maintain this unselfish elesplendor, we find rays of that same light where He is un- ment. We hear missionary arguments based on known or even is rejected. We welcome every noble qual- the safety of the sending nations: the West must ity in non-Christian persons or systems as further proof that the Father, who sent His Son into the world, has Christianize the East or be itself submerged; the nowhere left Himself without witness. "Christian" nations must evangelize the other Thus, merely to give illustration, and making no attempt nations or find themselves outfought and outto estimate the spiritual value of other religions to their traded and outschemed. So the missionary moveadherents, we recognize as part of the one Truth that sense of the Majesty of God and the consequent reverence ment becomes a program of self-preservation. We in worship, which are conspicuous in Islam; the deep sym- discuss how the Church can save itself and find part of the answer in carrying on an aggressive missionary program.

This barely escapes the curse of using religion for selfish ends. So great an enterprise cannot be carried on by any such motives, for they are not really religious motives at all. There is no hope for the future except in the continuance and ex- [79]

tension of the purely religious impulse of bringing human race is one and the world is one. There men into intelligent relation to God in Christ, will be different ways of expressing the one with all the consequent values involved in that system of truth, but the truth itself will be the purpose. Here, as in everything that Christ same. In all these lines there are now varying touches, any program of saving one's life is a step systems, but hope does not lie in some skill which toward losing it, and it is not until a man or a will form an eclectic system, combining the vir- church or a nation thinks in terms of losing life tues of all and excluding the errors of each. Some for the sake of spiritual values in other lives that fundamental principle is discovered in each realm life itself can be secured. and that principle is carried to all the world.

Herein lies the serious danger of current pleas Everybody knows that the chemistry discovered to "save religion" or to "prevent the decay of and learned in America will work out in China religion." If religion needs saving it is because and Africa. Biology, good in Cambridge, is good we who profess it do not give it power and place also in Calcutta.

in our own lives. It is the purpose of religion to This is paralleled in religion. There are forms save men, not to be saved by them. Proposals that of religion everywhere. But when a great prin- all religions join in a kind of defensive warfare, ciple of religion is asserted, the test of its truth each forgetting its differences from others in the is in the fact that it is good everywhere. When final desperate effort to keep from being extin- a religion does not seek to become universal, it guished, tend to weaken the cause of each faith. raises the question whether it is really true at all.

Christianity cannot make common cause with all It is not humility which prevents adherents of a the other faiths of the world in trying to save religion from trying to give it to all men; it is something from "the wreck of religion." Nothing lurking doubt whether it is really essential and effective nor helpful can be done about an un- valid everywhere. Imagine a scholar of chemistry named and undescribed "religion" in general declining to favor the teaching of his discoveries which is no one religion in particular. The ques- in other lands because those lands already had tion whether "religion" is valid and effective is ideas of their own about nature and he could not best answered by considering whether the Chris- be sure that what he had found true in his labora- tian religion is valid and effective. For the mis- tory in Germany would be true in Ceylon! Some sionary enterprise the issue is not whether or not think it tolerance to say, "Of course we count our humanity needs some form of religion, but whether religion best for us, but may not the people of mankind really needs and can be given the Chris- other lands do better with other forms of re- tian religion. The fact that it brings to men values ligion?" This is not "tolerance" nor "broadmind- which may have existed in their earlier experi- edness"; it is mere lack of conviction. We would ences of religion is part of the argument, but if it not say it in any other realm of fact. We might does no more it is not worthy of the sacrifice and say it in matters of taste or convenience, as in cost of the missionary effort. forms of art or of government; we could not say We shall never carryon the Christian move- it in matters of fact.

ment (a) on the basis of a general conviction that It all hinges on our conviction that there· are it is better to have religion than not, nor (b) on elements in the Christian faith which are not in the feeling that on the whole and at certain points other forms of religion, no matter how worthy Christianity is better than other religions, nor those forms may be, and that these elements are (c) with the attitude that we are all out to learn essential to a sound religious life for men. The from each other and to correct the errors we have Christian religion is so rich in content that listing all made in organizing our various religious sys- its essential elements is always dangerous. (a) At tems, nor (d) with the hope that some day we least it can be said that nowhere else do men learn may strike a really satisfactory religion by gather- such truth about God as a holy, loving Father, ing the good elements out of all these systems. triune, personal, redemptive, as they learn in the The Christian missionary enterprise is moti- Christian faith, a truth which changes the whole vated by an assurance of the essential and valid outlook of life. (b) Nowhere do men find Jesus nature of the Christian faith, its suitability to all Christ but in that faith of which He is the center men everywhere, and its effectiveness in doing and circumference. The Jerusalem Message says: what humanity needs under all conditions of spir- "Our message is Jesus Christ." Christ and His ituallife. redemptive grace, His atoning death, His resur- If the question arises whether anyone religion rection, His abiding promise of the Kingdom, are can serve all men, in view of their wide variety, not found elsewhere. If we believe that pardon the reply is clear. There can be one chemistry, and peace and power are found in Him we cannot one physics, one mathematical system, because the fail to see that all men need them precisely as we

DO MEN REALLY NEED CHRIST?

do ourselves. (c) The living and loving Holy the world by no agency but the religion which Spirit works when and where and how He will, Christ inspired and maintains. but it is when He takes the things of Christ and shows them unto men that they come to know Him In short, if anyone needs Christ and His rebest and to rest most truly upon Him. Nowhere ligion, everyone needs Him, for He does not make else do men learn Him as in the faith of Christ. His appeal to any peculiarity, but to essential (d) Nor do men anywhere else receive such power humanity, a humanity shared in common by all to obey the mandates of a high and true ethics for men. It is no arrogance for a man to bring the personal and social life. The inner principle of religion which has blessed him to his fellows love to God and to one's neighbor, the use of life everywhere. What else would he do? Is his own in service, not for merit or reward, but for love sense of appreciation to be measured by the depth of Christ and one's fellow men, is spread through of his desire that other men shall share with him in the good he has received?

Doctoring Pagans of the Sudan* By KENNETH G. FRASER, F. R. G. S. IF·· T WENTY-FIVE years ago, in response to an today without being impressed with the very appeal from Lord Cromer, the Church Mis- great changes which the message of the Cross has sionary Society began work among the nu- produced in their life and character. merous pagan tribes inhabiting the two southern provinces of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. An important feature of the missionary effort in every station is its medical work, and when I The forces of the Mahdi, like a withering blight, first arrived in the Sudan, eleven years ago, I was had a few years previously passed over the coun- impressed with the tremendous amount of fine try. They bad borne their share of the general medical work which our missionary clergy were havoc, which in little more than a decade had doing. In those days the physical suffering was reduced the population of the Anglo-Egyptian appalling, but no sufferer ever appealed to our Sudan from eight millions to two millions. Roads missionaries in vain. Even today the non-medical scarcely existed when, in 1905, the Society's first missionary contemplating coming to Africa will batch of six men, under the leadership of L. H. come twice armed if he, or she, bas taken the Gwynne, now Bishop of Egypt, landed on the right trouble to acquire even an elementary training in bank of the White Nile, south of the Sudd area. the "relief of pain." Nearly twenty different languages, spoken by as many different tribes, had to be formulated in Few tasks can have greater thrills for a doctor writing, and then taught to the people in the than to be the first to arrive in the midst of a written form, before much serious headway could strange pagan community, with a plentiful supply be made, for the illiterate pagan soon forgets–or, of drugs and hospital requisites, but with no worse still, distorts even the simplest truths. knowledge of the language, and with notbing bet- ter than a tumble-down native hut to live in. Today there are nine important mission stations scattered about over the larger portion of those The hut in this case being small and not clean, two provinces. One is a school for the higher was used only for dressing. We lived and worked training of evangelists, teachers and government in the open before a crowd of wondering natives employees. Four other stations have an ever- who kept coming from far and near to see us and spreading network of bush schools, and most of who observed our every movement as children the people coming forward for Christian instruc- watch the movements of some strange creature at tion first hear the Gospel message in these bush the Zoo. schools. For days, mysterious-looking boxes kept arriv- No one could visit these very primitive tribes ing on men's heads from the river port, 127 miles away. These contained our household belongings, • Condensed from The Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society food and hospital supplies. After a few days a Quarterly. woman was brought in, terribly mauled by a lion.

It happened near the spot in the bush where we only relieves but prevents an incredible amount of had dum,ped our things and which was to become physical suffering. Unfortunately, however, more our station. She was alone in a hut with her six- than half the suffering which is the lot of every months-old baby. The lion burst open the door African pagan is not physical but mental; it lies and seized the mother, who, with fine maternal beyond the reach of either drug or knife.

instinct, rolled over on her child to protect it. The Marshal Lyautey, that French Cromer, has said lion dragged her to the door and before he could that throughout the whole of his career in Africa get her through her screams had brought two he has always regarded the doctor as the pioneer men with burning logs of wood (no lion will face of civilization, and with this most Mrican admin- that) to the rescue. They found her still covering istrators will readily agree. It must be remem- the child with her own body and brought her to us. bered, however, that medicine and surgery, how- She was the first Moru patient to receive chloro- ever up-to-date, are by themselves powerless, as is form. Crowds gathered round the table, and I was secular education, to change the heart of man, and thankful we were in the open air. That I had not a civilization that leaves human nature unchanged killed her did not, of course, occur to any of them, may be disastrous for Mrica. Hence the impera- and great w:as their consternation when later in tive need in these days of keeping evangelism at the day she was able to talk to them and assure the very center of all our missionary effort, them that she had felt no pain, and that she had whether medical, educational or industrial.

no recollection of my having hurt her on the table. In stations where this need is not emphasized, They smote their thighs and exclaimed, Manok- the missionary has surrendered any claim to supe- w()i, ono toM which I know now means "Well, I riority which his work may have over similar never; this beats me!" It was our first major work carried on by non-missionary agents.

operation under chloroform. As I couldn't attend What gives our dispensary system its real and to both ends of the patient at the same time, I lasting value, as a means of creating a new Africa, needed someone to give the anesthetic. Yilu, the is the fact that side by side with each dispensary local chief, looked the most intelligent man in the is a church school. It is a large building, seating crowd, so I engaged him to do the job for me, and three to four hundred people. During week days he did so with satisfaction for about one and a it is used as a mission school and on Sundays as a half years. He then had an accident, and the case church. died from an overdose, whereupon he completely lost his nerve and resigned the post. Fortunately, The old scholars, in batches of five, help in rotathe patient was only a young monkey, which was tion for one week in the dispensary, thus learning brought to me for a minor operation. the meaning of service as well as much elementary but useful medical work. It eases the burden of In a country with a population of only six to the dispensary workers and enables them to lend the square mile (England has 650) it is obviously a hand in school. impossible for more than a small proportion of Much depends on the witness of the older Christhose who could be cured in a hospital ever to reach tian boys in charge of these centers. Each Sunday there, because the distances are so enormous. they have to preach to crowds of from three to Every village has its own tragic tale of suffering, seven hundred people, and it is from their lips but when it comes to carrying a patient fifty to that the people first hear of Him. "Who died etersixty miles to the Central Hospital, he is often nallife to bring, and lives that death may die." just left to die, or perhaps brought in when it is Each teacher has the moulding of the charactoo late to save life. ters of some forty or fifty school boys and the Thus it was that early this year we opened up . preparing of all enquirers. seven district dispensaries and put our best At the end of the month we try to get the trained Christian boys in charge. native leaders from each of the centers into the They are all well stocked with the usual routine Central Station for a quiet week-end. When saydrugs and dressings. The hospital lorry visits ing good-bye to them on Monday morning, as they each dispensary every ten days or so to replenish return to their work, I realize how much they drugs, etc., and bring serious cases to the hospital. stand in need of prayer. The moment they get The people are overjoyed and each of the chiefs back to their stations they are beset with counthas gladly undertaken to keep his own dispensary less temptations, and if anyone class in Mrica buildings in repair. has a greater claim than another on the prayers This year it is hoped to further extend our bor- of God's people, it is the young African bush ders along these lines, as soon as suitably trained school teacher or dispenser, just emerged from boys become available. paganism and seeking to witness for Christ in his This sort of work is most gratifying, for it not own district or village.

Miracles at

.• =4: By IRENE MASON HARPER Moga, Panjab, India T ALKING with a village preacher who is pro- the school buildings to earn his own way to claiming the Gospel of Christ to the outcastes "education." of a village in the Moga District about a year Seven years later, at a starlight service, under ago, I asked him to recall some of his significant the great trees of Moga School, this boy faced a memories. In simple but colorful Panjabi lan- new crisis. The man spoke lovingly of Ray Har- guage he painted for me picture after picture of rison Carter, who conceived the idea of the Moga the Christward movement in Indian villages. Training School, struggled and sacrificed to found First I saw a boy of twelve, physically strong it, and lived with those first boys, sharing their and healthy, able to work for his own support, deepest experiences. At this evening service Mr.

sitting at the edge of a field Carter made an appeal to his and watching the grazing cat- Moga is achieving the impossible. older students to give their tIe for whom he is caretaker. At this fascinating mission school lives in sacrificial service to In the distance he hears the outcaste village boys, who have the outcaste village people.

clamor of school boys at their been considered untouchable and What a request to the boy who play on the outskirts of the unteachable, are learning to become had struggled so hard to lift village. This lad's head is leaders and teachers of their own himself out of that class into bowed upon his knees. Stolid, people. They are taught by the which he had been born! Was modern project method which has you say, asleep, indifferent, or made the school famous throughout he, who had so miraculously stupid? This would be nat- India. Rev. and Mrs. Arthur E. been given a chance to leave ural for an outcaste boy of Harper, missionaries of the Ameri- behind that old life, now to go ignorant, degraded origin. No! can Presbyterian Church, are in back to it? The struggle was charge of the work, and here Mrs.

In that boy's heart is rising a Harper tells the remarkable story quiet, but none the less real.

cry so bitter, so sharp that, of how these villagers are trained The village preacher told me after nearly twenty years, this to think and to live, and to serve that he thought his experience man spoke the very words to others 8S true Christians. was a common one among me with trembling lips: "0 Moga boys. With Christ's help God, 0 God, why did you cause me to be born?" he decided to accept the challenge, as the majority I asked my friend if he thought it was common of Moga graduates have decided to do, and today for children of the outcastes thus to resent their he is the head of a Christian village home, shep- lot. "Yes," he said, and gave the reasons with herding village Christians and carrying the mes- which all who know the caste system in India are sage of Christ, by his sincere life and simple familiar. He then told me how the idea was born speech, to the outcastes in the surrounding vil- in him that if he could only "get learning" he lages.

could be lifted out of his low condition. The Moga Training School for Village Teachers The next picture he described showed me a is conducted by the American Presbyterian Mis- group of tents pitched on the edge of the village. sion. This school has just celebrated its twentieth The usual group of village children are crowding anniversary and has inaugurated the Ray Harri- round, peeping through the flaps. Among them is son Carter Memorial Fund in honor of that far- one who pushes in, with a humble, trembling seeing, devoted missionary who literally gave his salaam. At the kind voice of the missionary the life that Moga and its ideals might live.

boy speaks his desire: "I want reading." An Urdu Moga is a boarding school, with kindergarten, Primer is produced, and the missionary sits down primary and middle classes (through the eighth to give the boy his first reading lesson. A few grade) and a normal course for training teachers.

days later that boy is entered as a pupil at the At present it has an enrollment of 192, mainly new mission boarding school at Moga. He is set Christian boys from the villages. A few non- to work in the wheat fields and at coolie labor on Christian applicants are admitted, but the school [83]

is already crowded beyond capacity and many are Moga is, in essence, a Christian school which necessarily turned away. There is no reason, ex- seeks to make its methods of teaching thoroughly cept lack of room, why boys of all castes should Christian. It challenges the common notion of not have the privileges of this school; but its first teaching as merely imparting information, and duty is to the poor and underprivileged. There is substitutes the ideal of guiding the growth of no area of life in India which more needs Christ individuals in their personal life and social relathan does the village, and Moga's main purpose is tions. It strives to follow Christ in His emphasis to prepare Christian leaders for the villages. In on the supreme worth of the individual, the vital importance of freedom, and the call to active service. Moga believes that in the technical de- tails of education, such as selecting the subject matter and determining the methods of teaching, some ways are more effectively Christian than other ways. That is why Moga is interested in modern methods.

Learning by Doing TEACHING VILLAGE INDUSTRIES AT MOGA Moga boys learn, not by memorizing text-books and precepts of conduct, but by active experience. this it has been more successful than most mission Here is a class, for instance – the Sixth Grade boarding schools. Of 138 recent graduates (1926- several years ago – which chose for their central 1930) of the Normal Training Class, 119, or more interest a study of the Government Hospital in than 85 per cent, are known to be in positions of the town a mile distant. They made several visits leadership in villages. and reported on various aspects of the work of the hospitals, the plans of buildings and grounds, Modern Methods of Training costs, drugs used, duties of staff, etc. The class then decided to open a daily dispensary in their A distinguished visitor wrote in the Moga School own classroom, to give simple remedies and aid to log book: "A privilege to see this school in which fellow pupils and other people on the compound. teaching is an art and learning a pleasure." The They borrowed some furniture, made other, earned modern methods at Moga are methods of joyful, and collected money to buy drugs, studied the useful, Christian living. The average school is sources of drugs, estimated the cost of running very different. In most schools in India, it would their dispensary, learned careful weighing of be fair to say that learning is a dull business for small quantities, labelled the bottles, made signs the children. Boys and girls con their compulsory and charts and notices and record books. The dislessons with little interest beyond their docile wish pensary was open every day, the first half hour of to please the teacher. Text-books and teacher's school, and was well patronized. The boys served methods take little account of the natural interests in turn by pairs, opening with prayer, and inof the pupils, nor of their daily life needs. The structing as well as treating the patients. Much traditional subject matter is, to the teachers as of the subject matter required in the government well as pupils, like the laws of the Medes and the curriculum for this year was needed in this project Persians. Learning is practically synonymous besides a large amount of additional hygiene and with memorizing, and memorizing is for the tem- practical knowledge. The boys studied it all with porary purpose of gaining promotion or passing a the greatest keenness and interest. government examination. Covering the required course of formal lessons is the accepted aim of To another class, in the daily period devoted to most of the teachers. The idea of working for Bible study, was proposed the problem, "If you growth of the pupils in character and effective could tell ten, and only ten, Bible stories to a living has apparently not occurred to them, or if group of boys of your own age (twelve to fifteen they give lip service to the ideal of Christian years) what ten would you choose?" These boys character building, it is not a controlling objective worked about three months on that lead. They of their methods and management. searched the Scriptures from cover to cover, and many a lively debate was held. They thought ear- nestly on the needs of village boys, their natural interests, and the spiritual values of many Old and New Testament stories. They finally chose ten stories from the Gospels. They made a poster for each story, with original drawings and a pertinent

MODERN MIRACLES AT MOGA

text inscribed thereon in their most decorative this class in discussing the fears of village people. Urdu script. These pictures were used by some of These little fellows had sad knowledge of the these boys in telling Bible stories in the villages. many superstitions which terrorize the dwellers This is a sample of the way the pupils naturally in these mud huts. One bright lad suggested the desire to share in witnessing for Christ in the Twenty-third Psalm as ,a good antidote to fear. He villages. They are learning to do this, not through said that he liked to say it to himself in the dark. compulsion or precept, but through purposeful The class took up the. idea and decided to illustrate experience. their beloved Shepherd Psalm on a large piece of cardboard which could be shown to village folk From Real Life who need comfort and the new teaching as to the love and care of God. For the resulting colored As learning by doing is the principle which con- poster, in illuminated Urdu script with original trols the method of teaching, so relatedness to life illustrations, the children nearly used up their one is the principle controlling the selection of what box of water colors (from the Woolworth stores is to be learned. The learning of Moga boys is not in America) which must be made to do for the formal information, divided into dry "subjects of class for a whole year! study," but is vitally related to their own lives and environment. Last year the Second Grade built in One class, after completing their house, desired the school yard what they called their "Ocean to hold a dedication service. They prepared invi- Project." A water-shed and a river system, con- tations which were presented to the primary nected by canals with their own home villages, classes, the teachers and missionaries, and a group poured into the great sea. Little boys, 800 miles of visitors who happened to be inspecting the remote from the nearest ocean port, packed tiny school. These latter were non-Christian guests, barges with bundles of cotton and wee bags of who were much impressed with the natural manwheat, and followed their village products out into ner in which the boys conducted a religious service the wide world. Boats and lighthouses, and even planned entirely by themselves. The completed submarines, built themselves into the picture, and house was decorated with appropriate Bible verses horizons widened for these children of narrow, -among these "Except the Lord build the house, underprivileged homes. Even as the little folk of they labor in vain that build it." One of the pupils your fortunate American schools, they learned of prayed very simply and sincerely for God's bless- "the great, wide, wonderful world, with the won- ing on their work. derful waters around you curled." . About a year ago the Seventh Grade chose for The close relationship of the curriculum to life their "project" the planning of a Model Village. is apparent to anyone who notes the activities which the various classes choose to carryon. All A PROJECT FOR BOYS-BUILDING A VILLAGE HOUSE of the class enterprises are not derived from the village environment, for we try to encourage the They considered all the needs of the villagersbroader, cultural interests as well as the practical economic, social, spiritual-and planned how these experiences. Nevertheless, a large part of the needs could be met in the spirit of Christ. Pracstudies which occupy Moga boys are related to tical plans for village sanitation, for the education rural interests. In the First Grade, for instance, of girls as well as boys, for the overcoming of the boys usually choose to build a house in their poverty and debt, were considered. They made a classroom. Like their own village homes, it is a clay model of an improved village house and one-room mud hut. In planning and measuring exhibited this at a Rural Uplift Mela, a sort of their house, they learn considerable arithmetic, writing and drawing. They make and count hundreds of sun-dried bricks; they read stories about the house and the people and animals who belong to it. More important lessons they learn from this educational mud-pie play, for the question of windows arises, and the unsanitary, windowless village home is condemned as the boys' knowledge of health grows. Clay figures are made to inhabit the house, and the conversation is led to the proper care of animals or to the problems of right relationships in the home. Often the Bible lessons present Christian ideals of home life. One year, several weeks of the Bible period were spent in

county fair, in the market town of Moga. Here trips to villages at least once a week, on Sundays they explained to visitors the details and distrib- and sometimes oftener, and hold Christian servuted a leaflet prepared by themselves, giving esti- ices. Sometimes lectures are given or dramas for health education, etc. What is needed is more conmates of cost and the kind of houses advocated. tinuity in their efforts, more actual practice in Through experiences like these, Moga boys are meeting human needs. For this we hope to have a Moga-on-Wheels, a well-equipped demonstration preparing to enter helpfully into the life of the truck, in which four students, with teaching mavillage. All the older classes share also in definite terials, a small library, simple remedies, samples of seeds and improved agricultural implements, a lantern with colored Bible pictures, etc., can travel to a remote village and live there for a week at a time to carry on practical Christian work. With such a truck, the Normal Class would be able to influence greatly all that region, and would be more effectively trained in meeting the problems they will actually have to face when they graduate.

PRACTICE TEACHING WITH THE VILLAGE TRAINING CLASS Influence of Moga evangelistic work in nearby villages. Every Sun- That education should be closely related to enday, groups of boys, under the leadership of teach- vironment and should give practical preparation ers, visit villages within a three-mile radius to for life may seem axiomatic to some readers. But conduct Christian services. these principles have had very narrow application in Indian education. In the field of rural education Training Workers for the Villages the experiment at Moga has attracted much atten- tion and has had a wide influence not only on the In the Normal Class these experiences are gath- schools conducted by missions but on Indian eduered up into a definite course of training for rural cators as well. The following comments by Indian workers. Only thirty-five young men can be ad- visitors, who are in positions of control in public mitted to this class, although last year eighty- education, show appreciation of some of the ideals three filed applications with complete credentials. of this Christian school: The school dormitories are very inadequate, and these thirty-five occupy quarters that would be "The school is not merely a school; it is a traincrowded for thirty. In spite of primitive living ing center, an agricultural farm, a workshop, a conditions, hard work and poverty, many more home, and so many other things combined. The beg for this training than can receive it. The one- institution teaches self-help, self-dependence and year course also is woefully inadequate. In that self-reliance, and gives a thoroughly practical year they learn methods of teaching and manag- turn of mind to its students. I congratulate the ing primary schools and have a fair amount of missionary society and its workers on the new practice teaching under controlled conditions. They ideas and new ideals which they have placed bediscuss the. improvement of village sanitation, fore the people of thiS' country," wrote the Minissocial and economic conditions in the village, and learn something of methods of adult education. ter of Education of the Panjah.* But it is possible in one year to give them only very little actual practice in ministering to the "I feel that we need more schools of this kind needs of village people. and I am grateful for the work which the pro- moters are doing for my country," was the testi- What is desperately needed for Moga Training mony of Sir Jogindra Singh.t School is another dormitory and another teacher to make possible two years of training. We have It is clear, from these and many other comments a plan for making this training intensely practi- of visitors, that patriotic Indians see in the Moga cal. We hope to apply the principle of learning by experiment principles that should more largely doing, to the teaching of village uplift. This is control Indian education. done to some extent now, for these students make Character Building Through Experience Moga is not satisfied with merely promoting the practical trend in education. It is concerned with the growth of Christian character, and that in- volves far more than preparation to earn a liveli- *A Hindu.

t A Sikh.

hood. The teachers believe that their God-given than teacher-guided student-discipline. Didactic task is to guide the development of individuals methods in the classroom sometimes produce a who will find their highest happiness in serving better apparent result than pupil-purposing and others. The fullest opportunity must be given for pupil-activity methods. These new ways are often the growth of each pupil. Such is not the effect, perplexing, sometimes discouraging; but so are in India, of traditional methods of teaching. This. all Christ's principles when we actually try to put is the reason why Moga has definitely challenged them into practice. The Kingdom which Christ the stereotyped, formal methods of instruction proclaimed is a "new" thing. When His teachings and demonstrated methods which are, in India, and His spirit rule in the content and method of new and revolutionary. In every classroom and education, we shall have "new" schools.

in outside activities, pupils are encouraged to Christians who ca~ stand alone are needed in choose and to plan. The methods used by the modern India. The Indian Church is fast becom- teachers stimulate the boys to think for them- ing self-conscious, is stirring with new life, and selves, to assume responsibility and to work to- faces many problems. Her leaders feel keenly gether for the common good. Each boy in the the need of more spiritual power in the members school earns part of the expense of his education of the churches which will impel them to joyful, by his own labor. Every boy of the Fourth sacrificial service. They are conscious of the Grade and above rents from the school a plot on Church's failure to interpret the Christian mes- which he raises vegetables which he markets. He sage to their own people in modes of thought that also shares in raising wheat, makes simpJe articles are Indian and not mere copies of Western think- in the village trades shop and does miscellaneous ing. They deplore the extent to which lack of jobs paid for by the hour. The younger boys independence has weakened the self-respect of the share in some of these ways of earning. All of Church.

them keep their own accounts of labor and profits, In the long run, Christian education holds the and at the end of each month receive the net cash, key to these problems. Theodore Roosevelt once from which each personally pays a sum, deter- said, "Nine-tenths of wisdom is being wise in mined according to age and earning ability, time." Christian education in India must be wise towards his tuition and board. Moga boys man- in time while it is able to guide the growth of age most of the affairs of the school by means of young Christians, the future leaders of the committees. They purchase and cook their own food, care for the buildings and grounds, and share in the government of the school.

Two illustrations may show how purpose and initiative are stimulated. On one occasion, the student body decided to close school for two full days. The purpose of this holiday was that they might share in the Evangelistic Campaign of the Churches in the Panjal>. Nearly all the boys spent long hours selling Gospels and witnessing in the bazaars and villages. The "holiday" involved sacrifice of some of their chances for earning money, as classroom hours had to be made up at the expense of working hours.

On another occasion, and indeed frequently when objects for giving have been presented, the boys shamed older Christians by their free choice A VILLAGE SCHOOL WHERE A MOGA BOY TEACHES of really sacrificial giving. They gave to a special Church. It must be recognized that in Christian appeal for orphans in the Near East, from their schools, the most important consideration is not own earnings, an amount which averaged per boy fulfilling the stereotyped requirements of the one-fifth of his monthly earnings. school tradition, but affording opportunities for independent thinking, initiative, joyful coopera- Of course, all is not ideal at Moga. Character- tion and loving service. Modern methods at Moga building is uphill work. It is not easy to be con- are important for the Christian movement in sistent in using methods which stimulate self- India because they contribute to that "life abunactivity. The experiment of student government dant" which Christ came to make possible, and bedoes not always work smoothly. It would often cause they are in harmony with the methods of be easier to use autocratic methods. Discipline the Great Teacher himself. by teachers and authorities is easier to administer

Students In Mission Schools*

By BISHOP JAMES H. LINTON, Isfahan, Persia I~" Missionary Bishop 0/ the Church 0/ England T HE Garden of God has in it flowers of every I not only mean that it is a means of bringing our girls to hue and of endless variety. On the part of accept the ethical teaching of Christ, but rather of trying the gardeners this demands infinite adapta- to help them to know Christ as their Saviour, of putting before them His claims, and of trying to lead them to a bility, constant thought, wondrous patience. If full surrender to Him. Indeed I feel this so strongly that I believe I would not stay longer in the work if I felt that the same treatment is meted out to all plants I could only influence them from a Christian ethical standalike, some will wither and die; some will produce point, and not really strive to win individual lives for abundant blossom; many will be dwarfed and Jesus Christ Himself. My own strong feelings in this stunted. They will bloom, but Are mission schools and col- matter are chiefly due to my certheir color will be poor and leges to be definitely mission- tainty that even Christian ethics are their fragrance but faint. ary in purpose and program of no avail without the power of a or are they to work indirectly Saviour behind, and that I have no In reading interesting cor- to promote Christianity with- right to call girls to the awful strugrespondence dealing with evan- out seeking to win pupils to gle of following His teaching withgelism through schools, I have Christ? This is a question on out first showing the joy and peace been impressed with the great which many good Christians of full surrender to Him. variety of aim and method, of honestly differ. It is impordifficulty and result. Methods tant and Bishop Linton of This principal goes on to say which are suitable for a Per- Persia speaks from experience that she in no wise minimizes sian garden appear to be as to the effectiveness of def- the opportunity of leavening wholly impossible in the glare inite evangelism as of prime the thought of the nation by of a Turkish sun or the arid importance in the Christian the teaching of Jesus Christ, desert of Arabia. Soil and cir- missionary educational pro- nor would she deny that this cumstance are factors which gram. should be a definite aim in our the gardener must be con- work; only she would emphastantly studying if he expects size that it is not enough. We to produce flowers of fragrance ought to get the truest Chrisand beauty which will in turn tian influence permeating the community when we get com- be reproductive and which will plete surrender of the in- permanently b e aut i f y the dividual to Christ.

Garden of God. The dean of a college which has recently had a And the flowers of our garden are God's litt~e remarkable number of conversions among non- ones, of whom the Head Gardener has counselled Christian stUdents writes that "the primary us that we offend them not, and despise them not, purpose" of the college "is to lead men to a knowl- for they are the very choicest flowers in the edge of Jesus Christ, which knowledge, we be- Garden of His Father. lieve, is the way of salvation for them, and the What are the aims of Christian education? only way of which we know anything." There- From a most interesting sheaf of correspondence fore," every reasonable effort consistent with fair- I quote a few. ness and tolerance is exerted to bring to the at- One experienced girls' school principal in a tention of the students the salvation which is Moslem city with its own peculiar difficulties, offered to all men in and through Jesus Christ."

writes: ' The effect of presenting the ethical teaching After some years 'of work I am still a real believer in of Christ with its leavening effect on society is a educational work as an evangelistic agency; and by that by-product of its main purpose. Yet, this is con- • A paper read at the meeting of the Near East Christian Council sidered of such importance, that if the direct and published in The Mosle= World, By Bishop James H. Linton, evangelistic purpose were for any reason inipos- Isfahan, Persia, Missionary Bishop of the Church of England.

[88] sible, they would still feel the existence of the aware of the Christian teaching given in all college to be justified if they could carry out such classes, and year by year the Church roll records a program of presenting the ethical teaching of the number of those who, after public confession Christ to the students as would mean incorporat- and due probation, have been admitted to the ing this in the life of the nation. But, in the face Church by Holy Baptism. Another principal in a of serious governmental restrictions, they are still Jewish school says, "The Jewish field of service is able to carry out the primary purpose, and just at a very promising one. During my seven years of present they are unable to care for the success service we have had many out-and-out conver- that they have been experiencing. sions."

I quote the above testimony as an encourage- In one of the colleges referred to earlier, some- ment to those who are carrying on educational thing over forty Moslem students recently either work in circumstances of difficulty and external made a definite confession of faith in Christ or restrictions. The results attained may well in- signified their desire to be further instructed in spire others to get in touch with this college, with His teaching. This followed a parochial "mission"

a view to considering whether for them there conducted on lines similar to those we have in may be a possibility of adapting such methods in America or England. In the same town about evangelism. thirty Jews also signed cards to the same effect.

The principal of a girls' school tells that until The dean of the college says that at present the recently the pupils were preponderatingly mem- chief limitation he has in this work of evangelism bers of the ancient Eastern Churches. It was then is lack of time and strength. From another school easy to maintain unequivocally that their aim was in the area the principal gives similar testimony.

to bring their girls to a knowledge of Christ and In this college it has ceased to be a matter of a fuller fellowship with Him. And they had good comment when a student becomes a Christian.

results. Today the aim is still the same, but they Another of the professors in the same college, have an increasing number of Moslem girls and writing of the results of the mission that was are also faced with governmental restrictions as held, says: "It may encourage workers [in other to Christian teaching to Moslems, together with areas] to go forward with direct evangelism. For more stringent demands as to educational stand- it is to this that we are surely called.. It ought ard, and she has to confess that the .aim is not also to warn us all never to be content with an being attained with the same success as formerly. ethical and cultural influencing of the nation. For, But they "plough in hO,pe," and feel justified in if we get that aim firmly fixed on our conscious- going on with comparatively more emphasis on ness, we are in danger of never hitting the other the secondary aim, viz., so getting the ethical target. We, too, have had our barren years when teaching of Jesus Christ across to their pupils we sowed in tears and hope, and sometimes hardly that the bonds of fear and superstition are broken, in hope. Today we are reaping – not perhaps a and they hope eventually to be able to get the harvest as in parts of Africa and India, but good evangelistic message once more into the forefront grain for all that."

of their purpose. A careful consideration of the correspondence I have little use for mere statistics, and realize received goes to show that in most cases you how misleading these may be even in the hand of eventually hit the target at which you aim. Those honest folk like missionaries! Bernard Lucas once who preach a positive Christian message and aim said that it was doubtless very interesting for at conversion, as a rule, seem to get conversions.

David to number the children of Israel, but it There are few schools which aim at conversion proved disastrous for the nation! How often we and have none to report. Some have waited long have found, too, that after telling in a missionary and patiently. Some are still waiting. Some have magazine the story of some striking conversion, them rarely. A few have recently had more than the devil seemed to get to work at once to make their staff can adequately care for.

havoc of the convert! Similarly, those who aim primarily at "cultural"

results are getting them. Some honestly do not Forty Students Become Christians think that conversion is a justifiable aim in school Still, let us give glory to God. The principal of work, and naturally conversions are more "accia school for Jews in a Moslem land says that dental" than on purpose. One school, typical of though his school is well known as a Christian this class, reports that they know of no case in institution, and there are very efficient Jewish recent years where a non-Christian student made schools in the town, they have just under five a profession of faith in Christ, but they know of hundred pupils and are unable, for lack of accom- many who would admit that the influence of Jesus modation, to receive any more. Parents are fully Christ has changed their lives.

One interesting feature in several places is the that the Christian staff be sufficient to allow for experimental work of Christian converts. They plenty of time outside class for personal work. If conduct branches of the Scripture Union, or help the Christian staff is working all the time at full in Christian Endeavor Societies. Some are evan- pressure on the purely educational side, the defi- gelists employed by churches or missions, others nitely missionary work inevitably suffers.

are colporteurs of the Bible Society. Jewish con- One college reports that it has appointed one verts to Christianity are seeking to win Moslems man on the staff solely for religious work among to Christ. Christian students are engaging in vari- the students, thus putting the religious work of ous forms of social service for non-Christians. In the college on at least an equal footing with other one school the girls had winter parties for poor departments. In addition there is, of course, the Moslem girls, and at Christmas gave them food part-time cooperation of the other Christian mem- and clothing, dolls, etc. This was made the occa- bers of the staff. The total impact of this is felt sion of a charge by the local education authority to be considerable and the department of religious that they had invited outsiders for the purpose education is said to be the livest in the college.

of anti-Islamic conversions! In some places the The course includes CharacterStudies in the Bible, Y. M. C. A. is proving a useful organization, Chris- the Life of Jesus Christ, Christian Philosophy, tian clubs in others. Girls organize games, etc., Christian Sociology, etc. The method of approach for young carpet weavers. In one college the is that of the student's need and our possession of Christian Union members visit some other town religious values that may be serviceable to him, during the Easter holidays and by very open and rather than any propagandist approach.

direct evangelism, largely by personal and indi- Denationalizing is a charge that is easy to hurl vidual work, they seek to win non-Christians for against schools under foreign control and one that the Lord Jesus Christ. The summer school camps is not altogether easy to rebut. We do belong to are proving a valuable outlet for the ev,angelistic another nation, though we try to keep all undue zeal of young converts and a source of gaining foreign influence altogether out of our work. In fresh converts to Christ. the area which we represent, with its growing and The value of hostels is emphasized by several as intense national spirit, we must be on our guard almost the most effective single means for gaining all the time against anything that might be that personal contact with students which is es- charged against us as anti-national.

sential in school evangelism. There are opportu- Follow-u,p work is one that clearly calls for con- nities for voluntary prayers, Sunday services and sideration. It is easy to make this statement, but unrestricted personal work, all of which are much unless the Christian staff of the school can be in- more difficult to get where there is no hostel. In creased so that the school does its own follow-up the absence of a hostel, one principal writes that work, or what is probably much better, that there her house, adjoining the school, has become a sort should be such close interrelation between the of second home for her pupils. This gives her evangelistic workers and the school that these can opportunities for talks with the girls without the do this work, there is sure to be constant leakage.

danger of being interrupted. Also walks with the So we look over this plot which the Great Gar- girls are useful and classes for enquirers. dener has committed to our care. We confess our Those who know something of the "Oxford failure in many things, but what stands out prom- Groups" will understand the value of "fellowship inently in all the correspondence is, that in every meetings," both those for members of the staff place the gardeners have a high ideal of their task and those where members of the staff and Chris- and a fine sense of responsibility in this important tian students meet together in this way. The bit of work. The spirit of prayer breathes through principal of one college where this method is car- the whole. The sowing is going on, and it is being ried out says he feels that the fellowship has been done in faith and hope, tended and watered with the most important means of producing the spir- patience and prayer. There are flowers of rare itual results they have experienced in the college. beauty springing up even in desert soil. Surely The Christian life of the students has been deep- the Great Gardener Himself loves to come down ened, the active Christian witness of the college is in the cool of the day, to behold the fair beauty of full of life, and a spirit of harmony prevails. If His garden and encourage us, His servants, as we this sort of witness is to be effective it is essential work and pray.

mlfat nntlfing bt lollt. Jolfn Ill. 12. llllllll cartful tift Iloril of ctilory mas to "gatlftr up tift fragmtnts!" ~ tnfintttly mtaltlfy Ilnril ts uot mtaltlfy tuoU!J1f to "tlfrlllll tlfings amay:' Jlt cannot atroril to malltr brtail. Q!an Jlt atroril to lost a soul? "Jlt gottlf ont afttr tlfal mlftrlf is (ost until Jlt finils tt:'-J. lll. JlIlIIttt.

Mission Boards Worth While?*

..:( By the Rev. ARTHUR JUDSON BROWN, D. D. ) :..

Secretary Emeritus of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

WORLD evangelization being the supreme of details little understood by the average home work of the Church, the method of admin- congregation. Problems and interrelations with istration should be commensurate with the other work and workers and questions of mission task to be performed. Such a work cannot be policy are involved, which, from the nature of the properly done by individuals or congregations act- case, are entirely beyond the experience of the ing separately. It is too vast, the distance too minister of a home church, and which call for an great, the single act too small. Local churches expert knowledge only possible to one who dedo not have the experience in dealing with mis- votes his entire time to their acquisition. Mis,;, sionary problems or the knowledge of details nec- sionary work has long since passed the experimenessary for the proper conduct of such' an enter- tal stage, and an apparently simple question may prise. Moreover, the individual may die or lose have bearings that even friends do not suspect. his money. The single church under another pas- The experiment of having each state control its tor may become indifferent or discouraged. In own regiments in a national war has been tried, any case, the work would lack stability. It would and with such disastrous results that it is not be fitful, sporadic, too dependent upon accidental likely to be repeated. knowledge or temporary emotion. A chance newspaper article or a visit from some enthusiastic It is neither safe nor sensible for the Church to missionary might direct a disproportionate stream leave such a large and important undertaking to of gifts to one field, while others perhaps more individuals or to local congregations. The Lord's important would be neglected. The wise expendi- work calls for expert methods. The whole Church ture of large sums of money in distant lands, the must take up this matter. It must form a responchecks and safeguards essential to prudent con- sible agency, whose outlook is over the whole field trol, the equitable distribution of workers and and through which individuals and churches can forms of work, the proper balancing of interests work together and to the best advantage. There between widely scattered and isolated points, the must be some lens which shall gather up the scatformulation of principles of mission policy-these tered rays of local effort and focus them: where require a strong administrative board. they are needed; some institution whose stability will not be imperilled by changes in personnel. The Christian missionary campaign is spiritual warfare on a vast scale, and it cannot be adequate- Recognizing these needs, each of the leading dely prosecuted by individuals operating indepen- nominations has constituted a Board of Foreign dently, however conscientious. There must be a Missions as the main channel through which it central organization with breadth of plan, unity may unitedly, wisely, and systematically carryon of movement, and persistence of purpose. A local this work for humanity and for God. These mischurch or conference can, with comparative ease, sion boards are composed not only of leading clersupervise the work within its bounds and there- gymen, but include bank presidents, successful fore under its immediate oversight; but foreign merchants and lawyers, directors of large corpomissionary work is remote, in many different lan- rations, and women of eminent ability and devoguages, and among diverse peoples. It is a varied tion. They are trusted leaders in other spheres and complex work, including not only churches but and their judgment is of no less value when they day-schools, boarding schools, industrial schools, deal with the extension of the Kingdom of God. normal schools, colleges, universities, medical and These men and women devote much time and labor theological schools, inquirers' classes, hospitals, to the affairs of the boards, leaving their own dispensaries, translating, publishing and distrib- work, often at great inconvenience, to attend board meetings, in which they earnestly and uting books and tracts, the purchase and care of • Dr. Brown's book. "The Foreign Missionary." first published in property, the health and homes and furloughs of 1907, and which has. been reprinted twelve times, has been thoroughly revised and the thirteenth printing i. now in press. Facts and stamissionaries, fluctuating currencies of many tistics have been brought down to date. With the consent of the pub- lisher, the Fleming H. Revell Company, 158 Fifth Ave., New York, kinds, negotiations with governments, and a mass this article quotes freely from the chapter on "Missionary Administra- tion" in the new and revised edition. EDITOR.

[91]

prayerfully consider the work committed to their avoid debt. The world-wide work, being conducted care. The churches owe much to their boards, on so large a scale and over so vast a territory, which are unselfishly administering their great cannot be hurriedly adjusted to financial changes trust. Though they may make occasional mis- in the United States. A board is responsible for takes, their loyalty, devotion, and intelligence are maintaining the work on a stable basis and cannot a reasonable guarantee that they will wisely serve radically change its program without warning. It the cause that is .as dear to them as to others. operates in distant lands, some so remote that sev- In the handling of missionary money great care eral months are required for the interchange of is taken by these mission boards. Some years ago letters. Plans and pledges must be made far in a Buffalo banker and a Pittsburgh merchant made advance. Moreover, missionaries are sent to a a thorough examination of the financial methods distant field for a life service and cannot be sum- of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, marily discharged as a merchant may discharge a and bore "testimony to the complete and business- clerk. The board reserves the right of recall, but like methods that are followed in the office man- should not exercise this right save for serious agement, which we believe are fully up to the best cause. Foreign missionaries are working among practice in the leading financial and industrial people of a different race, often unsympathetic,and institutions of the country, and give assurance must receive their salaries promptly. The home that the business entrusted to this office is churches do not want to send a "forlorn hope"

'promptly, efficiently, and economically conducted." into Asia and Africa and then desert it. This No doubt the same is true of other boards. The policy, however, involves financial risks to the editor of a leading religious weekly declared that boards because of the uncertainty of income.

"no trust company handles more money at a less Churches do not supply the funds in advance.

expense, with a smaller percentage of loss, than Most of them do not even make pledges. The the benevolent agencies of the Church." result is that the boards must often borrow money Since the members and officers of the boards to meet their responsibilities, especially since are or have been pastors and contributing mem- many local church treasurers do not forward of- bers of churches, they know that the money they ferings till the last days of the fiscal year.

receive includes not only the gifts of the rich, but Keeping in Touch with the Workers the self-sacrifice of the poor. They regard these gifts as a sacred trust to be expended with more It is a very important part of the work of mis- than ordinary care. sion boards to keep in close touch with the work- There are, of course, necessary expenditures for ers on the field. The secretaries give much time administration. A board must have offices and to correspondence with individual missionaries facilities for doing its work efficiently. The and to conferences with those at home on fur- churches wish to have their missionaries ade- lough. Their views are eagerly sought in making quately supported for a life work, so that an decisions affecting the work. Most boards send administrative agency must be maintained com- a secretary or a deputation to the field at intervals mensurate with the obligations assumed. Still, of a few years, for the express purpose of becom- the proportionate cost of administration of denom- ing more fully informed regarding the work, and inational boards is low. The percentage varies, as to discuss the problems on the field. Many board some have free rentals and unpaid agents, and the members have also personally visited the field and cost of stimulating interest in the churches is not have become experts in handling mission prob- always included in administrative expense. In lems. We doubt whether even the most reckless general, the cost of administration proper, com- critic will challenge the mission board secretaries pared with the total expense of maintaining the with any lack of knowledge of missions or incom- work, ranges from four to seven per cent. That petence :as missionary administrators. Many of is, it takes but little more than the value of a for- them have served as missionaries on the field and eign postage stamp to send a missionary dollar to know the problems from long experience. It is Asia or Africa. What mercantile concern, doing the policy of the boards to attach great weight to a great business and requiring the services of a the judgment of the missionaries and to give them large number of persons scattered over the world, liberty of action consistent with prudent adminis- can show as low a percentage? Dr. Henry Van tration. The presum;ption is always in favor of Dyke once made inquiries of several large corpora- granting requests of the devoted and trusted tions, railway, manufacturing, and mercantile, and workers on the field. Annual appropriations for found that their average administrative cost was current work are ordinarily made for each mission 12.75 per cent.; in one establishment it rose to in a lump sum, leaving the mission wide discretion twenty per cent. in determining how the funds available can be ex- It is more difficult than many might imagine to pended to the best advantage.

ARE MISSION BOARDS WORTHWHILE?

Missionaries do not always appreciate the diffi· forming its decisions by its relations with all the culties that beset an effort to ascertain their missions, by conferences with boards of other de- views. They represent so many different types nominations, and by long experience in dealing that there is certain to be divergent opinions. with similar missionary problems.

The same difficulty is experienced when sev- Missionaries and the Home Church eral hundred ministers and laymen meet in their home Church. A proposal from a board reaches The Mission Boards are important and essential three or four families at some remote station. means of contact between the missionary on the They do not know the views of workers in other field and the Church at home. They seek to be lands, nor do they have the benefit of opinions ex- channels of communication through which infor- pressed in a debate. The result is that the mis- mation may flow to and from the field. Mission- sionaries cast a vote which they might not cast if aries are asked to write quarterly letters home, they could have profited by the views of their as- which the Board duplicates and mails to the in- sociates in other countries. Each mission is apt terested friends and supporters whose addresses to suggest some amendment so that the returns it can secure. Learning by experience that many to the board are a chaos of conflicting views. missionaries are irregular in writing such letters, A medical missionary once wrote to me propos- the Board asks each station to designate one of ing certain changes in the manual rule affecting its members to write these letters describing the the medical missionaries. A copy of his letter, work of the station, and widely distributes these with a request for an opinion, was sen~ to every letters. Many Boards maintain a special depart- medical missionary connected with the board, so ment for transmitting such letters of mission- that a general policy might be formulated. Three aries to the home constituency, and also send to years later, only about half the medical mission- missionaries copies of a leaflet urging the impor- aries had been heard from. Men and women, tance of letters and suggesting the kind that are scattered over Asia, Africa, ,and Latin America, most effective in arousing and maintaining the who seldom see one another and who do not have missionary interest of friends at home. Pastors, intercommunication except through the board, in turn, are asked by the Board to keep in touch cannot be made the unit of missionary adminis- by correspondence with the missionaries in whom tration. their churches are particularly interested and for Some missionaries have protested against the whom they assume some responsibility.

policy of consulting missionaries on matters that When a missionary returns on furlough, the cannot be discussed in a mission meeting without Board expects him or her, if physically possible, embarrassment and fear of personal offense. In to visit the Church which is particularly interest- such cases the mission vote is apt to represent the ed, and in all the educational and inspirational sentiment of those personally involved rather than campaigns which the Board conducts among the that of the mission as a whole. One missionary home churches, furloughed missionaries are used.

frankly said: "We have difficulty enough to keep Indeed, those who are good speakers have some- harmony on the mission field without the board times said that they are asked to do more itinerat- throwing firebrands into our meetings. What is ing at home on furloughs than they do on the the board for if it cannot decide such questions? foreign field. The anxiety of a Board Secretary Your knowledge of the missionaries and your ac- to prevent the unwise diversion of gifts from the quaintance with missionary problems are such authorized budget, upon which the stability of the that you ought to know what should be done." work rests, occasionally leads to an objection to It should be borne in mind that the decision of individual appeals for an object that one mission- many questions by a board is required, not only by ary may deem very important but which has not the necessities of the case, but by the board's re- been approved by the Mission or the Board. But lation to the church which has assigned to it the the policy of the boards is to facilitate in every duty of directing the missionary enterprise. Cer- practicable way the closest personal relations be- tain questions must come to the home office for tween the missionaries and the supporting con- final decision, because they must be decided by stituency and to keep the channel wide open for somebody and the board has been formed for that all reasonable intercommunication. The earnest purpose. The board is held to strict account for desire and endeavor of Mission Board secretaries the supervision of the work, and it assumes re- is to keep the Church at home fully informed as to sponsibilities for the maintenance of missionaries the work and to cultivate true fellowship in and their work that are inseparable from a degree prayer, intelligent interest and adequate sup- of administrative control. If anything goes port of the great work of Christ in which we are wrong the home Church blames the board rather all partners.

than the missionary. The board is also aided in Every board would admit that, in deciding nu-

merQus and perplexing questiQns, SQme Qf them crusade but a settled campaign, and they are plandelicate and difficult and Qn which gQQd men differ, ning it with all the skill and prudence they po.ssess. errQrs Qf judgment sQmetimes Qccur. It is prQb- They study the broad principles o.f missio.ns, read able, hQwever, that if any o.ne were to. make a list the lessQns that they have been taught by a hun- Qf the real defects in present administrative meth- dred years o.f missio.nary effQrt, abandQn plans ods, he wo.uld learn that the bQards already are that have been fQund defective, and adQpt new earnestly striving to. remedy them. Dr. William Qnes that pro.mise better results. Every year the N. Clarke expressed the fQllo.wing o.piniQn: Qfficers and representatives Qf Qver sixty bo.ards in the United States and Canada meet fQr cQnference The sharpest criticism usually comes from those who as to. the best metho.ds o.f carrying o.n missio.nary know the work only from the outside, and have no idea QperatiQns, and an amo.unt Qf care and thQught is either of its real magnitude or of the immense complica- given to. the whQle subject that wo.uld surprise the tions that it involves. Large parts of the work of mission- average critic. ary boards imply matters that are confidential in their nature. A certain amount of reserve is absolutely required There is no. gro.und fQr the assumptio.n o.f so.me by justice and by the interests of the work. Matters that that the wo.rk o.f a church bo.ard is no.t a "faith can be openly discussed are often fully intelligible only to wo.rk." At the beginning o.f each year the bo.ard those who know great classes of surrounding facts. When makes its apprQpriatio.ns so.lely o.n the faith that a board is blamed about some occurrence on the foreign Go.d will mQve the Churches to. pro.vide the necesfield, there is almost sure to be involved some personal sary mo.ney. Since this wo.rk is suppo.rted by the matter in which prejudice for or against someone may gifts o.f His peo.ple, it is fair to. assume that He easily mislead an outside judgment, and even in the inner will bless them when they mo.ve unitedly and circle a just and wise judgment requires the utmost prayerfully fo.r the acco.mplishment o.f the chief caution. All administrative work is, of course, justly open wo.rk that He has laid upo.n them. He is quite as to candid and reasonable criticism, and no missionary apt to. guide the men who.m the Church "IQo.ks society expects or asks to escape it; but there are com- o.ut" as "Qf hQnest repQrt, full Qf the Ho.ly Spirit paratively few persons who are thoroughly qualified to criticise the administration of the great missionary organ- and wisdo.m" and appo.ints "o.ver this business," izations except in a very general way. Even f.or those who as He is to. guide an individual, ho.wever sincere have intimate knowledge enough to be capable of intelli- o.r enthusiastic. These Bo.ard members reverently gent criticism, it often proves far easier to see faults in lo.o.k to. the Ho.ly Spirit as the administrator o.f the the policy of the great societies than to propose radical enterprise, believing that their chief reliance must improvements upon their general method of administra- be upo.n His guidance. They realize that God is tion. It is a case where correction even of acknowledged no.tJimited to. human methQds and that the failure faults, though it be ever so much desired, is often beset with unsuspected difficulty. Hence, the case is one that o.f a cherished plan may no.t augur injury to the evidently calls for mutual confidence and loyal cooperation among those who are interested together in missions. The cause but o.nly defect in the plan. They feel that fact ought to be taken more closely home to the popular their o.nly safety is to. keep clo.se to. Christ and to. Christian heart that a missionary society is conducting a seek to. kno.w His will. Prayer, therefo.re, begins work of exceptional magnitude and difficulty, under condi- and pervades all deliberatiQns and wings every tions that render misjudgment of its doings extremely appeal fo.r funds. Heavy as are the anxieties and easy, and that its officers deserve sympathetic and respect- respo.nsibilities, every Bo.ard co.unts it an ho.no.r and a privilege to. represent the Church o.f God in ful judgment from all their brethren.* the administratiQn o.f this nQblest o.f all Christian activities. Missio.n bQards are giving increasing attentiQn to. the principles o.f an intelligent and cQmprehensive PQlicy. They are no.t merely cQnducting a • A Study of Christian Missions. Pp. 128, 134. 135.

"HAVE FAITH! GO FORWARD"

Tho.mas A. Ediso.n, Qne o.f the WQrld's greatest men, after 84 years o.f a full and en· ergetic life, gave to the wo.rld's largest audience, o.ver the radio. last June, what prQved to. be his final public utterance. His wo.rds make a mQst po.werful sermQn.

The message was spo.ken at a time when banks were cQntinuing to. go. to. the wall, when unemplo.yment was steadily increasing, when sales o.f all kinds were being held and many stQres were cutting prices to. the limit, with little o.r no. pro.fit. Pessimistic statements were the rule.

What shQuld such a man say at such a time? Here are his wQrds : "My message to. yQU is. to. be co.urageo.us! I have lived a lo.ng time. I have seen his- tQry repeat itself again and again. I have seen many depressiQns in business. Always America has emerged fro.m these strQnger and mQre pro.sperQUS. Be as brave as yo.ur fathers were befQre yQU. Have faith! Go. fQrward!"

A Forw-ard Movement In China*

The China Inland Mission's Answer to Satan's Challenge By the REV. ROBERT HALL GLOVER, M. D., F. R. G. S., Philadelphia j:..

Home Director of tht: China Inland Mission in NOTth America A LITTLE more than four years ago, in The critic and avowed enemy of missions like- 1927, a new and fierce anti-Christian and wise said, anti-missionary agitation suddenly broke "No," but went a bit further and added, "It out in China. This was inspired by Communist serves you right. You are getting just what you propagandists, who incited the Chinese soldiery deserve for your impertinence in forcing your and student body to acts of violence, particularly Western religion upon people who have their own directed against missionaries and other for- religions."

eigners. The Western governments became Then there was the discouraged missionary, alarmed and promptly ordered who had suffered heavy mate- their nationals to withdraw rial loss and shameful insult, from the interior. And so the The present Forward Move- and whose vision, dimmed with large majority of missionaries ment of the China Inland Mis- tears, could for the time dis- all over China were forced to sion, vitally important as it is cern little hope for the resump- leave their stations, and their by reason of the ends in view, tion of missionary activities.

beloved converts and work of assumes an added significance But there were missionaries years, and to make their way to when it is realized that it whose anointed eyes saw the the coast. Thus almost before caine into being as the direct situation in a very different they were aware of it, several result of one of the heaviest light. That the blow had come hundred C. I. M. missionaries, blows which Satan ever dealt directly from Satan, and with among others,found themselves the missionary cause in China. intent to ruin the work of mis- out of inland China and with Once again has the great Cap- sions, they doubted not. But the door closed behind them. tain of our salvation out-ma- did the Word anywhere teach It was a sad hour for these neuvered his crafty adver- that God's servants were ever missionaries and for the Mis- sary, and turned the devi1's to accept defeat at the hands sion, and the outlook from the weapons against himself, so of Satan? Assuredly not. Had human point of view was dark. that his deliberate attempt to Satan at any time succeeded by Would the door of missionary destroy the work of missions persecution in destroying the opportunity ever reopen? That ,has been made by the Lord cause of Christ? Far from it.

question was in many minds the very means–so far, at He tried to do so at the very and upon many lips, and was least, as the China Inland Mis- outset of the missionary enter- variously answered by differ- sion is concerned–of impart- prise when he inspired the ent classes of people. The ing fresh zeal and energy to stoning to death of Stephen.

w 0 rId 1y-w i seman, always the enterprise and projecting But he only succeeded thereby s k e p tic a I about missionary a vigorous advance into new in giving new impulse and work, unhesitatingly answered: territory. This is why the breadth to the movement, for "No. It is just as I expected. Forward Movement in ques- "they that were s cat t ere d How could missionaries be so tion can properly be called the abroad went every where foolish as to imagine that they Mission's answer to Satan's preaching the word," so that could ever change the deeply challenge, its counter-offen- converts were multiplied and rooted religious ideas of the sive in the teeth' of the en- the scope of Gospel effort was Chinese?" emy's vicious assault.-R.H.G. greatly extended.

• From China's Millions, December, 1931. So it was with every suc- [95]

ceeding persecution recorded in the Book of Acts. non-Christians alike, and found opportunities for The great missionary apostle, Paul, testified that the Gospel greater than ever before. Suffering the persecutions which befell him had "fallen out and oppression .had chastened many hearts and rather unto the progress of the gospel," and he made them more susceptible to the Christian followed on to exhort his fellow-workers to be message.

"in nothing terrified by your adversaries." If The Chinese Christians for the most part stood the New Testament stresses one thing more than true through the fires of affliction and were puri- any other about missions it is that the opposition fied and strengthened, while their leaders wonder- and persecution stirred up by the enemy are fully developed in spiritual gift and grace. Many among the most fruitful means, through God's churches have been sorely tested and severely transforming power, of advancing the enterprise. handicapped in their efforts toward larger self- Every such assault of the adversary today, there- support and self-extension, by reason of the ter- fore, should be made the occasion of a forward rible conditions of civil war, banditry, famine and movement issuing in fresh expansion and in- pestilence which have been so prevalent. Never- creased spiritual results. theless, substantial progress has been made by That is the way the China Inland Mission was many of them, and there have been some inspir- led to regard the adverse situation with which ing examples of faithful and fruitful evangelistic it was confronted four years ago. Was mission- effort.

ary work in China at an end? How could it The missionaries on their part have lost no time possibly be with Christ's Great Commission un- in actually launching the proj ected Forward Move- revoked and the task of giving the Gospel to ment. From center after center in the various China's millions stilI so very far from completed? provinces the workers have pushed out courage- At whatever cost, the work must go on. And ously into new territory in the face of terrific odds so the Mission went upon its face before God in against them. It is not at all surprising that such fervent prayer for the reopening of the door and an advance should meet with the stubborn resist- for clear guidance as to its future plans. ance of our great adversary, and one cannot fail Those were days of deep heart-searching as to see his hand in the stirring up of political strife, well as earnest pleading with God. Then He gave the depredations of bloody bandits, the wicked the vision and conviction for an aggressive ad- machinations of Red Communists, and the sicken- vance. In prayerful conference together it was ing horrors of the Moslem uprising in Kansu, as resolved that when the missionaries were per- well as in the tragic succession of dire calamities mitted to return it would not be to retain any -famine, disease and flood-which have befallen longer in their own hands the care of local that unhappy land, taking an appalling toll of life churches, but to pass this over to their Chinese and plunging tens of millions of survivors into colleagues and thus to free themselves for an abject poverty and helpless despair. Under condi- aggressive forward evangelistic movement into tions such as these, many would consider even the hitherto unreached regions. continuance of the existing work well-nigh impos- Efforts were also to be made to stimulate the sible and any advance wholly out of the question.

Chinese churches to increased zeal in witnessing Yet our brave missionaries have dared to carry for Christ and energetic cooperation in the work on, and even to press forward, despite the hard- of evangelizing the districts surrounding the ships and dangers involved.

existing stations and churches. A careful and The twenty or more new main centers already comprehensive survey was made of the unevan- opened give no adequate idea of the Forward gelized sections of China with a view to shaping Movement to date. A host of other places have the advance, and on the basis of this survey the been visited and worked by Gospel teams, so that Mission's leaders in China felt clearly led to ap- literally hundreds of thousands of Chinese have peal to God and to the homelands for two hun- for the first time heard the Gospel. The scope of dred new missionaries to be sent out within two these varied and unceasing activities is a very years, as the minimum reinforcement necessary wide one, embracing cities, towns and hamlets in to carry out the plan of advance. the thickly peopled central provinces, as well as What has been the sequel? The Lord has an- fresh advances among the hill tribes of the south- swered prayer all along the line. The temporarily west, the Tibetans on the western Szechwan bor- closed door to inland China swung. open ag,ain far der, and both Moslem and Chinese communities in sooner than the most sanguine missionary could remote Kansu.

have predicted upon any ground of natural proba- Especially cheering is it to learn that during bility. The returning missionaries were every- this period of peculiar difficulty and trial the vis- where warmly welcomed back, by Christians and ible results of the work have been the largest in

ARE MISSION BOARDS WORTHWHILE?

years. During 1927-1928, when for the most part way thither, and fifteen others-the exact reour missionaries were compelled to be away and mainder of the 200-were accepted and preparing the work was largely left to the Chinese Chris- to sail. In North America quite a few more young tians, upwards of 7,500 converts were baptized. men and women are at various stages of consid- In 1929 there were over 4,400 more baptisms, and eration as candidates. Ninety of those already in 1930 more than 4,900, while the number already accepted 200 are from North America. reported this year is larger than in any recent year. Will not those who have faithfully prayed and trusted with us for the full number of the two To sum up, since the blow fell upon our work a hundred now unite in fervent praise to God for little more than four years ago and the order for His gracious answer to our prayers and His faiththe missionaries to evacuate was given, 20,000 ful supply of our need? Not only have we cause Chinese have been baptized upon personal confes- for thanksgiving in that our Father has given us sion of Christ as their Saviour, not to speak of the these choice recruits, but also that He has supmany other blessed results attending the work. plied, at a time of such financial stress, the large In the light of all this, what a tragedy it would sum of money necessary to send them out, and has have been had the Mission yielded to the tempta- at the same time substantially increased the numtion to mark time or retrench, and what a glory it ber of the Mission's prayer supporters. is to the Lord that it has even dared to launch this Forward Movement! We might well tremble to send into China this new company of young missionaries, under the Finally, what about the two hundred new mis- present grave conditions prevailing there, were we sionaries? When the appeal reached the home not assured of a corresponding reinforcement of lands from China it was already summer time of intercessors to stand back of them. Thank God, 1929, rather too late for the recruiting camp.aign the number of China Inland Mission ,prayer circles to get more than well under way that year. in North America alone has increased at last re- Thirty-six new workers were sent out that au- ports to eighty-nine, and our Prayer Union memtumn, and forty-six in 1930, thus giving us eighty- bers to 3,231. Truly, "the Lord hath done great two of the 200 on the field at the beginning of the things for us, whereof we are glad." Let us magyear. Then came a time of testing, when in all nify Him and exalt His name together. the home lands we were distinctly conscious of the strong resistance of the enemy to the appeal for We need to remember that the end of the two new workers. Our General Director felt led to years' recruiting is only the beginning of the task suggest a day of special prayer and fasting, with the 200 particularly in mind. February 10 was itself, so that we must still cooperate by prayer thus set and observed by the Mission throughout the world. The effect was at once noticeable. and faith with our fellow-workers on the field, and United, believing prayer had broken through the enemy's resistance, and from that time offers of "forgetting those things which are behind, and service in China have come in a steady stream, so that our home staffs have been kept busy dealing reaching' forth unto those things which are be- with candidates. fore," together "press toward the mark"-which Eight weeks before the end of the year, 185 of in this instance is the overtaking of the vast unthe 200 were actually already in China or on their met need of millions of Chinese for the Gospel, and thus the fulfillment of God's call and commis- sion through His servant Hudson Taylor to the China Inland Mission to preach the Gospel to every creature in inland China.

EVANGELISM AND THE SOCIAL GOSPEL There is only one Gospel in the New Testament, and that is the Gospel of our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ. This gospel is applicable to all men and to all human conditions. It is a spiritual gospel with an individual and a social message. When this is applied to individuals, we call it a personal gospel; when it is applied to groups of individuals and social conditions we call it a social gospel, but in each case it is the same gospel. No pres- entation of the Gospel in our day can be effective without both of these applications.

JOHN McDOWELL.

of Christian Colleges In

A Review of the Report of the Commission on Christian Higher Education in India* ..:( By REV. RALPH B. NESBITT, Summit, New Jersey J!:.. Recently a Miss~onaTY in India A T an important gathering of Christian edu- follows the historical method in developing the ~ cators of India in Agra, in February, argument in favor of the proposed plan. The 1921; steps were taken looking forward to colleges themselves are critical of the work they the coming of a Commission to examine the work are doing. So are others who are friendly to of the Christian Colleges in India. In due course missionary work, such as Mr. Arthur Mayhew the International Missionary Council constituted and Bishop Whitehead. A section of great value the Commission of eight which visited India dur- in the matter of orientation is the consideration ing the last cold season, arriving in November, of the "principles underlying the policy of the 1930, and continuing until early last April. colleges as set forth in earlier discussions of the The personnel of the Commission was a suffi- subject." In the past there have been three aims cient guarantee of a thorough piece of work, the set before the Christian colleges: chairman being Dr. A. D. Lindsay, Master of 1. That of preparing India for acceptance of the Gospel Balliol College, Oxford. Two members were out- 2. That of winning men in the colleges to confession of Christ and baptism in His name; in short, the work standing Indian Christians, two were Britishers of conversion who had been missionaries, and two were Amer- 3. That of a "strengthening, training, developing icans who had not previously had intimate contact ag~ncy" for the Christian community with India. The Commission was authorized to make recom- Historically, the first has been the most im- portant. However, under changed conditions the mendations which would, if carried out, definitely matter of preparation for the coming of the Kingalter the present methods of higher Christian edu- dom of God is different from what it formerly cation in India. Something of a crisis had been was. A new content of Christian education must reached and the Commission offers certain pro- be worked out, and this is the main task which posals which to some may seem revolutionary. the Commission faced. The metaphor of the spearhead and the handle is used to illustrate the A careful questionnaire had previously been relation of the religious and the secular aspects sent to the principals of the colleges that were to of education. Dr. Miller of Bombay, the wellbe visited and by means of these replies and later known Scotch educator of a generation ago, said, by visits to the various colleges, supplemented by "The Scriptures are to be the spearhead, all other knowledge the well-fitted handle. The Scriptures conferences, the Commission worked out their re- are to be the healing essence, all other knowledge port and conclusions. This report of 363 pages the congenial medium through which it is conincludes an Analysis and Appraisal of the Col- veyed." leges as they are; a Plan for the Christian Colleges in India; and the Way of Putting it into There is (in Part II, Chapter 3) an incisive and Effect. A number of appendices including the discriminating survey of changing India. The questionnaire above referred to and one entitled, picture is drawn with skill and is true to life. All The Application of the Principles of this Report India is being deeply stirred and the Christian Church is involved. Perhaps most significant of to Indian Universities. all, secularism and anti-religious propaganda are Acceptance of the plan proposed as a remedy for growing apace.

the present crisis will depend largely upon one's Another important chapter deals historically conviction that the diagnosis has been skilfully and accurately made. Hence the Report wisely * The Christian College in India, 8vo, 363 pages, Appendices and with the system of higher education and the rela- Index. $2.00. Oxford University Press, 1931.

[98] tion of the Christian colleges to this system. This 1. The function of the colleges helps one to realize not only the fact that the 2. Government and administration of the col- Christian colleges have in no small measure forfeited the leadership in higher education in India leges. which they once enjoyed but also reveals the First, it is recommended that two additional causes which have brought about this unfortunate pieces of work be undertaken, namely, research result. There have been movements in the uni- and extension. Colleges are suffering from the versity life of India, notably that of the growth domination of an examination system. The stuof the so-called "unitary university," which have dents are not seeking culture but, on account of proved prejudicial to the influence of the Chris- economic pressure, are trying merely to pass extian colleges. Three causes are assigned for this aminations as a means of securing employment. loss of prestige: Under such circumstances the teaching force of the colleges tends to lose initiative. To recover 1. Lack of opportunity for research this the professors must undertake research work. 2. Indian prejudice against western institutions This will bring life and zest into their teaching. 3. Weakness due to a divided purpose This research should be related to the larger life in which the college finds itself. In other words, The plan I1roposed aims to meet these causes as the college is to be of service to the community. far as possible and to correct the admittedly un- In this way the responsibility of the colleges to fortunate results of the connection maintained by the Church may be met more fully than in the the Christian colleges with the university system past. Thus a modern equivalent of the early of India. These results are likewise three in num- preparation for the Gospel may be worked out. ber: There should be a re-shaping of the subject mat- ter of the curriculum. History is recommended 1. Domination of the examination system as the central discipline. This is to be supple- 2. Hampering effect of university regulations mented by science on one side and by art and 3. Loss of educational initiative literature on the other. The effect will be the appreciation of Christianity as an historical re- The important question of the religious in- ligion. The content of an education that is truly fluence of the Christian colleges is considered in Christian must be supplied. the two-fold aspect of this influence upon the stu- Second. Significant changes are proposed as to dents who attend the colleges and also,in the wider the administration of the colleges. These changes sphere, the influence upon the church and nation. affect the present management, both Indian and Here as elsewhere there is hearty acknowledg- foreign, in three phases: ment of past achievement for the colleges have been the means of winning men to Jesus ,Christ. 1. The relation between the mission boards and They have also exerted no slight influence on the the colleges in India people of India and have trained some of the outstanding leaders of the Church, such as Bishop 2. The constitution and powers of the govern- Azariah. ing boards of individual colleges It is nevertheless true, that the present situa- 3. The constitution and responsibility of the tion is just cause for alarm. The number of con- staff governing bodies of individual colleges. versions is deplorably small. The influence of the Christian college in the wider sphere, at least in The Commissioners propose that there should that of the nation, is a waning influence. Three be normally for each college two chief governing alternative proposals are presented: bodies, a Board of Direction and a Staff Governing Body, both constituted in India and entrusted 1. Persistence in the existing policy with full responsibility for the government and ad- 2. Withdrawal from higher education in favor ministration. The iPresent mission boards in America and England would cease to have direct of other methods connection with the colleges but, through the Na- 3. A Christian university or universities. tional Christian Council of India, would be kept informed of the progress of Christian higher edu- These proposals are all rejected in favor of the cation as a whole. plan already mentioned. This plan is the heart of the report. Here the Commission prescribes what, There may be non-Christian Indians on the in its judgment, is essenital in order that the Staff Governing Body, but the Board of Direction Christian colleges in India may regain the place of is to consist entirely of Christians. It is plainly large influence which they once held and· may the intention of the Commission that the Board make the contribution which they should make to of Direction in India should really direct. If legal- India today. The detailed application of this plan ly incorporated it should hold the property. As to (given in Part IV) cannot be described here. The the Staff Governing Body, it is of utmost imporplan includes: tance that chief responsibility be put on the In-

dian Christian members of the staff. This change paratory work really effective in New India. The is urgently needed. It is rather the missionary function of the Christian college is ably set forth: member whose influence has been dominant. A Christian college, as contemplated in this Report, It is further recommended that there should be is an institution in which the Church uses, in the service set up in India and in Britain ,and America per- of its great purpose, the characteristic contribution of the manent Christian educational committees. The teacher and the scholar. That characteristic contribution is the imparting of truth, the extension of knowledge, and India committee should be constituted to "rep- the building of character. (p. 206.) resent all the colleges and be able to speak for them, alike to the Government, the universities, One note is lacking here-a note which does not and to the general public." The boards or com- conflict with the purpose, but is supplementary to mittees to be created in Britain and America it-the note of conversion to Christ. The Comshould act as liaison officers between the home mission is, of course, not averse to this, as is maniboards and the committee in India, and should fest in its statement (page 185) in regard to "spealso assist in securing funds and in the difficult cial missions" which, "when they are conducted and important work of recruiting the right kind by a wise evangelist, may quicken the growth and of men and women for the colleges. fruitfulness the seeds that the patient teacher has The place of the theological colleges in the plan long been sowing in faithfulness and expectation." and a number of special problems are considered Again the Commission says: "As trainers of (Part III) but space does not permit more than youth, the Christian staff will seek through all the . this passing reference to these important prob- opportunities which the contacts of college life aflems. ford to lead their students to personal allegiance This very excellent report inspires the hope that to Jesus Christ and to build up their lives in Him." the Christian colleges may again secure a place of It would have been well if as careful and thorough real leadership in the educational and intellectual attention had been directed to the problem of leadlife of India. It proposes a way of escape from ing the individual students to Christ as has been the present intolerable system of examinations given to the kindred problem of making the coland suggests plans by which the colleges may leges effective as a general preparation for the become much more vital to the life of the Indian coming of the Kingdom of God in India. A con- Church. It is highly desirable that the Christian structive and thoroughgoing attempt should be college in India shall be made more truly Indian made by the colleges to follow up their graduates but at the same time the need of Christian teach- in order that any interest in Christ and affection ers from the West is maintained. for Him that has been created in the college may There appear to be two possible weaknesses in come to fruition in later life, when former stu- the plan presented. The first is financial. Frank- dents may be in a better position to make de- ly one does not see how the plan, involving as it cisions than while in college. This criticism should does "no inconsiderable outlay," can be carried not be interpreted to mean that the Commission through at present or in the near future. Com- has failed to safeguard the Christian purpose of paratively little expense will be saved by closing the enterprise. This it has certainly done. For up certain pieces of work and the new sources of instance, no sympathy is shown with an easy but revenue suggested do not seem adequate to meet fatal syncretism. (p. 147.) Emphasis is repeat- the increased expense involved. The cutting off edly laid upon the necessity of securing a large of the colleges from the direct relationship with number of Christian professors and boards of the mission boards at home may react unfavor- direction entirely composed of Christians. One of ably on support received through these boards. three functions of the board is that "the mainte- It will also be difficult to transfer workers from nance of the missionary purpose of the college other lines to the boards for additional research should be the special concern of the board of di- work while the work already in hand is greatly rection." (p. 204.) Religious instruction should undermanned. Christian alumni may contribute retain its central place in the curriculum and each to the support, but can non-Christians be expected college should have a chapel for Christian wor- to contribute in any large way if they are not rep- ship with a chaplain as a member of the staff, resented on the board of direction? whose special responsibility is to be the religious Another point where the plan does not seem en- life of the college. (pp. 182, 183, 186.) tirely satisfactory is in the danger of devoting too One lays down the report with a sense of sin- much attention to the handle (secular education) cere gratitude to the Commission and with the and too little to the spearhead (the spiritual pur- earnest hope that Higher Education in the Chris- pose) . The important work of the colleges as a tian colleges of India may, as a result of their preparation for the Gospel message has been ca:re- work, be made even more effective in the future fully considered with a view to making this pre- than in the past.

Religious Situation in

.. By REV. W. H. RAINEY, B. A., F. R. G. S., London ): Secretary for Western Europe and North Africa of the British and Foreign Bible Society T HE Government of Signor Mussolini has year religion was taken into account but the now granted to Protestants, and other non- figures are not yet available. Protestantism in Catholics, full freedom of worship. Re- Italy is numerically a very small minority, yet, ligious freedom, however, is no new thing in Italy. speaking from actual knowledge, we venture to As far back as February 17, 1848, Charles Albert, say that their influence is altogether out of pro- King of Piedmont, granted a large measure of portion to their numbers. Certainly the Pope religious freedom to all his subjects. This Edict, seems to take them very seriously for in his adwhich brought to an end persecutions dating from dress to the Lenten preachers on February 16th the 12th century, was considered a wonder of of last year he referred to them as "a great evil magnanimity, but in reality it was only the tardy which afflicts the population of Italy. Protestant recognition of a sacred right. proselytism is allowed to go on with such harm to human souls and with such menace to that People often speak of Italian Protestantism as which is most precious in the life of a nationthough it were an imported article. While it is namely, that profound unity of thought and soul true that English and American societies have which has never been seen to be so efficacious as done much to strengthen Evangelical work in Italy, yet the Waldensian Church of Piedmont, as Milton so well puts it, Kept Thy truth so pure of old When all our fathers worship't stocks and stones.

Italian Protestantism is national in its origin and ST. PETERS CATHEDRAL, VATICAN CITY, ROME dates from before the Reformation. It is not true that the genius of Protestantism is incompatible with the Latin races.

The Waldensian Church has always been a missionary organization and it proceeded to take advantage of its new freedom. Before the end of that eventful year (1848), her evangelists had penetrated into parts of the country hitherto closed to the Gospel. Florence, the capital of the Duchy of Tuscany, was occupied and in 1862 the Wesleyan Methodist Church helped to lay the basis of a work which now has extended throughout the country. Other Evangelical Churches entered later, and today the American Methodist Episcopal Church (North), the American Baptists (South), the Brethren, the Pentecostal Church, the Adventists, and others are doing their part in making the Gospel known. It is estimated that the total number of Protestants in Italy is about 150,000. However, it must not be taken for granted that the remainder of the population of Italy is entirely Roman Catholic. The census of 1921 did not enquire into religion but according to the 1911 census 874,523 persons declared that they had no religion and 653,404 made no declaration about their religion. In the new census this [101]

in religious unity." The early Christians were cially in Rome." Fortunately the Italian Govern- accused "of turning the world upside down," and ment interpreted the clause to recognize the rights Italian Protestants seem to have followed their of non-Catholics to worship and to propagate their example. religion.

The Edict of Charles Albert was confirmed and On the 28th of February a Royal Decree was enlarged by the Concordat of the 11th of Febru- published giving the "Regulations Governing the ary, 1929, which, while securing to the Roman Religions Admitted by the State" and this docu- Catholic Church a position of special prestige, ment was published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale granted, as Mussolini said in the Chamber-"full (Official Gazette) on the 12th of April, 1930.

liberty of worship to the other cults admitted by This document comprises 29 articles, but lack of the State, and the equality of every citizen before space permits us to quote only three; two of which the law, whatever the religion he may profess. deal with churches and one deals with institutions.

This liberty cannot be infringed in the slightest Article I-The opening of new Churches degree." The 4th and 5th articles of the law Before a new Church can be opened a request must dealing with "Permitted Cults" read as follows: be presented to the Minister of Justice, accompanied "Difference of cult forms no obstacle to the enjoy- by papers proving that the new Church is necessary ment of all civil and political rights, nor to admis- and meets the need of an important group of worsion to all the civil and military appointments. shippers. It is also necessary to prove that there is Discussion in matters of religion is entirely free." sufficient money to maintain the new premises. The opening must be authorized by the Minister of Jus- It was a bitter pill to the Vatican that the Con- tice by a Royal Decree.

cordat substituted the word "permitted" for Article 2 "tolerated"-the term previously used in dealing The faithful can have services, etc., in their buildwith other cults. Now Protestants were "permitted," recognized and protected by the State. ings without special authorIzation from the State on the condition that they are presided over, or author- ized, by a minister approved by the State. See Arti- Their ministers were granted the right to cele- cle 3 of the Law on "Approved Cults". Otherwise the brate marriages with the same legal effect as general law regulating public meetings comes into Roman Catholic priests. A priest preaching force. against Protestants in a large and crowded Jesuit Church was heard to declare that" 'permitted' is Article 13-Institutions The Institutes that are recognized as "corporations" a word to be banned; 'tolerate' was the proper are subject to the inspection and control of the State.

14. This includes the right of inspection. In the expression, for we tolerate these Protestants as we event of maladministration, when the directing body tolerate disorderly houses." However, Article I is not able to continue its work satisfactorily the State of the Concordat was considered by Catholics to reserves the right to interfere and appoint a new be so favorable to their interests that it more than body.

16. These Institutions cannot accept gifts, inheri- counterbalanced this official recognition. It stipu- tances or legacies without permission. This permis- lates that "In consideration of the sacred char- sion must be asked from the Minister of Justice. If acter of the Eternal City, the episcopal See of the the sum exceeds lire 300,000 permission must be ob- Supreme Pontiff, the center of the Catholic world tained from the Council of State. and the goal of pilgrimage, the Italian Government will use its best endeavors to prevent in No missionary director or superintendent can Rome anything that may not be in keeping with read these Articles without seeing in them the its above-mentioned character." possibility of serious complications. If strictly applied they would make both church and school Many Roman Catholics thought the fulfillment work exceedingly difficult. One cannot but think of this clause implied the closing of the Italian that State recognition in itself is a very doubtful Protestant churches in Rome, and on the follow- advantage. Had choice been possible we think ing Sunday several pastors received anonymous the Evangelical Churches would have preferred to letters threatening violence if they celebrated remain independent. their usual services. Moreover, written in large letters on the door of the depot of the British and There is, however, a more serious complication. Only ministers recognized by the State are al- Foreign Bible Society in the Foro Italico were the lowed to preach the Gospel. This brings us face to face with a difficult problem-what must those ominous words E finito anche per voi– (Your men do, who, for any reason whatsoever, are not officially recognized? Obedience to the State turn too has come). That some such interpreta- might mean disobedience to the Christ. Some have considered it their duty to continue preachtion of this clause was in the mind of the Pope ing.and leave the consequences in the hands of himself seems evident from his speech on the 8th of January, 1931, when he declared that the Con- cordat had been violated by "non-Catholic and God. We have had six cases brought to our no- even anti-Catholic proselytism in Italy and espe- tice where pastors-two Baptist, one Methodist,

THE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN ITALY

one Pentecostal and two Brethren-without State senting Spain as a spotless gift to the Blessed recognition were denounced by priests to the local Virgin, as a land where the dissenting voice of authorities for breaking the law in this respect the heretic was unknown. Had General Primo de and prosecuted. We do not think that a legal de- Rivera been a weaker man they might have suc- cision has yet been given in any of these cases. ceeded in their plans. One wonders whether any On another occasion a Waldensian evangelist was Roman Jesuit has ever dreamed the same dream. prosecuted and condemned for holding a meeting in a private house. There are undoubtedly also It is not surprising that a Church that posmany cases with which we are not familiar. How- sesses temporal power with all that this involves ever, facilities are being granted by the State for should take a hand in politics. Today this is dan- Government recognition. We have no doubt that gerous in Italy for Signor Mussolini will brook no a modus vivendi will be found, and that these dif- interference. In a recent interview with a reficulties which are out of harmony with the lib- porter of Le Journal, he declarederal spirit shown by the Fascist Government will be removed. I wish to see religion everywhere in Italy. Let us teach the children the Catechism; let us send them to Church on After the first enthusiasm over the signing of Sundays, however young they may be. All that I leave the Concordat died away the relations between to the priests. It is religion. The rest is politics and the Vatican and the Italian Government have La politique c'est mai. Politics are what I detennine. I steadily grown worse. They would now seem to will allow no one to interfere in any way with what conhave reached a crisis. Early in June there were cerns the State. My formula is clear. "Everything in the anti-Catholic riots in Rome. Crowds marched State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the through the streets crying "Down with the State." As against the Catholic Party I have given many Pope"; and the Osservatore Romano, the official warnings. The Vatican has been put on its guard against organ of the Vatican, was publicly burnt to the the peril of this extreme policy, which may awaken antistrains of "Giovenezza," the Fascist hymn. Only clerical opinion, the dormant existence of which it well the presence of strong detachments of troops pre- knOWs. vented the rioters from penetrating into the Vatican itself. This manifestation was the sequel to The Vatican City is now a sovereign State, an anti-Catholic campaign throughout Italy and where the Pope rules supreme, but'it will be well the suppression of all branches of the powerful for him to remember that there is only room for Catholic Action association. One rubs one's eyes: one dictator in Italy. can this be Rome, the city of the Concordat? PAPAL GUARDS AT THE VATICAN CITY Some newspapers, hostile to the Fascist regime, have spoken of Sig. Mussolini's "wanton attack on religion," and the Pope himself in an address given on the 20th of June to the Vatican Congregations for the Propagation of the Faith declared the persecution of the Papal Church "as bad in Italy as in Mexico and Soviet Russia." This is fantastic. Signor Mussolini is not the enemy of religion; his whole policy to Roman Catholic and Protestant proves this, but his anti-Catholic campaign was inspired by the instinct of self-preservation. In the ranks of the Fascist party itself there are many devout Catholics with a divided loyalty between Church and State. Dark and hidden forces were at work, and the Italian Premier, rightly or wrongly, saw in the activities of the Catholic Action party a menace to the security of his. regime. A successful coup d'etat in the in- terests of the clerical party would have made the Pope the virtual dictator of Italy and the elimina- tion of interests considered hostile to the Catholic hierarchy would have followed. The Roman Cath- olics of course have denied all that is attributed to them. One remembers, however, the dark dreams of certain Spanish reactionaries who spoke of pre-

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]l.ll.,4P.- "-_._- .D~"'~_ ARABIA, 'fHE GREAT NEGLECTED PENINSULA (See page 105)

Is Arabia Still Neglected?

..:( By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D. ):..

Princeton, New Jersey, One of the Founders of the Arabian Mission PORTY-TWO years ago the whole Arabian writes in the Geographical Journal, London, peninsula, with the excePtion of Aden, was March, 1931: unoccupied missionary territory. One million square miles, four thousand miles of coast, I find it difficult to sum up my impressions of the Hadhramaut, particularly as these impressions are based without one witness for Christ. The death of Ian only on a few short flights over the area, helped to some extent by subsequent examination of the photographs. Keith Falconer left the future of the Scotch Mis- There is no doubt, however, that the Hadhramaut is a place which has a peculiar fascination; the mere fact that sion quite uncertain, and that was the only beacon the greater part of it had never been seen by Europeans shows how isolated it is, yet although isolated, life there, of light across the darkness of thirteen centuries in the cradle of Islam. .

. In 1889 the Arabian Mission of the Reformed according to Arab standards, is highly organized and pros- Church in America was organized and the first perous. There is no doubt that the country is now much missionaries went out. Forty years have brought more civilized than it was when the Bents undertook their great changes. The Persian Gulf coast is now journey in 1894, but although motor cars are now com- mon, and the towns have been peered at from the air, 1 fairly well occupied but the interior of Oman, the think it will be many years before the Hadhramaut loses Province of Hassa, the whole of Nejd, the whole its isolation. of Hadhramaut, the entire West coast is still with- The Arabian Mission called attention to this out established Christian missions. Southern Province thirty-five years ago, but the The latest estimate for the population of Arabia whole of this part of Arabia is still unoccupied.

is seven million. Probably not more than one This comes as a challenge to the Church of Christ.

million of this population are in any sense touched Everything else seems to have found its way into by present-day missionary effort. During the past this part of Arabia, except the Gospel. twenty years the population has doubtless increased. Tribal warfare is no longer as common The first big town is Shibam, standing four-square beas it was in the Nineteenth Century. Health con- tween high walls on a slight rise ~n the ~adi. bed ne.ar the southern cliff. The first and dIstant VIew IS suprls- ditions have improved, especially in mandated ter- ing enough, but a closer inspection shows th.at the need ritories, and through the influence of mission hos- for protection can make houses grow tall q.'llte as effecpitals. We sometimes fail to estimate the educa- tively as high ground rents. W~en one conSIders ~hat the tional v,alue of such medical work in spreading houses are mostly built of mud It seems an amazmg f~at knowledge of elementary hygiene. to design them to withstand the weight of seven stones.

As an indication of the wealth of these towns the Bents The exploration and mapping of the Arabian mention in their book that the Sultan of Shibam's father peninsula has made vast strides during and since had left eleven million rupees to be divided among his the World War. When Hogarth wrote his book, numel'OUS family. The present Sultan's castle is a fine "The Penetration of Arabia," there were still large areas unexplored and unmapped. Since the building standing in extensive date gardens. The next big town, Saiwun, is a complete contrast, for although it is surrounded by a wall much of t~e toW?

time of Doughty the work of men like Lawrence, straggles outside it, and comfortable country VIllas he Shakespeare, Cheeseman, Rutter, Philby, and last but not least, Bertram Thomas, have given us a dotted among the date palms. . . . picture of Arabia and its inhabitants with very From the air, Tarim, with its neighboring villages, comes few gaps remaining. In this respect, Arabia is no longer neglected. close to Saiwun as the largest town in the Hadhramaut, and it is certainly situated in the most attractive sur- Recently word has come of a special expedition roundings. Outside one of the big hous~s one is qu.ite to explore Hadhramaut and the recent Air Recon- likely to see a motor car, which seems odd m a town WhICh naissance of Hadhramaut of which an account is has never been visited by a European. In recent years the demand for cars has been growing, and we were told in Makalla that there are now some fifty or sixty in the Hadhramaut. They are taken to pieces at Makalla, trans- given in the Geographical J oU?'nal leaves the im- ported by camel across the mountains, and re-erected on pression that scarcely anything remains to be dis- arrival. Although the going may be soft there do not covered. R. A. Cochran, the leader of the squad- appear to be any serious obstacles in the way of driving ron which surveyed this part of South Arabia, a car anywhere in the inhabited portion of the Hadhra- maut.

[105]

Is it not a tragedy and a rebuke to read that in and his pupils. But vaccination, as a protection this part of Arabia young Chinese girls are still against smallpox, has spread widely throughout imported as slaves by the wealthy classes and are Bahrain, Kuwait, and the Hasa, and, thanks to then "converted" to Islam? When the African the efforts of King Aziz, has made headway in slave-trade was interfered with by British gun- Nejd and in the Hejaz." boats, this white-slave traffic apparently took its place. There are also many thousands of male It is astonishing that the Minister of Ibn and female Negro slaves in HadhramauU Saoud's Government should pay such high tribute to the work of the American Mission before a The Province of Yemen, the whole of Central distinguished audience in London. Arabia and the Province of Hejaz are still unoccupied mission ter:ritory. King Ibn Saoud has his In his recent book "Alarms and Excursions in own Minister in London, Sheikh Hafidh Wahba, Arabia" Bertram Thomas describes the condition who actually lectured to the Royal Asiatic Society of the tribes in northern and western Oman. No in April last. We are told that, after paying a one can fail to read between the lines the despetribute to all those who braved the hardships and rate needs of these people for medical missions, dangers of travel in Arabia, and mentioning in for education, and for the Gospel. He describes particular the feat of Bertram Thomas in crossing their religious and superstitious practices as the Rab' al Khali, he stated that the modern king- largely animistic, tells how they make medical use dom of Nejd extended from Najran in the south of the Koran, which he calls "the holy pharmacoto Wadi Sirhan and the Salt Villages in the north, poeia of Oman," and how they offer oblations to and from the Persian Gulf in the east to the bor- demons and spirits. ders of the Hejaz in the west–a much greater area than the word "Nejd" originally applied. He If it is true, as Livingstone asserted, that "the described present conditions in the Nejd, stating end of the geographical feat is the beginning of that the population is approximately three mil- the missionary enterprise," then Arabia is still lion, divided into town-dwellers-merchants or neglected in the distribution of the Bread of Life. agriculturists-and Bedawin, who are content to Nothing emphasizes more the need of Arabia for lead a nomadic life and to tend cattle. The town- the Gospel today than 'the astonishing changes dweller is usually more faithful and more intelli- that have taken place in the matter of communigent than the bedu. King Ibn Saoud has resolved cations. The land of the camel has become the to change the life of the Bedawin and to make it land of the motor car. At the beginning of the more orderly and fruitful. To this end he has twentieth century there were no railways or highfounded villages wherever w:ater exists and has ways in the whole country. During the first ordered the Bedawin to dwell therein. To each decade Medina was linked to Damascus and a survillage he has appointed a man of learning, to vey made for a railroad to Mecca which has not teach the people their religion and to explain to yet been completed. During the World War a them their duty towards God, towards the King short railway was constructed between Aden and Lahaj. Aeroplanes have become familiar to the and towards their fellow beings. As a result, the dwellers in the desert and the present King of Arabia has a royal air force. rfelegraph.and teletribes have become so transformed as to be united phone lines, not to speak of wireless stations, contogether in a brotherly love, which earned for nect Mecca with the coast and Baghdad with the interior. Motor cars first came to West Arabia in them the name of Ikhwan, or "Brethren." Such is 1919. Now there is a good road between Jiddah and Mecca, and over one thousand passenger cars the picture painted by a native Sheikh. and buses are registered in the Hejaz. According to "The Near East and India," from Besides the regular route-Beirut to Damascus, which we gather this report, "the lecturer said thence due eastward to Rutbah Wells and to Ramthat the credit for introducing medical treatment adi, and along the Euphrates River to Baghdad- on modern lines in Kuwait, Basrah, and Bahrain the latter city is also accessible to Mediterranean was due to American Missions; in Nejd, to King Ibn Saoud; and in the Hejaz and the Yemen, to ports by a route beginning at Aleppo, Syria, and the Turks. But it is in the sphere of surgery, proceeding via Deir-ez-Zor·to Baghdad. exclusively, that the Arabs have made use of modern science-during the last twenty years or Every year the motor car is penetrating farther so. In the sphere of medicine, the Arabs have into neglected Arabia. Communications between scarcely recognized any merit in modern methods of treatment. The overwhelming majority still re- every part of the Peninsula were never so rapid sort to herbs and rely on the methods of Avicenna and universal. The Arabic press from Cairo, Bei- 1 Lady Kathleen'. "Slavery," pp. 49-46 (London, 1930). rut, Damascus, and Baghdad also reaches every part of the Peninsula. Surely all this is a chal- lenge to hasten the work of evangelization.

Ways of

'fested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~,~~~~~~~~~~~~.~ MISSIONARY EDUCATION How It Was Born way from the appropriate study THROUGH After a time-honored tradi- books of the Missionary Educa- COMPETITIVE READING tion, it owed its birth and early tion Movement to volumes of standard fiction incorporating One of the puzzling problems nurture to the women! For a:d- missionary values, such as "A ministrative purposes, the mIS- Lantern in Her Hand," "Heirs," confronting all mission boards sionary field of the Northern "Red Rust," "Giants in the today is how to readj ust pro- Baptist Church is divided into Earth," etc. For instance, the ten geographical districts. Some motional plans to meet changed years 'back, the women's ~ro?ps home mission portion of the in several of these dIstrIcts conditions. Crusading; double- evolved their own competitive World-Wide Guild list for the quickstep slogans like "The Gos- plans for missionary reading. current year includes "The Chal- lenge of Change," "God and the pel to the Whole World in Twen- pLaartte~r ent hteonf eMwliyssioorngaarnyizEedd~cDae­- ty-five Years" (as in 1816), and Census" "The Adventures of tion was asked to grade, prmt, Mr. F;iend" "Roving with the "The Evangelization of the promote and make national these Migrants," '''Rural Religion and plans which, in the natural evo- World in This Generation" (in lution of a successful movement, the Country Church," "Steeples had become church-wide. At among the Hills:' and '~~he 1888) awakened an expectation present the women's national Laughingest Lady.' .In addItIon which failing of fulfillment, has boards' coope.rate in that they to this there are specIal books on name members to serve on the foreign missions, also inspirareacted in decreased interest and general committee and furnish tional and peace and prohibition the annual awards, but the ad- literature. In each case the comfinancial support. Due to a bet- ministration is in the hands of plete sets or "libraries" may be ter understanding of fundamen- the Board of Education, with purchased outright or built up the church as the local unit. locally by separate purchas~ or tal conditions and also of the gift. Not infrequently varI~us members of the church are wIllmagnitude of the task involved, we are lately glimpsing a new ing to donate volumes for the eiddeuacl~tivoinz., that of specialized (beginning in early youth if possible), as an im- petus'to the world-wide enterprise. Though its prospect ~f achievement is more remote, thIS cumulative building of the sevintensive cultivation of intelli- The Way It Works eral libraries. Miss May Husgence and interest would seem to promise better success. It A list of standard educational ton Associate Secretary of the gears itself up with present day and inspirational missionary Department of Missionary Eduthought and processes and con- books, together with a digest of cation, says: "While not all the stantly gains momentum as it their contents, is brought out books are interesting alike to all advances. each year by the national com- the churches, the diversity is Doubtless every denomination mittee in time for April distribu- such that many letters come to is making its own attempts along tion. These lists are carefully the office telling how much the this line, and the perfect plan- graded and include (1) an Adult readers have enjoyed them. The if such a thing is ever realizable Division for men and women; publishers have become anxi?us -would be a synthesis rather (2) a Young People's Division to have their books on our hsts than a selection; hence it is of with separate sec t ion s for and sometimes even ask us to World-Wide Guilds ('teen age read their manuscripts in adprime value to familiarize our- vance, making their accepta~ce selves with what our denomina- girls), Royal A mba s sad 0 r s of a book depend on our promIse tional neighbors are doing. The (,teen age boys), the Baptist Reading Contest Plan of the to use it in our contest list. The Baptist Board of Education Young People's Union and Bap- publication of good missionary bears its own credentials of eleven years' usage, and may be tist Christian Endeavor groups; books is increasing as a result of the reading program of the vari- (3) a Children's Group inclusive of the Children's World Crusade ous denominations."

and the Junior Societies. The found suggestive by other plan- subject matter is suitably varied Numerical credit values are ning boards. in each section, ranging all the attached to the several volumes [107]

in a list. In general, study books dent membership of the churches to twenty-five points on the Cercount 10 points, other books 5, in the district. In addition to tificate of Missionary Education MISSIONS (the Baptist mission- this, local, associational and issued by the Department of ary monthly) receives 10 points state prizes are given; also spe- Missionary Education. Of the for each issue, and each number cial awards in the several guilds five books, not more than two of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF cooperating, all on the basis of should be Bible books, the latter THE WORLD counts 5. It is note- the credit points of the national being included in each year's worthy that THE REVIEW is the contest. For illustration, in the list, for all groups. only magazine outside of Baptist World-Wide Guild contest, chappublication included in the con- ters qualifying by having five Competition for these awards test list. books read individually (group is keen, districts and their sub- reading not allowed) by every divisions vying with each other The reading list of each new member of the chapter-two in the accumulation of credit year is added to the total of all home, two foreign and one in- points. As all departments of preceding years; so this huge spirational, will receive for the the local church contribute tomissionary snowball goes on ward its grand total, wonderful rolling, new readers of the old first year a sepia print of Hoff- teamwork and a fine spirit of books acquiring the credit points man's "Head of Christ"; for the group cooperation develops. In the same as in the case of vol- second year, Plockhorst's "The a recent letter to the writer, umes for the current year. Good Shepherd"; for the third Miss Huston says: year, Raphael's "Sistine Madon- Organizational Machinery na"; for the fourth year, "The When the department first took over Madonna of the Chair"; for the this work there was a question in our A Contest Secretary is ap- fifth year, HoI man Hunt's minds whether the reading would inpointed in every cooperating "Light of the World" etc., terfere with the study program. As church. This person (usually a through a period of twelve suc- there has also been an increase in woman) promotes the plans in cessive years. Adults reading the number of study classes during the all departments, though the as- the Junior missionary books to years, we have decided that it has sistance of a committee is usual- the children are credited with helped rather than retarded that phase ly necessary in the I a r g e r the same number of points as are of the work. Another thing which we churches. Contest Secretaries given to the children. In the Pri- questioned was the wisdom of countreport to Associational Secreta- mary and Nursery grades, the ing points and giving a prize. This ries charged with the work, and children only receive the credit. however, seemed to be stimulating inthese, in turn, report to State While it is recommended that terest and certainly the circulation of Secretaries, the latter sending readers follow the same list new books which constituted the prize their reports to the Associate throughout, books in one graded would do good. We have found that Secretary of the Department of list may usually be substituted many of the states and even associa- Missionary Education for publi- for those in another. Churches tion groups have given books as prizes cation in the annual handbook. reaching the higher standard of to churches which have done special Of course this machinery works five per cent of their resident equally well from above down- membership reading five mis- work, and this also has added to the ward, for all promotional pur- sionary books each are entitled poses. It may be added that the circulation of missionary books. The regular organizational machinery of national, district, state steady gain has seemed to be the most and local agencies is ably supplemented by the staff of 1,666 vol- encouraging feature about it. unteer workers in the department, making continuous efforts A Peep Into the "Works" to get the latest plans, methods and materials across to the To continue with Miss Huschurches. Well frained, though ton: unsalaried, many of these workers exercise initiative and roll up In the local church a vigorous readresults not always paralleled by ing program usually starts with the salaried officials. appointment of a woman to head up the work. I always instruct them to Prizes and Awards make an inventory of the books al- ready in the church or Sunday School A prize of five traveling libra- library, find out what listed books are ries of ten books each is awarded available in the homes of the members by the Women's Home and For- and make a visit to the public library eign Boards to the districts se- to find what volumes are available curing the largest number of there. Members of the church often points in proportion to the resi- contribute books from their private li- braries in order to make them avail- able for the whole church.

It is very important to make new books available to the readers. This can be done in a number of ways. Probably the women's societies are re- sponsible for buying more of the new books than anyone else, inasmuch as they feel responsibility for furnishing the young women and children with interesting material; but organized Sunday School classes or Sunday Schools themselves often vote money for this purpose. Individuals are en-

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

listed and in some cases an amount is Figures, like actions, "speak The Sunday School Missionary regularly put into the church budget for this purpo!>e. louder than words." Surely the Ladder. For a ladder-climbing plan has approved itself. it ably contest, have a carpenter make a After the books are secured, various methods are adopted for keeping real ladder of 10 or more rungs. the records. It will be readily recog- supplements and extends those Place it in the Sunday School. nized that unless some one is on the of the Missionary Education job continually, the books will be scat- Movement, in which twenty-two Put the name of one book on tered in different homes and lost track denominations are now cooperat- each rung. As a book is read, of or will remain in the library with- ing. Incidentally it may be statout much use. Both of these things the name of the reader is placed must be avoided. The Reading Con- ed that Baptists are the second test Secretary must know where the largest users of the United on a tag and attached to that books are and keep records of th" Study books. rung. The one who climbs the ladder first is the one who has readers. Some use posters on which read all the books first. If a they place a star of some color for the reading of single books and pos- A Glimpse Through the Field prize is announced, give a missibly a gold star for those who have Glass sionary book.

read five books. In the case of one One of our leading missionary The Circle Race Up the Steps. church there was a contest between adults and the younger groups, includ- administrators recently stated Have a simple, manila-pa-r>er ing young people and juniors, but the sketch of a broad flight of steps reports were brought in at the mis- that provincialism and lack of on which are poised, lightly perspective constitute the greatsionary meeting once each month. est world-wide problem the gummed, pictures of jauntily They had a thermometer drawn on Church has to face today. A dressed women (cut from fash- cardboard with the number of points marked off by thousands, and made deeper understanding of the ion plates) bearing on their the red lines with crayons as the vari- other great ethnic faiths is absoous reports came in. This church en- lutely necessary for an adequate backs the names or numbers of tered into the reading program with conception of the missionary the several circles into which the great interest for a year and followed woman's society is divided, and it with a much better educational pro- task-yes, and a confidence, born which are in competition for gram than they had previously ever of intimate knowledge, that the "points" gained in missionary thought of having. Christian message holds its su- reading, each step representing premacy in meeting the most di- There are, of course, some things a definite advance in points. which are not ideal. We try to keep Great excitement prevails at people from reading merely for the verse needs. In this crucial pe- each monthly meeting to see sake of reporting points. We realize riod of inflamed race prejudice "how far up our circle has gone." The one reaching the top a church which is striving for a record and rampant nationalism, the may err along this line. time is ripe to activate the mes- "The Proof of the Pudding" sage of the Master that all men first may receive her choice of a are potentially brothers and book from the reading list. Realizing that the intangible results which it is impossible to must learn to live together. Our Dramatizing the Reading List. tabulate are often the most po- program, though broad, is not The Contest Secretary enters tent, we may yet gain an ap- yet big enough for the condi- dressed in cap and gown and proximate idea of the working tions. We must have more in- carrying an armful of the curefficiency of this plan by com- telligence as to actual conditions. rent books on which she is mediparative statistics over a period It is our conviction that the re- tating. She paces the platform of eight years, some of the earli- cent move for church-wide miser details being incomplete. sionary education is the most im- in a brown study, thinkiIl4J portant advance in our genera- aloud. Presently her dreams Persons reading 5 tion, and it is calculated to go are materialized, as she calls far toward halting current re- reminiscently for "Peter, Bingo Year missionary books cessions in both interest and con- and Those Others" (Edward 1922-1923 .. , …. … 6,262 tributions. Seaman)-and in from a side room runs a little five-year- 1923-1924 ………. 7,888 A POTPOURRI OF PROMO- old leading his rollicking collie TIONAL PLANS dog, this brief dialog ensuing: 1924-1925 ………. 10,143 "I'm so glad to see you, Peter, Well-seasoned met hod s for and your dog, too. (Shakes hands 1925-1926 ………. 21,319 1926-1927 ………. 35,994 1927-1928 ………. 44,102 1929-1930 ………. 51,462 1930-1931 ………. 59,387 This table does not include popularizing missionary litera- with both.) That was a fine those who read less than five ture are herein assembled from thing you did in your book. How books per year. In 1925-1926, a wide range of denominational did you become willing to sell there were 82,483 readers of at sources, with the assurance that your dog?" least one book reported, 260,053 most of them are available with Peter: "0, I just knew the books read and 3,324,786 points other subject matter and in all Bishop needed money and I had reported. In 1930-1931, the num- departments of church life. RE- none, so I did the only thing I ber of readers had increased to MEMBER THAT EYE-GATE HAS. could think of to get some for 199,620, the number of books No NEAR COMPETITOR AS A PORT him. I sold my dog." (Exit read to 1,077,432, and the num- OF ENTRY TO THE CITY OF UN- Peter and his collie.) ber of points won to 9,131,744. DERSTANDING. Similarly the secretary sum-

mons a young college man to im- Around Our Library Table, or salt of the earth; two level teapersonate and review "Larry" The Animated Catalogue. The spoonfuls Literature Subscrip- (by Himself) ; a young married former consists of a series of tion Plan ($1.00 per'year bring- brief reviews of the best miswoman for "Heirs" (Cannon); sionary books, given by a circle ing all the new leaflets as they a real Salvation Army lass to de- of good "reporters" sit tin g scribe and emphasize "God in come from a certain denominathe Slums" (Redwood), etc. As around a literature-filled table a close, this highly imaginative and brought into action by the tional press); one cup proper secretary tells where all the librarian (leader). The latter js books may be obtained. The the same plan with a more imag- circulation of saine; one cup finecircle leaders having them in ly chopped reading; two eggscharge were simply swamped inative touch, the various publi- subscription to THE REVIEW. with applications, especially for cations coming to life and speak- Cream thoroughly first five in- "Peter." ing in the first person, as, "I gredients. Add Literature Sub- scription Plan. Then whip in Contest Devices. S t ret c h a represent the experiences of a the circulation and reading (as wire about six feet long on one real worker in the slums" etc. cake would fall flat without side of the room, goals being these) ; fold in the SUbscriptions The literature thus exploited to THE REVIEW; flavor with in- should "sell itself" (or loan it- spiration from Bible reading. Bake in executive committee self) at the close of the meeting.

marked at intervals for books A Grab-Bag Review. Publica- meeting. Cover top and sides read. Gay automobiles cut from tions passed around at the close with icing as follows: One teamagazines and bearing individ- of one meeting and drawn, hit spoonful eI).ergy, four tableual readers' names are attached or miss, from an attractive bag, spoonfuls keen thinking; add disto the wire by means of gummed are studied and reviewed by cussion; spread, then sprinkle (Dennison) hooks at the back, their several recipients at the generously with devotion." At and moved along in accord with next meeting. this point sample the cake by as- their owners' progress. Story Hour in the Mission suming to cut it, then serve some Circle. An occasional meeting at of its contents by having spicy Draw on a large sheet of card- which the best missionary narboard a sketch of a leafless tree, ratives, with or without camp- reviews of new literature taken fire device, are given by good from the interior of the cake. the trunk being named for the Such reviews must have been society, each branch for a group narrators. well prepared and "baked" beor circle therein and each twig forehand. This device is an atfor a member. As books are tractive one for an entire pro- gram featuring new study and read, attach to the reader's twig Inverted Birthday Gifts. This reading books as well as leaflets. a bright leaf cut from crepe is a good plan in the assembling "Samples" may well be passed paper. around for purchase or home of a missionary reading list or reading. Choose sides and have a study book question contest, the losing library. Have a list of the birth- Stimulating the Reports from side paying into the treasury a days of the membership. When Children certain amount to expend on each person's natal day comes next year's study books. As a rule, children are care- around, instead of receiving less as to reporting credits for "A penny for your thoughts." gifts, the person makes one to books read. This device has been l1ivide into sides. Have a deco- found excellent: Add a cardrated box or child's bank into the mission circle, guild or other board handle to an ordinary which a penny is dropped for group, a missionary book of ap- flower basket mounted on cardeach book read by that side, the resulting fund being expended proved character or from a desfor more books. ignated list being required. In- cidentally, the reaction is good for the donor.

Pin questions on the study Recipe for a Delicious Litera- board backing in such a way that book chapter under considera- ture Cake. A Mission Study the top is open enough to slip tion, on the backs of the mem- Caterer gives a bright, snappy flowers in. Make a cardboard bers and have them circulate talk incorporating the ingredi- flower for each member of the freely during the social hour. ents as she describes the cake- group, writing her name on the No woman may be seated for re- illustrated by a large imitation stem and pasting her kodak picfreshments until she has been one made up with gold and white ture or a head cut from a maga- able to answer and so unpin at tissue paper, etc., in imitation of zine, in the heart of the flower. least one question from some frosted gold cake. "One-third A petal is added for each book of a cup of oil on troubled wa- read. Boys do not care especialone's back. Have a review of one book on ters; three-fourths cup of hu- ly for flowers, so each lad is inthe reading list given in the man kindness; one and one-half structed to make his own quiver opening exercises at each pro- cup s of 'flowers – while – the- (tinting it with brown crayon to gram meeting. In this way at friends-yet-live' ; two cups syrup resemble bark) into which he least ten books are presented in of remembrance of missionary may stick an arrow for each vol- workers; one-half teaspoonful ume read. outline each year.

Women's Home and Foreign

HELEN M. BruCKMAN, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK; COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK; FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA '''l1li OUR RED BROTHERS "paternalistic policy" took away We neglect to distinguish be- A Study in Contrasts natural incentive. What man is tween those who do cling to the going to work for food and By Jennie Cartland Callister clothing when it will fall into his past, to the ceremonies of their lap if he waits for it? This One who makes any serious policy led to what has been called tribes, and the Indians who think study of the American Indians "the lethargy of expectancy." is struck by the fact that it is a Do we not owe to these less in- of themselves as American citistudy in contrasts. Whatever teresting tribes an even greater phase of life is considered, one zens and have grown away from finds these striking contrasts. debt? the primitive customs of their Too much has been said in the Many of us forget that there past about the few wealthy In- were different types of Indians people. dians, so that uninformed peo- in this country when the white ple will say in all sincerity, man came, Indian nations with There is much which is pictur- "Why, I thought the Indians, entirely different habits of life were rich-from oil." The in- and thought. Many were,and esque and beautiful in the old come of those who suddenly be- some still are, as different as came wealthy some years ago is Englishmen and Frenchmen. It customs of some tribes. Take, decreasing year by year and it is is interesting to know that some a question whether the last state of them do not think of them- for example, the "Green Corn of those Indians will not be selves as "Indians" but acknowl- Feast" of the Senecas. It is worse than the first. With edge only their tribal name. Mr. really a thanksgiving ceremony, neither experience nor training Lindquist tells a story which though it is celebrated in August in the use of money, they have illustrates this. He was visiting and lasts four days. They bring been the prey not only of un- an Indian school. The superin- the best of their fruits, grains scrupulous whites but of their tendent introduced him as one and vegetables, which are piled own foolish fancies and baser who had for years been inter- around a beautiful oak tree in a emotions so that wealth, which ested in Indians. The boys large space surrounded by high we usually consider a blessing, looked at each other blankly, bluffs. Here the ceremonies take has to most of them been a then one of them said, "Does he place-the enumerating of all curse. mean Choctaw?" their blessings, the naming and blessing of the babies by the In contrast to the very few As various tribes were pushed chief, the dances with their difwealthy Indians are the great from the places that the white ferent phases-friendship, sunmajority, so poor that life is at man wanted, they were eventu- shine and growing things. Then best merely a precarious exist- ally located near to each other- the products of their fields and ence. There is nothing of the in Oklahoma, especially. Though gardens are given away, their romantic we so like to associate they had inherited not only dif- best! (Many of the Senecas are with Indians to be found in these ferent languages and thought very poor.) groups. Dirty, diseased and dis- "patterns" and also, in some couraged, they are far from pic- cases, tribal feuds that had last- We like to hear about these turesque. Many people, some ed for generations, they were interesting customs. The danger Christians, refuse to accept any expected to adjust themselves to is that we shall expect, if not responsibility for such as these, these difficulties and at the same demand, the picturesque, forgetmerely shrugging aside the time to adopt the white man's ting that we are now training whole matter by calling them civilization. What a task to thrust Indian young people, the leaders "shiftless and lazy" ! Who made upon a primitive people! Some of tomorrow, to take their places them so? Who took away their of them have clung tenaciously in our civilization. Sometimes natural economic basis of living? to the customs of their ancestors, we ask young Indians who have The original attempts of the while others are practically as- never in their lives worn clothgovernment to right the wrong similated into our civilization; ing essentially different from only made matters worse. The And that leads us to another of ours, to don "war bonnets" and the contrasts. beaded suits for our entertain- ment. If we do this for publicity purposes, we should at least rec- ognize the fact that it may be quite as much "out of character" for them as it would be for us to appear in the garb of our Puritan or Pilgrim ancestors!

[111]

Would that more of us could ed. This is a splendid interde- child feeding and the care of appreciate the situation in which nominational project that we can women and children. Health and the young Indians find them- carry on hand in hand, thus giv- body clinics emphasize the pre- selves today! They are caught ing Christian leadership to the vention of diseases as well as its between two civilizations, each Indian boys and girls who need cure. with its pull on their lives, and guidance and who need love. in many circumstances the two Union Medical School, VeIlore, influences are pulling in exactly WOMEN'S UNION COLLEGES India. This school, built up opposite directions. Consider the IN THE ORIENT through years of hard work, is case of a young girl who goes The story of the seven Union a monument to the splendid efhome from boarding school for Christian Colleges of the Orient fort of Dr. Ida 'Scudder, who is vacation to find that her rela- still the guiding spirit of the tives have arranged for her mar- is well known to the women of -institution. A hospital and dis- America who have followed with pensary in Vellore are part of riage to someone whom she does interest the organization of the its program, which includes a not even know. Respect for par- colleges, five of them during war nurses' training school and an ents and grandparents is a car- years and two as they have de- out-patient department, wit h dinal virtue in some tribes. Great veloped from high schools and roadside clinics for forty miles pressure is brought to bear. post-graduate high schools over in every direction from VeHore. Shall she yield 1 If she does, it a period of twenty-five years. Some new buildings have been will probably mean the end of The story of the campaign, built and more are in the process her hope of becoming a "real when the women of America of construction. American citizen." Some girls raised two million dollars and run away from the dilemma, only claimed a third million from the Isabella Tho burn College, Luckto face other and, in some cases, Laura S p e 11 man Rockefeller now, India. This college is the fund to secure buildings and oldest woman's college in all of worse difficulties. equipment for these colleges, is Asia and its standing is unques- equally familiar. The years have tioned throughout North India. Constantly our young Indians passed, the buildings have been It has government recognition, must make choices. White lead- built, the colleges have increased as the woman's college connected ers need sympathetic insight in in enrollment, have broadened in with the University of Lucknow guiding them during these criti- scope and have been strength- and the women of Isabella Thocal years when "they have lost ened by the leadership they have burn vie for honors with the much of the old Indian culture produced. men of the university and in the without having fully assimilated majority of cases come out with white standards." Let us not Ginling College, Nan kin g , the lion's share. lose sight of the fact that there China. Dr. Yi-Fang Wu, the new is something of the Indian cul- president, a graduate of Ginling, Woman's Christian College, ture worth saving. The young who took her master's and doc- Madras, India. This college has people should be encouraged to tor's degrees at the University perhaps the most beautiful setfeel that theirs is a noble race of Michigan, is doing an out- ting, with trees, gardens a~d with a real contribution to make standing piece of work not only stately buildings. The chapel IS at Ginling, where she has won to our American life. the confidence of both faculty in itself a real mosaic. and students, but in government Here again the students vie Among those who have caught educational circles, where her a vision for these young people position is established and her for honors with the men stuand are trying to help them real- counsels valued. dents of the University of Maize it, are the Religious Work dras. A strong science depart- Directors of the Government Yenching College, P e i pin g , ment gives adequate preparation Boarding Schools. Not long ago China. Here many new experi- for students planning to go into a list of questions was sent to ments in ,education are being medicine. Homemakers receive these directors, among them this tried out and much research excellent training, and already one, "What seems to you to be work done on which the future this college is responsible for the the outstanding need of the boys education in China will be built. establishment of St. Christoand girls 1" One director an- T h r 0 ugh the Department of pher's College, which speci!lJ~zes swered, "Someone to love them." Home Economics, homemakers in all grades of teacher trammg. and teachers of homemaking are Someone to love them! Can't being trained. Religion and so- Women's Christian College, we love them, the lovely and the cial service occupy a prominent Tokyo, Japan. Over four hununlovely, the picturesque and the place in the college curriculum. dred students are enrolled this year in the Women's College of prosaic1 Most of us will have to do it at "long range," but one Japan, and the faculty, c?nsistway that we can show we do ing of about seventy full-tIme or care is to keep the Religious Work Directors in the schools Shantung University, Tsinan, part-time teachers, i~cludes onl~ where we now have them and China. Our interest here is cen- six Americans. PresIdent Yasul make it possible to place more tered around the training of is the outstanding woman eduwhere they are desperately need- women doctors who specialize in cator of Japan and a strong

WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

Christian influence in the college. fessional Women, W.C.T.U., the the Women's International Or- The students are living out the National Committee on the Cause ganizations, functioning in Gecollege motto of "Sacrifice and and Cure of War, International neva close to the League's Sec- Service" in their work for the Association of University Wom- retariat, has an immense task in less fortunate children of Tokyo. en and International Women's informing its member organiza- The graduates 0 c cup y many Cooperative Guild are the eleven tions how women may best coprominent positions in schools organizations which have united operate in making the Disarmaand in altruistic fields. A new in the formation of this commit- ment Conference a success. administration building has just tee for the purpose of promoting been completed and the most the success of the World Dis- Here is a great call to strenupressing need now is for a armament Conference. This com- ous effort. Disarmament is rechapel. mittee has its headquarters at quired not only to prevent actual Geneva, and its aim is to stimu- war but to direct enormous, non- There are many union institu- late and to concentrate the work productive, destructive expenditions in the Orient, but these for disarmament which women tures into productive, construcseven are the institutions in are carrying on throughout the tive channels. Let us not only which the great body of church world with such earnestness and rid ourselves of war, but of prepwomen of America have cen- zeal. Thus it represents many arations for war. Sign disarmatered their interest over a period millions of women of all nations, ment petitions; join an organiof many years. The need con- for whom the question of dis- zation which keeps you informed tinues and the task grows. More armament is one of the most im- of what you can do; read the responsibility is taken nationally portant the world has ever had newspapers; attend meetings; in China, India and Japan, and to consider. study the difficult issues; realize close examination shows that the that you are a citizen and let individual student in most cases At its first meeting in Septem- your government know how you bears about the same share of ber, 1931, the committee passed feel; and send a contribution, the expense of her education as the following resolution, which however small, to the Disarmadoes her American sister. En- was sent to the delegates of the ment Committee of the Women's dowments are lacking, and this League Assembly: International Organizations, 2, fact increases the amount needed Rue Daniel-Colladon, 2, Geneva to meet the current budget and The great international organiza- (Switzerland) to help carryon makes help from over the water tions of women assembled at a meet- its work effectively. ing of their special committee for imperative. united action in support of disarma- INTERNATIONAL EXHIBIT ment, beg to express their whole- And so we, whose daughters hearted support of the forthcoming An International Exhibit has partake of the educational feast Disarmament Conference and their been opened at 746 Fifth Avespread out by a thousand col- earnest desire for its success. They nue, New York City. leges, reach out in love and pledge themselves, by every means in friendship to our sisters across their power, to help in organizing the The store which has been given the sea, and through these seven vast and growing public opinion in for this exhibit is most attraccolleges for women give to them favor of the Conference and of the tively and effectively decorated some of the opportunities for the realization of the world-wide cry for and arranged as a center of indevelopment of Christian leader- disarmament and security. formation on the Conference for ship, the training of mind and the Limitation and Reduction of body which have been given to Women demand disarmament Armaments and questions reus and to those we love. and, as a first step, they ask for lated to it. an effective reduction of arma- DISARMAMENT COMMITTEE ments. At the same time they Pamphlets, periodicals, books OF THE WOMEN'S INTERNA- are convinced that the first arms and posters dealing with current to lay down are hatred and sus- international affairs and the Dis- TIONAL ORGANIZATIONS picion. It is with inner moral armament Conference as well as disarmament that one has to economic interdependence are on The Disarmament Committee begin. Women are specially quali- sale. Expert advice on literature, of the Women's International fied for this task, and it can be exhibit material and special pro- Organizations rep res en ts the their greatest contribution to the grams for club groups is availgreatest concerted action that work of disarmament. able. There is a children's corner women have ever undertaken. with suggestions for books and The International Council of A great impetus to the effort handcraft. Industrial exhibits Women, Universal Alliance of of women was given by the Span- are being displayed by many the Y. W. C. A., International Al- ish resolution adopted by the As- leading corporations, showing liance of Women for Suffrage sembly on September 24, 1931, the international scope of the and Equal Citizenship, Women's requesting "the Council to exam- work. International League for Peace ine the possibility of increasing and Freedom, World Woman's the collaboration of women in A center of this sort can be of Peace Union, European Union of the work of the League of Na- great educational value and a Soroptimist Clubs, International tions. This has special bearing' real aid in the creation of inter- Federation of Business and Pro- on the Disarmament Conference. est in world peace. The Disarmament Committee of

THE KINGDOM OF GOD people signed cards as inquirers. The following are some of the CAMPAIGN by-products of the movement to Some of these meetings were date: By William Axling Secretary of the National Chris- really monster meetings with It has created among the Christian forces of the Empire tian Council of Japan the attendance running as high a spirit of cooperation .and soli- darity which did not eXIst before The Kingdom of God Cam- as 2,000 at a single service. the movement was launched. paign starte~ its .sec?nd year The ninety district committees with four maJor obJectIves. Third: The third objective has that have been organized under its auspices have brought the First: Through the holding been to project the movement Christians of the cities and of of Training Conferences for the provinces in which these Christians to mobilize for the into the neglected rural area by committees are functioning into movement the laity of the church very close working relations and and to train them for active promoting and conducting Peas- given them a new consciousness participation in the movement. of the fact that they are one, ant Gospel Schools. As a pro- with a common Lord, a common With this in view two mass Gospel and a common goal. training conferences were held motional measure a conference early in the year, one in Tokyo Another by-product of the for the area including Tokyo and for the training of people to con- movement has been a broadenthe territory to the north and ing of the vision ?~ those. wl,lo one at Nara for the Osaka- duct Peasant Gospel Schools was have actively partICIpated mIt, Kyoto-Kobe district and the sur- and a re-interpretation of their rounding territory. One thou- held in Tokyo in April. Over task in terms of a more practical sand four hundred and fifty lay- Gospel and a Christiani.ty apmen and lay-women attended 100 delegates, most of them of- plied to the problems whIch are these conferences. These dele- distressing our modern world. gates were sent by the churches ficially appointed by the denomiin the areas covered by the con- An 0 the r far-reaching byference and have proved a tre- nation with which they are con- product has been the creation mendous force in creating inter- among the Christians of other est in the campaign in their re- nected, attended this conference. nations of a new interest in the spective churches and localities. Christian movement in this land Such Christian rural special- and especially a new interest in Following these two mass con- the progress of the indig~no~s ferences, con fer e n c e s of a ists as Messrs. Sugiyama, Kuri- Christian Church here whIch IS similar character have been held fast reaching full manhood. in a great many of the provinces bara, Mas s a k i, Kurabayashi, of the Empire, with representa- Letters come from all quarters tives from all of the churches in Yabe, Takizawa and Kagawa, of the world expressing a deep the province in attendance. interest in this Kingdom of God out of their own experience Campaign, assuring us of the Second: Another objective has prayers of a large number of been that of continuing the mass placed before these delegates the people in the various nations and evangelistic m e e tin g s which asking for information to pass were started last year. Dr. Kaga- purpose, the technique, the on to many who are eager to wa of course, has been the cen- know how the movement is trai figure in this particular course of study and other mat- progressing. p has e of the movement, but there have been a large number ters pertaining to the conduct In a very real sense the Camof pastors, as well as laymen, who all over the Empire have of a successful Gospel School. paign is thus creating not only served as evangels in meetings for the public at large. The Kingdom of God Cam- a new solidarity within the . Statistics have not as yet been paign has also provided speakers Christian forces of the Japanese gathered to cover this phase of the work for the current year, for quite a large number of Empire, but is creating a sense so it is impossible to report the number of meetings held and Peasant Gospel Schools that of sol ida r i t y between the their results. have already been held this year. churches of the west and the Dr. Kagawa covered the Tohoku fairly well and had some However, the movement only churches of this land. wonderful meetings in the Hok- Imido. During the twenty days' provides speakers for Gospel The movement needs your campaign there over 2,000 Schools that are cooperative in constant and passionate prayers.

character; that is, it will not It is packed with large poten- send speakers to schools that are tialities, but only prayer and the under purely denominational work of God's spirit can bring auspices. these to realization.

Fourth: The fourth objective this year is that of following up campaigns that have been held in the past with a view to con- serving their results. Quite a number of such follow-up cam- paigns have been held and each district committee, with this as a goal, is encouraged to put on special meetings for special groups, such as meetings for st~­ dents for educators, for bUSI- ness :nen, for working men, etc.

The Kingdom of God Weekly has held its own both as to cir- culation and content and about 3ev0~0r0y0 copies are published week. The launching of this evangelistic medium and the wide circulation which it has at- tained in so short a time is one of the outstanding achievements of this campaign thus far. Our W orld,Vide Outlook A Missionary N.ewspaper of Cu.rrent Events CHINA They do not have a single blank- packed to its utmost limits every day. et or change of clothing. The Standing room was even at a pre- Wrestling with Flood Perils chill winds will be exceedingly mium, and the addresses were broad- difficult for families with little cast by loud speakers to large audi- A unique factor of a Yangtze children. The entire Christian ences in the courtyard of the church. flood is its duration in time as community over a wide area has It was noteworthy that so many of well as extent in space. It is now been reduced to poverty by those who attended were young laynormal behavior for this great bandits and civil war. All men and women. stream to remain high for four buildings at Kienning have been or five months each year. This at least partially destroyed, and . Following the conference, four evematters little so long as it re- the mission safe, with the deeds mngs devoted to evangelistic work mains below the dike level, as it and accounts, and cash, has been were arranged, admission free. The does in ordinary years, but when looted, reports the pastor of a first of these was held on Sunday in it overflows the dikes and fills church' at Kienning. He lost the Lee Gardens. By the aid of loud all the valley, this slow recession everything he possessed, and speakers, the addresses were audible of the waters extends greatly the started out again in a borrowed in every part of the Gardens. It is estiperiod of distress. This means suit of clothes, to go back to his mated that there must have been fully no winter crops throughout most field and direct the work of res- ten thousand people present, and a of the valley, and the total de- toration. feature was the reverent attitude of struction of almost all buildings -American Board of Commis- all present. standing in water. sioners for Foreign Missions. These gatherings are the biggest of Relief organizations are oper- An Unusual Conference their kind ever held in China. All ating so efficiently now that delegates meet their own expenses, there is no word of actual star- Mrs. Arthur Lindquist, of the while at the same time contributing vation or acute distress, though Swedish American Mission, Can- toward the general expenses. No apthe deaths from disease remain ton, China, reports some most peal is made for funds, and on only high, despite heroic efforts by unusual gatherings for Bible one evening are envelopes distributed the medical services. The gov- study and evangelism. Bible for the free will offerings. ernment has asked medical conferences were held for ten schools to suspend work for days at both Hongkong and Can- A United Church in China three months in order that their ton for the deepening of spiritfaculties and advanced students ual life in the Chinese Church. When the Church of Christ in may be released for work in the These were conducted by the na- China was organized it was a devastated regions. tive Chinese churches. heterogeneous group with vary- ing backgrounds and origins, The hard pull is ahead when Before the first conference representing the work of fourthe coming of winter coincides was held it was felt that if fifty teen missionary societies with with' the exhaustion of local or one hundred teachers, pas- varying systems of church polstocks of grain. It is still too tors, and evange.Iists could be ity. The synods were scattered early for the collection of ac- gathered it would be worth all over China speaking varying curate information as to the while. To the surprise of all dialects and, with the exception totals which will be required. great numbers came in spite of of a very few of the Chinese pas- the terrific heat of midsummer tors and church leaders, were -The Christian Century. in the tropics. very little acquainted with each other. The two triennial meet- Self-forgetfulness and Courage From the South China Morn- ings of the General Assembly ing Post the following para- and these General Workers' Con- "Facing destruction, many graphs refer to the gathering at ferences have created opportunileaders have displayed self-for- Hongkong: ties for the unifying spirit of getfulness and courage. Prac- our Lord to manifest His gratically all the well-to-do families The annual Pooi-Ling Bible Confer- cious work. Out of these assemin our Christian community ~nce, an interdenominational gatherhave been robbed, held for ran- mg arranged by the Protestant a blies and conferences and resom, and forced to pay large churches, aims at the deepening of sums of money. The Director of spiritual life among Christian work- treats there is emerging· Religious Education and his ers. church which is not only united wife are living in the ruins of in name and in aim, but also in their once modern little home. The meetings were marked by pro- spirit and in service. It is a great found interest on the part of the Chi- privilege to see these integrating nese, Saint Paul's Church being forces at work and to observe the process of becoming a [115] church which is spiritually, es- sentially and actually one.

-A. R. Kepler. Bandit Rescues a Missionary are a mass of sentimentality or and a debauchee in spite of his Mr. Lacey Sites, of the Amer- filth. It is time that America excellent education. His sins ican Methodist Mission, Fukien, showed at least as much good brought him to attempted suiwho was taken captive and held judgment as the Chinese. cide and delirium tremens. The for ransom by Chinese bandits Chinese Responsibility bullet missed his brain yet left that infest that province gained him lying for a long time be- his liberty a week later. No The staff of the Protestant tween life and death. A Japanransom money was paid. He Episcopal Mission at Anking is ese pastor led him to the Cross. was rescued by a young bandit almost entirely Chinese. The His deliverance was immediate leader who, with a hundred fol- foreign members are: one bish- and his transformation comlowers, scoured the hills for four op and one foreign priest, one plete. This has so impressed the days in search of the missing doctor and two nurses, two busi- university officials and hospital missionary. This young bandit ness women, three sisters, two surgeon under whom he serves, had attended a missionary meet- men teachers. The Chinese staff that indifferent as they are to ing addressed by Mr. Sites, and includes: 31 Chinese priests, the claims of Christ on themhad been so impressed that he 18 catechists, 96 teachers, 3 doc- selves, they allow him to hold had exp'ressed a desire to change tors, 2 sisters. Bishop Hunting- meetings with patients, nurses his mode of life. He left after a ton writes: and office staff. Some thirty- short conversation with the mis- The object of the Anking mission five souls gather weekly to pray sionary and no particular impor- has always been to merge itself in the and praise and listen. Chinese Church, and the troubles of tance was attached to the inci- recent years have hastened it. Chi- For Peace and Progress dent at the time. This bandit, nese workers are now in charge of hearing of Mr. Sites' capture, nearly everything in the diocese. The Christian conscience in immediately called his followers Every church, every school, and even Japan is aroused to the menace together and went in pursuit. the hospital, are under Chinese heads. of the present Sino-Japanese They found the missionary in a The bishop and the diocesan treasurer dispute. The National Christian small house, closely guarded, are Americans. Council of Japan, representing surrounded the house, effected practically all Protestant Chrishis release, and brought him I hope, and my Chinese brethren tians in the land, unanimously home in a sedan chair. share the hope, that we shall not be passed a strong resolution con- forced into making another jump too taining the following declara- China Motion Picture Control suddenly. In any event the Church tions: in China, in spite of her troubles, is Immorality, murder and rob- going on to meet her new problems, In view of the Manchurian incibery are promoted by many mo- stronger and more vigorous than dent we feel a deep sense of selftion picture films. The life of ever. reproach that the spirit of world JAPAN-CHOSEN many peoples, including Ameri- Japan Evangelistic Band peace, based on brotherly love which cans, is grossly misrepresented we constantly advocate, does not per- In Kobe there are nearly a by films exported to other coun- dozen little churches, all self- vade the world's life. We pledge ourtries. In order to insure against selves to new endeavor in behalf of peace in the Orient and throughout this the Chinese ministry of supporting, the result of the the world. May the conception of jusfinance has instructed the cus- work of the Japan Evangelistic tice, friendship and love be deep-going toms administration to prohibit Band. Their total annual offerthe export of Chinese films un- ings amount to over three thou- and rule the hearts Df all who are concerned with this problem, and lead to an early solution of the difficulty, less previously approved by the sand dollars. One is a mission- thus eradicating the roots of the con- ary church, the members of troversy between Japan and China. national film censorship commis- • . . We earnestly desire the pray- which are Koreans. Another sion. China insists that the group of country s tat ion s ers and cooperation of our brethren movies made in that country in Christ and of all peace movements shall fairly represent the Chi- around the city of Okayama are everywhere. nese people. America permits all self-supporting and guided by The present international sitthe exportation of the worst of Mr. Sato, an old Band member. uation, the increasingly desper- Hollywood pictures without in- There is still another group, ate industrial and social conditerference, and has instituted a thirteen in number, scattered tions in Japan, and the fact that bureau whose function it is to through the country. These too 40,000,000 rural people in 12,000 increase the sale of American are self-supporting. A larger Japanese villages have not been films abroad no matter how group of twenty-six little con- touched as yet by Christian efmuch they may damage Ameri- gregations lying between Kobe forts is enough to convince the ca's reputation. Alternating and the west coast of Japan are most skeptical of the need for a with the gangster films are those the result of the Forward Move- united Christian front to the of low moral standards, depict.:. ment. evils of the day. An evidence of ing men as not only not protect- A typical convert's story is the vitality of Japanese Christiing women, but gliding with that of the present cashier of a anity is shown by the Christian them down the path of sin. The hospital connected with a large Council's approval of the misbulk of the exported pictures university. He was a drunkard sion work being undertaken

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

among Japanese in other lands, lies hidden in those figures. One 1830." A great crowd assembled notably Brazil, the Philippines, boy from a darkened home every on the site, where these men and the United States. day at school prayed that his lived and are buried. Bowed be- parents, brothers and sisters neath the palms, on the eastern Union Bible Classes in Osaka might know Christ and at home end of this tiny island, that he urged them to take the step. stands sentinel by the date line, From the bustling city of They would not even attend many lives were pledged to take Osaka, Japan, comes encourag- until "c 0 m men cern e n t" day up the torch and wave it wide. ing news of a Bible Training when, hearing their little son "These all died in faith. Theirs School. Miss Ann Kludt writes recite Scripture and seeing him was the past century, ours is the in the Watchman~Examiner: receive a Bible in reward, they present! A century in which to all gave their heart to the Lord. keep Fiji Christian, in the face Several members of the Bible class That church-the Ip..Am Church of new sinister forces that are have seen the vision of a union of all of Suh Hyung Co.-reports the revealing themselves on every the English Bible classes of the city. whole church revived as a re- hand." We tried to arrange for such a meet- sult of its summer venture for ing last year, but we had to give up the children. -Missionary Review the idea. But last Sunday we did (Australasia) . have the meeting, and were more than At O-San 260 children were delighted for nine classes were repre- taught. Sec u I ar primary Mass Education in Lanao sented with seven foreign teachers. teachers tried to p'revent ten of Eighty-nine members of the nine them from attending, five were We are under tremendous classes were present. The program beaten and abused by their pressure. Now we have 142 was divided into three parts: devo- parents and twenty or thirty volunteer teachers; program tional, a program by the classes, and were abused for going to a Bible gaining momentum every day; a discussion. The result was a union School. Many were illiterate our newspaper printing job is of the classes with the object of meet- when the school started. At the ass u min g huge proportions; ing once .or twice a year for better end of the term, seven-tenths of 2,000 new persons a month are service and fellowship. One of the them had not only learned to now learning to read, and what most gratifying things was to see the read and write but read well to give them to read has become way the members of the class shoul- enough to take their turn in a nightmare to me. I stay dered the responsibility and worked. reading Scripture verses. awake half the night, and dream The class is going on to greater the other half about it. things. Their enthusiasm knows no A place called Kyung Hyung bounds. reports an increase in attend- I have before me the names ance of 130 because of the sum- of 1,158 men and women who Leader of a Beggar Band mer's work. Eighty-six were learned to read during the past baptized and ninety-eight agreed month. Of this number 250 The Salvation Army has for to read their Bible every day are women-no one can realize many years maintained a Home through the year. what this means who has not for Beggar Boys here in Seoul. been in Lanao. We taught as Some years ago, when the work The Swallen Bible Corre- many girls last month as have was first begun, the workers spondence Course continues to been in the public schools of picked up off the streets one cold enroll new students. There are Lanao since the schools were winter's night a little boy and now 4,487 people taking the opened. We now have the names took him into the Home. course and 1,126 graduates. A of 12,000 who have learned to number of Bible Institutes make read since we began this method. The boy was intelligent, be- this a part of the work required came the leader of the Beggar of each student. FRANK LAUBACH, Lanao, P. I. Boys' Band, and a first-class assistant about the place. Last ISLANDS OF THE SEA An Object Lesson in Fiji winter a letter came from a Korean woman in America ask- Centenary Celebrations in Fiji Sixty years ago we used to ing the Salvation Army to hear lurid tales of savagery and undertake to find her lost son. Just 100 years ago three murders and cannibalism in the She gave his name, stating also Tahitian teachers made the first Fiji Islands. Now a visitor can that he was a citizen of the organized attempt to evangelize see with his own eyes these peo- U. S. A. by birth in that coun- Fiji. In the opening service of ple and their descendants enjoytry. She said that she was now thanksgiving last July the key- ing the blessings of civilization able to pay his way to America note of the celebrations was and all of them nominally and care for him. The boy was struck in the song that rang out "Christian." the leader of the Band. Surely in the words, "Send the Light! God works in mysterious ways. Send the Light!" The Chair- It was a great surprise to Roscoe C. Coen–Presbyterian man of the Fiji District unveiled learn that in addition to Fiji Mission in Seattle. a stone tablet, "To the memory being now entirely civilized of J ecoro, Arue, and Atai, three ninety-three per cent of the The Korea Sunday Schools Christian Tahitian teachers who native Fijians can read and landed at Oneata on July 9, write. Mr. A. W. Macmillan, the The chief work of the summer Government Inspector of native was the 790 Summer Children's schools, introduced me to the Bible Schools, enrolling 4,160 teachers and 67,193 pupils. Many a romance in spiritual life

grandson of the last cannibal South, reports the year 1930-31 Morocco lying south of Agadir- king of Fiji-King Kakohau- as one of the best in its history. a region hitherto as much closed who ceded the Islands to Great The following are some of the to missionary enterprises as Britain in 1874. .Two large, definite achievements: Tibet.

pointed granite stones were A revival in the Congo has re- Versions in forty-six lan- shown me upon which King sulted in 300 conversions. Rites guages have been sold to pas- Kakobau and his predecessors, of baptism were administered to sengers on the ships at Port after raiding n e i g h b 0 r i n g Chiang Kai-Shek, ex-President Said.

islands and torturing their cap- of China. A new church costing A colporteur, entering a circus tives, would dash the brains of $20,000 was dedicated in Liege, in Austria, succeeded in selling their victims and then p.artake Belgium. A gift of $10,000 Gospels to J.apanese, Chinese of the cannibal feast. The last (Mexican) was given anony- and Arabic performers. Occa- murder was in 1867, when a mis- mously by a Chinese Christian sionally the colporteurs find sionary was killed and eaten. for promoting evangelism. The themselves in districts where If people who despise mission- Moore Memorial Church in payment is made in bananas, ary effort would go out and see Shanghai was completed at a fish, eggs, or roasted chestnuts.

for themselves the wonderful cost of $325,000 (Mexican), In Spain, where 136,900 copies transformation that has taken $50,000 being contributed by the of the Scriptures were displace in the Fiji Islands they Chinese. Autonomous churches tributed last year, the Revolu- would assuredly become active have been set up in Brazil, Mex- tion has given the Bible So- supporters of the Christian mis- ico and Korea. Kwansei Gakuin, ciety's agents greater freedom a school operated jointly by of action. sionary enterprise. If a few of our laymen, accom- Methodist, South, and United Russia is at present the only panied by members of their Church of Canada Boards, has considerable portion of the infamilies, could see these Islands been given full university status. habited world into which Bible and these people-descendants A church has been built for Ko- colporteurs cannot penetrate.

of former savage tribes-they reans in San Francisco, and The proximity of Communistic would be intensely interested three churches for Indians in Russia, however, seems to have and return home full of en- Oklahoma. More than 1,000 per- stimulated the sale of Bibles in thusiasm for the work of our sons were converted and a new Estonia, Latvia and Poland. missionaries who have changed church has been built at Kingsa savage cannibal race into a port, Tenn., an industrial center. NORTH AMERICA thoroughly civilized and God- World Wide Bible Distribution College Students and the Church fearing community. -J. C. M,eggitt in The British The British and Foreign Bible Statistics for the year 1929-30 Weekly. Society records the issue of four- show that 87 per cent of the stu- GENERAL teen new versions. The total dents at publicly controlled col- number of Bibles, New Testa- leges and universities belong to ments and portions of the Scrip- some church. According to a $2,500,000,000 a Year for Philanthropies tures distributed during the statement issued by Dr. William Money devoted to philan- past year was 11,888,226, of thropic purposes in the United which 7,604,625 copies were sold Lindsay Young, director of the States is $2,500,000,000 a year, by 1,130 colporteurs. Department of University Work, according to Dr. Arthur J. Todd, In South America thirty-nine Board of Christian Education, the Presbyterian constituency Professor of Sociology at the colporteurs sold 250,000 copies, represents the second largest re- Northwestern University. Dr. canvassing from house to house ligious group, composed of 35,- Todd says that philanthropy in the great cities. Forty per 541 members. This is a remarkstood eighth in the list of the ten cent of the Gospels circulated in great American industries in the Argentina were sold by a single able showing and answers the statements often made that our value of its total operations. colporteur at a Buenos Aires colleges are hotbeds of irreligion "Approximately one-half of railroad station. Another man and dissipation. .

this money goes for religious climbs far up the slopes of the The increase in the number of purposes; education receives 8 Andes to visit places within the students in colleges, however, per cent; health, 9.2 per cent; jungle zone. personal gifts to individuals. A colporteur with the pioneer- means that a whole section of 11.6 per cent, and foreign relief ing spirit worked among Tibe- membership of the home church has moved out from under the receives 9.7 per cent." The 380 tans for three months, crossing ministrations of the minister.

community chests raised about .over into the forbidden land in There are few people between $85,000,000 last year. the wake of shepherds and the ages of 18 and 22 in the same Triumphs for Methodists herdsmen. town as their home church. The Colporteurs have now been college student is geographically The Mission Board of the able for the first time to drive removed from Christian leader- Methodist Episcopal Church, an automobile into the region of ship. As an agency for keeping

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

in touch with students, the home Home Missions Under Difficulties from 1910 to 1920 however, the church has broken down. For Protestant gain was 53% slower the greater part of the year, ex- Claton S. Rice of Montana than the gain in population. cept in rare instances, the min- writes: "It was sixteen below ister is out of touch with them. that morning, and by evening In 1920 Catholics numbered the wind was blowing and an- 1,883 more than the Protestants, A City Mission Centennial other blizzard in progress. A Russo-German drove me fifteen but in 1930 Protestants gained One hundred years ago, the miles to a country church where the lead by 218,219. That census story of a new venture of the I had the privilege of addressing showed a Catholic gain of 21 % Church in the interest of the about 100 people, most of them to 2,362,805; an Eastern Ortho- "plain people and the poor" was young folks. To think that they dox gain of 21 % to 111,096; a presented in the Episcopal pul- had come out on such a night to Jewish gain of 14% to 1,875,521 pits of New York City. This attend a church service! It was and a Protestant gain of 32% to venture was christened "The good to see their eyes glisten New York Protestant Episcopal when I used their language. I 2,581,024. During the same City Mission Society." was entertained at a Russo-Ger- period of ten years the popula- tion of New York City increased 23%_ Its purpose was to take the man home built on a bleak hill- Better Race Relations church's ministry to Episcopa- side with no trees about it. As lians and others not being no wheat was raised this year Steps have been taken in Milreached by the regular parish great stacks of Russian thistles waukee, Wisconsin, to improve were the only roughage in sight. race relations between the white churches" such as "families of Imagine my surprise to find that people and the 12,000 colored poorer mechanics, merchants' the house was furnace-heated citizens by organizing a race reclerks, journeymen, apprentices, from coal mined right on the domestics, and others unable to place. They had electric lights lations council. Several small pay for sit tin g s, besides as well from their own plant, groups have been functioning ins t ran g e r s, immigrants, etc." not only in the house, but in the barn. This farmer says that terracially and the new council There h ave been added there will be good years again, is made up primarily of the through the years such auxiliary and he is not unduly discour- chairmen of such groups, with efforts as the famous shelter, St. aged. The wonderful snowfall representatives of many civic, Barnabas' House, neighborhood of the last week in November social and religious bodies. The and settlement work at God's gives promise of better agricul- Providence House, fresh air and tural conditions next year." executive board will include repconvalescent work at Rethmore resentatives of various civic, Home and Schermerhorn House. -The Congregationalist. Jewish, Catholic and Protestant organizations of the city. Today that infant-organiza- A Million in Men's Bible Classes tion, born in 1831 with one mis- The council proposes to study sionary and a budget of $1,000, Six thousand classes, with a is closing its one hundredth year total membership of approxi- the local situation of other dark mately 1,000,000 men, are now races represented in the citywith a staff of more than 175 affiliated with the National Fed- American Indians, Mexicans, workers and a yearly expendi- eration of Men's Bible classes ture of over $325,000. which held its eighth annual Chinese and others. The local convention in Canton, Ohio, re- press, it is reported, is giving -Elizabeth B. Canaday in The Chu1·chman. strong backing to the movement toward the establishment of in- terracial understanding and good will in Milwaukee.

The Presbyterians Retrench cently. LATIN AMERICA The Presbyterian General· Church Members in New York Religious Limitations in Mexico Council recommended $10,000,- 000 as the basic benevolence Protestant church members in The Mexican Government has budget for the year 1932-33, to New York City are more nu- recently enforced the decree perbe apportioned as follows: merous than Roman Catholics. mitting only one priest or pastor After their loss ten years ago of of anyone religious sect to National Missions ……. $ 3,059,500 Foreign Missions…….. 2,370,750 the prestige of numbers, figures every 50,000 people in Mexico on religious affiliation of the City or Lower California. No Christian Education ….. 1,239,750 6,930,446 citizens of New York clergyman is permitted to of- Pensions ……………. 507,500 have been made public by Dr. Walter Laidlaw, executive secre- ficiate in more than one church. American Bible Society… 58,000 This has caused the closing of Fed. C.ouncil of Churches. 14,500 Total …………….. $ 7,250,000 tary of the Cities Census Com- many Roman Catholic churches. Woman's National mittee of the United States There are now 400 priests and Census Bureau. During the ten 200 Roman Catholic churches in Missions '" $1,375,000 years from 1920 to 1930 Protest- Mexico City alone. The new Woman's Foreign ant adherents gained in num- law will permit only 24 priests bers 39% faster than the gain and 24 churches in the Federal Missions '" 1,375,000 2,750,000 Total …………. $10,000,000 in population. During the period District. The Vera Cruz limit

is one priest per 100,000 of the Linguistically, they are divided, whole villages became Christian, the Kanella and Gaviao speaking and some of the more intelligent population. A motion urging all priests what is perhaps one of the hard- members of the community beand lay Catholics to wage a cam- est indigenous languages in came effective preachers of the paign against the Young Men's South America-the "Ge"- Gospel.

C h r i s t ian Association, the while the Guajajara Indians -The Christian. Young Women's Christian Asso- speak the more familiar tongue ciation and similar organiza- known as "Tupi." EUROPE tions brought to Mexico from the A mission of the Roman Cath- Moravian Missions United States was passed by the National Guadalupe Catholic olic Church worked at one time The Moravians have been from Congress in Mexico City where among the Guajajara tribe, but the first a distinctly missionary the congress was in session in body. The Hon. Robert Gawconnection with the celebration its activities terminated a few thorne-Hardy writes in Blackof the four hundredth anniver- years ago, when the Indians re- wood's Magazine: "Moravian sary of the traditional appear- volted against certain policies of missionaries have been in Labance of the Virgin of Guadalupe. the mission, and in one night rador since the eighteenth cen- The motion accused the societies tury, and it is their endeavors named of injecting an anti-na- murdered five nuns and seven alone which have preserved the tionalist spirit into the country priests. We found hardly any Eskimo and have turned a thievand encouraging undress athlet- ing, treacherous race into a peoic parades in public. trace of the former so-called ple of unbelievable gentleness Christian teaching. In one year, and honesty." This is only one Religion in Salvador by the blessing of God, one vil- part of their far-flung field of lage has been practically freed effort. As the London Times The National Assembly voted of drink to the consternation of says: "The fine work of the recently to prohibit the incoming Moravian missionaries is known of all priests and ministers of the unscrupulous drink traffick- from Greenland to the Himareligions. This was motivated in ers, who, today, receive little re- turn from their former victims.

Similar moral transformations seem to be accompanying the preaching of the Gospel in most part by the fear that the possi- of the villages where our mes- layas." ble expulsion of the religious or- sage has been delivered and un- This year the Moravian Church ders from Spain would mean an derstood. -L. E. Harris. will celebrate the 200th anniver- sary of its foreign missionary influx of foreign clergy into the A Land of Mystery enterprise. A booklet by Rev. country. The president, how- Forty years ago the vast re- John Greenfield, Moravian evanever, refused to sign the bill. In the capital city of Salvador gion in the heart of South Amer- gelist of Warsaw, Indiana, enthe Baptists have just finished a ica, known as the Gran Chaco, titled "Power From on High," $46,000 primary school building was a land of mystery, its tells the story of the Moravian which is both modern and beau- wastes unexplored, its peoples revival which resulted in the tiful. At Santa Ana a high unrecognized. Single – handed, conversion of John and Charles school building costing $60,000 Barbrooke Grubb, the brave pio- Wesley and the beginning of was dedicated in January. neer, penetrated the interior and Methodism. settled among its inhabitants. The first Moravian missiona- Difficult Situation in Chile Gradually, as he and his com- ries were sent out in the year Business is very bad in Chile. panions opened up the country, 1732, and began work in the Many are out of work and thou- savages became useful citizens. West Indies, which has become sands are gathered in big ware- Nomads were weaned from rov- one of the church's largest fields. houses where they are fed by the ing ways and persuaded to adopt When Carey sent out his mis- government. Many are in a dis- settled habits. Children were sionary challenge in 1792, the tressing condition. The Presby- educated. Young men were Moravians had already sent terian Mission School at Valpa- taught various handicrafts, and three hundred missionaries to raiso is endeavoring to do some- instructed in all branches of cat- work in North and South Amerthing to help them. Most of tle-ranching. Girls were trained ica, the West Indies, Greenland these people work in mines in farm duties as well as in do- and Labrador. The Moravians which are nearly all closed. As mestic service. Social life im- were the first to send missiona- Chile depends so much on the in- proved. Infanticide declined. ries to the Jews, and the first to come from salitre, a difficult sit- S epa rat e houses displaced work among lepers (South Afri- uation has been created. groups of filthy shelters. Agri- ca,1818).

Indians of Amazonia culture was encouraged, and the There are over three hundred keeping of sheep and goats, stations, yet the annual expendi- There are more than two horses and cattle was inculcated. ture amounts to but little over thous~nd natives in the region One by one the men and women £100,000; of this, less than half of Barra do Corda. They belong shook off the shackles of witch- is raised at home, the greater to three tribes, known as the craft and submitted themselves proportion being the contribu- Gaviao, Kanella and Guajajara. to Christ. In course of time, tion of the mission fields.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

A Gypsy Church We are pressing our churches to sional but as one of themselves and it makes a great difference. We have Dr. Rushbrooke, of the Bap- learn the joy of giving to the Lord. already sympathizers in Cracow and tist World Alliance, describes Vilna and may be able to organize the recent dedication of the Bap- But this year these people are suffer- branches there. Our meetings are very tist church building in the gypsy helpful not only to the Jews but also village of Golenzi, Bulgaria. A ing under problems of unemployment to the Gentiles who are drawn closer stolen New Testament led, some to Christ. In the heat of discussion years back, to the formation of and failure in business. Unlike the they have to define their own posia gypsy church in this village. tion towards Christianity and they It has hitherto met in cottage rest of the world, most of our com- learn to look up to Christ for support. rooms which have proved inadequate. Now gifts from the Ger- munities have a background of de- Bank Directors Open With man Baptists of America have Prayer made it possible to secure a portation and worldly losses, from church. The gypsies themselves The small Protestant group of have taken a large share in the which they have had no chance yet to which Rev. J. S. Porter, Prague, undertaking, including the man- Czechoslovakia, is the shepherd ufacture of 32,000 bricks. The recover. Out of their poverty they has started a bank in that city. Sunday of the dedication was a The meetings of the directors historic occasion in the village have done wonders, and three evan- are always opened with prayer. and the semi-barbaric finery of The government inspector was the gypsies provided abundant gelical churches are already entirely present officially at one such material for photographers at- meeting. Afterwards he ex- self-supporting. pressed himself as surprised and tracted by a unique event. The pleased with such a start. All Sunday School gathering and The Executive Committee of the of the net income of the bank is the distribution of a small hymn used in the interests of church book-the first in the gypsy lan- Greek Evangelical Synod finds itself and benevolent work. There are guage-and of the gypsy Gospel but two paid clerks-the remainof Matthew were special fea- with a deficit of 143,000.00 drachmae der of the officials give their tures. The response of gypsies services. in Golenzi to the presentation of (or, the equivalent of $1,857.00); and, the Gospel message is remark- Russian Activity able and significant, but this they are faced With the necessity of The following items are taken race is scarcely yet touched. from the Allgemeine Evangel- They represent an opportunity, cutting off the salary of nearly half isches Lutherischen Kirchena problem and a challenge. In zeitung, which is in a position to Bulgaria alone there are 150,- the preachers and two Bible women. obtain certain facts: 000, nominally Orthodox or Mo- The Russian authorities have hammedan, but practically with- All the ministers, with one accord, de- been making great efforts to spread communistic teachings out any idea of God. clared they could not give up their among the German population, -The Watchman Examiner. which is found notably in the work, but were willing to live on half, Volga region. A communistic A Stirring Appeal from Greece paper, N euland, published in or no pay, and to try to earn their German, brings the complaint Evangelical work in Greece that notwithstanding the greatwas started eighty years ago, living in oonththeerirwcaoynsg,resgtaitlilonkse.*eping est efforts it has not been able to their hold raise its circulation to 5,000. amidst terrific opposition and In consequence of the uninterpersecutions, and has been main- After a thorough examination rupted workday week, many tained under heavy sacrifices of the situation, six workers of church services have had to be both on the part of the Greek congregations that are able to transferred to the evening evangelicals and by the help both maintain their work, unani- hours. Attempt is being made of British and American mis- mously agreed to offer 10% of to prevent such services on the their meagre salaries into the ground that the electric cursionary societies. general fund, to aid in the sup- rent should be refused churches The Greek Evangelical Synod port of their brethren, and the and prayer houses, since 100 other eight workers accepted has sent out a stirring appeal for churches consume as much help in this time of financial dis- the conclusion that they should power as a large factory. tress. They say: confine themselves to the $5 or $10 a month their starving con- The question of the child and These are days of unusual opportu- gregations can give them until the school in the Soviet Union is nities in Greece. The fields are white outside help comes. This all entering on a new phase. A unto the harvest and we are praying means that the workers and child attaining the age of fourthe Lord of the harvest to send forth their families are facing starva- teen years may join the Union more laborers. To help each work- tion. About $1500 a year would of the Godless. Parents who er to have the strongest influence would hinder this are deprived among men, and also to free his mind save the situation. from financial anxiety there should be funds to cover expenses. • ,Contributions may be sent to Rev. P. G. Longinides, 50 Amalias Ave., Athens, Greece.

Christian-Jewish Students in Warsaw Dr. Prentky of the Warsaw Station of London Church Mis- sion to the Jews writes: The Society for the Approach of Jews and Gentiles is passing from its babyhood into vigorous youth. We have come into touch with several groups of students of different politi- cal and religious opinions: we have gathered around us Roman Catho- lics, Protestants, Greek-Orthodox and Jews, the last representing Zionism and Assimilation, 0 r tho d 0 x y and Liberalism. We have drawn up our status and presented it to the Gov- ernment for legalization and we are assured that the Government regards our activities with sympathy.

The number of students attending our weekly meetings grows steadily. We have endless opportunities of dis- cussing religion and Christ. One meets there young people not as a profes-

of their work and their children AFRICA use plumbago to prevent inflam- mation in a wound and the are taken away. From the age A Closed Land stitch.

of eight years on children may The bark of the root of the red dagga plant is one of the native be entered in junior groups of One of the least known of cures for snake-bite. Europeans the ungodly. Moslem areas is the Spanish value it even more than natives Colony of Rio de Oro with its for this purpose, who also make In anti-religious effort these protectorate. Although the pop- a tincture from its flowers for Soviet schools have accomplished ulation is small, it is practically coughs, chest complaints, and all Mohammedan. A French nervous headaches. much. At the same time in all traveler reports in The Geoother lines they have been woe- graphical Journal his attempt But the plant's greatest value to penetrate this area: is when it is used with an herb fully inefficient. The Soviet which is called ubuhlungu besigschool gives only a fraction of One of the most inaccessible tracts cawu (by itself another snakewhat the public schools in other in the whole of Africa at the present bite remedy). The combination countries offer their pupils. day is the country known as the Rio is used as an antidote to blood- poisoning, and some remarkable At present Pravda is agitat- cures are recorded even where the patients have seemed to be ing for an accurate registration in extremis. The herb is strongly antiseptic, and a paste from its of all the children of school age, de Oro, south of the Wed Dra on the leaves relieves toothache. with the view of enforcing a sys- southern frontier of Morocco. It is inhabited by fanatical tribes and ex- -South African Outlook. tem of compulsory education. posed to the raids of brigands. Last In the Sudan Open Doors in Italy year a young Frenchman, Michel Vieuchange, set himself the task of Archdeacon Archibald Shaw The Spezia Mission has never pushing south of the Dra to the mys- went to the Southern Sudan in terious town of Smara, built last cen- 1905, to work under the C. M. S. faced a winter's work with among primitive tribes, with greater opportunities than at tury in the midst of the desert by the funds contributed in memory of rebel Marabut Ma el Ainin. He un- General Gordon. He believes present. Conditions make for dertook the journey with the minimum that Christianity can best be larger liberty in missionary op- of equipment, aided only by a small spread by education. He says: erations, and God is speaking to party of natives, the fidelity of some Our two and a half million people of whom was open to grave suspicion. are scattered over a vast area. It men's hearts and granting a real He disguised himself as an Arab is not much good to preach to them under a palm tree for a day or two, revival. Many who this year woman-there were two women also and then not to revisit the spot for a have taken their stand for Christ in the party-and so reached the fron- year or more. If we can influence our boys and girls in the schools they are giving, by lip and life, a tes- tier post of Tigilit, where he under- make much better missionaries to went wearisome delay, lying hid in a their own people, especially as they timony that is stirring all those are going back and multiplying the about them. native room too low for him to stand little bush schools. In one or two up in, while his guide bargained for areas, as a result, there have arisen Some students of a govern- "mass movements" on a small scale, ment departmental college, live- the necessary camels. Smara was de- and in these areas the natives are serted, though native encampments clamoring for baptism and teachers. We find that in the boarding schools ly, riotous young feIlows, heard were seen .on the plain, and M. Vieu- nearly 90 per cent of the boys come of our Protestant meetings and to us for baptism before they leave. change made a hurried inspection be- . We are planning for the coming came with the idea of creating a fore starting back. The traveller winter to put a mission station disturbance. But the Lord met amongst the Nuers, probably the wild- reached Tiznit, in Southern Morocco, est people of Africa today, who have completely worn out, was taken by constantly and recently defied the Government. It is hoped that the them, and it is a thrilling story aeroplane to Mogador, where a fort- present policy of "pacification" may night later he died at the military be aided by the establishment of misof modern miracles to hear how hospital. sion schools. He showed them their sinfulness The British Government is subsidizand brought them to a knowl- African Medicines ing the missionary education already edge of Jesus. They have pub- begun. We have our bush schools licly confessed their Lord in bap- A number of the herbs used which give what is called a "subtism in crowded gatherings, at by the African witch doctors grade" education. There are now also which were present many of have been found to have a defi- one C.M.S. and two Roman Catholic their college companions. The nite medicinal value. The roots "Intermediate" schools in which the whole college is stirred. Some of a plant known as the wild whole of the teaching is in English. are feeling it their duty to write sweet potato were used to expel to their parents and relations in the devils from a person supother parts of Italy to tell them posed to be bewitched. The plant what has happened, and so the is both poisonous and dangerous. Umlanjeni, the evil genius of fire is spreading. Nearly five hundred children the Chief SandHi in the Kafir are thronging our Bible day War of 1850, persuaded the Afschools, and we have been com- ricans that the purple and white pelled to close our doors to more roots of one of the pelargoniums for sheer lack of space. would ward off the white man's Our central aim is to preach .bullets. This pelargonium is still the Gospel and to bring the good called by them ikubalo lika Um- news of salvation to those in ig- lanjeni (Umlanjeni's charm).

norance and superstition. He also gave them pieces of -Rev. H. H. Pullen in The the plumbago shrub to chew for Christian. the same purpose. Today they

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

In these the boys are mainly trained The Blind in Egypt Ovambo and Bushmen. There as schoolmasters and clerks, and are are among these at least 77,000 prepared for further training as med- The Church Missionary Soci- human beings to whom evangel- ical assistants. ety has received from Gindi Ef- ists must be sent. fendi Ibrahim, himself blind, an Double Shift Christians account of the efforts to help the Famine in Zululand blind of Egypt, who number half This name is given to an in- a million. Since 1923 Gindi Ef- The Rev. John Hawkins of fendi has been in charge of this Somkele, Zululand, South Africreasing number of Sunday work. In 1925 he opened a ca, writes: "This district has school officers and teachers in school near al Azhar Univer- been proclaimed by the govern- sity, the great centre of Moslem ment 'a famine-stricken area.' Johannesburg, South Africa, learning. Not only did he teach Nearly all the rivers and water who, in addition to working in. the sheikhs who came to him to holes were dried up; no grass, read the Bible in Braille, but no planting, no money, lack of their own white Sunday school als(l taught them some handi- employment, and cattle too thin craft to enable them to gain a to be accepted as barter. It is in the afternoon, conduct Sun- living. Many of these sheikhs reported that 1,000 head of catday schools in the morning for afterwards came to ask ques- tle are dying daily in Zululand. the black children. These native tions relating to Christianity. Ours also, including donkeys, schools are promoted by the have been dying daily, so that Rhenish Mission Growth we were unable to raise a team Witwatersrand Methodist Na- of either to fetch a load from the tive Mission. The children are The Rhenish Mission reports railway station. It is reported the first generation of complete- that the number of members in that the government is sending the Naama and Herero country in maize at twelve shillings a ly town-dwelling natives, and has grown to 52,644 during the sack of 200 lbs., the price here past year, an increase of 3,143. today being seventeen shillings. the whole European church must Besides this, at the end of the The outlook is serious for us and year there were 2,542 persons for the people; and yet our wabe mobilized to meet this intense more being instructed. The ter tank is full and overflowmg, number of pupils also has in- while most springs are dried situation. Few natives have creased. The report states espe- up." either the knowledge or the gifts cially that all these increases which qualify them to teach chil- have come "in spite of the stress -The Christian. of the times." dren. At present this mission "Mothering" 250 Malagasy Boys Instruction is being given to has 27 Sunday schools with 2,445 children on farms by mi- Pastor Hallanger of the Nor- gratory evangelists. This is an wegian Lutheran Church of 2,174 scholars and 105 teachers, institution of great service in America has recently assumed this mission. The people are full responsibility for the erec- 57 of the latter being European seeing the advantages of educa- tion of the boys' school in Manand 48 native. tion and say that a child that antantely, Madagascar, and finds grows up wild-"like a jackal in that the task "piles up before me The movement grew out of a the field"-has no prospects for a great deal more work than I business man's query about advancement. can do properly." Among the what could be done to meet the things which he is compelled to situation. In many instances In an area as large as the oversee are the health of the native schools were adopted by state of Texas there are 30,352 boys, the cleanliness of the build- European schools in the same whites, of whom 12,352 live in ing, the teaching, the discipline, area and staffed by those who communities and the larger the spiritual life of the school, taught black children in the number on farms. There exists and even matters of clothing. morning and white children in a police zone. Outside of this This with a total enrollment of the afternoon. By an adapta- zone there are 117,000 Ovambos about 250 boys, 190 of whom are tion of mining phraseology, who migrate to find work, and boarding pupils, is no small task. these have been described as more than a hundred thousand "double shift Christians." The among whom no mission society "The boys themselves teach difficulty of language was solved does any work at all. In the case each other the intricacies of the by placing the native day school of the migratory children, it is sewing machine and tailoring. staff, many of whom enlisted, in felt that migrating evangelists The boys are at present busy charge of the smaller children would do the most effectiv~ sewing their suits of clothes. In who had not as yet acquired a work. In the police zone in the the normal school they get about working use of the English lan- Southwest there are 102,392 na- five meters of unbleached cotton guage. tives, composed of Hottentots, cloth-about enough for a coat Hereros, Hilldamas, Bastards, and a pair of trousers. These Every Sunday morning native townships and locations are invaded by all sorts of consecrated vehicles which discharge at the door of all sorts of edifices their loads of European workers. There has grown up among these people a delightful comradeship. The staff of one school includes a hospital sister, a lady journalist and a minister's wife.

they sew themselves without any question was raised about him. A Rival Congress help. It is surprising how well The problem centered around At the call of the Mayor of they get the suits to fit; it seems Jerusalem an opposition conthat there is a tradition handed the three Persian Christian gress of more than 1,000 deledown from generation to gene- boys. gates met in the King David ration as in the days of the Hotel as the general Moslem guilds. The school has two sew- "According to the examina- Conference was closing. This ing machines, which are at pres- opposition congress passed the ent running every minute that tion manual the examination in following resolutions: the boys are free. It is interest- the Koran and Shariat (Persian ing to watch new boys being To neg.otiate with the Moslem couninitiated into the mysteries of religious law) is only for Mo- tries to hold another general Moslem running a sewing machine and hammedans. What a Moham- congress independent of any Moslem kingdom. medan is is not defined. The three boys applied for entrance to the examinations and claimed exemption from the Koran and making a pair of pants that Shariat examinations inasmuch To safeguard Moslem holy places in won't split when they sit down. In the primary school, too, many as they were Christians. To Palestine and to restore to their orig- this, however, they received the inal sacred uses the shrines which prefer to take cloth instead of a reply, 'The department cannot the Mufti allegedly c.onverted to other purposes.

shirt and make something a lit- know Rezas and Hoseins and Ali To ask the Palestine Government tle more stylish than the 'dress' style shirt furnished by the Akbars as Christians for their to carry out the demands of the Pal- names are Moslem.' We were estine Arab delegation to London for school. I like to believe that told to correct the 'error' by the independence of this country and these boys will be able to furnish writing that we had made a mis- its protection from Zionist danger.

themselves wit h well-sewed. take and that they were not The School at Kermanshah Christian at all." The Industrial Farm School clothes when they get out."

WESTERN ASIA Moslem, Congress in Jerusalem and Orphanage at Kermanshah, Persia, will be self-supporting Arabic Bible for the Blind A Yiddish paper, The Day when it has added $5,000 more (December 14) says that the to its equipment. After five years' labor the Na- Zionist Movement and the Engtional Institute for the Blind lish Government were attacked A tract of over a thousand has completed the first edition of in the sharpest language at the acres of land with two large the Bible in Arabic Braille. The Mohammedan Congress, called work has been carried out under by the Grand Mufti of Palestine. plains of arable land and valleys the British and Foreign Bible having grazing for hundreds of Society, who will distribute the At the discussion concerning book to blind readers in Arabia, Mohammedan holy places and sheep and cattle has been se- Palestine, Egypt, and North the Wailing Wall, Said Bey Sa- Africa generally. The Arabic bet, delegate of Irak, said the cured. The children work on the edition occupies thirty-two vol- following: "If the Jews will farm. They are also trained in umes, as compared with the sev- keep on with their activities in carpentry, blacksmithing, maenty-four volumes of the Na- Palestine, we shall be forced to sonry, tin-smithing, b roo mtional Institute's Bible in Eng- treat them in a way which is making, s pin n i n g, weaving, lish Braille, but the size of the well known to them. We shall housekeeping, according as they volumes is larger and about allow the Jew only to sit in their double their thickness. To obvi- houses." are boys or girls. For spinning, ate language and other difficul- a wheel made in England, simple ties, an English lady living in The Congress adopted the fol- Jerusalem first transcribed in lowing resolutions: and easily reproduced, is being manuscript the whole Bible into Arabic Braille, and it was from 1. To establish a corporation of used; for weaving, the automatic her copy that the Institute's five million dollars for constructive hand-loom made by the Salvastaff worked on the metal plates purposes in Palestine, to counteract from which the book sheets the activities of Zionism. tion Army in India. Rotation of were printed. crops, proper fertilization, de- 2. To reject the findings of the What Is a Mohammedan? League of Nations with regard to struction of insect pests, refor- the Wailing Wall. estation of hills, elements of dry- farming are guiding principles 3. To protest to the League of Na- in the orphanage farm manage- tions the establishment of a Jewish National Horne in Palestine. ment. The human material which 4. Mohammedans must boycott J ew- ish products manufactured in Pales- comes to the school is pitiable enough. Good food, open-air life, R. L. Steiner, of Persia, tine. and Christian teaching trans- form them. In most cases weeks and sometimes months went by writes: "This year was the first 5. To make propaganda through- before smiles and laughter be- out the world for the independence of time that Christian boys from the Palestinian Mohammedans. came a habit. Some have become very capable so that unexpected the school had been sent up for 6. To make known to the whole the government examinations. Mohammedan world that Zionism is a obstacles and new situations One is an Armenian and so no catastrophe for Palestine. neither baffle nor confuse them.

-Sunday School Times.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Advance in Afghanistan experience to enable them to co- sincerely and fervently pray to operate with the missionaries in the Almighty through the med- Afghanistan is reported to be carrying on their work. Rev. ium of Lord Jesus Christ bemaking progress in moderniza- R. Buell Love, a missionary, loved Prophet of the Almightytion. At the recent celebration writes: (on whom be peace)-for the of the anniversary of Afghanis- recovery of their patients. This tan's independence, King Nadir "The men are organized into is the reason that their medi- Shah stressed the need of im- parties. On Saturdays and Sun- cines are efficacious and all their mediate internal improvement, days they go out to the village undertakings are crowned with and told of plans already under within a radius of five or six success. The entire staff of this way for a hospital, for "the en- miles of Saharanpur and preach hospital, from the highest to the couragement of local industries, to groups. lowest, are with one accord the and the attainment of internal followers of the religion and security." Current History re- "I am thinking of organizing creed of the holy prophet Lord ports a school of Arabian sci- an evangelical team of four of Jesus Christ- (on whom be ences opened for Moslem learned the best men the seminary has. peace)-Lord Jesus Christ was men; the institution of a Council The object of the team will be to an exalted and beloved prophet of Ulema, or learned men, to be go with me into distant villages of the Almighty in olden times, elected by the people; and the and to stay for two or three days of whom mention has been creation of a new system of at a time for intensive preach- made by the Almighty in the courts. There are at present not ing. The team will have one holy Koran. May God keep thee over 70 Europeans in the coun- good preacher, one musician, one prosperous in the world." try, principally in Kabul. The good athlete, and the other man present king is apparently avoid- will be assigned to some partic- (Signed) "Hashmat Ali." ing the mistakes of his predeces- ular duty. These evangelical sor, Aman-Allah, by honoring teams have been very successful The Burma Gospel Team the followers of Islam. The mes- in one or two other places, but sengers of Christ are still ex- this will be the first to be organ- The Rev. V. W. Dyer, of cluded. ized in our mission area." Burma, recently sent the follow- ing cablegram to the Baptist INDIA, BURMA, CEYLON Testimony from a Moslem Board: Religious Liberty The tribute of a Moslem pa- "Stanley Jones and Hodge, of tient to the work of a mission National Christian Council, call The Working Committee of hospital in India is given to the Burma Gospel Team three the India National Congress Chr()nicle of the London Mis- months South and West India. passed a resolution guaranteeing sionary Society by R. J. Ashton. Notify constituency. Ask special to minority communities the The composition was written in daily prayer for us and All-India "protection of their culture, lan- Hindustani, in flowing Persian revival." We are confident that guage, scripts, education, profes- script; appended was a transla- our people everywhere will pray sion and practice of religion and tion into English made by an- earnestly that God's blessing religious endowments." The other patient, from which quo- may be on Mr. Dyer and his Catholic Leader (M a d r a s) tations are made. He says: Gospel Team as they go forth raised the question whether the on their larger mission. elementary right to "convert "It is related that Lord Jesus was implied in the Congress con- Christ-(on whom be peace)- Methodist Diamond Jubilee ception of religious liberty." is still alive and that towards the end of the world, when Imam Seventy-five years ago, the Mr. George Joseph informed Mahdi-(on whom be peace)- Rev. William Butler, the first the Leader "that the freedom to will make his appearance, he missionary of the Methodist convert was deliberately omitted (Lord Jesus) will once more Episcopal Church, arrived in from the text of the Congress descend to the earth. Bareilly to begin Christian servresolution," though he had sug- ice to India. On December 7, gested that the resolution be "Is it any wonder then that 1856, the Rev. William Butler amended to include the words, there is such marvellous efficacy began that eventful period. "including the right of conver- in the medicines dealt out by sion." The proposed amendment men who are followers of such Dr. Butler and his wife had was rejected. In view of recent an exalted and beloved Prophet scarcely reached Bareilly (Dediscussions with and utterances of the Almighty, called Ruh Allah cember 7, 1856) and established of Mr. Gandhi this action is sig- (Spirit of God), reinforced as their home when the Sepoy Renificant. those medicines are by the bless- bellion broke loose. They and all ings of the Lord. There is a other whites were forced to flee IndUuns Co-operate special peculiarity in this hos- for their lives, finding refuge for pital which is not to be found weeks at Naini Tal. Dr. But- Students of the North India in other hospitals, and it is this, ler's library and goods at Bareil- United Theological College at that every day, before commenc- ly were destroyed, but when the Saharanpur are given practical ing work the entire staff, high rebellion was over he re-estab- and low, assemble together and lished the mission at Lucknow

and Bareilly, beginning with a were in the audience that every much more does his religion class of seven members in May, seat was occupied, and scores sat mean bread of life to feed his 1857. on the floor. They attend Bible soul. Since he became a Chris- classes with enthusiasm, conduct tian, he has brought with him to In 1860-four years after the their own discussion groups, and Sunday services one after anarrival in India of Dr. William are keenly interested in all ques- other of his employees, till Butler-there were only sixty- tions relating to the Bible." finally, he had the pleasure of seven members of the Methodist seeing five of them confess Episcopal Church in the land. A Young Woman's Service Christ and receive baptism at In 1875 there were 2,148 mem- one service. At his invitation bers; in 1887, 4,018 members; Evangelistic work in Hydera- the little group of workers goes by 1898, the number had grown bad, South India, is progressing. to this factory twice a month to 78,000; by 1905, to 110,000. "Since the beginning of the to hold services." Today the total membership of year," writes Charles Rutherthe Methodist Episcopal Church ford of Jangaon, "we have bap- Seed Sowing in Siam and Malaya in India is estimated at 350,000 tized more than 100 converts in persons, the largest Methodist this field. Two new villages have The Chinese Church in Bangmembership in any major divi- been opened, to one of which a kok has undertaken the responsision of the foreign mission field. young woman from our Bible bility for the extensive distribu- Training School in Nellore was tion of the Scriptures. The Task Not Finished assigned. She has a small school, workers regularly meet incom- which is being attended by chil- ing and outgoing steamers. The following paragraph is dren from the caste village, Canal and river boats, as well as quoted from a recent book pub- though her school is held in the business districts, have their dislished in Germany and dealing outcaste section. Recently twelve tribution. One energetic book with missions in India: people were baptized, mainly as dealer offers Bible portions to a result of the faithful and un- every customer, and his supply All the Protestant churches and tiring service of this young wom- needs constant refilling. Immigroups, .from the Anglicans to the Sal- an. The whole attitude and ap- grants, 500 to 2,000 each week, vation Army, are carrying on mis- pearance of the people have im- are visited by the colporteurs sions today in India, side by side with proved since the coming of Mar- during their one or two days' the Church of Rome. The outward tha. Other villages are clamor- detention for examination and success of this missionary work has, ing for teachers." registration at department headwe must admit, been small. Out of quarters. A rare opportunity the 320 millions of India, five mil- – Watchman-Examiner. for far-reaching results is in lions today are professing Christians. placing Scriptures in the. hands It is true that within the past thirty A Slogan for Burma of the 300 to 700 returning to years missions have made important China each week. numerical progress. Between 1901 Objections were raised at the and 1921 the figures of the baptized annual meeting of the Burma Gospel Preaching Prohibited rose rapidly from 2,660,000 to 4,750,- Christian Council against the 000. But these figures are deceptive. title adopted for the campaign: Straits Settlement is an aggre- The increase relates f,or the most part "Burma for Christ Movement." gation of diverse races, with to initial success in newly opened When this was first published Chi n e s e predominating. Misareas, while in the old mission fields some vernacular papers saw in it sionary work may be carried on a static condition has set in, which it an unfriendly mil ita n t cam- among all except the children of is often impossible to alter even by paign. Some felt that it was the land-the Malays. The nathe most intensive recruiting efforts. placed in juxta-position to the tives of the Straits Settlements In Ceylon there are exactly as many motto: "Burma for the Bur- and Federated Malay States are Christians today as there were 200 mans." However, the Council Mohammedans, and the British years ago. Even if numerical prog- felt that it is the spirit rather rules have agreed with the naress were to continue at the same than the name that will deter- tive rulers that the people shall pace as in the last thirty years, three mine the attitude of non-Chris- be protected from interference thousand years .of missionary work tians and it seemed best to re- with their faith. It is said that would be required in order to make tain it. only the Sultan and his house India a Christian land. are actually named, but in the SIAM-MALAYSIA outworking of the plan it has -Evangelical Christian. been found impracticable to es- A Siamese Christian tablish Christian work among Girl's Interest in Religion the people. "In this community," writes a Miss Ruth Cowdrey, who has Presbyterian missionary from A joint study of the situation had access to the students in col- Bangkok, "lives a Christian man should render possible an apleges and universities, serving -head man of one of the largest proach to governing powers with for ten years as general secre- establishments. He has taken a view to a relaxation of present tary of the Young Women's his Christianity as seriously as prohibitions. Christian Association in Mad- he takes his work. If his weavras, says: "The girls of India ing means rice to feed his body, are easy to approach on the subject of religion. They know no prejudices. A religious meeting invariably attracts great num~ bers. When Stanley Jones gave lectures in Madras so many girls

WORTH

Any boo~s mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-'The Review The Forest Hos}}ital at Lambarene. my readers far too much of the It was well to link up these be- By Albert Schweitzer. Translated by C. T. Campion, M. A. 191 pp. prose of Africa, but whatever ginnings with one great heroic $2.00. Holt & Co. New York. 1931. one gets drowned in fills the figure in the person of John The name of Albert Schweitz- mouth. Our life is so filled with Mason Peck. Here is a perfect er, famous as a great theologian this prose that I cannot but write type of home missionary; a fronand as interpreter of Bach, is at present before the public as a about it. Anyone who wants to tiersman who possesses the abil- Christian physician in West Equatorial Africa. do good under our African con- ity of adjusting himself to cir- Twenty-five years ago he ditions must fight any tendency cumstances as they pre sen t wrote "The Quest of the Histor- in himself to let his nerves and themselves; an organizer of Sunical Jesus," a book that aroused considerable criticism. Today he temper be upset by all the big day Schools, c h u r c h e s and a follows in the footsteps of his Master in lowly and heroic serv- and little difficulties of daily life, school of higher learning; indeice. "Through the spirit of Jesus I became conscious that a man and must retain his full joy in fatigable in labor, travel and can be called to a place without knowing exactly just why he has his work." preaching, and at the same time been called to it. Jesus is Lord, "It seems to me incomprehen- a leader of the people of his state our Lord. What is decisive is not the theories we are teaching sible that I am leaving the na- in all moral and righteous issues. about Him, but the obedience with which we are serving Him; tives for months. How fond of The story is so written that it Christianity without words. For years I have been preaching them one becomes, in spite of all cannot fail to quicken anew the about Christianity. But inwardly, I was longing to be practic- the trouble they give one! How fires of Baptist missionary zeal. ing Christianity silently. This I many beautiful traits of char- But for such Christians as are do now, or I try to do it." How Dr. Schweitzer is doing acter we can discover in them, not members of the Baptist fold it, this book tells. Far more in- if we refuse to let the many and this volume has also an intense teresting than the best fiction is this account of the voyage, the varied follies of the child of na- interest. The beginnings of the first months in Lambarene, West Africa, and the tragic experi- ture prevent us from looking for struggle against human slavery ences in the old hospital during 1925 and 1926, and in the new the man in him! How they dis- are portrayed. What more interhospital which was completed in 1927. One is tempted to quote close to us their real selves, if we esting story than that of the largely from a narrative that moves on like a symphony. have love and patience enough "Cantine Creek Baptized Church Pathos, tragedy, and humor follow in rapid succession, but be- to understand them!" of Christ, Friends to Humantween the line~ one can read far s. M. Z. ity," organized in 1809, whose more than is narrated. Vanguard of the Caravans. A Life- constitution denied "union and "And now I cannot help fear- Story of John Mason Peck. By Coe ing that my narrative has given Hayne. 157 pp. Illus. $1.00. Jud- communion with all persons son Press. Philadelphia. 1931. holding the doctrines of per- petual, involuntary, hereditary This volume is written in com- slavery." A. J. M.

memoration of the one hun- Perils in the Wilderness. By G. Find- dredth ann i v e r s a r y of The ley Andrews. Pamphlet 25 cents.

American Baptist Home Mission China Inland Mission. Philadelphia Society which had its birth in and Toronto. 1931.

New York April 27, 1832. All This vivid story of the experi- too frequently anniversary vol- ences of two missionary ladies, umes are stuffy, pretentious and Mrs. Hayward and Miss Gomer- suggestive of museum pieces. sal, in the midst of bandits gives The reader is due for a pleasant some idea of the present situa- surprise as he dips into this vital tion in disturbed parts of China. volume. With commendable skill We see also clearly the courage the author leads back into the and faith of the missionaries, stirring events in the midst of . the faithfulness of Mongolian which American Baptists laid friends and the reality of God's the foundation of their impres- care for His own. The ladies sive home missionary enterprise. were captured by bandits in N0- [127]

vember, 1930, in the dreary slave girls and unfortunates in New Books Mongolian desert and were later released. W hat happened on the Chinese communities in Cal- Chinatown Quest. Carol Green Wiltheir journey from Lanchow in son. 263 pp. $3. Stanford Uni- Kansu; through Mongolia and ifornia. The story is naively and versity Press. Stanford. 1931. on to Peiping makes a stirring narrative. ingenuously told by a friend and Chaka: An Historical Romance. Thos. Mofolo. 198 pp. Oxford Univer- The End of Exterritoriality in China. it ends somewhat abruptly. The sity Press. London. 1931. By Thomas F. Millard. 8 vo. 278 pp. A. B. C Press. Shanghai. remarkable character of this The Challenge of Amazon's Indians. 1931. Mrs. Arthur F. Tylee. 92 pp. 75c. able and clever woman is left to Inland South American Missionary This work presents the condi- Union. New York. 1931. tions that attended the institu- be gathered by the reader. It tion of exterritoriality in China, "Charge That to My Account." D. A. and the reasons and methods of will be a dull reader that cannot Ironside. 123 pp. 75c. Bible Inthe Chi n e s e Government in stitute Colportage Assn. Chicago. bringing the system to an end. do this from the wealth of excit- 1931. With its termination, exterritoriality, except as it applies to ing incidents with which the Charles E. Cowman: Missionary-Wardiplomats and special ambassa- rior. Mrs. Chas. E. Cowman. 411 dors, probably will fall into dis- book is filled. It is a needed ac- pp. $1.50. Oriental Missionary Souse, as China is the last import- ciety. Los Angeles. 1931. ant country where it has been in count of a noble woman whose force. Chefoo: A Story of the China Inland unique work has been the re- Mission School at Chefoo. Stanley The author is a competent his- Houghton, Edith B. Harman, Martorian who has spent many years deeming of hundreds of Chinese garet Pyle. 82 pp. 2s'. China Inin China and has written several land Mission. London. 1931. books and many articles. He girls and their training for useserved as adviser to the former The Dawn Wind. Olive Wyon. 155 Peking Government from 1919 ful and happy and righteous pp. 2s., 6d. Student Christian to 1923, and was appointed ad- Movement Press. London. 1931. viser to the National Govern- womanhood. R. E. 'S. ment in t929. He believes that Gandhi: The Dawn of Indian Freethe passing of exterritoriality in Bells of India. By Ethel Cody Hig- dom. Jack C. Wilson and Venier China marks the end of an era ginbottom. 172 pp. $1.50. Revell. Elwin. 224 pp. $1.50. Revell. in the history of that country New York. 1931. New York. 1931. and the commencement of a new epoch. What this change means For over twenty years Mrs. God-The Eternal Torment of Man. to China and to the complex for- Higginbottom has lived within Marc Boegner. Translated from the eign interests that are involved the sound of India's many bells French by Morton Scott Enslin. 165 is indicated in this v 0 I u m e. and has listened with sympathet- pp. $2. Harpers. New York. 1931. Eleven appendices add valuable ic heart to the more impelling documents and a bibliography. notes of the call of India's peo- God in Freedom-Studies in the Rela- ple. As a missionary of Allaha- tions between Church and State. A. J. B. bad and the wife of a missiona- Luigi Luzzatti. $5. Macmillan. New ry, the founder of the Allahabad York. 1931. Chinatown Quest. By Carol Green Agricultural Institute, she has Wilson. 263 pp. $3. Stanford Uni- often heard the sound of the sa- Good News. C. V. Sheatsley. 156 pp. versity Press, Stanford, Calif. 1931. cred cowbells and those which $1. The Book Concern. Columbus, are worn by the donkey, the ox- @hio. 1931. This book bears the sub-title en, the goat and the elephant. "The Life Adventures of Don- The bells of the temple have His Bequest-The Believer's Riches in aldina Cameron." The sub-title often clashed with those of the is faithfully descriptive. The mission school. The memories Trust. Norman B. Harrison. 48 Pl?· book is the story of one of the awakened by these bells and most devoted, courageous, mod- other associations have given Gift edition 40c, Art cover 25c. BIest and useful women in Amer- Mrs. Higginbottom the opportu- ble Institute Colportage Assn. Chiica. With no trumpets or avoid- nity to describe the various cus- cago. 1931. able publicity, with fearlessness toms of the people, the life on that has faced danger and death the farm, the lives of those asso- He'athen Rage. Gerald Stanley Lee. again and again, Miss Cameron ciated with the temples and 342 pp. $2.50. Smith. New York. has given a generation to the palaces and in contrast the free, 1931. rescue and education of Chinese satisfying life in the Christian schools. She has also given Curing the Incurable. Winifred Com- much of her time to the care of ber. 35 pp. 6d. Church Mission- lepers and untainted children ary Society. London. 1931. and reveals in her attractive stories the need for better medi- Jesus Came Preaching. George A. cal care and Christian guidance Buttrick. 239 pp. $2.50. Scrib- for these sufferers and their ners. New York. 1931. children. She indirectly appeals for some of the needs of the Al- Khama-King of the Bamangwato. lahabad Agricultural Institute. Julian Mockford. 322 pp. lOs., 6d. Anyone who takes Mrs. Higgin- Jonathan Cape. London. 1931. bottom as a guide will learn many interesting things about The Lutheran Hour. Walter A. Maier. the life and customs and needs 324 pp. $1.50. Concordia Pub. House. St. Louis. 1931. of India. The Missionary's Charm. K. M. Mac- Leod. 234 pp. 2s. Pickering & Inglis. London. 1931.

'Items Obituary Notes BOOKS

(Continued from 2d Cover) PRINTED .. .

The Rev. Francis Shunk Downs, D. The Rev. Rennie Maclnness, Bishop We offer a complete book- D.. a secretary of the Board of For- of the Church of England' in J erusa- making service at reasoneign Missions of the Presbyterian lem, died on December 24th, at Burgh- able rates. Write us your Cliurch, has been called to the First by-Sands, Carlisle,' England. Bishop needs. Church of Berkeley as the successor MacInness was 61 years of age, was ordained in 1896 and went to Cairo BOOK CRAFT GUILD of Rev. Dr. Lapsley A. McAfee. as a missionary three years later. 'In 509 Fifth Avenue 1914 he was consecrated Bishop in New York City * *' * Jerusalem, serving efficiently in this capacity for seventeen years. Munshi Ganeshi Lal The Rev. George W. Ric:hards, D. D., and Son president of the Theological Seminary *** of the Reformed Church in the U. S., 9 Drummond Road, Delhi, India at Lancaster, Pa., and former Mod- The Dr. William E. Witter, who erator of the General Synod of that went as a Baptist missionary to Dealers in denomination, has been elected chair- Assam in 1883, and who, after a sixman of the Executive Committee of year term there, served for 20 years Indian Curios, Jewelry and the Federal Council of the Churches as district secretary for the Baptist Photographs of Christ in America, a place for- Foreign Mission Society in the midmerly filled by Dr. Walter L. Lingle. western and New England sections of By Appointment to His Excellency the United States, died in Rochester, The Governor of United Provinces *** N. Y., Nov. 5. Following his secre- tarial service, Dr. Witter had re- write for prices or Henry Roe Cloud, a Winnebago In- t'.lrned to Assam for a seven year pe- Send j:or Sample 100 Rupee Box dian, president of the American In- rIod, b~t since 1922 he resided in dian Institute at Wichita, Kansas, has Rochester. of Interesting Curios been appointed to the staff of the They Make Wonderful Gifts Bureau of Indian Affairs in Wash- *** All goods carefully packed and shipped prepaid.• ington, D. C., as field secretary. He Dr. Joseph W. Cook died of typhus in Hamadan, Persia, on January 7, at Send payment by has been granted a year's leave of ab- the age of forty-eight. In 1912 he Postal or Express Order sence by the Presbyterian Board of went to Persia as a Presbyterian med- National Missions, under whose direc- ical missionary but after five years The COMMUNITY tion the Institute is. Mrs. Cloud will was .obliged to resign on 'account of CHURCHMAN continue at the Institute as super- his health. In 1929 Dr. Cook revisor of student work. turned to Persia. A journal interpreting various ef- forts in union, federated and com- *** *** munity churches toward community betterment. There are now over Bishop Motozo Akazawa, fourth William Sylvester Holt, formerly a two thousand such churches in P!esbyterian' missionary' in China, Americo, the most rapidly develop· Bishop of the Japan Methodist dIed recently at the age of eighty– ing religious movement in the three. At Soochow and Shanghai he country. The larger problems of Church, has been visiting in this coun- rendered valuable service for twelve American' Christianity and of years. Serious illness causing his re- world Christianity also receive try as a delegate to the recent Ecu- tUrn, he turned to work among the attention. menical Conference in Atlanta, Geor- Chinese on the Pacific Coast. The gia. , Chinese church in Portland is known SPECIAL CLUB OFFER as "Holt Chinese Church." The Missionary Review of the *** *** World……………… $2.50 Dr. Helen Kim returned in Novem- The Community Churchllk!ln .. , 1.00 ber to Korea after several years of Gaylord S. White, dean of Union graduate study in the United States. Theological Seminary, New York City, $3.50 She is the president of the Woman's died on December 6th. He was for Both for S2.75. Save 75 cenb. many years head worker at the Union Christian College at Seoul. settlement and had a wide knowledge THE COMMUNITY CHURCHMAN of the many problems in this field. Pork Ridse, III. *** His place will be difficult to fill.

Mrs. Dorr Diefendorf has been *** elected chairman of the Foreign Department of the Woman's Foreign Louise Bates Boomer, widow of Dr. Missionary Society of the Methodist William B. Boomer, who with her Church, taking the place of Mrs. husband gave thirty-seven years of Francis J. McConnell who had re- service to Chile, died September 22 at aigned. East Northfield, Mass. She sailed for Latin America in 1887, and in 1924 *** they were placed upon the roll of hon- orably retired missionaries. She as- Mias Harriet Halverstadt, the Amer- sisted her husband in the preparation ican missionary who was kidnapped of the Spanish hymnal. the latter part of December, was released by the bandits after a brief *** period of captivity. Julius Rosenwald of Chicago, one of *** the outstanding philanthropists of the world, died on January 6th at the age Elsie Schuyler, M. D.. wife of the of sixty-nine. While Mr. Rosenwald was a Hebrew, he gave largely to ReT. Burl T. Schuyler of Lahore, many Christian enterprises, including the Y. M. C. A. and Tuskegee Insti- India, was the recipient of the Kaiser- tute, and to countless other philani-Hind gold medal as an indication of thropies-for Jews, Negroes and oththe aJlPreciation of the government of ers in need of friendly help. His Majesty, King George V, in the eIalPanja~, for her medical work, espe- Citi~ In the leper asylum in Ambala

Christ Known to

The Goods News of the Way, the Truth and the Life through Christ is interpreted to Moslems through the Literature published in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Urdu, Panjabi, Chinese and other languages spoken by Moslems in all parts of the world. You can help to supply this much needed Christian literature for millions who have never heard this Good News-in Egypt Palestine Malaysia Morocco Turkey China AI«iers Arabia Java Tunis Irak Sumatra Syria Persia South Africa India You may not be able to go but you can help the missionaries in these countries through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems.

This Society does not send missionaries but cooperates with the Nile Mission Press and Interdenominational Committees on the field.

BOARD OF MANAGERS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice-Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice-President Mrs. William Borden Dr. John H. Raven Dr. James Cantine, Cor. Sec. Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Mrs. J, M. Montgomery Rev. Mills J. Taylor, D.D.

Rev. Robert W. Searle, D.D. Mr. Fennell P. Turner Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treas. Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D.

Gifts may be sent to The Treasurer at 116 East 68th'St., New York City. Apply for information and literature to The Moslem W()'f'ld, 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

WITH GOD IN PAPUA The work begun by Jdmes Chdlmers dnd Chdrles W. Abel continues. God is working by His Spirit in Pdpua today, transforming former cdnnibals into witnessing Christidns.

Would you like to hear more of the wonderful story? Write for d free copy of KWdto Mission Tidings.

New Guinea Evangelization SocietYI Inc.

HUGH It MONRO, President. J. H. RIGHTER, Secretory. WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer.

156 Fifth Avenue, • • • New York City A Typical Papuan A Work of Faith and a Labor of Love

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1931

THOUSANDS OF VILLAGES WER}: FLOODED IN

lINlIIlIIlIIlIIlIIlIIIIIIII_IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII'I_ _IIIIIIIIIIIIIII~IIIIIIIIIIII_!II TheyAre Thanking God Because they were CURED o/LEPROSY and are now happily attending school, preparing for lives of useful service.

To Save Such as These Are Not Such Lives Worth Sa(ling? The American Mission to Lepers, cooperating with governments and all churches, is helping to maintain 150 Leper Homes in 40 countries- But There Is Desperate Need to extend these healing benefits to all lepers.

JUST A LITTLE FROM YOU will help stretch forth the hand of mercy to those who are still hope- less outcasts.

WHAT YOUR American Mission to Lepers, Inc. Room 1119K, 156 Fifth Ave., DOLLARS WILL DO: New York $40-Complete care of a I enclose $ to help save a leper's leper for a year. life.

$30-The same for a leper Name child. Address $10-Medical treatments for two years, suf- o Please send information regarding ficient to cure an "early" case. your annuity plan.

$5-Food for a leper for two months.

$3-A pair of blankets.

Please mention THE M]SSIO:AR¥ REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writine to advertisers. MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD DIILAVAN L. PIIlBBON, Editor CONTENTS-November, 1931 Paue WHOM SHALL WE SEND …..•…..

••.•••••••.•••••• • PAUL W. HARRISON 805 A MINISTER OF HEALING …..•….

• •.•••••••••••••• SAMUEL GUY INMAN 81:!

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~[ISSIONARY LTFE IN AFRICA AND AMERICA ……….. I,ILLJAN OYLER 841 WHY GIVE THE GOSPEl, TO TIlE MORMONS …… WH,J,l"" E. LA RllK HH EDITORIALS ………••………… + T"ans-Pacific travel can HARASSED CHINA IN A TROUBl.ED VORLD offer no finer lower·cost accommodations than 'rHE FLOOD AND MISSIONS IN CHINA "Empress" Tourist Cabin. Spacious, comforta. }I'LEAUNG H. REVELL ble ••• with Empress cuisine and service ..• and KAGAWA'S MIlSSAGE TO AMERICA a congenial, informal air all its own. All Em. 'fHE COST OF WAft presses have, of course, lnxurious First Class. An unusually fine Third Cabin, too. METHODS FOR WORKERS ……… . …… . EDITED BY MRS. F'. L JOH"SOX 850 Choose from two routes. Via Honolulu sail Empress of Japan, largest, fastest liner on the W~~ii? ~?~~. ~~~. :'?~.~I.~~. ::~~'.- S55 Pacific, and luxurious Empress of Canada, con. necting there with Sau Francisco and Los WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK •…•..•…. 861 Angeles sailings. On Direct Express Route, Empress of Asia and Empress of Russia. Rec. BOOKS WORTH READING ……….. 877 ord speed on both routes-from Vancouver (where trains go (Ureet to shipe,s" side) and TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In clubs ot Victoria. live.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Singi. copl.a, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, Information, rates and reservations from your own agent or Canadian Pacific: New York, 1931. by MISSIONARY R:mVIJIlW PUBf.ISHING COM- Chicago, Montreal and 32 other cities in U. S. and Canada. PANY. INC. All rights reserved. CANADIAN 'l'HE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING PACIFIC . ……. TO THE COMPANY, INC.

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Editorial and Bualne•• 081ce, 156 Fifth Avenue, ORiEnT New York City ."SC… World'. Oreaten Trayel Entered as second·cIass matter at the Post 081ce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 8. 1879.

Ph~ase mention THE MISSIONARY RmVIEW 011' TUm WORr~D In wrltJnJ: to nrlvertJsPJ's. What Is New in the Foreign Field?

BOOKS YOU REALLY OUGHT TO READ Ellasue Wagner Charles Allen Clark, Korea: The Old Ph.D. and the New Religions of A picture of present-day Old Korea Korea in a day of radical Studies by Prof. Clark of change and transition, in the Presbyterian Theo- which a constant blend- logical Seminary of Ko- ing-an assimilation of rea written from thirty the new by the old-is in years of painstaking re- unending process. Fully search. $2.50 illustrated. $1.50 John T. Faris Sir William Wanless Seeing The Mira; Medical South America Mission The author of "Seeing the Far West," etc., weaves a An important missionary bright, chatty, personal narrative-intimate, endocument by Sir William EXItED WITH FAMILY••• chanting, alluring-which brings South America Wanless, who was the Illustrated, $3.00 right to our Northern doors. Illustrated. $2.50 recognized dean of the Ethel Cody medical mission workers Chinese Twice-Born Higginbottom in that field of Christian Charles Ernest Scott, D.D.

service in India, and is The author of "China from With- in" gives us a group of authentic, the record of his personal individual records, each and all of which discover the Gospel of salvaexperience. $1.50 tion, operative in the life of a Chi- nese Christian. Introduction by Stacy R. Warburton Charles G. Trumbull, Litt.D. $1.50. Bells of India The Making of The Words of God Stories of the Great Pen- Modern Missions in An AFrican Forest: insula. The author, wife A notable and valuable of Sam Higginbottom, of addition to the literature the American Presbyteof Christian Missions, by rian Mission, Allahabad, the Professor of Christian Missions in Berkeley Th. Story of the West African Mission makes the Eastern bells Baptist Divinity School, the keynote of her sheaf Berkeley, Calif. $1.50 of charming tales which W. Reginald Wheeler reflect the spirit and at- The Secretary for Africa, Presbyte- mosphere of India. $1.50 Albert D. Helser, dan Board of Foreign Missions, WMauhdeereWD. aMyDadadwenns M.A., F.R.G.S. gives us a deeply-interesting docu- ment-part history, part personal A J a pan e s e Reader.

African Stories narrative. The West African Mis- sion has been at work in the Stories, legends, poems "No one who wishes to Cameroun for a hundred years, and old and new, scraps of understand ·Africa and a goodly portion of his engrossing verse, proverbs, transla- its problems' can afford and informative book has to do tions and ancient folk- to neglect these folk- with the details of Mr. Wheeler's lore concerning the tales."-So1lth Africa. journey to the scenes of its work. Sunrise Kingdom. Illus- Illustrated. $1.75 Illustrated. $3.00 trated. $1.50 FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY, 158 Fifth Ave., New York Please mention THE l!ISSIO:ARY REVIEW OF THE 'VORLn in writini: to adv~rti8er8. China Inlall(l :Ii:s~ioll Statioll, Chellg;yaugkwan, Anhwei. The Muiu Street. Passahle Only by Vndillg, by Swimmillg', or hy Rnfr.

LIV. No.n November

WHOM SHALL WE SEND;.?.'

BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia T HE~E is no subject of great- discuss it here. Preparation is er I~portance ~or all who seventy-five per cent of the reason . a;e mterested. m carrying for success or the failure, and re- ChrIst s message out mto the dark ceives little attention, whereas the place~ of the earth, than that of the technical and intellectual training s~lectI?n and pre!>aration of mis- which counts for twenty-five per SlOnarieS for servIce. cent, receives almost all the atten- As we have said, the object of tion. Here we will discuss the missionary work is to produce a other factors in preparation.

spiritual result over in Japan and The object of missionary work China and India and Arabia and is to go out and put Christ into other fields. Therefore it is most men's hearts, the hearts of those important to discuss the way to ;-vho are now preoccupied with prepare for the spiritual work that Idols of extraordinary strength, lies ahead. Technical theological ~~o are at present devotees of re- training is not ninety per cent of hglOUS systems that hold them with what is necessary for success out a tenacity that is very difficult to there, nor even fifty per cent. That represent. Missionary work is not is true of pedagogical 01' medical easy work-not because the clitraining too. Technical prepara- mate ~s bad, or health conditions tion is of importance and we should are dIfficult, but because we are prepare for the best possible work dealing with men whose hearts are but, nevertheless, we go out to th~ occupied by some other god. The mission fields first of all to bring people are .amalgamated into sysmen to Christ and to bring Christ te?Is. It IS not as though you to men. For the accomplishment trIed to shovel pebbles out of a of that purpose, all that we learn loose pile. With most of the peo- in classrooms here is less than fifty pIe among whom we work, for in- per cent of what makes for suc- stance: in Arabia, in the castes of cess or for failure over there. India, and in China, it is as though Important as this matter is, I there ~as been. liquid cement do not think that, within the last poured mto that.pIle. of pebbles and five years, it has been discussed in they are held lIke Iron; you can any convention or any course of hardly ~et more t~an a few of them study in any institution with which loose wIth dynamIte. r r am acquainted, as am going to ton• TSheemilnaasrty,ofFeabrsuearireys, of lectures ILt Prince· 1981, SOS

On the mission field we work do it? The people that God wants against spiritual forces of extraor- out there, and nobody else. While dinary power. We do not just go we ought to urge men to think out there to wheel baby carriages about the mission field and to go up and down the street; we work out if God wants them, we ought against very powerful systems, and also to urge them to stay at home because of that we should recog- unless they are convinced God nize that the work is exceedingly wants them to go out there. The difficult. That adds force to the first element in our preparation is statement that we go out there to an unshakable conviction that God do a spiritual work. Multi-million- wants us to work out there. That aires might go there together and is not saying how God will guide could not produce one convert with us to such a conviction. We are all their money. We need money, not looking for an audible voice or but we need other things a great a supernatural miracle, but for an deal more. A wonderful piece of unshakable conviction that God acarchitecture may, in a way, ob- tually calls us to the field. That jectify the beauty of holiness and is, to my mind, an indispensable the essential loveliness of the char- element in the equipment of any acter of God, but in a place like missionary who goes out with any Arabia a building of that kind expectation or hope of success in would contribute nothing to our the spiritual work that God desires spiritual ends. to have accomplished.

Stay at Home, Unless- The second element in mission- ary preparation is an adequate What preparation should we get surrender to God's will. We enter to fit us for the work that lies into the Kingdom of God by surahead? First of all we must, of rendering ourselves to Christ, but course, be sincere Christians, but we sometimes forget that we need if we are such, how can we prepare divine grace for a continued surfor this particular work to which render. It is not sufficient to surthe Lord has called us? render today and sail out to Arabia next week. We must continually The first thing to be said is that surrender in Arabia for the next a man or woman ought not to go thirty-five years, or as long as God out into Arabia or India as a mis- keeps us there. sionary until he is convinced that the Lord wants him there. In the This second task is even more old days there may have been a difficult than the first. There are very superficial discussion of what plenty of temptations in a country constitutes a missionary call, as of that kind, especially temptations though it must be a rather super- that attack us along the line of natural manifestation. But there pride. My experience has included is some truth in that. Here is no one who has been tangled up work of exceptional difficulty and in the ordinary temptations of the of exceptional importance. The flesh. though such occur. Prob- Church of Jesus Christ is to be ably you would not be attacked on founded. We are to go out and that side. but everyone is apt to be make disciples of Christ. No work assailed by subtle temptations to in the world is comparable to that pride. It is this that wrecks us in in importance. Who is to go and Christian service nine times out of

ltl:!l] WHOM SHALL WE SEND'!

ten, The temptation comes in find the lists coincide almost with- more than one way. Here is a out any variation. Our success on woman who is offended and will the mission field will depend very not speak to her missionary col- largely upon our capacity to work.

league. What is the matter? Yes- Doctors are open to great criticism terday when other people were in- because we have felt the pulse of vited, she was left out. Her whole missionaries so much and listened impression is probably wrong but to their heart and worried about she was so offended that it took the their health until we have taught active effort of the other party to the missionary body to be afraid heal the wound, It took patience lest they work too hard. More peo- and humility and submission to un- ple come back nervously broken kindness to straighten the matter down from too little work than out. We need to be prepared for from too much. What is a stand- a continual surrender out there. ard? Why not take the common Here is a doctor. How is he go- everyday standard? A little while ing to spend his time? Will he sit ago somebody was throwing a down to do personal work with the brick at the laboring man in Amer- patients, or do some piece of lab- ica because he wanted to do less oratory wor~ which will give him a than an eight-hour day's work.

bit of reputation? This fame When we work for the Lord, let us looks like a -gorgeous jewel. He not have a standard of diligence can do this work and thereby gain that is less than the standard of a reputation; he can get back a an ordinary carpenter or electri- little that he surrendered when cian. Let the eight-hour day be he went to the field. the minimum, but not necessarily Our power in the Lord's service the maximum. I think you would is going to depend upon the depth find that many ministers would of our surrender. The difference have hard work checking up between a man who has about a against that plumb line. Most of tenth of one horsepower in his us are so afraid we will overwork, spiritual life and that other man that we let half an hour go this who has fifty horsepower, is simply way and half an hour that way to a question of the depth to which no purpose.

his surrender has reached. One of our best clergymen in Afraid of Overwork Arabia told me that he had to in- crease his activities a good deal to Now let us pass on to some reach eight actual hours at his job.

things more specific. How ean I In addition to our eight hours at prepare to be the right sort of mis- our job we will put extra time on sionary? We can train ourselves correspondence and articles for to work hard. The most plebian home papers and other accessory sin in this world is the sin of lazi- stuff as we would if we were work- ness. It is also the most common. ing over here for the Telephone If you could make a list of mission- Company. That is hard work, but aries and classify them 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, unless we can do an honest day's on the basis of their capacity for work, we need not expect the hard work at their job, and later Lord's blessing. If our mission- classify them as God judges accom- aries would work eight full hours plishment, I believe that you would a day at the job of bringing the

Gospel message to one individual In our Bahrein hospital we de- soul after another, we would begin cided to experiment. As we take to have more results. That eight down the history of a case, noting hours belongs to the Lord, it be- every day the treatment and reac- longs to the church that sent us tion, so we decided to keep a spir- out, it belongs to those church itual history of all the patients.

members who have sacrificed to We wrote down what kind of Mo- support us. It is very important hammedans they were, and how that outside our work hours we much contact they had had with maintain our touch with friends at Christ's truth-which was mostly home, if we want to retain those none. Then we treated them with friends. various kinds of spiritual medicine.

There are many things that help We tried the dogmatic and system- us save time and energy. A filing atic presentations of the Gospel; . cabinet is worth its weight in gold. God's holiness and man's sin and A half hour spent with an account- the need for a Saviour. We tried ant or in a business office, or with the historical presentation, the some stenographer can teach us prophesies about Christ and His methods and filing systems that life and death and resurrection.

will save days of work. It is worth We tried the parables, and then we while. Reduce the time spent in sometimes used to open the New accessory activity so that you have Testament at random. Each day eight hours left for the honest the results were put down. On work of bringing Christ into con- January 5th Adela was given the tact with men that need Him. parable of the prodigal. Did he A Clear Message like it? Did he understand it Z Did it make him angry? Did he If the first element in the suc- go to sleep? What did happen to cess of a missionary is his capacity him? That was all put down on the to work, then the second element record. We tried to treat every is a flexible and growing message. patient almost every day. So at Perhaps I tread upon treacherous the end of the year we had some ground in this part of the discus- interesting records to study.

sion, but I believe in the Gospel of We could only discover one as- our Lord Jesus Christ. We need to pect of the Gospel that had any study the people among whom we great appeal upon its first presen- work so that we' can present it tation, and that is the mystical as- most effectively. pect of the Gospel-the vine and The people in these lands find it the branches, the bread of life, and, difficult to understand Christ's most of all, the good shepherd.

message. Suppose I stand up and Thereafter we used that almost al- say, "Believe on the Lord Jesus ways as our initial presentation.

Christ and thou shalt be saved." "The Living Christ and Dying Those to whom I am talking do not Heathenism," by Dr. Warneck of know what I mean by "believe." the South Sea Islands reports that They have never heard of the Lord out there they found the best in- Jesus Christ. They have not the itial presentation to be the an- faintest conception of what it nouncement that those who believe means to be saved. So we seek a in Christ need not be afraid of evil simpler presentation. spirits. That is the initial presen-

WHOM SHALL WE SEND?

tation that really penetrates deep ample and work than a man has enough to be understood and ap- when he leaves the seminary. We preciated a little. The search for must have not only a flexible and a that point of contact will continue growing message but we must have as long as you are on the field. a growing understanding of Christ I remember being faced with the and His teachings for ourselves.

problem of preaching on the street I despair of any missionary be- in Bahrein which had been for- ing able to handle the situation bidden. As we took our dispensary that he meets out in Arabia, at work to different villages, we least, unless his own devotional Bi- found that at the end of the morn- ble study reveals now and then ing's work there was half an hour great magnificent jewels of truth or an hour, as we sat out next to never dreamed of before. A man the road, when a crowd of fifty to who sees no more in Christ's teach- a hundred people gathered. I used ings at the end of ten years after to open my reading with that verse his graduation here than he saw in the Sermon on the Mount: when he was graduated is no man "Lay not up for yourselves treas- for missionary work. We need the ures where moth and rust consume vitality and the freshness that we and where. thieves break through get if our own comprehension is and steal." It was a surprise to fresh and vital and growing.

those people to have that word. Without question some mission- There was no danger of their aries ought to study the religions breaking that commandment. To of the people to whom they go, but have their poverty dignified as obe- most of us are far better advised dience to a divine commandment to let that kind of study alone. It was very acceptable to them. That will be better for us if, instead of was our introduction. Then we spending hours on the study of would go on and try never to stop Hinduism or Mohammedanism, we until we had reached a discussion spent that time on the study of of the parable, "I am the good Christ's message and example and shepherd," or a discussion of the their implications and application crucifixion and the atonement. to the situations that we face; then This is what I mean by a flexible we will have a message that will or varied message. Christ was amount to something.

marvelously varied in the way he Do not waste time on the study met men. The woman at the well of Hinduism and Mohammedanism was not taught the same thing as and Buddhism, but put time on the Nicodemus or Zaccheus or the devotional and sympathetic and Pharisee who invited Jesus out to personal study of the message of dinner. We also must have an ex- Christ, so that you begin to see in ceedingly flexible message. it wonderful and magnificent Keep Up-to-Date things that were never taught you and that you can, therefore, pre- To present to different people sent to the people you meet.

that aspect of the Gospel which fits If the first element in our prep- into their minds requires a much aration is the gaining of a capacity more profound and extensive and for hard work and the second a truly sympathetic understanding of growing and flexible message, a Christ and His message, of His ex" knowledge of Christ that increases

rIlE MISSIONARY RI<;VIJ<;W OJ<' THE WOI~L

all the time, then the third, I think, sionary maintains, he would find is unquestionably the training of himself still below some Indians or ourselves in sacrifice. There we Arabs around him in a coast city.

have a difficult subject. Why does Or, if he wrapped one cloth around Mr. Gandhi have such an enormous him and ate one handful of rice a influence in India? It is not be- day, there would still be people be- cause he has such a tremendous low him. As we work from the mind or that his economic program richest down to the poorest it is commands great respect. But Mr. purely a question of judgment as Gandhi has fallen into the earth to which point in that scale we are and died so far as his own self-in- going to imitate. We can not do dulgences are concerned. Christ better than to follow the example said that if we fall into the earth of Christ. He did not go down to and die, we bring forth much fruit, the very bottom of the scale as a otherwise we do not. beggar starving in the street, How Much Sacrifice ~ nevertheless he was not a rich mil- lionaire with soft clothes and The principle of self-sacrifice is jewels. Christ set himself low in essential. I learned a lot when I the scale and there is where we first went ,out to Arabia from an ought to set ourselves.

assistant I had in the hospital who That, of course, in these days is was a converted Afghan. J alalah a most unwelcome teaching, but, and his brother Rakmandan used after all, it is Christ's own ex- to sit and talk with me. They had ample, and if we can talk with not the slightest respect for any re- those Orientals and get their reac- ligious representative whose life tion, we will recognize that they was characterized by what they at least understand this.

would interpret as self-indulgence. If we prepare to work hard at They are not worshipers of abso- our task; if we devote our whole lute ::.estheticism, but in their time to Christ and his message and mind, as in God's mind, self-indul- develop an adaptable message; if gence is the antithesis to the re- we prepare for real sacrifice, then ligious life. You cannot put the I believe we have adopted the three two in the same compartment. A elements of importance in the missionary who is self-indulgent in preparation for missionary work.

his expenditure, in what he eats I want to add one more which, per- and in what he wears; who looks haps, ought to have been put in the out on missionary life as an easy general preparation. We must thing, should stay at home. The train ourselves to pray. We often Oriental understands that when a have to pray a long time without man pretends to bring out God's seeing an answer, and it is some- message, to be a prophet with a times difficult to keep our prayers gospel, that man cannot be self-in- keen and full of faith and our at- dulgent. titude toward God as enthusiastic We must be prepared for sacri- and to realize that God is working fice. How much sacrifice? Ob- even when we can not see the re- viously, we are dealing with a sit- sults.

uation where judgments differ. It There are mission fields where would not make any difference how the answers to prayer come more expensive an establishment a mis- quickly, but there is no field where

WHOM SHALL WE SEND?

a man is safe who has not learned work includes, no doubt, many to pray. It may seem like a bit of technical things. These things are lega)ism, hut a man cannot safely more important-the capacity for come out to the mission field who hard work; much attention to does not set aside half an hour or Christ and a growing knowledge more every day to pray. It is true of Him and His message; ability that Christ sets us no such example to adapt His message to individual of mechanical regularity, but you needs; training in sacrifice; and and I live in an artificial civiliza- finally training in the art of tion and to gain any time for prayer. prayer most of us have to set aside a certain area which we rigorously Missionaries who can come out guard from other things. trained in these ways will be suc- cessful. One more word, and that I do not believe in the appoint- is, we not only must learn how to ment of missionary candidates who pray, but we need to build up at do not know how to pray. Mis- home a constituency of friends who sionaries must hold time free for will pray with us and for us. We prayer at the expense of great ef- must not come out to the missionfort for we need that time for ary field single-handed, we need at twenty other· things. That is the least a dozen or two dozen intimate fourth element in our preparation friends behind us who are going -to learn to pray. We might bet- to pray for us. Develop that kind ter fail in our other examinations of a constitutency. It is a matter than to fail to pray at least half an of the greatest importance so that hour every day. spiritual power of that entire . Preparation for missionary group may be enlisted.

PRAYING FOR MISSIONARIES BY NAME BY ADONIRAM JUDSON GORDON PRAYING for missionaries by name is another means for draw- ing out our interest toward the foreign fields.

Wholesale intercession has always a dangerous tendency. Prayers which are so inclusive that they cease to be incisive, which take in so many interests that they take hold of none-who has not been wearied by such comprehensively feeble intercession? Christians have as much need to be on their guard against platitudinarianism as against latitudinarianism. Evangelical vagueness of desire and petition is a weariness to God and to men.

Instead of praying for the Lord's blessing on our mission fields and upon our missionary brethren in general, let us make a list of their names, and take some of them before the throne of grace each day. Let us make ourselves acquainted with their circumstances of trial or success so that we will have definite petitions or thanksgiving for them. Let the missionaries send home specific requests for prayer, and let them be taken up for definite remembrance.

OU'l'SIDE THE ATTRACTIVE BRITISH-AMERICAN HOSPITAL IN

A MINISTER OF MERCY IN PERU BY SAMUEL GUY INMAN, New York Secretary oj the Comndttee on Coopc1'ati01l in lAlUn America A MESSENGER enters the Others in Peru may not have beautiful palm-bedecked pa- serum for immediate treatment, tio of an old building of or might be batHed by the long Moorish architecture in the sub- distance to the town, three days urbs of Lima, Peru. He rushes by boat and train. But this man through the corridors to a room is accustomed to call on science where sit several immaculately and on humans to help him allecapped and gowned nurses. The viate suffering. A fellow countryone in charge of the office opens the man, who has established a flymissive which states that diph- ing field, is called by telephone. theria has broken out in an inland "Yes," comes the reply, "I will take city. There is no anti-toxin to com- the anti-toxin." While the plane is bat it and anxious parents implore being warmed up, the anti-toxin is the missionary doctor at Lima to hurried to the field by auto. It rush anti-toxin to save their chil- gives one a thrill to see that bird dren. The Chief, to whom every- of mercy rise into the air and fly one tells his troubles, is not easy to over the Andes, an hour after the find among the sick scattered appeal had been received. That through the patios, in the operat- same afternoon anxious parents reing room, one of his laboratories, ceive the healing balm that meant in the dark room or in the dispen- life to their children. sary. When he is found, we see a real leader swing into action. Here is romance and religion in the tropics. To me the incident 812

A MINISTER OF MERCY IN PERU

conveyed a thriH I shall never for- formed, though the patient was too get. To the Chief of the British weak for anything but a local anes- American Hospital it was only one thetic. The Chief kept him cheered of many incidents in a day's work. up with stories, while he pumped Dr. MacCornack's day usually more than half a gallon of pus out begins at 5: 30 A. M., with a brisk of the liver, sewed him up with the ride along the seashore on a favor- rapidity of a Singer machine, with ite Argentine pony. After a 7: 30 more drains arranged than are breakfast the head nurses receive found in an ordinary bathroom.

their instructions for the day, the In a few days the old man was on more critical patients are visited, the road to recovery.

and the first operation is per- What an international crowd we formed. Here we see the king on find among the sixty patients in the his throne! This man may be able hospital wards. Here is a Texan to ride, to shoot, to fish and to tell who has been railroading in Peru good stories; he may be a fine for thirty years; thez:e is the Brit- photographer, a chemist, an elec- ish Minister to Peru; here is the trician, a successful business man- wife of a Peruvian evangelical pas- ager, the respected mayor of his tor who has taken advantage of the little Peruvian suburb. But above hospital to have her baby born un- everything else, he is a skillful der sanitary conditions; there is surgeon. When he swings into a Scotch nurse recovering after six this job, there is no mistake that he months' battle with germs she had – is in his element. A young army contracted in a neighboring institu- of assistants jump to comply with tion. Others include a Japanese commands as if they had been Charge d'Affairs, a German busi- stimulated with an electric cur- ness man, a Quechua Indian peon, rent. Several distinguished sur- an American "beach-comber," an geons may have asked permission Illinois mission-school teacher; to watch this man of reputed mar- through the various wards one may velous power. But he will tell you trace the map of the world.

that it is quite simple: First, be The whole responsibmty for the; sure that you know what is the hospital rests upon Dr. MacCor- trouble with your patient; second, nack. A young assistant is doing deal gently with the insides of the the best he can and Mrs. MacCor- friend on the table; third, keep nack is remarkably efficient in studying every case, and learn as business details. The American much as possible from the experi- and Peruvian nurses are enthusi- ences of others. astic and efficient, but everyone Many different kinds of opera- in the whole institution looks to the tions are done here and some mar- Chief for the final word.

velous cures are effected. One old After luncheon, in the attractive Peruvian gentleman was brought living quarters which Mrs. McCor- to the hospital when all other med- nack has arranged in the rear of ical men had given him up. He the main patio, the Chief shows us looked too far gone to be saved, some movies taken of recent opera- but in a few hours the Doctor had tions. (Think of having your own put him through various tests and operation reeled off before you as had discovered a strange disease of the wielder of the knife explains the liver. The operation was per- just how and why it was done!)

Then we examine the different emanates from the Christian Dikinds of cameras kept by this lover rector of this institution and his of photography, we inspect the associates. model kitchen and refrigerating plant which the Chief has installed Eight years ago Dr. and Mrs. with the proceeds from recent op- MacCornack went to Peru from erations; we stop to pay a hurried Wisconsin where he had attained visit to the pets, the monkeys, par- success in surgery, was president rots and dogs, which help to amuse of a hospital and director of a the big family. bank. Bishop Oldham of the Methodist Episcopal Church had The clinic takes up most of the recently agreed to supply the perafternoon, for a crowd of the needy sonnel of a hospital in Peru if the 'l'HE DOCTOR AND NUR!lING !lTAFF IN THE I,TMA MISSION HOSPITAL from all classes come from Lima British and American communities and Callao. After dinner, the final in Lima and Callao would furnish rounds must be made, and then the the property. The MacCornacks medico takes his rest by putting on heard the call to go to this, to them, a concert for the patients! His in- unknown city and offered to congenuity has hooked up loud speak- tribute a year of service. There ers to an insignificant little port- were only three patients in the hosable victrola so that the music is pital when they arrived; equipnot only carried to all the three ment was of the scantiest. The patios, but also to the city park new doctor spent his first five days where all the community enjoys it. largely in making with his own hands a light for the operating It is scarcely too much to say room. At this juncture the manthat the whole West Coast of South ager of one of the big American America if! feeling the f!pirit that

firms was seized with a strangu- dents in training, is run without lated hernia and requested to be any appropriation from the Mistaken to the newly arrived Ameri- sion Board. The British and can doctor. The doctor had fin- American communities provided ished his operating lamp five min- the buildings. utes before the patient's arrival. Without this he could not use the Far-reaching results may be exoperating room. The two stran- pected from the work of the Perugers exchanged a few words and vian girls who are being trained the sufferer was laid on the table. and sent out each year as nurses. The operation was successful and They are given three years in the a firm friendship was established nurses' school and are fitted to between these two families. serve in public health programs, in other hospitals or in private cases. The one year of free missionary Their influence is already being service has now lengthened into felt in the struggle to improve the eight. Last year the expenses of general health in Peru. the institution amounted to $131,- 000, every cent of which was paid All who have "done time" in the from surgical fees and other hos- British and American Hospital pital receipts. This unique mis- have a warmth of feeling toward sionary enterprise, staffed by the this institution. To have lived with chief surgeon and his assistant, by the Chief and his assistants has eight American and eight Peruvian made life sweeter, has brought God nurses, and a group of forty stu- nearer, and has made Christ more real.

WHAT IS CHRISTIANITY?

C HRISTIANITY is not the established religion of a common- wealth, lest the laws of men become entangled with the laws of the Lord, which are perfect, and the State be found dis- puting for supremacy with the sovereign God.

Neither is Christianity the religion of custom, seeing that the changing traditions of men often modify the Word of God, from which it has been declared that "no jot nor tittle shall pass."

Christianity is not the religion of a human creed, remember- ing that plenary inspiration passed out with the apostles, and no· church has ever been competent to indite a document which shall improve on what the New Testament records once for all.

What then is Christianity? Christianity is the religion based on our faith in and our relation to a Person-a Person whose life was recorded faithfully by men w:ho knew Him in the flesh; a Person whose oneness with the Father was authenticated by many signs and wonders; whose winsome spirit was such as to draw to His side rich men, rulers, outcasts and little children; one who died that we might live; at whose exit the mountains were rent; and whose legacy opened up a fountain of hope for all people.

That Divine Person is none other than He who said, "I am the Way, the Truth, and the Life." JOHN JETER HURT, D.D.

WE REVIVE THE LAYMEN?*

BY THE REV. CORNELIUS H. PATTON, D.D.

Author of ""Go-d'8 Warld/) etc.

T WENTY-FIVE years ago, happened, he said: "We didn't do when a group of laymen met much else but pray. I never have in the Fifth Avenue Presby- attended such a meeting in my life.

terian Church of New York for It was the Haystack affair moved conference and prayer over the to New York. We organized not missionary situation, it was under a society but a movement. It will the pressure of the idea that the be interdenominational but will world had swung into a new posi- seek to place behind the various tion of missionary opportunity. boards the loyal and intelligent They felt that the time had come support of the men of the church- for the laymen of the Church to es."

stand by the cause of world evan- Conventions were held in the gelization in an organized and ag- leading cities of the United States gressive way. If the Church was and Canada and in multitudes of to enter into the new opportunities smaller places. The Movement had in a large and hopeful manner, the courage–shall I say the au- there must be the mobilization of dacity-to make those conventions the lay element in every denomina- self-supporting by charging admis- tion. sion. "What! expect men to pay In the minutes of that New York for attending a missionary meet- meeting, I find that, preceding the ing! Preposterous !" But they resolutions, were these statements: did, and that in astonishing num- WHEREAS, The greatly increased bers. Then came a series of conparticipation of the present genera- structive measures. More courtion of responsible business and pro- age; more audacity. When Camp- fessional men is essential to the widest bell White (the first secretary) and most productive use of the exist- proposed that the only way to suping missionary agencies, and is equally port missions church-wise was to vital to the growth of the spiritual make a house-to-house canvass of life at home, and the parish, and to have the canvass conducted by lawyers, bankers, WHEREAS, In the management of judges, and business men of large large business and political responsi- affairs and wide reputation, some bilities such men have been greatly of us gasped. "It can't be done; used and honored. Therefore be it they never will volunteer for serv- Resolved, Etc. ice like that." But the thing was These were not idle words. They done and in a few years the "Every were drawn up and signed by mEln of importance in the business and Member Canvass" became the acprofessional world. When Dr. cepted method of finance in every Samuel B. Capen (who became the progressive church. Let us hand first chairman) returned to Bos- the palm to the laymen of twentyton and informed me of what had five years ago for inventing a de- o Edited and Condensed from the original vice which no minister would have pa~~~e::;t. °li S~t~hia rs'.iir.es~. ~~~~!~r:,~ry dared suggest.

816 Alas! in 1919 it was decided, 1. By reading, study, discussion, after long debate, to merge the they must be made intelligent upon Laymen's Missionary Movement in world conditions as these affect the the Inter-church World Movement, prospects of Christ. Where are we with the result that the incentive in the progress of the Kingdom?

of this great enterprise was lost in What are the new forces, favor- the wreck of the attempt to cap- able and unfavorable, with which italize for missions and beneficence we have to deal? What changes the solidarity, the enthusiasm of are demanded in missionary atti- the War period, already on the tude, theory and procedure? What wane. are the demands of stewardship in The Central Division Committee a day like this? As Dr. J. H. Old- of the Laymen's Missionary Move- ham, of the International Mission- ment, with headquarters in Chi- ary Council, once remarked, "In cago, opposed the merger with the the Church, as in the political Inter-Church World Movement but realm, the future lies with the man after long debate adopted the fol- who thinks."

lowing: 2. The new movement, like the Resolved, That the Central Division old, should be interdenominational.

Committee suspend activities and ap- It should not be split up into affilipoint a Committee on Resumption which will be in readiness to under- ated denominational movements take its task as soon as the time may for men. The old Laymen's Misbe propitious. sionary Movement was seriously weakened by the denominations This committee called a confer- taking up the idea on their own ence in May, 1922, and voted to re- account, so that in many cases sume activities. The reorganized business men visualized the work committee was, however, hindered as merely denominational propain getting under way until 1927. ganda and the larger incentive was They have sought to conserve the lost. The laymen of today have it old name and to revive the old spir- in their power to reenforce imit. measurably the conception of mis- sions as the enterprise of a steadily Today we are living in a new unifying Church, one direction, at world of opportunity and of peril. least, in which we can dispose our The War has drawn a sharp line forces for the success of Christianthrough the history and program ity as a whole. of every political and social institution. The cause of foreign mis- A strictly interdenominational sions has been affected in notable movement also is free from the netways. A new generation has come work of restrictions and relationupon the scene. New attitudes are ships which characterize our purebeing formed. New theories pre- ly denominational efforts. For the vail. There are new laymen to be most part these are necessary, and enlisted, and they have the opportunity of the ages. within their sphere are of great In any attempt to rally our value, but there should be room for Christian laymen to a new and the free movement and initiative effective support of missions, the of unecclesiastical groups. The conditions of success appear to me genius of our business men has not to include the following: been exhausted by the invention of 2

the Budget and the Every Member blend of existing faiths. They will Canvass. think of Christian missions as the giving of the best–God's best–to 3. There is a demand for more a suffering world. A sympathetic intensive work in adult missionary approach to the peoples of other education than the old-time con- faiths, a glad and generous recogvention method makes possible. nition of high and permanent val- Big conventions may still have ues in other religions-yes, by all their value, but emphasis should means. But a reality-loving Chrisbe placed upon the reaching of tian business man, if he is to back smaller and more influential a world movement for Christ, will groups of prominent business men, do so because he believes the reand officers of local churches. ligion of Christ is supreme and final. 4. Our laymen will rise above the present timidity in appealing We believe that the time is ripe for money. They are dealing with for a revival of lay activity and inmoney all the time and are not itiative in behalf of missions at afraid to ask for it in a good cause. home and abroad. The movement They are not afraid of the word which started the Every Member promotion. They believe that Canvass and the Church Budget money, as the expression of per- and which has been instrumental sonality, is sacred. They realize in aligning tens of thousands of that in the cause of Christ it can business men in 'missionary belief be made immortal. and activity-the enterprise which inaugurated a new era of mission- 5. Finally, our laymen will be ary support-such a movement, if free from the weakness of present- again given a prominent place in day theological speculation. They our counsels and programs, may will want a motive and a message prove the means of leading us out that ring with the faith and the of the present wilderness of critioptimism of Jesus Christ. It is in- cism, hesitation and receding devoconceivable that they will fall in tion on the part of many in the with the idea that Christianity is Church. but one among many religions, or that the ultimate religion is to be a CHRISTIAN STEWARDSHIP Two brothers in New York went into partnership as bankers and brokers. One promised God that when he had accumulated a capital of $100,000, he w()uld retire from business and give the rest of his life to Christian work. He did so, and became one of the greatest Sunday-school workers in America. He was the author of many books on the Sunday school, and acted as the moving spirit in the Sunday-school world. He influenced hundreds of young people to go into Christian work and led thousands of boys and girls to give their lives to Christ. He did not leave much of an estate when he died but he laid up spiritual treasure on earth and in heaven.

His brother continued to give all his time to the banking and brokerage business, but all he left behind when he died was money. There was no evident print of sacrificial service.

Who served men and God best and which one left the largest heritage?

WORLD STEWARDSHIP

BY DAVID McCONAUGHY, D.D., Montclair, N. J.

Author of UMoney.. the Acid Tcst/' (("Mather Earth/' etc.

T HE foundations of the first at the zero hour in the Church of World Stewardship Confer- England. All other branches of ence, which met recently in the Church are ahead of us." Pro- the historic Tolbooth Church, viding himself with textbooks and Edinburgh, were laid several years pamphlets, he has set out to change before 'it opened. In December, that situation and an Anglican 1926, the General Assembly of the Stewardship Commission is now at United Church in India (North) work along this line.

invited the writer to assist in in- Baptist, Congregational, Anglistalling stewardship in its pro- can, Presbyterian, Primitive Meth- gram. Without knowing of this odist and Wesleyan missionary ex- action, the General Assembly of ecutives and the General Assem- the United Church in Korea sent blies of the Church of Scotland and a similar invitation. A little later Ireland are also taking steps in the a similar r~quest came from the same direction. Instructions were Evangelical Union of Churches in given to Scotch ministers to preach the Philippines and the National stewardship during the week of Council leaders in China and Ja- the World Stewardship Confer- pan followed. Across Asia, from ence. The like of this had not been Bombay to Tokyo at sixty-five cen- known in Great Britain before.

ters, I met in conference thousands The General Assembly of the of leaders of the younger churches Church of Scotland recommended to discuss the principles and meth- permanent provision for the incul- ods of stewardship. cation of Stewardship as a recog- On my way out to India, I nized part of the Church's prostopped in the British Isles to meet gram. This recommendation was groups of ministers and laymen in unanimously adopted.

Glasgow, Edinburgh, Dundee and The Stewardship Conference London, and as a result the pro- opened with a special service in posal was made to hold a World old St. Giles Cathedral, marked by Stewardship Conference in Great a stately dignity. Dr. Ware, Dean Britain. As a result the officers of of the Thistle and Chapel Royal, the International Association for preached on stewardship that Church Finances in Great Britain afternoon with great earnestness.

and the United Stewardship Coun- Among the notables taking part cil of America drafted a program in the conference was the Earl which came to fruition during the of Home, genial Chairman of the Conference which met in Edin- International Association for burgh last summer. Church Finances, who entertained The Venerable Archdeacon some 200 of the delegates at his Smythe, who was delegated from charming home "Birsel" out in the Anglican Church Assembly, the Scott country. It was remark- addressing the Church Assembly able that of the more than fifty at Lambeth said, "Stewardship is who had been assigned parts in the 819

program from near and far, the Four commissions in America had Hon. Lord Sands, who was over- been at work for months and their taken by blindness, and Dr. James reports came as a revelation to Black, prevented by an accident, most of those attending the conferwere the only expected speakers ence. An exhibit including some who were absent. Others who at- 300 titles of stewardship pamtended were: Sir William Hender- phlets (selected out of 1000 availson, Lord Polwarth, Sir D. Y. Cam- able) and 49 textbooks served to eron, Dr. John White, of Barony visualize what has been done in Church, Glasgow; Principal W. F. this field during a decade or two. Lofthouse of Birmingham; the On the other side, the first stew- Very Rev. J. Harry Miller, Edin- ardship textbook produced as yet burgh; Mr. Ernest Brown, M. P., has recently come from the press, who, judging by the masterly way "Studies in Christian Stewardhe conducted the session on "The ship" by Rev. D. W. P. Strang, World Challenge of the Church of M.C., M.A. of Edinburgh, who Today," will prove a leader to be made one of the strongest adreckoned with in Parliament; the dresses of the conference on "All Venerable Archdeacon Smythe, Life as a Stewardship." With this who missed nothing in the entire should be bracketed "The Chalprogram; the Dean of Armagh, lenge of the Growing Influence of one of the representatives of the the Material," by Ralph L. Cush- Church of Ireland; the Most Rev. man of Rochester, N. Y. W. J. F. Robberds, Bishop of Brechin and Primus of the Epis- The conference was designed to copal Church in Scotland; Canon be not only inspirational and edu- R. J. Mackay, of the same, who cational but also promotional in extook in everything; Mr. S. E. tending stewardship principles and Hodgkin, a founder of the Friends' practice. Conditions which have Trust, Ltd.; Mr. John B. Gotts, been ripening for some years were Chairman of the Congregational calling loudly for a cooperative Union of London; Dr. Adolph Kel- movement extending this neglected ler, of Geneva; Oberkansistarial- aspect of the Gospel to the younger rat Gustavus and Pastor Harney churches on the mission fields, as of Berlin; Mr. Bahari Lall Rallia well as to the older and desperately Ram, General Secretary of the Na- needy churches of Europe. Hithtional Council, Y. M. C. A. of In- erto no channel had been opened dia and Prof. A. M. Daula, La- to serve this purpose. What rehore, India. Of the Canadian del- sponse would the first World Stewegation may be mentioned only Dr. ardship Conference make? The W. M. Rochester, Chairman of the response was not merely in the Western Section, Pan-Presbyte- ringing addresses which marked rian Alliance, and Dr. Peter Bryce, every session, but in the definite both of Canada. Nine members of plan of action which emerged at the United Stewardship Council of the close, providing for concerted the U. S. A. and Canada attended action in which the stronger naand made valuable contributions; tional groups will aid the weaker, Agar, Crawford, Howser, Lampe, the world around. Out of the con- Long, Lovejoy, McConaughy, Myers and Mrs. James Duguid, Jr. ference there is to emerge a World Stewardship. Union, with a coun- cil to be resolved into two sections,

THE WORLD STEWARDSHIP CONFERENCE

one with headquarters in U. S. A., for Bible classes; a handbook for including council members resident office bearers. The Committee on in North, Central and South Amer- Education for the Ministry is ica, Bahamas, Japan, Chosen, asked to arrange for embodying China and the Philippines and an- Stewardship in pastoral theology other, with headquarters in Great literature for divinity students. Britain, including members resi- Presbyteries are asked to arrange dent in Europe, Western Asia, In- for speakers to present the subject dia, Burma, Ceylon, Malaysia, at their meetings and to appoint Australia, New Zealand, the action Stewardship committees to propaof either section to become effec- gate it among ministers and office tive only when ratified by the bearers. These and other measother. Thus ample scope for in- ures already adopted evidence the itiative is afforded, while preserv- thoroughness with which the ing the integrity of the organiza- Scotch churches are taking up this tion. vital matter. And· this is typical of the spirit in which the delegates In Scotland good progress is be- went down from the Tolbooth ing made in providing educational Church and away to the ends of material, such as textbooks, leaf- the earth with a new vision and a lets, posters, etc., for use in their new passion. congregations; articles in Life CLnd Work, youth magazines and the The story of the Conference has been isgeneral press; Sunday School syl- sued in a book which may be obtained through labuses for lessons and textbooks Mr. H. S. Myers, Secretary of the United Stew- ardship Council, U. S. A., 152 Madison Avenue, New York, at 60 cents a copy.

MISSIONARY GIVING Dr. A. L. Warnshuis of the International Missionary Council has prepared the following table showing the aggregate expenditures of the missionary societies cooperating in the national missionary organizations represented in the International Missionary Council for the years 1927 to 1929. The figures for 1930 and 1931 will probably show considerable decrease.

I i . Average I 1929 Aggrl'gate 1927 1928 : Roar I Expenditu:re EXChange, Reduced to Dollars Australia ………. ,£ 285,701 285,701' –2-85-,-7-01-21'4.86625 :-$-1-,-39-0-,2-9-2-.4-9 Belgium ………… Fr. 145,684' : 207,828 Ii 166.672 .. 0278 Denmark ………. Kr. 2,021,713 i 2,061.520 I 1,971,014 •. 268 4,820.38 Finland (2 societies) M. France …………. Fr. 540.926.38 Germany ………• :M. Great Britain …… ,£ 4,433,839 i 4,241,2891 4,691,507 'I .025185 112,212.90 Latin America ….. $ 3,835,834 3,381,966 3,980,402 .031)175 146,231.03 Netherlands ……. FI. 5,728,059. 5,860,400 6,086,209 .. 238 1,402,190.33 New Zealand ……. [ ,£ U. S. A. and Oanada' $ 2,349,502 . 2,308,704 2,295,021 4.86625 11,280,171.88 Norway ………… KI'. Sweden ………….. Kr. 4,402,657 3,700.1841 …… : 4.051,420.00 Switzerland ••…..• ! Fr. 1,385.317 1,350,564 1,179,000 .402 , 524,593.92 South Africa ••…•• j £ 95,000 96,950 96,9504.86625 i 468,619.88 31.346,972 27,515,956 28,523,939! …… i 29,128,956.00 33,,884974,.302070' 3,240.510 1,796,000 1.268 I 797,792.32 4,016,107 4,625,916 .268 : 1,115,715.36 1,594,925 1,322,887 1,507,203 .193 284,675.97 100,000 100,000 140,000 4.86625 I 551,506.71 $51,800.125.55 1 Figures for 1926. 2 Figures for 1927. 3 EXI'II1,sive of expenditure in Latin America.

WORKING MAN AND THE

BY THE REV. EDGAR M. WAHLBERG, Denver, Colorado Pa8tor oj Grace aon~munity ChU1"oh EVERY individual has a right this light the Church must confess to live completely the full that it has not adequately served range of creative possibility, the needs of the working man.

both as a unit and as a member of More often it has embarrassed him. society. Application to this right Too often in his darkest hour and involves specific interests and prob- most terrible need, the Church has lems. To the working man, the spe- refused to lift a finger in his becific application is largely tied up half.

with economic well being. Charity and philanthropy be- The Church dare not limit itself come a patch on the social fabric through which may still be seen the to purely religious problems; it hideousness of it all. In the presmust face also the ethical and prac- ent order, one cannot outrun ignotical if it is to help the working rance, superstition, injustice, sufman. Poverty may have led St. fering, exploitations, fears, hun- Francis into the Church and holi- ger, rags, awfulness. The best is ness; nevertheless, poverty leads often bad. Appearances do not a greater number away from the save. Worst of all, and over it all, Church. is the ever present and grim figure of privilege. In our confused social order, the Church cannot deny one of the two In order to help the working conflicting alternatives, paternal- man, the Church must endorse or, ism and trusteeship, or complete as Bishop McConnell has sugdemocracy. If the Church chooses gested, must baptize and take into the former theory, it is in easy its fellowship only that social orcompany and well entrenched. It der which the Church is sure has is then a free agency to inspire the been completely converted. The erection of philanthropic institu- working man must eventually meet tions and to spend increasing mil- his own needs. If these needs are lions in charity, without any seri- to be met through the Church, the ous analysis of the status quo. As working man must be in the such, the Church will have the full Church. He will not come to the confidence of the powerful, and can Church until his confidence is reenjoy frank optimism. Because stored. this theory is held by the dominant group, it will be complacently ac- Generally, the worker is outside cepted by many in all walks of life, of the Church, and where he is asincluding many working men who sociated with a workers' movemay find that the system does ment, he is prejudiced against the serve him to a certain extent. Church. To gain his confidence, the Church must know how labor If, however, the Church chooses thinks and feels. The intelligent complete democracy, its function is worker is certain that the Church far more difficult. Its effort may as a whole is influenced by the ultimately shake the foundations dominant economic life of the day, of long accepted institutions. In 822 and is unacquainted with his essen- effective these resolutions have tial needs or struggles. been may be indicated by a Social There are churches and church Service report in a Methodist Con- leaders preparing the way for a ference, in which the Commission new day of evangelization. Some undertook to discover the actual of these are as effective as any out- status of the "Social Creed of the side of the Church. They voice the Churches," and of the social mind- plight of the worker not as a victim edness of the conference member- of charity, but as a responsible ship. The questionnaire was sent agency in the creative genius and to 157 pastors representing all power of society. They stand for types of churches. The report fundamental adjustment and clearly indicated that fully "half change, offering labor a just place of the laymen are relatively indif- in the cooperative challenge of the ferent to the social implications of Church. They want labor to speak the GospeL" In spite of the dis- for itself, and they aim that labor ciplinary request that the social shall be heard. creed be read once a year, less than Some feel that this is flirting one-third of the churches gave any with radical propoganda. It is not attention to it. In still fewer as radical as it seems, if we recog- churches were the annual reports nize that' the function of the of the Social Service Commission Church is to christianize and to es- called to the attention of the con- tablish a Kingdom of God on earth. gregations. In less than half of Until today the christianization of the churches no particular atten- our capitalistic society has been tion seemed to have been given to largely the capitalization of Chris- social subjects in the educational tianity. An honest attempt to programs.

christianize the worker would A Social Creed Questionnaire bring the Church much nearer the highway of God. The writer, in teaching a course Bishop McConnell says: "The in "The Church and Industry" at trouble with all social systems is an Epworth League Institute, be- that they need Christian birth into gan the course with a social creed a new spirit. It is no doubt quix- questionnaire on the first day, to otic when a preacher tries to bring discover how much these Methodist labor radicalism into line with the young people were thinking about spirit of Jesus, but it is no more such matters. There were twelve quixotic than to attempt to get oil questions. Ninety-nine members kings, and steel kings, and meat of the class replied.

kings, and grain kings to rule pri- In answer to the question, marily for the service of the gov- "What do you think of Russia?" erned. It is a strenuous task, any only ten responded with even a suway you look at it, this task of in- perficial understanding. Most of stitutional regeneration and sanc- the opinions expressed indicated tification." * hearsay and prejudice, suggesting Most denominations have made every conceivable color, such as fairly definite pronouncements sug- "uncivilized," "infiuencing world gesting radical movements along for the bad," "primitive laws and the whole Church front. Just how ideas," "radical and dangerous,"

• LivIng Together," page 110. etc.

There were sixty-one different taken seriously its application to reasons given for the present de- the needs of the working man.

pression, ranging from war and The irony of it all was revealed over-production, to Hoover, pessi- in a delegation from a mining mists, Kaiser Wilhelm and Com- town, which, in desiring to be dis- munists. Blame for the depression tinct, dressed as miners, with extended from foreigners, inven- miners' caps. The members of this tors, gangsters, and multi-mil- delegation in the class in Industry, lionaries, to "Nobody, it was just came not from miners' homes, but time for one." Various remedies from the townsmen and business were suggested, such as "Needs no element.

change," "by not living so high and The Church cannot meet the fast," "putting bums to work," needs of the working man until it "system like Russia," "no use do- is working-man conscious. Even ing anything; poor are hopeless; the average American working don't know how to use what they man, not as yet class conscious and have." Fifty-five felt that some- aware of a class struggle, has only thing was wrong, and forty-five felt a nominal interest in the Church.

that there might be some kind of His support can be and is periodi- trouble or revolution. cally exploited by waves of occa- Seventy-two thought that there sional local enthusiasm. He isn't was free speech in America, re- prejudiced, and yet to him the gardless of what one might believe. Church doesn't make a lot of differ- In answer to the question, "Where ence. have you read anything about any of these questions recently?" thir- No wonder the Industrial ty-two had read nothing; others Church is a battle, even where for had gleaned their convictions from years the Church and the pastor the Literary Digest, Liberty, have consistently attempted to American Magazine, Popular Me- meet the worker on his own chanics, Saturday Evening Post, ground. Nevertheless, it is here The Denver Post, etc. Six men- that the Church is really beginning tioned the Epworth Herald. to meet the needs of the working man. For the time being, a work- Not one in the class was aware ers' church cannot be anything but of the "Social Creed of the Church- class conscious. To serve the es." Only one reported remember- worker means nothing less than to ing his preacher ever saying any- fight with him in his struggle for thing about the subjects. In re- fair play and justice.

sponse to the question on War, An Industrial Church in Denver seventeen were pacifists, forty-one Grace Church, Denver, through believed in disarmament, and thir- the leadership of Dr. George S.

ty-one in preparedness. Forty- Lackland, and Dr. A. A. Heist, has seven believed that prohibition was earned national recognition for its the major issue of the day. In intelligent and effective service to these two instances, there was evi- the working man. Here, labor is denced clearly the influence of the invited through the years to work Church. Certainly, this report, out its destiny. Wherever and however superficial it is, indicates whenever labor has needed an ex- that the Church has not as yet tra wheel, Grace Church has func-

THE WORKING MAN AND THE CHURCH

tioned. Such institutions as the With sinking heart I remembered Labor College, Labor Summer that these two gentlemen had can- School, etc., were established vassed Tony's neighborhood for through the cooperation of Grace church funds, and I thought that Church. Whenever free speech is here was a characteristic experi- threatened, the Denver Open Fo- ence, in which folks get angry rum has given the worker a chance when asked for money for the to hear and talk. Church.

In times of agitation and stress, I started to explain, when he in- whether in a strike, or the organ- terrupted, "N0, no, no, I mad ization of a cooperative, or a 'cause dey no ask me for no sub- Mooney-Billings mass meeting, scrip."

Grace Church is open for assem- My spirit revived, and I volun- bly. Gradually, suspicions have tered that I was an agent of the been lifted and the workers of Church, and could do for him that Denver, and many over the coun- which had been neglected. The try, are beginning to realize that Church received its first $5.00 in after all, the Church has a place in cash. I asked Tony why he didn't the sun. They find their young come to church, "Oh, I come some- . people intelligent and conversant, time. I come sometime," he said.

and surging with aspirations, "Yes," I retorted, "you come through discussion and study sometime and bring your wife."

classes, and the Cooperative and This induced an explosion, "No, Credit Union. no, no! My wife? No, no! My In it all, and around it all is a wife, she no good. She no spek spirit of worship, in which is prac- Englis, she no write Englis, she no ticed the prellence of God, and in good, but I come sometime."

which the principles of Jesus are "Yes," I said, "Be sure and evaluated, and a social gospel is come. Your wife is all right. She preached. There is planted a seed, can hear the music. You come now germinating, soon to grow. with her. Do you both good."

If the Church as a whole will heed, He grasped my hand, holding it statistics will be no matter. Men tight and drawing it gradually to will come by the thousands, proud his breast, so I could feel his heart and happy to own their Lord. beat. I shall never forget that Tony, an Italian, came running heart. It was the heart of a work- to me one day as I stood on a street ing man, pleading for all that was in the little coal mining camp of good. He said as no other could, Hiawatha, Utah. Tony, in New "I go to your Church once. I see York, might have been an efficient de cross in de front of de Church.

banana salesman, but he was a You my priest." Then desperate- miner and having a hard time of it. ly, and with tears, as if all the He called breathlessly, "Father world must hear, "Your cross, my Walgub, Father Walgub, I wanna cross."

talk on you." May this be so. May humanity "Come on Tony," I replied, be entirely released to live, to lift, "talk if you want, talk all over to sing, to laugh, to work, and to me." love, in a common joy, with grim "I mad, I mad, I mad, Mr. Rud- privilege, unmasked and converted, dy, Mr. Brady," he said in a rush, for the good of all men.

A MINISTER SOLVES

SINGLE-HANDED, the Rev. ninety days fr~m 75 to 345 persons, William T. Morgan of War- one substantial meal at noon, and rior, Alabama, set himself to many at breakfast. ThQusands of the task of removing 300 names of piecE*! of clothing have been distribunemployed from the charity list. uted to the needy. Used garments The miners had to be trained in un- and shoes have been repaired by his own workers. They now have a poultry plant com- plete w.~th a capacity of 750 fowls, and about 100 fowls are in the pens. Most of the men and their wives want t~ follow agriculture.

There is a garage for the accom- mQdation of young men studying the art of automobile mechanics. Other classes are maintained in shoemaking, carpentry, and furniture repairing.

There is a complete canning fac- tory, with a ·daily capacity of 2,000 cans. An experienced commercial canner instructs the students. There is also a large grist-mill which will soon be in operation. They will grind for the c~mmuni ty as well as commer- cial purposes. ..

One of the largest industries is the women's work. About seventy-five women and girls have enrolled for the sewing classes, which are specializing in quilts. About twenty-five different B y Court es" of the Literary Dige. t patterns of quilts are being made out T HE REV. WILLIAM T. MORGAN of new cloth.

familiar work for their day as coal- Nowhere in the country is a saner miners was ended. Mr. Morgan organized families into a commu- effort being made to solve the unemnity center and taught them agriculture, shoe-repairing, and other ployment problem. trades. School work is an important part of The Montgom ery Advertiser (Quoted in The Literary Digest) the experiment. Many of the resisays: dents, adults and children, are learn- He and his workers have cleared about twenty acres of land, have taken ing to read and write and are masterabout 75,000 feet of lumber from the timber out of which lumber the houses ing the rudiments of arithmetic. At needed have been built. The entire forty acres is now one large garden. the center there is a half-day of work Mr. Morgan has fed every day for and a half-day of schooling.

And all of this has been done with less than $3,000 in cash! There have been liberal donations of certain ma- terials, but the land had to be bought, and there- were unavoidable expenses which could be paid Qnly in cash.

This shows what leadership, courage, and enthusiasm will do to solve this great prOblem.

82(i

!ourfewy of The Literary Digest (See article p . 8t6

UNElfPLOYED MADE SELF-SUPPORTING BY MR. MORGAN IN ALABAMA HELPING HOMELESS WORKERS BY ADELA J. BALLARD We8tern Super,";8ar of M 'igrant Wo r k, Oaun(}/I of Wom en for !lame Mi s.ia"",, A LONG line of decrepit cars "You give foods till crop are were parked in front of the gone? Much families, and no of "General Merchandise" sign the moneys. You let buys for us?" of the small-town store. A group "Who you work for," asked the of nondescript individuals crowded clerk gruffly, "Did your boss sign the long room until the chatter was your slip?" The two men shook deafening and the air stifling. a despondent negative and the first Two growers pushed their way speaker replied: back through the throng into the office where the manager sat work- "He say 'not know us.' Next ing on the books. Children were year mebby he sign paper. Not here, there and everywhere. Two now. No work-no eat! We pay. races and a dozen nationalities Many childrens-all works. Got mingled amicably without a trace eight-ten-oh many children." of friction. Without more words the clerk Two men, obviously new Ameri- passed the assignment slip to the cans, stood hesitantly back while manager who happened to be passothers were selecting stores of ing with the two growers who had canned goods from the laden entered his office a moment before. shelves. Finally one of the two He glanced at the slip, eyed the approached the hurried clerk, hesi- pair appraisingly, asked to be tated, then took courage and asked shown the family cars and finally diffidently; nodded in affirmation, "Oh, give 'em five dollars worth of stuff, 'an 827

I'll see Gregg. They look like fair "You cannot shop in peace. You risks. Big nuisance this bunch, cannot even drive along the highbut I suppose if they pick they ways without encountering their have got to eat. disgusting camps," she finished ir- ritatedly. "Why let them?" He turned to the two men, "You see you pay! Be in here Saturday. At her elbow a townsman spoke Nothing more for you until Gregg quickly: sign your paper!" "Let them! Would you come out At this moment the door opened and pick berries for me? Mine are and a local woman entered the dropping from the bushes! I've got to get fifty pickers at once. If HELPING AN INJUR~JD CHILD IN THE we do not have three thousand of COTTON FIELD them in this valley we go broke. No one here will stick to the job. store. Utter disgust was in her Its no play work and the pay is attitude. "Why do you give credit rotten unless the crop is heavy. to such riffraff," she asked dis- I'm glad enough to see the bunch gustedly. "There ought to be a go. We get anything from small law against such people entering pox to leprosy while they are here the town. The school is full of but we've got to have 'em. Any them and we have to see our own pickers in this morning?" he asked children mixed up with them and the manager, who was also mayor, in with them. Public money should and Berry Growers Association not be spent on children who come president as well as a few other from outside our own county. No things. one knows what diseases they bring and as for morals-" words A fellow grower took up the failed her for the moment. woman's question.

"What are you going to do? You want your canned goods. You want the fruit which isn't raised in this locality. The work is all done by migrants. You local folk won't do the work. Migrants are a neces- sary evil. Let 'em work and get out. But I'll tell you one thing! We are not going to have a hang- over of ninety or a hundred fam- ilies for this town to support this winter. Fruit over, out they go. Cheaper to give 'em gas to get out than to have 'em hanging around in the berry shacks. If we cannot get 'em out any other way make 'em so uncomfortable they will be glad to get out. We've got to have 'em, but there's no sense in spend- ing money on them. 'On agin, off agin, gone agin Flannigan,' is my motto when it comes to pickers." He turned to the merchant-"!'ll

HELPING HOMELESS WORKERS

see you get your money, there now. A funny bunch, but more won't be much left for the poor decent than some. My wife said devils, but we have to protect our some of them went to church Sunbusiness men. Where do they come day night. That's got to stop. from? Every state in the union I We'll have epidemics all over the guess. Any kicks on the housing neighborhood if that keeps up." this year?" he asked the other grower. "Religion for pickers," laughed a newcomer. "They wouldn't know "Yep," the man growled impa- it if they met it. They probably tiently, "Two fools came down went to church just as they would from the state department this go to a circus. But we do sell a week. Sanitation! They don't know heap of stuff to 'em all told. I got how to use it when they have it. rid of two old cars to some who A CANNERY VACATION SCHOOL IN CHARGE OF A NURSE EMPLOYED BY THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME ",USSIONS I put a screen door on each cabin- came in last week. Pretty good they tie it back with a string. It price too. They wan't worth much, takes a policeman to make them but trust a fruit tramp to get the use the garbage cans. I put new last mile out of the old tin Lizzie. wash basins in the shacks and the Don't suppose they'll ever get the idiots use it to wash the kids faces balance paid for, but I can take it in the morning and to boil the pota- back at the end of the season and toes in at night! They are certainly have a new sale next year. Plenty a messy lot. Hope enough of them room in the old garage to store come in so we can pick today. I 'em." put 'three hundred wanted' on my ad. Don't suppose I'll need more The group separated as a crowd than a hundred and fifty, but as of pickers entered the door. The long as they keep coming I can sign "One thousand pickers wanted immediately" had lured them to pick and choose. Got fifty families the town. This was small, but the

thousands of acres of back country tion and poverty, coupled with held the greater part of the popu- inadequate housing and almost lation which demanded the migra- complete lack of sanitation makes tory group four months of the the health of the migrant worker year supplying the fruit which a menace to his own group and to kept another huge group of mi- any community into which he may gratory families busy in the can- enter. Many of the camps are not neries of a near-by city. immoral- they are frankly un- This conversation reflects rather moral. Literally thousands of the faithfully the attitudes, problems, children are born in the crops- the indifferences of the average many of them die there for the population of the average town mortality of the child in the sea- where the migratory labor groups sonal labor camp is very high. Few swamp all agencies for a few brief communities have a sympathetic months of the year or are a prob- attitude toward the migrant work- lem of the entire three hundred er – the situation is regarded as and sixty-five days of the twelve hopeless, although there are some months. Because of the reaction happy exceptions to this statement, on our future citizenship – for but these exceptions are usually in there is more than a million and localities where a religious agency a half of people in the U. S. whose has demonstrated that it is possible lives are conditioned by the crops to change conditions and that the -it is time we faced the problem migrant will respond to sympa- squarely. thetic friendliness.

This the home mission agencies With the tangle of races; the tried to do in Section XI of the jumble of creeds; the racial an- North American Hom eMissions tagonisms and the superiority com- Congress. From that Section came plexes, the task of meeting the some challenging conclusions: need of the migrant is a difficult First the general situation was one. For the Anglo-Saxon is not faced. Both religious and social the only one with a superiority workers sat in at the Conference, complex-sometimes one of the together they summed up facts: first duties of the worker is to We as a nation are fast becom- teach that "some Americans are as ing a highly specialized agricul- good as the people of other races."

tural country. This development And the home mission worker must has involved the bringing in of a acknowledge that the community vast number of seasonal laborers, and the grower have problems to many of them family groups. These face as well as does" the migrant people must shift from place to himself. We cannot ignore the place in order to have anything fact that much of our wealth and like continuous employment. For of our personal release from these shifting nomads there can be drudgery comes to us from the no normal home life; little of help- work of this group. Forty-three ful social contact with community millions of wealth comes into one life; even where compulsory school state alone through the work of attendance laws are enforced, the the seasonal laborer!

constant change of location pre- The need of this vast army of vents adequate educational oppor- people, not less than a million and tunity. The ignorance, supersti- probably many more than that is

an outstanding challenge to the far distant from organized church followers of Christ today, but the work. call is for a cooperative service: Cooperation financially has made Health, educational, social and it possible for the Council of Womreligious agencies must offer a en for Home Missions to transform united service if the need is to be the thinking of a few communities met, but the church must lead in where migrants throng. It needs community program and not fol- demonstration stations to convince low. It is folly to duplicate the the grower, the community, the work of other agencies-the func- church, that new ideals can enter tion of the church is to sanction migrant camps; that lives can be where other agencies have better transformed; that the problem of equipment for the task and to sup- the grower can be lessened and betplement by fostering community ter service gained if camps are sentiment in enforcement cam- made habitable, health conditions paigns and the educating of com- bettered and moral training given. munity attitudes. Denominational It is the cooperative service that competition must be forgotten that the grower welcomes, he wants no denominational cooperation may divisive effort in his camp, but a offer service: That the church may Christian service wins respect; he serve there must be welcomes the Christian teacher, nurse, and friendly visitor who will Intelligent cooperation with secular migrate with the migrants. Where agencies. the grower welcomes he supports the work. More adequate training for ministers and workers entering rural fields. The church must lead in trans- forming the thought of communi- Willingness to allow the home mis- ties; in making possible the assion agency best fitted for the work similation of the migrant into the to occupy the field. community life, we must first make this life attractive to him be- A Christlike attitude on the part fore you can make him desire it! of Christian people. This can be done only through in- timate contact with "living epis- Home training which will allow tles," radiating the love of Him friendship projects with the alien on who came to serve. Only the our doorstep as well as with the child church can change the tragedy of across the sea. the life of the migrant and make of him an asset instead of a men- Education within the church group ace to the national life of America. which will stress the economic values of the work of the migratory group– The answer to the question, "Who is the racial contributions and the in- my neighbor?" must take in all the dividual worth and the potential pos- children of men, whatever their race, sibility of the migrant child. color or creed.-William Lyon Phelps.

Protective legislation and enforce- We measure the greatness of a man ment to insure the migratory worker by what he does in adversity.-A. W. the rights, protection and environ- Beaven.

ment which should be the right 0-1 every citizen.

An adequate financial support for the agencies such as the Council of Women for Home Missions, the Home Missions Council, etc., in the putting on of surveys and programs in fields

MISSIONARIES USE THE

BY HUBERT W. PEET, London, England Editor 01 the Far and Near Pres8 Bureau M ANY missionaries in far dis- with others living in isolated spots. tant lands find in wireless a In the New Hebrides advance in- new means of refreshment, formation of coming storms is spiritual, mental and recreational. greatly helping the missionaries in "The wireless keeps us from becom- breaking down belief in witchcraft ing old fogies and 'moss-backs,'" and the rain-maker. An Indian said one man living in the forests missionary says that during King of the Amazon. The chief obstacles, George's illness he was pestered for apart from expense, are atmospher- daily reports of the King's health ics; difficulty regarding recharging by the people of his village.

batteries, as in Tristan da Cunha; This same missionary takes his or the climatic effect on the receiv- home-made four-valve set with him er. The Bjshop of Melanesia says when he visits other villages in everything soon goes rusty in his Bengal. He puts up his aerial in part of the world. On the other the palm trees and listens to the hand, in Persia, Bishop Linton's afternoon Bengali program from difficulty is that the Baku Station Calcutta. The villagers crowd jams Daventry in three languages! round his loud-speaker to listen be~ Missionaries, in some fields, are fore he begins preaching and teach- among the few people who are able ing.

to listen to the events "the day be- The most ambitious missionary fore they occur !" For calendar pur- use of wireless in India is the poses the day is deemed to begin at scheme being carried out by Mr.

the 180th meridian which runs Harold H. Peterson, of the Y. M.

from Behring Sea to the South C. A., Lahore. Their Radio Club Pole: New Zealand is on the west last year obtained a transmitting of this line, and the Cook Islands license from the Indian Govern- are on the east of this Date line. ment, permitting them to broad- Before the sun sets in the Cook cast on 340 metres with a power of Islands area, it is heralding the 100 watts. Their station is entirely next day of the month in New Zea- home-made and their programs land. Thus when it is still Satur- cover an area of over fifteen hun- day night with the missionary in dred miles. In addition to their the Cook Islands he and his island- own stUdio in the Y. M. C. A. build- ers can listen to the Sunday morn- ing, they have wires running to the ing service being broadcast in New Forman Christian College and to Zealand! When the Rugby team the Lahore Telephone Exchange.

play a test match in Wellington, They can thus pick up and broad- New Zealand, on Saturday, the re- cast valuable lectures and talks, suIt is heard by wireless on Friday both in English and the vernacular, in Cook Islands. given elsewhere than in the studio.

This opportunity of getting news Dr. Lindsay, Master of Balliol Col- by radio is one of the great advan- lege, Oxford, dUring his recent visit tages which missionaries now share to India, spoke on Adult Education, 832 and three members of the Indian ast, four hundred miles from the Round Table Conference on their coast in Central Africa, reports return, gave accounts of their ex- "static is as bad as anywhere on periences in England. This is a earth." After he had made a short- wonderful piece of work, especial- wave set, he began to pick up code ly as all the operations and main- messages from amateurs from all tenance are carried out by inter- over the world; Australians in the ested amateurs, British, American afternoon; South Africans and and Indian. Englishmen in the evening; Amer- Another interesting example of icans in the early morning. One the missionary use of wireless is at evening he heard the Queen of the the School for the Deaf, belonging Netherlands opening a new Dutch to the Church of England Zenana station. The two British Stations Mission at Mount Lavinia, Ceylon. are heard plainly and Nairobi, in By the use of what is called an "os- East Africa, comes over well. He siphone," those who can hardly also hears American stations. This hear ordinary speech are able to was all done on a home-made set, listen to wireless programs. . constructed, as he said, of "any old Excellent educational work is also junk." He never had more than being done in some parts of China, three fairly good. valves. He made although in certain remote districts his condenser out of some pieces of the uneducated fear that the aerials brass washboard and a broken are some devilish form of entangle- photographic developing tray; he ment! improvised other gadgets out of At Jefferson Academy, a mission- odds and ends. For a time he re- ary school twelve miles from Peip- made his batteries by adding zinc ing, a Chinese gentleman, Mr. Eu- and sal-ammoniac to old ones. Later gene J. Fan, is responsible for two he constructed a small dynamo, weekly broadcasts from the school, driven by a water-wheel, and cut up power for the transmission being an old motor battery which he obtained from the Peiping Tram- mounted in test tubes and charged.

ways plant. These programs are The authorities in the district-it picked up by the workers from the was not British territory-were school and also by the village very suspicious of what he was do- churches. Mr. Fan has taught ing, but his success is an indica- many of the boys how to make sets tion of what a missionary, who is of their own, through which they also a wireless enthusiast, may ac- pick up Chinese and Japanese sta- complish.

tions. The Japanese broadcasting Anglican and Roman Catholic system is well developed, and mis- missionaries in East Africa are sionaries are not infrequently in- hoping great things from the de- vited to·speak or preach over them: velopment of educational programs Missionaries on the Gold Coast at the wireless station at Nairobi, of West Africa set their clocks by in Kenya Colony. Some of them Big Ben, in London, but over a can pick up stations as far afield as great area of Africa, atmospherics Java and Australia, but such pro- and the small number of broadcast- grams are of little educational ing centers prevent missionaries value for African listeners.

making much use of wireless pro- Another wireless expert, Mr.

grams. One experienced enthusi- George Kirby Raws, of Liverpool, 3 went out to help Mr. Kendall Gale veloped wireless service in the in a very undeveloped part of northern parts of Australia in con- Madagascar. They get European, nection with its medical centers.

American and South African sta- Each post is. equipped with a wire- tions. Mr. Gale says that it is dif- less outfit through which it is pos- ficult to express what it meant to sible to communicate with their fly- listen-in to a Birmingham concert ing doctor at his center hundreds and to think that his wife and chil- of miles away. At first the great dren in that city were probably difficulty was how to provide a listening-in too. The fact that he simple type of generator for the can hear the preacher breathing transmission of messages. The and some of the congregation Mission solved the problem by the coughing, as he did recently during use of an apparatus, the power for a Westminster Abbey broadcast which is generated by the operator service, seems to eliminate the dis- with a pair of pedals, as if he were tance between Madagascar and cycling. Today the isolated mis- England, and make him a worship- sionaries and nurses can get advice per in London. and help with very little delay. A The more primitive of the Afri- letter from a missionary in the can tribes; who have been able to Gulf of Carpentaria tells how his listen-in to some missionary's set, receiving and transmitting set has soon tire of this white man's won- broken down his feeling of isola- der. They appear to prefer the tion. Last autumn he sent out by gramophone, which is a more un- his transmitter a description of the derstandable mystery, especially as symptoms from which he was suf- the number of records in native fering and shortly afterwards he languages is rapidly increasing. received a message that the remedy One of the first "wireless" instal- was on its way by aeroplane to lations in the Far North was at the catch the boat which visits his is- Moravian Mission School at Nak- land every four months.

kovik, Labrador. It came in re- Missionaries in the Fly River sponse to a Sunday afternoon talk area of New Guinea, where· James six years ago, when Captain Jack- Chalmers was murdered, now pick son mentioned the need for a re- up Australian programs. In the ceiving set. More than one church Gilbert Islands, some of the most in Newfoundland now broadcasts lonely in the Pacific, the Beru Sta- services which are picked up by tion of the London Missionary So- fishing fleets, and by missionaries ciety has a wireless transmitter and settlers in the Far North. In and is able to communicate by Alaska, the missionary at the Pres- Morse Code with the Government byterian Mission at Anchorage, and Phosphate Commission wire- regularly puts his services "on the less operator on Ocean' Island.

air" for the benefit of scattered lis- Last year five hundred Gilbertese teners in those Arctic regions. Bibles were wanted in Beru, so a Frequently wireless brings aid to wireless order was sent via Ocean sufferers in the mission field. In Island and Sydney to the Bible Australia both air and ether enter House. The books were delivered into the regular programs of work by the "John Williams" only four- undertaken by the Australian In- and-a-half months later, whereas land Mission, which has a well-de- ordinarily it would have taken over

SHALL WE ADVANCE?

a year between the sending of the right,' and I've been a Christian message and the delivery of the ever since." This lady later had Bibles. The workers on Beru now evidence of the reality of the new know when they may expect a visit life this man was living, for he was from the "John Williams," or what known everywhere for his truthhat! happened when she is late. worthiness.

A lady who was visiting the In refreshing men and women Pyramids in Egypt asked her in their loneliness in the mission camel~driver if he were a Chris- field with news, amusement, as well tian, "Yes, now," he replied. as services, and as an instrument "Last year, went to England with for the dissemination of knowledge my master. On wireless I heard and the spread of the Christian of Jesus Christ. I heard nothing Message, wireless has an increasbut a voice. I go on my knees and ing part to play in building the I say 'Here am L' Jesus said 'All Kingdom of God.

SHALL WE ADVANCE?

T HE modern missionary move- than when Dr. Wainwright went to ment is more than a century that country forty years ago. old and marvels of spiritual triumph have attended its course. It is not cause for discourage- Millions of people have been con- ment that evangelization is so far verted to Christ; other millions from complete in the world. While have been given Christian educa- the increase of population has outtion. Other millions have been run the increase of Christians, the blessed through its healing agency; influence of false religion has not other millions who have not pro- kept pace with the influence of fessed conversion have been in- Christianity. The world never fluenced by its lofty standards. needed Christ and His Gospel more than men need Him today. These Some people at home, who can- are stirring times and, unless the not make an intelligent appraise- course of events is steered by ment of the situation, are inclined Christ, disaster impends. to conclude that the end of the enterprise must be near at hand. This is the time for advance all Such a conclusion is far from the along the line. The Church of facts. There are 100,000,000 more people in India today who have no Christ has every facility for conmore idea of the meaning of quest, except consecration. Let Christ's name than there were there be a holy abandon to the when William Carey started the work of winning the whole wide modern era of missions. world to God and full dependence on Him, and the Kingdom will There are more people in Japan move forward with greatly accelerwho have no~ heard the Gospel ated step. – Wesleyan Christian Advocate.

FORWARD MOVEMENT IN JAPAN *

BY TOYOHIKO KAGAWA, Tokyo, Japan T HE Kingdom of God Move- correspondingly, and in the period ment is the third great na- of two and one-half years up to tional evangelistic campaign July, 1930, I have received as many in Japan since the turn of the cen- as fifty thousand decision cards.

tury. Though in both of the pre- During a recent trip of only a little vious campaigns some denomina- over a month to North Japan and tions participated, some remained Saghalien, I have had about four outside. This time excepting the thousand cards signed in my meet- Roman and Greek Churches and ings.

the new Holiness Church which It is evident that the Kingdom has hardly had time yet to "find it- of God Movement was launched at self," all the denominations of any the right moment. If we had size are participating, represent- waited until this year to start it, ing a total of more than two hun- it would have been too late. Get- dred thousand believers altogether. ting started before the anti-reli- This campaign is thus more ade- gious movement had gathered mo- quate and more unanimous than mentum it headed it off from the any previous one. beginning, and is already nation- Moreover, the nation is ripe for wide in its influence for Christ.

a great forward Christian move- Consequently Imperial University ment. Millions of people who want professors are commenting on the to believe in the Gospel are remain- belated anti-religious movement, ing unreached. To this fact I can calling it unnatural and expecting testify from my personal experi- that it will not enlist much public ence. After the earthquake of support.

1923 I preached for one hundred The gratifying numerical re- and twenty-four successive nights ports of the Kingdom of God Move- in the various churches of Tokyo, ment should not, however, be mis- and received about 5700 decision interpreted. I have been told that cards from those who had decided some of our friends are counting for Christ in the meetings. In up the statistics and computing 1926 I preached in Osaka and re- the possibilities of winning a mil- ceived about nine thousand; and lion new baptized Christians to in 1927 I travelled about Japan and the churches within the three-year received fifteen thousand. From period of 1930-1932. If the million June, 1928, to June, 1929, I re- are to be won in three years, the ceived . twenty thousand. Mean- first year and a half which is al- while I had become so convinced ready passed should yield a half by these experiences that Japan is million! And by what magic can ready for the Gospel that I ap- the last year and a half of the cam- pealed to the church, and it de- paign be made to bring forth the cided to take up this matter. Since great majority which must be won then the numbers have kept up before the million mark is at- • ICrom the .lapan Ohrl.tian Quarterlv. tained! If anyone is in such a 836 pitch of anxiety, I hasten to dis- days is rapidly corning to its peabuse him. Three years is not riod of effective expression. nearly long enough to win the million, and it was never my idea of A Christian society, and nothing doing so within that period. less, is the goal of the Kingdom of God Movement. Our aim is the What is the Kingdom of God thoroughgoing christianization of Movement? Is it the three years our community. We want to reof cooperative evangelism now be- vive the Koinonia of the early ing conducted by the various de- church, as recorded in the Acts. nominations, organized in some This wonderful early Christian ninety district committees, operat- fellowship, based on a spontaneous ing under the Kingdom of God practice of the principle of the Movement Central Committee? Cross in social economics, was too evanescent. Yet because of it the No. This three-year campaign apostles were able to give their tesis merely one of the elements in timony to the Resurrection "with the total Kingdom of God Move- great power." We shall not regain ment and but a preliminary one. the fulness of their Pentecostal ex- If it serves to unify the denomina- perience until we have re-incartional differences sufficiently to nated Incarnate Love in an organcreate a habit of cooperation in a ization of society embodying the nation-wide Christian program, best light that has been vouchsafed my hopes for it will have been sat- by the Spirit of God through the isfied. two thousand intervening years of human labor and intellectual striv- When the 1930-1932 three-year ings. period shall have been completed, I look forward to what will be the It is idle to speculate as to when real Kingdom of God Movement. the million new baptized Chris- By that time I hope the churches tians will be won to the churches. will be able to work shoulder to They will corne when the church shoulder in carrying out the va- reforms itself so as to fit their rearious elements of the program-a sonable expectations. They are program which is based in every facing the problem of unemploydetail on tested experience. ment. What has Christ to offer them? They are facing the in- Reinforcing the Chw:ch creasingly desperate struggle for existence even while retaining jobs The church should be ready to at ever-lessening wages. They are work as a unity (though the old facing Marxism, with its immense denominational machinery be still concrete experiment before their unchanged, except by the happy eyes in near-by Russia. They loss of its competitiveness): and know more about Marxism with this unit of several hundred thou- its economic program than do most sand Christians will not be work- church members. Unless the Kinging alone. It will be reinforced by dom of God Movement offers a betthe Labor Movement, the Farmers' ter program of economics-better Union, the Proletarian Political in theory, better in sustained ac- Groups, and to a large extent by tion-than . does the Soviet, they the Government itself. To this cannot be expected to flock into the impressive array of constructive forces should be added the Wom- churches. an's Movement, which in these

Is there anything better, as a profit-seeking on an individualistic method of emancipation, than the level, our world has hardly adgrim effectiveness of violent revo- vanced beyond the jungle-stage. lution? To some whose patience is We have applied science to the exexhausted history speaks in the ploitation of natural resources; negative. They point to the long but not yet to the organization of record of wars for freedom. I am production, distribution, credit, startled at the number even of ear- and consumption of manufactured nest Christians, in China, in the prodUcts. We must hasten to take United States, and elsewhere, who the next step, of organization of are today turning toward the Rus- all these processes, and of their resian method as a solution. The sulting human relations. Kingdom of God Movement has abundant historical precedent. Marx fails to show us how to do History has hidden its most pre- this. His idea is merely on the cious nuggets beneath those over- old fighting level. He has no proemphasized records of political gram for the future. It is to the wars and doctrinal controversies. Kingdom of God Movement that Bit by bit we are unearthing this we must look for future programs. priceless history of Love, of the brotherhood movement, which has Our Canadian friends are startbroken out again and again in spite ing a Kingdom of God Movement in of all opposition,-from the second Canada-stimulated by the Kingchapter of Acts onward. Even dom of God Movement. They are the communist movement itself is defining their movement as a a perverted imitation of that great search primarily for the expression Christian fellowship! of the mind of Christ in economics.

The Effect of Marxism The precedents from history af- forded by the brotherhood move- Though its immediate results ment provide us with the methods are remote from that early ideal, of economic and social organizaeventually we shall learn to be tion in which the mind of Christ grateful even for the coming of is manifest. And here again Marx Marxism. When in the tenth cen- helps us. For his followers in tury Christianity lost its purity, Russia, starting out with a pro- Mohammedanism came and puri- gram of violent suppression of the fied Christianity. When in the cooperati.ves, promptly reacted to nineteenth century Christianity reality, and reversed their plans to forgot the poor, Marxism came the revival of the Russian type of and caused us to think of them. cooperatives, within four years of If we had practiced the Cross of the start of the Revolution. Can Jesus, there would have been no we Christians react with equal need for Marxism to come. flexibility?

Marx was a social pathologist. Are we Christians to give up our He has made a diagnosis of the religious program and substitute evils of the present order and for it economic propaganda? By shows us that everywhere its eco- no means. I hope that Christians nomics lack organization. Owing all over this country will increasto the laissez fai1'e system and the ingly become leaders in the indigeacceptance of competition and nous system of cooperatives al- ready in existence in Japan. This they can do mostly as an avocation,

THE FORWARD MOVEMENT IN JAPAN 83!J

without surrending any of their which I hope to win the authorities religious and other duties. But in the medical field, the physicians they must first become educated in themselves, to a program of socio- the Cooperative Movement. A na- economic cooperation, and conse- tion-wide Mutual Aid Sick Coop- quently by the force of their ex- erative Insurance Society is to be ample to convince the laity includ- organized throughout the churches ing the church members. The suc- of Japan, federated in one national cess of this medical cooperative had society. Through this Society for been assured by two factors: by sick-benefits, the church people Dr. Nitobe's consenting to head it; will see the vision and learn the and by the personal life-consecra- genius of the cooperative move- tion of four physicians, all special- ment. Thus introduced to it, they ists in various fields and possessors may be expected to lay hold, also, of higher degrees in medicine.

upon the organization of other so- These men, Dr. Kato, Dr. Hirose, cial services besides sick benefits; Dr. Hattori, and Dr. Sunada, men old age pensions; educational co- in their forties, are at their prime operatives for the education of and possessors of lucrative private children; mothers' pensions; un- practices. Nevertheless, at the employment insurances, etc. They April 20th, 1931, meeting of the may be counted on also for leader- Physicians' Utility Cooperative, ship in the organization of the they circulated a manifesto declar- central economic processes of pro- ing their joint consecration to the duction, distribution, credit and new movement, a testimony to the consumption-in producers' util- early influence of the Y. M. C. A.

ity, credit, and consumers' coop- upon them during their student erative unions. days.

We have enough of these various The immediate objective of the types of cooperatives already in ex- movement is a Cooperative Hos- istence in Japan, and enough of a pital to be located in Shinjiku, tendency to cooperative inherent in with branches to be established in our national fabric, to guarantee various parts of Tokyo Fu, begin- the result, if Christians will put ning in Honjo Ward. Medical into their management both sacri- costs will thus be reduced to the ficial and skilled devotion. Thus minimum and made available to the we have ready the Christian equiv- great middle classes who otherwise alent of Marxism and something can hardly afford to call a physi- that goes far beyond it in philoso- cian. At present only the very phy and effectiveness. For it is rich, or such of the very poor as doubtful whether a society founded get free treatment, may be said to on the principle and practice of have adequate care, medically dictatorship will ever be able to speaking. When the Tokyo coop- apply fully the principle of coop- erative gets well started, we can eration. start all over the country, espe- Medicine and the Kingdom cially in the 2909 villages which are entirely without medical pro- I have therefore decided to con- vision.

centrate effort first on starting Is the Kingdom of God Move- what may be called "The Kingdom ment to cease to be a program of of God Movement in Medicine" by preaching in order to become a

program of economics? By no both sides. Christianity is a Gos- means. The Kingdom of God pel for society as well as for the Movement includes both of these individual. This is the literal activities and is primarily a pro- teaching of the Sermon on the gram of organization. Its first Mount.

year of 1930 saw the organization We know that there are Chrisof preaching in new methods of tian individuals everywhere who evangelism, of which the a. b. c. are not living as Christian citizens. was interdenominational coopera- Many of them are making comtion. Its second year of 1931 is promises with existing economic seeing the organization of Gospel conditions. They are not living up schools to train lay preacliers, both to the declaration Jesus Christ rural and urban. Eventually we made at Nazareth. If they would hope to augment the ordained live up to the true meaning of the clergy by five thousand of such Gospel, there would be no room volunteer workers, trained in the left for Communism. Gospel schools, but able to work at their own charges. Some mysticism is individualis- tic; some is inclined to be emo- By no means shall we lessen the tional, and some, traditional. If emphasis ,on evangelism, which we have mysticism we should make will go on with ever-increasing it ethical mysticism. This was the force as the Gospel schools send distinction between true and false forth their graduates. In 1932 I prophets in Old Testament times. look forward to the organization The reason why the Greek Cathof Christian cooperatives, one by olic Church and religious values in one, beginning with the Physi- general are despised in Soviet Ruscians' Utility Cooperative which is sia is because the Russian State described above, and of which the Church laid emphasis on individfirst unit, the clinic, opened in Sep- ualistic experience and not social tember, 1931, while the hospital is standards. not scheduled to open until two years later. As soon as Christian Christ laid emphasis on social- public sentiment makes it possible ized individuality, as contrasted we hope to follow this Physicians' with egoistic individualism. But Cooperative by one for the laity, unfortunately after the industrial the Mutual Aid Sick Insurance So- revolution came to the world, indi- ciety for church members. And vidualistic competition outside the then on into all the phases of the Church carried the whole culture cooperative movement, using those toward egoism and secularism. If already organized by the govern- we could have managed the great ment, etc., whenever possible. industrial revolution according to Unless Christ is made the centre Christian motivation, this world- of the social movement and of the wide catastrophe would not have religious movement, Japan will taken place. Jesus Christ is today never be saved. The Church in the saying to us, "The Kingdom of past laid emphasis more on the in- God is near; believe in the Gospel, dividual experience of Christ than and repent!" Repent from what?

on making Christ manifest in so- From egotistic individualism, to so- ciety. The Sermon on the Mount cial ethical mysticism, as embodied gives a well-balanced picture of in the Kingdom of God Movement.

LIFE IN AFRICA

AMERICA BY LILLIAN OYLER, Ontario, Oregon .A Mi88ionary in the Sudan and La·ter in Oregan ; FTER twenty-four years' ex- roundings or personal appearance.

flperience as a foreign mission- As a rule, British officers are very ary in Africa, I am now a careful to observe the conventions home missionary in one of the Pa- of refined society and so preserve cific Coast States. We have some- their self-respect, and the respect times heard these two spheres of of the natives. It is even more work contrasted as to importance important that missionaries of and the sacrifice involved. Christ should consider even more It is my conviction that any for- carefully their personal appear- eign missionary makes very little ance and their home life so that personal sacrifice compared with they may lead others to a better that made by the parents who face life. Clothing and household equip- the vacant chair. ment need not be expensive, but At times the cost of living at they should be clean and appro- home is contrasted with that in a priate.

foreign mission field. We have It is true a foreign missionary, found that it costs our family of in some fields, misses congenial four twenty-five per cent more to social life, but it is equally true in live in the sage-brush country of home mission fields. In both fields, Western America than it did on missionaries find it possible to the plains of Africa. The home of create their own enjoyment, and to one who seeks to lead others to a find some method of relaxation higher plane of living, must be a and recreation.

center of C h r i s t ian culture, As to health at home and abroad, whether his living quarters consist Africa is often called "the white of one room or an entire house. All man's grave." True, a tropical who come to that home must find jungle is not a country for a care- there a sincere welcome and this less foreigner, nor for one indif- means added expense. I remember ferent to use common sense. E.

that on one particular trek in Alexander Powell, has well said, Africa we were the guests of an- "A European of average physique other missionary family for a has comparatively little to fear month. Whether we were living in from the diseases of the Congo if a small barge on the river, or were he will practice moderation in all camping on shore in a small hut things, take as much exercise as mad e of coarsely-woven grass possible, keep his body clean, wear mats, within five minutes after his helmet in the sun and mosquito each move that missionary mother boots in the evening, drink water gave to our surroundings a real that has been both boiled and fil- touch of home. tered, sleep under a mosquito net, On the foreign mission field one take quinine either daily or when- is sometimes tempted to think, ever he feels run down, and re- "Oh, anything will do" as to sur- frain from needless worry."

841

One handicap or difficulty that are few and far between, and a foreign missionary must face is worse still, the local schools are the acquisition of the language of usually inefficient and there are no the country or tribe in which he funds to send the children else- works. In many cases this duty is where.

irksome, but to or~ who takes joy For some reason generous indi- in learning to speak a foreign viduals seem much more inclined tongue such work is a delight. to supply extras-such as automo- Even a home missionary must biles-to foreign missionaries than become accustomed to the vernacu- to those at home. Friends and lar of those among whom he works. supporters look upon a worker Both at home and abroad the mis- from foreign fields on furlough as sionaries must acquaint themselves a hero, and give applause which is with the customs and the sur- seldom given a home missionary roundings of their parishioners. who has labored as faithfully al- To the human mind there is a though more inconspicuously.

great contrast between the sins of All missionary work demands Oriental or African countries with much time for Bible study, and the those of so-called Christian lands. daily cultivation of spiritual life.

The evils met in foreign lands and Good literature or a "hobby" can the sins of civilized nations are be utilized as a "safety valve" and all evil in the sight of God, but enables one to accomplish far more one should take into consideration than by continuing on a daily that sins of non-Christian people grind. It is, however, even more are often committed in the name difficult to do this in home mission of their religion, while in Chris- fields than in many foreign lands.

tian lands every evil thought and Both at home and abroad there deed is in direct disobedience to the are humble followers of the Lord teachings and spirit of Christ. Jesus from whom we can learn The salary of a home mission- much in prayer, and there are ary is usually considerably less many souls hungry for sympathy than that of a foreign missionary. and encouragement.

In addition as a rule the traveling There are thousands across the expenses of a foreign missionary seas who have never heard the are paid, including vacation or fur- Gospel, and who are "waiting for lough allowance. A certain sum is the messenger of God who cometh also provided for outfit and freight late." In many foreign fields the charges to the field. Children have indigenous church has reached the a certain allowance made from stage where it is almost autono- birth until the child finishes its mous and where the native Chris- education. Most foreign missions tian forces are doing much of the also have schools, partly financed work for the unevangelized.

by the Foreign Board, to which A recent report of The Home the children may be sent. Missions Council of North Amer- A home missionary in America, ica tells us that, "there are 10,000 however, receives only a monthly communities in America without salary and a portion of his travel- churches of any kind, 30,000 vil- ing expenses to his new field of lages without a resident pastor of labor. This system often works any faith, and 13,400,000 children hardship. Vacations and furloughs under 12 who are receiving no re-

MISSIONARY LIFE IN AFRICA AND AMERICA

ligious instruction whatever." It to let our light shine abroad it is is not difficult for a home mission- clear evidence that it is burning ary to believe such startling state- dimly at home. The rays of our ments. Weare located in a district Christian influence will be weak as large as the State of Vermont across the seas if we fail to begin for which our little struggling con- at Jerusalem. We must first pray gregation is responsible. The for cleansing in our own hearts county contains many villages scat- and lives. If every life and family, tered here and there, with only and community could reflect Christ eleven organized congregations of and would manifest the power of various denominations, served by the Holy Spirit, then the world eight resident ministers, and less would soon be evangelized. than one thousand members. It is more difficult to secure active LITTLE POEMS BY LEPER Christian workers among these CHRISTIANS members than among Christians in foreign fields. The carelessness Interpreted by Lois Johnson Erickson, and indifference are appalling. The Taka-matsu, Japan excuses given for absence from services ar.e as unconvincing and The leper patients at Oshima as untrue as those which we heard have a "Poetry Club" which is one of their greatest sources of pleasin Africa. ure. The Christians print their In this vast county we find con- poems in their monthly magazine and have published enough to make ditions such as are reported by a several volumes. The following fellow missionary in an adjoining poems are from the magazine, and county where many of the young are by different lepers whose folks from twenty to twenty-five names are placed after the several years of age have never previously verses. Each verse is a complete heard a sermon, and many children poem.-Editor of the Presbyterian do not know what a church is. One Survey. family confessed that it was the first time they had heard a minis- The red flame of Jesus' blood ter pray in eighteen years! Back Turns all my frozen heart to fire! in the hills there are hundreds of families who have no means of *** transportation except on horseback, or in a wagon, and they must The soul who knows his God, travel over rocky trails instead of Though of earth's smallest things, on surfaced roads. Up to the great wide heavens The real difficulties and hard- May mount on wings! ships in home missions and foreign missions are not very different. * * .. They are equally important and one cannot exist without the other. Heartily row, children of God, The foundations of foreign work Put forth your strength, are in home missions and if we Face storm without fear neglect to strengthen our stakes at Heed not wind nor night–row on; home we cannot lengthen our cords The harbor of Heaven is near. of influence abroad. *** On the other hand, if we neglect Only Thy power can make my sin-sick o spirit whole, to my soul! Divine Saviour, precious -Hayashi.

* * ::t:: This will I say, that firm I tread the road I cannot see, Because the hand of One-Who-Loves -Takamoto. Is leading me!

GIVE THE GOSPEL TO THE MORMONS?

BY THE REV. WILLIAM E. LA RUE, Washington, D. C.

Author of "The Foundations of Mormonism"

T HE chief need for giving the The Mormons also need to be Gospel of Christ to the Mor- evangelized in order that they may mons is the people themselves. be delivered from the superstition In many respects they are a splen- which binds them with strong did people, sincere and whole- bands that are not easily broken.

hearted in their faith. They are They are taught that entrance into willing to lay their lives upon the celestial glory depends upon faith- altar of sacrifice in order to uphold ful continuance in their faith as and propagate their religion. Not long as life shall last. They are only are they ready to give up their under such a spell of superstition lives to service but are also ready that they will not allow themselves to place their fortunes at the call to doubt. They have been taught of their leaders. that all other churches are man- Most of these people are of made and wrong in the sight of American and English stock. They God, and that the Mormon Church are preeminently religious and is the one and only true Church of many of them have been members God on earth. Notwithstanding of evangelical churches. In many the many obvious errors, and the instances their experience with sins of the leaders, they believe Mormonism is a result of the per- that eternal salvation is to be found sistent activity of Mormon mis- only in Mormonism.

sionaries. Whoever undertakes to carry the The Mormon people need to be Gospel of Christ to Mormons will evangelized in order that they may meet with tremendous difficulties.

have right spiritual leadership. Other sects with false teachings They have spiritual capacity which and corrupt leadership have arisen is in dire need of direction. For and have worn themselves away in some strange reason they have sub- the processes of time. Among the mitted themselves body and soul to Mormons themselves have arisen a the leadership of Mormon proph- number of sects with leaders claim- ets, which has been the chief source ing divine and exclusive preroga- of corruption in their religious life. tives whose devotees remain un- There are several hundreds of wavering until death.

thousands of Mormons who need When a Mormon can no longer evangelizing because of the crude endure the teachings and leader- and perverted teachings which are ship of his cult, he usually either a mixture of truth and error. Once abandons religion entirely, or iden- within the Mormon fold, even to tifies himself with one of the many question these teachings would in- factions.

vite suspicion and ostracism. In The Mormon has a deep convic- former days apostates were quickly tion that if Mormonism is false disposed of so that the people have nothing else is true. He has the accepted the awful things their conviction that all other religions leaders have taught-including are corrupt and false. As he lis- many gods and many wives. tens to an evangelical minister 844 there are psychological barriers to the Mormon people who have read his reception of the truth present- it.

ed. He feels that this minister has In the same spirit, in my volume not the authority to speak such as on "The Foundations of Mormon- is possessed by the Mormon priest- ism," I attempted to demonstrate hood. Every missionary to the from the original documentary Mormons must pursue his labors sources that the foundation prin- knowing that this almost impene- ciples of Mormonism are untenable.

trable wall of prejudice exists. The truth, spoken in love, is the This may be the reason why the only weapon we are justified in effort to evangelize the Mormons using in the contention against this has so far produced little fruit. cult. So far as I know, no attempt What then is the best method to has been made to reply to my book.

pursue to carryon an effective Let Christian workers everywhere work of evangelizing the Mormon show patience and sympathy with people? Is it not worthwhile to the Mormon people, not with any consider some new approach? sin but with the sinner. As he To begin with there should be a may have opportunity let every strong emphasis upon patience and Christian help the Mormons to get sympathy. -In the past most anti- rid of sin.

Mormon propagandists have shown Mohammedans and Mormons a woeful lack of these qualities.

Usually they have publicly de- Both Mohammedans and Mor- nounced the false teachings and mons are devoted to the leadership corrupt practices of Mormonism of so-called prophets; both have without making any constructive special books for which they claim effort to correct them. The evils divine inspiration; both are zealous of Mormonism have been sufficient in the propagation of their faith; to test the patience and to chill the both adhere to doctrines that clash sympathy of anyone but little good with modern civilization. It is can be accomplished without pa- about equally difficult to convert tience and sympathy. A pamphlet either to Christianity. But we must entitled, "Joseph Smith, Jr., as a keep on with the work of evangeli- Translator," issued by the late zation through Christian churches, Bishop F. S. Spalding, of Utah, schools, and community Ii f e.

shows, in the most kindly, yet ef- Churches should hold out a sympa- fective way, that the claims made thetic and helpful hand to every by Joseph Smith, Jr., as a trans- Mormon so as to help him see truth lator of Egyptian would not bear and duty in a new light, and to put the scrutiny of scholarship. The himself under the leadership of Bishop said, "My object in writing Jesus Christ alone.

the pamphlet was not to inform the Many changes are now taking world that Joseph Smith's transla- place in the world of thought. Our tions were inaccurate, and that hope is that the rising generation therefore his claim to be a prophet of the Mormons will, with the aid of God was invalid, but to try to of advanced education, be able to convince the Mormons themselves weigh carefully the claims made of those facts." The publication for Mormonism and will find that of this pamphlet has had a pro- they are wanting.

found and beneficial effect upon Meanwhile the propaganda of

Mormonism goes forward. The The government of the Church is by Mormon choir and the tones of the divine authority through Priesthood…. great organ are heard over the In organic expression and functioning radio from Salt Lake City. Occa- there must be recognized grades and offisionally a new Temple is announced cial prerogatives and responsibility with where secret practices are per- supreme directional control resting in formed that bind men and women the Presidency as the Chief and first…. to the faith by sacred oaths. Just Our form of government is patriarchal or now a great Mormon Church is kingly in that it is the Kingdom of God, under process of erection in Wash- the Kingdom of Heaven. Our form of ington, D. C. This is sure to at- government places the lawmaking powers tract much attention. Statistics in heaven, the law of God being manishow that the membership is main- fested to the Church through His taining a gradual increase and Prophet. about the usual number of missionaries go out to the home and for- This teaching is regarded as a eign field to win converts. reviving of some of the crude Independence, Missouri, has for many years been regarded as the teachings of early Mormonism and Mecca of Mormonism. There are several factions of the cult located a group of aggrieved brethren de- there; among the most promi- clared, "The President's theory of nent are the J osephites, otherwise k now n as the "Reorganized government, while he terms it a Church"; the Brighamites, other- theocratic-democracy, under analwise known as the "Utah Church" ; the Hedrickites, otherwise known ysis proves to be a theocraticas "The Church of Christ." Other factions increase with the years. autocracy." The theories of Presi- The Reorganized Church has found itself in the toils of other and more dent Frederick M. Smith, however, serious troubles in recent years on account of the announcement of the prevailed, since his ideas were doctrine of "Supreme Directional found to be in accord with those Control" by the First Presidency. This is as follows: of his grandfather, founder of Mor- monism.

The student of Mormonism will note what an intricate and com- plicated situation he must meet when he attempts to evangelize the Mormons of any sect; there is hope for all who, like Mr. Thomas W.

Williams, representing the group of dissenters, will dare to say, "Christ alone is our leader."

Let us endeavor to evangelize the Mormons. The people are far too good for Mormonism.

THE FAITH OF A SCIENTIST Science laid the foundations for a new and a stupendous advance in man's conception of God, for a sublimer view of the world and of man's place and destiny in it …. Personally, I believe that essential religion is one of the world's supremest needs, and I believe that one of the greatest contributions that the United States ever can make to world progress will consist in furnishing an example to the world of how the religious life of a nation can evolve intelligently, wholesomely, inspiringly, reverently, completely divorced from all unreason, all superstition and all unwholesome emotionalism.-DR. ROBERT MILLIKAN, President of the Amer'ican A.q.qociation for the Advancement of Science.

OPICS Of THE

Harassed China in a Troubled (Shantung), in Mukden, Kirin, Har- World bin, . Peitaying and other points in Manchuria, and between Chinese and The Christian Gospel of peace and Koreans in Pyengyang, Seoul and else- good will among men, the doctrines of where in Chosen. The Chinese charge the fatherhood of God and the brother- that Japanese have promoted strife hood of man, the centuries of experi- for the purpose of giving an excuse ence in the evil effects of war, the ad- for intervention in Manchuria, which vance of education, the Kellogg Pact, they are said to covet for colonization the League of Nations, the Hague and commercial exploitation. The Jap- Court, and the various peace and in- anese claim that Chinese have bombed ternational fellowship movements all the Japanese railway and have threat- ,seem powerless to keep peace among ened or damaged the lives and prop- nations. The human equation is at erty of Japanese citizens. The Soviet fault. Even "Christian" Europe is Government, sensing danger to the restless, suspicious and like a powder railway, which they control jointly barrel in the midst of sparks. Ap- with the Chinese, has massed troops parently only the vivid memory of the along the border near Manchuli and last World War, the knowledge of the Russian gunboats on the Sungari River fearful cost of another conflict and are reported to have fired on Chinese the calmness of some wi,se statesmen freight boats on the river near Har- keep European nations from flying to bin. There has also been some agita- arms. tion in North Manchuria and inner The peace of China, with one-fourth Mongolia, in Kirin Province, and in of the world's population, is also con- South Manchuria for autonomy and stantly threatened within and without. separation from Nanking. For an un- To communism, militarists, civil war, derstanding of what has been happen- bandits and brigands are added the ing in Manchuria we should remem- sufferings caused by oppressive pov- ber that while Manchuria is a part of erty and the recent devastations due China, treaty concessions make it al- to terrible floods, famine and pesti- most as much Japanese as Chinese lence. On top of all this China is now territory. The Japanese military sys- threatened by the Japanese military tern also leaves the army and navy, in activity in Manchuria, by mob attacks times of emergency, free from civil on Chinese in Chosen and by the control. These two facts make clear Soviet menace on the Siberian border. much that has appeared incomprehen- As to the cause of the troubles in sible in recent events.

Chosen and Manchuria, there are One effect of these disturbances has charges and countercharges between been shown in the ,savage attack on Chinese and Japanese. The difficulty Dr. C. T. Wang, the able and honored seems to have been caused by mutual Foreign Minister of China. Some suspicion and illwill, by a lack of pa- three hundred Chinese students in tience and wise statesmanship and by Nanking beat him severely, accusing the temper of the Japanese militarists. him of weakness in failing to persuade Riots and conflicts occurred between the League of Nations in intervening Japanese and Chinese in Peitaho in Manchuria. Dr. Wang has since 847

resigned; his place in the Kuomintang Protestant Episcopal Missions. – Government has been taken by Dr. Church and mission have sufferi:ld Alfred Sze, formerly Chinese amba~­ heavily. Water surrounded cathedral sador at Washington. and compound at Hankow. Rose to sec- ond floor of some bUildings. Churches In the midst of all this trouble, how- and schools damaged. One thousand ever, there are signs of hope that refugees gathered at Boone College China will gradually emerge "from and Middle School, Wuchang, and these many difficulties. The Japanese other thousands at Wuhu compound. have promised to withdraw their Kuikiang station flooded, also Hsiaktroops from the area not controlled by wan. Missions at Yangchow and Paotreaty which gives them the right to ying suffered heavily. Property damoperate the South Manchuria Railway. age $45,000 Mex. Relief measures The Canton and Nanking leaders are started. making negotiations to end civil war and to form a unified government. Southern Baptist Missions.- Some The floods have receded and measures fields affected but not seriously, so far are being put into operation to combat as is known at present. famine and pestilence. At times it seems to require some great disaster Methodist Episcopal Missions. – to teach the advantages of peace and Thousands of Christians, members of good will. If foes without will not the Methodist Episcopal Church, are take advantage of China's misfortunes in danger of di,sease and starvation. and if the Chinese will withstand com- Relief work has been started. More munist propaganda from Soviet Rus- than half the territorY of Central sia, and student agitatIon in favor of China Conference (24,700 sq. miles war with Japan, is end~d, there is hope with 12,500,000 people) and one-third that peace will come to China at last. of Kiangsi Conference (with 20,000 sq. miles and 8,000,000 people) were The Flood and Missions in China flooded. Thousands of Christians lost homes, farms, crops, goods, churches Chinese Christians and the mission- and schools. Mission hospitals at Wuaries in China have shared with others hu, Kiukiang and Nanchang handiin the awful suffering that has over- capped by food shortage but received taken those who live in the flooded many sufferers who camped on areas along the Yangtze River and the grounds. Grand Canal. The suffering will last for many months to come because of Presbyterian (North) Missions.- the destruction of crops and homes Flood seriously affected four stations. as well as the loss of life involved in Water above first floor of residences the disaster. and dispensary at Changteh. Refugees filled church. Much of Nanking under Letters already received from mis- water. Harvest ruined. Hwaiyuan sion boards having work in the dis- completely inundated. School buildtricts affected, reveal the following ings on high ground cared for refufacts: gees. Nansuchow and Lchow in flooded area but no report received. No build- Evangelical Luthevan Missions (Mis- ings destroyed. Relief work in operasouri and Ohio) .-Loss of some prop- tion. erty and much damage to submerged houses in the Wuhan cities. Mis- China Inland Mission.-Residences sionaries were at Kuling. Chinese and other buildings in Hankow flooded. Christians took refuge in upper stories Changsha (Hunan) flooded. Comof chapels and schools but loost most of munists are a menace. Food supplies their goods. Relief measures inau- low. Starvation and epidemics threaten gurated. Estimated loss to mission survivors. Most of Chengyangkwan $46,000, Mex. (Anhwei) under water.

No word has as yet been received from other missions.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Fleming H. Revell can Mi·ssion to Lepers, and for many years was vice-president of the Pres- An honored and beloved member of byterian Board of National Missions. the Board of Directors of THE RE- VIEW, Mr. Fleming H. Revell, entered For Chris~ian character, kindly disinto rest on Sunday, October 11th, at position, business integrity, wise counthe age of eighty-one. Mr. Revell had sel and true friendship, Mr. Revell been in ill health for a number of was highly honored and greatly beyears but had continued his interest loved by a wide circle of friends. in business and in many forms of Christian work until recently when he The Cost of War suffered from a fall at his home in Riverdale-on-the-Hudson, New York. War debts are only a small fraction The directors of THE REVIEW, with of the total cost of international strife. whom he has been intimately associ- The British Chancellor of the Exchegated for the past fifteen years as a uer Snowden reveals the following figfellow worker and friend, will keenly ures for the amount paid on war debts miss his genial and helpful comrad- by France, Italy, Roumania, Greece ship, as will many other boards of and Portugal since the treaty of Verwhich he was a member.. sailles and the sums paid as repara- tions by Germany, Austria, Bulgaria Fleming H. Revell was born in Chi- and Turkey up to June 15th, (period cago on December 11, 1849, and at of about twelve years). the age of twenty started the publishing business. This grew until the To Britwin To America firm which he established was known all over the world, with headquarters France ..•.•.•…. $218,000,000 $200,000,000 in New York and with branches in Italy . . . . . . . . . • • .. 115,000,000 39,000,000 Chicago, Edinburgh and London. They Roumanla …….. 4,375,000 2,700,000 specialized on evangelical literature and rendered a remarkably wide and Greece ……….• 5,875,000 300,000 useful service in publishing the books of such well-known Christian workers Portugal •…••… 8,750,000 as Andrew Murray, A. J. Gordon, D. L. Moody, Arthur T. Pierson, J. Camp- Germany has paid $5,131,500,000 in bell MorgllJl, R. A. Torrey, S. D. Gordon, Ralph Oonnor, Edward A. Steiner, reparations, including deliveries in Robert E. Speer, Arthur J. Brown, John McDowell and others. The firm kind and State properties. Austria also was the largest publisher of home and foreign missionary literature and has paid $4,210,000 by deliveries in in this way exerted, at home and abroad, an influence for good which kind, Bulgaria has paid $13,200,000 cannot be measured. His son, Fleming H. Revell, Jr., succeeds his father in cash and Turkey has paid nothing. in the presidency of the publishing firm. The cost of war also includes the A sister of Mr. Revell married the battleships, fortifications, ammunition, late Dwight L. Moody and thus was early formed with the great evangelist equipment, support of the army and an intimate fellowship that was fruitful in many ways. Mr. Revell was a navy, pensions, bonuses, hospitals, care trustee of the Northfield Schools, founded by Mr. Moody; for twenty- of wounded, insurance, etc., etc. But five years was treasurer of the Ameri- the greatest cost is in the sacrifice of 4 human life; the physical disablement of men, women and children; the dis- eases spread; the diversion of public attention and activity into destructive channels; the destruction of the spirit of brotherhood; the degrading influ- ences exerted; the fierce passions un- leashed; and the spiritual life de- stroyed. These losses and dehumaniz- ing influences are infinitely worse than the financial cost of war-tremendous and far reaching as that is. Civiliza- tion is threatened with destruction to- day-thirteen years after the armi- stice-and yet men and women still prepare for war more than for peace!

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

USEFUL SUGGESTIONS FOR Illustrations for other lines will EFFEOTIVE WORK Ruggest themselves.

By MRS. C. K. LIPPARD Enrolling the Children How to Record Honor Points A missionary cradle roll is often neglected because not properly brought If your organization has an honor to the notice of young mothers. One roll, or uses a credit system, the fol- society had a card printed with a lowing method will prove simple and little empty frame in the center sureffective for either children or adults. rounded by the words: "There is an On a large sheet of cardboard draw empty space in our cradle roll album a series of mountains or hills, each which your baby's face should fill." one marked as one of the goals-as, This was sent to every mother. "All dues paid," "Report sent in promptly," _"Representative sent to The Junior Book, "Open Windows" convention," etc. Head the chart with the words "Hills we have climbed," or Leaders of Junior groups studying "Mountains Scaled." Keep it before Miss Entwistle's book may well take the eyes of members at every meeting. for their own memory verses, Isa. 54: As soon as an honor point is attained, 12-13. paste a flag on top of one peak and have all present rise and sing the And I will make thy windows of agates Doxology. When all peaks are capped and thy gates of carbuncles and all thy with flags paste gold star in center of borders of pleasant stones. chart. And all thy children shall be taught Making Reports Interesting of the Lord; and great shall be the peace of thy children. A report that would be dry when read is often interesting when pre- THE RURAL THEME sented in chart or poster form. A report of work done during a year or Bible Thoughts for Friendly Farmers a biennium may be made up of pictures representing each project, with "So shall ye divide this land unto a brief -sentence to explain each pic- you according to the tribes of Israel. ture, as: "And it shall come to pass that ye Picture of Church in India. shall divide it by lot for an inheritance unto you, and to the strangers that Contributed our share for new sojourn among you, which shall beget building in India. (Amount.) among you; and they shall be unto you as born in the country among the Group of Industrial Workers or Mi- children of Israel; they shall have grants. inheritance with you among the tribes of Israel. Contributed …… toward migrant work. "And it shaH come to pass, that in what tribe the stranger sojourneth; there shall ye give him his inheritance, saith the Lord." Ezekiel 47: 21-23.

Pictures of new members. World Friendship Among Friendly ….. new members received during Farmers year. "They helped everyone his neigh- Pictures of objects sent to fields. bour; and every one said to his Box work contributions ….. . brother, Be of good courage.

850

METHODS FOR WORKERS

"So the carpenter encouraged the "And God said, Let the earth bring goldsmith, and he that smootheth with forth grass, the herb yielding seed, the hammer him that smote with the and the fruit tree yielding fruit after anvil, saying, it is ready for solder- his kind, whose seed is in itself; upon ing; and he fastened it with nails, the earth: and it was so." Gen. 1: 11. that it should not be moved." Isa. 41: 6,7. "And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, A PRAYER OR PRAYElt HYMN and the tree yielding fruit, whose ,seed was in itself, after his kind: and God (For Adults or Children) saw that it was good." Gen. 1: 12.

Lord of the sunshine, Lord of the star- "And in process of time it came to light, pass that Cain brought of the fruit of the ground an offering unto the Lord of the seasons, teach me to know Lord." Gen. 4: 3. How best to love Thee, how best to serve "And Abel, he also brought of the Thee first things of his flock and of the Mid summer's flowers and winter's fat thereof." Gen. 4: 4, (first clause).

snow. The First Covenant (For Beginners and Primaries) "While the earth remaineth, seed- And God said the sun should shine, time and harvest, and cold and heat, and summer and winter and day and The rain should fall, the flowers should night shall not cease." Gen. 8: 22. grow, (Reading Gen. 9: 9-20.) And God said the birds should sing. And it was so, was so. RURAL STOR,tES FROM THE And God said the grass should grow, BIBLE The trees bear fruit, the wind should Old Testament blow, And God said that streams should flow, Birds, flowers, etc., of the Bible And it was so, was so. may be illustrated by boys and girls- drawing, modeling, bringing and past- (Childl'f'u's Hymnal and Service Booh:.) ing pictures.

RURAL STORIES FOR ADULTS Rural paragraphs may be illus- trated. From "The Rural Billion" David, the Shepherd Boy-l Sam. 16. (May be used as basis of discussion) David and Jonathan-l Sam. 19-20. Isaac Seeks a Wife-Gen. 24. 1. Sailors and a Church. Page 136. Jacob and Rachel-Gen. 28. 2. Two Trees in Korea. Page 137 Joseph and His Brothers-Gen. 37: 12- (discuss). 36. 3. A Country Pastor in Africa. Page Joseph in Egypt in Time of Famine- 137 (bottom). Gen. 42: 43-45. 4. A Country Pastor in China. Page Ruth and Boaz-Book of Ruth. 38. 5. Miracle of the Mulberry Trees. New Testament (Same story as above, enlarged and renamed.) Page 38. Jesus at Bethany, (a rural village). 6. An Indian Village Church. Page Jesus at Nazareth, (a rural village). 141. (Enlarge.) Feeding of the Five Thousand, (in the 7. Sam Higginbottom's Parable Ser- mountains) . mon. Page 62. (Basis of discussion on Walk Through the Cornfield. christianizing conditions.) Walk to Emmaus. 8. Feathered and fourfooted mission- The Fig Tree Cursed. aries. Page 50. 9. Story of Moga. (India.) Page 78. OLD TESTMENT RURAL Make a chart of a course in a school in Africa. Page 76. (Discuss.) PARABLES Discuss objectives of this course. Page 77. Parable of the trees and their king, addressed by J otham to the men of RURAL THEME AND THE BmLE Schechem. Judges 9: 7-15.

Old Testament Memory Work Parable of the poor man's ewe lamb, told by Nathan to David. 2 Sam. 12: 1-6. In the Beginning "And the Lord God planted a garden." Gen. 2: 8 (first clause).

Parable of the thistle and the cedar, the country by use of rural pictures addressed by Johash to Amaziah. 2 of the Orient with captions like the Kings 14: 9. . following is effective: Parable of the sluggard and his vine- Christ walked paths like these yard, to the people of Israel. Prov. 24: Christ's first friends were village folk 30-35. Highways like these were trodden by Parable of the unfruitful vineyard, to Jesus the people of Israel. Isa. 5: 1-6. Christ died for folks like these.

Parable of the ploughman, or good out SOME PRAYER METHODS of evil. Isa. 28: 23-29. By MRS. H. W. BIPPUS Parable of the great eagle and the vine. Ezekiel 17: 3-10. (Presented at the Lakeside, Ohio, Institute of Foreign Missions.) Parable of the cedar in Lebanon. Ezekiel 31—-€ntire chapter. Has the missionary group to which I belong great vision, strong motive Parable of the shepherds and the flock. power, or is it just another club going Ezekiel 34—-€ntire chapter. round and round? Are we standing in the hangar with the engine dead, or Parable of the true and false shep- is it purring, throbbing, ready to take herds. Zechariah ll-entire chapter. off to dizzy heights, through fogs of depression, and over barren stretches NEW TESTAMENT RURAL to outposts?

PARABLES Our missions plane may be beauti- ful to behold~ompletely furnished, Mustard Seed-Matt. 13: 31-32. pilot trained, route outlined, engine Sower-Matt. 13: 1-9, 18-23. oiled, and in perfect order, but if Tares-Matt. 13: 24-30, 36-43. there is no fuel in the tank there is Vineyard Laborers-Matt. 20: 1-16. no power, no action. It is impossible Wicked Husband-Matt. 21: 33-46. to get off or to make the journey. Seed Growing Secretly-Mark 4: 26- 29. The prayer life-the devotional part Rich Fool-Luke 12: 16-21. of your missionary society – makes Barren Fig Tree-Luke 13: 1-9. possible the results for which you are The Lost Sheep–Luke 15: 1-7. 'lrganized together. We need power. How shall it be generated? We must RURAL REFERENCES OF JESUS plan definitely for each program a quiet hour that will awaken our mem- Lilies of the Field. bers so that they may experience God Birds of the Air. -may see visions and dream dreams. Sparrows. No haphazard "devotions," hurriedly Behold the Fields-White to Harvest. conducted, will reach into the depths Vineyard. of the souls of our members. Altars Fig Tree. must be lighted with divine fire. Feed My Lambs-Feed My Sheep. Smoldering embers must be fanned. I Am the Good Shepherd. Hearts must be in touch with His. Other Sheep I have. We must allow God to have access to My Yoke Is Easy. our hearts if we expect results.

POSTERS FOR RURAL THEME First let us choose with care the women who shall lead us in this quiet The poem called Vision found in the hour. Perhaps the same one may primary book, "Friendly Farmers," carry through the year. John Masegives the key to One aim of the leader field in his poem "The Everlasting of any age group on the rural theme. Mercy" put into the mouth of the man Our first aim is to get across to our who found Christ these words: "I people the bigness and beauty of the knew that Christ had given me hirth, theme, and the vast opportunities in to brother all the souls of earth." Oh rural areas around the world. Posters with pictures of beautiful rural scenes will help. The caption, Rural Paths in Japan, may depict some scenic marvel in that land of beauty. Rural needs, rural work being done, rural homes and rural people should all be used in artistic posters, to make their appeal for the yet almost untouched millions in country districts of the world. The connecting of Christ with

the glory of the lighted mind. "How re-enlist men in missionary and re- dead I'd been, how dumb, how blind." ligiouB work. We want the womanhood of the Church to have this experience that The committee recommends that they may accomplish their great world Men and Missions Sunday, November task. 15, 1931, be observed at the morning service in each church, and that an For every woman in the church I afternoon interdenominational men's would have prepared a card bearing meeting be held in each city or comthe following: munity.

At 9~OO A. M. Each Day: Suggestions concerning the meet- ings may be secured from the Lay- Repeat P8alm 103: 1-5. men's Missionary Movement, 19 S. Bless the Lord, 0 my soul, and all that LaSalle St., Chicago, Ill., or 419 is within me bless his holy name. Fourth Ave., New York City, or from Bless the Lord, 0 my soul, and forget the secretary of the denominational not all his benefits; missionary board. Who forgiveth all mine iniquities; Who healeth all my diseases; The morning church service should Who redeemeth my life from destruc- include a sermon on a missionary tion; theme, emphasizing the need of par- Who crowneth me with loving kind- ticipation by men; a 10-minute talk ness and tender mercies; by a layman; a missionary hymn sung WhQ satisfieth my mouth with good by men; a Scripture les-son read in things so that my youth is renewed like unison by men and the announcement the eagle's. – of plans for men's meeting,s to discuss My Question-Psalm 118: 12. current missionary literature. What shall I render unto the Lord for all His benefits unto me? Among the topics for discussion are My A'l'Ulwer-Psalm 118: 13-14. suggested such articles as "I Don't I will take the cup of salvation and Believe in Foreign Missions," in THE call upon the name of the Lord-I will MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD pay my vows unto the Lord, yea, in the for May: "The Critics and Missions" presence of all His people. chapter in Dr. Egbert W. Smith's book, "The Desire of All Nations"; For the quiet hour in the meeting "The Testimony of Results," a chaphave some lovely hymn played softly ter in Dr. Stephen J. Corey's new and then have someone tell one of the book, "Missions Matching the Hour"; beautiful stories of Jesus in her own a chapter from Dr. Speer's book "Are words, such as Foreign Missions Done For"? or from Dr. C. H. Patton's new volume, "God's The Lawyer Learns. World." The Centurion's Confidence-Matt. 8: 5-14. A committee ,should be appointed to Peter's Eyes Opened-Acts 10. plan four study sessions for the men The Christian's Challenge-Matt. 28: of the church. Lists of suitable 19-20. Dare you? books can be secured from any board of missions. Words of the hymns should be mimeographed and passed' for reading Sunday Schools and Young People's while piano is played. Societies may make plans to dramatize the Haystack Prayer Meeting at Wil- Quiet prayers should be requested liams College in 1806, on the One days in advance. Hundredth Anniversary of which the Laymen's Missionary Movement was HOW TO USE LAYMEN'S organized twenty-five years ago. A dramatization, prepared by the Coun- MISSIONARY SUNDAY cil of Northern Baptist Laymen, is available through the Laymen's Mis- November 15, 1931, is the Twenty- sionary Movement at 15c each. Fifth Anniversary of the founding of the Laymen's Missionary Movement. In striking contrast to the original meeting of 80 men in the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church in New York City in 1906, a thousand meetings are being planned for 80,000 this fall to

A MISSIONARY GEOGRAPHY GAME (Adaptable to Sunday-school or missionary society programs) Make a large reproduction of this map either on a hlackboard or upsonboard. It should be in color. Adapt countries llnd questions to your own denominational work. A well informed woma.n, who can comment on the facts given by the group, can make this an interesting and informing program.

At the Philadelphia Interdenominational Institute, It was suggested that this map drill be used at meetings of women's societies to which meD have been invited as guests. The objective is to demonstrate the value of eoDsecutive mission studies as they are pursued by the women's organizations. A rich supply of facts in answer to the questions on the map are always to be found in your copies of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. .

QUOTATIONS FO:R THE DEVOTIONAL SERVICE For that wide-open avenue of prayer, out of harmony with eternal Jaw.- All radiant with Thy glorious prom- Van Rensselaer Gibson.

ises, I have aSked for a cupful, and the We thank Thee, Lord! ocean remains! I have asked for a sunbeam, and the sun abides! My best -John Oxenham. asking falls immeasurably short of my Father's giving.-J. H. Jowett. "I want to know Thy guiding voice, To walk with Thee each day; The transitions in our modern life, the new problems that arise, the diffi- Dear Master, make me swift to hear culties of the tasks that now and again And ready to obey." fall upon us, we are not afraid of these because we believe in the resurrection. Not till we stand before the Lord- -Robert E. Speer. A nation splendid and unafraid, Made in the image that God made, Christ wills one fiock, and this re- No man a tYrant and none a slave, quires us not only to labor for the re- Shall the world be saved, as He meant union of all Christendom, but to seek that unity of faith which is essential to save. -Angela Morgan. to its achievement and wholesome per- manence.-Francis J. HaU. All life is miraculous in the sense of being mystic and wonderful, but nothing is miraculous in the sense of being

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Council 01 Women lor Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation 01 Woman's Boards 01 Foreign Missions 01 North America LUNCHEON SERVED BY FOHEIGN WOMEN IN TOKIO, JAPAN A WORLD ENCIRCLING CHAIN A REPORT OF THE WORLD DAY OF PRAYER, FEBRUARY 20, 1931 By MRS. JOHN P. WHITE, Member, Joint Committee on World Day of Prayer Never in the history of the Chris- an international character to the ob- tian Church has there been such un- servance of the day.

ceru;ing, united prayer as on February "They helped every one his neigh- 20, 1931. The poet's thought of a. bar," was literally true of the world- world encircling chain of prayer was wide service. The programs were realized on that day when women all mimeographed by the committee in over the world met in pine chapel or charge and sent to forty-six or more stone cathedral, in grove or on moun- countries where they were translated tain top, in great city or small hamlet into various languages and adapted to to join their voices in prayer and the conditions of the various com- praise to the God and Father of our munities. In China the National Chris- Lord Jesus Christ. tian Council took the responsibility of Preparation for this wonderful day printing the programs for all partici- began months in advance. The pro- pating groups; Mexico sent printed gram on the theme, "Ye Shall Be My programs to Puerto Rico; Argentine Witnesses," was prepared by Miss shared her programs with Uruguay Kathleen W. MacArthur, of Canada, a.nd Brazil. Always the offering of and the "Call to Prayer" was prepared the Day was "for others."

by the Baroness van Boetzelrer van Follow this chain as it draws to- Dubbledam, of Holland, thus giving gether the praying women around the 855

world. Let the circle begin at that en came to the place of prayer. Melt- line in our Atlas marked "Antipodes," ing snows in the streets of Hangchow, one hundred and eighty degrees east of China, made walking almost impossible, Greenwich. The Day of Prayer begins yet 200 women assembled for the serv- in New Zealand. Following the circle ice; a snowstorm in Teheran, Persia, around the globe the services con- kept the timid and delicate folk away tinue in Australia, Japan, Philippine but the strong and the brave were Islands, Korea, Manchuria, on through there; riots in Columbia, South China, Tibet, Siam, Burma and India, America, due to political disturbances through Persia, Mesopotamia, Syria made a small meeting, but the few and Turkey, across fifteen countries who attended were so inspired by the of Europe, across the continent of thought of this united prayer and so Africa, across South America and impressed by the beauty of the pro- North America to the Hawaiian Is- gram that they felt others should join IJ!.nds and Alaska, finally reaching the them and the whole service was re- Antipodes again where in the service peated during Easter week. Meetings in the Fiji Islands the circle is com- were held in twenty-five centers in plete. Bulgaria. Some of the churches were ,~filled ,to capacity and in one the seats The Chain Made Strong by Great"'""were all filled and many had to stand.

SomeNoufm'thbeerpsrPayaerrtigcripoautpisngreport~',1,,i,,~::,;""pWrOanilErmi~idn'~Cveanlaodna~ scattered over the distances to attend small gatherings, others reported great some of th~ 600 meetings held in that throngs. Foulassi, Africa had "a land. Wom~n walked for·mBesin thousand plus" in attendance and Africa, in India and in Japan, many Kansas City, Missouri, had fourteen carrying babies as they came. In hundred. Not all the meetings were Korea, likewise, mothers necessarily held in conventional places. In Scot- brought their little ones and some- land, where the day was observed times these "tiny toddlers with their from border to border, meetings were tinkling bells," made the service any- held in cities and towns, and away "in thing else than a "quiet hour." In lonely places where it was impossible the Fiji Islands a terrible hurricane to have organized meetings the serv- which destroyed whole villages in a ice was held by individuals in their certain section prevented the women homes." Three "shut-ins" in Teheran, of Davuileve from observing the Day Persia, ,secured copies of the program as they had planned, but meetings and followed it step by step as it was were held in three other places distant being carried out in the church. Two from the path of the storm.

missionary women in Africa were tak- One of the most remarkable meet- ing a vacation in the mountains. Here ings was held in Johannesburg, South they held a "service of prayer in a Africa. About one thousand women secluded place on the mountain side were there. One group was distin- with trees overhead and rocks for guished by white head kerchiefs and seats, the birds joining in praise to white broad collars over red blouses; the Most High." In India a grove- another group had fur skin caps; an- "God's' first temple" – became the other black blouses and white stoles shrine for a group of worshipers. In and pins showing their society initials.

Africa two chiefs opened their com- "The sight was impressive beyond pounds for the services. In China in words."

one district where the meeting was Linguistic difficulties vanished be- announced to begin "just before cock- fore the fervent spirit of praying crowing" a goodly company of men women. In Korea three nationalities and women assembled at the appointed all in Korean dress were met together.

hour. Three different languages were used, Through much difficulty many worn- not just as a matter of interest but to

H131] WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

A FEW OF THE "THOUSAND PLUS" AT ~'OULASSI. AFRICA accentuate the fact that people of The Chain Enlarged by New Link.. many tongues and nations were meeting in the same service of prayer and For several years reports have come praise. from every state in the union. With each passing year new centers ar e re- In Athens 300 women of diverse ported. New names are added to the races and nations and tongues, many list from lands across the seas. Manof whom had been driven acr oss seas churia, South Africa, Uruguay and as homeless refugees, met in a beauti- the Fiji Islands are new links in the ful spirit of unity. Programs were chain in 1931. printed and hymns sung in Greek, Armenian, Turkish and English. There In every sanctuary new voices were was something wonderful about the heard. The participation of nationals mingled sounds of four languages was encouraging. In past years, in sung together. It seemed to be a fore- mission lands, the whole responsibility cast of the great chorus "which no of planning for the celebration of the man could number, of all nations and World Day of Prayer was in the hands kindreds, and tongues" standing be- of miss ionaries. In 1931 other women fore the throne singing praise to "God made a large contribution to the servwhich sitteth upon the throne and ices. In Burma the Burmese women unto the Lamb." took entire charge of the planning of the program and carried it out in a Again in South Africa prayers were splendid way. offered in Zulu and Lesuto and Isixoya and other dialects. The hymns were In one village in India where there sung in three or four languages but in are a few Christians but no organized perfect unison, softly and reverently church, a group of simple peasant without accompaniment. "The singing women met for prayer. They were illiterate and unaccustomed to taking was beautiful, ri ch, h armonious, grand part in a meeting but that day they -like an organ swel!."

ventured for the first time to utter fire placed on Isaiah's lips truly alive brief petitions. and burning with a message"; Per- "Speaking in public is a very new sian girls giving a pageant depicting and difficult venture for the women of life in India; a "Map Talk" in Japan Bulu Land. One of them prefaced her to make clear the circle of prayer; a remarks by asking to be forgiven for "sweet voiced little mother," at the being so short of breath and fright- foot of the Rockies in Canada, driving ened. She said: 'Who would have miles with her little ones in order to thought a few years ago that a Bulu be present and ·sing, "The Garden of woman would have dared to stand up, Prayer"; a great pageant in Kansas especially before men and talk? It City directed by a professional leader is the "Things of God" that have made and using girls of different nation- us free. Now even a little unimpor- alities-all give little glimpses of the tant woman such as I am can speak spirit of the varied groups over the the things that are in her heart.' " world. _.

After a thrilling address on "Wit- In Portland, Oregon, a business ness through the Ages," a Zulu wom- women's meeting was held at the noon an arose and said: "I do not know hour in a down-town district; in In- very much about the great witnesses dianapolis, Indiana, 350 attended the after Paul and the early church but I special evening service for young peo- will tell you of our people and how, pIe; in Xenia, Ohio, a local pastor led after the· missionaries brought the a prayer service and a missionary on good news to Natal, our people went furlough gave an address to the {)50 out to Gazaland and to the interior, boys and girls in the high school. In and some have died as martyrs and numerous places meetings were held witnesses to the truth." for children. In China in some of the In several centers "witnessing" took girls' schools the whole program was concrete form. In Foulassi, Africa, carried out in a beautiful way.

more than ninety remained after the A permanent organization was ef- great congregation had been dismissed fected in Tokio, Japan, which plans to dedicate themselves in a special way for two additional meetings during to the work of witnessing. In a Chi- the year. At the all-day meeting on nese village, following the meeting, February 20 the foreign women, in the women left the place of prayer and the spirit of Him who said, "I am went out two by two to call on their among you as he that serveth," them- neighbors and to give testimony for selves served lunch to all the as- their Master. In one district in India sembled women.

where pastors called men and women In some places the day was observed together the day was used for the as a quiet day of prayer and medita- opening ·service of a well-planned evan- tion without any announcements or gelistic campaign. In Mexico a young speaking. From 9 a. m. until 5 p. m.

man, a stranger, came into the meet- women came and went engaging in ing. Such a service was new to him; prayer, following the subjects given he became an inquirer and within a on a printed program. The hush was few weeks he, with twenty-three broken now and again by strains of others, was received into the fellow- sweet music as the organist played ship of the church. familiar hymns.

The Chain Made Beautiful by The Chain Made Binding by the Variety in Links Spirft of Unity Chinese women singing, "Watch- Every report breathes a beautiful man, What of the Night?" antipho- spirit of unity. Women in the United nally; a Chinese woman reading the States and Canada, in city and village sixth chapter -of Isaiah and "explain- and country community, met together ing the metaphor, making the coals of to witness-not to the value of their

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

different denominations – but to the world and of a new desire to cooperate power of the living Christ. In foreign in all kingdom service. lands as well, the lines of demarcation, while never distinctly drawn, vanished Not on the stated Day of Prayer as women joined in prayer and praise alone, but throughout the year many to God. Christian women have been "continu- ing instant in prayer" joining the One Chinese woman expressed the Sabbath sunset circle of prayer. thought 'of many; "I thank you sincerely for making pos·sible this fellow- Courage, hope, strength, inspiration ship of intercession. Such a sharing and joy have come to the Church of of prayer life will do much to advance Christ throughout the world because the kingdom on earth." A Japanese of the united prayers of God's chilwoman writing of the meeting at dren. Osaka said; "Who can understand the Wherefore let thy voice rise blessing of the meeting except those For so the whole round earth is every who were there? All were happy to think that the women of the world way were praying for the same objects at Bound by gold chains about the feet of the same time." Far Manchuria, reporting their first observance of the God. day added; "Thank you for making it possible for us to take part in this uni- rHINESE WOMEN WHO SANG AT THE versal Day of Prayer." From a re- SBTlVICE IN ICHOWF'U, SHANTUNG, mote station in Africa came thanks for being permitted to participate in CHINA this world-wide service which, as they said, "brought fresh courage, fresh "Hold Fast in Prayer" hope, fresh inspiration to our jaded spirits." With this as her theme Miss Helen Tupper of Lucknow, India, has pre- The Bulu people felt the sense 'Of pared a beautiful program for the fellowship and expressed it in a splen- next observance of the World Day of did way. The pastor read a greeting Prayer, February 12, 1932. It has and the whole congregation yebe'ed been sent in mimeographed form to (agreed) ; foreign landB where it will be trans- lated into many native languages and To all fellow-worshipers observing the dialects and is also ready in printed World Day of Prayer: form. In order to continue giving the "Call to Prayer" and the "Call to We, meeting in the World Day of Prayer to Young People" free, it has Prayer in Elat, Cameroun, West Africa, been necessary to raise the price of give greetings to all of you in forty-four the program from $1.75 per hundred countries of the world. to $2.00. Price per single copy re- mains the same as in prevh)Us years Today we are happy to give thanks to ~2 cents. Suggestions to leaders will you, our brethren all over the world, be- be furnished free with order for procause certain women of the faith were grams. led by God to create such meetings as are held this day. This shows that you A "Call to Prayer" goes out to all are real gardeners in the garden of God, lands with this message prepared by that you watch and pray because you 8ra. Elisa de PaBcoe, of Mexico: fear the one who wars against the Father and His servants shall come and sow his seeds in the hearts of men.

From all over our own land and from every land come testimonies of joy in being privileged to join the Christian women of the entire world in this fellowship ()f prayer, and evidences of an increasing interest in the extension of Christ's kingdom in the

Ask-for a life 'Of deeper spirituality quarters of the denominational misthat there may come a world-wide Pente- sion boards. C'Ost. The Federation of Woman's Boards Seek-for a life of world-service as of Foreign Missions of North America, church members "that the world may be- National Council of Federated Church lieve." Women and Council of Women for Home Missions are the three interde- Seek-for a life of cooperation and nominational organizations which prounity among churches that the work of mote the World Day 'Of Prayer. If the kingdom may go forward. the reader lives in a community where an observance has not heretofore been Knock-that. the world's door may be held and wishes to start plans for one opened-the Gospel spread-the kingdom in 1932, write for advice and sugestablished. gestions to the Joint Committee on World Day of Prayer, Room 43, 105 It is not too early to place order East 22nd Street, New York, N. Y. for supplies, especially the "Call to Prayer" which may be used weeks be- A PRAYER FOR UNITY fore the day and also at the Sunset Hour each Sabbath until the World "0 God, who didst plan the Gospel Day of Prayer, March 3, 1933. :Bor an undivided Church, refuse not, because of the misunderstandings of Young people's groups are urged to its message which rend the unity of make similar use of the "Call to Christendom, to continue Thy saving Young People." work in the broken order of our mak- ing. Prosper the labor of all Churches The poster (14×22 inches) is the bearing the name of Christ and strivsame design as last year's with space ing to further righteousness and faith at the bottom for insertion of time in Him. Help us to place the truth and place for local meeting. By plac- above our conception of it and joyfully ing a poster in every church in the to recognize the presence of Thy Holy community, store windows and other Spirit wherever He may choose to places of prominence several weeks dwell among men. Teach us wherein before the observance, the date will be we are sectarian in our contention and well known and there will be less like- give us grace humbly to confess our lihood of conflicting engagements. fault to those whom in past days, our Price of the poster is 10 cents. communion has driven from its fellow- ship by ecclesiastical tyranny, spirit- One excellent way of making the ual barrenness or moral inefficiency, World Day of Prayer known is through that we may become worthy and comthe seals for envelopes and letter- petent to bind up in the Church the heads. These are the same design as wounds- of which we are guilty and so to hasten the day when there will be the poster, %xl % inches, 25 cents per one flock under one Shepherd, Jesus Christ, our Lord."-Bishop Brent, hundred, $1.75 per thousand. S01lthern Churchman.

The Service of Consecration, "Look- As we go to press, we learn that Helen ing Unto Jesus," by Jean Grigsby Tupper has become Mrs. H. A. Yusufji. Paxton is again available for use in Her marriage takes her to Jubbulpore, connection with the 1932 observance. India. It is suitable for use by the committee in charge prior to the observance or All things are possible to him who beon the day itself. Price is 10 cents. lieves; they are less difficult to him who hopes; they are easier to him who loves; A history of the World Day of and still more easy to him who practices Prayer will be sent on request. and perseveres in these three virtues.- Brother Lawrence. It is possible that other material may be issued for use on February 12, so watch future issues of this magazine for announcements as well as denominational publications.

All of the World Day of Prayer supplies are to be order(ld from head-

AMERICA mission been established among

During the last thirty years wonder- The Revolt in Cuba ful success has attended the mission- aries in this region, and it seems as if LATIN American unrest has spread only a lack of funds prevents the to Cuba and a serious revolution evangelization of a brave and interestwas threatened under the leadership ing people. of ex-President Menocal. Economic hardship, due to low price and super- fluity of sugar (selling at two cents a Chapel Auto in Puerto Rico pound), has added to the flame of political discontent. The present regime, T HE chapel auto is in service ill whatever party is in power, is always distant parts of the Island of blamed for hard times. Fighting be- Puerto Rico, often taking a little sidgan on August 9th, but the proclama- ing along some country road. Recently tion of marshall law by President Ma- the colporter pitched his tent in one chado, the capture of the ex-president, of the open spaces of a "barrio," and the defeat of the revolutionists (village) of Rio Piedras, where two seem to have suppre&sed the uprising. Sunday-schools are held on Sunday The revolutionists demanded: afternoons. A number in these chapel car services openly confessed Christ. The return to the constitution of 1901. The Christians stand, if necessary, all The reorganization of political parties. through the services, to give their Freedom of press and speech. seats to those who come as strangers A new census and new elections. to the tent, many of whom are hearing Resignation of President Machada, the Gospel for the first time. Candi- "who has unconstitutionally extended his dates, gathered together to be intenure of office." structed, often are numerous enough to make up a congregation. They are Such political and economic trouble taught to pray, to sing the Gospel severely harrasses the work of the message, and to live the Chdstian Christian churches. The American way; they are also taught to give. Presbyterian, Baptists, Methodists and A large number of earnest workers, others have built up a strong work with their pastor, a"e taking the Gosand are cooperating harmoniously, but pel message to the interior homes, far the present poverty is proving a very removed from the central highway.- serious handicap. Watchnwn-Examiner.

Chilean Indians Chile in Confusion T HE South American Missionary ABOUT three months ago Chile be- Society draws attention to the ft came tired of the dictatorship of needs of the Araucanians of southern Chile. For three centuries this tribe President Carlos Ibanez and the fires of Indians heroically struggled against the invader, and in spite of having to stand against European arms and of revolt spread. Wild scenes were methods of warfare, they never ac- enacted in the city streets. As a re- knowledged defeat. The descendants suIt the dictator fled. Then the navy of these warriors still occupy the lands mutinied under Communist impulses for which their forefathers suffered and threatened to set up a Soviet and died. Naturally, they distrusted regime. The mutiny has now been the foreigner, and only recently has a quelled and order established but Com- 861

munist fires smoulder under the sur- mental .outfit. I showed him Luke 22: face. The Chilean Army, under the 36, explaining that Christ and His military dictator, increased from 30,- KingdDm .had been rejected, the new 000 to 70,000 and the national debt order 'Of things which would have been from $125,000,000 to $500,000,000. -ushered in under his reign being re- The Chilean people seek relief from fused by religiDus leaders of his day.

militarism and from over-burdening [But in the account .of the incident in taxation; they need enlightenment in Matthew 26: 52, Jesus rebuked Peter the teachings of Christ concerning the for his use of the sWDrd.] I then told true basis of peace, righteousness and them 'Of the day when Christ shall re- good will. turn to earth and when spears and Revival in Peru swords shall be beaten into plDwshares and war shall cease. There was great DR. GEORGE RIDOUT, after con- astonishment and hungry questions." ducting evangelistic meetings in Lima, Peru, said: "My experience in EUROPE Lima teaches me that a revival of re- Novel Non-Churchgoer Campaign ligion is possible anywhere if God's ANGLICAN and NDnconformist people will meet the conditions." churches in CrDyd'On (LondDn) conducted a novel campaign tD reach Referring to an aeroplane tour of nonchurchgDers. The Bishop of Cr'Oy- dDn and Mr. Idris Evans bODked the South America by Rev. Harry Strach- most popular .open-air cricket pitches an, the editor of the Latin American Evangeli8t, writes: Time was when we thought it abso- for a series of meetings for the eXP'Osilutely necessary to the evangelization of tiDn of Christianity in the light of the continent that God should raise up mDdern knowledge' and social condieloquent Latin American evangelists. tions. At each meeting there was an The years have taught us wisdom. To- address .on a s12ecial subject by an exday, we are asking God to put His Spirit pert, and then time was devoted to upon all the native believers, however answering questions. The devDtional humble, and send them out into the high- part of the service was eliminated. ways and byways to gather in such as The Bish'OP spDke every night fDr a shall be saved. Our converts everywhere week, and was supported by all the are humble people, but they are in touch clergy and ministers of the borDugh. with multitudes of their own class–the Social and industrial questions were class that constitutes the vast majority. discussed, as well as theological and If they were filled with the Holy Spirit, philDsophical problems. Hecklers were how their love and zeal would speed them given full 'Opportunity by the speakers. with the message into'places where the missionary cannot go! Out on the coffee Religion in Norway Schools plantations, the peon would tell his fel-. lows; the washerwoman down by the RELIGION is included in the curricriver side would tell in her own way of ulum .of the scho'Ols in Norway and the joy and peace that are hers, because in other cDuntries with a state religiDn, "Jesus came into her heart." Wherever these believers are aflame with love to Christ. they are doing just that, with blessed results in souls saved.

Evangelizing Chile's Armies according to the United States Office .of EducatiDn. The religiDus instruc- MR. AND MRS. WILLIAM M. tiDn is usually listed first 'On the pro- STRONG, whD have been preach- gram. The age of confirmatiDn in the ing tD natiDnal troDps in both Chile Norwegian Lutheran Church is nDr- and Ecuador consider this the most mally fourteen, that is, at the clDse .of interesting .of all their South Ameri- the folke8kole, (primary: schDDI) when can ministry. At the clDse of a series the child has completed his first step 'Of meetings the oomma:rulante, sur- in religious training. The aim of the rDunded by his officers, asked: "'How CDurse in the middlekole, (secDndary do you reconcile the teachings of Jesus schoDl) is "tD secure a definite knowl- Christ with this 7" indicating the regi- edge of the mDst impDrtant content 'Of

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Bible history, the principal events in 1925. Nine denominations are included church history, together with the in the Council, only the Reformed Christian fundamentals according to churches having as yet refrained from the evangelical Lutheran faith." joining.

Million Dollar Church in Paris Religious Liberty in Italy THE American Church of Paris, a T HE Council of the World's Evan- union Protestant church whose first gelical Alliance has addressed a building was opened in 1857, dedicated letter to Signor Mussolini thanking its new million dollar edifice in Sep- him for "the recent promulgation of tember. The minister, Rev. Joseph W. Decree.'l of the Italian Government un- Cochran, is a Presbyterian, formerly .der which liberty of conscience and of Philadelphia and New York. The worship, first granted in Italy in 1861, church is free from debt, two Amer- is reaffirmed and substantiated for all icans having given $350,000 toward classes and creeds in the Italian kingthe building. Many of the stained dom." The following reply has been glass windows are gifts of American received through the Italian Ambasfriends of the church. The church is sador in London: "I am instructed by a positive influence in the city and is the Head of the Italian Government looked to for spiritual guidance by to thank you on his behalf for your many who have long since broken con- letter of the 2nd July last, and convey tact with their traditional religion. to you his most sincere appreciation The press in all parts of the republic of your acknowledgment of his action is opening its pages as never before in favor of liberty of conscience and to the news of evangelical progress. worship in Italy."

Gospel for Gypsies Finnish Mission Society ABOUT six years ago Jaija Sattler, FROM the annual report of Director member of a gypsy tribe of horse Tarkkanen of the Finnish Mission traders in north Germany, confessed Society, it appears that in Africa, Christ and has since worked as evan- where the Society has been at work gelist among gypsies. Last year he for 60 years, the doors are wide open translated John's Gospel in their dia- for the Gospel. The present number lect and 562 copies of the little book, of Christians in this field is 25,000. bound in red, the gypsy favorite color, During the past year 1,195 candidate~ were distributed during the summer. have applied for baptism.

The gypsies are not educated, nor The work in China is laboring unhave they a literature for preserving der the stress of the times but as a their language. Spending their lives result of the difficulties the Christians on the move, with only occasional there have experienced a deepening of gathering of their clans, their speech their faith and the work has been has fallen into many dialects. This carried forward. In spite of the ravnecessitates the printing of very small ages caused by Communists and baneditions in each dialect, with frequent dits, the hindering of the work, the changes in translation. plundering and destruction of stations, the work itself has &'Qne on. There Holland Has Church Council were 67 baptisms which under the circumstances is considered a very en- A COUNCIL of Churches in the couraging number. Besides, the pros- Netherlands came into being this pects for educational work are bright. year and held its first meeting on May The area oomprises a population of 28, in Utrecht. This most recent of three and one-half millions and among the developments in church federation these there are five male missionaries in Europe is a direct outcome of the at work (with only three married) Universal Christian Conference on and five unmarried female mission- Life and Work, held in Stockholm in

aries. The board is working with a curved in to the pinnacle. ThecSe domes deficit 'of 313,000 marks. were so graceful that they looked like golden bubbles 'On the tops of the (JowDlunism. Decreasing towers. The whole structure stood as E XCEPT in Germany and the Unit- a monument of Russian art and re- ed States, the membership of the ligion. But the Soviets put dynamite Communist Party is said to be now under it and reduced it to a mass of considerably less than it was a few broken stone. This piece of vandalism years ago. This fact was stated at is an illustration of what the anti- the recent meeting of the Communist religious Communists would like to do International Executive Committee in to God and to all religious faith. Their Moscow. Great Britain's figures indi- attitude and acts are a result of igno- cate that Communism finds its most rance, blindness and stupidity. Even favorable soil in times of local unrest. sceptics cry 'Out against such foolish The highest recorded membership of and destructive violence.

the Party in England was 10,730 in September, 1926, during the closing AFR,1;CA of the mines. In 1921 there were 10,- Conference on Children 000 members; early in 1931, 2,711 AN INTERNATIONAL Conference only. A notable feature of the Com- .t:. on African Children, organized munist Party's experience is the ra- by the "Save the Children Inter- pidity with which its new members national Union" wa,s held at Geneva drop away. Considering, therefore, during the summer. Nine experts that the latest figures must still in- were sent by the British Government.

clude a proportion of what might be The Belgian and Italian Governments called "floating" members, the solid were also represented. Delegates from membership of the Party in Great many denominations, including mis- Britain possibly does not much exceed sionaries and several Negroes from 1,000. The heavy loss of new mem- Africa and America took an active bers is almost certainly accounted for part in the discussions. It was de- by two causes: first, that Communism cided that a permanent center of in- promises to the needy and disaffected formation regarding African children what it cannot perform; second, that should be established in Geneva under the Party demands from its members the international union.

a degree of discipline and proselytiz- Conclusions regarding infant mor- ing labor such as only the fanatical tality, education and child labor will are prepared to give. Communism is be submitted to the colonial powers a most exacting form of slavery, and concerned, and to all colonial adminis- not, as is sometimes assumed, a doc- trations in Africa.

trine of perfect freedom.-The Chris- tian (London). Prohibition in Abyssinia Russians Blow Up Cathedral! PROHIBITION agitation has per- meated Ethiopia, says Addison E. Southard, American Minister t'O Abys- T HE Soviet Russians have blown up sinia. the great Cathedral of Moscow, built by Alexander I in commemora- Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethition of the defeat of Napoleon. This opia, claims descent from Solomon and was one of the great pieces of Russian the Queen of Sheba. architecture. Its walls rose foursquare pierced by slender windows, on the The Berhanena Salama-Abyssinia's four corners were small towers sur- on:Jy nationally read newspaper- speaks thus of intoxicating drink: mounted with domes, and out of the The harm caused by drink shops is vast structure rose the great central worthy of serious consideration. Prodome, consisting of a tower-like colon- prietors of lands alongside the roads naded base which swelled out and then build two Dr three or more ShDPS, accord- ing to their means, and rent them out.

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The greater number of these places are teachers, and sent Europeans there, operated as drink shops. In order that they found at least 20,000 who stood receipts may not diminish, the operators steadfastly by the little they had of these shops invite musicians. When learned, waiting for the further light. passers-by hear the voices of musicians they are attracted by the music. Some Other African prophets have been young men approach the shops and listen. They see the home brew displayed in a menace to truth. Carried away by decanters, and they say: "Let us buy a piaster's worth and taste it." ·selfish ambition they have threatened both government and right conduct. Attracted by the conversation, they South Africa has had a succession of tarry and decide to drink more. The these. But instances are not lacking musicians request them to give their where religious awakening has come names. After they have given their through visions to those with Chrisnames the musicians begin to praise tian tendencies. One man, who apthem. parently died, sat up and told of a journey into another world, to a bright Drink shops should be forbidden, as and shining city where all were dressed they have become the source of all sins. in spotless white. One had come and told him to return to earth and call African. Gifts for Education. the people to give up beer and polyga- my and believe the Word of God. His ON THE Buwalasi plateau, 500 feet words were heard with awe by those up on Mount Elgon (Kenya Col- who had gathered to mourn. When ony), a training institution for clergy the man recovered he went everyand teachers is being erected by the where, speaking this simple Gospel of Church Missionary Society. Part of repentance and whoie villages were the money was contributed in England moved by the word of one who seemed and Ireland' and now Archdeacon to have heard in the spirit world the Mathers is bringing the scheme before message that confirmed the mission- African chiefs and congregations in ary's Gospel. the diocese. On one such occasion he says: Revolt in. Belgian Congo The chiefs rose one by one and depre- ECONOMIC depression is felt in the cated the selfish uses of money, county remote Kwango district of Belchiefs promising 100 to 200 shillings, gian Congo in the lowered price of smaller chiefs 60s., 50s., 40s., etc. A na- palm nuts, and the government is contive policeman gave lOs., teachers gave sidering the necessity for a fixed price more than a month's wage. A blind girl because of the natives' inability to gave 2s.; a man going on hands and understand economic fluctuation. Reknees 2s. At Lira when the school chil- cently, serious trouble was precipitated dren were asked if they could manage by so-called "Sons of Satan," a tribe 1008., immediately a forest of hands shot of devil worshipers. A prophet, anup. The people are also bravely tackling nounced that Satan was coming, and the erection of a church to cost £1,000. would bring money, provisions, and It was amusing at several places, where clothes. Natives erected huts around many could not find room inside the their villages, with gifts for Satan, as church, to see heads popping in at small they awaited his arrival. Then the windows, eager to make their promises. natives decided to expel the white man The promises in all amounted to about and dispose of everything belonging £250 ($1,220). to the Europeans. Trouble began in earnest, and rebellion followed. A -The Hope of Africa. European official was seized, killed and eaten by the natives. Punitive meas- "Prop,hets" in A.frica ures on a large .scale were then under- taken, and the revolt has been sub- ONE of the most striking phases of dued. African character is seen in the influence of so-called prophets.

William Harris was an unlettered catechumen of the Wesleyan Mission, who carried his burning zeal for the simple message of Christ all over the Ivory Coast, until French authorities deported him. When the Wesleyans heard the cry of his followers for 5

Religious Freedom in Sudan WESTERN ASIA A MOHAMMEDAN girl of the Su- Moslem Appraises Christian Mis"ions dan recently became a Christian. In Egypt, Copts may turn to Islam, AN ARTICLE in a Moroccan paper, and hundreds do, but in spite of by an outstanding Syrian, speaks constitutional religious liberty, if a on the nonpolitical character of Chris- Mohammedan wishe·s to become a tian missions: Christian, he meets opposition from all sides, and the law is no help to him. It has seemed good to many Moslems, The Egyptian Government has at times insisted upon young women, who whenever propagandists of the Gospel had become Christians, returning to their Mohammedan relatives or guard- appear in any corner of the Moslem ians. The Sudan Government, on the contrary, refused to return the young lands, to say, This is all machination for Mohammedan girl referred to above, to her Mohammedan relative·s on the the purpose of colonizing. I have always ground that she was of age. She has since been baptized, and is in active been and still am against this idea….. . Christian service.-AUiance Weekly. Those who invite to Christianity, and "TThe Hope of ./.frica HE two greatest fO.rces fO.r good who risk their lives for its sake in that are at work III AfrIca today are without doubt the Christian the farthest lands-despising killing, or home and the Christian school," writes a missionary of the Church Mission- death from cholera, or sleeping sickness; ary Society at Gulu, in the Eastern Province of Uganda. "It is the Chris- accepting gladly in its course a rough tian pupils in our schools who are the hope of Africa. It is they who will lhiof~eess,epaanrdatiootnherfrothmingths eir people and make or mar the nation, and so we th at are dear must fit them, body, mind, and spirit, for the tasks that lie before them. To to a man-do not endure all these hard- ships ……for the seeking of worldly aims, but have other-worldly purposes purely; they desire, according to their thought, to guide the rest of mankind into the right way. Truly, I respect these groups …… with all respect, and hope that there may be in Islam some to un- dertake one-tenthousandth part of what these undertake of sacrifice in such a course …… The great mass of them go to all parts of the world, and risk danger, and strive day and night to spread their religion and their intelligence without expecting rewards or thanks. Where are the preachers of Islam, callers to the Koran, who will give generously of their means; cross the deserts, and climb the mountains, and travel the seas to spread the word of monotheism? Where are the societies organized for this praiseworthy purpose?-Alliance Weekly.

do this we must train up more African United Missionary Council men and women who will in their T HE biennial meeting of the United turn lead their pupils 'on to be the best Missioriary Council of Syria and they can be for Christ and for their Palestine, held in Beirut last spring, own people. The call comes for more was the first attended by regular deleworkers to go out to these people. gates from evangelical churches of the Educational work is full of interest two countries. One of the first tasks and fascination in the Elgon Mission of the Educational Union was to surtoday, and full of untold possibilities. vey the extensive areas of Syria and Thousands are clamoring for knowl- Palestine unoccupied by any missionedge and yet there are all too few ary agency. Hundreds of villages are teachers and schools. The people are still untouched, but the new attitude most responsive. 'Send us a teacher,' of receptivity among the non-Chrisis their cry again and again, and often tian population is a challenge. There there are no teachers to send. Surely is an eagerness for education and litwe, with all the educational advan- erature. There is a breaking down tages we enjoy at home ought to give of the extreme rigidity of Islam and them a Christian education that will of the former prejudice against changchange the life of the country." ing one's religron. Public baptisms

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are possible and converts may ever re- American Board missionary institu- main in their old environment, and tions in Turkey from the point of view there witness for Christ. of religIous education. – The Congre- Other "finding,s" included: The or- gationalist.

ganization of the Christian Medical Council of Syria and Palestine; the INDIA AND BURMA establishment of a clearing house for Gandhi's Appeal for India M information about the development of AHATMA GANDHI gave his first radio broadcast from London and religious and political movements in this area; and an annual life-work it was heard in America on September conference for boys. 13th. He said: "On behalf of India's Prison for "Yellow" Editors semi-starved millions, I appeal to the conscience of mankind to come to the T HE L"nited Press states that news- rescue of people who are dying in or- papers in Turkey must be digni- der to regain their liberty." He defied, or their editors will go to jail. A scribed the human race as "sick unto new law prohibits the elaborating of death of blood-spilling" and as seeking reports of murders, burglaries, and another method of settling differences.

suicides. Any attacks on the institu- "Perhaps it will be the privilege of the tion of monogamous marriage are for- ancient land of India to show the way bidden, as well as detailed reports of out to a hungering world!"

divorce proceedings. It is said that The thing which impressed listeners the highly CO'lored representations of was its sincerity and his admissions suicides in particular, which have ap- of the weakness of the case which he peared in the Turkish press, have been represents. He expressed humiliation responsible for prompting a wave of that Hindus believe that millions of suicides among the young, especially their countrymen are born "untouch- among Turkish women and students. ables." He spoke frankly of the vio- lent divisions between Moslems and Religious Education – Without Reli- Hindus and offered to sign a blank gion'! piece of paper letting his Moslem CAN the religion of Jesus be caught friends write out the agreement. Mr. without being taught? This is a Gandhi is descended from a line of real problem in missionary work. The prime minister,s in his native state.

Turkish Government has placed in- Before he abjured worldly gain, he creasingly stringent regulations in the was earning a good income as an at- way of religious instruction in the torney in British courts. The loincloth schools and other institutions main- that he wears is his armor and a tained bv the American Board in Asia badge of honor, showing his selfsacri- Minor. . The Bible cannot be taught, ficing spirit in the efforts to bring nor religious services held in connec- peace and prosperity to India.

tion with school' work. The teachers are forbidden to discuss religion with Poverty and Illiteracy in India anyone under eighteen years of age T HE report of the British Royal Commission on Labor in India, without the parents' consent. with -seven Indians, and represent- How far can Christian faith be atives of employers and workmen and propagated by ,simple "contagion of character"? Is it sufficient for a mis- one woman, is generallyconsidered the sionary to merely live a truly Chris- most valuable document ever produced tian life without overt efforts at evan- giving reliable and impartial informagelism? These are interesting questions, and exceedingly practical ones. tion about labor conditions in India. W. A. Harper, formerly president of The report says: Elon College, has sailed for the Near East to study the present work of the In India nearly the whole mass of in- dustrial labor is illiterate, a state of affairs which is unknown in any other

country of industrial importance. It is expenditure of about $900,000. This almost impossible to overestimate the will provide a beautiful chapel, two consequences of this disability, which are classroom buildings, library, four labobviously in wages, in health, in produc- oratories, an administration building, tivity, in organization and several other a students union club house, six dordirections. Modern machine industry de- mitories, a swimming pool, athletic pends in a peculiar degree on education, grounds and 35 bungalows for the and the attempt to build it up with an faculty. illiterate body of workers must be difficult and perilous.

Decline of Drink Tramc A Boy in Tra.ining F T IGURES of the excise revenues of HE story of Jito, one of the stu- India for the year, April, 1930, to dents at Ewing Christian High March, 1931, show evidence of con- School, Ludhiana, is as an example of siderable decline. The anti-drink cam- the type of boy who seeks education paign carried on by the National there. Jito enrolled a number of years Congress and its thQusands of volun- ago with a desire for an education, teers all over the country is an im- but had little money with which to portant factor in bringing about this pay his expenses. A friend paid part decline in the revenues from intoxi- and he received a scholarship. He cut cating drink. The general economic kindling wood and worked at any odd depression has also made its contribu- job which he could get. tion, for people naturally give up non- Jito is from the depressed (out- essentials when their ineome declines. caste) classes. He told the principal The total loss of excise revenues for last winter that his greatest desire in one year in all the provinces is 34,- life was to become a Christian min- 845,000 rupees, (about $13,500,000). ister. With that as his goal he is attending a training class for teachers Christian Educa.tion for Men and after that will learn a trade, per- DR. E. D. LUCAS, President of For- haps weaving, so that he will have man Christian College, recently -some means of helping to support himsaid that the next ten years in India self, should his congregation not be are going to be perhaps the most able to meet all his expenses.

critical years in India'-s long history: Fifty Years in Ongole and what India becomes and does in these ten years will be of great sig- T HE golden jubilee of the Ongole nificance to the entire world. He con- High School in South India was tinued: celebrated early this year. During "America has done big things in these past fifty years more than 4,200 Christian education for China, the boys have attended this American Philippines, the Near 'East and for Baptist Mission school. The influence Egypt, but we have not a single well- of this institution among the Telugus endowed or well-equipped American can scarcely be overestimated. Gradu- Christian college for men in India. A ates are filling positions of trust both college, which for the present receives in and out of the mission, ranging substantial help in men and money from doctors in mission hospitals, from America, with its -spirit and con- teachers and headmasters in schools, trol thoroughly Indian, is what Chris- from village primary to normal train- tian India wants for the training of ing schools, agriculturalists, clerks, her best sons and for helpful, fruitful school inspectors, agents in govern- service to non-Christian India. ment offices, and many other positions "For this new college of our dreams, of interest. Those in charge of the we have secured and'paid for the new school aim so to permeate the institu- site of 200 acres, we have in the sale tion with the spirit of Christ, and value of our present site about $500,- surround the boys with the Christian 000. Our building plans call for an atmosphere that they will be eager

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and ready to represent him in what- CH.~A ever work they do in India.-Watchman-Examiner. Christianity at Work Christian Leadership in Burma DR. C. Y. CHENG, foremost Chris- tian leader of China, was a rJ' HRA )fAUNG YIN is a product speaker at the International C. E. .1 of foreign missions. His efficiency, Convention in San Francisco. His observations on the religious tug of zeal and wise administration have war going on in China are of interest. brought him deserved commendation. He says that the spirit of bewilder- He is an acknowledged leader, wise in ment has passed and a changed attiall his efforts, commanding the respect tude from inertia to activity has come and good will of all races among whom over the Christian Church, which has he works. been kept busy during the past two years in practical projects for the un- When he enlisted for work among fortunate. Many forms of applied rethe non-Christians during his first long ligion have been attempted with good vacation while attending the Theo- effects, notably the famine relief work logical Seminary, the villagers where for the ·suffering millions. The Nawe asked him to stay and work re- tional Christian Council is considering fused to receive him, yet he quietly practical measures for helping the stayed, helping them in their houses economic conditions. A number of and field manual work, meantime gain- Christian Qr semi-Christian organizaing the interest and cooperation and tions are facing some of the more admiration of the children. Then he urgent social problems, such as child started a school and of course estab- welfare, opium traffic and mass edulished a choir. The pupils helped him cation. There is also a new consciousbuild a rough school building, but it ness of the importance of the home, was soon burned. They built another and much attention has been given to and that, too, was burned. Somewhat efforts for the christianization of the later they built a third which is still home life of China. standing. When he had to go back to the Seminary they all begged him On the other hand, opposing forces to come back to them during the next against Christianity have never been vacation. so bold and positive in their denunci- ations and criticisms. More literature That was almost 30 years ago and has been published in recent years now that village is Christian and the against the Christian religion than in center of several other villages which all past years; yet the circulation of also have become Chri.stian. There is the Bible has been singularly successno church which would not gladly call ful. General Chang Chih-chiang orhim as pastor if a new one were re- dered specially bound copies from the quired. American Bible Society for his Chris- tian and non-Christian friends, and He served for two years as chaplain had printed on the covers, "This is during the War and baptized 137 con- the greatest book in the world." verts from his regiment, Burmans, Pwo Karens and Sgaw Karens, who Missionaries and the Church in China have stood the test of time admirably. The English commanding officer ex- THE position of the missionary in pressed the greatest regret that he the Church of Christ in China is could not stay longer and gave him discussed in an address by Dr. A. R. the highest recommendation as to his Kepler, General Secretary of the Seccharacter and abilities. ond Assembly of the Church of Christ in China. Because of the lack of uni- It is now his ambition to have every formity in practice Dr. Kepler makes church in the Baptist Association a the following proposals :- center of evangelism, dennitely pledged to active participation. – Dr. C. A. Nichols.

(1) That missionaries now holding ing a worthy reply to her detractors membership only in the Church in in the Five-Year Movement, 8eeking China be advised to restore their mem- to build up her own spiritual life, make bership in their Mother Church in the active Christian centers of her homes, West. (2) That we urge all local reach out to the unevangelized with churches, district associations and the Gospel of Christ, and to offer servsynods to receive missionaries work- ice to the illiterate, the ignorant, the ing in the Church in China as cooper- poor and oppressed, the victims of an ative members, and that as long as unjust social order and the rapidly dethey work in our Church, they shall vel9ping industrial system. 5. Rural have all the privileges and responsi- church work has entered on a new bilities that the Chinese have in the era of effectiveness. 6. Most signifisame work. (3) That we ask each cant was the public baptism of the church, district association and synod virtual President of the Republic, to provide on its membership rolls a Chiang K'ai-Shek. classification known as cooperative members, on which the missionaries Communism.'s Strength and Weakness working under the control of our Church shall be placed. (4) That other T HE present strength of Commumissionaries not working under the nism in China is seen in the folcQntrol of the Church in China, but lowing figures: their five generals working in affiliated organizations, control four armies totaling 60,000 such as the Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. C. soldiers. A., National Christian Council, Christian Literature Society, etc., may also These Communists operate in five be made cooperative members by the provinces, actually rule over 50,000 vote of the local church, district as- square miles, have the cooperation of sociation or synod. (5) Where the wife Russia, the ,sympathy and support of of a missionary does full-time WQrk millions of peasants and workers, and under the Church, she shall, as a mem- when they are attacked by national ber of the local church, have all the troops, groups of mutino~s soldiers privileges of church members.-The continually join them. In two vears United Church Review. they caused 28 mutinies in th~ na- tional armie;; and stirred up 184 The Church Marches On strikes in Shanghai alone. T. T. Lew reports that of 600 books printed in T HE London Missionary Society China during the first five months of thus sums up the progress made 1930, two-thirds were on social probby the Chinese Christian Church. 1. lems, and at least 400 were colored by The violent anti-foreign movement Communism or were thoroughly Comhas shorn the Church of political pres- munistic. Their leaders are well edutige, leaving her stronger spiritually, cated and courageous; many have and free to become a veritable Chinese studied in Moscow or other places in Church. 2. The same thing ·stimulated, Europe. even precipitated, the growth of selfgovernment. The Church during this Withal, it is not considered likely time has taken over from the missions that Communism will dominate China many responsibilities and is preparing because it violates the Chinese demoto assume more. 3. The union of Con- cratic instinct, her social and family gregational and Presbyterian elements ideas, as well as her love of comprois attracting to itself other denomina- mise and peaceful methods. tional groups and is building up a strong Church organization. A pro- Peaceful Activities of the Army visional General Assembly was held in 1925, and the first full meeting two FOR the first time in the history of years ·later. 4. The church is mak- China, soldiers of the National Army have been utilized in a purely civil undertaking completely in charge of civilians, acccrding to a letter re-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ceived by the Board of Foreign Mis- was a burglar and although the missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. sionary had not aimed to kill him and S. A. The occasion was the formal had not even intended to wound him, opening of the $1,000,000 Satochu still the shooting was not justifiable. Canal on the Yellow River, running They said: almost 50 miles to the Black River, with about 150 miles of branch water- Although Dr. Tucker, in protecting the ways cutting off from the main canal. hospital property, felt it necessary to The soldiers in uniform were im- shoot, certainly the taking of life is conpres,sed into the service in order to trary to the purpose of a missionary in have the canal ready on schedule time. coming to China. As the missionary pro- The canal was conceived and consum- claims the Gospel of Jesus, who sacrificed mated in the hope that it will help His life for others, so the missionary's convert the Yellow River, known as acts should exemplify the Christian "China's Sorrow," into "China's Bless- spirit. Accordingly the present group ing." absolutely disapproves of this fatal shooting, unintentional though it was, " 0A Chinese ArDlY Decalogue and likewise disapproves of a mission- MEA," an organization of influ- ary using deadly firearms to protect ence in the nationalist armies of property. China, signifies "Officers Moral Endeavor Association." The body is pat- The American and British business terned after the Y. M. C. A. and has men in China have strongly taken the adopted ten commandments formu- opposite view. Certainly the incident lated by General Chiang Kai-shek, is much to be regretted, although the president. They are: missionary may be exonerated. It is the conviction of many Christians that 1. Thou shalt not covet rifles. the taking of the life of another is not 2. Thou shalt not fear to die. justifiable, even in the defence of one's 3. Thou shalt not ostentatiously personal life and property.

show thyself. JAPAN-CHOSEN 4. Thou shalt not be proud. 5. Thou shalt not be lazy. Lack of Religious Liberty in Japan 6. Thou shalt not commit adultery CHRISTIAN schools in Japan have nor gamble. been laboring under a serious 7. Thou shalt not smoke. handicap in their effort to provide re- 8. Thou shalt not borrow money. ligious education for their students. 9. Thou shalt not drink wine. 10. Thou shalt not lie. On August 3, 1899, the Department of Education issued a regulation which Shan Missionaries Shoot? reads as follows: T HE fatal shooting of a Chinese Since it is highly important to keep burglar by Dr. F. F. Tucker, in general education separate from religion, the Williams-Porter Hospital of the therefore it shall not be allowed in American Board Mission at Tehchow government and public schools and in last July, created a diplomatic incident schools conforming to the curriculum which was settled by the release of the ordained by law, to conduct religious missionary in custody of the Ameri- ceremonies even outside of the regular can consul at Tsinan. Twenty-seven curriculum. members ,of the American Board Mission, of which Dr. Tucker was a mem- This ordinance has forbidden reliber, sent a statement of their attitude gious instruction and religious ceretoward the incident to the vernacular monies in all government and public and English-language pres,s. These schools and in all schools which sought missionaries, who did not sign their full government recognition. names, held that, although the Chinese Schools which were willing to for- feit the privileges and advantages of government recognition could p"ovide for religious education in their cur- riculum and hold religious meetings in their school buildings. Such schools are at a great disadvantage because

of the fact that graduates of recog- rate per 1,000 fell from 19.6 to 16.7, nized public schools may go on to and the infant mortality fell to 65 per higher institutions without an exam- 1,000 births as compared to the averination: also these students get the age of 156 for the whole of Japan. privilege of postponing military training until after graduation, and they The National Brewers and Distillers get preferential treatment in securing League faces the probability (on their government appointments and public own e·stimate) of a decreased coneducational institutions. sumption this year of 25 per cent and memoralized the Government to forbid The result is that ambitious young all in official positions from in any way people apply first of all to government supporting or furthering the Temand public institutions and if they fail perance Movement! to get in there they take the Christian and private schools as a second choice. Hara Kiri and Temperance This means that the best and brightest students, as a rule, are found in AT THE annual conference of the government and public schools while Japan Temperance League, in the Christian and other private schools ancient capital of Nara, 800 represenhave to be content with students of. tative tempe"ance workers gathered lesser ability. from practically every prefecture in the empire. There are now 2,111 tem- A Dry Villa.ge in Japan perance societies reported, an increase of 555 during the year. NOTO,a village of 3,000 population, is the first "dry" village in Japan. The sacrificial enthusiasm of the (There are now 54 dry, in whole or in workers for temperance is shown in part.) When the village school was the remarkable fact that a year ago destroyed by fire five years ago the 54 persons banded themselves tovillage was too poor to rebuild. At gether, vowing each to organize one that time the average amount spent new society during the year or else yearly by the villagers in sake was commit hara kiri before the assembled about Yen 9,000. They figured that delegates! This band was able to refive years' abstinence would build a port 85 new societies due to the efforts new school and by vote of the Village of members. The "Hara Kiri" Band Council decided to go "dry" for a five- was reorganized with 85 members this year period. That new school build- year. ing has now been paid for, and the benefit of abstinence has been so The average amount of sake manumarked that the council voted to ex- factured in the empire during the five tend the term for five years further. years 1925-29 shows a decrease of 6% Mr. Moriyama, headman of the village, per cent over the previous five years. gives statistics showing that progress There is, however, a 16 per cent per had been made in every department. capita increase over the year 1913. The total taxes on sake amount to Yen In 1925 there were in Co-op. Society 20,000,000 per year. 369 members with Yen 27,819 deposits. Crisis in Christian Education In 1930 there were in Co-op. Society 523 members with Yen 37,973 deposits. T HERE is a general feeling that all is not well with Christian educa- In 1925 there were P.O. Savings by tion in Japan. There is a growing 1,787 persons of Yen 4,797. spirit of dissatis{action with things as they are. The tendency has been In 1930 there were P.O. Savings by to leave some weakness as an inevi- 2,546 persons of Yen 9,395. table result of circumstances over which Christian educators have no Health was better. Men reported control; but today the question is beas able to do twice as much work as ing asked seriously as to whether these before. Patients in the local hospitals circumstances are not threatening the decreased steadily from 206 in 1925 to 113 in 1930. The general death

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

very raison d'etre of Christian edu- nese. Possibly they were stimulated cation. Two suggestions seem to be by Japanese of the sQ-called Man- outstanding in the minds of those churia-MongQlia party who are agitat- who have given their best thought Qn ing to extend Japan's sphere of in- the subject. One is the need of a fluence in these two regions. The drastic reduction of numbers, the Japanese authQrities apparently were Qther is a fearless PQlicy of unity. For very remiss in failing to protect the the future of Christian education the Chinese and to disbul"Se the Korean two must stand or fall together; but mobs. The police claimed to' have in- either, if carried into effect, will re- sufficient forces at hand but a few quire courageQUS action. Will the armed Japanese police might have con- churches and mission boards allQw trolled the situation. Only the lQwer such actiQn to be taken? – Japan classes of Koreans – ignorant and Ch1'istian Quarterly. easily inflamed tQQk part in the at- tacks. Whenever Japanese soldiers or A Japanese Philanthropist armed police appeared on the scene AJAPANESE layman, who is al- they had no difficulty in restoring or- ready giving a son to the church's der. ministry, is now establishing a trust fund of about $100,000 gold, the in- The Chinese are convinced that the come to be used fQr the church in the attacks were at least winked at by the Tohoku District, after the death of Japanese authorities in Qrder to crethe donor and his wife, It is an epoch- ate a situation that would justify the marking event. occupation of new districts in Man- churia. The Chinese Consul General Dr. Imaizumi, the giver, it fine in SeQul reports that attention Qf Christian gentleman and a professQr Japanese authorities was called to ruin the Imperial University at Sendai, mors of impending riots but this said simply that he felt everything he notice was ignored. The subsequent possessed he held in trust fQr GQd and occupatiQn of Mukden by Japanese His Church and that the time had troops gives additional cause for suscO'me when he must prepare to give piciQn that the military party in Japan up his stewardship. is nQt guiltless.

As a result of these cQnflicts, China Chinese in Chosen has refused Japanese cQntributi{)ns to- UNFORTUNATE attacks Qn Chi- ward relief of flood sufferers, has de- nese occured last July in several clared a boycott on Japanese goods Korean cities, and several hundred in- and has appealed to' the League of nQcent Chinese were killed or severely Nations to' investigate the Manchurian injured. Many shQPs and hQmes were situation.

alsO' burned 0'1' IOQted and hundreds of thQusands of dQllars WQrth Qf gQQds Christisns in Korea A were destrQYed. The attacks seem to' J APANESE gentleman recently told his traveling cQmpanion Qn have started in Gensan and later spread to PYengyang, Seoul and other the train that abQut half of the Korean centers. The immediate cause was peQple were Christians, While this is dQubtless the "WanpaQshan Incident" far frQm true, none can deny that the when a clash occurred Qn July 2nd Christian religiQn is a vital and in- between the KQreans and Chinese in creasingly potent factor in the lives of cQnnectiQn with the excavatiQn Qf a the Koreans. The extreme poverty, river channel. superstitiQn and ignorance of the peo- From the most authentic reports it ple, and the absence of traditional seems evident that some Japanese lQyalty to other weIl-Qrganized faiths, newspapers enlarged and misrepre- has given the Christians a peculiar sented the "incident" fQr the purpose advantage in Chosen. The tQtal num- of inflaming Koreans against the Chi- ber Qf KQrean cQmmunicants in PrQt-

estant churches is approximately 260,- world, has been helping with the kin- 000. In proportion to the population dergarten work. The public school au- that is about three times the member- thorities, offered her a salary almost ship of the churches in Japan, al- three times larger than the one she though Protestant missions have been received, if she would give up the conducted less than fifty years in mission work and accept a position in Korea and more than sixty-five years the government school. But she re- in Japan. plied, "No, I have already found my work, and am so happy in it, I would ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC not think of leaving it for any amount of salary." rrThe Bible for the Moros HE Rev. G. B. Cameron, Secretary A successful Sunday-school conven- for the Phi.lippine Islands, writes tion had as a speaker, Hon. Theodore in the Bible Society Record, of the Yangoo, one of the wealthiest men in restrictions in evangelizing Moham- the islands and who was the first resimedans: dent commissioner to represent the "Until recently some government Philippines in Washington in 1908officials adhered strictly to a policy 1910. He is a member of the Manila of noninterference with the religion Presbyterian church and a gl'eat philof the Mohammedans, and discouraged anthropist.

or frustrated any attempt of mission- aries to teach the Mohammedans about Pioneering in Dutch East Indies T Christianity. Lately, however, the HREE years ago the whole east coast of Borneo was without a misbars have been let down somewhat. A few courageous souls have been quietly sionary; nor was there any in interior carrying on among the Moros for some Borneo, with its one million popula- years, and lately three separate mis- tion, none in Bali, Lombok or Sum- sions have openly undertaken evan- bawa, the three islands east of Java gelistic work in different sections of and only one in the southwestern pen- the Moro field, with encouraging re- insula of the Celebes. Now, under the sults. Alliance Mission and the Chinese For- "Missionaries are clamoring for eign Missionary Union eight stations Moro Scriptures – in three dialects! in all are in operation. Bali, largest The mission in Sulu wants the Gos- in' population of the three islands, had pels and later the New Testament put a Dutch missionary 60 years ago, but up in such a way as to reach the three was martyred by the Balinese; and schools. This means a triglot-a sec- since then Dutch colonial authority tion on one side of the open pages has prohibited missionary work there.

in Arabic script (the sacred writing) In Lombok, the only barrier is one of for the datu class, and on the opposite language, while in Sumbawa, Moham- page, in two sections, the same ac- medanism is strongly entrenched.

count in Romanized letters and in The "Courier," a little motor launch, English." 42 feet long by 11 feet wide, the gift of Rev. Paul Rader's people in Chi- Work for Filipino Children cago, arrived at the end of last year T HE Rev. Charles N. Magill, D.D., and will prove helpful in carrying the a Presbyterian missionary at Ta- Gospel message to the interior of yaba, Philippine lslands, has been con- Borneo.

ducting services five nights a week.

Every Sunday afternoon and Tuesday NORTH AMERICA evening classes are held for fifty boys Men and Mi"8on8 Sunday N and girls between the ages of six and OVEMBER 15th marks the 25th anniversary of the founding of twelve. Miss Babista, who has been in the Laymen's Missionary Movement.

America and traveled around the By action of many mission boards, this

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

day is to be known as "Men and Mis- which the issues that lie at the center sions Sunday." of all the church's efforts were dis- cussed by notable speakers. Every minister is being asked to preach on some phase of the theme of Peace Meeting. in 150 Cities the day. "HOW may another world war be Where the order of service permits, averted?" was the theme di·s- a layman may be requested to speak on the same topic – "Men and Mis- cussed at peace mass meetings held in sions"-for five or ten minutes. 150 cities across the United States and Canada, during the week, Oct. 25-31, Men's Bible Classes are also invited under the auspices of the World Toto give time to discuss that theme. morrow. These meetings were spon- sored by a committee of 275 distin- Every religious speaker on the air guished peace leader,s. Five major that day is being requested to call topics were discussed at the meetings: men to renewed interest in the study disarmament, world organization, reof missions at home and abroad. moving causes of hostility, war resist- ance and education for peace. The An interdenominational men's meet- largest auditoriums available were ing is to be held in the Fifth Avenue reserved in the various cities and not Presbyterian church in the afternoon less than 200 outstanding peace advoat 4 o'clock, and simultaneous men's cates will speak at the meetings. meetings in other cities from coast to coast. Broadcasting Religion Warning to Girls ASTRIKING demonstration that the message of Christ may be heard T HE Welfare Council of New York, over a whole continent at once, through an organization which coordinates the radio which uses the waves of invarious social agencies, has issued a visible ether, was the inauguration of warning to young women out of work "The Church of the Air" on Sunday, to avoid New York City. The alluring September 27th, by the Columbia pictures of life in the great metropol- Broadcasting System. At 10 A. M., itan centers, drawn by fiction writers 2: 30 and 5: 00 P. M., an Episcopalian, and moving picture producers are a Roman Catholic and a Jewish rabbi false. The Welfare Council estimates spoke to the whole country, from Denthat there are 100,000 girls and un- ver, Boston and New York. married young women among the army of unemployed in New York City Disciples Cut Expenses today and calls attention to the fact that while the cost of living has gone DEFICIENCY in gifts and increased down in New York so have wages for deficit for the missionary year, girls. Long continued unemployment has led the United Christian Missionand greatly reduced wages have forced ary Society, (Disciples of Christ) to thousands of girls to lower standards vote an adjustment of $175,000 in the of living. Many girls try to save on budget. This will involve the reducrent by seeking rooms in poorer neigh- tion of salaries of officers of the soborhoods, often with' distressing re- ciety and workers in the homeland, sults and increased temptations and reduction of the headquarters staff dangers. Today it is harder than ever and economy in promotion; also large for the out~of-town girls to find work cuts in religious and missionary eduin large cities. cation, in home missions and benevo- lence; in the field of foreign missions, C!lnadian Churchmen Hold Mission- the reduction will involve the with- drawal of missionaries from Tibet and ary Congress Jamaica and most of the workers in AGREAT gathering of mini,sters and laymen of the conferences of Ontario and Quebec was held Oct. 1 and 2. It was a missionary congress, at

the Philippines–placing the burden in house, and he is the first tD be dis- the Philippines largely on the Filipino charged in time of unemployment.

Jeaders. Between 1885 and 1925 over 4,200 per- sons were lynched, or an average of Town Churches and Country Needs two per week for forty years. After T HE country church seems to many greatly reducing the number, there to be growing less important in has been a recrudescence of lynchings American religious life. Farmers and during the past year. the people of the small viIIages can now go to the larger towns and at- While the Mohammedan world is actend services in larger churches. But tually practicing racial brotherhood, and the communist world equal com- churches and ministers have some- radeship regardless of race, the United thing more to do than furnish sermons States is unwilling to give the Negro and services of worship, and very few federal protection by law against town churches project their ministry lynching, and the majority of white into the surrounding rural communi- Americans, despite years Df preaching ties. Specific data supporting these and student discussion groups, appar- general statements have been coming ently are not prepared to practice ra- to light in a survey of twa counties in cial brotherhood. There can be no Nebraska by Dr. J. R. Hargreaves. question but that we should have a He found that when a rural area has wDrld of brotherhoDd in race relations no center for its relighms life, its if the ideals of Jesus were realized.

population generally lacks the other Although we seem far from its realiza- integrating agencies that bind the tion, Christian love wiII surely make residents of a district together. So- some beginnings today in the practice cial, cultural and economic organiza- of equal brotherhood that wiII be both tion tends to evaporate with religious costly and sacrificiaL-Sherwood Ed- organization. The country and village dy.

people tend to become detached and ir- GENERAL responsible suburbanites without true fellowship in Christian activities. The World Alliance Conference Race aJ,ld Brotherhood T HE triennial meeting of the World Alliance for International Friend- H AVE we achieved even an ap- ship Through the Churches was held proach to or a working approxi- at Cambridge University, England, matiDn of real brotherhoDd in our re- Sept. 1-5. Nearly four hundred dele- lation to the non-white majority of the gates were present representing all human race? The favored white race the Protestant churches of thirty- has acquired political control of near- three nations of the world. One Ro- ly nine-tenths of the habitable globe, man Catholic priest was present as an including over half of Asia and all but "observer."

one-thirtieth of Africa. In America The delegates came from almDst our attitude to the Negro has become every country in Europe, from the notDrious throughout the world. In United States, from China and Japan all parts of the country there is dis- and from the British Dominions to crimination and, in some sections, seg- discuss such questions as disarmament, gregation in separate residential dis- national security, the rights of minori- tricts, separate schoDls, churches and ties, national and international loyal- railway coaches; with inadequate ap- ties, and the whole question of the propriations for education, and with- Christian attitude tDward world peace, out the right to vote, although that is the respDnsibility of the churches for guaranteed by the Constitution. The world peace and the Geneva confer- Negro is frequently paid less than the ence next February. These questions white man for doing the same work, occupied the minds of some of the charged more for renting the same most honored church leaders.

001S WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns win be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-TBE REVIEW.

The Northern Republics of South America linMgur.isKt eonfnmetuhcGh raubbibli,ttyh, ehaausthtorar~eilsead -Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela. ,,:ideiy through South America, espe- By Kenneth G. Grubb. 8vo. 151 pages. Cially among the Indians in the interi- 58. World Dominion Press. London or, and has rendered a timely service New York. 1931. in the production of this book.

The World Dominion Survey Series W. R. W. "attempts to describe briefly and clearly the situation in various countries from the standpoint of world evangel- Torchlights to the Cherokees: The Brainization." The countries surveyed in erd Mission. By Robert Sparks Walkthis volume are the three northern- er. 339 pp. $3.00. Macmillan. New most republics of South America. York. 1931. Though they are the nearest to us they are least often visited by travel- The author of the book was himself ers from the United States and are born twv miles from the old Brainerd less familiar than other republics far- Mission near Chickamauga, Tennessee. ther south. To meet the need for in- Under a rather fanciful title he has formation, the history of each republic given us a splendid record of the misis given in outline, as well as a sum- sion to the Cherokee Indians founded mary of geographical characteristics in 1816 and broken up when these and of prevailing conditions, economic, tribes were forced to migrate westeducativnal and religious. Heroic ward. During twenty years of its exservice is being rendered by evangeli- istence this mission, begun by the cal missionaries but they are too few, Moravians and continued by the Board and the unoccupied areas constitute a of Foreign Missions of New England, real challenge to the American church. had great success in the industrial Thus in Colombia, which has nearly social and moral uplift of the people: eight million inhabitants and is out- The author tells the amazing story of ranked in population only by Brazil how laws were passed, forbidding and Argentina, after 75 years of mis- whites to live on Cherokee lands withsionary service there are but 59 for- out license and how the mission leadeign missionaries, and 1,167 commu- ers under this law were arrested, and nicants; Venezuela, with a population served two years imprisonment. It is of 3,000,000, has 102 evangelical mis- a page from what Helen Hunt Jackson sionaries, with 2,310 communicant has truly called "A century of dishonmembers; Ecuador, with a population or." The account is well documented of nearly 2,000,000, has 41 foreign and the details of the life among the Indians are fascinating.

missionaries and only 290 communi- .T~e brl;ltal treatment received by the cant members. The Survey editor mlSSlonarles at the hands of the state ofwrites in the Foreword: ficials who pretended to be Christians is one of the blackest stains on the charac- A total of somewhat less than four ter of the white race in North America. th~usand communicants among a popu- The thread of the plot to drive the mislatIOn of twelve and a half million points sionaries from the State of Georgia exto the need for far wider evangelism in tended from the officials of that state into these lands in order to create an indig- the office of the Chief Executive of the enous church capable of itself carrying United States at Washington. on the work of further evangelization. S. M. Z.

877

The quakers as Pioneers in Social Work. Christ of the Burma Road. By V. W. By Dr. Auguste Jorns. Translated by Dyer. 12mo. 157 pp. American Bap- Thomas Kite Brown, Jr. 269 pp. $2. tist Mission Press. Rangoon. 1931.

Macmillan. New York. One of the most fascinating and en- couraging stories of modern missions Quakers are one of the smallest of is the story of how Burmese Chrisreligious bodies, but they have an in- tian students have gone out in groups ftuenceout of all proportion to their week by week to evangelize and awaknumbers. They average high in intel- en their own countrymen, and have ligence, character and humanitarian crossed over into Siam and Burma on spirit. This volume presents in read- the same mission. The methods have able form an outline of the Quaker been remarkable-as we have alreadY Movement and the contribution that recorded in these pages. Mr. Dye;, Quakers have made to poor relief, one Qf the missionary leaders of these education, temperance, public health, groups, tells the story in this small prison reform and the abolition of slavery. It is an impressive array of facts and it gives the reader a deeper volume. He explains the aim, the appreciation of the philanthropic serv- methods and the outcome. Missionaries ice that has been rendered by this in other lands and Christians in Amer- group of Christians who, as we are ica and England will find here many told, "seem in these latter days to be valuable suggestions for similar work.

called for the strengthening of the world's sense of social responsibility." To the Ends of the World and Back. By J. Walker McSpadden. Illustrated. A. J. B.

Will America Become Catholic. By John 8vo. 378 pp. $3.00. Crowell. New F. Moore. 8VQ. 252 pp. Harper and York. 1931. Bros. 1931. The "Ends of the Earth Club" is Naturally the aim of the Papacy is growing in numbers. Some qualify as to make America "Catholic." The explorers or scientists, as government church and its leaders would not be employees or missionarie&, but more true to their convictions otherwise. travelers today go to the ends of the Mr. Moore, who was for some years a earth on pleasure bound. Mr. McSpad- Y. M. C. A. secretary and who has den describes adventures met in scoutgiven much time to research on the ing for the American Museum of subject of Roman Catholicism in Natural History in New York. The America, here describes the plans, experiences are not the author's per- methods and outreach of the church sonal adventures but, while without in America. The program is as clear literary merit, are varied and many and definite and energetic as the Com- are thrilling. They are interviews munist propaganda-and much better with scientists who have gone out organized. This interesting and fact- hunting for the Dinosaur in Wyoming, ual study includes such topics as Cele- have followed the trail of primitive brate Clergy, Birth Control, Mixed man in Central Asia, have fished for Marriages, the Color Bar and the In- sharks in the Gulf of Mexico. They fluence of the Church. The author has include adventures with head hunters endeavored to be fair, unprejudicial in South America, hobnobbing with and true to facts. He is convinced that pygmies on the Congo; hunting with there is little danger of America be- gun and camera in Madagascar and coming Roman Catholic-the temper tracking strange beasts in Australia. of the people is too liberal, too enlight- The author is appa~ently interested ened, too independent to permit the only in animals and in the physical life great mass of Americans to become of man-not in his social, intellectual subjects to the Pope. and spiritual welfare.

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God's World. Cornelius H. Patton. 297 Leadership of the Constructive Forces of pp. $2. Smith. New York. the World. J. R. Mott. 30 pp. 28. Ox- ford Press. London. The Little Bible-Selections for School and Home with an Appendix for Report of the Commission on Christian Teachers and Parents. Foreword by Higher Education in India. 388 pp. $2. William Lyon Phelps. 468 pp. Oxford Oxford University Press. New York. University Press. London. 1931. Christian Education in the Villages of In- Miraculous Healing. Henry W. Frost. dia. A. V. Van Doren. 115 pp. R8. 2. 174 pp. $1.50. Smith. New York. Association Press. Calcutta.

Nestorian Missionary Enterprise. John Fifty Years Against the Stream. The story Stewart. 352 pp. Rs. 4. Christian of a School in Kashmir, 1880-1930. E. Literature Society. Madras. 1928. D. Tyndale-Biscoe. 96 pp. 58. Church Missionary Society. London. The Negro Year Book. Edited by Monroe N. Work. 544 pp. $2. Tuskegee In- The Remaking of Man in Africa. J. H. stitute. Tuskegee, Ala. Oldham and B. D. Gibson. 184 pp. 28. 6d. Oxford University Press. London. The Pacific. Stanley Rogers. Illus. by the Author. 254 pp. $2.75. Crowell. The Dawn Wind. A Picture of Changing New York. Conditions among Women in Africa and the East. Olive Wyon. 155 pp. Petty and Paul. Edward Hessey. 94 pp. 28. 6d. Student Christian Movement. Is. Pickering & Inglis. London. London.

Charles Lewis Slattery. Howard Chandler Buddhism in India, Ceylon, China and Robbins. 400 pp. $2.50. Harper. New Japan. A Reading Guide. Clarence York. H. Hamilton. 107 pp. University Press. Chicago. Torchlights to the Cherokee&–The Brain- erd Mission. R{)bert Sparks Walker. An Introduction to the Sociology of Islam.

340 pp. $3. Macmillan. New York. Vol. 1. Reuben Levy. 21s. Williams & Twixt Altar and Plough. L. A. Barter- Norgate. London.

Snow. 320 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Jewish View of Jesus. An Introduction Inglis. London. and an Appreciation. Thomas Walker.

For Times of Crisis. Ilion T. Jones. 110 142 pp. 48. 6d. Allen & Unwin. Lon- pp. $1.25. Presbyterian Board of don.

Christian Education. Phila. The Finality of Christ. S. B. John. 291 Repol·t of the Commission on Enquiry Into pp. 58. Kingsgate Press. London.

the Control of Opium-Smoking in the youth in a Believing World. Studies in Far East. Vol. II. 500 pp. $1.50. Living Religions. John C. Archer. 176 World Peace Foundation. Boston. pp. $1. Westminster Press. Phila- delphia. India. Statement Exhibiting the Moral and Material Progress and Condition of India, 1929-1930. 58. H. M. Sta- PERSONALS tionery Office. London. (Continued from Second Cover.) The SOClai Settlement as an Educational Factor in India. Clifford Manshardt. DR. JOHN MACNEILL, President of the Illus. 87 pp. Re. 1 and Re. 1.8. Ass{)- WorId Alliance, is making an extended ciation Press. Calcutta. tour in the interests of the Alliance. The Baptists in Burma. Randolph L. Howard. tour includes Japan, China, India and the 168 pp. $1. Judson Press. Philadelphia. Holy Land.

Mustapha Kemal of Turkey. H. E. Wor- *** tham. Portrait. Map. Bibliog. 216 pp. TIlE REV. GEORGE L. FORD, Executive 58. Holme Press. London. Secretary of Federated Churches in Tribal Studies in Northern Nigeria. Vol. Youngstown, 0., has been elected Presi- dent of the Association of Executive Sec- I. C. K. Meek. 582 pp. 258. Kegan retaries of Councils of Churches, State Paul. London. and Local: He also becomes a represent- Zanzibar. Its History and Its People. W. ative of the Association on the Admin- H. Ingrams. Illus. 527 pp. 258 With- istrative Committee of the Federal Counerby. London. cil.

DR. W. W. PETER, pioneer promotor of in British and Spanish Honduras, the lathealth campaigns in China under the Y. ter being especially arduous as it meant M. C. A., has returned to China, at the constant journeys to the bay islands of invitation of the public health section of the Caribbeans. He was a victim of the the Ministry of the Interior, to advise in recent hurricane in British Honduras. the setting up of permanent machinery for the carrying on of health campaigns. * .. ..

*** MISS JOSEPHINE MARTIN, a missionary of the United Presbyterian Church at PROF. C. H. ROBERTSON, also a former Pathankot, Punjab, India, died Septem- "Y" secretary, has recently been re- ber 10th, while on furlough in America. quested by Dr. H. H. Kung, Minister of Industry, to join his staff. .. . .. Miss Martin was superintendent of a '" * • girls' high school at Pathankot for many years. DR. CARVER has been invited by Soviet Russia to organize a group of Negro MR. PAUL A. SORNBERGER, a missionary specialists, who have the theoretical and of the American Baptist Board, died repractical training in the production of cently. With Mrs. Sornberger, he was cotton, to visit Russia and demonstrate appointed to the Philippines in 1929, and the best method of agricultural produc- designated to the Central Philippine Coltion and exploitation. Though Dr. Car- lege at Iloilo, P. I., where he was teachver is a Negro, his fame as an agricul- ing Christianity by precept and example. turist is well known among the leaders of the Soviet states. By industry and ex- * .. .. ample he is teaching the young Negro to work, study, save and serve, and if for- THE REV. WM. B. BEAUCHAMP, D.D., tune comes, to take it with sobriety and Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal humility. The outcome of the Soviet's Church, South, died at Richmond, Virinvitation will be watched with interest. ginia, on June 28, 1931, at the age of sixty-two. He was president of the OBITUARY Board of Missions of his church and was a delegate to the World Missionary Con- BISHOP ISAIAH B. SCOTT, retired mis- ference in Edinburgh in 1910, and to sionary of the Methodist Episcopal the Jerusalem Conference in 1928. Church, died on July 6th in Nashville, Tenn. He was a leader among the col- *** ored members of the church and as pastor, professor, college president, editor of THE REV. WILLIAM MITCHELL PADEN, the Southwestern Chr1Btian Advocate and D.D., died in Salt Lake City, Utah, Qn bishop gave years of effective service. September 16th, after a brief illness. For He was elected to the episcopacy in 1904 thirty-four years Dr. Paden was identiand was assigned to Africa where he fied with work in the Mormon area and labored until his retirement in 1916. in recent years was considered the great- est Protestant authority on Mormonism. *** .. * * MR. GEORGE BRAITHWAITE, of Tokyo, Secretary of the Japan Book and Tract CHARLES GEORGE SPARHAM, a great Society, died on June 18th. He helped to missionary in China for forty-four years, produce the first copy of the Old Testa- who retired from his work there died in ment in Japanese in 1888, and subse- London in September. He was the sonquently helped in the production of the in-law of Dr. Griffith John of Hankow. Japanese New Testament in Roman He was called to leadership in the L. M. characters. His son, G. B. Braithwaite, S. and in his later years was secretary is acting secretary for the present. of the committee coordinating the whole of the L. M. S. operations in China. •** ** MRS. H. W. HARVEY, one of the victims of the hurricane in British Honduras, DR. JUDSON B. HILL, rounding out to went out to Central America with her a day 50 years of distinguished service husband for the Wesleyan Methodist Mis- as president of the Normal and Indussionary Society immediately after their trial college at Morristown, Tenn., died marriage in 1907. September 15th at Battle Creek, Mich. In 1881 Dr. Hill, as a young Methodist *** minister, became head of a pioneer mis- sion school for Negroes at Morristown, THE REV. A. E. SYLVESTER FOWLER, and found himself misunderstood and osworked during the past eleven years both tracized, as he began his work in a dilapi- dated building formerly used as a slave market. Those who fought him, however, ultimately lauded him.

The Missionary Review of the World — October 1931

by H. n. Ferge,'

PEkSONALS DR. F. J. SCRIMGEOUR, for a long period before the Great War in charge of the Edinburgh Mission Hospital in Nazareth, has resumed medical work and is giving voluntary service in Morocco, at the Tul- loch Memorial Hospital in Tangier.

REV. W. T. MIT'"CHE*LL*, of the American Yon Presbyterian Mission, North India, has want to give….. but you retired after a service of 35 years, re- must have an cently as director of the Mainpuri High In.:ome; School. That post is now being filled by you can give and your inan Indian Christian. come will be continued for *•* Life KRU SENG SAA CHAIRA'l'T and his wife al'e the first misaionaries to be sent out For full informatioll write Erne.t F. Hall~ Secretary by the Siamese churches. They are carrying on work at Karat, in East Siam. Dept. C 01 Ann"iti•• *** BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS DR. YOSHIMUNE ABE, Dean of the Boys' of tbe Pre.byleriu Church, U. S. A.

School, Aoyama Gakuin, Japan, has been 156 Fifth Avenue. New York elected Dean of the Theological Seminary Those in the same institution, succeeding Dr. Reinves'men's .. .. . Arthur D. Berry. How They Trouble Me DR. GEORGE B. CUTTEN, President of I am not sure of the stocks and bonds Colgate University, was elected President that are offered.

of the National Council of the Y. M. C. Mortgages may have to be foreclosed. A. for the ensuing' year. Banks are uncertain these days.

** * What Shall I 00'1 DR. THOMAS JESSE JONES, Director of Invest in Annuity Agreements of the the Phelps-Stoke Fund, and leader of Methodist Mission Boards.

two former Commissions for the study of They are absolutely secure. Your income will be regular. educational facilities and methods in Reinvestment troubles will cease. Africa, has again spent a few months in For further information W1ite to: that country as a Carnegie visiting lecturer. W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of Home * '" * Missions and Church Extension of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street, DR. J. H. RUSHBROOKE, General Secre- Philadelphia, Pa., or MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board of tary of the Baptist World Alliance, has Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal accepted invitations to visit Australia Church, Room 500,150 Fifth Ave., New York.

and New Zealand next year. Arrangements are being made for him to preach and speak in the chief centers Df popuJ.a- tion in Australia. He will tour New Zealand and attend the Jubilee Assembly of the New Zealand Baptist Union it Christchurch.

** * MR. ERNEST F. NEVE, M.D., C.M., F.R.G.S., a missionary of the Church Missionary Society at Srinagar, Kashmir, has been elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons. Dr. Neve went to Kashmir in 1886, and has built up a wonderful work there, the hospital undpr his charge having 150 beds, with an average of 2,160 in-patients, and 48,000 visits of out-patients per annum. In addition to this thElre is a large leper hospital supervised by Dr. Neve, but fi- nanced by the Kashmir State.

MRS. RWHARD'" '" * the youngest HUMBLE, daughter of the late Dr. James Stewart, of Lovedale recently made a successful flight from Cape Town to England. She and her husband started off from Cape Town in a De Havilland Puss Moth and , (Concluded on page 723.) PIQRSe mention THE :r..hSSIONARY REVIEW OF THE VoRr..D in writing to advertisers. MISSIONARY COMING EVENTS REVIEW OF THE WORLD October 6-11-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- TION 6F DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wich- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor ita, Kan.

CONTENTS-October, 1931 October 14-15-MEETING OF FRIENDS OF THE LE:PERS. American Mission to Lepers. Fifth Ave. Presbyterian Church, New York.

SPECIAL FOREIGN MISSION NUMBER November 10-12-ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WORLD ALLIANCE FOR INTERNA· Puor. TIONAL FRIENDSHIP THROUGH THE 11'RONTISPIECE-Scelll's in Rural India CHURCHES, TOGETHER WITH THE INTERNATIONAL GOODWILL CONGRESS, POVER'l'Y AND 'leUE GOSPEL ……. . Chicago .

••..•••• • ARTHUR CLINTON BOGGESS 725 November 15 – AN INTli:RDENOMINA- TIONAL MEETING OF MEN TO COM- HELPIKG KOREANS OUT 01" POVEWl'Y MEMORATE THE TWENTY-FIFTH AN- ……………. FRANCIS O. CLARK 736 NIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDING OF THE LAYMEN'S MISSIONARY MOVEMENT. TOURING 'leIIE VILLAGES OF NYASA- Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church, LAND ….•. ;IR8. T. CULLEN YOUNG 740 New York.

A FARMER MISSIONARY ON FUR· November 29-December 1-UNITED STEW- LOUGH •…….. BRAYTON C. CASE 747 ARDSHIP COUNCIL, Philadelphia, Pa.

WHY HASHIMOTO·S.4N SIGNED THE December 2-4-FEDERAL COUNCIL OF PAPER …….•…… E. M. CLARK 751 CHURCHES, ANNUAL MEETING OF' EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, Philadelphia, ARE MISSION BOARDS-NONCONDUC- Pa, TORS? ……… PAUl. W. HARRISON 756 December 30-January 3, 1932-STUDENT 'l'OPICS O~' 'i'HE 'i'IMES …………. 762 VOLUNTEER CONVENTION, Buffalo, New York. '!'HE L.-'YMEN'S If'oREION MISSIONARY INQUIRY THE STORY OF AGRICULTURAL CHINA'S CA'.rASTROPHE }{EMEMBER THE ~I1SSIONAR[ES BONDAGE AND FREEDOM HAS PROHIBITION )jlAILED?

METHODS FOR WORKERS ..•.•• EDITED By MRS. F. I. JOHNSON 768 WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MIS- SION BULLETIN ………..•••.. 77:; WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ••……•… 780 MISSIONS BOOKS WORTH READING …..•….• 797 TERMS.-$2.50 .. year. ($2.00 in clubs or By Benjamin H. Huuuicutt of the ~chool of Agriculture, Lavras, Brazil five.) Foreign postage, M cents. Single copies, and William Watkins Reid 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1931, bT M,SS,ONARY REVIIlW PUBLISHING COM- of the Staff of the Methodist Episcopal Board PANY, INC. All rights reserved. of Foreign Missions 1'HE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING H ERE is the first full story of one of the most COMPANY, INC. interesting developments in Christian mis- sions. Mr. Hunnicutt is one of the really great ROBERT E. SPJDIIH, Pre81dent agricultural missionaries, an ex-newspaper man, WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-Pre.ident publicist and author of many important maga- zine articles, pamphlets and b,?oks. As founder, DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary he has been active from the beginning in the WALTER McDOUGALL, Trea8urer work of the International A5Sociation of Agri- cultural Missions. In this volume these two Publication Omce, 3d & ReilT Sts., Harrisburg, men have united their knowledge and skiII to Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. produce a book of interest and importance.

Editorial and Business Omce, 156 Fifth Avenue, $1.00 New York City MISSIONARY EDUCATION Entered as second-class matter at the Post MOVEMENT O:ftlee, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. 150 Fifth Avenue New York Please mention THm MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE VoaLn In writing to advertisers. PERSONALS NEW BOOKS (Concluded from page 721.) The Preaching Value of Missions. Helen Barrett Montgomery. 166 pp. $1. flew via Johannesburg, Bulawayo, Chin- Judson Press. Philadelphia. sali, Nairobi and down the Nile to Egypt. From there they made a short flight to The Frontier Peoples of India-A Mis- Jerusalem and back, then continued over sionary Survey. Alexander McLeish. Tripoli, across the Mediterranean to 202 pp. 5s. World Dominion Press. Italy, Rome, Paris, London, and Ren~ London. frew. Their actual flying time was 107 hours. It took Dr. Stewart a much long- The Makin'g of Modern Missions. Stacy er time, entailing much more arduous R. Warburton. 200 pn. $1.50. Revell. travelling to cover much less mileage in New York. Airica, when he explored Lake Nyasa, and later pioneered the mission to the To the Ends of the Earth and Back. J. Kibwezi in Kenya, transferred after the Walker McSpadden. 862 pp. $3. Crowrailway was constructed to Kikuyu. ell. New York.

*** We Are Alaskans. Mary Lee Davis. 335 pp. $3.50. Wilde. Boston.

OBITUARY NOTES Within the Four Seas. Paul Richard Ab- bott. $3.50. Stechert. New York. MISS HELEN TETLOW, died August 21st at Kuling, China, where she was on vaca- The Pacific. Stanley Rogers. Illus. by tion from her missionary work for the the author. 254 pp. $2.75. Crowell. Episcopal Church at Karazawa, Japan. New York.

" " DR. CAROLINE A. MAC"DONALD, of Can- The Dawn of Literature. Carl Holliday. 366 pp. $8.50. Crowell. New York. ada, and Japan, died·at London, Ontario, July 18th. Dr. MacDonald went to Japan Christians and lews–Report of the Confor the Y. W; C. A. in 1904, but since ference on the Christian Approach to 1913 had devoted her time almost wholly the Jew. Atlantic City, 1931. 155 pp. to prison and settlement work. She was International Missionary Council. New an elder in the Japanese Presbyterian York.

.. .. . Church of Tokyo. Japan Mission Year Book-1931. Edited by Luman J. Shafer. 450 pp. Yen 2.50. MIss CATHERINE BENNETT, who served Kyo Bun Kwan. Tokyo. in the Protestant Episcopal mission hospital in China and the Philippine Islands Bible Characters in the Koran. John the past eight years, died in St. John's Walker. 136 pp. 68, 6d. Alexander Hospital, Brooklyn, on July 14th. Gardner. Paisley, England.

*** WUl America Become Catholic. John T. Moore. 252 pp. $2. Harpers. New MR. CHARLES T. STUDD, founder of the York. Heart of Airica Mission, died at Ibamhi. Belgian Congo, July 16th, at the age of The Shepherd's Darling. Brenda. 224 pp. seventy-one. Mr. Studd was one of 28. Pickering & Inglis. London. three brothers who devoted their lives and money to relig:ious work. Only Us Three. E. A. Bland. 190 pp. 28. Pickering & Inglis. London. * * .. The Lord's Day or the Sabbath-A Reply REV. C. G. SPARHAM, a missionary of to the Seventh Day Adventists. Northe L. M. S. in China for forty-five years, man C. Deck. 156 pp. 3s. Pickering died July.30th, in London. Since his re- & Inglis. London. tirement in 1929 he had organized a Forward Movement of the Religious The Steep Ascent—–Report of the China Tract Society of England. Inland Mission, 1931. 48 pp. London.

*** Annual Report-Women's Missionary So- oiety of the United Presbyterian Church. LARS OLAF JONATHAN SODElRBLOM, Lu- 912 pp. Women's Missionary Magatheran Archbishop of Sweden, died on zine. Xenia, Ohio. July 12th. He was regarded a central figure in ecumenical Protestantism, due Annual Report-American Bible Society. not only to his scholarship but to his 1931. 384 pp. New York. leadership in two great movements–that of making the churches a mightier force Annual Report-Board of Foreign Misfor world peace; and that of binding all sions, Reformed Church in Am., 1931. churches into effective unity. To him 12B pp. New York. was largely due the success of the Universal Christian Conference on Life and Annual Report-American Tract Society, W{)rk, held at Stockholm in 1925. His 1931. 44 pp. New York. contribution to world peace was signified by his being awarded the Nobel Peace Annual Report-The Missionary Conven- Prize in 1930, in reality a tribute to the tion of the Cumberland Presbyterian Christian Church. Church, 1931. 175 pp. Evansville, Ind.

Plense mention Tom MISSIONARY RUVIEW OF TOB WORLD In wrltlnJ: to advertisers. SCENES IN AN INDIAN VILLAGE COURTYAItD AN INDIAN CHILD BRIDE -TO-BE ON HER WAY TO HER NEW HOME SCENES IN RURAL INDIA

LIV, No. 10 October

THE MISSIONARY {ohf e POVERTY AND THE GOSPEL BY ARTHUR CLINTON BOGGESS, PH.D., Berea, Ohio Department 01 .ilIi8/Sions.. Baldwin-1Vallacc Conege nA LMOST every Christian land of reasoning is applicable to other has a higher standard of liv- countries. ing than places outside of Child marriage hinders the eco- Christendom. Extreme poverty is nomic development of India. The the exception in Christian coun- first of the hundreds of babies that tries: it is the rule in non-Chris- I saw in India was a very tiny bit tian lands. The term is frequently of humanity, lying in the lap of used in Christian lands to denote Mrs. Lee in the Lee Memorial Or- an absence of luxury. Much of the phanage in Calcutta. This orphanpoverty in non~Christian lands is age receives not only orphans but so extreme, often so abysmal, that also friendless children whose par- the word acquires a new meaning. ents are living.

It is doubtful whether the average "Do you expect this child to economic condition in the most fav- live?" I asked Mrs. Lee.

ored non-Christian land is as high "It is doubtful," she replied. "Its as that in the least-favored Chris- mother is only twelve years old and tian land. you can't expect much in such The above statements give rise cases."

to questions that do not answer That was my first day in India.

themselves. What is the connec- While twelve-year-old mothers are tion between Christianity and not in the majority in India they economic life? After studying Eco- are pathetically common. The nomics for more than a quarter of presence of this custom does not a century, teaching the subject for obtrude itself upon the casual trav- over twenty years; after more eler or even on the permanent resi- than five years of residence in dent, especially upon foreign men.

India; after visiting more than The chief reason for the misin- once Canada, Mexico, Japan, China, formation in regard to the youth of and the Straits Settlements; after wives and mothers is probably the visiting forty-two of the states of purdah system – the seclusion of the United States and eleven Euro- women. High class Hindu and pean countries, I venture to give a Mohammedan women never see any partial answer to these questions. men who are not their near rela- Illustrations will be drawn from tives. They never see their pro- conditions in India, but the method spective husbands until the wed- 725

ding ceremony. The Indian women at twelve years and later raised seen by a Christian male traveler to fourteen years, but it is practi- or resident in India are Christians, caIIy impossible to know what goes outcastes, or women members of on behind the walls of the women's various reform sects. The real au- quarters in an Indian household.

thorities on the subject are women A woman policeman cannot be missionaries and physicians, espe- furnished for each household. The cially those who have been con- United States cannot claim that verted from either Hinduism or there is no theft, murder, drinking Mohammedanism after reaching of intoxicants, fraud, or profanity maturity. because all of these are illegal.

The worst effects of child mar- Candidates for collegiate degrees riage cannot be described here. in India are given their final exam- Such a description is prevented by inations by the Government and the accepted canons of good taste are placed in the first, second, or and by the laws against printing third division, respectively, accord- obscene matter. The most terrible ing to the quality of their work.

bit of printed matter I have ever At a meeting of the Hindu Mar- seen is a copy of a petition sent to riage Reform League held in Luck- the Viceroy .of India by fifty-five now, I heard the Mohammedan women physicians practicing in Headmaster of one of the High India asking that the cohabitation Schools of that city say: "I have of husband and wife be forbidden made it my business to investigate until the wife is fourteen years of the matter during the last seven age. The memorial consisted years and during that time not one 'largely of a statement of the actual married man has passed in the first facts of cases treated by these division." No comment is neces- physicians in which the wives who sary.

were patients were from seven to It would be easy to dismiss the twelve years of age. In the most question of the evils of child mar- fortunate cases death was almost riage by saying that maturity immediate. The less fortunate comes earlier in the tropics than in cases suffered much worse than high latitudes. This is neither death. It is difficult for one who Christian nor accurate. Parents reads this memorial and who knows of twelve are not mature either that similar cases are treated to- physically or mentally. Full growth day to write with becoming reserve is not attained much earlier in the when arm-chair writers and speak- tropics than elsewhere. Nor is any ers assert ignorantly that child known system of education able to marriage is no longer practiced. produce by the twelfth or thir- Missionaries have no need to de- teenth year such knowledge as will part from the truth in order to qualify one to train. children. An produce horrible pictures. Actual Indian mother says that she well conditions are far too hideous to remembers her mother calling her need any lurid enlargement. from play to allow her (the playing As the result of the memorial child's) baby to nurse.

presented by the women physicians Extreme youth of parents results to the Viceroy (or at least subse- in economic inefficiency in both quent to its presentation) the age parents and offspring. Such par- of lawful cohabitation was fixed ents are almost inevitably poorly

POVERTY AND THE GOSPEL

educated and weakened in phy- which is noted for the beauty and sique. The offspring are less virile number of its trees and parks. than those of mai.ure parents. Any The lady of the house was sitting stockraiser knows better than to on a bed and when the husband, who spoke English and acted as interpreter, was asked what his wife did all day he replied: "She sits here." She could not work, be- cause it would be considred unbe- coming to one of her rank. She could not go calling because she was in strict seclusion. Servants cooked, swept, made the beds, helped their mistress dress, even brought her a drink of water or A CHILD WIFE IN INDIA breed his stock at the earliest possible moment. Mankind will degenerate physically and mentally from too early mating.

The Purdah System A MOSLEM SCHOOLGIRL IN A uBURKA"

The seclusion of women has a her jewels. The woman was illitervery injurious effect upon economic ate and her life was devoid of inlife. My wife went with one of my tellectuality. The husband had Mohammedan students to call on brought his wife from their counhis wife. The family was wealthy and the woman was beautifully and expensively dressed but the courtyard of the women's quarters was devoid of grass and had only a few small trees. This was in Lucknow

try home to their city house in a tuberculosis thrives. Women whose closely curtained automobile. purdah is not of the strictest type "Didn't you let her pull back the leave their homes from time to time curtains and look at the country shrouded in a sheath of cloth that when you were not in sight of any resembles a great meal sack with one?" the bottom resting on their heads, "Oh! no. Never." the opening near the ground, and "Does she ever go calling?" only two small openings for the "No. If she ever left her wom- eyes. When such a woman coughs en's quarters except when abso- she coughs inside the garment, and lutely secure against either seeing the filth of not a few of them shows or being seen by a man, her own that they are rarely washed.

parents would kill her because of The picture is bad enough, yet it the disgrace to the family." is far from complete. To the lack Imagine such a wife for a college of exercise and frequent lack of student studying law! It is no fresh air and sunlight must be wonder that it is a breach of eti- added also the undernourishment quette to speak to a Hindu or a Mo- caused by abject poverty, the reck- hammedan about his wife. Most less childbearing usually begun at of the college graduates who pro- an unhygienically early age, the fess those faiths have wives who abundant time to muse over one's are absolutely illiterate and an il- ills; the utter lack of knowledge of literate woman who lives in strict the laws of health; and in the ma- seclusion is not to be compared in jority of cases the impossibility of intellectual development to an illit- being cared for by a competent erate person who does not live in physician. Even a competent phy- seclusion. I remember with what sician is sometimes hampered in surprise I learned that an Illinois his work by the ignorance or bru- man of my acquaintance could not tality of relatives of the patient.

read. He was nevertheless well- Neither the word brutality nor the informed and a good thinker. word bestiality expresses what I Women in seclusion, who are illit- mean. They positively slander the erate, are neither well-informed brutes and beasts, as will be evi- nor good thinkers. dent from the following incident The purdah system has also bad related to me by an eminent Eng- effects on the health of the women. lish physician. An Indian woman I was once riding with the capable was brought to the hospital suffer- English physician who had charge ing from tuberculosis in an ad- of one of the chief hospitals of vanced stage. The physician rec- Lucknow, when our conversation ommended that she be placed in turned to questions of civic health. the general ward and not in a He told me that he believed that family ward. The former meant one-third of the population of that that she and her husband could great city would die from tuber- never be together without the pres- culosis. The seclusion of women is ence of others in the room. The not the only reason for this awful latter meant that they could be in condition, but it is a chief reason. a room alone. Although the phy- Some of the women literally spend sician gave conclusive reasons why their lives in quarters so small, so this course should be followed, the dark, and so poorly ventilated that husband absolutely refused to ac-

POVERTY AND THE GOSPEL

cept any arrangement except that purdah. There would be no womof the family ward. en at any public gatherings; no women teachers, except those in It is impossible for one who has purdah schools; no women in businot lived with the purdah system ness; no women visible when one to understand its far-reaching con- man visited another in his home, sequences. The Lieutenant-Gov- no matter how long the visit might ernor of the United Provinces of be; no womell at funerals; no Agra and Oudh held a reception for women at picnics, parties, summer the great landowners. The Lieu- excursions. Women would be in tenant-Governor ranks next to the their own quarters in their own Viceroy and his wife helped him homes and would see there no men receive. One landowner's wife was except their very near relatives. present because only one landowner COOKING A MEAL IN AN OUTDOOR KITCHEN IN INDIA was a Christian. Mohammedan and A purdah woman cannot appear in Hindu women must remain in se- court, her depositions must be clusion. taken by women only, usually Christian women are granted ac- One of my well-educated Indian cess to the women's quarters for friends who visited the United this purpose. States, said to me upon his return that what most impressed him in One morning I was at the office America was "the women." He of a Christian physician in Luckhad for the first time seen women now when the covered palanquin of preside over large assemblies, run a purdah woman, borne by several business houses of various types coolies, was set down in the yard and sizes, meet men on an equality at a distance of several yards from in a myriad phases of life. It was the office door. The doctor exama marvel to him. One grows weary ined the patient as follows: Doctrying to imagine what our country tor (shouting from the office would lose if our women were in door) :

"Are you constipated?" an American man finds his wife, Patient (totally concealed in her his mother, or even his daughter, palanquin): "Yes" (or "No," as a valued counsellor in business the case may be). matters. Many American widows Doctor: "Have you diarrhea?" support their families. Many Patient: "Yes" (or "No," as the American women support by their case may be). earnings their aged parents. Such Doctor: "Have you fever?" things are impossible in lands Patient: "Yes" (or "No," as the where the seclusion of women is case may be). practiced. It is also true that the This meager diagnosis com- ill-health caused by the system is pleted, the doctor wrote out a pre- cumulative. Children of weak parscription and handed it to a serv- ents are themselves weak. ant of the patient. Two typical illustrations of the The Caste System strictness of the purdah system may be given. A Mohammedan The caste system prevents the woman had been in hard labor in helpful economic development of a childbirth for many hours. A country that is bound by it. Christian man physician, who was the only ph y sic ian available, Guests were expected at my pleaded with the husband to be al- home in Lucknow and as there was lowed to relieve the woman of her no running water on the second fearful suffering and, if possible, floor I asked the Hindu gardener to save her life. The husband re- to carry some water to that floor. fused and the wife died in agony. Indian servants are usually very At another time a devastating obedient to American and British flood visited an Indian city. The employers, but the old gardener, substantial and roomy high school though polite and respectful, debuilding was opened for refugees clined to carry the water. He told whose mud houses had collapsed me that he was of the gardener and, in many cases, had been sub- caste and that he could carry water merged. One man whose family for the plants, but not for laundry, was in momentary danger of bathing, face-washing, or other drowning asked that a room be re- personal uses. If he did so, he served in the high school building would be outcaste and none of his for his purdah women. The school caste members would have anyauthorities declined, because to thing to do with him. Having no have granted the request would caste rules to break and having at have endangered more lives than hand no servant whose caste duty would have been saved. The en- it was to carry the water for me, dangered purdah women were not I carried it myself. Such caste brought to the school building. rules are foolish, but that does not The large majority of non-Chris- change their economic effect so tian women in India keep strict long as they are observed. purdah and they are effectively precluded from almost all wage- As is well known, a man of one earning occupations. It is almost caste can neither eat with a person impossible for such women to have of a lower caste nor can he eat any knowledge of business. Many what has been cooked by one of a lower caste. It follows that no two men of different castes can eat together. All hotels must have

POVERTY AND THE GOSPEL

Brahman cooks. Very careful curs when a father and mother and caste men do all of their own cook- their married sons and their faming when away from home. The ilies live together. The difficulty students in a dormitory for Hindu comes in knowing just when and men have as many cooking places how the family should divide when as castes and no student must enter the father and mother have died. the cooking place of any caste but Some joint families are very large. his own. Such are the ravages of disease Marriage must also be within and so short is the average span of one's own caste unless the party of life in India that the head of a the higher caste is willing to de- large joint family is sometimes less scend to the lower caste. Even than thirty years of age. It is to then the relatives of the degraded be remembered, however, that an party would be likely to become Indian woman may be a grandoutcastes. This restriction on mar- mother at twenty-five years of age. riage would not be severe if there This system frequently makes an were only a few castes with many able man assume the roles assumed persons in each. Castes are very in America or England by an. numerous and in not a few cases it old-folks' home, an orphanage, a becomes difficult to find a suitable partner. It is somewhat as if a poorhouse, a home for the feeblered-haired woman must invariably minded, a hospital, and even an marry a red-haired man or a cross- insane asylum. It also seriously eyed person must marry a cross- interferes with what we would reeyed person. gard as a normal movement of labor from place to place. It is our custom to promote what economists call the mobility of Belief in Transmigration labor. An oversupply of workmen Hindu belief in the transmigra- in one occupation is relieved by tion of souls has pronounced and some of them changing to some unexpected consequences. No or- other occupation. Such a method thodox believer in transmigration of relief is not open to the caste will kill an animal because to do so man. A leather worker is always would be the equivalent of commit- a leather worker. A laundryman ting murder. No one can tell whose is always a laundryman. When soul may be incarnated in a rat, a electric fans were introduced into snake, or any other animal merely India the caste whose work it had waiting for death, from natural been to pull the big punkas or fans causes, before that animal will in the houses was out of work. again be born in human form.

Their condition was serious. Bubonic plague is endemic in In- Perhaps the most serious eco- dia. Plague does not thrive where nomic consequence of the caste sys- there are no rats. San Francisco tem is the immobility of labor stamped out the disease by actually which it produces. A minor eco- starving the rats. Rats are numer- nomic consequence is the waste ous in India because of the belief that results from the extremely in transmigration and therefore large number of cooks that the sys- plague flourishes. DUring one of tem requires. the five years I spent in that coun- The joint family system is diffi- try 750,000 persons died from cult to define. A simple case oc- plague. Innoculation would save

almost everyone from plague, but working-man for eight hundred ignorance and superstition cause days. millions of Indians to refuse to be innoculated. I said: "Do you believe in such things?" Each year the Indian Govern- . ment issues a report of the number "No." of persons killed by wild animals "Then why do you do them?" during the year. A considerable "Because my wife and my moth- proportion of the deaths is caused er are both absolutely ignorant vil- by snake bite. The cobra and the lage women and if I had not per- karait are. the most deadly. The formed these ceremonies they belief in transmigration is directly would have killed me." responsible for many of these Inquests on the bodies of Indians deaths for the snake is an especial- who have died are not common and ly sacred animal and is preserved millions die with no physician in from harm even though the deadly attendance. An illiterate woman character of its bite is known. Pea- may be very skilful in the art of cocks, monkeys, deer, wild hogs, poisoning. Indian women may be and many wild birds and animals illiterate but they have power over are also allowed to exist in such their literate husbands and sons. large numbers as to cause great This student was very poor and by losses to the farmers. The bad this series of performances he was economic effects of a belief that thrown into debt for years, if not leads to the death of millions in the for life, .at a time when his educa- prime of their wage-earning power tion was unfinished. is obvious. It is equally clear that a system of game preservation that Holy Men of the East resembles in its effects, though not in its causes, that which proved so The presence of several millions burdensome in early England and of religious mendicants (the so- France, is decidedly wasteful. called "holy men") in India is a very considerable economic drain. Effects of Superstition These men are not the counterpart of the American clergymen. Many The best thinker among my Hin- thousands of them do not preach, du students returned to college one teach, or write. Their Christian day after a long absence and said counterpart is found in some of the that his young son had been born ascetics of ancient or medieval under an unlucky horoscope; times. So great is the hold of these therefore he had been busy doing men on their coreligionists that things to avert the threatened dis- people who are themselves all but aster to the child. He had gathered starving will contribute to their leaves from seven different varie- support. Occasionally an educated ties of sacred trees; collected wa- non-Christian revolts at the impositer from seven different sacred tion. A Hindu told me that when streams; collected dirt from seven he attended a religious festival at different important places; given a Allahabad a holy man asked him dinner to all of his high-caste for money. The student replied neighbors; and had given to the that the man had rendered him no priest two hundred rupees, which, service and that he owed him nothat that time, was the wages of a ing. The beggar said that the stu- dent's father and his grandfather

POVERTY AND THE GOSPEL

had both contributed to him and hammedan said to me that he could that the student must do so. "And not understand how an educated then," said my student, "I gave him woman could make a suitable wife. the smallest piece of money he had My answer was that educated ever r eceived and if my mother had women would not be willing to ocnot been with me I would not have cupy the position assigned to his given him anything." wife by the typical Mohammedan, but that they gave no trouble to The reverence in which these Christian husbands because of men are held is illustrated by the their education. I recall, however, fact that when they, in an absolute- with what evident pride one Hindu ly nude condition, march to the man told me that he had received a river at an especially sacred reli- SOME CIlRn;'l'IANS IN AN OUTCARTE INDIAN VILLAGE gious festival, the women kneel and postal card from his wife. Since kiss the dust of the ground over about one Indian woman in a thouwhich they have walked. Such sand can write her husband had women would give anything they good reason to be proud of her. possess to these beggars. The one festival mentioned above is the Mohammedanism ass i g n s to only occasion upon which any ex- women a position so degraded that ception iS,made to the law that one one can well believe the statement garment must be worn by each that in comparison to the Mohamadult. medan cities of northern Africa the morals of Sodom .and Gomor- The economic drain of this large rah were positively prudish. Hinparasitic class is clearly apparent. duism offers to women as the supreme comfort the hope that No non-Christian religion has some time in the course of transproduced in its adherents the same migrations she may be born a man. care for the education of women as for the education of men. A Mo- The economic effects of an igno-

rant and degraded womanhood are improvement in physical, intellecalmost wholly bad. Physical weak- tual, and moral standards as would ness, intellectual weakness, lack of natUrally follow the common adopbusiness experience and training, tion of Christianity, could so emdegrading moral standards, expen- ploy the population as to raise the sive superstitions, are a few of standard of economic life well such effects. above the poverty line.

Summary for India A common error is to suppose that because the Indians have The indictment against non- farmed for some thousands of Christian practices for economic years they have nothing to learn inefficiency is to my mind conclu- about farming. The success that sive. All of the practices mentioned has attended the teaching of agriare common and have the sanction culture in India by Christian forof religious teaching. None of them eigners proves the error. It is true, has the sanction of Christian teach- however, that the adoption of ing. It makes a vast economic dif- many of the most productive methference whether an uneconomic ods in agriculture is at presellt practice is rare and is condemned made impossible by the extreme by public opinion and the prevail- smallness of the individual units of ing religious teaching or whether cultivation. Landowners h a v e it is common and is either com- large holdings, but they also have manded or sanctioned by the pre- so many tenants (often numbering vailing religious teaching. thousands) that each cultivator has a very small bit of land. The use Some of India's undesirable eco- of a tractor, a self-binder, a threshnomic conditions are ascribable to ing machine, or any other equipnon-Christian practices although ment that can do a large amourit they may result from the operation of work in a short time is impossiof more than one cause. One ble without cooperative farming. marked evil is the lack of diversification of industry. Far too large a Non-Christian beliefs result in proportion of the population is en- such practices as produce an ungaged in farming. Too few raw satisfactory economic condition. products are manufactured at Would a general adoption of Chrishome. The caste system, the igno- tianity furnish an effective remrance of the people, the lack of edy? All of the evils given in the physical strength, make it hard to preceding list would be either mitiintroduce new occupations. It is gated or abrogated under a Christhe fashion to attribute the dire tian regime. Christians do not poverty of India to overpopulation, practice child-marriage, the purbut Belgium has supported the dah system, caste nor expensive larg~st population per square mile and ineffective religious rites; in the world without either asking they do not revere beggars; they or receiving pity on account of do not assign woman to a degraded overcrowding. The United States position; they do not believe in would immediately be overcrowded transmigration. if ninety per cent of its population would engage in agriculture. A Christianity teaches, with clear diversification of the industries of and persistent emphasis, the worth India, if accompanied by such an of the individual. Sex, race, caste, nationality, make no difference in

POVERTY AND THE GOSPEL

the Christian valuation. Its adop- God and his righteousness and all tion as a rule of practice would re- these things (needed material create the non-Christian world. It things) shall be added unto you" is is not an accident that no country a simple unequivocal promise. It unaffected by Christianity has a is explicit and has been proved universal system of education. It abundantly. There is a strong tenis not by chance that history fur- dency to attempt to reverse the nishes no record of a non-Christian process. To the natural man the people becoming Christian, or seeking of the Kingdom at any adopting Christian ideals, without time seems unnecessary and espethe economic standards of that peo- cially as a preliminary to the seekple being raised. A non-Christian ing of material things. The truth Croosus flourished at the expense is that the terms of the promise can of a multitude of abjectly poor be neither successfully reversed peasants and slaves, but the aver- nor neglected. Any nation that age standard of life was extremely seeks the Kingdom of God and conlow. Christianity promises to raise sistently practices the rules of that the mass rather than to elevate a Kingdom will have an assured and few. abiding and general prosperity. A Christian nation may not be a na- Christianity develops the intel- tion of wealthy people but it will lectual capacities of a people, in- not be a nation in which starvation creases their physical strength, or abject and unrelieved poverty helps to secure the proper mobility prevails. of labor, dispels superstition, makes practicable the diversifica- The United States is at present tion of industry, banishes the fear- the wealthiest country in the world. ful curse of child-marriage, abol- Its only salvation from drifting inishes the necessity of grinding to a degenerating materialism is to poverty. These benefits come, not recognize its responsibility for the to the men alone or the highest spiritual welfare of its own people caste alone, but to the population and also for the rest of the world. as a whole. Many millions need the teachings we can give to them. "Seek ye first the Kingdom of SHALL WE "FORCE" OUR RELIGION ON OTHERS?

Christianity is not our religion. It came to us from Christ through other people. We adopted it and there is no reason why we should fail to pass it on to others. Christianity is just as much native to Africa or Persia, as to America and England. Most nations have changed their religions at least once; and if a better faith offers, it should be accepted. Japan is largely Buddhist, yet Buddhism was born in India. Africa and China have large Moslem popula- tions, but Islam was born in Arabia. Christianity was born in the East and is not our faith over against the rest of the world. .

But no one is forcing Christianity on other people. If we open a Chris- tian scho'ol, nobody is obliged to attend it; and even if one does attend, he need not become a Christian. If we open a Christian hospital no one needs to go into the hospital. If we publish the Bible, nobody is required to read it. There is no fair sense in which force can be used with reference to mission work.

Non-Christian people can take or leave the missionary message precisely as anybody in Christian lands can take or leave the message of any minister if he chooses. -CLELAND B. MCAFEE.

A KOREAN VILLAGFl-MR. enOl AND HIB PRI7,E

'rhis young Christian Korean W:lS stnrtf'u in hH,iB(,S~ of s((!('k nwl pou1tr.' raisJng' and largely as a result this village has bef'J1 phangp(l from povprty, ilrunkj~nn p ~H nnel lll Wll'RRu ess, to thrift, sobriety and law-otlRervun~e.

HEJ..PING KOREANS OUT OF POVERTY Christian Farm Schools in Chosen BY DR. FRANCIS O. CLARK, Seoul, Chosen Ag1"icultura·l Advi.Rcr of the Nationu,l OottncH oj K01'can Y. llf. O. A/s J FTER spending fifteen months In order to reach the largest number of people, we conducted fiin Chosen, traveling 30,000 twenty-one ten-day farm schools, miles and visiting all of the to which the real "dirt farmers" were invited, together with leaders thirty-eight mission stations, I am particularly interested in the moveconvinced that the economic con- ment. These schools were very ditions of the country can be most practical. One-half of the time was quickly improved by instructing spent in lectures, one-fourth in the people along lines of diversified farming and by teaching them the best methods of dry-farming and question and answer discussions, stock raising. The emphasis of the and one-fourth in demonstrating government has been largely on how to prepare soil, make and use improving the culture of rice, and simple farm machinery, select the therefore most of the land avail- best seed, judge stock, etc. Lutz, able for this crop is now being Bunce, Kim and Pak started one fairly well managed. school, while Clark, Avison, Hong, 736

HELPING KOREANS OUT OF POVERTY

and Lee began the other. At the thirty to fifty cents per day, but end of five days, we exchanged more than one-half the farmers schools. By this system it was pos- could not afford to pay this amount. sible for each instructor to perfect We have selected from this large his work and discuss topics which group forty or fifty who, we hope, he was most thoroughly prepared will carryon definite farm projto demonstrate. Mr. Lutz and ects, on which farmers are exparty specialized on dry-farming, pected to demonstrate improved soils, fertilizers, crops, horticul- methods of CUltivation, the use of ture, bee keeping, etc. The other legumes, green manures, and imgroup discussed animal husbandry, portant crops, giving special atten- LOCAL COMMITTEE] OD' 'rHE HEJJJO (PYENGYANG) Y. M. C. A. EXPERIMENTAl, FARMS (Dr, F. n. Clnrk is in the front row, fourth from the left.) as applied to Korea, and the vari- tion to improved methods of plantous phases of farm management, ing and to selection of seed for financing, marketing, home indus- future planting. This program will tries, etc. require the services of men trained in animal husbandry and farm We enrolled a paid attendence management. Since the income of (five cents a day) of 4,280 and an the average farm family in Chosen estimated attendance at night is less than $140 a year, it will be meetings of more than 40,000. necessary to help these men get a Many walked from twenty to fifty start in buying simple equipment, miles, carrying sufficient bedding improved seed, fertilizer, and good and rice to last the ten days. One stock. poor fellow spilled his rice in the mud and was forced to gather it up, Last November and December a wash it and use it for food. Korean practical school of agriculture was inns provide board and room at conducted where these project 2

farmers were taught and further how to produce other crops than training was given to Korean rural rice. A bushel of wheat can be pro- leaders. From this leader's school, duced with much less labor than a the best men were chosen to help bushel of rice, and on land that continue a large number of short will not produce the latter. Since ten-day schools. their food contents are similar, the There are many young men in problem of feeding the people in Chosen who have been educated in such countries as Japan, China, and literature, political science, history, Chosen can be greatly lessened by etc., but who find little practical growing a larger variety of cereal use for their education. Some who crops. The area of tillable soil in the country can be nearly doubled if we introduce variety farming and the proper use of hill lands in a program 'of intensive crop rota- tion and stock raising. Fruit, mul- berry and nut trees should be grown on the hillsides and the level land should be saved for the cere- als.

Everywhere we go in Chosen, the people come out to farmers' meet- ings in great numbers and are anxious to get information on im- proved farming.

Fortunately this idea of better farming has been definitely associ- ated with the Christian religion.

In many cases, churches have ap- pointed agriculture committees and have cooperated in the pur- chase of land with a hope of dem- A YOUNG KOREAN AND IllS PF.'l' onstrating improved methods of ROOSTER agriculture to neighbors. We have invited such communities to send are willing to work with their representatives to the far m hands may be benefited by taking schools. At some schools we se- these practical courses and will lected a particular farm for which become qualified to conduct demon- we worked out a detailed plan of stration farms or to teach agricul- management covering a period of ture in the primary and middle three years. We construct or dem- schools now conducted by the vari- onstrate better tillage machinery ous missions. The main purpose of and the method of properly pre- the farm schools is, however, to paring the soil for planting.

give a practical course adapted to All the missions of the Federal the immediate needs of the Korean Council in Chosen are cooperating farmers. in this farm school movement and An eminent Japanese professor the mission workers, together with emphasizes the importance of the Korean church leaders, are teaching the farmers of the Orient largely responsible for the attend-

HELPING KOREANS OUT OF POVERTY '139

ance at sessions of the farm schools. of demonstration farms. It is also The women of Chosen must be necessary to raise the economic level among Christians in Korea in convinced of the need for a change order that they may be independin diet and must be taught how to ent and may support their own prepare various kinds of foods. It churches. At the cost of $100 a is a common impression that milk, year for three years (for equipeggs, and fruit are too expensive ment, seed and fertilizer) a group for ordinary people to eat. Under of ten or twelve men, trained in agexisting conditions this is true, but riculture, may be able to train Koby improved methods of farming rean leaders and in ten years can the people can raise these products turn over the main part of the proon land that is now being largely FIRST MEETING '1'0 ORGANIZ E A Y. M. C. A. IN A KOllEAN VILLAGE wasted, they can learn how to feed gram to them. In fifteen or twenty stock on plants that can grow be- years, the income from the farms tween the seasons of human food should be doubled, thus enabling crops. the Korean Church to be adequate- ly self-supporting. The mission Such a change can be brought forces should take the lead and supabout in Chosen only when the ply the necessary men, women, and practical side of farming is dem- means to make this demonstration onstrated to the people. The influ- of applied Christianity. The ence of the missionaries and the church must prove to the people Christian Church is great, and a that it really cares for their human united effort will make these welfare as well as for their spiritschools more successful and pre- ual life. pare the way for a large number

THE VILLAGES IN NYASALAND*

BY MRS. T. CULLEN YOUNG, Loudon, Nyasaland, Africa Missionary of the Ohurch oj Scotland Mission A FEW years after David Liv- keeping it back. They are hang- ingstone's death, Dr. Robert ing on to the old ceremonial rites Laws founded the Living- and customs, especially when trag- stonia Mission on Lake Nyasa. In edy comes to the village, while at the pioneer days the youth had to the same time they grope in a dim be bribed to come to school. Fren- and misty way after the new things zied Ngoni warriors came to raid which may be good for their chil- the weaker tribes along the shore dren, but which seem to attack the of Lake Nyasa. He heard the war roots of their own lives. Never- impis round his house yelling death theless there are other women who to the "white spirit," and often he are taking their place bravely and had to be ready to flee, with steam beautifully in the uplift of their up in the little "Ilala" and his sur- country.

gical instruments and few treas- The Livingstonia Institution, ured wedding-presents bur i e d built on an escarpment 4,500 feet under the sitting-room floor. above sea level on the western Today all has changed. The shore of Lake Nyasa, includes a Government has entered into part- large Secondary School with a nership in the work of training the Normal Course for the training of Africans for the future, and the teachers, a Medical Course, pro- Mission moves out into new re- ducing trained hospital assistants sponsibilities. But the foundation and other courses for evangelists has been laid by the pioneers. and ministers. The Industrial De- When Dr. Laws left Nyasaland be- partments, which include carpenhind him, after over fifty years, try, printing, engineering, buildhe was carried on the Governor's ing and agriculture absorbs huntrain, the guard of which was one dreds· of young Africans. The of his own old pupils, while others Mission had two out-districts comwere in trusted positions in Gov- prising the most beautiful and ernment offices. varied scenery, in the midst of which lie the villages from which Livingstonia graduates are scat- come the raw material of African tered all over Africa-Tanganyika youth. Territory, Belgian Congo, the Two Rhodesias, South Africa and even The Lake District is a strip of Kenya. Many teachers have with- sandy country lying along the shore stood the temptation of bigger pay and stretching inland to the footand are now teaching village hills. Here cotton and tobacco schools, often remote from their flourish. The people are mostly own home and friends. fishers, traders and boatmakers. They also plant large quantities of The country is advancing but, groundnuts. On the whole, they fundamentally, the women are are more enterprising than the in- • Looking back on twenty-six years in the landers, as they came earlier into Livingstonia Mission the most uplifting ex- contact with outside trade. Creamy nets lie drying on the shore of the perience has been to watch the Master touching the life of the .African village to new impulses and ideals.-J. C. Y.

740 lake, canoes turned up on the sand, education, with loving friendship, naked children playing under the will win the conservative, timid, banana trees. witch-bound African.

A small slip of a girl went down The other district lies beyond the to the lake one morning with a pot range which forms the western on her head. She washed her brass edge of the Great Rift. This disbangles at the water's edge with trict, for which the Institution staff the fine sand and then went in her- also holds itself responsible, is self. She never returned. The equally rich in rivers, woodland empty pot told the tale. The fa- and mountains. Here coffee and ther tied a sick cow to a stake and wheat flourish, while tea has been next morning the crocodile had it started and other parts are recomby the nose. One shot killed the mended for tobacco. monster and the small bangles revealed the tragedy. The cry of an Once away from the station and African mother who has lost her all its activities, we go whirling child is unforgettable. along in a bush-car at great speed. The open road has a wonderful "A-ye-we!" she calls, as she effect on our spirits. We feel at throws up her arms and beats her peace with the world, acknowledgbreast, "Had I not three sons and ing God's goodness to the blue sky. they were taken? Did I not call Suddenly there is a shout from the this child Dongo ('mud,' so that front runner: the spell might be broken), and she also has gone. A-ye-we 1" "All you hear me, my name is January!" Beautiful lake shore! you look so peaceful and Christian with "Since when did you take that those school-churches and much name?" hymn-singing, but beneath and beside it all does there not still lie the "This morning," is the gay reterror and the doubt? There is the joinder. Shrill voices come from old woman who dreams dreams and the isolated huts on the near hills, then calls the people to sweep the asking who we are and where we village, to throwaway the embers are going. Our men shout back, of their fires and come with white satisfying the curiosity of the hillfowls to the mountain to appease folk, usually with jokes which make the wrath of God who is about to everybody laugh. send disease. There is the woman who makes evil potions, and who In the afternoon we pull up at sits over her pot, covered with the Mission rest-house, a simple bark-cloth from head to foot. dwelling, with whitewashed walls, There is the man working in the two rickety bedsteads, a table and Mission Printing-Office who was one or two chairs. taken ill and went home to the lake shore to consult a medicine- Next morning we make an early man who told him that enemies start to climb Usowoya Mountain were willing his death. A month before the sun is high. The man in after, my husband saw him lying front constantly warns the man beon his mat wasting away, prac- hind of the defects of the road. tically dying in the grip of the be- "Down, left, right! Tree-stump, lief that he was bewitched. Only my brother," and the man behind takes warning against putting his foot into a hole or jabbing his toes.

We reach the top and find the school there in the clearing and

morning classes begun. I sit on man, sitting beside his kraal split- the school bell-a drum-until our ting black crow's feathers for his chairs arrive. The numerous chil- burial headdress.

dren look at us at first from a dis- About two hours later, we draw tance and comment on our pe- up at a school carrying on in the culiarities. open air at a forest clearing. The My husband spends the after- school building has collapsed from noon in school and later sits under the depredations of white ants.

the big tree-the village talking- Only the skeleton of the new build- place-with the men, while I strike ing has been erected so far. The off towards a group of women. children sit on logs while the They are no longer shy. After teacher uses a deformed tree stump much friendly chat there comes a for a chair. The blackboard hangs pause for their intuition tells them upon a tree branch. The local that the mission lady has always Christians have arrived and all something more to say after the gather together for a talk, hymn- banter. They wait, and then we sing and prayer.

give one of those messages which The young girls are wearing is always waiting to be given. round their necks, threaded on a Once more 'our hearts have been string, one large crimson bean with laid bare and we are friends for black keel. "Why are you all wear- life. ing one bean?" "Because it is The old elder is making a pair of beautiful," they answer, but I know wooden crutches to enable a young otherwise. Later some big girls man to go to the hospital at Living- corne and sit near the door of the stonia. His leg has been poisoned tent. I hand them my small-mir- for a long time by a horrible ulcer. ror, and the interest is intense as One evening, at the station some one or two see their own faces for months later, we meet a smartly the first time. The reserve has dressed youth standing outside the broken down. "Why are you wear- hospital. He smiles and says, ing that bean?" I ask. At once the "Don't you know me?" and he lifts answer comes: "A snake won't his wooden leg covered with trous- bite us if we wear it, but if one ers and canvas shoe. The leg was does bite us then we put the bean made by a station carpenter. in water, stir, and drink, and all After a service with the villagers will be well."

the following morning, we run Some days after we descend the along for miles on the top of the Usowoya Hills to the plains again.

ridge. Up here the school-centres This part of the plain is well pop- are far apart as it is not very ulated and we find the people in thickly populated. My husband the throes of great fear. Two lions calls from behind, "Do you see that have been in possession of the vil- dark clump of trees at the top of lages for several nights, helping that rocky knoll on your right? themselves to goats and pushing at That is where old Kajiwunde was the doors of huts. We get a great caught as a boy by Ngoni raiders welcome here; many old friends about 1855." The young boy of six corne to greet us and talk.

or seven years was taken away as In the late afternoon I notice a a slave to Ngoniland where we met woman sitting by herself on a little him. He was then a very old, bent knoll beside a solitary hut in the

TOURING THE VILLAGES IN NYASALAND

middle of a maize garden. I be- keep flicking with uur eland tails.

come consumed with curiosity as Buffalo SPOOl' is fresh on the path. she sits apparently doing nothing. We sleep in a small, deserted bush- I get up and make straight for her. village. When the people, who are Not finding a path I get into diffi- sleeping in their garden watch- culties, but finally reach her. As I huts, hear of our arrival, one womapproach I see her putting her hands behind her back. She is an oldish woman. We greet. I pull a bit of wood and sit down beside her.

"Have you been reaping today?"

"Can I reap'! can I hoe? have I hands?" and she slowly brings her poor, mangled hands to the front.

"How did that happen 7" "Did the Ngoni not do it when I was a girl, when they raided our villages and wanted my brass bangles which were difficult to take off?" We cross the Rakuru in a dug-out and sitting on the bank, we watch the bush-car, beds, bedding, tent, table, food-baskets and suit cases brought across, the men trying to balance these things with themselves in the old, leaky canoe.

We hold straight westwards till we come to the "Gate" of the Nkamanga country, which is the Njakwa Gorge. This gorge is just a great tangle of vegetation, clos- ing in overhead in parts, with a deep river rushing over big bould- ers or swirling in deep, dark pools.

If you ask a native to go to the Nkamanga country, he immediately looks around for another to accom- pany him. The old people said that the god of the river, in the shape of a red-crested snake, came down A NKAMANGA SCHOOLBOY WEARING from the hill every year and went KILT ~lADlj; OlJ1 'l'JUDIC-BAltK InnRE into these pools. People made of- an runs towards the empty village ferinps to it – human ones are crying: "Don't sleep in that end whispered. We have seen beads hut there; it has gone wrong!"

and flour laid down at the crossing Next morning I ask the women which consisted of tree-branches what had gone wrong with the end tied together with strips of bark hut. Dead silence! Finally one and laid between two gigantic young woman answers, "Twins boulders. were born in it and if your carriers Next we enter a tsetse belt and had slept in it their legs would

have swollen in lumps and the but the details of the service they trouble would have come back upon rendered are still obscure.

us for not warning them." Two days further west lies the We are soon on the path again, other sacred mountain of Nka- lifting up our hearts in prayer that manga, called Mwanda-the cenfre the seed sown may bring forth of a still earlier worship. Among fruit in the hearts of those attrac- a variety of tales, God is said to tive people. At the largest centre send abroad from Mwanda in the of population and of historic inter- rumblings of his thunder, the first est in the Nkamanga plain, the announcement of the approaching chief, Chikuramayembe IX, comes rains.

out to greet us, wearing a yellow- Having visited all the schools in brown kanzu decorated with silver Nkamanga we go further west and braid, a long chain with the king's finally come to a centre on the edge medallion and a red fez. of the great Vwaza Marsh. Here, This was formerly an ivory trad- while the camp is being got ready, ing center. Here we have a very I renew acquaintance with the large, cruciform-shaped, school- women and children.

church with teachers and many Next morning we enter the soli- scholars, including boarders from tude of the Vwaza Marsh, the home more distant villages. The heart of buffalo, elephant and many of of the missionary's task is to per- the larger antelope. Our load men suade these teachers to take a more do not lag behind that day. The active part in the supreme task of man who carries the rifle and am- helping those boys and girls to gain munition is the most popular. An an unblurred vision of Jesus old woman appears walking to- Christ. Now that the Government wards us. We greet her. "Are has stepped in one must avoid the you not afraid to travel here danger of giving a purely secular alone?" She seems deaf so we re- education. The head teacher's wife peat the question. She then looks has a Bible class of thirty married up with a beautiful smile and asks, women five mornings in the week. "Have I not a Father?" She had Next day we are off on the wings learned about her heavenly Father of the morning for we have many at the services in some small vil- schools to visit-right to the north- lage school. One cannot calculate ern Rhodesian border. At all these the stupendous use God makes of schools a well-attended women's the village teacher at these lonely class is sure proof of the character outposts. Of our Nyasaland schools of the teacher. we have reached the farthest west.

Nkamanga is an almost circular It is the month of October. The plain, surrounded by hills and open whole country is a yellow throb- only to the south where the Rukuru bing haze. The rivers are dry.

River comes down from Ngoniland. Only those which have their source Most noticeable to the west is the far up in the Nyika are running.

peaked mountain Chikang'ombe- The marshes, the bane of our trav- the hill of worship-at the foot of els earlier in the year, are cracked which lies the village ill whose care solid. Once more we take the same lay once the sacred hill. It is said road to the same rest-house. We that girls were set apart, in per- turn up into the hills but are petual virginity, as "wives of God," warned by the people on the plain

that the village at the summit is own home. The people like him deserted. A number of deaths dur- however and speak well of his ing the past months had ousted the teaching. He is trustworthy, one people. The spirits had thus shown of those live Christian souls. He their disapproval! The real cause agrees to stay on for another term, was no doubt the bad water supply and we are glad, for his teaching is -a small stagnant pool. With a badly needed. We have talks with whole village population dipping the people, man-to-man talks, wom- and lifting mud, contamination was an-to-woman talks. They agree certain. that all is not right in their mode We reach the top, 5,000 feet of life and new resolutions are above sea level, after sunset. A made. In the morning we have a long, silent street. Substantially last word with them and go forth.

built mud and thatch houses on We shall not see them for another either side. Not a soul to greet us. year.

Clay pots on verandahs, firewood Now we have reached the seven stacked in corners, barns full, beer thousand feet level, and are above pots closed with cob-webs, bunches the tree line. Only in the gullies of herbal medicine drying, burnt are there tangles of vegetation, and embers in the dip in the centre of old, big, gnarled and twisted trees.

the huts-a complete flight before There are now no villages of any the anger of the ancestral spirits size, only groups of huts of from and their weapon of death. We two to five, widely scattered. At pitch our tent for the night and them all we stop and pitch our tent leave at dawn. We pass the well- in the near gully for the wind can built school-church, with rustic be terrific at night. Indeed, we forms and desk intact. Nothing often lie thinking of the tent ropes could have more signally exempli- and their chance against such odds.

fied the power of superstition over The people of the Nyika are the the even partially – e due ate d Poka. They are squat, heavy and African. broad in the make and tend to- On we go, steadily mounting wards hairiness. They are kn()tty through thick vegetation, getting and bent at the knees with the con- glimpses by the way of towering stant climbing, and the big toe in boulders with the river completely each foot is noticeably enlarged.

hidden, rushing far beneath; no They are wonderful agriculturists.

doubt old worshipping centres as They grow potatoes, onions, peas, all those awesome places were. At beans of several varieties, maize, noon we come to a village with a millet and wheat. In fact, they are school. The village is very dirty. the only people in this region who The people ate dressed in mudded understand the maintenance of the bark-cloth; especially the women soil without having been taught; have an untidy, beery look. Beer although like all Africans, they pots are in abundance. Our tent tend towards wastefulness of the is pitched and once more we are as soil by perpendicular ridging on a circus to these people. The school the slopes. Until quite recently is examined, and the teacher is they would have nothing to do with shown his defects and encouraged. schools. There is only one vacation He wants to return to the fertile, school even now, and the teacher kindly plains to teach beside his is a volunteer from the Institution

who comes for short periods. We size of a pigeon's egg, remnant of have many meetings and talks with Arab influence, can contain herself these scattered highlanders. The no longer and, as is the native cusyoung girls follow us to the second tom, gives her answer by asking a and third camp just to spend part question. "Did we not flee from of the day with us. To their great the fertile valley of the Rukuru joy, my suit-case is turned out, in- when the Ngoni raided us?" She cluding the mirror, and the use of rises and, throwing up her skinny everything explained. All reserve old arms, stamps one heel on the breaks down, questions are asked ground and then the other, signifyand a n s w ere d, friendship ce- ing no doubt what revenge she mented. would take if she could.

Finally, after much climbing we We spend a few days resting at come to the highest inhabited spot, a camp on a lake on the mountain a hamlet of five huts. The tent is top, and then wend our way homepitched. I saunter along to the huts ward slowly, camping frequently at and find some women shelling beautiful, cascading streams. We beans and ask them why they have are nearer the eight thousand feet chosen such a high and exposed level now. No longer tired, we despot to live on, when their gardens scend to face the program of anare far down the sheltered valleys. other year. A sudden halt! the After a little, one very old woman whole caravan listens! The first wearing a long string of the oldest thunder rumbles in the west. type of bead in the country-prus- "Ah," says a voice, "God has not sian blue and white chalcedony the forgotten us: Mwanda speaks."

WHY GO INTO MISS,IONARY SERVICE Responses by newly appointed misswnwries of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society at the presentation service at Kansas City Walter R. Werelius, M.D.-We would preach Jesus Christ and Him crucified, and resurrected, the living Saviour.

M. Vincent Young.-The missionary force across the Burman border is far too meager, so I am very anxious to join my father and my brother who are now on that field as ambassadors of Christ.

Alfred C. Davis.-We go to Assam because Christ is dear to us; be- cause we believe that Christ supplies all of our needs; because we are convinced that Christ fulfils the needs of all.

Julius Ki8h.~Twenty-four years ago I was an immigrant boy. A Baptist missionary told me it was my duty to bring Jesus Christ to my people. I have never forgotten what he said.

Dresie Yut-Sen La1h'You.~My work in San Francisco in helping to bring little children to Christ will be only answering His plea as He said: "Suffer little children to come unto Me."

Nancy Ellen ESP1J.~As I go to Milwaukee to work among the Polish people it is my hope that I may so live Christ and so present Him to them that they will want to accept Him as their way of life.

Elsie Lar8on.~The most important purpose of my life will be to bring to the people the me·ssage of Christ who can satisfy every need and whom to know is life eternal. ~MissioU8.

A FARMER MISSIONARY ON

BY BRAYTON C. CASE, Pyinmana, Burma Superintendent oj the American Baptist Agricultural School N o ONE can make missions as tions. I went to the mission field real to the home church as equipped with what I thought was the missionary himself. The the latest and best, but at home I missionary is often used to revive found myself an intellectual hay- the church and the home church seed growing whiskers. Revolu- and the Christian men in it, who tionary discoveries had been made. are living their religion in many New departments of knowledge walks of life, can do much to re- had sprung up that suggested new vive the missionary. Many enrich- improvements on the mission field. ing experiences come on a fur- Suddenly I was let loose like a lough. Missions hold the respect starved cow on fresh pasture, feel- of serious-minded men. In college, ing I would like to gorge myself or bank, or factory, or store, strong with it all in a single day. I wrote men give serious attention to the volumes of notes, gathered armfuls missionary's· work. Interest in the of free pamphlets, bought trunk- whole world's welfare is in the air fuls of books. The volume of de- and the spirit is gaining ground licious succulence nearly choked that a man to be respectable should me. At last with desperate self give genuine service. However in- control I pushed aside the bulk of adequately the churches may be it and picked out a few choice bits able to get this spirit expressed in and tried to digest them. Then missionary offerings, and though with new found strength prepared the organized expression of reli- to return to the old job. gion in regular church channels These institutions are doing a may sometimes be disappointing, similar service for others in many there seems to be a decided ad- walks of life. At a "Farmers vance in the influence of real reli- Week" in midwinter two thousand gion over the lives of thoughtful country people came and plunged men in the world of action. Many into an educational and inspiraof the biggest men in America tional deluge for six days. The cheerfully give a good share of regular college activities were their time as well as money to re- stopped and every classroom and ligious and philanthropic causes. professor was grappling with hun- In the state agricultural colleges gry seekers. Regarding the counmany of the leading men are active try church, country school, nursworkers in the local churches. ing, health, cooking, clothing, They are interested in missions and music, crops, poultry, farm anidesire to be of service in their ad- mals, gardening, games, commuvancement. There is a missionary nity organization and many other spirit about these institutions. The lines, experts were giving instruccolleges breath the spirit of "Here tion and council to groups and diswe are for your special service." cussing problems related to their A wealth of fresh information al- particular needs. Eager learners so is to be found in these institu- and able and devoted men joyously 747

poured themselves out to be a bless- In addition to these, schools were ing. organized running two weeks for various types of rural leaders. During another week came a tor- That for country preachers coming rent of boys and girls-club mem- in the summer time was one of the bers from the .farms and homes all most interesting. With the coopover the state. Each one was se- eration of the religious organizalected to come because of some spe- tions of the state a curriculum was cial achievement durin$' the previ- drawn up which included subjects ous year and they all were eager to helpful to country pastors in small benefit by this privilege. They rep- rural communities. Outstanding resented three quarters of a million church leaders taught the subjects club members all over the country. on the religious side of the work such as sermons for a country Throughout the year large par- church, pastoral work, Sundayties organized from different coun- school management, etc., while ties in the state arrived in automo- members of the college staff taught biles to spend a day at the college. subjects such as rural recreation, They listened to specialists tell rural family life, gardening, poulwhat were the latest discoveries re- try, cooperation and marketing. lated to their particular needs. They saw practices demonstrated Similar schools were conducted on the college experiment station, for Sunday-school teachers and observed specimens prepared in workers among young people. laboratories, and talked with these There were schools for leaders of leaders about what they saw. the Grange which is the fraternal There was mutual respect and organization for country people goodwill from both sides, and their very widespread over America. feet stayed on the ground. Their Also a similar school was held for talk dealt with real country life the local leaders of the Boys and and present pressing problems. It Girls Farm and Home Clubs. was thrilling. This one day meeting might be of a county poultry These numerous activities were association, county market garden- conducted with the hearty cooperaers, dairy or fruit growers' associa- tion of existing local agencies tion, or a state seedsmen's or a working for the betterment of live stock convention. I even saw country life. The leaders of the a professor lecturing on disinfect- agricultural colleges were not tryants and hair tonics at a barbers' ing to put over something on these convention. local organizations but, with sym- pathetic understanding and a help- Still another type were the short ful Christian spirit, were coopercourses for farmers lasting two ating to contribute those elements weeks. Different subjects would be they possessed for making country taken up at different times in the life richer and more satisfying year and conducted by different de- both in a material and spiritual partments of the college, such as way. This tremendous volume of short courses on poultry, or fruit helpful influence from the state agand vegetable growing, or dairy- ricultural college was being poured ing. Experts from outside in com- into the surrounding country life mercial or state work were some- every month of the year and in times called in to supplement the local staff. practically everyone of the forty-

A FARMER MISSIONARY ON FURLOUGH

eight states-a big help to farmers. partment of the government, and Out among the farms and homes its agents are constantly traveling in practically every corner of each over the country encouraging and state was still another hand of the advising with the various local agricultural college reaching out to agencies. I found these agents in bless and serve. This was the local real missionary headquarters. The resident agent of the college exten- maze of offices, clicking typesion department. Nearly every writers, and hUrrying feet was becounty had a county agent who wildering but into whichever door lived there and visited the country I stuck my head there 1 met a smile people and advised them regarding of welcome and the question: their farm work. He got local "What is your difficulty? What farmers to demonstrate improved can I do for you ?" When they dispractices. He came to be a friend covered I was a missionary like a of everybody who was looking for seven-year locust returning to dea better way of living and working. vour any green thing, they re- I have seen these men conducting doubled their efforts to get the meetings which would make a mis- latest bit of information that might sionary envious. I heard them be of service. Scores of people preaching principles of pruning laid themselves out and some even and practical living perched on a went around the city to help me tree-top with a saw, and talk on get the thing I needed. From insoil improvement and soul culture tensely busy men at the head of from out of a hole in the ground bureaus to office stenographers, with a spade in hand. Around them the spirit of being enlisted in a gathered hard-handed, sunburned great missionary enterprise was farmers, eagerly listening and ask- present. ing questions and carrying home a In a multitude of places I found better way of life as well as some this purpose at work-to be of the better practice in agriculture. greatest possible service to the These were new types of mission- common country people-and it aries with a contagious enthusiasm gripped the heart of this farmer and devotion to the all-round bet- mIssIOnary. This avalanche of terment of their communities, that kindness and help and inspiration made me wish we could import sev- overwhelmed me. The magnificent eral shiploads of them to turn loose Christian men I met through these on our mission fields. In addition, contacts brought me wonderful new in many counties there was a wom- friends, filled me with new spiran home demonstration agent giv- itual power, gave me a new vision ing her attention to the needs of and made my furlough a rich exthe farm homes and sometimes still perience. another man or woman for boys' The spirit of this great moveand girls' clubs. Altogether there ment, permeated by Christian men are over five thousand of these ex- seeking to render a Christian servtension agents at work in America. ice to the country life of the world, Cooperating with all these state was expressed at Jerusalem in agencies and back of them all is the 1928. Before the Christian people United States Department of Agri- of the world who think in rural culture. It employs more people terms for rural needs, the followin Washington than any other de- ing statement was made under the

heading, "The Christian Mission in interests of a better Christian Relation to Rural Problems in Asia country life. Dr. Butterfield is and Africa": right in the centre of this great Man is an integral part of God's stream working for a better counphy,sical creation, and much of his best try life. He stresses the need of education, as well as his moral and spiritual regeneration as well as spiritual development, can still be agricultural and social. improve- drawn from the environment that ment. Country ministers as well rural life affords. as the Christian laymen of the The moral and spiritual values of countryside look to him for leaderthe farmer's work, his stewardship of ship. the soil, the greatest material resource which God has given His children; On the mission fields we are up the farmer',s service to his fellowmen against the problem of leading our in producing the primary physical rural converts to grow in the fullneed of mankind-food; the farmer's ness and richness of the Christian need of discovering God's laws and life. Tied down by the limitations how to conform to them, how he can of extreme poverty, bodies under- more fully be a worker together with nourished, disease sapping their God; these are distinct and peculiar strength, with the result that little opportunitie!l for Christian teaching and preaching among rural folk. spiritual inspiration stirs their souls to attempt greater and better We recommend that as soon as prac- things because they are Christians. ticable the Committee of the Interna- If the new impulse which comes tional Missionary Council employ a into their lives through Christ does competent staff member to give full not find expression in doing sometime to the service of rural mis·sions thing better, in growing a better in all parts of the world.

In -harmony with these recom- crop, building a better house, mendations, Dr. Kenyon L. But- cleaner clothes, using more soap terfield has gone to India, Siam and water on the babies; betterand China to study needs and to fed children in addition to better council regarding rural problems praying and better preaching; if and share his experience so that it does not find some such expresmissionaries and Christian leaders sion, the impulse will wither and may more effectively develop a die. God cannot bless a lazy, shift- Christian way of life in body, mind less Christian. If he does not try and soul among rural communities. to do something better with his re- ligion he will lose it. You know Dr. Butterfield, formerly presi- the number who slide back till they dent of the Massachusetts Agricul- are not much better than baptized tural College, until recently presi- heathen.

dent of the Michigan State College Dr. Butterfield has made his re- of AgricultUre, was a member of port on India. His help has been the American Country Life Com- received enthusiastically by those mission appointed by President who lift their eyes to new visions Roosevelt. He has been president and seek to help bring rural peo- of the American Country Life As- ples a larger measure of that full- sociation and has recently returned ness of life which should be theirs from a tour of South Africa in the as followers of Christ.

HASHIMOTO-SAN SIGNED THE

A Rural Experiment in Japan BY THE REV. E. M. CLARK, PH.D., Kobe, Japan Missionary oj the Pre8b!{t0l'ian Ohurch, U. S. A.

SIGN HERE …….. ! No, you In recent years much has been are not being asked to buy a said and written with regard to the gold brick, nor to give away rural problem. And it is high time!

something which you desire to After nearly two thousand years keep. You are reading the climax we decide that it is time to give the of the story of a two-year persecu- agriculturists a chance to hear the tion of a young farmer who was Gospel! In Japan, after sixty-odd baptized nearly two years ago in a or seventy years of work by Prot- small village in rural Japan. The estant missions, the rural areas are document read thus: as yet practically untouched. Prob- I do not believe in Jesus Christ. I ably there is truth in the claim of hereby promise in the presence of all the mission and church leaders those here assembled that I will never that the policy of concentrating again cross the threshold of a Chris- their efforts in the larger centers tian meeting house. of population has been justified by SIGN HERE ……………….. . the results. The existence today of Hashimoto-san signed the paper, a large number of self-supporting the only other alternative being to churches in all of the cities and be cast out with his wife and chil- most of the large towns may, with dren into a cold world with no vis- a fair amount of accuracy, be acible means of livelihood. cepted as proof of the wisdom of the policy hitherto followed. Rural Japan is primitive Japan. Those who have lived only in the However, recent local and inter- cities and larger towns, as also national conferences have sensed those who visit Japan for only a the situation aright in placing a brief period, have much to say new and powerful emphasis upon about the marvelous developments the need for a progressive policy in which have characterized the past rural evangelism. "Hereafter the few decades. Their observations missions must, more and more, un- are correct. Perhaps they have dertake what the younger churches even slightly underestimated ·the are still unable to do. They must progress which has been made. press out into the pioneer areas,"

But there is another Japan. I is the substance of much discussion am thinking of the Japan which in mission meetings and other constill believes the old story, initiated ferences. In Japan this recent by priests of the older religions emphasis has, as yet, advanced when Christianity first began to scarcely beyond the stage of aca- leak into the country, that Chris- demic discussion."

tian missionaries are in Japan for Two years ago the Japan Mis- the purpose of subjecting the em- sion of the Presbyterian Church in pire to foreign countries, by first the U. S. A. adopted a policy in inducing the people to embrace a conformity with this idea. At the foreign religion. same time it took a rather drastic 751

step in extracting itself by the nomic condition and the deep-dyed roots from the work which it had conservatism of the Japanese farmformerly been doing, in coopera- er, it is quite evident that it is usetion with the Church of Christ in less to expect any missionary or Japan, in the cities and larger Japanese evangelist to enter a towns. As far as evangelistic work rural community and establish a is concerned the mission is now church on the basis of "self-sup- "feeling its way" into a closer and port from the beginning," in the more spiritual relation to the traditional meaning of the phrase. younger church, and at the same In the first place, it requires about time into a policy of effort on be- three years to break through the half of the neglected classes. In crust of anti-Christian antipathy line with this policy new plans are and prejudice and to gain the conbeing laid for work for the indus- fidence of the farmers. trial classes and the underbrush is being cleared for pioneer work in In the second place, all of the the rural areas. farmers of a rather large region would have to become Christians, A study of the problems of rural or at least a good proportion of a evangelism in Japan is not within still larger area would have to be the scope of this article. The writ- Christians before anything like er has been requested to relate self-support could be attained. It briefly the facts relative to an ex- is difficult to conceive of a group of periment which he is sponsoring in people increasing their already the hope of casting a little light on staggering load of debt in order to the specific problem of how the support a church. An average debt Gospel can be brought to the farm- of five hundred and fifty yen for ers without the mission getting every farmer in the country has to into a predicament similar to that be reckoned with. In view of such from which it has recently been circumstances one may reasonably obliged to extricate itself in rela- hope that in a group of villages tion to the formerly "aided" there might be a sufficiently large churches. number of Christians after about ten years to support an evangelist When the mission adopted its by contributing rice, vegetables new policy of emphasis upon work and small amounts of money. for the hitherto neglected classes it adopted also a policy of "self- Weare making an experiment support from the beginning." in an attempt to meet the situation When we attempt to make this pol- and to make it possible to carryon icy applicable to the peasant class evangelistic and social work in a we find ourselves facing the diffi- rural area comprising one small cult proposition of inducing a pov- town and a large number of farmerty-stricken, heavily indebted and er-villages. The total population overtaxed group of people to give is approximately forty thousand, financial support to a propaganda living within an area of approxithe avowed purpose of which is to mately ninety square miles. This displace its time-honored religious work is to be self-supporting in the institutions by one which it has sense that, given a certain origbeen taught to fear and disrespect. inal equipment, it will perpetuate itself indefinitely without financial To anyone who has a first-hand aid from outside sources. There is acquaintance with the serious eco-

HASHIMOTO-SAN SIGNED TlIE

nothing new in the idea. Mission cial qualifications which an evanindustrial schools are working on gelist ought to possess, he believes the same principle. The only new that he can be a soul-winner by feature of the present experiment managing the chicken ranch and is its application to the rural prob- thus producing the income by lem in Japan. which the more directly evangel- istic work can be supported. Di- Our white leghorn chicken ranch rect evangelism is being carried on is in the center of an entirely un- by the missionary and an associate, evangelized region in rural Japan. with the additional aid of two theo- A small tract of land, a house suf- logical students and another young ficiently large to provide a home layman. The plan is that from next for a small group of workers, a April the poultry manager, an stock of about one thousand good evangelist and two lay assistants hens with houses sufficiently mod- will be residing there and the work ern in their arrangement and will get into full swing, as is imequipment to be a source of educa- possible now with only Sunday tion to the farmers of the commu- trips. It should be half supporting nity (a total financial outlay of by that time and fully supporting approximately three thousand dol- by autumn when all of the stock lars), is the· extent of the original and other equipment should be investment from which we believe complete. it will be possible to carryon indefinitely an evangelistic and social At present, with only Sundays work for farmers, on a basis of and occasional holidays and vacaself-support from the beginning. tion periods spent on the field, a small church is being developed in In the present experiment,· the the central town, ·and children's lack of funds to start the project meetings are held every week in off on a paying basis, compels us eleven of the surrounding villages. to add gradually to the equipment, The adult life of these villages also the hope being that it will be com- is being slightly touched by the plete by autumn. In the meantime distribution of Christian literature the mission is supplying funds to and by personal conversations, as support the project. This involves well as by occasional lectures. But part time of a missionary and a this is only laying the foundation Japanese associate, two student for a more intensive and effective helpers and two laymen assistants, work which can be done only when and the expense of the upkeep of a the evangelist and his associates Ford car by which itineration is are living on the field and identifydone. Under the supervision of the ing themselves with the life of the missionary the material equipment peasants. Then the time and eneris being acquired and developed gy of the missionary will be rewith the assistance of a young lay- leased for the developing of a new man who has not the educational project in another community. qualifications to enter our Theo- The missionary, in this case, haplogical Seminary but who is deter- pens to be a professor in a theologimined to do his bit in making cal seminary and so has not much Christ known to the people of his time for such projects except on country, especially to the farming Sundays. He feels that, by creating class to which he belongs. Believ- the opportunity for Japanese ing himself to be without the spe- 3

brethern and giving only such under terrific economic injustice guidance and assistance as is neces- and many are being forced into the sary, a great deal can be accom- ranks of social radicalism! Some plished. such methods as the one with which we are now experimenting What these Japanese Christian m u s t be put into operation workers receive is very small, be- throughout the length and breadth ing limited by the income of so of Japan. Its thirty million farmsmall a chicken ranch. But they ing people, living in twelve thouraise their own vegetables and it sand villages, must be given the is hoped that soon they will receive Gospel of Christ as the only and contributions of rice. In the rural all-sufficient alternative to social districts there are not so many de- radicalism and as the all-sufficient mands upon the purse as in the remedy for their spiritual troubles. larger towns or cities. In actual cash about one fourth of the There is one other feature of the amount usually paid to a city pas- plan. "How will this scheme link tor or evangelist will be sufficient. up with the native church?" The plan is to foster the growth of an It is hoped that in addition to the organized church in the central directly evangelistic work in the town and, as soon as it has reached surrounding villages, G 0 s pel a stage of sufficient church-conschools may be conducted at this sciousness and stability, to relate it center, during times when the to the Church of Christ in Japan. farmers are at leisure. During The surrounding village work such periods the Bible will be should then become a home mission studied, and other courses will be project, either of the local church given on subjects vitally concern- or of the larger body, the property ing the farmers. They will be being given to the holding company taught methods of making profita- of the Church of Christ in Japan, ble use of the one hundred and or sold to it on an easy instalment sixty days of the year during plan. In the latter case the fund which they now have leisure from thus returned to the mission might their agricultural duties. Day well be used to open another such nurseries may also be started in project in a new community. order to care for the children of mothers who are obliged to spend To those acquainted with simitheir days in the rice fields. lar methods in operation in other mission fields this will not seem to By such service of love the walls be a new experiment, but it is the of prejudice will be broken down first of its kind in Japan. and the farmers will be ready to listen to the spiritual message of Hashimoto-san, to whom we re- Christ. All tines of endeavor must ferred at the beginning, is a young at all times be subservient to the farmer, an adopted son, living with one aim of making Christ known his wife and three children under and making Him real to the peo- the paternal roof in a small village ple. We must win to Christ the within the bounds of the project great farming class which com- described. With two other young prises forty-eight per cent of the men of the same village he believed population of Japan proper (fifty- in Christ and received baptism. five per cent when colonies are in- These three Christians and six cluded). They are staggering other inquirers had been coming to

HASHIMOTO-SAN SIGNED THE PAPER

town each Sunday evening to at- and social conditions in Japan it tend the service. Then the old, would have also been impossible, primitive, conservative Japan as- humanly speaking, for Hashimotoserted itself in the person of the san, with no other training than foster-father of Hashimoto, and that of a farmer, to have found a by ceaseless persecution he ren- means of livelihood. He stated that dered the life of his adopted son if he had only himself to consider miserable until finally, upon threat he could easily die if he could not of being cast out with his family find a means of support. But he from the home, he signed the state- could not believe that God wanted ment denying his Christian faith. him to throw his wife and children out in the cold. This feeling and We might say, "Why did he not his strong sense of giri resulted in let the father cast him out? Would his signing the paper. not God provide for his own? What a testimony he could then As a result of this opposition have given!" It might have been none of the three Christians nor so, but in Japan we have what is the inquirers of that village are called giri. It is a sense of binding able to attend church services now. obligation on account of favors re- But we do not believe that this is ceived. This young man had been the end. Hashimoto-san feels much adopted and reared in that home. like a certain other apostle felt on In view of his giri it was next to a certain occasion. Some day, we impossible for him to follow a believe, he is going to "come course of action contrary to the through" and when that happens expressed command of the father. he will be a power to help build the Had he done so and been cast out church in that village. In the from the home his action would meantime we must work patiently have furnished one more argument on, breaking down that spirit of to be used as a weapon in the hands which Hashimoto-san's father is of the anti-Christian propagand- typical. This will make it easier ists. "See! this Jesus teaching for thousands of other young men leads children to disregard their and women, of whom Hashimotosacred obligations toward their san is typical, to follow the dictates parents." Under present economic of their hearts in matters of faith.

/.~ it time for you, 0 ye, to dwell in your cieled houses, anllthis house lie waste? HAG. 1: 4.

What a message for our modern world! See wha~ we have built! Look at the skyscrapers we have built, the railroads we have built, the automobiles we have built, the aeroplanes we have built, the bridges we have built! We have built everything material, but can you honestly say that we have tried to build religion into the world? And until we try to build religion the way we have built other things there is no use in talking about peace and about prosperity. As long as people spend a thougand dollars on the upkeep of their carg and are satisfied to give ten cents a week to missions, how can you expect that we are going to have peace and progperity in the world? You can take that first chapter of Haggai, translate it verbatim, and you have the case of our modern world.

-RAYMOND CALKINS.

MISSION BOARDS NON-CONDUCTORS? *

BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia T HE general principles that the other half of this enterprise, govern the administration of namely, the work of the Church at missionary work are fairly home. This must never be defined simple. Christians have a message as simply contributions in money.

that Jesus Christ came to save men. One who prays for the work faith- We take that message to other fully does much more than a man countries as well as to our own. who simply gives money.

We believe that Eternal Life is A hundred years ago or more, available for all in Arabia, India, some few Christians became inter- China and other lands; and that ested in carrying out Christ's com- this life is their one great need. mand and organized the American Second, this work of proclaiming Board. That was followed by the the divine message is the task of organization of many other boards the entire Church. All are not able until now we have them in practi- to go in' person, but the entire cally everyone of the different de- Church is to pray and to sacrifice nominations. These boards were for this enterprise and so the entire originally the secretaries or cor- Church is to be busy carrying this respondents of the churches which knowledge of Christ to the whole could not easily do the work direct- world. That is the main task of ly. The function of a board is sim- the Church. We were given no com- ply to put into a practical program mission by Christ except this one. the intention and energy of the The contribution which the Church.

Church makes as a whole includes Those boards have grown and prayer and sacrifice-the sacrifice have done their work exceedingly of money and of time and of effort. well. They have stirred up the Wherever we live and work we Church to greater and greater ef- may contribute a part of our lives fort, but their very success has cre- to this enterprise, but those who ated a serious problem. They have carry the message in person may come now to fill the whole mission- be looked upon as contributing ary horizon. I have been in the more, though that is not certain. mission field twenty years and as But essentially in this task there far as our home connections are are only two factors: there is God concerned we have seen almost above and His servants here below. nothing else. In many annual We divide the enterprise most con- meetings, where we sit together to veniently: here there is the work discuss our various problems, I of the missionaries abroad and the have never heard anybody say that work of the Church at home. the churches at home this year can In the work of the missionaries give us only ninety per cent of abroad, we have seen certain im- what they gave last year. As we perfections that profitably might sit in an annual meeting we don't be corrected. Now we will consider see any church, all we see is the Church Board. We are out there sio:~l;r~~11~~~~~~r~~ir.1.nccton on "Our Mis- to do the work of the Church of 756 Christ, and in fact we are simply term the Mission Board. The the Church's representatives. Church sees the board from this A board is a very opaque thing. side and the field sees it from that It should be made more transpar- side, but they do not see each other ent so that the missionary on the as they should.

field can see the Church at home. Wherever we find a circle that He can't now. His financial sup- has sent out one of its own number port comes through the board, and to the mission field and receive let- much more is involved than fi- ters, there you find the warmest nances. If we want to adopt a cer- hearted missionary interest. In my tain policy or make a change in our denomination one county in Iowa constitution, nobody writes home is outstanding in its missionary in- to the churches in America for per- terest and in its gifts and prayers.

mission. The question as to mis- This is because from that county sion policy is of interest to the perhaps a dozen missionaries have churches because this work is their gone out, and are now working in work. But as the missionary en- the different missions. They write terprise is organized we write our letters home so that there is an questions to the board and receive unusual contact between the field our directions from them. abroad and the church at home.

This capacity also shuts off from The result is a tremendous lift in the Church any adequate view of the church life at home, and also the field. I have been busy this past out on the field. It is the contact year going up and down America of love and prayer, but there is not trying to pick up a little of the fi- quite enough sense of responsibil- nancial slack in our own denomi- ity. The actual weight of the en- nation. The people that I have terprise does not rest on those visited have not been impressed people.

with the fact that the Arabian mis- Think of the men who have been sion is in great need of more mon- the outstanding missionary leaders ey, but they have been made to feel in the last twenty years! It has that the board is in debt, and is been the leadership of mission sec- asking for special contributions. retaries and not of missionaries The Church does not seem to know who actually work in the mission about the. great need in India or field.

China, but knows only about the There are reasons for that, many board and its debt. of them good reasons, but the re- Here is a development which is sult is that throughout the Church harmful, because the missionary on there is developing a disquieting the field needs most of all the in- distrust of our present mission ad- spiration that comes from an inti- ministration. I believe that this mate contact with the Church at would not be the case if the mis- home. The Church also needs noth- sionaries themselves were recog- ing perhaps quite so much as to nized as the leaders in the mission- feel the responsibility and the ap- ary enterprise. When missionaries peal of the task out on the field. come home and the Church can see The missionary and the Church do in them the embodiment of the en- not feel this contact as they should terprise, there is a degree of amel- because between them is this ioration of this particular symp- opaque organization which we tom. After the last six and a half

years in Arabia nothing has important to teach people how to alarmed me more than this grow- pray and sacrifice for that entering feeling that I have noticed that prise than it is to work through a the churches at home and the mis- lot of technical minutire such as sionary administration are in some were discussed in Atlantic City. way out of harmony. There is a feeling that money is wasted or The significant point is not the used unwisely in the missionary details on that program but the enterprise. way the churches feel about it. This is illustrated at the moment The accusation is not true for by the extraordinary enthusiasm mission finance is wonderfully well among board secretaries over the handled by Mission Boards, but the Jerusalem Conference while in the thing that alarms me is that this churches I have found no particufeeling is so widespread. At the lar enthusiasm for the results of Atlantic City Missionary Confer- that conference. At the moment I ence these topics were under dis- am not interested in making any cussion: estimate of the Jerusalem findings; the point is that the Church feels Missionary certification and relation one way and the leaders of the misof missionaries to British Government. sionary enterprise feel another way. In that growing separation ExtraterFitoriality and safety of between the Church and its mismissionaries in China. sionary leadership we find one great reason why the support of Religious freedom in Egypt. the enterprise is going down and Legislation in the Portuguese col- not up. onies. Regulation of Christian education But the thing we want to discovin China. er is how such an Unsatisfactory Memorandum of the Mandates Com- situation can be improved. It is mission. safe to say that the missionary en- Central examining office. terprise will be heartily supported Medical survey. with prayer and energy and sacri- Subcommittee study. fice whenever the Church as a whole Lending libraries. is in a state of spiritual exaltation Miscellaneous matter. and revival no matter what the handicaps may be. But if it is true That list of topics comes from a that in these days we are in a state business office. The churches at of spiritual declension, then the home expect to pray for missions missionary enterprise must expect and sacrifice for them. They look a less active support. If that is the on the enterprise as a spiritual case, then it becomes the more imwork, one which stands or falls portant for us to study carefully with its relation to God. When a ways of conserving and using all central conference, which is sup- our spiritual resources. posed to head up the missionary enterprise for counsel, sets up a That argument stretches in two program of that kind, it is not sur- directions. The missionary enterprising to find the churches unin- prise not only makes demands upon terested and unsympathetic. The the Church but it also makes very churches know that in a missionary great contributions to the Church. enterprise we are dealing with a spiritual adventure, with a divine message. It is a good deal more

ARE MISSION BOARDS NON-CONDUCTORS?

So it comes to this: that our policy volume of prayer and of interest in the mission administration at and of sympathy and of underhome should bring to the service of standing in Chicago and in Persia the missionary enterprise abroad very different from what they all of the spiritual resources of the would have otherwise. Fourth Church at home and should also church might also hope to gain a bl'ing to the Church at home all of very great thrill and impetus in its the impetus and uplift and inspira- own spiritual life. They need montion that can come from carrying ey for a new building in Persia. forward missionary work abroad. Who is responsible for that? The Therefore I want to propose some Fourth church is a strong church, definite policies which it seems to and if the officers are convinced me might alter this situation for that such a building is needed they the better, in the fields abroad and will help to provide such a building. in the Church at home. Equally the field will feel the bene- fit of that kind of supervision and A few weeks ago the pastor of sympathy and sacrifice, because if the Fourth Presbyterian church of there is a particularly difficult field Chicago, told me that they have of work there, or a particularly under discussion a very interesting difficult enterprise, they need not plan which, as yet, is only a dream money only for that enterprise, but which I hope will become an they need prayer, they need the actual reality. The plan is for that whole spiritual backing of the church to take on the responsibil- church in America. ity for the mission in Teheran, one of the very promising stations in This is something very different Persia. The unique feature of this from writing a few letters back plan is not simply the privilege of and forth when there is no feeling paying the bills of the station. of responsibility. Moreover the in- There is nothing new about that. timate contact which will result, They are thinking of taking that will have other good effects. That particular field to actually admin- work in Teheran must commend itister the work just as they might self now to the accountants of administer an Italian mission in Fourth church. It will be super- Chicago. That will involve the vised very carefully, and will be sending out of a strong committee pushed forward with more courto look the work over and get an age. The mission will feel special accurate line on its different de- responsibility to the members in partments. It will involve sending the Fourth church. a representative over there frequently to study the situation and When a committee from the bring back a report, and to consid- church visits the field, the missioner changes in the appropriations aries will say: "See what we ought made to different departments of to do! There is this whole province the work-to actually "run" that in Persia, with half a million peostation. ple untouched as yet; it will take ten evangelistic missionaries at Do you see the benefits which least, and two hospitals, and three may be expected from such an ar- schools to occupy that province for rangement? All of the spiritual Christ. That will require an added resources of Fourth church will be budget of seventy-five thousand behind Teheran and there will be a dollars a year." You couldn't send

that request to the board that is in care of areas which it was not easy debt already. But a commission of to adjust in this way.

half a dozen men from Fourth But if we can get fifty per cent church can go back, after they have of our missionary work directly seen the need, and have slept on impinging upon the conscience and the hard stone floors a couple of upon the heart of the churches in nights, so that they can really get this way, we will transform the enthusiastic over this proposal, missionary situation. Moreover they can tell Fourth church that it this will make it easier to care for is absolutely necessary. They will the fifty per cent which remains not call for seventy-five thousand to be administered more or less as dollars; these business men will at present. We have been making show the people how, by business an effort to approximate this result economy and care in organization, and still retain the old organiza- fifty thousand dollars will do the tion. We have the project plan work. whereby a definite work is given We have still to learn what our over to the church, but all the churches can do if we once actually church is asked to do is to pay the show them the thrill of the oppor- bill; the church is not supposed to tunity and can cause them to feel administer the enterprise. We the real responsibility out there in might even get something out of the field. The resources of our the project plan if a church which churches at home are as big as all asks for a project would enthusi- outdoors, but the trouble is that we astically develop it. Here is a hos- do not succeed in getting the actual pital that will cost twenty-five situation to impinge on their hearts hundred dollars a year. If anyone and their consciences a tenth of proposes to send out six thousand, one per cent. There is a way of the board objects because this proj- doing it so that our consecrated lay- ect is a two thousand five hundred men and women in some of these dollar project, and if contributions churches would respond to the exceed that then the extra money need. If we are going to delegate will be put into the general treas- this responsibility to boards, if we ury for other things. It sounds all are going to look at it through two right but it is wrong. The church or three intermediaries, we will must feel the weight of its respon- get nowhere. That is a great trou- sibility, and have the opportunity ble with us now. of enthusiastically meeting it. We It is obvious that at first only must bring the field into vital con- the stronger churches could under- tact with the church and the church take a thing of this sort. A church into contact with the field, without would also need to have some pros- any opaque partition between pect of continuing a strong church. which hinders either one from see- But there are many churches that ing the other, and from gaining could safely be entrusted with that spiritual impetus from the other.

type of enterprise and there are Working as I do in an old and many different types of stations. very conservative denomination, A number of small churches might I have been surprised to discover carry the responsibility of some how much of a growing appeal is area abroad, and a central body made by the Faith Missions. I vis- ~ould pick up the slack and ta~e ited recently a church in Holland,

1931J ARE MISSION BOARDS NON-CONDUCTORS?

Michigan. That church supports ary. If the missionaries act that two missionaries. One is a mem- way, then it will be impossible to ber of our own mission and one is keep up missionary interest. a "faith missionary, so-called," working in South America. The I was talking with a minister church provides her salary and the who was working faithfully to salary of the other missionary. I maintain the interest of his church asked the minister which money in a missionary whose salary they they found the easier to raise. He paid. They had written many letsaid it was much easier to raise the ters but received no reply. If the salary of the "faith missionary." church failed to pay that mission- There is a simple reason for it. The ary's salary and he went hungry, church members feel that they are then he would be writing some letdirectly responsible for her, for ters. After all, it is the church there is no board that can take care that works out there in Arabia and of her. If the money does not come India and China, and success dein, she will go hungry. pends upon putting the sacrifice and prayer and interest of the I am not defending the method church into it. God's power, I supof Faith Missions as above our pose, could work out there regardown. They are doing a very small less of the church at home, but He fraction of the missionary work of has commissioned His church to do the church. God has chosen the the work. We find the power of more conventional method for His God released in the foreign mislarger tasks so far as we can see. sionary enterprise on the field ex- actly in proportion as the church But it remains that they have at home prays for it and sacrifices something to teach us. The faith for it. For the good of the church missionary also feels the respon- at home and for the success of the sibility of her position and main- work on the field it is important tains her contact better with the that we bring these two partners church at home. That is the other together. It is a matter of the utside. Under the present arrange- most importance to devise practical ment the missionary writes let- means of doing so. They are not ters to the board in place of to the beyond our reach, and I think they church. His salary and his appro- can be begun tomorrow in many priations do not depend on his churches in your own denominalive contact with the church. tion. Working out from that as a beginning, we can revise our whole Missionaries are guilty of many missionary plan of administration sins of omission. I was talking in a way that will revive the church to a man in New York City. He at home and will promote the evangave to a missionary a printing gelization of the nations abroad. press and type and many supplies. We will enjoy the blessing of God Its receipt was not even acknowl- in doing it. edged. The donor never heard a word from that "grateful" mission-

Laymen's Foreign Missions honesty and good judgment

in their report. It will be worse than Inquiry useless to try mechanically to apply Before sailing for the Far East to secular business aims, principles, make their intensive study of foreign standards and methods to the spiritual missions in India, China, and Japan, work of the Church. No laymen's the thirteen Commissioners of the in- commission of inquiry could have ap- terdenominational Laymen's Foreign praised correctly the work of Jesus Missions Inquiry met at Lake Mo- Christ or the apostles in the first cen- honk, New York, (September 9th to tury.

16th) for a week's conference. The results of this Laymen's In- The task of the Commissioners will quiry will be disastrous if faults are be to appraise the facts regarding for- overlooked or glossed over for fear lest eign missions as revealed by the field adverse criticism have a bad effect on workers of the Institute of Social and givers at home. The h()me constitu- Religious Research, and to prepare a ency must feel assured that the in- report based on these preliminary vestigation will be honest at all costs studies and on the experience of the and that the full report of the Com- Commission in the Far East. The mission will be published. Mission purpose of the Inquiry is to evaluate boards will be expected to act on the the activities of missions in India, recommendations without fear or China and Japan, to note the effect of favor.

missions on the life of Orientals, and The subjects of inquiry by this to work out a practical present-day Commission may well include answers missionary program. to the following questions: The Commission is made up of care- 1. Have Christian missions, as confully selected business and profes- ducted today, as their main objective, sional men and three women-there the purpose for which they were origmight have been more women. They inally established-to make Christ and His salvation known to all people? are supposed to conduct an unprejudiced, honest, thorough and friendly 2. Which forms of mission work are investigation of the way missionary most effective in ~inning men to intelli- gent, open and whole-hearted allegiance work is being conducted, the use of to Christ? mission funds, the type of mission- (le3a. dWinghatmendefinintiote hasrmpiorintyualwitrhesGulotds 'through Christ) are evident in medical, aries most effective and the real re- educational, industrial, social and preachsuIts of Protestant missionary effort.

In view of the changes that have ing4. wForrokm? the standpoint of Christian evangelism, is too large a proportion of taken place in mission lands in the time, money and personnel devoted to inpa·st twenty-five years, and in view of some hasty criticisms made by trav- stitutional work? elers, it is time that such an inquiry was made on the field. The value of 5. Are interdenominational mISSIon ctioalnlegmesissainodnaurnyivaegresnictiieess?effective Christhe findings of the Commissioners will be in proportion to their understand- 6. Are government subsidies and union ing of the true objective and spirit of with government institutions a help or a Christian missions, the thoroughness hindrance to mission schools and hosof their study and the fearlessness, pit7a. lAs-rferosmhorat mteirsmsiomniasrsyiopnoairnyt otefavciheewr?s and doctors effective missionaries?

762

TOPICS O}' THE TIMES

8. What is the result of sending to the tute, Dr. John R. Mott, of New York, field men and women who have doubts Mr. Kenneth Maclennan and Mr. F. H. as to the authority and truth of the Bi- Hawkins of London. ble and the unique supremacy of Christ or who have not the primary objective of Many of the Commissioners, their winning non-Christians to Christ? wives, and secretarial staff sailed from New York on September 29th, and ex- 9. Spiritually and evangelically what pect to spend the latter part of Ocis the effect of large proportions of non- tober, November, December, and Jan- Christian students and of non-Christian uary, in India. The party will then teachers in mission schools and colleges? proceed to China and Japan. The re- sults of the Inquiry are to be published 10. How can workers and money be and are expected to afford the laymen used more effectively to accomplish the of America a basis for deciding inpurpose for which Christ came to earth telligently upon their personal relaand for which He commissioned His dis- tionship and responsibility to the misciples? sionary enterprise.

11. How can the Church at home be Without doubt the Commissioners kept in closer and more sympathetic will study the subject honestly, sympatouch with the work and the workers on thetically and intelligently. They need the field?

12. How much autonomy should be given to missions and National Churches; what relation has autonomy to self-support?

The denominations participating in the earnest prayers and cooperation of this Inquiry include the Presbyterian all Christians at home and on the for- Church in the U. S. A., the Dutch Re- eign field in their difficult task. Above formed Church in America, the United all they need spiritual insight and the Presbyterian, the Methodist Episcopal, guidance of God to clarify their vision the Congregational, the Protestant and their judgments.

Episcopal, and the Northern Baptist.

The Commissioners are: China's Catastrophe Dr. William Ernest Hocking, Chairman, Alford Professor of Philosophy at Deluge, de,struction, death, pesti- Harvard University, and Mrs. Hocking. lence and plague are some of the terms Dr. Clarence A. Barbour, President of used to describe the recent destruc- Brown University. Edgar H. Betts of Troy, N. Y. tion in China by devastating floods. Dr. ArIo A. Brown, President of Drew If one would apprehend the disaster University, Madison, N. J. that has befallen that land and peo- Dr. Charles Phillips Emerson, Profes- ple, we must recall that central eastern sor of Medicine and Dean of the Medical School of the University of Indiana. China is a vast delta, the surface soil of which has been carried down dur- Dr. Henry S. Houghton, Dean of the Medical College of the University of ing the centurie,s by the two great Iowa. Dr. Rufus M. Jones, Professor of rivers, the Yellow from the north and Philosophy at Haverford College. the Yangtse from the west. Here and Dr. William Pierson Merrill, pastor there are low ranges of hills sloping of the Brick Church in New York. toward the sea, but in the main, all Albert L. Scott of New York City. is a vast plain extending in places a Mr. and Mrs. Harper Sibley of Rochester, N. Y. thousand miles westward from the Yellow Sea and hundreds of miles Dr. Henry C. Taylor, Burlington, Vt. . Miss Woodsmall, Y. W. C. A. Executive. from north to south. The surface be- Dr. Frederick C. Woodward, Dean of tween is so level that the Chinese the Faculties of the University of Chicago. engineers found it possible centuries ago to dig the Grand Canal across the With the Commissioners at Lake country from the one great river to Mohonk were the Directors of the In- the other, thus forming a strategic in- quiry representing the seven partici- land waterway for the transportation pating denominations, Directors of the of rice and other commodities. It is Institute of Social and Religious Re- this widespread region, the roost pop- search, the field workers of the Insti- ulous in China, that is largely sub-

merged today. A semiofficial dis- constant wars of recent year·s these patch from Nanking, states that have frequently been left unrepaired. "50,000,000 persons in sixteen prov- This year the great Yangtse rose inces are in distress or adversely af- above its former highest recorded fected" by the disaster. mark of 50 feet 5 inches and poured its sediment laden waters pitilessly Midsummer is naturally the rainy upon the populace, especially in the season in the region and the month of congested centres of the poor. Soon July was this year unprecedentedly consternation and calamity were hot. Thermometers for weeks regis- everywhere rampant. Some recalling tered well over the hundred mark and former year·s thought to stem the flood in some sections reached 107 degrees by taking refuge upon beds and tables. in the shade. The rains were torren- That proving inadequate, they retial; cloud-bursts were frequent and moved to the small lofts or out upon thunder, lightning and deluge ran on the roofs, only to find the inexorable intermittantly for days and nights. waters still following. Then slowly foundations settled, the mud walls The result was that the rivers rose gave way and the unfortunates after and overflowed their banks, backing enduring hours of blistering sun or up the waters in numerous tribu- the pelting of the storm, were hurled taries, spreading dire disaster. The helples·sly into the depths below. Yellow River is reported to have risen in places eighty-five feet, causing her The majority, however, more fortubanks to crumble as rarely before, nately warned, made their way to the while the Yangtse attained to levels embankments and there found safety. unknown since the 40's and 60's of last The best of these proved to be the century. elevated roadbed of the Hankow- Peiping railway line. Along this they The Yellow River, being largely un- filed in endless procession dragging navigable has few cities along its with them their children and the few course, so that the destruction there possessions salvaged from the destruchas been chiefly sustained by smaller tion of their homes, until it is estitowns, villages and widespread rural mated a quarter of a million unfortuareas. The Yangtse, on the contrary, nates were huddled along its sides is navigable for sea-going craft from and surface. Even then the margin the coast to Hankow, some six hun- of safety was small and at one time dred miles inland and f.or steamers of only a narrow six inches stood besmaller size far into the interior. tween them and destruction. Scores of great cities, such as Shanghai, Nan kin g, Hankow, Ichang, Hankow is a treaty port and has Chungking, and innumerable towns British, French, Russian, German and line its shores, so that it may be Japanese settlements. These suffered readily realized what inundation in less, being on somewhat higher ground such an area must mean. and more adequately protected by dykes and pumps. Yet even in the The situation at Hankow may well British quarter all was inundated and serve as illustration. We think of it ·communication was chiefly by small as one city, but it is really three, Han- sanpans, the people living upstairs in kow proper to the west, at the mouth their houses and making entrance and of the Han River, Hanyang its twin exit not infrequently by their upstair city on the east side, and the great windows and balconies. Under such capital, Wuchang, just across the conditions the plight in the native Yangtse to the south. The population quarters was appalling. There semiclustered there runs into the millions. stagnant water after a time covered all to the tops of the tile roofed homes Floods having occurred periodically while all about floated straw and reffor generations, native governors have use, wooden utensils and bits of furconstructed what they thought to be adequate defenses by erecting sea walls and cross dykes, but owing to the

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

niture, and in the midst of the flotsam been seeking stability through civil and jetsam, the now risen and decay- strife. Their ancient gods have ing carcasses of pigs and poultry, proved powerless and they have not dogs, cats and rats, and the bloated yet learned the way of Christ in time bodies of the unfortunate. Salvaging of trouble. Let American Christians squads went to and fro constantly in help China-generously and unselfish- boats seeking to remove some but who ly-proving that there is a better way could adequately cope with such swift and a better spirit than that of Bol- and swelling disaster! shevism and that God not atheism There is no one in many cases left shows the way to life and truth and to tell of the catastrophes that befell. brotherhood.

Others surviving tell the usual at- tempts to climb to the roofs as the Remember the Missionaries floods rose, or the mad clamor for lofts in local temples and the slowly Probably no Christians experience crumbling mud walls surrounding the 'voluntarily "the joy of doing without" village-then one by one or in groups as generally as do the missionaries on the frontiers. A visit to the homes of the end came. A traveller by one of the last trains many in the southern mountains, on that made its way from Peiping to the western plains, in the interior Nanking, tells of the express crawling towns of China, Korea, Japan, Burma, through the' last two hundred miles Siam, India, Mesopotamia and the Isof its course while on both sides so lands of the Sea revealed the courage far as the eye could see lay nothing and cheer with which miSSionaries forego innumerable comforts and consave a waste of waters. Here and veniences which we in America have there tops of houses, window arches come to look upon as necessities. In or trees emerged, or a floating straw many case-s these comforts that would roof on which hens perched as a last add to health and efficiency are not obrefuge. The track itself was lined tainable in the country of their adopmile after mile with forlorn groups, tion; more often the cost is prohibiclinging, crying pitifully, or sitting tive for a missionary's salary supplies stolidly amid a few quilts, pots and little more than the bare cost of living. children, awaiting what the fates may We saw many of them wearing old bring. Already some 500,000 have clothes, using old and worn out furdied as a result of the flood. nishings, enjoying few books and al- most no magazines, able to take few A staggering catastrophe indeed, rest periods and saving in every way and this to one of 'our neighbors! to give their children an education and There will assuredly be vast need for health advantages. foodstuffs, building material and all the welfare work which the modern world can command. Now is the time to remember our JAMES L. STEWART. home and foreign missionaries for What Shall We Do ~ Christmas. No one who has not been away from home and intimate friends Now is the time for America, with for several years can imagine the its surplus of wealth and abundant heart-warming joy with which these crops, to prove a friend to China. absentees at the front receive mes- The 400,000,000 of that great land sages and other remembrances from have always been poor. Recently, friends at home. These gifts seem to war, banditry, famine and plague have bridge the chasm and put a new glow brought additional sorrows. No won- into life.

der the impoverished people listened Most of those interested in Chris- to Russia and believed that Bolshevism tian missions have ·s·ome friends or might prove a way out of their diffi- correspondents on the field. Many culties. They were misled and have churches have their own representa-

tives and are nDt content with merely Mission Board if you are in doubt. a formal and cDrpDrate remembrance. Study the field and the needs and taste Now is the time tD prepare and send of the ones tD whom you send. Pack cards, letters and gifts tD these ab- carefully but do not seal and mark sent, self-sacrificing workers. They "Gift-not to be opened until Christare not CDmplaining of hardship; they mas." are nDt alone but they deeply appreciate the clasp of a friendly hand frDm Above all write a lDving word of across the land Dr sea. Here are a greeting and remember the missionfew suggestions for Christmas gifts: aries and their wDrk in prayer-un- derstanding, sympathetic prayer. This 1. MDney fDr their own needs Dr they value above all. for their work. Many take from their meager salaries to make up for cuts Bondage and Freedom in appropriations. TWD hundred millions of our human 2. BDoks and magazines-only the brothers and ·sisters are bound by the best and mDst whDlesDme-not modern fetters of caste. Millions of them are trash. BiDgraphy, classics, recreation- in the chains of poverty, ignorance, al reading, SDme serious and inspira- superstitiDn, degradation, social ostratiDnalliterature; good children's bDoks cism-this is the effect of modern and bDDks Dn child training. Hinduism.

3. Things that WDmen appreciate One hundred and fifty million are and find it hOard tD prDcure in out-Df- under the pall of a hDpeless pessimism the-way places-handkerchiefs, scarfs, that is permeated with atheism. They aprons, stockings, stationery, etc. seek peace through negation; they seek release through extinction. This 4. Things for the horne-table and is the fruit of Buddhism. bed linen, soap, rugs, pins and sewing kits, throw-downs, bureau scarfs, pic- Two hundred million are in bondage tures, etc. to fatalism. They conceive God as an oriental pDtentate and their religion is 5. Gifts for children-toys, dDlls, a mixture of idealism and materialism, garnes, books, pictures, and apprDpri- Df law and lust, of faith and blind fate. ate clothing, caps, ribbons, etc. This is the product Df Islam.

6. Gifts for men-fDuntain pens, Three hundred million are chained magazine-pencils, ties, handkerchiefs, tD the dead past and to a superstitious kit of tDols. fear of the spirits of the dead. They have law without a gDspel, ethics with- 7. Mi·scellaneDus – cDlored picture out life and love-such is the fruit of rolls, pictures, attractive Christmas Confucianism. and Easter cards that can be used, scrapboDks fDr hospitals and for nur- One hundred and fifty million are series, kindergarten supplies, music, kept in bondage by fear of evil spirits. victrola and records, typewriter, ther- They are ignDrant and unenlightened, mos bottles and jugs (unbreakable), enslaved to fetiches, witch-dDctDrs and bags and traveling conveniences, new superstition. This is the prDduct of cloth, seeds. Animism.

Remember to send these gifts and All men, Df every race and tribe messages in ample time tD reach re- and natiDn are under bDndage to sincipients before Christmas-send at unless they have been set free. least six weeks or tWD months or more in advance for fDreign lands and tWD Christ Jesus came to set everyone weeks for American pDints by mail- free from sin, fear, superstitution and longer by freight or express. hatred. He has brought light to en- lighten the world; He has made it Address clearly and accurately and pDssible to break the bonds of sin, has declare the value. Fully prepay and, opened spiritual prisons and stricken if gifts are dutiable, send money to the off fetters of evil. He has given purity missionaries tD pay the duty. Ask the

for lust; faith for fear, and love for Commander Evangeline Booth, of malice. the Salvation Army, recalls the time when they spent Saturday nights pick- "If the Son shall make you free, ye ing up hundreds of drunks on the Bowshall be free indeed." Have we been ery in New York. Now there are set free? If so, it is that we may help comparatively few. The temptation is to free others by making Christ and taken away from thousands of weak His salvation known to them. men and women, who do not wish to be besotted. Has Prohibition Failed? "Wash One Another's Feet" Harold H. Kelley, of the Seaman's Church Institute in Los Angeles, who "Did Jesus mean these words literhas spent most of his life in work on ally?" asks the Rev. H. J. Sheets, in the waterfront, says: The Indian Witness. The ceremony is practiced, in a formal way, annu- "My experience, assures me that dry ally, in Jerusalem by officials of the law observance and enforcement is im- Greek Orthodox Church, by the Arproving. I carried papers on the wa- menian Church with silver pitchers terfront in San Francisco in the 'gay and basins, by the old Syrian Church nineties' and knew the saloons and and by the Roman Catholic Church in· rampant drunkenness thoroughly. San Italy. These rites are a commemo- Pedro, port of Los Angeles, was tor- ration but are not in obedience to the merly notorious among seafaring men Spirit gf Christ's command. Mr. as the toughest small port on the coast. Sheets gives a very suggestive in- Drunks were everywhere, saloons were terpretation proposed by an Indian many and wide open, and it was re- Christian preacher. Mr. Sheets says: puted unsafe for a lady to venture near the docks alone. We are safe and At the close of a Sunday morning sane here now. service a Brahman said to me, "What you preach is very good. I too have "Our institute receives about 500 learned to respect and even love your visits per day from merchant seamen. Yisu Masih (Jesus Christ.) But why. Frequently several days will pass with don't you do what He did? Startled I no man entering intoxicated, and five lifted up my eyes to the picture to which drunks a day would surprise us. Even he was pointing. It depicted Jesus washthat would be only one per cent. Sel- ing the feet of His disciples. dom does one see a drunken person. This despite the fact that about 30,000 Before I could reply, the Indian pastor merchant seamen enter this port each turned to the Brahman with the words, month, and that about half of each "Baboo Ji, that's exactly what we are year the United States battIe tIeet with doing. You say you Brahmans, the about 15,000 men is based here. A priestly class, sprang from the head of uniformed service man intoxicated is the Creator, that the Kshattri, the wara rarity nowadays, whereas navy tra- rior class, sprang from his arms, that dition has it that in the old saloon days the Vaishya, the merchant class, sprang it was normal for twenty per cent of from his waist, and that the Sudra, the those returning aboard from shore low-caste, untouchable, sprang from his leave to be drunk. feet? We are working among this last class and by our teaching, our healing, "The decade since the 18th amend- we are cleansing the low caste, body, ment was adopted shows immense im- mind and soul, and thus are washing the provement. A new generation is grow- feet of India." ing up which never saw a saloon. Very few of 'our younger seamen are drink- The preacher continued, "And Baboo ing. Eighty-five per cent of the wa- Ji, the day is coming when you will terfront drinking here is accomplished look upon India's 'feet' and find them so by about thirty "repeaters" known to clean, that you too will turn to Jesus and the police. They are virtually bums." like Peter, cry out, 'Lord, not my feet only, but also my hands and my head.'''

The example of Jesus lay not in the form of the act, but in the spirit which prompted it. It is the principle of self- sacrificing service which is involved.

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

THE STRANGER WITHIN THY GATES By HALLADAY WOODS, PH.D., Ridgewood, N. J.

MISSION STUDY COURSE ON THE RURAL FIELDS OF THE NATIONAL MISSION BOARDS THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDERS people using a single sheet tears or soils it. Cards stand up bet- OBJECT: To awaken interest in and ter and are more easily handled. give information about the The material referred to on the Southern Highlanders in Amer- cards is displayed on the tables, ica and so to lead to an apprecia- one for fiction, one for magazine tion and support of the work articles, etc. Material should be done by the National Mission clearly marked whether it is to be Boards in that field. used in the room or to be taken out on library cards. LENGTH OF THE COURSE: Three meet- ings. Card Number One~General Books: TYPE OF THE COURSE: Three divisions: 1. Preliminary Period C: "The Southern Highlander and His Homeland," by John C. Cambell To arouse interest and give a (Russell Sage Foundation, 1921).* background for the study pe- riods. K: "Our Southern Highlanders," by Horace Kephar (Outing Pub. Co., Starts one month previous to the 1923) . following periods. HC: "Folk Songs of the South," by John 2. Study Period Harrington Cox (Harvard Univer- sity Press, 1925). Forum discussions on the prob- lems in the field. J: "Highways and Byways," by Clifton Johnson (Macmillan, 1904). Three discussion periods of fifty minutes each. Card Number Two: 3. Lecture Period The Home of the Southern High- landers- Lectures or slides or moving pic- tures on the way in which this Map C: Pg. 12. problem is being met by the Church Boards. Location- C: 10; 19. DETAILED ANALYSIS OF THE THREE K: 50; 53; 354. PERIODS. Regional description- 1. Preliminary Period C: 335; 348.

LIBRARY MATERIAL: Climate- K: 71-72; 217-219. C: 243.

TraveI- K: 14; 24-27; 196; 299.

Arrangements are made in the local The Southern Highlanders- library for a table or roam to be Origin- reserved for the members of the K: 16-18; 145-152; 211; 379-380. class. Here the following infor- C: 23; 56; 71.

mation is mounted on cards. We • 'rho initials in front of the title will be the suggest cards, for the number of ~:ltelret~~~d~: which that book is referred to on 768

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Poor Whites- "Kentucky Experiment in Reading"; K: 356-359. Library Journal, 50: 954, November J: 96-120. 15, 1925. Mountain Highlanders- "Heredity"; Atlantic, 144: 349, Septem- K: 360-377. J: 121-146. ber, 1929. "Buncombe County's Excellent Work for Types and classes- C: 86-89. Adult Illiterates"; School Life, 12: 176, May, 1927. Population- "My Little Learning": Atlantic, 135: C: 79-81. 749, June, 1925.

Language– Religion- C: 144-147. K: 276. K: 266-273. American Speech As Practised in C: 176; 189. Highlands; Century Magazine, 117: 617-623, March, 1929. Churches– Elizabethan America; A t I ant i c C: 188-194; 152-172. Monthly, 144: 238-244, August, 1929. Backwoods Morality- Outlook, 151: 65, January 9, 1929. Prohibition- Outlook, 146: 1384, July 20, 1927, and Card Number Three: 150: 1350, December 19, 1928. Colliers, 77: 10, May 22, 1926, and Short Stories on the People (from A rnerican Mercury, 12: 431-434, De- magazines) – cember, 1927. "River Road"; Atlantic, 143: 452-461, Present Conditions- April, 1929. K: 188-190; 380-395. "Shady Cove'" Atlantic 145: 205-221, C: 244; 300-322. February, '1930. "Change Comes to the Appalachians"; '

Current History, 31: 961-967, Feb- "Shame"; Bookman, 70: 374-384, Decem- ruary, 1930. "Southern Mountaineers, Past, Present, ber, 1929. and Future"; MISSIONARY REVIEW, "Valley Folks"; Atlantic, 143: 646-653, 51: 198, March, 1928. May, 1929. Education- "Down Yan"; Mentor, 16: 33, August, C: 260; 264-298. "Clinic the Neighbors Built"; Survey, 1928. "Snake Night Up Posey Holler"; At- 64: 73, April 15, 1930. lantic, 142: 309-316, September, 1928. "How a Possum Starts a School"; Lit- Short Stories and Novels- erary Digest, 102: 22-23, September John Fox 28, 1929. "Overcoming the Will of God in the Ken- "Little Shepherd of Kingdom Come." tucky Mountains"; Hygeia, 8: 539- 541, June, 1930. "The Kentuckians." "Affairs on Turkey Knob"; Hygeia, 8: "The Heart of the Hills." 119-122, February, 1930. "Christmas Eve on Lonesome" (The .Last "Public Works"; Survey, 62: 476, Aug- ust 1, 1929. Stetsom and the Pardon of Becky "V{)cational Education in the Southern Day). Mountains"; Education, 50: 429, March, 1930. Charles Egbery Craddock (Miss "What a Possum Brought to Dark Hol- Murfee) low"; Litm'ary Digest, 104: 26, March 15, 1930. ' "In the Tennessee Mountains." "Health Project on Yan Side of the "The Prophet of the Great Smoky Moun- Mountain"; Hygeia, 4: 7-10, Jan- uary, 1926. tain." "Nurse on Horse Back"; l'Vornan's Jour- "The Juggler!' nal, 13: 5-7, February, 1928, and Literary Digest, 96; 29, March 31, Ellen Glasgow 1928. "Story of Buckhorn Kentucky"; MIS- "Barren Ground." SIONARY REVIEW, 49: 538, July, 1926. "Moonlight Lady"; Pictorial Review, Alice MacGowan 25: 5-7, January, 1926. "Judith of the Cumberlands." 4 2. Study Period FORUM DISCUSSIONS: Small groups under leader. It is advisable to give the leader a list of 20 to 25 individuals to whom he can give assignments. The more people who have some part in the work the

greater the interest will be. But no WORK AMONG SOANDINAVIAN assignment should be more than five minutes. A long paper given by one SETTLEMENTS person on any part of the field will kill the discussion. Three- or four- Card Number One: minute reports on the customs, the langtiage, etc., and then a digest of History and Description*: these reports by the leader to form the basis for discussion. NORWAY If possible, have several small "Norway," Hammer. gro;ups rather than one large one. "History of the Norwegian People," This enables the members of the group to have a common interest. For ex- Gjerset. ample, a group of the men and of the "Things Seen in Norway," Hammer. women and of the young people would "Norway," Gathorne Hardy. have different lines of approach. We "The Story of Norway," Hjalmar Borjelist a group of discussion for two classes. One for the men and one for son. the women. "Norwegian Towns and Villages," R. M.

GROUP NUMBER ONE-WOMEN: McBride. "Norway Jungman," Beatrix (good for First Meeting- pictures of Norway). The Land and the People- "Norway and the Norwegians," Geo- The Location of the Southern High- lands. graphic Magazine, 45: 647-696, June, The Origin of the People: Georgia 1924. Crackers; Poor Whites; Southern Highlanders; Mill Folk. SWEDEN Second Meeting- "Book About Sweden," Asbrink. "History of Sweden," Hallendorf. The Character of the People: "Sweden," Heathcote. Language, customs, home life, position "Wayfarer in Sweden," Whyte. of women. "Swedish Scenery"; Mentor Magazine, Third Meeting<- 17: 23-32, April, 1929. "Swedish Nation"; Fortune, 130: 719- Ethical standards. Churches and church schools. 720, November, 1928. Educational work. "Soul of Sweden"; Living Age, 334: 119- Present conditions and needs. 127, January 5, 1928. GROUP NUMBER Two-MEN: "Bounty of Sweden"; Dial, 77: 181-199, First Meeting- September, 1924. "Land of Selma Lagerloff"; Living Age, The Changing South- Industrial condition as it affects the 319: 40-42, October 6, 1923. Southern Highlander. Cotton, agriculture, lumber. Card Number Two: Second Meeting- The Life and Character of the Peo- ple- Latent Possibilities in the Highlands. State and Federal Grants. NORWAY Educational Problems. "Aspects 9f Norwegian Life"; Travel, Third Meeting- 40: 5-9, February, 1923.

My Brother's Keeper- "Children of Loneliness"; Survey, 36: Our obligation to this group in Amer- 567-571, September 2, 1916. ica. My Brother's Keeper, "Am I? Moral- "Norway and the Norwegians"; Geo- ity says, Yes. Good manners say, graphic Magazine, 45: 647-696, June, No. What shaH we say?" 1924.

"Norwegian at Home"; Illustrated World, 38: 540-544, December, 1922.

"The Growth of the Soil and Hunger," by Hamsun (apotheosis of hus- bandry).

"Kristin Lavransdatter," Undset (me- direval life).

• If the local library does not have the books listed It Is possIble to secure their loan through the Congressional or State Library. The more books on the one subject that are available, the less possibility will there be of one book being in use and so that particular field closed for further reading. If you have aroused the interest of a p~rson enough to get him to the library to look for a book, it Is advisable to have enough copies on the subject so that he wlll read further.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

"The Son Avenger," Undset (rural life). "Norsemen'in America and at Home"; "Peace," Garborg (every-day life). Review of Reviews, 73: 175-178, Feb- "The People of Juvik and the Trough of ruary, 1926.

the Wave," Garborg (peasant life), "Heirs to the Vikings in America" (char- "The Last of the Vikings," Bojer (fisher- acter of the first immigrants); Cur- rent History Magazine, New York men a few decades ago). Times, 23: 616, 1925, (good). "The Immigrants," Bojer (the character "And West Is West" (Norwegians in of the pioneer immigrants). United States); Saturday Evening Post, 196: 12-13, March 15, 1924. SWEDEN "And East Is East Sweden in U. S."; "Wayfarer in Sweden," Whyte. Saturday Evening Post, 196: 6-7, "National Life in Swedish Literature"; February 23, 1924.

Nation, 106: 342-343, March 28, 1918. "Swedes in U. S."; Literary Digest, "Swedish Life and Character"; Mentor, 60: 34, January 25, 1919.

.17: 23-32, April, 1929. "Swedish Protest from Seattle"; Nation, "Sweden's Royal Family"; Mentor, 17: 108: 719, May 3, 1919.

33-35, April, 1929. "America Through Swedish Glasses" ; "Soul of Sweden"; Living Age, 334: Ind., 118: 484; May 7, 1927.

119-127, January 5, 1928. "Norwegians in U. S."; Literary Digest, "Swedish Nation"; Fortune, 130: 719- 60: 39, February 8, 1919.

720, November, 1928. "Norway's Contribution in Education"; "At Court of King Gustaf" (the social Edueation, 45: 513-522, May, 1925.

life and customs); Pictorial Review, "Background of Swedish Immigration"; 32: 17, April, 1931. A merican History Review, 31: 708- "Sweden, Land of Democracy"; Living 723, July, 1926. Age, 323: 670-673, June 27, 1925. "The Wonderful Adventure of Nils," "The Swedes Among Us"; American Lagerlof (for the life of Sweden). Mercury, 8: 9-13, May, 1926. "Jerusalem," Lagerlof (for peasant of Dalecarlia) . "New York Versus Stockholm"; Living "God's Orchid," Bergman, Hjalmar (life Age, 329: 685, June 26, 1926. in a small town), "Peter Egge," Solstad Hansins (more The Scandinavian in America – recent peasant novel). Novels Card Number Three: "Pure Gold," "Peder Victorious," "Giants Scandinavian Literature– of the Earth," Rolvaag.

"Scandinavian Literature," Larsen (a "Red Rust," Canon, J. C. good outline). "So Big," Ferber.

"Best Books in English on Norway"; 1. Preliminary Period Library Journal, 55: 176, February 15, 1930 (very good). POSTER MATERIAL: Four Norwegian novelists-Bojer, Gar- Posters to arouse interest in bory, Hamsun, Knick. Scandinavians- "Norway's Best Stories," Larsen, Ham- rna Astrip (editor). The following firms will supply posters free or for a nominal charge: "Swedish Best Stories," Larsen, Hamma Astrip (editor). NORWAY: "Swedish Drama," Strindberg. Norwegian American Line, 22 White- "Swedish Poetry," Sotrk, C. W. hall St., New York City. Jacob "Drama in Norway"; Living Age Maga- Steffens.

zine, 334: 86, July, 1928. SWEDEN: "National Life in Swedish Literature"; Swedish State Railways, 551 Fifth Nat ion Magazine, 106: 342-343, Avenue, New York City. March 28, 1918. "Swedish Novelists," Undset, Lagerlof. Swedish American Line, 21 State St., "Science, Art and Literature"; Mentor, New York City. 11 : 38-40, April, 1923. 2. Study Period Card Number Four: FORUM DISCUSSIONS Scandinavians in America – Maga- Group Number One-Women First Meeting; zines The Scandinavians at home– "The Marriage of Nations"; Review of The history of the countries. Reviews, 79: 78, May, 1929. The character of the people and their literature. "Vikings of the Middle West" (by Rol- vaag; very good); American Maga- zine, 108: 44-47, October, 1929.

Second Meeting: partment, General Council Presby- The Scandinavian~ at home con- terian Church in U. S. A., 156 Fifth tinued and the emigration to Avenue, New York City. Arne rica- Social and religious life of the Lecture No. ZZN, "To Keep America people in America. Christian," 65 slides, illustrating all Cause and date of immigration; phases of the work of National Mis- type of pioneer. sions.

Third Meeting: Lecture No. 27N, "Landmarks and Cor- The Scandinavian in America- ner.stones." How National Missions The settlement in Arne ric a; grew up. States settled. The social and religious life in Lecture No. 18N, "At Work with the America. Immigrant." The Old World back- Their contribution to American grounds from which the immigrant life. has come; of his new life in Amer- Their needs and problems. ica.

Group Number Two-Men Lecture No. 6N, "The Little Towns and the Open Country." Rural life as First Meeting: a whole; the problems it presents; The Melting Pot- the relation of the church to every- Emigration to U. S. The Quota. day life of the people. Northern and Southern Euro- peans. Material for general lectures: Second Meeting: Article, "Home Missions and the Modern The Farmers of the Middle West. World," by Carl Wallace Petty. The Farm Party, Past and Present. Given at the National Home Mis- sions Congress and published by Third Meeting: Council of Women for Home Mis- The Farmers of the Middle West sions and the Missionary Education (continued) . Movement, New York City. The Farm Party, Present and Fu- ture. The following chapters from "The Ad- ventures of Mr. Friend," by Harold 3. Third Period-General Lecture Hunting: A Square Deal for Apple Growers, The Church and World Suggested material: Farmers. Stereopticon lectures can be obtained The following chapters from "God and from the Central Distributing De- the Census," by Robert McLean: The Church and the Community, The Fight for Civic Righteousness, There Had to Be Schools, -The Church and Bread and Butter, Why Does the Enterprise Lag, This Means Me.

A SERIES OF WORSHIP SERVIOES* (In Outline) For Missionary Meetings on Rural Peoples and Problems (For Young People or Adults) Arranged by Mrs. Myron S. Collins, Editorial Sponsor of The Kappa Phi Candle Bewm, Morgantown, W. Va.

JESUS AND NATURE But one-but on~h Son most dear, Where he could feed and comfort many And perfect image of the Love Unseen, a guest. Walked every day in pastures green And all his life the quiet waters by With him the lily shared Reading their beauty with a tranquil eye. The real joy that breathes itself in To Him the desert was a place prepared bloom; For weary hearts to rest; And every bird that sang beside the nest The hillside was a temple blest, Told of the love that broods o'er every The grassy vale a banquet room living thing. • Poem upon which the series is based – to be read at first serVice and in part, fit least, He watched the shepherd bring at succeeding meetings. His flock at sundown to the welcome fold, The fisherman at daybreak fling His net across the waters gray and cold

METHODS FOR WORKERS

And all day long the patient reaper Unison prayer for use with this swing Series: His curving sickle through the harvest Our Heavenly Father, Father of gold. Christ, help us to walk with nature as did Christ. May our hearts be. as his. So through the world the foot path way open and ready to draw from her our refreshment from the irritations of life he trod. and our invigoration to meet future ones. Let our eyes like His. see her beauty and Breathing the air of heaven in every the great goodness and power in the changing seasons, in the early dawn, in breath; the glorious sunset, in the night under the silent stars, in the day with its rich And in the evening sacrifice of death gifts of color, fragrance, and song. Give us Christ's capacity for joy in life and Beneath the open sky he gave his soul to grant us the power to pass on to others God. his message of gladness. Amen. -Henry van Dyke. JESUS AND RURAL PEOPLES Subjects for a Series on "Jesus and Nature" : Verse from poem, picturing three types of rural folk; 1. The Sea– Walked-"All his life the quiet "He watched the shepherd bring waters by His flock at sundown to the welcome Reading their beauty with a tran- fold, quil eye." Ref.-Matt. 13: 1-3; Mark 4: 1. The fisherman at daybreak fling His net across the waters gray and 2. The Desert- cold "To him the desert was a place prepared And all day long the patient reaper For weary hearts to rest." swing Ref.-Matt. 4: 1-11; Mark 1: 35. His curving sickle through the har- 3. Hills and Mountains- vest gold."

"The hillside was a temple blest." 1. JESUS AND THE SHEPHERD Ref.-Luke 6: 12; Matt. 5: 1-2. (See fuller outline) 4. Valleys- "He watched the shepherd bring "The grassy vale a banquet room His flock at sundown to the welcome Where he could feed and comfort fold." Ref.-Luke 2: 8-20; Luke 15: 1-7; many a guest." Matt. 25: 31-46. Ref.-Mark 6: 35-46. Songs- 5. F~owers- "Saviour, Like a Shepherd Lead Us." "With him the lily shared -Psalm 23. The real joy that breathes itself in "The King of Love My Shepherd Is." bloom." –John 10: 16. Ref.-Matt. 6: 24-34. "The Lord Is My Shepherd."-Matt.9: 6. Birds- 36.

"And every bird that sang beside Solo–"The Ninety and Nine."-Matt. the nest 10: 1-7.

Told of the love that broods o'er Paintings- every living thing." "The Good Shepherd" and others. Ref.-Matt. 6: 24-34. Stories, etc.- Songs appropriate for this Series: "Katrina's Good Shepherd." "Fairest Lord Jesus." The Indian's 23d Psalm. "For the Beauty of the Earth"-especial- Short talks- ly first two verses. "This Is My Father's World." Shepherd Peoples of Today-Where "Song of Galilee." They Are Located-Their Needs. "Into the Woods My Master Went." "Trees"-Kilmer. How Missions Can Help to Meet These "All Things Bright and Beautiful." Needs. "God of the Earth, the Sky, and the Sea." "The Spacious Firmament on High." "When Morning Gilds the Skies."

2. JESUS AND THE FISHERMEN PROMPTNESS it reads: are you always on time, "He watched- The fisherman at daybreak fling Are you ready your duties to do? His net across the waters gray and cold." Or are you so tired-so ready to shirk? Ref.-Matt. 4: 17-22; Mark 1: 16-18; Is laziness your only sin? Matt. 13: 47-50. Then-stop-read the guidepost, "Be Songs- ready–on time"

"Peace, Be Still." And help us with promptness to win. "Let the Lower Lights Be Burning." "Dear Lord and Father of Mankind." Behold the third guidepost, GOOD CHEER it may read Puintings- Just reading the words makes one Zimmerman's "Christ and the Fisher- glad; man" and others. Do you do with good cheer what you're 3. JESUS AND THE FARMER asked to do here; Watched-UAll day long the patient Are you willing and happy to lead? reaper swing Or are you so sad and ready to groan His curving sickle through the harvest And critical of all who take part? gold." Then-stop-read the guidepost, "Be Ref.-Mark 2: 23; Matt. 13: 1-23. cheerful, be brave"· Songs- And strive on with gladness of heart.

"We Plow.the Fields and Scatter." We reach the next guidepost and FAITH- "Bringing in the Sheaves." FULNESS see "Far and Near the Fields Are Teem- And reading, our thoughts run on thus, ing." Are you following on to do the Lord's Ref.-Matt. 13: 24-30 and 36-43; Mark will 4: 26-29. Do you still "carryon" while you Puintings- trust?

"The Gleaner." Or are you so weak-afraid you may "The Angelus," etc. fail, Stories- With the spirit of hope very faint? Then stop-read the guidepost–consider Ruth-May be dramatized from the Scripture. the goal And remember the giver of strength. "The Angelus." The next guidepost SERVICE looms now AN IDEAL SOCIETY into sight By MRS. S. M. HAZLETT, Hustis, Fla. Ask yourself what you can give: Time, talents and money, yea, and your- An ideal society is one that will go Upward and onward each day; self Can be spared to help others live. With hearts full of love and eyes that can see Or are you so happy in pleasing yourself And just a few friends whom you All the guideposts along the way. reach?

We come to a guidepost of MOTIVE in Then stop-read the guidepost and get sight His command Ah! what is your motive, I pray? "Go unto all nations and teach." Did you join us for love of the cause we Look long on this guidepost-the guide- uphold: post of PRAYER For the Christ whom you strive io And Oh! what a help it can be; obey? For with it one enters that circle of love Or are you the one who puts self in the And all other perfections see. way, It helps us in motive to be what we Who wants just to be counted in? should Then, turn, read the guidepost, "Go– And leads us each day to improve; love-preach-pray" Then stop-read this guidepost and ask- And help with true motive to win. ing for strength We journey along, true motive is ours; Go upward and onward in love. But what means this next post to you? Note: ~Iake the guideposts out of white bristol board. Completely cover each with a different shade of cheesecloth; uncover as each 1s referred to. This is effective for l~e on "New Members' Day."

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Council of Women for Home Missions FWRENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America BOOKS FOR THE PHILIPPINES new plan of building libraries fQr the BY FLORENCE G. TYLER Philippines. If your whole church is interested, books may be shipped by It is difficult to keep up with the freight at twenty dollars a ton. Book flood of good books. Many intelligent showers are in order but send only the people buy books, read them, place best. them on their library shelves and never look at them again. There is a CHRISTIAN LITERATURE IN place where these books would be read INDIA over and over again-almost memo- The Need for Advance rized. Thirty years ago America began to BY WILLIAM PATON build up a public school system in the Of all the avenues along which the Philippine Islands. Over 5,000,000 message of Jesus Christ is reaching Filipinos have attended these school!!. the people of India none is more im- They are "education mad," but often portant than that of Christian litera- too poor to buy their textbooks. After ture. There are many who would say they learn to read, they have no pub- that in proportion to its importance it lic libraries and few worthwhile books is the most neglected part of our mis- in their homes. Think of spending sionary work. Our minds are accus- many years learning to read and then tomed to think of evangelistic work, of having nothing on which to try of educational work, of medical work your skill or to feed the mental appe- and even of certain kinds of social tite which has been created. work, but we have not yet learned to The Christian Literature Society of think of Christian literature as a de- the Philippines, representing almost partment of the whole enterprise every denomination, is establi!!hing worthy to be set alongside any of the libraries all over the island. Books others, and at the same time entering addressed to them at Manila, P. I., as a necessary element into them all.

will be carefuIly assorted and sent Christian missions have been at where they will be used most constant- work for a long time in India, and in Iy in circulating libraries, student comparison with some areas India may dormitories, private schools, hospitals, perhaps be regarded as better Sunday-school libraries, pas tor s' equipped with regard to Christian lit- homes, prisons, reformatories, leper erature; yet it may be said without colonies, etc. fear of challenge that even now the A little slip will be pasted in the total provision is miserably inade- front which says: "Dear Filipino quate. There are major vernaculars Friend: I found this book interesting spoken by millions of people which and helpful and would like a letter possess no "Life of Christ," no "Life from you telling me what you think of St. Paul," none but a few inade- of it." This little slip will bear your quate commentaries, a very few devo- name and address if you send it with tional works, and literaIly nothing your books. else. There are only three Bible dic- Pick out three or four books which tionaries in all the vernaculars of In- you have liked especiaIly and try this dia. In addition to the lack of such 775

devotional and expository literature as them. Suppose such a development is needed by the pastors, Bible work- were to take place and the total num- ers and catechists, there is an even ber of boys and girls, young men and greater lack of decent general litera- women in Christian schools and col- ture imbued with a Christian spirit leges be diminished, it must still be such as i;s suitable for reading by the recognized that in Christian literature mass of literate Christians. It cannot properly used and developed we have be too strongly emphasized that our an instrument which can be used in outlook on the question of Christian reaching far greater numbers of peo- literature must include the provisi<m ple than our direct educational work of such sane general Christian litera- can ever touch. It is hardly too much ture as the ordinary young person in to say that we have yet scarcely begun all countries ought to be able to use. to use this weapon as it might be used.

Literacy is increasing rapidly in The best educational and govern- India and this fact adds a new urgency ment minds of India are at one with to the need for Christian literature. the missionaries in this. Let us hear The Punjab, where the most rapid Mr. F. L. Brayne, the Punjab official progress has been made, expects to whose rural work has attracted wide- have the bulk of its boys of school- spread attention: "The removal of il- going age in school at an early date. literacy in England," he writes, "was Missions all over the country are striv- merely the opening of the door.s of a ing with the problem of the education treasure house of literature unequalled of mass movement Christians. Never in the history of the world …… But was more attention given to the de- what is there in the Punjab for our velopment of rural work both by youth to exercise their newly acquired Christian missions and by government art on? ….. The Educational De- agencies of all kinds. It is universally partment proposes to lead all the chil- agreed that an illiterate church must dren of the Punjab to a feast but the be weak both in power or resistance table is almost bare …… I fancy that to the anti-Christian forces that beat if the literature came into being the upon it, and in power of self-propaga- desire to read would seem to be born."

tion. Nevertheless, the question fac- ing us all over India is, what are the WE HAVE SEEN HIS STAR AND boys and girls who are learning to ARE COME TO WORSHIP HIM read going to be given to read? When A Symposium they have learned to read, are they to Behold wise men from the east camp be left to the cheap material, often of saying, "Where is he that is born more than doubtful morality, supplied King of the Jews? for we saw his by the vernacular press? star in the east, and are come to wor- ship him …… and opening their The provision of Christian litera- treasure.s they offered unto him gifts, ture in India assumes a fresh urgency gold, frankincense and myrrh." in view of another fact. All over the educational policy of India is being Some two thousand years later in a discussed, and both in India and at the little bark hut in a Bulu village two home base there is a desire for greater women were making ready their gifts efficiency and higher quality in schools that they might worship their King. and colleges, and there is discussion of It was to be their first white Christthe need of more intensive work. It mas. The pastor had announced the is not to prejudge any future decisions previous Sunday that this year they if it is suggested here that conceivably would give gifts to the sick and the a wise missionary policy may find it poor in remembrance of the Christ necessary to restrict the number of Child's birth. schools and colleges under direct Christian control in order to create It "What a blessing that my hen laid deeper impression on those who attend an egg this morning," said little old

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

widow Abom. "Only yesterday I said, myrrh. Rich gifts those! But these 'And does a widow who walks only in humble offerings of the tribe of Bulu weeds have anything to givel' " As and their simple worship of song and she spoke she raised a hen from a bas- prayer, will a King accept these? ket in the corner and taking out a Hearken to the answer of the King fresh white egg wrapped it in a strip Himself, "Inasmuch as ye did it unto one of these my brethren, even these of dried plantain leaf. least, ye did it unto me." Mezene, her daughter-in-law, stirred THE WORLD COURT AND THE the fire under the black kettle till the dark corners of the thatched house WORLD were bathed in a ruddy glow and in her dark face was revealed the joy of BY ESTHER EVERETT LAPE glVmg. Presently she removed the cover and took out a large peanut roll. Member in Oharge, The A",…iean Foundation She had spent many tedious moments shelling, roasting, and grinding the Women whose interests range over nuts and now it was ready, a gift with the missionary projects of Asia, which to worship her King. Africa, Latin America and the Islands of the Sea know well the necessity SOQn they joined the other viUagers for reasonable, peaceful, and constant out in the street. Aben, carefully ad- means of resolving the difficulties justing her baby in its leather straps which arise from time to time beon her hip, said, "I am going to give tween nations, the most civilized as my edima jom (most cherished pos- well as the most backward. Indeed, session), my best necklace and brace- the more complicated the economic lets, for God has answered my prayers order of a country becomes, the more and given me my baby." likely it is to become involved in all kinds of disputes with other countries And so they talked over their gifts over raw materials, over trade routes, along the way. "My husband is taking over treaty rights, etc. This article a salt fish," said one. "And mine, a is, therefore, given not to arguing for sack of salt," said another. And oh, the World Court, or for the adherence marvel of generosity, "Mine, a goat," of the United States to it, for it may said a third. Others joined them, reasonably be assumed that readers hands laden with baskets of food, rolls whose minds have been nourished by of· cassava, hands of plantain and ba- careful study of the problems besetnanas, bundles of peanuts or gourd ting the missionary movement allover seed. Men, women, and children, some the world need no persuasion to supin gay and festive attire, others only port the· outstanding existing means in "weeds," but each with a gift in his of peaceful settlement through law. hands. The question of completing the ad- The chatter ceased as they entered herence of the United States to the the bark church, festive with its palm Court is expected to come before the branch arches and red hibiscus flow- Senate early next winter. The quesers. As they passed, each laid his gift tion is not whether we shall adhere, on the table. "The poor will see much but whether the terms under which happiness this day," they whisper as it is now proposed that we complete they see the gifts piled high beyond our adherence fully satisfy the contheir greatest expectation. ditions attached by the Senate when it voted for our adherence in January, "Joy to the world! the Lord is 1926. The President and the Secrecome," everyone sang, till the whole tary of State and many other thoughthmtop echoed with the glad refrain. ful leaders believe that they do, and Followed a hush during the prayer and in December, 1929, the President. authe reading of the beautiful story of thorized the signature of the three the Christ Child's birth, and of the protocols by the United States. They wise men who worshiped Him with now await ratification, to which the their gifts, gold, frankincense and

Senate must "advise and consent." rather than upon justice. But the These protocols or treaties are: World Court is in fact as well as in 1. The protocol of signature at- official title the Permanent Court of tached to the Statute of the Court. International Justice. In a number 'Of 2. The protocol covering proposed instances judges on the Court have amendments to the Statute of the voted against the position taken by Court. their own countries – the British 3. The accession protocol, which ac- judge against the British contention, cepts the reservations attached by the etc. Decisions are reached upon a Senate to its 1926 resolution of ad- basis of law and equity and upon no herence. other grounds.

Surely the United States should join The United States will be a part of the fifty-four nations already in the this Court when the three protocols Court and throw her influence clearly awaiting the consent of the Senate to behind this successfully functioning ratification are ratified. The debates agency for the application of the prin- will presumably begin in December.

ciples of international law to disputes At that time the senators should have arising between nations. clear evidence of the interest felt by In the nine years of its existence their constituents in early rat.ification.

the Court has given sixteen judicial Detailed Information concerning the whole decisions and eighteen advisory opin- Court question Is available without charge ions. The largest number of cases from The American Foundation, 1)61) Fifth arising out of anyone situation-six Avenue, New York, N. Y.

decisions and two advisory opinions- THE AMERICAN INDIAN MOVES were between Germany anll Poland on AHEAD various questions of the property and personal rights of Germans and of BY HELEN M. BRICKMAN persons formerly German in the territory that passed from Germany to "The Indian problem in the United Poland after the War. Many of the States," say,s Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur, other cases the Court has dealt with Secretary 'Of the Interior, "is one that have arisen out of the readjustments has been constantly with us from our after the War-boundaries, mandates, beginning as a nation but which is now approaching dissolution."

the respective rights of new neigh- Of the 350,000 people of Indian bors, etc. Other cases have dealt with blood in this country, about 200,000 the responsibility for an accident 'On are still wards of the Government.

the high seas between ships of differ- Many, while nominally wards, are ent natiDnalities, with a conflict on quite able to care for themselves and nationality laws, etc. Every decision to assume full citizenship. It is the the Court has handed down, whether policy of the present administration a formal judgment or an advisory to sever its ties with these Indians opinion, has been accepted by the na- as quickly as this can be accomplished tions concerned in the dispute. without interfering with their prop- The habitual use of judicial means erty rights.

of settlement is the shortest and the Very few people realize that there surest road to disarmament and tD are still 200 Indian reservations in 26 peace. It is also-and this point is of state,s and that 58 languages are still particular interest to those WhD are spoken. Oklahoma has 120,000 In- concerned for the weaker natiDns of dians; Arizona about 49,000; South the world-the shDrtest and surest Dakota 23,000; New Mexico 22,000; rDad to internatiDnal justice. Noone CalifDrnia 19,000; Minnesota 15,000; pretends that there is justice in the Montana and Washington each 13,000 decisions reached by war; and even and Oregon 4,518.

arbitrations are likely to be founded More and more the Indian people upon expediency and compromise are coming in contact with the other

people of this country and are adopt- cities. One of the great tasks con- ing their customs and their language. fronting all agencies at work with the It seems inevitable that the Red Man Indians is that of making them eco- will, within the next decade, lose many nomically self-supporting. If the In- of his racial characteristics and be- dian is to support himself and his come an integral part of the prevail- family he must not only have the ing civilization of this country. proper education and training but also the proper employment. To thi8 end Through the 126 day schools, 58 special employment centers have been reservation boarding schooIs and 19 established by the Government at six large boarding schools located away strategic points throughout the coun- from the reservation, some 65,000 try. young Indians are already receiving much the same type of education that The Indian Bureau, itself, has been the average white child is getting. lately reorganized, a cabinet form of Within the last year these schools government having been established have reached a new standard of ef- with each line of work headed bya ficiency and effectiveness. Competent technical expert. This new Indian and well-trained personnel is being "cabinet" places an emphasis upon recruited. The old uniform curricu- "human relations." Dr. W. Carsun lum has been abandoned and each Ryan, Jr., formerly Professor of Edu- ,school is now following the courses cation of Swarthmore College, has beof study prellcribed by its state. In come the Director of Indian Educathe boarding schools 37.8 cents per tion. Dr. M. C. Guthrie, detailed to day per child as compared with eleven the Indian Service in 1926 by the cents is now being spent for food. United States Public Health Service, There is an annual clothing allowance is Director of Health. A. C. Cooley, of $40 per child as against $22. Labor- formerly in charge of demonstration saving devices have been installed, on federal reclamation projects is Dithus relieving the children from per- rector of Agricultural Extension and forming the bulk of the manual work. Industry. Coordinating these three The children in the boarding schools divisions is an experienced social exnow perform only such tasks as might ecutive, Robert T. Lansdale, formerly be expected of any children in a well- Executive Secretary of the Council of regulated home. The old military Social Agencies ·of Montclair, New method 'Of discipline is being discard- Jersey, and member 'Of the staff of ed and competent boys' and girls' ad- the New York Scho'Ol of Social Revisers appointed to the schools. Not search. Mr. Lansdale is an assistant only do these Indian children receive to the Commissioner of Indian Afgood academic training but special fairs. He is known as Assistant to the emphasis is laid upon training for Commissioner on Human Relations. trades and vocation8. For those who This outline of reorganization, worked should have more advanced training out under the direction of Mr. Charles and education, scholarships are being J. Rhoads, Commissioner of Indian sought. Affair>'l, and Mr. J. Henry Scatter- good, Assistant Commissioner, in con- On the reservations the thinking of sultation with Dr. Wilbur, brings the Indians still follows pretty much great satisfaction to those who have that of former years when the Red been anxious that the affairs of the Man lived a life no longer possible for American Indian be administered him today. These Indians find little more expertly. to occupy their time and there is very little opportunity to earn a livelihood. N ever before have the churches had It is for this reason that the young more opportunity than at present to educated Indian8 are not urged to re- advance their work among the Inmain on the reservations but are being dians. The present administration is helped to find work in towns and most anxious that the spiritual wel-

fare of the Indian be not neglected. to my father, I long to kneel in a quiet Recently, through the influence of the spot and pray to ber. Indian Service Committee of the Home Missions Councils and the The greatest kindness that has been Board of Indian Commissioners, let- ever bestowed upon me was the work ters were sent by the Indian <X>m- of a young Hebrew in my college life. missioner to all superintendents on He has done more to soften my heart the field, suggesting that they call than any power other than my own conferences to be attended by mission- mother. aries and government employees in order to "develop lines of cooperative At times the appeal of Shintoiem effort which will promote active par- reaches me like a faint, far-off cry, ticipation in a common program." The then the God of the Hebrews is heard mission boards, in turn, have sent let- in the life of the young man who beters to their missionaries, urging friended me, and then the God of the them to cooperate with the local gov- Cross comes home, in the spirit life ernment officials and to promote the of my mother. government program in every way possible. THE OPTIMIST'S CREED A TRAGEDY OF RACE PromisB Y our8Blf- By N. USAMI To be so strong that nothing can dis- turb your peace of mind. To talk health, I look out on life, as it were, with happiness and prosperity to every pera double lens. My father was born in son you meet. Kyoto, Japan, of pure blood, the loyal subject of the Mikado. Trained in the To make all your friends feel that Univereity of Tokyo, he came early to there is something in them. America and settled in California. My mother was daughter of a clergyman, To look at the sunny side of everywas wooed by my father, and finally thing and make your optimism come they became man and wife. I was true. born in a beautiful valley of California. To think only of the best, to work only for the best and expect only the best. Her father and mother had disowned her, and that is why she never To be just as enthusiastic about the mentioned their names in my presence. success of others as you are about your A feeling of great hatred to them en- own. tered my heart, and it is still there, fiercer than ever. Mother's God is a To forget the mistakes of the past and God of forgiveness, and I hope he will press on to the greater achievements of forgive the nursing of that feeling the future. which I don't want to part with. Father's God is harder to understand, To wear a cheerful countenance at all but if he can't forgive he is no God. times and give every living creature you meet a smile. When mother took ill unto death, I hurried from the University of Cali- To give so much time to the improvefornia to her side, and was never out ment of yourself that you have no time of her presence. To me she turned to criticise others. for her every want. Her religion was as sacred as a dram of radium, and To be too large for worry, too noble as silent and powerful in its working. for anger, too strong for fear, and too When I recall the great spirit of my happy to permit the presence of trouble. mother, her holy pas·sion, her god-like -Selected. devotion to her only child, her loyalty INDIAN CALENDAR January Moon of the falling flake. February Moon of the frozen lake. March Moon of the wind's loud voice. April Moon of the raindrops choice. May Moon of the springing grass. June Moon of the sassafras. July Moon of the melon yield. August Moon of the clover field. September Moon of the reddened leaf. October Moon of the golden sheaf. November Moon of the wild bird's flight. December Moon of the long good night.

-HAZEL HARPER HARRIS.

ASIA of the long, narrow valley of the

Is Mohammedanism Waning? Land with concrete canals, and the utilization for a storage reservoir of AWRITER in the Jewish Missionary the Sea of Galilee on whose waters Intelligence says that on visiting Istanbul (Constantinople), he saw but Christ walked two millenniums ago, one bId Moslem at prayer, and one the Holy Land is becoming modern and oth~r making his preparatory ablu- industrial. tions. In the famous Mosque, St. Sophia, there was not one worshiper And with the diversion of seasonal apparent; in the street not a fez, nor flood waters of the Yarmuk and the a veiled woman was to be seen. A woman guide wearing a badge to indicate Jordan Rivers into the Sea of Galilee that she was one of the recognized as a huge reservoir, and with the guide corps of the city, spoke English building of suitable dams and canals, well, smoked cigarette after cigarette, 5,000,000 tons of water will be at the chaffed, scolded, and held her own with disposal of engineers every day during her fellowmen guides. Orthodox Mohammedanism was practically dead in both the wet and dry seasons. These Istanbul. Patriotism has taken its three power stations will total 48,000 place to some extent. horse-power output, and are the first Hospice in Jerusalem step in a plan for the complete electri- fication of Palestine. r~R the benefit of Presbyterian vis- itor·s to Jerusalem, and to make it The first of these power stations is possible for them to receive the Sacra- now completed at Jisr-eI-Mujameh, ment of the Lord's Supper in their ac- drawing its water-power from a canal customed manner, a group of buildings carrying waters from the Yarmuk comprising a Church and a Hospice has been completed on a commanding River, a tributary to the Jordan. This site overlooking the road to Bethlehem. station delivers 18,000 horse-power in The Quarterly Register says that this electricity, with provisions for doubwas the result of a joint undertaking ling this amount. of the Church of Scotland and the United Free Church. The Hospice is All three power plants together will now open. It has accommodation for about twenty visitors, and includes a supply the needs of every city, Ptaolwesn~ library with already over 500 volumes and agricultural settlement in relating to Palestinian subjects. While intended primarily for students, min- tine. The government is to regulate ister'l;, missionaries, members of all Presbyterian Churches will be wel- the charges in a manner similar to the comed. way public utilities are regulated in the United States.-Science New8 Let- ter.

Unrest in Palestine T ~E present situation in Palestine IS reported to be serious because of Arab hostility against the British officials as a result of the recent clashes at Nablus.

Modernized Palestine The Moslems believe that when the Indian problem is less acute these WITH the completion of three hy- dro-electric power stations on the 70,000,000 Moslems will be ready to historic river Jordan, with the ribbing help their fellow religionists in Pales- tine.

781

Shaukat Ali, noted Indian Moslem blaming each other for the result. The leader, who wears home-spun Moslem Moslem nationalists take their stand clothing and Moslem footgear with on the principle that separate electro- American horn-rimmed spectacles and ates are an evil, wbich if tolerated at smokes an exp~nsive Havana cigar, all, should be tolerated temporarily as says: a necessity. On the other hand the per- petuation of separate electorates is a "The achievement of an understand- fundamental point in the creed of the ing between the Arabs and the Jews other Moslem party. This vital dif- must be preceded by the latters' re- ference was found impossible of settlenunciation of their national home idea, ment, and once again the Moslems are willingness to have restriction of im- in a disunited condition unable to migration and revocation of the Bal- make their united demand known to four Agreement." Mr. Gandhi.

Medical Advance in Persia Church Union in India THE Government has taken over the AT THE Delhi Round Table Confer- control of all medical work in Persia, in so far as not allowing anyone .t1 ence on Church Union representato practice medicine unless he has a Government license. This does not tives were present from the Anglican mean a diploma, nor imply any special Church, the United Church of North knowledge of medicine, inasmuch as India, the Methodist Episcopal and licenses were granted those already Wesleyan Churches, the English Bappracticing. But hereafter, no license tists, and Church of the Brethren, and wm be issued except to those having the Society of Friends. The New Outhad five years' study of modern medi- look reports that it was agreed that cine, or a foreign degree. Thus, in negotiations for a comprehensive the course of some twenty years, the Church Union in Northern India old practitioners will have passed. Per- should proceed. In Church polity there sian doctors have attained a much should be congregational liberty in the higher standard of medical knowledge life and activity of the local church: and skill, which emphasizes the neces- responsibility for government should sity for mission hospitals keeping vest in synods or representative counabreast of the times. cils, with clerical and lay members; and there should be superintendents or Medical missionaries are now obliged bishops. Several delegates emphasized to send their diplomas to Teheran to the necessity of avoiding the term be registered, and no unlicensed prac- "Historic Episcopate." The Conference tice is allowed. The Government is thought that a South India Scheme in also demanding endless statistics of its present form was not quite adehospitals, together with the most min- quate to the needs of North India, but ute details of the use of drugs coming desired a conference to consider the under the Dangerous Drugs Act. principles to be adopted in the forma- tion of a United Church for India. INDIA-BURMA-CEYLON Meantime steps are being taken in the direction of a smaller union between India's Moslems Fail to Agree the Methodist Episcopal Church, the English Baptist Community, and the THE negotiations going on between United Church of Northern India. the two political parties among Moslems with a view to arrive at an Wanless Tuberculosis Sanitarium agreement on the question of Moslem representation on elected bodies which AFTER many years of planning for will come into being as the result of a tuberculosis sanitarium, Sir introducing a new constitution in In- William Wanless, of Miraj, acquired dia have broken down, and the leaders 100 acres of land in 1924, paying for it of both parties have issued statements

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

with hospital receipts. Opposition hin- years ago. The congregations have as dered the project, and it was not until many applicants for baptism as mem- 1931 that patients could be admitted. bers and cannot respond to all the re- Dr. Wanless retired and returned to quests for teachers and even for visits the United States in 1924, but was re- to villages. In many places the in- called to India last year to promote the quirers, at their own expense, are work he had begun and as a result the building chapels and in others they sanitarium has added five cottages to furnish free labor for their erection.

the original six.

A host of Indian friends, mostly Rebellion in Burma Parsees, have given various sums, ag- THE rebel situation continues to be gregating a large amount and it is the curse of this land and the lives expected to build another doctor',s bun- of tens of thousands of helpless vil- galow, more private wards and cot- lagers. Rebel activities have drifted tages, public wards and kitchens, eastward over the Pegu Yomas into nurses' home, X-ray, operating, labora- the vicinity of Pegu and our Methodist • tory and office blocks, and a chapel. village work has begun to feel the im- Opportunity Widens pact very sorely.

THE Farm Machinery Laboratory at The most promising and progressive Allahabad, the largest and best village work we have centers at Ingequipped building for the purpose in ouk, a backwoods place. The work be- gan there eight years ago when the India is now completed. Arrangements Rev. J. R. Boyles, on a dry season itinhave been made by Dr. Sam Higgin- erating trip, chanced to come upon this bottom with Allahabad Univer,sity for place and found that through the una degree course in agriculture, the usually effective witnessing of two obuniversity to teach the basic science, scure Burmese Christians the chief the Agricultural Institute to teach men of the place were ready to accept farm crops, animal husbandry, dairying, fruit and vegetable culture. the privileges and responsibilities of Christian living. The fact that this On April 15th the first "Farmers' place happened to be inhabited by a Institute," was opened with a regular sect of theistic Buddhists made the approgram of demonstrations and lec- proach easier. From that beginning tures in Hindustani and English for there developed something nearer to a farmers, village workers and mission- village mass movement than we usualaries. Dr. Higginbottom also states ly see in Burma. The work resulted that political tension has lessened since in changed lives from the first. Soon the acceptance of the Gandhi-Irwin a church building was erected for woragreement, though one problem seems ship and vernacular school uses. beyond reach of solution-that of communal representation, an extremely In recent weeks it has been known in divisive system which results in riots the village that rebel organization was between Hindus and Moslems. This under way. In the whole locality, there is not so much a religious as an eco- is only the one center where Christian nomic struggle for official preferment. morale and loyalty held the people steady. Their neighbors were falling A Fruitful GerD1an Mission fast under the allurements or compUl- sion of the rebel organizers. As a THE MOST fruitful stations of Ger- safety measure the police ordered the man missionaries in India are those surrender of guns held by licensees. of the Breklum Mission in the southern Sunday, the 12th of July, was a Telugu field, which was held for the gloomy day in the Pegu Burmese Breklum Mission during the war by church when the little group of chief the United Lutheran Church, and was persons from Ingouk heard the sad restored to the Breklum lfission a few news that the rebels had burned the

church and parsonage, that many of The work in the Colombo jail is be- the people of the village were scattered ing carried on regularly and the pris- to other places and that the rebels had oners look forward with keen int.erest forced into their company one of the to the Sunday morning ·services. The Christians who, before he became a men ask eagerly for religious litera- Christian had been ready enough to ture, and a great change has come over share in the doings of dacoit bands. their lives. A few gramophone rec- It turns out very fortunately that ords of Gospel songs and hymns would the wooden building to replace the be of great help in this work among Pegu Chinese school which was de- prisoners. Pray for this work.-G. D.

stroyed in last year's earthquake is al- Lemphers, Nugegoda, Ceylon.

most completed. It will offer shelter to at least thirty refugees if neces- CHINA sary; and the Chinese official board Great Floods has consented gladly to its use in that way. An ap·peal has just been received T HE American Red Cross has refrom the Rev. U On Kin for local cir- cently voted to send $100,000 to aid. culation among the Methodist church- the fl'Ood sufferers along the Yangtse es in Burma in behalf of relief for our River in China where the flood waH repeople who have been forced to leave ported (August 19th) the worst in their homes.-H. J. H., in The Indian over sixty years. This money will be Witn/loss. transmitted through the State Depart- ment to Walter A. Adams, American Eager Hearers in Ceylon Consul General at Hankow.

T HERE is a great hunger among the From Hankow it was repGrted that people of Ceylon for the Gospel. thousands were drowned as the flood Crowds gather round about us on the undermined cities and destroyed the street corners where we take our stand farms upon which the country has to preach and the words of our Lord depended for food. The flood waters are exemplified when He said "And I, ~ached a height of 53 feet six inches, if I be lifted up, will draw all men unto compared with the previous record in me." the 1870 flood of 50 feet six inches and At the close of one· service when the the highest point of land in Hankow invitation was given, backed up with was five feet under water. The Hanthe promise, "Him that cometh to me kow Bund was seven and one-half feet will in no wise be cast out," a Buddhist bel'Ow the surface. One of the principal stepped out, spread a cloth on the dikes protecting the old city of Wu- ground and knelt in prayer. Another chang, across the river, gave way. man who was a bit under the influence Whole towns and villages have been of drink, but was able to under- wiped out and epidemics threaten the stand what he was doing, knelt down survivors. to pray. The people were surprised The Grand Canal and other water and pressed in on us so much that courses have brought floods also in the place was blocked. The man con- southern Shantung and in Hupeh provfessed that he was anxious to be rid inces. It is estimated that 400,000 of the demon drink and that there have died and 50,000,000 are threatwas no 'Other power on earth that could ened with starvation.

help him. He left us rejoicing. The Nationalist Government already Our street preaching reaches the has made about $600,000 available for poor, the outcast, the untouchable and relief work, and many government em- the helpless, peGple whG are 'Outcasts ployes have been drafted for flGod re- from society and victims of drink. The lief work. A Chinese d'Omestic loan of majority are Buddhists, Hindus and $6,000,000 was also proposed for flood Mohammedans to whom the Gospel is relief and 15,000,000 bushels of wheat preached in the vernacular. are to be s~t from America, at low

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

cost~it should be donated if China In spite of it all we ,seem to have will end the waste of internal warfare. made progress in evangelistic work.

The Protestant missions having Services continue to be well attended, work in Hankow, Wuchang and Han- and interest in preaching for non- yang are: American Bible Society, Christians has notlessened. The peo- Protestant Episcopal, Christian and ple are extremely friendly toward us Missionary Alliance, China Inland Mis- and we have a wonderful opportunity sion, Lutherans, Postal Telegraph, to work among children. Our small London Mission, Religious Tract So- and primitive playground has made ciety, Seventh Day Adventists, Wes- them friendly and approachable but we leyan Methodists, Y. M. C. A., and need to discover some way of securing Swedish Baptists-a total of one hun- their regular attendance at teaching dred and eighteen Protestant mission- so that our influence upon their charac- aries are in this center. Gifts to aid ters and habits may be more effective.

the flood sufferers may be sent to the -E. H. Forster, in The Living Church.

Mission Boards.

I .. China Near Extinction? A Great Chinese Woman WARNING that "the Chinese na- AGREATER character than the old tion is now on the brink of extinc- Chinese Empress Dowager, and tion," the Central Executive Commit- one that exerted a more widespread tee of the Kuomintang (People's influence to benefit China, was Madame party) issued an appeal last month K. T. Soong who entered into rest at calling on the whole country to unite Tsingtao on J1,lly 23d. to overcome the evil effects of the floods, civil warfare, banditry and anti- Madame S'oong w~s a strong and in- Chinese riots in Chosen. telligent Christian, an active member of the Methodist church in China and "Whether our country can survive a teacher in the Sunday School of the this crisis," say,s the manifesto, "de- Young Allen Church in Shanghai. pends on the last supreme effort of the nation. Remember that 'Heaven helps A notable group of Chinese men and only those who help themselves,' and women, all of them educated in Amerlet all our compatriots rise to the oc- ica, gathered on August 17th at the casion." Sixteen provinces, it pointed funeral service in honor of their out, are affected by the flood and the mother, to do homage to the woman famine certain to follow. who had exercised a powerful influence on modern China.

Harvard Univer.sity, Wellesley and Chinese Communism Wesleyan, (Macon, Ga.), are American CONDITIONS in Yangchow, Kiang- institutions at which the sons and su, are still quiet. General Chang daughters of this remarkable woman Chih-chiang is functioning and that were educated. Their training fitted accounts for peaceful conditions. He all to occupy leading positions in the asked the local Christians to hold a national affairs of China.

week of special prayer for China from Mme. Soong knew the old China, June 21st to June 28th. There were but lived through the revolution to meeting,s in each church or chapel. see her sons and daughters reach posts The political situation certainly re- of influence. She reared all .six as quires prayer. My feeling is that Christians and it was through her in- there is danger of worse trouble than fluence and in her home that the Presi- that of 1927. The discontent and disil- dent of China, Chiang Kai-shek, was lusionment of the people are very wide- baptized as a Christian.

spread, and the power and influence of The six children are T. V. Soong, the communists are still strong in vice-chairman of the Nationalist Gov- many sections of the country. Civil ernment; Mme. Sun Yat-sen, widow war with Canton is also an added of the founder of the Chinese Repub- affliction. lie; Mme. Chiang Kai-shek, wife of S

the President; Mme. H. H. Kung, wife religious leaders, especially the intelof the Nationalist Minister of Indus- lectuals. Though the movement is not try; T. L. Soong, Secretary of the older than three years it has become an Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and T. N. active group of enthusiastic young Soong, who holds a minor government Christians. The original motto of the position. group is: "Search for truth and live a sincere and pure life in cIo-se fellowship The sons were educated at Harvard with Christ!" They started the fellow- University and the girls at Wellesley ship not because they loved Christ, but and Wesleyan. The family is reputed because they needed Christ. one of the wealthiest in China.

Future of Mission Schools Shanghai College Now a University T HE following comment on the Na- 'fHE name of Shanghai College (an tional Government's denial of the American Baptist Mission institu- right to teach Christianity in schools supported by foreign mission funds ap- tion) has been changed to the Uni- pears as an editorial in the Shanghai versity of Shanghai. Among reasons Evening Post and Mercury: advanced are the practice in China of calling an instituti'On of higher learn- Funds with which these schools are ing "Ta Hsueh," that is, university, established are almost 100 per cent con- while the Chinese name for college is tributed from abroad, with the purpose loosely applied to secondary and techof furthering the teaching of Christian- nical schools. The institution has been ity. Schools, hospitals and social centers jointly supported by the Northern and have been one of the most effective ways the Southern Baptist Conventions, and of demonstrating the practical effects of the Chinese Baptists. the Christian religion. The donors of these funds did not contemplate the es- President Herman E. Liu says that tablishment of secular mission schools the university stands for physical, throughout China. An appeal for funds mental and spiritual growth. The Unito establish educational institutions in versity of Shanghai should be mDre China, no matter how worthy that cause than ever a beacon light of Christian might be, would lack the appeal of a plea faith, a strong evangelistic force, and for contributions for schools of a definite a factor in the general uplift of China. religious and Christian character. JAPAN-CHOSEN To endow non-religious schools in China with religious mission funds is Vice Investigations definite patronage, and if the National Government's policy continues, the mis- THE League 'Of Nations "commission sion support will inevitably be with- of inquiry into the traffic in women drawn. Then the entire question of and children in the Orient" ha-s recenteducation will be in the hands of the Na- ly begun its investigations in Japan. tional Government, where that govern- While welcoming the commission as ofment evidently desires it to be. The ficials of the League of Nations, the Nanking government has clearly decided Japanese Government has not been to forego the benefits of the Christian cordial to the efforts of reform soschools rather than consent to the spread cieties of the Empire to gather maof the Christian religion. terial to make the League's investiga- tion effective. Dr. Bascom J'Ohnson, New Movement Among Students the head of the Investigating Commit- tee, and his colaborers have been diplo- T HE Dawn is a religious movement matic and have obtained information of the Christian students of dif- that will be of value in curbing the ferent colleges and high schools, gov- disgraceful and ruinous traffic in wom- en and children for evil purposes. ernment and private, in Peiping, Whether or not it is a result of the China. Most of the founders came visit of the commission, the Japan Adfrom non-Christian, old-fashioned vertiser reports that many inmates of Chinese families, but are inspired by the Christian religion.

The movement is still in the stage of germination, but it has attracted much attention and interest from the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the licensed quarters have secured the American House of Representa- their freedom in the past month. tives arranged to meet at San Fran- cisco, late in July;to consider the re- Student Radicalis:m in Ja.pan peal of the Japanese exclusion act. If I N SPITE of the efforts of the gov- Japanese, like Europeans, are put un- ernment to suppress communism and der the existing quota system only in spite of the influence of such forces 185 Japanese could be admitted anas Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa and other nually, and the affront to Japanese Christians, radicalism seems to be in- pride would be removed. The reprecreasing among students in Japan. In recent months there have been numer- sentatives of business organizations ous disturbances in the government in California may not be actuated and private universities and colleges. solely by the highest sentiments of The students at Waseda University brotherhood, but the rescinding of the have protested against a newly ap- exclusion act would be the removal of pointed president and the students at an affront to a friendly nation.-The Presbyterian Advance.

the Imperial University of Tokyo are demanding student self-government. Need for Schools in Chosen W These movements are encouraged by HAT will the church do for lead- ership if all her young people communist agents and literature but the efforts to repress such student ex- are educated in Buddhist schools? It pression seem to increase rather than is a great problem and it would be a to control the spirit of rebellion terrible backward step to close work against the established order. There already going on when what we need are evils and weaknesses in many in- is to enlarge. This year the Pyeng- stitutions and in society that need cor- yang Academy could take only 150 of rection and every effort ought to be the 389 applicants. That shows a little made to discover and correct these of what it means to lack educational evils, with the help of all who seek im- facilities. Mothers, fathers, uncles provement. and aunts, pastor,s and friends call to make applicati'On and the disappointed Religion and Anti-Religion ones have to weep.

ONE evil effect of radicalism in The Chinese trouble in Pyengyang every country is its tendency to was fomented by folks from 'Outside, discredit all religion. In Japan anti- perhaps from Manchuria. The Japa- religious societies have been organized nese were afraid to handle it dras- and have assumed such proportions as tically at first for fear the mob would to attract government attention. As a turn on the Japanese. The mob spirit whole, however, the Japanese people appealed to the very worst element 'Of are inclined to be religious and Bud- the city. Most.of it was at night, dhist leaders are stirring themselves though it raged now and then during to prove their faith still has vitality. two days also. A pastor, who has lived In the meantime the Kingdom of God all his life in the city, said that he did Movement among the Christians is not see one familiar face in the crowd making progress and one Christian as it surged up and down the streets.

missionary society reports that it has Our dairyman had a thrilling time as begun a campaign to visit everyone he stood off the mob and saved four- of all the more than ten million homes teen Chinese who 'had taken refuge in in Japan and will leave in each a the enclosure. He risked his life but Gospel portion. he saved their lives. We sheltered two men for a day in our cellar. The next The Japanese Exclusion Aet Sunday three Chinese came to one of AT THE request of representative the churches to express their thanks business organizations of Cali- and they said that the Christian Chifornia, the Immigration Committee of nese were all rescued and that they

wanted their brethren to know that contains three-quarters of the whole they knew it was not the mind of the population, of whom half a million Christian Koreans in Pyengyang to belong to the Protestant and Roman do such things against them.-Mrs. Catholic Churches. It embraces the George S. McCune. island groups north of Australia, in- cluding New Guinea. There are masses A Korean Pastor's Work of heathen still in the New Hebrides, REV. YI MYUNG CHAI, pastor of the Solomons and the three divisions a Methodist church in Kyung- of New Guinea. It is surprising, howchun, Korea, is winning the confidence ever, to note that in New Guinea, with not alone of the poor and the needy of its total population of over eight hunhis community, but of the government dred and ninety-nine thousand, nearly authorities as well. Although without one-quarter of this number is now special medical training, he is well Christian, in the proportion of two read in medicine, and keeps on hand Protestants to one Roman Catholic. simple remedies with which he has cured many minor ailments. Serious Orientals in the islands – and the cases he refers to the Christian doctor number is growing rapidly-are pracin Kongju. By making no charge for tically unreached with the Gospel.- World Dominion Survey.

his remedies he avoids conflict with the government officials, and by treat- New Zealand Youth T ing these offiCials he wins their favor, HE desire to reach young people left indifferent by the churches a novel method of breaking down prejudice. and Christian youth organizations was The little church of which Yi Myung expressed at a conference of Christian Chai is pastor is the saine which I leaders at Waikanae, New Zealand.

erected a tithe storehouse, mentioned The General Secretary of the Welling- recently in the Review. This twelve- ton Y. M. C. A. ,showed in a very by-twelve structure had its initiation searching report that the influence of when it received the tithes of the Christian work and Christian youth barley harvest last spring. This fall it organizations is very much less than will serve as the storehouse for a por- is generally supposed. The New Zea- tion of the pastor's food supply for the land Youth Committee for religious year, as the Christians bring in the education decided to give pUblicity tithe of their rice crop. throughout all Christian youth move- ments to the fact that nine-tenths of PACIFIC ISLANDS the youth of the country were outside A Survey their sphere, and to -stress the neces- sity for a special missionary effort for T HE Pacific Islands cover an area these masses of young people who are of about three hundred and eighty drifting further and fUrther away thousand square miles. The Christian from all religion. population of the islands is under one- third of the total population, of whom three hundred and sixty-eight thou- A Woman Pastor at Kula, Hawaii K sand are Protestants and two hundred ULA is about 3,000 feet up the side of a mountain on the island and fifty-two thousand seven hundred and ninety-two are Roman Catholics. of Maui, in Hawaii. There is a Chi- The eastern division, once called Poly- nese Protestant Episcopal congrega- nesia, is described as evangelized, yet tion at Kula, now in charge of Mrs.

less than half its population profess Shim, widow of a Chinese rector who Christianity and half of these are ministered there for many years. She Roman Catholics. holds services, visits the people, and The remainder of the Pacific area her daughter conducts the church is described as partly evangelized and school. The congregation is made up

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

mostly of Chinese farmers and their requires constant attention and families, widely scattered on farms trained leadership to make certain that along the rough side roads. There is in practice they are really secured:; also a large tuberculosis sanatorium and preventorium for children. Thou- World Student Federa.tion in Wil- sands of children of Oriental parents liamstown A are here being molded into useful RETREAT for the officers of the World's Student Christian Feder- American citizens. ation was held during the week begin- NORTH AMERIVA ning July 5th at Williamstown, Mass.

A New Covered Wagon on the Trail The Federation is a league of Chris- A COVERED wagon, following the tian students around the world which pioneer trail across the continent includes in its membership 300,000 from Brockton, Mass., to the Pacific students in 3,113. colleges and univer- Coast, set out on June 20th to cele- sities. The central office is in Geneva, brate the one hundredth anniversary Switzerland, from which its influence of the founding of the American Bap- radiates to forty-five countries. The tist Home Mission Society. This new federation is one of the few Christian covered wagon, a replica of those that movements in the world which, becrossed the continent in pioneer days, cause of the extent of its field and the was towed by an automobile in which character of its membership, is rode the Rev. Dr. G. Clifford Cress, brought into intimate contact with Mr. William Turkington, the Rev. Coe every racial barrier of any importance Hayne and his son. The party planned that divides the human race.

to stop at various centers along the way to hold missionary meetings and Getting Behind the Peace Pact S stir up interest in American evangeli- IXTEEN denominations in South- ern California, the Presbyterian zation. a unique method of celebrating an important event and valuable Board of Education and the National for publicity and promotion. Convention of Disciples have endorsed the following resolution: Y. M. C. A. and Religion WHEREAS, War looms before the world today as one of the most serious prob- AT THEIR forty-third international lems, and convention at Cleveland, (August 5th to 7th), the Y. M. C. A. leaders WHEREAS, The signing of the Kellogg of the United States and Canada reL Peace Pact by the leading nations of the newed their pledge to keep the spirit- world commits them for the first time to ual objectives of the Association in the renunciation of war "as an instrument foreground. The danger that the Y of national policy" in their relations with will become a club centering in ath- one another, and letics and secular education and advertising, is met by the declaration that WHEREAS, The effectiveness of this new "all our activities-educational, phys- policy 'for the prevention of war will deical, recreational, social-and all our pend in very large measure upon the administrative policies must be tested volume of popular sentiment which may by the extent to which they show ac- be created in its favor among the comtual results in the development of mon people of the earth, therefore be it Christian character, habits and ideals." The basic purpose is religious Resolved, That we urgently recommend and Chri~tian; the method is through the appointment of a peace committee in every local church, whose duty it shall be to foster the peace sentiment of the con- gregation by means of literature, lectures and other methods, and to cooperate with like committees from other groups in the interest of world peace.

an approach to the problems, interests As a help toward an understanding and needs of youth today. Truth is of the issues involved in the disarm- in this statement: "While religious ament parley ·set for February, 1932, values may inhere in any program, it the Commission on International Jus-

tice and Goodwill has prepared a pam- ganized, apathetic congregation. There phlet, setting forth salient facts re- are now 41 members, with an average garding war, and a brief discussion of Sunday attendance of over 100. the following questions; Cost of Armaments, Cost of the World War, Move- The Deatons are purchasing an ments for Disarmament, America's eighty-acre farm adjoining their Part at the Conference. Suggestions church, and are contributing it to the are made as to what friends of peace people for their own upbuilding. The may do. work on the farm will be done by mem- bers of the congregation under the di- Indian Bureau Reorganized rection of the preacher, who is an agricultural graduate and the profit of I N MARCH a complete reorganiza- the farm will go directly to the church. tion of the Bureau of Indian Affairs Already the men of the church have of the U. S. Department of the Inte- set out three hundred peach trees. rior went into effect following more than a year's study by the Oommis- The primary purpose is to furnish sioner of Indian Affairs. Coordination an adequate outlet for the social and and cooperation are the keynotes of recreational needs of the community. the new system. Five field divisions On a fifteen-acre field will be located a of health, education, agricultural ex- baseball diamond, tennis and volleytension and industry, forestry and ir- ball courts and other recreational farigation have been organized with a cilities. Old-fashioned sports will be technical or professional director at revived. the head of each. These divisions are grouped under two assistants to the This will be the headquarters of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs whose local Home Economics Club, several spheres are defined as Human Rela- 4-H Clubs, a Boy Scout troop, and the tions and Property. The Assistant to other activities that identify a widethe Commissioner on Human Relations awake and progressive community. will be directly responsible to the Commissioner for the coordination of Growth of United Church of Canada the divisions of health, education, and agricultural extension and industry. F RIENDS of Christian unity will be The Assistant to the Commissioner on gratified with a statistical report of Property will be directly re·sponsible the United Church of Canada. In 1925, for all activities dealing with the when Presbyterians, Methodists and guardianship of Indian property, Congregationalists united there were tribal and individual, land, irrigation, 600,522 members. Now there are 662,- and forestry. 258, a gain in each year of union. The 369,562 families are now 417,815. Church Operates a Farm Though there are fewer Sunday Schools, there are 56,000 more pupils ASOCIAL and religious experiment and 64,000 more members in young that promises much toward the people's societies. Though church propsolution of the recreational, cultural erty values have risen by $14,000,000, and devotional problems of rural com- the debt is up only $1,700,000. Pasmunities, has been undertaken in the tors' salaries show a gain of $500,000 Valley City community of Harrison despite the depression, which has re- County, Indiana, not far from Louis- duced the total amount raised by the ville, Ky., a project without precedent United Church from $16,968,243 in in rural service. 1925-26, to $16,421,286 in the year ending December 31, 1930. When Rev. and Mrs. B. P. Deaton took charge of a church in this com- The Lindberghs at Point Barrow munity about a year ago, they found four resident members, and' a disor- I N ANTICIPATION of Col. and Mrs. Charles A. Lindbergh's visit to Alaska, the National Board of the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., wired Cakchiquel New TestaJllent its missionaries at Point Barrow t'O T HE Indians 'Of Guatemala now place at their disp'Osal all the facilities have the entire New Testament available at that nDrthern point. translated and published in their 'Own dialect. At a special conference held Point Barrow was practically the half-way stop on the Colonel'·s trip to at Patzum May 19th and 20th, the first the Orient, lying almost 300 miles copy in Cakchiquel was presented tD within the Arctic Circle. The little the president 'Of Guatemala; the sectDwn has from 400 to 600 inhabitants, Dnd tD Trinidad Bac, 'One of two native with many migratory residents. For assistant translatDrs called the Paul 'Of most 'Of the year it is almost iSDlated his people; a third tD Mrs. Greenleaf, frDm civilizatiDn. It receives four who has contributed liberally t'O the mails annually, three by dog team and Bible Institute of Panajachel and four 'One by bDat in the summer time. Sup- copies tD y'Oung men who had aided in plies are received once a year thrDugh the translation. The copies were b'Ound the Steamship HDlmes, an 'Old sailing in the colors 'Of the natiDnal fiag, on vessel that visits Dut-Df-the-way fish- excellent paper and appeal tD the ing hamlets 'On the CDast. In 1928, the Indians' artistic sense.

t'Own became mDre clDsely connected The great masses of these Indians with the WDrld by the installatiDn 'Of a cannDt read or write. The next few wireless, and in 1929, a gDvernment mDnths an intensive campaign is tD be radiD receiving and brDadcasting set carried 'On whereby grDups of workers was installed. are to meet with Cakchiquel brethren The w'Ork dDne by the Presbyterian in strategic centers tD prepare them Church is mDst nDtewDrthy, hDspitali- to teach 'Others to read. zati'On being a particularly valuable feature. Dr. and Mrs. Henry W. EUROPE Griest serve as physician, pastor and Methodist Union in England head nurse respectively. ON JULY 16th the representative There are 'Only tWD m'Onths in the session of the Wesleyan Methodist year, July and August, when there is Conference voted, by 558 t'O 14, in 0''0 snDW 'On the grDund. favor of the scheme for amalgamating LATIN AMERICA the Weslevan Methodist, Primitive Methodist' and United Methodist New Merger in Porto Rico Churches int'O one bcdy. As this year's ANEW merger 'Of den'Ominations has Primitive Methodist and United Meth- taken place in PDrtD RicD where odist Conferences reached the same the mi·ssions 'Of the CDngregatiDnal, decision by majorities 'Of ninety-nine the Christian and the United Brethren per cent, the way is now clear for the Churches have cDmbined tD fDrm the actual union. Next year each of the Evangelical Church 'Of PDrtD RicD. three conferences will first meet sepa- The new group has a membership 'Of rately fDr the transaction 'Of ordinary 3,518 and embraces 36 native IDeal business, and will then adjourn f'Or a churches and 74 ,'Other pDints where united meeting in London on Septem- regular services are held; 77 Bible ber 20th. From that date MethDdism schools enr'Oll 6,292 and 42 young peD- in Great Britain will enter up'On a new pIe's societies have 1,587 members. era. The almost unanimous vote in the During 1930 a little mDre than $13,000 three conferences is an encouraging was raised IDcally for the work, $57,- omen for the future.

000 being contributed by the missi'On Following the decision looking to- bDards 'Of the three den'Ominations in ward Methodist uni'On, it is rep'Orted the United States. The total valuati'On that the Wesleyan Methodist Confer- of 50 church edifices and other build- ence has agreed t'O give the Federal ings is almost $500,000. Council 'Of the Evangelical Free

Churches authority to accept the Arch- men there for ultimate settlement in bishop of Canterbury's invitation to Palestine. Gifts amounting. to £265 appoint representatives of the Free were pledged or given and an anony- Churches. The Free Church repre- mous contributor promised £1,000 for sentatives will meet Church of Eng- the project.-The Christian.

land representatives to renew confer- ences on the subject of reunion. Mission Congress in Pa.ris Hebrew Christian Alliance PROTESTANTS in France every year hold a congress which they T HE Hebrew Christian Alliance call the Protestant Week, organized by held its third International Confer- the Evangelical Federation.' This year ence in England with approximately it gave place to a "Congress of Mis- 200 delegates, representing 23 coun- sions" which was an eloquent demon- tries. The dominant note was the ear- stration of the interest which the mis- nest desire that Christ should be the sionary work arouses among French center of the Conference, of the work Protestants and among many friends of the Alliance, and the lives of its of every good cause who appreciate members. Reports of the condition of the educational and social value of this the Jewish people in different coun- Christian work. tries led to a discussion as to the best In the Colonial Exposition, along- way of winning them for Christ, and side of the Roman Catholic Pavilion, the responsibility of the International stood the one of Protestant Missions Hebrew Christian Alliance. The prob- with exhibits in which were indige- lem of the Hebrew Christian in coun- nous objects typical of every country, tries where Roman Catholicism and photographs, pictures, giving an idea Greek Orthodoxy predominates, and of the labor put forth by the Evan- where the Reformed Churches are gelical Missions.

anti-Semitic in outlook, was discussed. The meetings of the Congress were and a commission of inquiry was ap~ well attended and the subjects for dis- pointed. cussion were presented by competent The plight of Hebrew Christians in and experienced men. The self-denying Poland was noted and in certain cases and heroic work of the French Evanmissionaries in that country have felt gelical missionaries had thus been compelled to refuse or delay baptism made known to many and it is to be to converts because of economic re- hoped that the Mission Society will sults inevitable. The Jew who openly receive an increase of sympathy and confesses his faith in Christ loses his of means in its extensive work.-Esmeans of livelihood, and is faced with pana Evangelica.

starvation for himself and his family.

A scheme was outlined by Rev. H. The Church and the State in Italy T C. Carpenter for the establishment of HERE is sure to be trouble when an agricultural colony at an initial cost . both Church and State claim su- of about £3,000. In such a colony men preme authority over national sub- could be received and trained, and jects. In Italy Premier Mussolini be- given work. The scheme was com- came suspicious 'Of the "Catholic Ac- mended by Sir Leon Levison, who ex- tion" societies as being out of har- plained that the trustees of Abraham's mony with Facism. He ordered them Vineyard, Jerusalem, had been offered dissolved. This was considered by the £15,000 for the property, and were Vatican a blow at the Church and·the considering the sale and the purchas- Pope issued an Encyclical on July 4th, ing of agricultural land in Palestine, making it clear that .the diplomatic upon which Hebrew Christian families interchanges between the Vatican and could be settled. He suggested inter- the Italian Government had contrib- relating the two schemes, to relieve uted nothing toward clearing up the the situation in Poland-and to train controversy. The question is: Who

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

is to control the training of the youth synod, to study the problem of reli- of Italy? The State, says II Duce. gious education in Greece, and "under- The Church, says the Vatican. The take whatever seems necessary to oath of unconditional obedience to "an bring the standards of religious edu- authority which can give orders cation in Greece up to the best mod- against all truth and justice" is illicit, ern requirements." The increase of says the Pope. His description of the sermons in the church, almost un- State-in contrast with the Church- known ten years ago, and its enlarged as "an authority which can give or- social and philanthropic work since ders against all truth and justice" the War, offer evidence that the does not help in restoring a pleasant Church in Greece is trying to meet the feeling between Church and State. On moral and social requirements of to- September 1st, an agreement was day. Among its first actions, the com- reached restoring the right of "Cath- mittee has announced a prize to be olic Action" but limiting them wholly awarded the author of the best study to social and religious activities. The of the history of religious education.

question of Catholic schools is not yet settled. Protestantism in Jugoslavia Anti-Protestp.nt Activity ALAW has been promulgated in Jugoslavia indicating the amount APRESS despatch from Rome, dated of government support to be given August 27th, reports that Pope annually to the Protestant churches in Pius XI plans, in his next pastoral the country. The total sum (1,444,000 letter, to intensify his protests against din.) will be divided according to the American Protestants "proselyting" membership statistics furnished by in Italy. the churches.

This decision was prompted by the The Council of Bishops of the Serlaying of the cornerstone of the large bian Orthodox Church convened Sep- Methodist church at Tagliacozzo, not tember 14th, to make final decisions far from Rome. Methodists went about the new church constitution infrom Rome to swell the crowd of local tended to adapt the church law and adhe"ents and the ceremony was re- politics to post-war conditrons, political garded as a challenge to the Catholic and national. Church.

The ceremony was conducted in The fourth annual convention of Italian and a copy of the authorized temperance societies in Jugoslavia has English v3rsion of the Bible was just closed in Belgrade. It lasted four placed in the cornerstone. days and was attended by over 200 Missionary efforts of Methodists in official delegates.

the town of Anticoli Corrado, where American pastors distributed Bibles Gospel on the Russian Frontier to the people, resulted in the Catholic STRATEGIC points along the Ruspriest at Anticoli Corrado asking the sian frontier are being occupied people to bring the Bibles to him and by agents of the Religious Tract Sohe burned them. ciety of Great Britain for the purpose of distributing literature to counter- The Tagliacozzo Church was built act the atheistic efforts of the Soviet by Italians who had returned from Union. One means of communication America. The Methodist Episcopal with the interior is through the lum- Church's missionary activity in Italy bermen who come down the rivers on has been reduced to a minimum by the timber rafts, and return with Gospels present laws.

Religious Educa.tion in Greece and other literature. Other Russians, T HE synod of the Church of Greece whose labors bring them to the fron- has instituted a committee of eight, tier, are another means of contact.- presided over by the president of the Alliance Weekly.

Atheism in Russia took especial interest in the develop- ment of the Swedish Church Mission I N MOSCOW an atheistic university in China and his viewpoints bore rich for children was recently organ- fruit in the conduct of this work. ized. The purpose of this is to train antireligious agitators, propagandists AFRICA and organizers in schools, collective farms, vacation colonies and families. Ocean-to-Ocean Railway Instruction is to be given once a day for a five-day week. Every pioneer T HE first train to cross Africa from group, or atheistic group, in the ocean to ocean left Lobito, on the schools must send six children to the west coast, early in July, and ran to university. The children are divided Beira, on the east coast, a distance of into brigades, each brigade comprising 2,949 miles. This train traversed in two to three schools. The leader is re- turn Portuguese, Belgian, British, and sponsible for the attendance and work again Portuguese territory. of the children. A contest has been organized for the best work, the most The enterprise is predominantly assiduous attendance and the best dis- British, and will always be associated cipline. After studying "Religion, Col- with the names of Cecil Rhodes and lective Farming and Campaign of Sir Robert Williams. A correspondent Seed-sowing:' the university is to pro- of the London Times writes: ceed to the collective farms and the children are to enact their antireli- It was by the decision of Cecil Rhodes gious propaganda. that Beira became the port for Rhodesia; it was Williams who, having convinced The Soviet authorities have refused himself Qf the mineral wealth of Kaadmission to a number of American tanga, determined that it should have a ministers who wanted to take part in direct outlet to the sea by the shortest the tours organized by the Soviet gov- route-namely, to the west coast through ernment. The tourist agencies have Angola. been notified that the participation of ministers in such tours "is fo)," the This railway, like the airplane, will present not desirable." be of immense benefit to missionarv work in Africa by transporting mis- sionaries, Bibles, mail and provisions.

ReforlllS in Abyssinia Arehbishop Jonathan Soderblolll ALL Christians will be interested in recent news from the land which T HE Svensk Missionstidning brings gave to Christianity its first known a charming tribute to the late African convert. Ethiopia was a Archbishop Soderblom by Bishop Da- Christian land hundreds of years benell, relating the archbishop and the fore America was discovered. On July cause of missions. As a student, Dr. 16th by decree of the "Conquering Soderblom became interested in for- Lion of Judah and Elect of God," Emeign missions and was an active leader peror Haile Selassie, the government in the student missionary society at of ancient Ethiopia has been changed Upsala. He was for a long time the from an absolute to a constitutional editor of a missionary magazine pub- monarchy. The new constitution, lished by the students and laid the granted by the Emperor upon his own foundations for a more thorough un- initiative, provides for two legislative derstanding of the problems of mis- chambers with responsible ministers sions in his own country. to carry out decisions reached. This is in line with other reforms previous- As archbishop he was the president ly undertaken by him to better the of the Swedish Mission Society's condition of his ten million subjects. Board of Directors and it was here He had begun the establishment of that his rich endowment as a scholar schools and has issued a decree makshone. His influence led to many re- ing education compulsory. The Emforms in the conduct of the work. He

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

peror promises that the future devel- workers are overwhelmed by the situaopment of the empire will be "inspired tion. Over 60 new outstations were by scientific principles." The Emperor, added in three weeks. heir apparent and foreign diplomats all signed the new Constitution. One young catechist has 14 villages under him, and in each village there A New Mass Movell1ent are anywhere from one to three hun- dred people clamoring for instruction T OKOJA is well known to all inter- in the Christian religion. L ested in the history of Northern The head chief of this Bassa dis- Nigeria. The now overgrown and trict, who is a Moslem, offered to build desolate site mentioned in "The Ro- a house and school free of all cost to mance of the Black River," still known the Society if only they would go and in Africa as Victoria, was the first live among them. foothold given to the British in the vast Northern Nigeria 91 years ago. The Sunday morning attendance at Looking across the broad expanse of church in one town rose from an averthe Niger and Benue from that spot age of 70 to 500 one Sunday, 800 the one can see the town of Gbebe, where next, and the following Sunday there the fir·st converts to Christianity were were over 1,000! baptized in 1862. Progress in East Africa Lokoja was the place chosen by pioneers from which to reach out to Bida T HE Anglican Bishop on the Upper .and the vast unevangelized north. The Nile, Dr. A. L. Kitching, gives a C. M. S. has two churches in Lokoja in vivid picture in the Church Missionary which services are held in four differ- Outlook of the wonderful progress in ent languages every Sunday. The the Elgon Mission, a Kenya Colony clergyman in charge is the son of an field occupied thirty-one years ago. At African martyr who was killed by present there are 13,000 inquirers poisoned arrows when preaching the under regular instruction for baptism, Gospel. There is an excellent school and 54,000 people of all ages meeting with over 200 pupils. day by day in the "bush" schools, as the most elementary type of school is The work in the surrounding dis- called. trict calls for much prayer. A mass movement and a martyrdom took place The Christian community numbers here within two months. 77,000, and out of that number 2,100, 01' one in every thirty-seven, are en- A young Yoruba prophet whom "the gaged in some form of church work. Lord took," not from "foJIowing the To equip these workers for their task flock," like Amos, but from driving a is a most important matter. The idea steamroller, gave up his lucrative job of service is very real to Elgon Chrisand started preaching. His theme was tians, the majority of these 2,100 confession and repentance of sin and workers being supported by the Afribelief in Jesus. He possesses the gift can Christian community, assisted by of healing, and wonderful cures have government grants for the betterbeen effected. Thousands of people qualified schoolmasters. have flocked to him, bringing their sick ones with them. Hundreds have Lovedale Anniversary confessed their sins of witchcraft, thousands have publicly burned their I N JULY, Lovedale Institute in idols, while Moslems have given up South Africa celebrated its ninetheir rosaries. These people are now tieth anniversary. The Institute was clamoring for Christian instruction. named in memory of the Rev. Dr. John Love who, when quite a young man in In the Bassa country the entire London, wrote a circular letter calling heathen population have given up together a number of friends to contheir idols and are pouring into the sider whether Christian people in church. The little handful of C. M. S. Great Britain were not neglecting a

duty since they did not send the Gos- quest of the British Government in pel to the peoples of Africa and other 1928, because the efforts to suppress lands. As a result of that circular and opium smuggling had failed. In the the meeting which followed, there was fifteen oountries visited there are founded the London Missionary So- nearly 350,000 legal smokers of opium ciety in 1795; of that Society Mr. and at least more than twice as many Love became the first Secretary. In illegal smokers. The Governments con- 1800 he removed to Glasgow and, while cerned derive £9,000,000 from its sale there, became in 1807, Chairman of every year. Smugglers make as much the Glasgow Missionary Society, and and more. The Commissiun makes from 1809 until his death in 1825 he several suggestions at the end of its was secretary of it. Lovedale was report: There must be more continu- given its name to commemorate Dr. ous international cooperation. There Love. must be far more scientific and med- Good News from. Minga ical research. Credit for purchases should not be given to any smoker. REV. J. J. DAVIS, missionary in The price should be kept so low as to charge of the evangelistic depart- make smuggling unprofitable. Lastly, ment of the Southern Methodist work there should be a permanent League at Minga, in the Belgian Congo, sends Opium Office in the Far East.-Indian the following encouraging report: Witness.

During the past year we have traveled Coming Student Volunteer Convention over the Minga District about 450 miles, preaching the Gospel, interviewing chiefs, BUFFALO has been chosen for the' and trying to encourage the native evan- forthcoming Quadrennial Convengelists. We have preached 212 times tion of the Student Volunteer Moveduring the year, have received into the ment, December 30, 1931, to January church forty-two members, and have 3, 1932. This convention will probbuilt eight new churches. ably bring together fur five days be- The general state of the church is tween 3,500 and 4,500 students from better than at the beginning of the year. 750 to 800 colleges, universities, and Some have come saying that they wanted professional schools throughout Canto give up all their superstitions and ada and the United States. false beliefs. . Many native evangelists show a genu- The program is being built around ine desire to have the fire of God in their the theme, "The Living Christ in the hearts and to help others find Christ as World of Today." The aim will be to their Saviour and friend. present to students a comprehensive view of the world, the enterprise of MISCELLANEOUS Another Million TestlU11ent Cam.paign T HE recent Million Testaments Christian missions at work in the Campaign for Latin America has world, and what students must do to reached its goal. More than 38,000 help the Church in its missionary task contributions from 20,000 donors fi- at home and abroad. Speakers will in- nanced the project. Previous to the clude missionaries and mission board Latin America campaign there was a secretaries, leading Japanese, Chinese, similar effort in China. It is now pro- and other Christian nationals. Dr.

posed to carry out a Million Testa- Paul Harrison of Arabia, Dr. John ments campaign for the students in Mackay of South America, and Mr.

the United States and Canada, supply- D. D. T. Jabavu 'of South Africa are ing all institutions of learning with among those who have agreed to par- attractively bound New Testaments. ticipate.

League of Nations and Opium. During the Student Volunteer Move- ment's history, over 12,500 Student T HE new League Report on Opium Volunteers have gone out as mission- Smoking in the Far East brings aries to foreign lands and thousands out several hitherto unknown facts. of others have entered into Christian The Commission was set at the re- service in North America.

WORTH

~~ Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Making of Modern Missions. By tells, simply, and powerfully, the story Stacy R. Warburton. 8vo. 196 pp. of the pains through which Africa has $1.50. Revell. New York. 1931. begun to emerge, birth pains of her own suffering and the pain of those No one can understand fully the who gave life that she might live. We progress of civilization who does not meet the pioneers of the "White Man's know the facts of religious history- Graveyard," men like Paull, Wilson, especially of Christian missions. This Nassau, Good. We see them walking religious influence and progress goes the palm-fringed shore and the long back to the dawn of history and Chris- trails of the forest, enduring the heat tian missions began with the advent of of the day, the chill of night, the del- Christ. The situation in the world to- uge, the drought, the loneliness; we day is the result of the acceptance or see them sustained in all and through rejection of Christ's program, ignor- all by the "durable satisfactions" until ance or compromise concerning the they poured out their last measure of Gospel and its implications. devotion in death.

Prof. Warburton has given us a Part II is a more personal narrative. very careful and thoughtful study of Mr. Wheeler takes us on a personally the significance, the purpose and the conducted tour down the West Coast, development of Christian missions. along shores once ·so familiar to the These six chapters present a philos- slavers, into the jungle and out on the ophy of missions-discussing their other side into the tall grass. Attensignificance, aim, methods and author- tion is directed to the laudable work of ity. The author rightly holds that the the French Government in combating aim of missions is to present Christ sleeping sickness, "the scourge of as the only sufficient Saviour from sin Africa." A short chapter on apes, and its consequences. He is unique with which the author became very and the final authority for proclaiming familiar, is included. the Gospel to all.

The Words of God in an African Forest. The larger part is devoted to the work of the Pre.sbyterian mission. We WTheestSAtofrryicao.f aBnyAWm.eRriecganinaMldissWiohneeiln- visit stations in the Cameroun and er. 8vo. lIlus. 318 pp. $3. Revell. New York. Spanish Guinea where the work was made possible through the efforts and The African has a tale of a man who sacrifices of the pioneers, and there we set a trap in the forest. Each animal catch intimate glimpses of the modern . caught raised its voice at the uplifted missionary at work: doctor, teacher, spear saying, "Don't kill me; some- printer, builder, minister.

thing better is coming!" The patience To the missionary the book brings a of the man was finally rewarded. quickening of the pulse, a renewing of vows; to the friend of missions it Here is a book for which we have offers cause for thanksgiving fo r the been waiting. It takes us through one evidences of the Kingdom of God comhundred years of a mission in Africa ing in West Africa.-J. MeN. -"emerging Africa." The author 797

Tanganyika's New Day. By the Rt. Rev. The Japan Mission Year Book. Edited G. A. Chambers. 68 pages. Is. Church by L. J. Shafer. 8vo. 449 pp. Yen Missionary Society. London. 1931. 2.50 (U. S. A. $1.50). Kyo Bun Kwan. Tokyo. 1931. A description by the Bishop of Central Tanganyika of an African "dio- The outstanding feature-s of this cese including 2,000,000 out of the 4,- year book are the reviews of the gen- 300,000 Africans who comprise the eral Christian situation by the Rev. native population of the territory, the A. Ebizawa, the relation of Christianinhabitants of an area 200,000 square ity to Shintoism by Dr. Toyohiko Kamiles in extent." The missionary re- gawa, the story of the missionary situsponsibility for service in this area ation by the Rev. W. G. Hoekji and has been accepted by the Federal Coun- student thought and Christianity by cil of the Australian Church Mission- Prof. S. Nakajima. There are over ary Society, and Bishop Chambers, an twenty-five chapters on Christianity Australian, in 1927 was consecrated at and Education, Social Reform, Liter- Canterbury as the first Bishop of this ature, Religion and the general situa- tion in Japan. Two chapters are diocese. devoted to Formosa-evangelism in North Formosa and work among the Tanganyika is a mandate held by aborigines. There are also five appen- Great Britain under the League of dices and various directories and tables Nations and Bishop Chambers' brief of statistics. -The chapters are well volume presents a clear picture and a worth reading and give the most genconcise summary of the work which eral up-to-date and authoritative in- Australian missionaries are carrying formation in existence in regard to on with and for the native peoples of Christianity and its impact upon Jathis African mandate.-W. R. W. pan. There are now 58 missionary bodies working in Japan and two in Beautiful Gold-A Story of Burma. By Formosa, with 1,198 foreign mission- Robert Bruce Thurber. 12mo. 211 pp. aries and 5,573 native Christian em- $1.50. Revell. New York. 1931. ployed workers. These have founded 2,155 organized churches and gath- Hla Shway (translated "Beautiful ered 214,970 baptized Christians. Gold") was a Burmese maiden of many There is the usual alphabetical list of adventures. Left an orphan when a missionaries and mission stations. young girl, she escaped the evil designs of men and the dangers of man-hunting Bahaism; Its Origin, History and Teachtigers. She was very beautiful but ings. By William McElwee Miller. Indeveloped leprosy and wandered far to troduction by Robert E. Speer, D.D. secure the famous kalow bean from 12mo. 214 pp. Revell, New York. which comes chaulmoogra oil which 1931. was reputed to cure the dread disease. She found the bean, a friend, a mis- One of the modern religious movesion hospital, a trade, a lover and ments which has left a considerable above all found Christ her Saviour. impression upon the Near East, espe- The story of how she sought and found cially in Persia, and strangely enough are graphically told and the story in its later developments upon some breathes a Burmese atmosphere of individuals and circles in the West, town and jungle. The leprosy cure is assumed that of Bahaism. In its short a little too -speedy and too certain to history of less than 100 years it has 'correspond with fact-as is possibly assumed many forms. In the middle true also of her quick conversion to of the last century it appeared under Christ. There is also an error in the the name of Babism, from the title statement that there are no lepers in Bab (the Gate) appropriated by its the United States. But the story is a martyred founder and head, Mirza Ali good, interesting, wholesome tale Muhammad of Shiraz, Persia. It soon which also throws light on life in Bur- spread rapidly but secretly (due to ma.

BOOKS WORTH READING

persecution) into all parts of that tributed by two missionaries in Per- country. Less than twenty years after sia. The first was by Dr. S. G. Wilson the violent death of the Bab however, called "Bahaism and its Claims," pub- one of his disciples, Baha'u'llah set up lished in 1915. This new presentation the claim to be a new "Manifestation of the subject supplements Dr. Wil- of God," of whom the Bab was only a son's interesting and scholarly work.

forerunner or John the Baptist. With and brings the story down to date, incredible suddenness the followers of putting its history and theology into the latter ,switched to the new incar- a form accessible to the ordinary nation with his abrogating revelation, reader. Mr. Miller's knowledge of the and since that day the Babi faith has vernacular, which has given him ac- been superseded by its spiritual child, cess to Persian literature, as well as the Bahai. English and French, his personal con- Born in Persia, with its roots deep tacts with Bahais on the missionary in the religious ideas, endemic in Shi- field, and his visit to Shoghi Effendi.

ite Mohammedanism, of divine incar- the present head of the faith, enables nations or manifestations and of him to speak with precision and au- prophetic cycles or returns, it has thority. The result is a bOQk that is gradually changed its character clear, direct, readable, thoroughly in- through the efforts ·of Baha'u'llah and teresting to anyone who cares about his son Abbas Effendi to speak (at modern religious movements. At the least to occidental ears) a more uni- same time its thoroughness and care- versal language. Discarding for its ful documenting of all statements western audience some of its Shiite makes it very satisfactory to scholars.

jargon, so unmeaning to most of us, That the author finds little to com- it is now proclaiming the approved and mend in the character of the religion unoriginal ideas of "oneness of the and in its record is no proof of his human race," "international peace," "missionary prejudices." It is rather "the equality of men and women" and the attitude, we feel, that all must "universal education." But back in take who know the facts. It is a good its old home in the East Bahaism is book to give to anyone interested in still in theological terminology and the history of religion, but especially spirit essentially a sect of Islam. Ex- to put into the hands of those in cept for the enthusiasm and devotion America and England who have been of many of its early followers and swept away by the appeal Bahaism is their missionary and martyr spirit, making (for western consumption) in few religions have offered less of the behalf of humanism, internationalism bread of life for the spiritual hunger and racial brotherhood. R. M. L.

of mankind. Its theology is absurdly imaginary and mystical; its practical "Out of the Depths"-The Life-Story of inj unctions legalistic, barren, trivial; Henry F. Milans. By Ensign Clarence its history one of bitter contentions W. Hall, with Foreword by Evangeline for personal supremacy that have not C. Booth. 224 pp. $1.50. Revell. 1930.

stopped short of assassination, mutila- This is a complete account of the tion and forgery of documents, and marvelous work of the grace of God wholesale misrepresentations. in the absolute deliverance of an edu- The story of this strange movement cated drunken bum, literally brought in its earliest stages was written in up "out of the depths" through the French by the Count de Gobineau; Salvation Army. It gives thrilling later in much fuller form was told in evidence of the precious truth that English by the gifted, scholarly and salvation is by faith in the Lord Jesus sympathetic Dr. E. C. Browne of Christ. It is a marvelous case, splen- Cambridge University. In America didly written and full of fine touches.

valuable volumes on the principles and So sudden and complete was the practices of Bahaism have been con- change in this man that it confirms

faith in the power of Jesus, through day to other communions and the atti- His death to save the worst. Here is tude of the people of the young Re- the whole story of Henry Milans- public toward the social problems parentage, work on the newspapers of which grew out of the common use of New York, the grip of the awful habit, alcoholic liquors and the institutions falls, loss of everything, the awful life of slavery. An exhaustive bibliography on the Bowery, given up by the doc- makes the book of great value to stu- tors as a hopeless alcoholic. Then the dents. A second volume, soon to be love of God shown in the workers of published, will tell of Presbyterians the Salvation Army, the act of faith, and Congregationalists during the the great change, the noble struggle, same period. B. G. J.

the regaining of his position, and Bible Characters in the Koran. By John home. Finally we read of the conse- Walker. 136 pp. 68, 6d. Paisley. crated zeal of Mr. Milans in the work London. 1931. he is now carrying on, witnessing and writing innumerable letters to save To those who desire a brief introothers. It is unforgettable! There is duction to a fascinating subject we pardon and love and hope for the heartily recommend this little volume. worst sinners in any land! Hallelujah! It is generally known that there are many references, especially to Old FRANK LUKENS. Testament Bible characters, in the Religion on the American Frontier-The Koran. The author presents these in alphabetical order from Aaron to Baptists 1783-1830. A collection of Zacharias. As he points out in his source material. By William Warren Preface, his object was "to present in Sweet. 652 pp. Holt. New York. 1931.

This is the first of a series of vol- an accessible form all the Biblical perumes, projected from source materials sonages who are mentioned either dicovering the full story of American rectly or indirectly by Mohammed in Christianity. It deals with the expan- his Koranic utterances. The Koran itself is such a medley of fantastic ficsion of Baptists into the territory be- tion and apocryphal illusions that it is tween the Alleghany Mountains and interesting to separate the biblical the Mississippi River, from the close elements from the rest…… The great of the Revolution to the year 1830. Arabian prophet, it must be remem- Its author is professor of History of bered, never received our canonical American Christianity in the University of Chicago Divinity School. The Scriptures. He had to depend on early chapters discuss the status of the garbled accounts, on Talmudic legends Baptists in America at the close of and fantasies; on the reports of false gospels; on the figments of Jewish the Revolution; Baptist migration and Christian proselytes; and on any and expansion westward; the frontier oral informatIon that might be given Baptist preacher and the frontier Bap- to him by the members of his housetist church; the rise of the antimission Baptists, and anti-slavery hold or the companions of his travels." movements among Baptists. The A similar compilation appeared some larger part of the book makes avail- years ago by a Moslem convert in able a rare collection of documents India, but that was merely a series of selected from manuscripts and out-of- Koran passages. Mr. Walker gives in print sources, such as records and addition SQme excellent critical notes.

biographical material from the diaries S. M. Z.

of frontier preachers and the minutes The Preaching Value of Missions. By of early Baptist churches and associa- Helen Barrett Montgomery. 166 pp. tions in Kentucky and Illinois. These $1. Judson Press, Phila., Pa.

documents illuminate the discipline of The author is well known for her the local church membership, the re- deep interest in the subject and her lation of the Baptist churches of that experience in winning others for the

enterprise. She gives six The Twenty-third Psalm. By John Mc-

reasons why the study and teaching "'eill. 12mo. 94 pp. 28, 6d. Pickering of Missions are valuable-"for the and Inglis. London. 1931. pastor's own spiritual welfare, for the revivifying of the Christian life of the Dr. McNeill, the well-known and genial Scotch preacher, has a gift for church, for the rekindling of a living picturesque exposition and illustrafaith in the fundamental truths of the tion. He here sets forth graphically Gospel, for opening the springs of and with many colloquial Scotch saygenerosity in the church membership, ings, the cheering statements of the for developing the heroic and the sac- Shepherd's Psalm as six strings of the rificial in Christian experience of the psalmist's harp on which he plays whole church, and for development of heavenly music. It is a comforting, a true world outlook and international strengthening exposition-not deep interest in both pastor and people." but true and refreshing.

After having shown the value, Mrs. The Lord's Day or Sabbath. By Norman Montgomery presents a study of Mis- C. Deck. 12mo. 157 pp. 38. Pickersions in the Old Testament, in the ing and Inglis. London. 1931. New Testament, and in history. The neglected field of Mission biography, Many missionaries are troubled by as an inspiration for the pulpit and the Old Testament legalistic teachings the pew, is pointed out together with of Seventh-Day Adventists who have methods for building up a missionary- entered their field and seek to draw minded church. It is astonishing to away Christian converts who have find no reference to missions to Mo- learned that salvation comes by works. hammedan lands; the bibliography, This is a clear and convincing study of which is fairly good, has the same the question as to whether Christians blind spot. The lectures were delivered should observe the seventh day as the at Newton Theological Seminary so Sabbath or the first day of the week that the omission may be accounted as the Lord's Day. Missionaries will for by the fact that the Baptists of find it clear and helpful.

North America have no work in Mos- The Message of the Home Mission Congress lem lands. s. M. Z. of the United Presbyterian Church of North America. Pittsburgh, Pa. 1931.

The Spirit Filled Life or the Lord, the A strong program and powerful ad- dresses from leaders in many branches Spirit. By George Goodman. 12mo. of the Christian Church made up the 216 pp. 38. Pickering and Inglis. Lon- don. 1931.

The Holy Spirit is far too widely Congress held in Pittsburgh last May.

"grieved," neglected and unknown Anyone interested in Home Missions among Christians today. Few of them and Christians interested in the pro- know the teaching of the New Testa- gram of Christ will be stirred and in- ment on this important subject They structed by reading these messages.

do not know whether to speak of Here, in eleven addresses, one may "Him" or "It" and do not realize His gain light on many topics, such as, the nature or His work in the Church to- new frontiers in Home Missions- day. Mr. Goodman presents here a largely in our cities and unchurched Biblical study of the subject in forty areas; we are impressed by Dr. W.

brief chapters. It is not a new pres- E. McCulloch with the magnitude and entation or a philosophical or the- importance of the Home Mission ological treatise but it is a very prac- Task; we see, through the eyes of Dr.

tical and illuminating study. What a C. B. McAfee, America against the transformation would come in the background of the World; we study Church and in individuals if these with Rev. Carl Wallace Petty, the place facts were made vital in everyday life of Home Missions in the modern world.

and work! The extent of the study and The ninety-six pages of this little its ramifications arz indicated by the pamphlet are packed full of fuel and fact that the index contains over 100 fire for pastors who wish to preach subtopics. Home Mission sermons.

to Others Real Value. The MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

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CANADIAN OBITUARY PACIFIC •••••••• TO TIlE BISHOP WILLIAM BENJAMIN BEAU- World'. OG…..R… T.i…£…. n.,….r.. CHAMP, president of the Board of Missions and Superintendent of the Tenth Episcopal District of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, died June 28th.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REV'IEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. MISSIONARY PERSONALS REVIEW OF THE WORLD DR. TOYOHIKO KAGAWA of Japan is in America and his engagements are as fol- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor lows: From July 27th to August 9th he was attending Y. M. C. A. conferences in CONTENTS-September, 1931 Toronto and Cleveland. August 10th-12th he was in Chicago, Ill., at the Divinity SPECIAL HOME MISSION NUMBER School, University of Chicago; Septem- ber 1st-7th he is booked for the Earl Page Lectures, Pacific School of Religion, MAP-FRONTISPIECE …….•……. Berkeley, California; September 8th- 12th he will be at Oakland, Calif., at "'VHERE THE UNCHURCHED A1IER]~ Mills College, and September 16th-20th CANS LIVE,l' in Portland, Ore., at Reed College. On September 26th-28th he goes to Oberlin, RELIGION IN AMERICA – WHITHER? Ohio, to give three lectures in the Grad- uate School of Theology and October Sth- ••……..••••• HU(}H rTnOhlAS KERR 645 10th he is to give the Shaffer Lectures at the Yale Divinity School. Then, Oc- HOW A CITY WAS EVANGELIZED …. tober 14th-16th, he returns to Toronto, •••••••••••• SAMUEf. SHOEMAKER, JR. 651 Canada, to lecture under the joint aus- pices of School of Missions and Foreigu EVANGELIZING YOUNG MEN OF DUB- Mission Boards. LIN ••••••…••.• REGINAI,D WALLIS 657 *** THE CHALLENGE OF HOME MISSIONS .•••••..•……… E. D. KOHLSTEDT 661 PROFESSOR W. C. WILLOUGHBY of the Kennedy School of Missions, Hartford, WHERE ARE THE UNCHURCHED Connecticut, has retired from work in the AMERICANS? ……………… . school and returned to England with ……•••.••. E],]ZAnETH R. HOOKER 667 Mrs. Willoughby. He has rendered a distinguished service to Africa and to UNSOLVED PROBLEMS IN HOME MIS- the missionary enterprise during his SIONS …•. , .• HERMANN N. MORSE 673 twelve years as Professor of Missions in Africa. The Trustees of the Foundation HAS THE DAY OF THE COUNTRY granted him the degree of S.T.D., and CHURCH GONE? •.• MALCOLM DANA 679 made him professor emeritus.

CAN AMERICA ENDURE WITHOUT RE- LIGION? …..•••. JOHN McDow",,!, 6R4 AMERICA AS SEEN BY AN ORIENTAL ••..•…••..••.•••…••. PAUl, AUH 687 METHODS F'OR WORKERS ………. . PROFESSOR ANDREW F. HENSEY, who …………… MRs. F. 1. JOHNSON 690 has recently returned from the Belgian Congo, has taken up the work of Prof. WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BUL- Willoughby in the Kennedy School of LETIN . . . . . . . . • . EDITED BY HELEN Missions. He was formerly a member M. BRICKMAN AND Fr,oRENCE TYLER 692 of faculty of the College of Missions in Indianapolis and is a member of the WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK •••.••.••… 698 Royal Belgian Commission for the Pro- tection of Natives in the Congo. Recently BOOKS WORTH READING .•…..•..• 713 he was elected Fellow of the Royal Geo- graphic Society. TERMs'-$2.50 II year. ($2.00 In clubs of five.) Foreiga postage, 50 cents. Single copies, *** 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1931, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM· CARLTON M. SHERWOOD is new General PANY, INC. All rights reserved. Secretary of the International Society of Christian Endeavor, elected at the Gold- THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING en Jubilee Convention, San Francisco, 'in COMPANY, INc. which ten thousand young delegates par- ticipated. President Daniel A. Poling ROBlDllT E. SPEER., President called Mr. Sherwood "the field marshal WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-Pre8ldent of a new advance," for the enlarging program of this Christian youth move- DJ:LAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ment. Goals in evangelism, worship, W ALTIIIQ ~IcDoUGALJ., Treasurer membership, tithing, Christian citizen- Publication Omce, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, ship, church unity, and world peace form Pa. 2Gc a copy. $2.50 a year. the basis of the new program of 80,000 societies in the churches of more than Editorial and Business Omee, 1M Fifth Avenue, 80 denominations. Mr. Sherwood is a native of Buffalo, N. Yo, and became New York City president of the Christian Endeavor Union of that city at the age of eighteen. Entered as Becond~clnsB matter a.t the Post He served actively on three fronts in the . Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March World War and upon the signing of the ·S, 1879. armistice became reli~ious work director at Flag Hut, Brest, France. On returning to the United States, he was for CHARLES G. HURLBURT, of the Unevanseven years general secretary of the New gelized Africa Mission, died March 21st. York State Christian Endeavor Union. He was taken ill in French Equatorial Africa, was brought to Aba Station and *** from there to the South Congo where he died. MRS. BURL T. SCHUYLER, M.D., a medical missionary of the Presbyterian *** Church to Ambala, India, has been THE REV. JOHN HUNTER STEARNS, awarded the Kaiser-i-Hind gold medal member of the Council of the Inland in recognition of her outstanding medical South America Missionary Union, died at Torrington, Conn., in May. He was work in India, especially the leper asy- also connected with the National Bible lum in Ambala. . Institute.

*** * ** ROBERT E. LEWIS, for many years gen- THE REV. GEORGE S. MINER, D.D., reeral secretary of the Cleveland Y. M. tired missionary of the Methodist Board C. A., is sailing for China in September, who had spent 37 years in China, died where he will become personal adviser to the Chinese minister of foreign affairs, .. .. . July 3d, at Houston, Texas. Dr. C. T. Wang. Mr. Lewis served in China for years as secretary of the inter- MRS. ADAM J. MARTIN, a Presbyterian national committee of the Y. M. C. A. missionary located at Burity, Brazil, died During his secretaryship a young Chi- June 26th while on furlough to this coun- try. Mrs. Martin went to Brazil in 1918, nese returned from Yale with a Ph.D., and was engaged in educational work at the Presbyterian Mission Farm School. and entered the service of the Y. Within a few years he was general secretary for >I< .. .. China. Later, he entered government service. Today he is foreign minister. DR. RUTH PEABODY HUME, who had Thus Dr. Lewis, who retired from active served as a medical missionary in India service in the Y two years ago, goes for twenty-six years, died June 3d in New Haven. She was sixty years old, a back to China to advise the same Chinese descendant of missionaries for two genwhom he inducted into his career early erations on both sides of her family. She in the century. China will be well served was a daughter of the famous Dr. Robert by the new adviser. A. Hume and was born in Ahmednagar, India, in a house built by her grand- *** father, the Rev. Ebenezer Burgess. Dr. Hume was a graduate and representative THE REV. C. M. LACEY SITES, Meth- of Wellesley College and was director of odist missionary at Kutien, Fukien, the American Hospital for Women and Children in Ahmednagar, under the China, was captured by bandits on July American Board of Foreign Missions. 12th and released July 16th, upon representations by the U. S. Department of State.

*** DR. ARTHUR HENRY LIMOUZE, pastor COMING EVENTS of Northminster Presbyterian Church, Columbus, Ohio, has been elected to the September 9-14-NATIONAL B APT 1ST position of Secretary for Promotion of CONVENTION, Atlanta, Ga. the Presbyterian Board of National Missions, an office left vacant by the death September 16-N A T ION A L COUNCIL, of Dr. Robert S. Donaldson last Febru- PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH, ary. Dr. Limouze takes up his new Denver, Colo. duties September first.

*** September 23-24-COMMITTEE OF REFER- ENCE AND COUNSEL, FOREIGN MIS- DR. ADELAIDE WOODARD, missionary of SIONS CONFERENCE OF NORTH AMERthe Presbyterian Church at Fatehgarh, ICA, New York, N. Y. India, has been given the Kaiser-i-Hind Gold Medal in recognition of her serv- September 28-30-INTERDENOMINATIONices. Dr. Woodard has long been on the AL MISSIONARY INSTITUTE, conducted missionary field and she is the physician by the Philadelphia Federation of in charge of the Memorial Hospital at Churches and the Women's Interde- Fatehgarh. nominational Union of Philadelphia and Vicinity, Philadelphia, Pa. OBITUARY NOTES October 6-11-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- THE REV. JACOB L. HARTZELL, Presby- TION OF DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wichterian missionary from Prae, Siam, died ita, Kan. in the Presbyterian Hospital in Pittsburgh, Pa., on June 14th, while on fur- November 15 – AN INTERDENOMINAlough. Mr. Hartzell went to the field in 1912, and engaged in evangelistic work TIONAL MEETING OF MEN TO COMin Prae, Nan and Lampang. At Lam- MEMORATE THE TWENTY-FIFTH ANpang he was principal of the mission Boys' School NIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDING OF THE LAYMEN'S MISSIONARY MOVEMENT Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church'

New York. ' ~ Old Level Are•• _ Grazing Regions _ Mountain Sections ~ Cut-over Districts ~ Dry-Farming Regions Us ed in uHi nterlana8 oj the Ohuf'ch/J by EUzGbcth R. Hooker.

SOME OF THE REGIONS WHERE THE "UNCHURCHED AMERICANS" LIVE

LIV, No.9 September

RELIGION IN AMERICA-WHITHER?

BY THE REV. HUGH THOMSON KERR, D.D., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Former Moderator of the Prcsbyteria,n Church in the U. S. A-.

PROBABLY the C h r i s t ian realm of science or industry. We Church is more vital, more have produced no great school of influential in America than in theology. Here we follow rather any other part of the world and than lead. Weare still looking yet nowhere does it so much reflect across the seas for light and leadage-old traditions and hark back ing. to ancient inheritance. The Roman Catholic Church looks across It is impossible, moreover, to the sea to Rome. The Protestant think of religion in terms of na- Episcopal Church has its eyes to- tionality. The tides of truth and wards Canterbury, and what is error wash the shores of all nations done at Lambeth finds a response and know no tariff or racial barin every American diocese. Prot- rier. The currents of religious inestantism has its roots in Germany terest and apathy sweep around and Geneva. Presbyterianism fol- the world and there is as much lows the star that arose over difference between situations in Switzerland and Scotland. In a different countries as there is bereal sense the trends of religion in tween sections within the same America were largely determined nation. What is true of religion in long ago and in other lands. America is also true in England and Australia, in China and Cana- Nevertheless North America has da. Four distinct trends in the restamped religion with her own ligious life of America may, howspirit. Its creeds and customs re- ever, be suggested. flect the interpretation of the Scriptures in other lands and other I ages but a new direction has been given to religious activities and A spirit of restlessness charac- America has discovered new appli- terizes our American religious life. cations of the everlasting Gospel. Here religion has the stamp of A recent writer has said that American efficiency, American or- there is in all our life today "a ganization, American publicity, secret and subtle sense of ill-ad- American initiative. Perhaps it justment." This sense of ill-adjustwould be within the truth to say ment is seen in the restlessness of that we have not made the exten- all classes of our social order and sive contribution to reI i g i 0 U s in the irritability which has come thought that we have made in the upon rich and poor. In the words of General Smuts "Humanity has struck its tents and is on the 645

march." We are not sure where any change will reach and remedy the we are going. Neither are we sure unrest among our ministry, unless we would know the goal if we there be a fresh recognition of certain reached it. basic facts. Ours is a ministry of holy things. There it! no place in it for a This restlessness characterizes the ministry of the Church today man who seeks merely temporal rein a marked degree. It is not nec- wards. He who desires fortune or essary to champion the cause of ease or fame should take some other long pastorates in order to find a path. But to the minister of Christ it is given to walk in the way they opened substitute for ministerial unrest who walked with Him in Galilee. To for it is quite possible to have a such a minister it is given to warn series of short pastorates and to sinners, to comfort saints, to preach the acceptable year of the Lord. There possess a quiet heart and a restful are some ancient words of our Consoul. It is not necessary either to fession of which we who bear the decry the low financial return and office of Christ's ministers need often economic pressure under which to be reminded: "The grace of faith, ministers labor for it has been whereby the elect are enabled to beproved beyond a doubt that rest- lieve to the saving of their souls, is the lessness in the ministry does not work of the Spirit of Christ in their spring from this source. A leading hearts, and is ordinarily wrought by and clear thinking Bishop of the the ministry of the Word: by which Episcopal Church stated recently also and by the administration of the Sacraments and prayer, it is increa·sed that in his diocese with 124 clergy and strengthened." This is our holy only eleven are stilI at work in work, this is our high privilege, this ministry of the Word by which faith their parishes after a period of is born and built up. If it must be twelve years. In a Presbytery of done with difficulty, we can remember 29 churches only one minister re- that He also found difficulty. If it be mains at his task after a period of poorly recompensed, neither did He ten years.

The cause of this unrest must be have at times where to lay His head.

sought ben eat h the surface. The King's Highway of the Holy Cross Thomas Carlyle said, "Blessed is is not a smooth road and easily travthe man who has found his work." eled, but it leads to an assured end. If this is true of the ordinary daily toiler, how inestimably true it is of And the further fact is that difthe minister of the Gospel. It is ficulties often fade as a man resolutely faces his task in prayer and reliance the work that rejoices the heart on the Spirit. Some of us can look and feeds the spirit and not the back and wonder why we wanted to locality where that work is done. This spirit of unrest can only be change just then. By staying on pa- tiently we won that victory for Christ. Perhaps if we keep these things in understood when we interpret the mind there will be less need for the motives which draw men into the machinery we today devise. And there will be longer pastorates that shape ministry and keep them there. At through continuous years the life of a the recent General Assembly of the community for Christ and the things Presbyterian Church in the U. S. of His Kingdom." A., after an exhaustive examina- tion of this perplexing subject, the The spirit of unrest which char- report cqncluded with these arrest- acterizes the clergy lays hold also ing words: upon the Church itself. There We do not believe that any plan or never was an age when the words

RELIGION IN AMERICA-WHITHER?

of Jesus were more needed, "Come ric or'the life of the people, should unto me and I will give you rest." reflect the thought and spirit of Church people today want to be in- that people. This has always been terested. They want to be thrilled. true. The creeds of Christendom They crave in the Church the same reflect the thinking of the age in excitement they seek out in the which they were fashioned.The- world. Young people miss some- ology has always been colored by thing. They look on as those who the light and shade of the day are spectators. If the service does when the outline was drawn. Re- not sparkle, they tire. They are ligion cannot be an affair of the onlookers. They do not participate. cloister. It belongs in the arena.

They do not seek the discipline of We cannot build "a lordly pleasure- silence but the delight that comes house, wherein at ease for aye to through surprise, the thrill of dwell." If a choice must be made music, the rhythm of words. What between a religion that is in touch is required is a true appreciation with the newspapers and one that all of what religion means and of gets its inspiration from dead lan- what worship is. Not long since guages, let us by means choose at a great and impressive religious that which is in touch with life.

gathering the audience of over It is not, however, a choice be- three thousand paused for a period tween extremes, and there is little of devotion. The service of wor- danger that we will go to the dead ship was beautifully arranged with languages for our thinking. There song and responses, Scripture and is, however, great danger in taking printed prayer, all set out in a fine our religious convictions from the order of ritual. But in every min- newspapers. A newspaper is a ute of it there was activity and business enterprise and is not an there was evidenced a spirit of re- authoritative, ethical guide. It re- pressed restlessness. At the close flects public opinion and sometimes a lovely voice began to sing the public opinion of a very low order.

words, "0 rest in the Lord. Wait Public opinion, far from being the patiently for Him." The audience voice of God, may be the echo of at first was indifferent, then ar- the mob. The message of God rested, then captured, then it sur- often comes through a voice crying rendered and was quiet and in a in the wilderness.

deep hush the music ended, "0 rest We have frequent illustrations in the Lord. . Wait patiently for of this hysteria of imitation. Eu- Him and He will give thee thy genic societies and reform organi- heart's desire." The Spirit of God zations begin a pUblicity campaign had done His work and restless- about "birth control" Qr "compan- ness, like a bird of prey, took ionate marriage" and immediately wings. Religion will do its best the Church throws upon those sub- work for America when it brings jects the spotlight of debate and quietness to the troubled souls. controversy. Pastors organize fo- H rums for discussion and Church bodies issue deliverances and when The religious life of America re- they cease to become a newspaper flects rather than directs the con- novelty then religion loses interest science of our social order. in them. In the same way we have It is inevitable that religion, had a tidal flood of sermons and which is woven into the very fab- essays reflecting the confusion in

which psychology finds itself until versatile, more vital in America the vocabulary of some preachers than it has ever been. Even stais so weighed with words and tistics are on the side of the phrases that smell of the labora- Church. Its membership keeps tory that even an educated man pace with the tremendous growth who is not a specialist is lost in the of our population. Its money infog. One who has recently gradu- creases from year to year. The ated in the new Psychology or in 232,000 churches of America com- Religious Education considers the pare favorably with the 256,000 theologically trained minister in- public school buildings and the ancapable of understanding what re- nual Church expenditure is 4070 ligion is all about. In a recent ar- as large as the expenditure of all ticle a journalist in passing judg- our public school system. Across ment upon this. craze for modern- the continent new houses of wority says, ship are being built, drawn from plans prepared by the best archi- Publicity has become such an integral part of a minister's training that tects money can secure.* recently, when the Congregationalists, Presbyterians and the Greater New Nevertheless it must be admitted York Federation of Churches passed that there is an increase in the resolutions in the latter part of the number of good people who play week asking for an investigation of fast and loose with their Church New Y.ork City, a dozen ministers obligations. The evening service in changed their sermon subjects over- many churches has been brought night to the problem of "Civic Cor- to an ignominious conclusion. In ruption." many city areas the evening serv- ices in separate churches have been A great philosopher has said, abandoned for union services and "Religion is what we do with our even these union services require solitude" and in a real sense it stimulation. The summer services may be said that religion is at its in many churches, especially in the best when it stands apart and cities, are attended by a minority alone. It looks out from a watch- and the difficulty of obtaining outtower, it proclaims a Gospel, it standing preachers dUring the heralds the corning of a King, it summer season grows year by does not reflect public opinion, it year. We must not forget, howmoulds the thought of men and na- ever, that all through the land extions. It does not rehearse what traordinary services are being held men say, it issues a mandate. It which are crowded with Church does not get its commission from people from all parts of the counindustry or economics or sociology, try. It would seem, however, to be its commission comes from the a fair judgment to say that there Risen Lord. is an increasing irregularity of Church attendance on the part of III Church people themselves. Some- one has said, "There are as many The religious life of America is people going to church today as halting between two opinions con- used to want to go." There may cerning the Christia.n Church. °If there is any doubt on the subject the This is the paradox that char- doubter is recommended to look into a little acterizes modern religion. The volume entitled "The United States Looks at Church is more vigorous, more Its Churches," by C. Luther Fry, for evidence.

be truth in this half humorous de- know, except with a few extreme peofense, for the day of hypocrisy is at ple-very few now-there is no differan end and those who go to Church ence between the Church and the now go because they want to go. world; they are all eating and drink- ing on Sunday, and the younger people Certain influences have been op- are growing up without the fear of erating in the cultivation of this God. We shall have to cease preaching irregularity. It is not possible to on many subjects which are intereststate definitely what the influence ing and profitable, and devote ourselves of the radio has been. It has, how- to the elementary facts and appeals of ever, had some influence. Any in- religion. The Puritans made huge fluence, however, which it has had mistakes for which we paid at the in decreasing church attendance Restoration, but too much has been has been more than counterbal- made of those mistakes. The idea that anced by the good that has come in all Puritans were Philistines and faintroducing religion to man y natics is a vulgar error. John Milton homes that have had no part in the seems to me quite as great a man of church life of the nation. There is letters as any of our tootling little more, however, to be said concern- poets and dirty story-tellers who are ing the secularization which has soaked in debt and drink, and Colonel taken place· in regard to the ob- Hutchinson was as fine a gentleman as servance of Sunday. There have the peers who sponged on Hooley. been increasing inroads made upon the Day of Rest and the week-end IV habit has broken up the age-old customs of home and family life to There is a trend in the religious the detriment of church attend- life of America which is supremely ance. hopeful.

These changes have been going It is the note of spiritual exon for more than a generation. pectancy which one finds on every The War accelerated them. Thirty hand. We move forward like the years ago Dr. John Watson (Ian tide. If the tide is at the ebb then Maclaren), who knew life better we can have a feeling of confidence than most men said, that it will soon turn to flood again. This has been the history I am deeply concerned every day of the Christian Church. Religion about the life of pleasure and want of has always been characterized by seriousness among the young people a forward and a backward moveof our richer classes. They are read- ment. The history of the Christian ing nothing except the worst fiction. Church has passed through rhyth- They are "'pending their whole spare mic periods of depression. The time in pleasure, which is growing present era is different from many more doubtful every day. Sundayeve- such periods in the past because of ning is given to dinners and suppers, the fact that our age is conscious and the moral tone is getting very of its need and is openly chamlow. Things come under my notice as pioning the supremacy of spiritual a minister which would give any man values. cause for serious thought. It appears to me that if society is to be saved, Certain things have contributed and if the Church in especial is to do towards this recall of the Church her proper work, there must be a re- to the supreme things of the spirit. turn to the great Puritan idea of sepa- First of all there is upon the ration from the world. So far as I Church a sense of weariness, grow-

ing out of the mechanical era what we wait for in America and through which the Church has in the mission field, is firsthand passed since the War. It has been evidence that the Gospel is still a period of organization of effi- the power of God unto salvation.

ciency, of publicity, and above all of The crux of the conflict in which the raising of quotas and budgets. religion finds itself today may In the second place the con- be told in a story. A generation sciousness of w hat President ago Charles Bradlaugh was mak- Hoover called "a subsidence in the ing an attack upon Christianity moral foundations of the nation" in England and challenged Hugh has recalled religious people to ele- Price Hughes, who was preach- mental realities. It is not possible ing the Gospel and at the same to build the Kingdom of God upon time serving as a member of the legislation, no matter how neces- British Parliament, to debate with sary and beneficial that legislation him the truth of the Christian may be. When we have abolished faith. The challenge was immedi- the liquor traffic, done away with ately accepted and accepted in racial hatred, and eliminated war, these words, "The courts, as a rule, there is something else that is in rendering their verdicts, do not needed for it' will still remain true rely solely upon the arguments of that "Out of the heart are the the attorneys on either side. They issues of life." carefully scrutinize the evidence In the third place we have had offered by those who have first- time to gain a balanced judgment hand kilOwledge of the facts. I concerning Religious Education. will bring with me to the debate Religious Education scientifically that night, as evidence of the truth interpreted and pedagogically ap- and power of the Christian faith, plied cannot direct the conscience one hundred men and women who or inspire the soul. It is still true have been saved from lives of sin that except a man or a child "be by the Gospel of Christ. They will born again he cannot see the King- give their evidence and you will dom of God." be allowed to cross-examine them.

Other influences have been at I will ask that you bring with you work and have contributed their one hundred men and women who share in driving home the truth have been similarly helped by the expressed by Canon Streeter that gospel of infidelity which you "Nothing but the sober determina- preach." The debate was aban- tion, the quickened insight and the doned. The agnostic had no evi- disinterested devotion, due to the dence. The Christian had evidence.

permeation of society by some Evidence is never on the defensive, great and creative spiritual force, it is always aggressive, and when can avail to meet the situation. the spiritual expectancy which Veni Creator Spiritus. In those characterizes the Church today who really believe in God the ur- passes from hope to reality then gency of the need begets a pre- it will be said of the critics as was sumption that it will be met." said at the beginning: What is needed today is evi- "Seeing the man that was healed dence. When evidence comes, apol- standing with them, they could say ogetics becomes unnecessary and nothing against him."

A CITY WAS

BY THE REV. SAMUEL M. SHOEMAKER, JR.

Reotor oj Oa!varll Oh,woh, New .York Oitll M OST of our religious speak- It would be so easy to take a sub- ing and writing is an ex- ject like the one suggested to me by cursion into the desirable. the Editor of THE REVIEW, and to We let our minds play upon what deal with it on paper. All of us might be if all were ideal. We have can see, with the eye of untested got our people in the way of con- imagination, a round-table confer- fusing the desire for the ideal, with ence of the religious eminent, con- the building of it into life. There cerned for the state of religion, and are preachers who expound the coming together to lay great plans most noble truth on Sunday morn- for a city. Most of the churches ings, but are so inured to this cli- are represented. There is prayer mate of the unreal that they can and talk. Some look skeptical; go against their own teaching with- others are enthusiastic. A "plan"

in twenty-four hours and never is proposed. "Dr. Somebody from know they h~lVe done it! Hundreds the Tabernacle of Somewhere is a of them confuse sympathy for the great spiritual force; let us get evangelical point of view with him in for two weeks of great working evangelism; t~y know union services, and all forget our little of the painful progress of differences and combine to help persuasion which must take place him." There will be much public- in the lives of their people if the ity-pamphlets describing the aim admirable sentiments of the pUlpit of the mission, newspaper articles, are to become the sober programme surveys which unearth yet more of the pews. Many preachers are appalling facts as to our general frankly afraid to tackle personal American godlessness.

human problems, and to get the ob- Most preachers past fifty have structions out of the way. It is so sat on committees like that more much easier to have people say that times than one. The plan was car- they like what you said, when you ried out. A few were reached. The were talking in the absence of dis- city as a whole was unmoved. The agreeable and resisting facts, than taste lef~ in people's mouths was it is to persuade them to root those unpleasant, not because of tub- facts out, or reinterpret them in thumping methods or emotional- the light of a profounder experi- ism, but because the whole affair ence of Christ. All the complicated, did not get to first base with the difficult period of conviction of sin, people who most needed to be of criticism and fault-finding, of reached. The past twenty years are uneasy swinging between two op- strewn with the wreckage of inef- posite ideals of life, lie right in this fectual religious movements. They area of personal persuasion to began in a committee, continued in adopt the ideal, as over against lis- a campaign, and ended in a col- tening to it and being lapped in the lapse.

soft airs of its imaginary realiza- I am going as far as possible tion. from this airy evangelism, and tell 651

the actual story of how a city was pIe whom they were not reaching evangelized by a group of people. and drew them in.

And first I must say something Six months later came an invitaof the preparation. It was not by tion to bring a large team, and cottage prayer-meetings, or whoop- quietly, guidedly honeycomb that ing-it-up for an evangelist who was expected. It began in an individ- city for Christ. There was much ual. Three years ago a young Bap- prayer. There had been guidance tist business man went to the ordi- that it was the right time. The innation of a man who had found his vitation was sent to people far enough along to take real leaderspiritual life in the work of A First Century Christian Fellowship, or ship. Ninety of them came. They ranged from wealthy society people the Oxford Group as it is called overseas. The business man was to tradesmen and students. There was a Scotch woman who had run intrigued by the kind of life he saw in this minister and his for Parliament at home and who friends. He accepted this fuller had travelled to America for this interpretation of Christ for him- series of meetings; and an Oxford self. It carried him into the min- student. There was a distinguished istry. Presbyterian minister, for many years a missionary in China. There While he was at the theological was a young married couple from seminary, he made known to a few Rhode Island whose lives and home strategic people what had hap- had been completely changed by the pened to him to take him out of message three years before. There business and into the ministry. He was a young Episcopal clergyman worked by rightly-directed per- who had a perfect genius for win- sonal witness. And when a suffi- ning the confidence of boys and ciently large number of interested helping them to understand how people had been seen, he suggested Christ could help them with their that the group of spiritual friends problems. There was a New York who had so inspired him, might woman with a European title, send representatives to tell these whose whole existence had been re- interested people what they had made through finding that an old told him. Very quietly a dozen peo- friend of her husband had been ple were brought from seven or brought to Christ through the Fel- eight other cities-not all parsons, lowship. Pentecost saw no motlier not professional evangelistS-most- crowd in its human composition, ly lay people, mostly ·young. For and they met "with one accord in ten days they stayed in different one place." Each had somewhere houses, living out in their relation- been brought to a decision for ships the 'meaning of life surren- Jesus Christ in surrender, carried dered to Christ and guided by His through the early stages of learn- Holy Spirit. There were small ing to live by guidance from God, gatherings, quite informal, meet- helped to win others for Christ, ing at houses or churches. Several and learned the price and the ne- hundred people were touched; their cessity of full sharing fellowship sympathy and interest we r e with like-minded Christians. This aroused. The churches began to get means that there were ninety peo- wind of it. It reached a few peo- ple ready to function like a phalanx

HOW A CITY WAS EVANGELIZED

under God's Holy Spirit. There ties. Anyone could have dropped was a human leader, but he could out of this affair, and it would have not possibly have carried the de- gone along just as well. Here a tails of all the hours in the day of growing number of ordinary men all the workers who were there. and women of all ages and every Yct there was not a single bit of in- walk of life, are being raised up to dividual sharpshooting; we worked do a mighty work for God in this almost like one person, because generation. Some of us have a unity was there at the beginning. deep-rooted conviction that all the Noiselessly the members of this rich colors of original Christianity group slipped into town by train can not be shown to this age and motor. A church sexton in New York took several in his car, through the prism of one person- ality, but only through the complex and witnessed with great power in of a group of people with "a diverthe meetings. Some were quartered sity of gifts but the same spirit." with families; some stayed in ho- The logic of this is that one-man tels. There were daily groups for evangelism is at an end for the special interests: one for business time, and the new emphasis must men, one for women, one for girls, be upon a welded, sharing, guided one for boys, one for younger mar- group functioning unitedly.

ried women, one for ministers; Finance and Follow-up each was led by someone belonging How is work like this financed? in the group. There was daily Bible We believe simply that where God study. In the evenings we gathered guides He provides. If we were for a united meeting. This began really guided to have this mission, with 300 and ended with 2,500. then He was sure to take charge of The theme was not preaching nor the funds. Much of the money exhorting-just simple individual came from the leaders who travwitness to what Christ had done. elled at their own charges: and we As a result family tangles were un- need much more imagination about snarled; personal problems were expecting such service as this from solved; hundreds of people found converted people. Several people a new power in Christ; the level were financed by members of the of confidence in that city, depressed Fellowship who were unable to go by the business slump, was enor- themselves. It required sacrifice mously lifted. in some quarters. Some of it came One said, "There has been noth- from the people in the city where ing like it since Moody." That was we worked, as they felt led to give.

a great tribute; yet how different But there was very little money- is this procedure from Mr. Moody's consciousness anywhere. An insur- incomparable ways. Always he ance man said, "There was no was, in spite of himself, the great underwriting before you came, no .

figure; he was the campaign, and collections while you were here, without him it could not have been. and no deficit when you left."

While he urged people not to talk Do not let anyone think that the about him, but about Christ, it was Fellowship has access to large inevitable that his name should funds: we have not. But when predominate. In the work I am people are soundly enough convert- describing there are no great ed to start off on a mission like names, no indispensable personali- this, they are also soundly enough

converted to be spiritually self- The most important thing in supporting, and not to lean on oth- follow-up is always one's own pri- ers for their expenses except where vate Quiet Time in the morning for specifically guided. We believe that Bible study, prayer, and listening here is a great lesson for this age to God for His directions. These, to learn, staggering as the churches for the convenience of remember- are under intolerable loads of finan- ing them, are usually written down cial obligation, and lacking the in a loose-leaf notebook. Probably spiritual power which will alone next in importance is a small, inti- help them to lift these loads. Sound mate fellowship where one's needs conversion is the basis of adequate and discoveries may be frankly finance. shared. It is als!) very interesting And follow-up-how shall all to see how quickly the church be- this continue? By the work of a gins to take on meaning for these revitalized church. The ministers people, who often for tlie first time of the city were back of us in this see it as a way to deepen and in- effort. They opened their pulpits to crease the life which they have just us. Some of them came a long spir- decided to live. One doctor told itual distance themselves. One me that he thought this movement clergyman toid me that he had bap- would "put the Church back on the tized hundreds of people, but he did map in this generation." Dozens, not know that in his ministry of I suppose hundreds, of people in over thirty years a single person that city, who never thought they had been brought decisively to could ever be doing such a thing, Christ: His whole life is now radi- are in living touch with God, ask- antly happy in the newly discov- ing and finding His mind upon ered power of being guided by the their problems, and drawing others Holy Spirit. The clergymen saw the after Christ. It sounds very much changes in their people, and in like the Acts, doesn't it?

those they wanted to be their peo- By the time the ordinary reader ple.. In the churches and in private has read this far, he will be saying houses numbers of small groups with some irritation, "Why doesn't are meeting weekly for the sharing he tell us how to do it ourselves?"

of experience and for united guid- My answer is frankly that I have ance. These groups may be ar- no paper-made plan by which any ranged geographically to take care minister can evangelize any old of one locality, or they may be town by following a few rules.

gathered according to interests, That kind of man-made evangeli~m like a group of insurance men who is what has ruined the very name meet every morning in one office evangelism for most people. We to begin the day with Quiet Time. must think in much more profound, There is nothing humanly organ- and in much more extensive, terms ized about them; they are made up than the conversion of anyone of people who have been changed, town by an individual: we must and want to learn the next stages. think of the recapturing of the These groups are kept vital by world for Christ through a close- honest sharing up to date between knit fellowship of converted peo- those who come steadily, and by the ple. Nothing less than this can get bringing in of new people who the attention of the many who want to find this experience. know that the church is too locally

preoccupied and too spiritually to have what he wanted the city timid to do its work in the world. to have: a thoroughly workable, Something must again set the tested, universal way of life in human imagination aflame with Christ which anybody can try exwhat can happen when Christ lays perimentally long before he may hold of a group of people. We be able to accept it authoritatively. need a world-wide movement of the Spirit in our day, and it looks as if The second is that the greatest we were beginning to see it. need of our time is for a movement which represents such contagious, Some Principles–From Experience simple, joyous religion as this, where any man can catch his spirit There are a few principles which at the flame. There was nothing distil from experience and which fortuitous in those ninety people we might notice. gathered in that dty. More than twenty b'"ears of pain and prayer, The first is that one person was of hammering and of recognition, responsible for touching the city. of loyalty and of falling away, of He was just a plain individual, and fidelity to one persistent ideal, of might as well have been led to stay hewing out individuals and seasonin business as to be in the ministry, ing them till they know the voice had that been God's plan for him. of God and the life of man, till they Profession had nothing to do with are welded into an unbreakable felit: possession everything. He rec- lowship-these are the things ognized in the Fellowship some- which lie behind that one gathering thing familiar through his own in- of ninety people thinking, living herited Christianity, yet something and working as one. The ordinary which stretched him so far that it evangelistic team is small and was like a new experience alto- fixed; often it is temporary, but if gether. Before he could begin to fixed it is inflexible, and does not touch anybody, he had to have in think to include beginners. This miniature the life he wanted his team is never quite the same in one city to have. People needed to find place as in another. Constantly in him and in his family some qual- new people are being brought in, ity of living which was different, and so trained for larger work. So which attracted them by its joy it comes about that, clear round the and simplicity and workability, and world now, you have a group of which challenged at the same time. people who know one another inti- The professional evangelist lacks mately, who begin work by being appeal for the average sinner and sure they have no "walls" amongst pagan. This man made friends with themselves, who are trained in loypeople like that. His language was alty and fellowship, who know how not stilted, he was natural, yet he to hit at just the same spot as the "had something." He was living on worker before them. This means concrete guidance. He was touch- that witnessing is going on all the ing individuals himself. He was time. At teas and luncheons, in living in constant fellowship, even churches and homes, wherever such if much of it was by mail, with a people are, there is evangelism. group which gave him opportunity Hundreds are teuched in this way for growth by comparison and con- who would never darken the door trast, by checking and sharing. of an evangelistic meeting, and The sum of all this is that he had

never even go to church. This them to come in with him. These movement has within it the power things are worth a thousand evanto reproduce itself in character- gelistic meetings for the gun-shy istic fashion, so that the colors do skeptic today who runs away from not fade out at the extreme edges. all professional religion. A town is Many will find in this movement, surprised and stirred when ninety people like this come in on a mission as did our friend who opened up of "peaceful penetration," when the city, things already familiar; I they see the fun they have, when think that all will find that the they find they live what they talk. movement represents to them spe- The interchange between city and cific challenge, if not to believe city, and indeed between country and country, is one of the marked more, at least to step out more characteristics of the movement. courageously upon what they do It has given it already an interdebelieve. nominational a'nd international character which may have implica- The third is that the most persua- tions as to church unity and inter- national understanding; already sive force for Christ in our time there have been far-reaching social is no longer the professional evan- results in the movement. But we gelist, and may not even be the believe profoundly that a Christian minister: the most persuasive force basis is needed first; and that this today is the converted layman who must come from the living impact of changed and Christ-centered knows the art of living and of win- people upon those who have yet to ning others. He has no profession- find that great eJ(perience. alisms. He gets at the people he wants to win, not only the less edu- Not one city only, but many, cated and more gullible members have been touched in this fashion. of society who frequent evangel- The movement is roIling. If you istic meetings. His business asso~ want to begin in your own town, it ciates recognize what has happened must begin first in your own life. when his business is conducted on The movement will be born through a new basis: when, for instance, the nucleus of those whom you he confesses to a dishonesty and reach directly yourself. restores to the right person, or when he calls in his fellow-workers and shares with them honestly his new experience and asks them for their help in the new life, urging HE COULD NOT GO-WHAT THEN1 A YOUNG man accepted for the African missionary field reported at New York for "passage," but found on further examination that his wife could not stand the climate. He was heartbroken, but he prayerfully returned t() his home and determined to make all the money he could, to be used in spreading the kingdom of God over the world. His father, a dentist, had started to make, on the side, an unfermented wine for the communion service. The young man took the business over and developed it until it assumed vast proportions -his name was "Welch," whose family still manufacturers "grape-juice." He has given literally hundreds of thousands of dollars to the work of missions. Every job is missionary work when we interpret it by stewardship.-Tke Presbyterian Advance.

YOUNG MEN OF

BY CAPTAIN REGINALD WALLIS Gl'11 crai ~ f vn~ t-urJJ uJ th e Oity oj Dublin Y. M. C . A .

Captain Wallis was in active service in the British army during the World War. Later he became secre- tary of the Y. M. C. A. in Dublin and has since been greatly used for the spiritual awakening and Christian training of young men. The Dublin Y. M. C. A. is conducted on evangelical and faith principles, without financial drives or emphasis on secular education, amusements, athletics and social lines. The entire budget amounts to ~nly about $10,000 a year, but the spiritual fruitage is large. The present financial de- pression has made rigid economy necessary and the support of the work must come in answer to prayer. This Associat ion gives proof that Y. M. C. A. work can be successfully conducted on Gospel lines with large results and without dependence for support on C AP T AIN llEGINALD WALLIS methods that are not fully consecrated by God. Captain Wallis is in America speaking at various conferences and may be addressed (until September 30th) at Moody Bible Institute, Chicago, III., or at 944 E ast 31st St., Brooklyn, N. Y.-EDITOR.

I N THE City of Dublin, the cap- the whole so mighty a lever to up- ital of the Irish Free State, lift the young men of the com- there is a successful evan- munity." gelical, soul-saving Young Men's Christian Association. The work The Dublin Association has ad- hered in its doctrinal basis and in is essentially Christian and aggres- its practical administration to this sively spiritual. Its one purpose ideal for eighty-two years since is to win young men for Christ and its inception in 1849. It stands as then weld them together into the a lighthouse of spiritual testimony. happy fellowship of Christian serv- From the roof to the basement you ice. Any inferior objective would will look in vain for even a smok- betray the sacred trust to which ing room, a billard table or any the Y. M. C. A. has been commit- other agency, often considered so ted. As Dr. Theodore Cuyler once necessary to attract young men, said: "When the Y. M. C. A. but which are sometimes found ceases to evangelize, it becomes a to hinder a full-orbed wholesome sublime impertinence." Dr. Arthur Christian witness.

T. Pierson also remarked: "Al- For over ten years it has been though no institution in the world my privilege to labor among the is perfect, it seems to me that the young men of Dublin – good-na~ Y. M. C. A., when its Christian tured, warm-hearted, and charac- chatader is maintained supreme, terized by that alluring South of is as nearly complete as any human Ireland temperament. Fine, manly, organization could be. I know of attractive Christians they make no other institution that has on when the Lord really captures 2 667

them and consecrates their delight- an average of fifty or more robust, ful characteristics to His own serv- keen, healthy, manly fellows. That ice. They are not in any sense meeting is a spiritual tonic. Fire, "nambys" or milk-sops. Watch life and a passion for souls charthem in the gymnasium (which is acterize their simple-hearted petionly a bare hall with very meagre tions. Open-air gatherings are held equipment). On the athletic field regularly on Monday nights in the I have seen a "Rugby" team of very heart of that Roman Catholic fifteen Christian fellows win their metropolis. Many stand around way through to victory, and wit- and listen with reverent attention ness for Christ on the way. Before to inspiring testimonies and apthe start of the game, I have known peals. Without denominational disthem to bow their heads in the pa- tinctions this happy family is a vilion and ask God's blessing on testimony to the unity of the Spirit the spor.t and seeking strength to and the one body of Christ. "play the game." The Dublin Y. M. C. A. believes in consecrated The original principles which recreation, as a means to an end, animated George Williams, the not an end in itself. Candidates revered founder of the Young for full membership in this Y. M. Men's Christian Association some C. A. are' passed individually at nine decades ago, stilI find expresthe monthly meeting of the general sion in this Irish branch. It has committee, a Board of Managers been and remains a living center composed mainly of "born-again" of Christian evangelism. The Metbusiness men. Scrupulous care is ropolitan Hall is packed every Sunexercised to maintain the spiritual day night with eager listeners to backbone of the Association. Evi- the Gospel. This evangelistic meetdence of conversion to God is a ing, with an average attendance of requisite for a full member. Asso- 1500, largely composed of young ciate members are young men of men and women, is the largest reggood moral character who desire ular gathering for any purpose in to use the "Y" but who may not the Irish Free State. The magnetmake profession of faith in Christ. ism which draws this young life These have no voting powers and together every Sunday night, sumcannot control the policies of the mer and winter, is no other than Association. Scores of associates the dynamic of the Word of Life. have been won for Christ and have The ushers are all Y. M. C. A. men become full members. with a salvation smile and a love for souls. The choir is composed Bible study is an important part of Christian voices, under the leadof this work. Every Sunday after- ership of a consecrated conductor. noon some seventy young fellows Bright Gospel hymns and choruses, meet for earnest but informal occasional solos or duets, are alstudy of the Word of God. Fellow- ways followed by a clean-cut evanship with this radiant bunch of gelistic appeal by a servant of God spiritual firebrands, hearing their with a living message. The Metrousing songs and testimonies, will ropolitan Hall has been the birthput red blood into the faith of any place of thousands of souls for downcast Christian. A weekly practically all the great evangelisprayer and fellowship meeting is tic campaigns in Dublin are held held on Wednesday evenings with under the auspices of the Y. M.

EVANGELIZING YOUNG MEN OF DUBLIN

C. A., and annual conferences are people together is like the spectacle convened here for the deepening of the Laodicean church. The of spiritual1ife. The reading room Church cannot compete with the is carefully guarded against the world, whose specialists can proentrance of any unsound period- vide a much more attractive icals or books. amusement program. Our Lord's commission is to "feed his sheep," Can the modern young men of not to "amuse the goats!" Many a today really be captured by these church and many a Y. M. C. A. has old-fashioned methods and held to- so lost its living message that "Ichgether without resorting to acces- abod" is writ large upon its porsories which are looked upon as so WHERE 1,500 GATHER EACH WEEK FOR THE Y. M. C. A. GOSPEL MEETING essential in such work today? Ex- tals. Yet it was never truer that perience proves that they can. In the Gospel, preached in the power fact there are no other means of of the Holy Spirit, still grips men so effectively capturing young life and presents an appeal to which in these days, as was true fifty they will respond in spite of the years ago. Give Christ a chance! alluring twentieth century reper- Men may change outwardly with toire of the world, the flesh and the the times, but the heart's need is devil. ever the same and there is only one d i v i n e remedy. Any religious The present buildings occupied movement descending to carnal by the Association have an intermeans to win and hold the young esting history. In 1922 we were in the throes of one of those peri-

odical disturbances for which Irish rackish, with no attractive facilipeople seem to have a peculiar rel- ties to offer young men. Dr. E. J. ish. Our Y. M. C. A. premises were Pace of the Sunday School Times, the first to be destroyed, whereas who visited Dub lin recently, the Catholic Young Men's Society writes: next door was left intact! But the Lord had provided better things When I recall those happy two for us. Shortly before this build- weeks spent in the Dublin Y. M. C. A., ing was destroyed, the Association the climax of four happy months spent came into possession of the present in the British Isles; when I bring buildings as a free gift by order back to my memory that fine bunch of of court. This was the divine pro- Irish huskies, wholesomely clean, ravision for the emergency. The diantly aggressive in their witnessing work multiplied in its effectiveness for Christ; when I see again that as a result of this apparent calam- nightly throng of 1,500 to 2,000 perity. The Sunday night meeting de- sons eager for the Gospel, I thrill veloped from a few dozen to its again to my finger tips. present proportions, taxing the full capacity of the Metropolitan I am frank to say I never saw a Hall, which lutd been erected in Y. M. C. A. like that of yours. It connection with D. L. Moody's visit stands out in contrast with Y. M. C. to Dublin some fifty years ago. A.'s on this side of the water painfully From the same platform today the to our discredit. Here it seems that same Message preached by that in the inverse ratio of splendid, costly, man of God is still sounded forth. physical equipment, the spiritual ob- jectives for which the "Y" was origi- These facts are all the more im- nally founded are sadly relegated far pressive when we remember that into the background, and in some the Protestant population of the places are almost apologized for. Irish Free State has now dwindled down to a meager seven per cent. There in Dublin in an old building, This gives rise to peculiar prob- never intended to serve as a Y. M. C. A., with equipment approaching lems. The Committee of the Asso- shabbiness, you have carried on magciation has no sympathy with fi- nificently. As I looked about me and nancial drives, but prays to the saw the utter want of equipment I Lord, as the Chancellor of His own marvelled at the mighty drawing Exchequer, to meet the need. The power of the Gospel, which alone atentire budget is only $10,000 per tracts and holds that splendid group annum, with no provision for lux- of militant Christian young men. urious administration or big-salaried officials. Evangelical money is The present building was never scarce in the Irish Free State and erected as a Y. M. C. A., and for part of the money needed is liter- nine years we have sought to carry ally prayed in every year. The on in spite of these difficulties, but Committee feels that they should feel that the time has come when make known to the people of God God would have us launch out for who love aggressive evangelism, more adequate facilities. In this the needs. The buildings, unfor- we seek the sympathetic, prayerful tunately are prison-like and bar- cooperation of God's people in order that we may do more effec- tive service for Christ in this very needy Irish Free State.

CHURCHES O~'~'ER RELIGIOU:; TRAINING ~'U){ YUUNG 1'IlJOl'LE

THE CHALLENGE OF HOME MISSIONS BY THE REV. E. D. KOHLSTEDT, D.D., Philadelphia, Pa. Oorrespond'im'f} SecretfM'lI oj the Boa.Yd of 110me Missions lMla Ohurch Extension Methodist Episcopal Ohurch· .n.; MERICAN home missions are attractiveness of Christian ideals a task, altruistic in character of life; to reveal the ethical im- and unattempted by other plications, economic and social agencies, that ought to challenge significance of Christianity; to the utmost endeavors and re- demonstrate the fruitage of a func- sources of organized Christianity: tioning faith, vitalized by an ex- to insure to rural and urban com- perimental knowledge of essential munities, which without either realities in the spiritUal realm.

temporary or permanent personal Dr. Slosson defines religion as and material cooperation from else- "the perpetual realization of God; where would not benefit by them, the spiritualization of daily life."

the enriching ministries of the Canon Streeter maintains that Church of Christ. "Science is the expression of re- In the prosecution of their re- ality in terms of quantity; religion spective religious and social activi- is the expression of reality in terms ties, these denominational agencies of quality." But Saint James exseek cooperatively to portray the horts us to face the fact that re- *The sections served by the Methodist Epis- ligious realities are conclusively copal Board of Home Missions and Church Extpllsion include : the United States. Alaska, evidenced by a convincing com- Hawn!}, Puerto Rico, and a st:ict!y interde- bination of unselfish service and nominational missionary enterprISe In the Dominican Republic, foste1'ed by the Board for unblemished character. Christian Work in Santo Domingo. Through- The composite character of home out these territories, Methodism sustains cordial, cooperative relatio.nsi;lips toward similar denominational bome mISSIOnary agencies and missions must be understood in projects. 661

order to appreciate the significance functioning faith which touches of certain determinative factors the very tap roots of our individual that justify the validity of the mis- and collective ills: sin and selfish- sionary's claim to moral and ma- ness. The Sermon on the Mount terial support. Within the areas makes inner righteousness abso- embraced by Continental United lutely basic to normal expressions States and her possessions, our of individual and social human con- territorial contacts and functional duct. Dr. Robert A. Milliken, the activities are characterized by both Scientist, cherishes a conviction home and foreign field environ- that "it was because we lost belief ments, problems and service oppor- in the reality of moral and spirit- tunities. ual values that the World War The romantic story of American came; and if we do not find a home missions thrills the hearts of way to regain and strengthen that those who trace the trails and sense belief, then science is of no value."

the spirit of our country's patriotic Bewildered in mind and morals, pioneers and heroic circuit riders, mankind desperately needs the whose joint services to the nation clarity and buoyancy of a function- wrested a Christian civilization ing, fruitful faith.

from a forbidding wilderness. The The Christian Church is the most United States is the only first-class effective agency devised to date world power that was practically through which to channel Chris- born Christian; the colonization tianity's contributions toward the of America was characterized by a enrichment of humanity's heart, dynamic conscience. Current con- home and community life. Despite ditions indicate the danger of a the Church's frankly admitted limi- reversion to paganism unless tations; whatever men may think America's Christian Church con- of the crudities of certain credal stituency can be shocked out of its interpretations of Christianity; smug complacency. however severely they may be in- To develop democracies that are clined to criticize our imperfect safe for the world is even .more portraitures of Christian ideals of imperative than to make the world life and human relationships, the safe for democracy. Unless those fact remains that Jesus Christ, entrusted with governmental and Founder of Christianity, is still social control are dominated by the mankind's supreme character and Spirit of Jesus Christ, a democracy community service exhibit.

can become as ruthless as any au- "In spite of all its faults," says tocracy that has ever crushed le- Dr. William Adams Brown, "the gitimate human aspirations and Church of Christ is the one social activities. Only that democracy is institution touching men of all safe for the world whose super- races and nations which exists to structure is undergirded by the spread faith in the good God and fundamental doctrines of Chris- to unite men in a world – wide tianity: the fatherhood of God; brotherhood. Here surely is a fac- the brotherhood of man; the in- tor with which anyone must reck- finite value of an individual life. on who asks with soberness where We dare not ignore such consider- men are to turn for help in the ations. stupendous task of world recon- There is no substitute for a struction."

THE CHALLENGE OF HOM;E MISSIONS

The international significance of Under such circumstances there is home missions is evidenced by the scant hope for motion picture profact that the prevalent publicity duction improvement and purificaand portraitures of the worst fea- tion until the united voice of the tures of American life, radioed to Christian Church can be heard distant lands in the fraction of a with far greater emphasis in the second and flashed from commer- council chambers of America's cialized, debauched silver screens, movie czars. now constitute one of the most delicate and difficult problems that test The world-wide responsibility of the faith and fortitude of heroic home missions becomes convincforeign missionaries on the other ingly apparent with the perfection side of the globe. Cooperative of humanity's communication and criticism demands the discontinu- transportation facilities, the prac- tical annihilation of time and space MISSION GIRLS LEARNING 'ro MAKE HOME ATTRACTIVE ance of salacious, sex-saturated, and the advent of a "split-second" lawless, liquor-soaked films, with world. Hitherto distantly related their contaminating influence upon peoples have been compacted into the unfolding child life of the close neighborhoods, which need an infusion of the spirit of Christian world. brotherhood. Multitudes of effec- Unfortunately, too many stars tive missionary enterprises on the other side of the globe were initiof first magnitude in the motion ated and are fostered by returned picture sky, idealized and idolized nationals who were inspired to by impressionable youth, can quali- embrace Christianity while sofy as legalized, progressive polyg- journers in this country. amists, to whom the sanctities of the marriage vow, the sacredness So intimately do our home and of the American home and the laws foreign missionary activities, inof the land mean little or nothing.

terests and responsibilities inter- speaks with the "voice of author- lock; so intricate are the relation- ity" and of finality.

ships of organized Christianity's Second – Christianity's Bible is missionary personnel, home and a missionary manual, permeated foreign, that no thoughtful in- with the missionary spirit. The terpreter of local, national and in- New Testament context is liberally ternational movements, programs interspersed with stories of spirit- and policies for human betterment ual adventure, so characteristic of would presume to attempt their the spread of Christianity through- complete segregation. Not only in out the world. Personified by the America, confronted with the deli- advent of the Christ Child in Beth- cate and difficult twofold task of lehem, matchless revelation of di- Americanization and Christianiza- vine solicitude for erring mortals; tion, but in many otlier countries buttressed by the Cross of Calvary, is the fruitage of home missionary emblematic of love strong as death, service winning recognition. nay stronger; undergirded by the Incentives to the personal and Great Commission, embodiment of material support of missions ought the Master's valedictory to His to arrest the attention, stir the chosen disciples; exemplified by the heart and challenge the enthusiasm epochal message of the Apostle to of an alert Christian constituency; the Gentiles in the Athenian marto arouse in both clery and laity ket place, it is the impact of a the spirit that accounts for the missionary spirit that accounts for development of genuine Christian the respective contributions of hiscrusaders. Space limits preclude toric religious movements toward the mention of more than three: the sum total of good in the worTd. Third – The inescapable chal- First – Jesus Christ and His lenge of an unfinished task summessage to mankind, adequately mons us to service. Vast areas of taught and exemplified, constitute unevangelized rural territory and humanity's most vital mind and scores of sadly neglected, polyglot heart needs. His flawless character city centers throughout this counstands out in bold relief before try demand the attention of an the tribunals of twenty centuries American Christian statesmanship which subjected the validity of the with faith, fortitude and ability Nazarene's spiritual supremacy enough to spell problem with the claims to the acid test. His por- letters of opportunity. The range traiture of human possibilities in sections of the west, mountain recharacter building is unexcelled. gions of the south and backward Nations, governments, social and communities of New England, economic orders, even organized Ohio, Michigan and other states religion in some of its current reveal a wide-spread neglect of our rural missionary fields. Only forty forms of expression are manifestly per cent of New England's popu- lation is claimed by any church; imperfect and subject to labora- tory experimentation, but Jesus Christ is supreme. In the social thirty-three per cent of its populaand spiritual life of the world, His tion under nineteen years of age position is exclusive and impreg- is unidentified with any church nable; as can be said of no other school. Utah has seven counties personality in human history, He without a functioning evangelical

THE CHALLENGE OF HOME MISSIONS

Protestant mission in anyone of school buildings, has no church struc- them. ture or regular religious ministry to The following exhibits are il- a population of nearly two hundred. lustrative of the missionary chal- A score of county parishes in the Ken- tucky and Tennessee mountains await lenge: the inauguration of an adequate social Dr. John McDowell, Secretary of the and spiritual service to hearts that Presbyterian Board of National Mis- hunger for a richer life.

sions, maintains that 10,000 American rural communities have no type of America's u r ban situation is ·church; that 30,000 American rural equally, if not even more disturb- communities have no pastor in resi- ing. Hundreds of congested city dence; that 13,400,000 American chil- centers, cosmopolitan communities dren under twelve years of age receive with their racial interlockings and no sort of religious instruction. State Librarian H. E. Dunnack, antagonisms, economic and social problems, clamor for considera- Maine: "100,000 of Maine's population tion. There is a studied purpose are without religious opportunities; on the part of corrupt politicians 95,652 families are unidentified with to defeat constructive legislation any church; 109,017 boys and girls of concerning moral issues. Organschool age are enrolled in no sort of church school." He estimates Maine's ized unrighteousness has become church attendance to be one in seven entrenched in the city. The grow- and mentions a community of 2,100 ing cities of America hold the people with 24 church members. balance of political power. If a Dr. Arthur Wentworth Hewitt, of democracy is to endUre, the work- ing majority of its voting units Plainfield, Vermont, author of "Stee- must be kept intelligent and moral. ples Among the Hills": "That some of The future of our country is at our villages are overchurched, I do not stake; the perpetuity of the sacred doubt, but am perfectly convinced that institutions, bought by the blood the greater part of our state is wholly unevangelized ground. The great majority of its people attend no church of a liberty loving people, is di- and are visited by no pastor." rectly involved.

Director of Publicity J. S. Swwell, Authoritative statisticians an- Methodist Episcopal Board of Home Missions and Church Extension, sub- nounce that in the 1932 national mits data on Clare County, Michigan: election, the United States will eleven townships, with forty-six public have approximately 4,000,000 new schools and an enrollment of 1,000 chil- voters to reckon with. Unless our dren, an English-speaking American prospective as well as our funcsection with a total population of 4,640, tioning citizenry can be vitally inbut no church at all in action. terested in and persuaded to do Dr. L. H. Sweetland, Methodist min- . serious, constructive thinking rela- ister, Hays, Kansas: "Paganism pre- tive to current, vital issues; to ap- vails in parts of Kansas. Within preciate the proportionate value of fourteen miles of Hays, in an American community of prosperous farmers determinative factors in our social, where I recently held services, there political and economic life; to grip were children sixteen years old who the real meaning of national and had not heard of Jesus Christ. Kan- international movements for husas has hundreds of boys and girls man betterment, how can we hope who are utterly ignorant of religion." to sense the significance of our exacting twentieth century citizen- Russell Springs, an inland Kansas (:ounty seat with substantial cQurt and ship or to insure to our ~n~:rntion

a proportionately substantial con- in terms of constructive commutribution toward the sum total of nity service and the enrichment of good in the world? social relationships, is a matter of immediate moment to the Chris- With a minimum monthly rack- tian leadership of our nation. We eteers' extortion toll of one billion would profit by the development of dollars to pay, according to the a more vivid consciousness of re- New York Crime Commission's re- ligious realities; a more clear cut cent report; confronted by a cur- realization of the actuality of rent crime culture of perfectly ap- God's presence and guidance; a· palling proportions; challenged by general recognition of the primacy the strange spectacle of millions of of prayer in our religious life; men unable to support their fam- the cultivation of an overwhelmilies on account of an unprece- ing passion for unselfish Christian dented commercial collapse; and service; the proclamation of a our social and spiritual ideals positive, dynamic Gospel message; threatened by the propagation of an evident dominance of the spiritpagan philosophies of life, the se- ual incentive in all of our missionriousness of the situation ought ary activities. to shock a nominally Christian America out Of her false sense of Isn't it strange that princes and kings; security. A silent church constit- That men and money and minor things; uency is impotent and unfruitful. That common folks, like you and me, For her own sake and for the sake Are builders for eternity? of the world, America's mind and heart must be Christianized. To each is given a bag of tools; A shapeless mass and a book of rules; A revitalized church member- And each must fashion, ere life has ship, the restoration of a functioning faith, buttressed by daily flown, demonstrations of religious reality A stumbling block, or a stepping stone.

COMING ARTICLES ON HOME MISSIONS O NE of the richest and most Home and Foreign Mission Life important subjects for study Compared, by Lillian Oyler. is the field of Home Mission in America. The variety and in- Do Jews Become Christians? by terest are almost unlimited. This John Stewart Conning. number of the REVIEW is devoted to the Home Missions study topics Religion for the Migrant Workof the year, which are in line with ers, by Adela J., Ballard. those discussed at the National Congress in Washington last De- The Church and the Working cember. Man, by E. M. Wahlberg.

Several of the most interesting Spanish-Americans – Asset or a papers in hand could not be in- Liability? by E. T. Cornelius. cluded in this issue and will appear in a subsequent number. Do not What Substitute for Christianmiss them. Among these are: ity? by James 1. Vance.

Why Give the Gospel to the Mor- Missions to American Indians, mons, by William E. LaRue. by Henry Roe Cloud.

ARE THE

AMERICANS?

BY ELIZABETH R. HOOKER, New York Institute oj SooiaZ a,net Religious Research T HE number of church mem- even with the use of recently per- bers (of all denominations) fected methods. So much land is reported by the Census of Re- required to supply a family living ligious Bodies in 1926 was 47.7 per that even if all the land were taken.

cent of the population of the United up, the farm families would live States in that year.1 Where are the far apart; and at the present stage others, the more than fifty-two per of development the dry lands have cent of the people who are outside an average of one family to the the churches? Are they evenly dis- square mile. There are thus .great tributed over the country or are stretches' of hinterland where the there relatively more of them in nearest neighbor is several miles certain kinds of territory? away. Many of the roads are still To answer these questions and to unimproved. Both homes and study types of areas that might be farms, and public facilities and in- found to have comparatively large stitutions, are being developed in proportions of the people outside the face of great natural obstacles the churches, the Institute of Social and frequent crop failures.

and Religious Research2 in 1928 Dry-farming territory of wide began an investigation which extent is found in the Columbia brought to light the fact that six Basin of Washington, Oregon and different kinds of territory of wide Idaho; also in two regions of the extent contain exceptionally large Great Plains, which lie between a numbers who are not merely out- more humid belt on the east and an side the membership but who are arid belt close to the Rocky Moun- practically untouched by the influ- tains, and which are separated by ence of churches. stretches of rougher and less fertile Only four of these six kinds of land. These three regions cover an territory will be considered here. area larger than that of New Eng- All are of recent development and land and the Middle Atlantic States are found largely in the Far West. combined; and they contain 807,- 000 people living outside of centers Dry-Fanning Areas of 2,500 or more inhabitants.

The youngest of these types is In one of the three dry-farming the dry-farming country. This was regions, three-fourths of the people not settled permanently till after are outside the churches; in the the better watered lands had been largely occupied because it is so second, three-fifths; in the third, arid that harvests are precarious four-fifths. Churches of a sort are not lacking; but they are un- 1 Estimated as balfway between tbe Census evenly distributed, the villages and figures for 1920 and 1930. some hamlets having several or- 'The findings of this study are presented in ganizations of different denomina- ~~tn!~~a~~ii~~u~hR~~~~~::" Nle~ti~~~t °i9~~~ tions, and other small centers and ~~~StBb';;;~d~ol~aih~ ~r~s~~de;rt'lcf~r the state- wide reaches of hinterland being 667

without any churches whatever. stituting one-sixth of the land area With a few striking exceptions the of the continental United States. churches are small and poor, have Notwithstanding its low density, very limited ministerial service, in 1920 this area had 619,000 inconduct no activities except occa- habitants living in the rural dissional preaching services and Sun- tricts. day schools, and have failed to win the cooperation of large propor- In the grazing region consisting tions of the people. In a repre- largely of Utah, where most of the sentative dry-farming county sur- people are Mormons, 55 per cent veyed, five-eighths of the country belonged to churches in 1926; in families had no regular contact western Texas, where three-fifths with church or Sunday school. of the inhabitants are Spanish- American Roman Catholics, the Yet nine-tenths of the dryland- proportion of the people belonging ers are Protestant by tradition; to churches was 52.5 per cent. In and will be reached, if at all, by the two Protestant grazing regions Protestant religioUS agencies. the situation was quite otherwise. In one only one-fourth of the peo- Grazing Country ple, and in the other less than one- sixth, were enrolled in the church Many unchurched Americans are membership. Of the twenty-eight also found in the arid grazing Protestant counties investigated, lands. Here the people are even only six had as high a proportion more widely scattered than in the as one-fifth of the people in the dry-farming country; for there is churches; nine had less than a an average of only one ranch in tenth; and three had less than a seven square miles. The climate is twentieth. And in more than half too dry for crops to mature without the total area of the entire fifty-five irrigation and the irrigable acre- sample counties of four grazing age is extremely small. The herbage regions, including both Protesis so sparse in some sections that tant and Catholic sections, less a cow must walk twenty miles in than one-fifth of the people were a day to get enough to eat. Off the ch urch members. main highways travel is over rough roads or rougher trails. Centers In a Protestant grazing county are few, and are strung along the surveyed by the Institute, threewidely separated streams and rail- fourths of the families had no regroads, leaving expanses of uninter- ular contacts with churches; and rupted hinterland hundreds of at the hour of service eleven permiles across. sons were outside church doors to one inside. Grazing country forms far the largest part of the territory be- The churches are few-an avertween the Rocky Mountains and the age of only three per 1,000 square Cascade and Sierra ranges, and is miles. Almost all such churches as also found in the drier and rougher exist are clustered in the larger parts of the Great Plains. In these towns. Not a few counties of over regions arid grazing land extends 3,000 square miles each have but over practically the whole of 110 one or two churches outside the huge counties, occupying three county-seat. times as large an area as the dryfarming country, and in fact con- These town churches try to dupli- cate the buildings and the program

WHERE ARE THE UNCHURCHED AMERICANS?

of the churches of older regions. people outside the church doors at Their rank and file, and even most the hour of service was sevenof their ministers, know almost eighths in the Michigan county, nothing of the thinly populated nine-tenths in the county in Minnehinterlands stretching far away in sota, and eleven-twelfths in that in every direction. Now and then Washington. From three-fifths to churches are started in smaller three-fourths of the children were centers; but most of these are not enrolled in any Sunday school. very short-lived. Though the cut-over sections Cut-Over Sections have many churches-thirty-one per 1,000 square miles-most of A third kind of territory having them are small. The denominamany unchurched Americans con- tional competition is intensified sists of sections recently denuded here by the presence of churches of primeval forests. With their serving groups of various foreign trees they have lost much of their races. Being small and in a land taxable property, and most of the of poor people, the churches cannot industries that formerly supported afford good buildings, well-paid a great part of the population. ministers, or many-sided programs. Many people have moved away. What these little churches offer In some cut-over districts stumps does not appeal to the general pubare being uprooted with great labor lic of their communities. and expense, and agriculture is being developed. But the farmers The Washington county conoften have to contend with poor tained two large districts entirely soil, stubborn natural growths, destitute of churches. This unforest fires and inaccessibility of churched area had four villages of markets. They live in isolation from 300 to 500 inhabitants, and amidst stump lands, marshes and nine hamlets of over 100 inhabisecond-growth woods, and to a tants. The whole population of great extent upon unimproved this neglected territory was some roads. Schools and other institu- 6,800. A few Sunday schools and tions are still imperfectly devel- monthly preaching services held in oped. Many of the people are im- schoolhouses or private homes, atmigrants of varied racial origins, tracted very small groups of peoattracted by the cheapness of the ple. Nearly 99 per cent of the popuncleared land. ulation never or hardly ever at- tended a service of worship. Two cut-over regions were investigated by the Institute, one lying Seven-eighths of the people of about the Great Lakes and the the cut-over sections, however, other in the Pacific Northwest. have Protestant traditions. The These two regions have a combined responsibility for affording them area of 12,000 square miles, and a effective religious ministry rests rural population of one and one- therefore on the Protestant Church. sixth millions. Mountain Distriots In three cut-over counties surveyed in Michigan, Minnesota and Many unchurched Americans Wasilington, seven-eighths of the are also found in districts among people were outside the church high mountains. Here communimembership. The proportion of the ties and scattered families live in isolation from the outside world

VERMONT: Lamoille County Orange County _ Open country ~ Villages with fewer than 500 inhabitants ~ Villages with 500 to 2500 inhabitants fZ#jIJJ Hamlets ~ Villages without marked contrast in population ~ Towns or small cities Used in IfHinterlands of the Ohurch/' Institute of Socia' and ReUgious RescQiTch, New York.

DIAGRAM SHOWING THE PROPORTION OF POPULATION IN CHURCH MEMBERSHIP (1926), FOR COMMUNITIES OF DIFFERENT SIZES, IN COUNTIES SURVEYED, REPRESENTING SIX DIFFEREJiT KINDS OF TERRITORY.

and even largely apart from neigh- weekly services even in summer. boring mountain districts. The iso- The only church in the county-seat lation is intensified by steep and had regular preaching services only circuitous approaches, by the scar- during the three summer months, city of railroads and the poor con- and even that not every year. dition of many highways, and by There were half as many closed the deep snows of winter. Mining churches as active churches. and lumber activities, which have usually formed the incentive to set- Many of the original settlers of tlement, have in many cases slack- the mountain counties, who were ened or died out. Farming encoun- very largely miners, had never had ters peculiar obstacles and poverty church affiliations; and the little is nearly universal. The develop- churches have not acquired a posiment of the institutions of civiliza- tion of influence. The general pubtion has been arrested in many of lic are indifferent to them, and the older mountain counties, and in many even of the church workers the younger ones is still at an early show a lukewarm and shame-faced stage. adherence.

Seventy-nine mountainous coun- In spite of this widespread indifties are fOl,lnd partly among the ference to the churches, a large two great masses of the Rocky majority of the people consider Mountains situated within the themselves Protestants, at least to United States and partly among the the extent of desiring the services Sierra Mountains of California. of Protestant ministers at funerals. They have a total area of over 173,- 000 square miles, and a rural pop- These four kinds of new terriulation in 1920 of about 424,000. tory having many unchurched Americans, taken all together, oc- In the forty-four of seventy-nine cupy three-eighths of the area of mountain counties taken as samples the United States, and their rural in the Institute study, more than popUlation in 1920 was about three three-fourths of the people were and one-third millions. All this outside the churches. In half these territory, except two regions of counties the proportion was more grazing country, is Protestant by than four-fifths; and in eight coun- predilection, if not in actuality; ties, more than nine-tenths. More- and therefore constitutes a Protover, of the population of a county estant responsibility. surveyed, persons 0 u t sid e the churches formed thirteen – four- Common Obstacles to Church Work teenths of the population, and in the c 0 u n try districts, twenty- A plausible explanation of the twenty-firsts of the population. At presence of so many unchurched the hour of worship, only twelve Americans in these four kinds of per thousand inhabitants were new territory lies in the fact that present at any religious service, these areas all exhibit charactere it her Protestant or Catholic. istics that render effective religious Three-fourths of the families had ministry extremely difficult. Only no regular contact with any church. small numbers of people live within Six of the ten Protestant churches a convenient distance from comhad fewer than twenty-five mem- mon meeting points. Assembling bers each. Only one church had for services and group activities is restricted not merely by distance, but by bad roads, lack of bridges,

and topographical barriers. Most few lay workers and contributors, of the people are so poor that they low expenditures, restricted minis- have little margin from which to terial service, and a very limited contribute to the support of church- program. The little churches found es. Because of the youth of these in these areas have been unable to lands, common acquaintance and influence and to enlist the people of the habit of cooperation, which fa- their vicinities; and in many cases cilitate the development of such they have lost their hold upon chil- social organizations as churches, dren of their original members.

have barely begun to develop; and Having come from long-estab- in some districts there is not even lished and densely settled sections any place to hold services except of the country, the church people the little country schoolhouses. of these lands have tended to work These conditions constitute effec- toward the forms of church admin- tive handicaps to the work of the istration familiar to them in their churches. But that the difficulties former homes, that is, toward full- are not insurmountable is shown time resident ministers, circuits or by the fact that grazing regions yoked churches, and increasing de- where Mormons or Roman Cath- nominational competition. None of olics predominate have compara- these methods is adapted to the tively few unchurched persons, al- conditions of the newer lands.

though the common obstacles to As a natural consequence, the church work exist there in an ex- number of unchurched Americans treme degree. Moreover, under in these four kinds of new terri- similar conditions a very few Prot- tory is not decreasing. Indeed, estant churches alone in their among eight Protestant regions of fields, through strong and sus- the four types, the Protestant graz- tained work, have succeeded in en- ing regions and the mountain re- listing large proportions of their gions, which are the oldest, and in natural constituents. which churches have therefore been Ineffective Churches at work longest, have more un- churched people than the more re- The presence of many un- cently settled cut-over and dry- churched Americans, therefore, is farming regions; and among the not an inevitable result of adverse three dry-farming regions, the conditions; it is to be attributed in older have more unchurched people part to characteristics of the than the younger. In general, the churches themselves. Each church new lands are witnessing, not the came into existence independently, churching of the unchurched, but as the church of some group of set- the dechurching of the churched.

tlers with a common preference for Scattered indications are not a particular denomination. Because lacking in these areas, however, the settlers of most neighborhoods of new experiments in interdenom- represented many diverse origins inational cooperation, and of the both geographical, social and racial, introduction of methods of church churches of various denominations work that are better adapted to tended to arise in close proximity. the peculiar environmental condi- In regions where people are so scat- tions. Upon the fate of such recent tered and so poor, neighboring developments depends the success churches are inevitably small, with of the churches of the new lands.

PROBLEMS IN HOME MISSIONS *

BY THE QRf NEaVtiO."1H/,uE' RMiM88iAonN8~NPNre.sbMyteOriRanSEJh'UDr~hD.:' N Yk A. or B oard u. e; T HE topic is broad enough to new angles of old problems. That cover most of the concerns of process of expansion, change, and home missions. Few, if any, exploration is the history of Home problems of church work are ever Missions. It is also its present completely solved. This is not so and doubtless will be its future. much a confession of weakness as it is a recognition that America The Problem of Extension has experienced a constant process of growth and change. There are The Home Missions Congress no static problems in home mis- formulated a definition· of Home sions to be solved by exact formula Missions which emphasized five asbut there are a succession of prob~ pects. The most elemental of these lems undergoing continuous alter- is "to make the Church available to those sections of America which ation. Home Mission work began as a lack its ministry." We may call problem of preaching the Gospel this the problem of physical extenand planting the church in new sion, the provision of at least a communities. Enlarging territory minimum of religious privilege for and expanding population kept our every community in home mission fathers keenly aware that no sooner territory. The planting of new was this problem advanced toward churches virtually ceased three solution in one section than it was decades ago save in growing cities recreated for them elsewhere. The and suburbs. In most sections the frontier line receded before them. larger denominations are substan- They never quite caught up with it. tially reducing the number of their Then, in due time they became churches. It is recognized that aware that communities differed in many areas have more churches many vital ways and that these than they need. On the other hand differences constituted other prob- thousands of small communities are l~ms for the church. The composi- still completely unchurched. Chiefly tIon of the population changed. this concerns the more sparsely Contrastp, in race, language, color, settled portions of our country. culture, ~conomic status and social Where populations are dense a opportunity, religious background community without a church is a and outlook, accessibility, and gen- rarity, although every expanding eral standard of living-such fac- city or industrial area furnishes its tors so completely characterized the quota of new communities for course of American development as which churches must be provided. to keep the missionary enterprise Usually both resources and interest constantly exploring new ways to are available for the meeting of meet new situations, or to deal with such needs. But there is a mar- ginal problem not so dramatically t" '1 I hls brief paper has no ambition to list! evident and not so easily command- ing either interest or support. Scatbi e one o:l!er a solution for all the unsolved tered throughout the country are Pptlreor mlet m8s: of home missions. Its limits only c<?mment on certain ones of unquesoned slgmficance.-H. N. M.

3 673

many thousand small neighbor- largement of the service of exist- hoods, mostly isolated, with their ing churches. The Congress defini- populations aggregating in the mil- tion of Home Missions includes as lions which together constitute the its first element the following: most striking instance of religious "To win men and women to dis- neglect. Every state in the Union cipleship of Jesus Christ, to unite in which there are mountains, or them with other disciples in the cut-over timber lands, or dry-farm- fellowship of the Christian Church, ing areas, or small industrial cen- and to educate them for worship ters attracting foreign labor, as and service at home and abroad by coal mines or oil developments, has helping them to discover and to its share of these unchurched accept for themselves and for soneighborhoods. * ciety at large the full consequence The fact that this neglected pop- of Christian discipleship." The ulation is widely scattered and is Congress repeatedly called atten- usually found in very small aggre- tion to the fact that within com- gates, makes religious ministry for munities amply provided with them a matter of serious difficulty. churches are very many people who Frequently Sunday-school missions are almost completely overlooked or some similar form of itinerant by them. In almost every commu- service offers the only practicable nity, large or small, are people out- solution. Elsewhere churches could side the churches who are never be maintained, but would need a definitely sought out with the chal- large measure of missionary sup- lenge of Christian discipleship or port which has not hitherto been the ministry of Christian service.

available. Generally speaking, no Sometimes it is a particular racial satisfactory program could be de- or social group that is overlooked.

veloped along strictly denomina- Sometimes it is an isolated rural tional lines but must be sought neighborhood near the borders of through the medium of interde- the community. More frequently it nominational cooperation. Such is just a case of scattered folk who distinctively missionary responsi- are not noticed by the churches.

bilities as the Mormon area, the In the beginnings of Home Mis- Indian reservations and Cuba, sion work there was constant em- show considerable populations for phasis upon the responsibility of whom no evangelical work has ever each church to extend its own min- been attempted. Here the impulse, istry not only throughout its own and at the outset the financial sup- community but into neighboring port, must come almost entirely communities. That emphasis is as from the outside. m u c h needed today as ever.

Churches frequently are lacking in The Overlooked Groups that missionary zeal directed to- There is another aspect of ward their own immediate areas. church extension which is con- They have generally no conception cerned not with the planting of new of a larger parish for which they churches or the development of new are responsible. They tend to think forms of ministry, but with the eii- of their own constituencies rather than of the total populations to be *' Cf. Hinterlands of the Ohurch. Elizaheth reached. The churches in the aver- R. Hooker, Institute of Social and Religions Research, 1931. age village draw enough members

UNSOLVED PROBLEMS IN HOME MISSIONS

from the surrounding country to nance of any reasonable program. weaken and discourage such open In many parts of the country a country churches as may still be startlingly large proportion of the there, but do not make a consistent rural churches have less than effort to strengthen such country twenty-five members each and opchurches or to provide that thor- erate on budgets of less than $500 ough ministry for rural people a year. In the towns and cities, which would make the country while there are, of course, many churches unnecessary. The result churches of outstanding strength, is that the country areas adjacent the typical church operates perilto village or town or city are be- ously near the line of bare subsistcoming the most poorly served sec- ence. tions in the nation. As regards the problem of the city, it was empha- This situation is, obviously, in sized in the Congress that the city part due to the existence of more must be viewed as a whole and that churches than our present church any consideration which does not strength could reasonably be exemphasize the responsibility of pected to support. In part it is due each church in a city-wide strategy to our failure to select out and is fatally inadequate. energetically develop that large number of churches which are in a For the country as a whole it is position to render valuable service significant that the proportion of but which have never been suffiour population which is outside of ciently promoted. Among the spethe membership of all churches has cific problems involved here are remained the same for at least many of the hardy perennials of twenty-five years. Prior to that Home Mission history-such as the time the church consistently grew development of competent leadermore rapidly than the population ship; the provision of a just and as a whole. It almost seems as if reasonable minimum of salary; the the Church were content to peg its development of local financial rework at the point which it has now sources for the support of the reached with half of the population church; the encouragement of local in and half of it out of the church initiative and local m.anagement. membership. There are considerations here of The Problem of Development. ecclesiastical policy which run well beyond the range of home mission- This consideration leads us at ary responsibility or resources. once to a third one which might be There are three striking facts, called the problem of church devel- however, that apply with almost opment. The Congress definition equal force to all of the larger emphasizes the need "to supply Protestant denominations. The first adequate church leadership where is that each of them has a very the work of the present church is large number of churches which unsuccessful or inadequate." It are either chronically vacant or are seems not to be generally appreci-· quite inadequately served. Many ated that a large proportion of all such churches are served by men Protestant churches in both city who are compelled to make much of and country are below the point of their living outside of their minisnumerical and financial strength try. Others are so combined in which is adequate to the mainte- circuits as to put an unreasonable

burden upon their ministers and elementary parish school conducted provide the churches only with as the precursor of the public long-range and part-time care. The school which the people are not yet second fact is that our existing interested or able to maintain and system of church support provides having as its objective the provimany of our ministers with some- sion of the standard elements of an thing less than simple justice. elementary training. Many such Burdens are piled upon them which schools formerly conducted have a man can hardly carry and the long since been given up. They support is inadequate and often precarious. Looked at broadly, it have achieved their purpose of eduwould seem that we have not yet cating the community to a sense of learned how to make the most effective use of our ministerial per- the value of public education and sonnel or to enable them to make the state has relieved the church of the most effective use of their tal- what in our Protestant system we ents. The third fact demonstrated regard as a state responsibility. daily from end to end of our coun- Ultimately it is to be hoped Home try is that the community which Missions will not need anywhere to is over-churched is usually under- conduct schools of this type since ministered and the thing that hurts our aim as the Congress put it is is not so much the surfeit of "to supplement rather than to subchurches as the lack of construc- stitute for the responsibilities of tive personal ministry. the state in education."

The Problem of the Underprivileged Other more advanced or more specialized types of mission schools The fourth element of the Con- were developed in due course. gress definition concerns our service to those in need: "In the case These schools do more than the of handicapped or retarded areas state might do if it were willing or underprivileged groups, to as- and able. They discharge a spesist in providing those institutions cific and particular missionary purand services which are the neces- pose in relation to our total prosary elements·of a Christian stand- gram. The provision of a trained ard of living to the end that the and consecrated Christian leader- Christian community life may be ship will be a major objective for developed." This aspect of Home a long time to come in all of our Missions raises a problem which is twofold, to know when to provide distinctively missionary areas. such service and to know when to Other forms of service ministry cease to provide it. which were developed rather later The earliest missionaries to the than the mission school have at- American Indians found it desir- tained places of grealfinfluence in able to teach them to read and write and to instruct them in the the present program. Medical servrudiments of agriculture and hand- ice is perhaps the most fundamenicraft. The mission school naturally resulted. As developed through tal of these. The more impoverished the years it has taken a number of sections of the country are still characteristic forms. There is the woefully lacking in hospital facili- ties and competent medical and public health service. We have not in this country generally estab- lished either in theory or in prac- tice the responsibility of the state in this field. Our Indian population

is about the only considerable ex- are poor; or alien, or imperfectly ception and even here the provision adjusted to their environments, or made by the Federal Government groups in process of transition, is quite inadequate. While the mis- there is definitely room for this as- sion boards have done yeoman serv- pect of our ministry.

ice in many parts of the home Christ and the Social and Civic mission territory in equipping hos- Questions pitals, maintaining doctors and nurses and conducting a general The fifth and final aspect of the health program, this, in relation to Congress definition takes us into the existing need, is probably the the realm of applied Christianity.

most undeveloped aspect of our This emphasizes our responsibility program. To cite a single instance, "to bring the Christian impulse to the Dominican Republic has one bear upon the broad social and physician to every 8,700 people as civic questions of our day." We are compared to one physician for here concerned with a problem of every 700 people in the United interpretation and education rather States. There are just seven than with the conduct of specific trained Dominican nurses in the institutions or activities. No con- whole Repubtic, all of them gradu- sideration of the duty and oppor- ates of the mission hospital, or one tunity of the church can ignore the trained nurse to 128,000 people, question of the bearing of Chris- whereas in New York there is one tian principles upon those problems trained nurse to every 305 people. of our modern world which chal- An unstandardized, but very lenge the consistency of our Gospel.

valuable feature of the service pro- The Congress noted, for example, gram of Home Missions, is the that "the exceptional difficulties community or neighborhood house. under which many of our fields are In some sections the neighborhood laboring in this year of business house is. the forerunner of the depression accentuate the respon- church, doing the pioneer work in sibility in the field of economic an area where personal ministry is well-being. We believe our Home the only possible avenue of Chris- Mission Boards should take the tian approach. In other sections, leadership in summoning Christian notably in the service of the alien people to shape the economic struc- populations of our great cities, it is ture of American life in accordance a more or less permanent adjunct with Christian ideals. It is not to the church, providing those enough to deal with economic crises forms of adapted service to per- as they occur. So far as in us lies, sonal need which require a special- we must take measures to prevent ized equipment and training be- their occurrence and to guarantee yond the resources of the average to all our people an opportunity to conventional church. There are no achieve a Christian standard of practical limits to the degree to living."

which this type of service could Various aspects of this problem be profitably expanded whether come up at almost every stage of through a separate service station our work. If our concern is with or through special workers at- the Negroes, or with any of our tached to organized churches. As foreign-speaking groups, notably long as there are families which the Orientals on the coast and the

Mexicans in the southwest, we can- our ecclesiastical assemblies. A not be oblivious to questions of race rather impressive volume of resodiscrimination. If our concern is lutions have been passed. The difwith our great industrial popula- ficulty here does not seem to be in tions we cannot avoid an inquiry as determining what ought to be done. to what Christianity has to say The "unsolved problem" is how to about relations in industry. Unem- get it done. The Congress emphaployment and poverty cannot be sized that we ought now to pass viewed as exclusively economic from the "resolution" stage to the phenomena. International goodwill "action" stage by an aggressive is more than a political problem. movement of concerted effort with One might almost indefinitely elab- the dual purpose of eliminating orate the catalogue of questions competition and of cooperatively that point the moral that the extending our service to all un- Church today must concern itself served areas. To this end our first with all these problems of life ad- need is a question of attitude and justment in our modern world. spirit. We have the technique and the organization. What we need is Comity and Cooperation a wider diffusion of a cooperative spirit. At the same time it is nec- To this list of unsolved problems essary and desirable that we consuggested by the Congress defini- tinue to extend and develop the tion of Home Missions must be various cooperative organizations added two others. One is the prob- which in cities, states and nationlem of interdenominational comity ally provide the channels through and cooperation. The sincerest which our evangelical bodies may friend of the church must concede work together in their common that there is here an unsolved prob- tasks and study together their comlem of great urgency even while mon problems. contending what is undoubtedly the case, that rather remarkable prog- If we could find the way· to ress has been made in recent years deepen the spiritual life of the along this line. This was expressed Church we would doubtless in so in the Congress findings in the fol- doing increase its missionary zeal. lowing significant sentence: "It is If the church as a whole had an inthe plain truth that awareness of escapable conviction that it must go the significance of this problem is a forward, doubtless the means with modern development, that much of which to go forward would be the urgency of it is created by mod- found. In all our work primacy ern conditions, that we are trying must be given to the fundamental in a decade to undo the mistakes of religious motive. A stronger detera century and that, however uneven our success, we have made mination to prosecute the work of real progress and are developing the desire and the will to go for- the church will grow out of nothing ward to success." but a deeper religious experience. For some years now the question of interdenominational cooperation "What we need and what we believe has had the serious consideration the church at large needs is a renewed not only of mission boards but of and more vital consciousness of God; a sense that Jesus is Saviour and that there is none other either for the indi- vidual or for society, that without Him we can do nothing, that through Him we can do anything that needs to be done."

THE DAY OF THE COUNTRY

GONE?

BY THE REV. MALCOLM DANA, D.D., New Haven, Conn.

Director Oountry Life Depa,rtrneut" Cangrega.Uona,l Church Extcnsh.m BoardtS T HE distinctly open country "Urban? Why, bless your heart, type of church is probably we are nothing but an overgrown destined to share the fate of country town. This city is made up the crossroads store and the village of farmers who brought along with blacksmith shop. A town and coun- them their own habits and ways of try church is on the way with a looking at and doing things."

parish planned to include both cen- The visitor told this incident to ters and adjacent countrysides. an audience a while later, and re- Rural religion and the country marked: church are therefore entering upon "These people were describing a new and most important era, al- the same thing, but from opposite though their work may be more poles of experience. What is going qualitative than quantitative. Those on is interpenetration. City influ- interested are challenged to devise ences are backing up into the coun- new plans and programs suited to try, and rural folks are building a changed and changing country- themselves and their customs into side. The task is not an easy one. the life of urban centers."

It calls for a modern appraisement This movement calls for serious of the country church, and for a and thoughtful attention! Such thorough understanding of signifi- silent and subtle interchange chal- cant trends and movements in the lenges rural and city churches alike rural religious and secular fields. to see to it that neither institution Rural·Urban Interpenetrations suffers from this important give' and take.

Both the rural and urban reli- :Back·tier Populations gious forces are challenged to deal with a movement described by a In contrast to the merging of in- well-known sociologist. He was terests is the development of a new visiting in a small Iowa town and type of rural isolation. The fact referred to it as "rural." The clas- of diminishing popUlations is gen- sification was resented in some such erally recognized. But the effects words as these: of the exodus to the cities, and the "We are not rural, or different moving of country people out to from city folks. We dress and act paved highways are not so well as they do. We have city conveni- known. Nevertheless, back-tier ences in our homes, and go to urban populations are developing in many centers for our pleasures and en- quarters of the land. Superior folk joyments." still live in depleted areas and will A few days later he was talking continue to do so. But these migra- to one of the leading bankers of a tions are partly responsible' for large city not far distant from this "rural vice equalling anything to same village. He happened to use be found in Chicago, New York or the word "urban," which evoked Boston; spiritual illiteracy match- this comment: ing any book illiteracy to be found 679

in the 80uthern mountains; and a peals to mere sentiment and emo- need for medical missions almost tion.

as keen as in India and Africa." Attitudes Toward Mission Aid Nor are these conditions charac- teristic of regions where the great A fourth challenge asks for a distances and sparsely settled areas newly conceived, better designated might be expected to produce isola- and differently administered "mis- tion and loneliness. They exist in sion aid."

older and more populous states, and Rural churches were never more are often to be found only a few needed to help solve the problems miles back .from old and historic of the American countryside, and churches quite given to celebrating to assist in mitigating serious con- their one hundredth and one hun- ditions existing there. But dimin- dred and fiftieth anniversaries. In- ished memberships and constitu- deed, "overlooking" is fast being encies make it impossible for them recognized as a more frequent and to do the work alone and unaided.

reprehensible sin than that of the Nevertheless, there is a growing more talked about "overchurch- disinclination on the part of rural ing." Churches of the countryside ministers and churches, and even are therefore challenged to go out more on the part of young men who from even small centers to experi- are thinking of entering the min- ence the joys of "detours," and to istry, to be termed "missionary."

discover the blessedness of a new Some think the time has come to mission and field of work in the drop that word from the vocabu- region of back-country roads. lary of religious work. What was Passing of Pioneer Home Missions once a help has become a hindrance and an embarrassment. Churches Another challenge has to do with which are most needed, and which the passing of home missionary have the best right to help, are days. These days are gone, along generally the very ones that will with the disappearance of the fron- not ask for or accept so-called "mis- tiers, and rural work is becoming sion aid." This prejudice is ex- pretty much alike everywhere. Dis- plicable! Words change their pop- sertations on such themes as "The ular significance and meaning.

Modern Efficiency of the Country "Charity," for example, used to be Church" sound rather prosaic when a strong and self-respecting word compared to the more thrilling with little or no suggestion of con- tales of pioneer days. descension, almsgiving or dole.

These changes undoubtedly ex- Nowadays the worthiest poor re- plain, to some extent at least, the sent "charity" and abhor even the falling off in benevolent interest slightest idea of becoming "clients"

and giving, experienced by all of of some social service agency. It is the major denominations. Never- much the same with the word "mis- theless, the rural religious enter- sionary!" The term once stood for prise is challenged to vindicate pioneering, the heroic opening up sound theory which claims that ef- of hitherto unsettled lands, and the forts to increase the efficiency of building of new civilizations. But the average country minister and now the word has become too much his church will, in the long run, get of a label to indicate churches re- more permanent results than ap- ceiving financial aid. And churches

HAS THE DAY OF THE COUNTRY CHURCH GONE1

which have always been independ- sistance will be given or withheld ent, but are now fallen on hard according to the will and wish of times, are not likely to sue for certain individuals. So, with in- "mission aid." Thus, work which creasing frequency, some of the should be pushed more vigorously most needed and worthwhile than ever, and along new and ad- churches, prefer to die rather than venturesome lines, often' languishes ask for or receive "mission aid" or dies. administered in such a manner.

State ideas and procedures may State ideas and practice are adeindicate the way of escape from a quate to meet the situation. Devery real dilemma. The state frank- nominational funds might be raised ly realizes a tendency for popula- and administered in the same imtions and money to concentrate at personal manner, as supplementaurban centers, thus leaving behind tion or equalization funds. When depopulated and impoverished churches have raised a fair proporareas. It therefore creates and tion of the money necessary to semaintains special funds to help in cure privileges commensurate with matters of schools, roads and their needs and opportunities, they health. When these places have also would automatically become raised a certain percentage of the beneficiaries of funds created to funds necessary to meet local needs, stimulate that very achievement. they become automatically benefi- In lieu of all that country churches ciaries of state moneys set apart have given up from time immemofor the express purpose of supple- rial that city churches might live, menting their own. Such procedure such assistance could never be conis self-operative, self-adjusting, sidered "charity" or even benevoand works everywhere the same. lence. It would be sheer justice! Money is not given or received as The arrangement would be accharity. On the contrary, the meth- cepted as a just and equitable od is considered a just and states- method whereby churches everymanlike one. It enables peoples where might be helped to a leaderand communities everywhere to get ship, equipment and means, suffiand maintain institutions and priv- cient to guarantee to remote and ileges which guarantee the same impoverished churches and areas high levels of citizenship through- the same high levels of religious out the entire state. privilege now possible only to more accessible and well-to-do churches Like conditions in the field of and regions. rural religion argue for similar ideas and a like strategy. Church Comparisons with Modern Agriculture populations have always drifted cityward resulting in depleted and The fifth challenge to rural reliimpoverished country churches. gion and the country church is for Nevertheless, the latter are expect- a technic and attainment which can ed to cope with the most exacting stand comparison with those of the period of their history. The task great avocation of the countryside is an impossible one! Therefore -agricultUre. these churches must ask help, if they are to receive any, from some The rural church simply must state official or board. The trans- continue to exist and get results in action is highly personal, and as- the face of heavy odds. Its task is

rendered doubly hard because it is he will have little or nothing to do forced into daily comparison with with either. They will not be able the technic and achievements of to command his respect, following scientific agriculture and machine and support. farming. And few churches can bide the test! Nevertheless, they This challenge to efficiency does are challenged to do so. Two phases not belittle a primary need for conof this requirement are worth con- secration, spiritual mindedness, or sidering. religious fervor and devotion on the part of the rural minister. It In the first place, the rural does maintain, however, that coloschurch is bound to cooperate in sal piety can never do its perfect producing successful farmers. A work until it operates by means of noted economist cites the fact that a technic and program comparable according to a natural law there is to those of scientific agriculture. a tendency for the best lands to Nor is such efficiency alone matter pass into the hands of the most of ministerial efforts. The rural efficient farmer. Therefore, if rural minister has other needs than those America is ever to be evangelized of financial assistance. State offithe Christian farmer must be the cials are challenged to become best farmer." These statements sug- something more than mere placegest two queries. If the inefficient ment men and money getters. They farmer is even now being pushed themselves must become efficiency off the soil, will not a similar fate experts and field specialists interovertake the inefficient country ested and informed in a now well minister in a coming day of fewer established rural church technic. and better churches? Again, if evangelization of the countryside is New Conceptions a matter of making the Christian farmer the best farmer, must not The eighth challenge bids the the rural church be vitally inter- rural minister and the country ested in a successful agriculture as church acquire and practice right well as in the more distinctly spir- conceptions of both community and itual achievements? parish.

In the second place, the rural Accusation is made that the Protminister must be the peer of the estant Church has always possessedfarmer. Twenty-three per cent of two great weaknesses. It has not the people are now food producers. had a theory of parish based upon But the claim is made that ten per a study of the area to which it cent of the population of the United ought to minister, and it thinks in States will ultimately feed the nine- terms of constituencies rather than ty per cent. What does that sig- of populations. Parish, it is afnify? This. That ten per cent firmed, has never been a geographfarmer is destined to be the most ical concept at all, but has been the intelligent, highly trained, indus- sum of the church's supporters and trious, and efficient farmer that the adherents. Churches are primarily world has ever seen. There is chaJ- concerned abo u t "birth-right" lenge to the rural minister and his members, or about peoples of parchurch! Both must watch that ten ticular social levels or intellectual per cent farmer in method, equip- types. Families can live within ment, industry and results, or else easy distance of a number of churches and yet be no part of the

HAS THE DAY OF THE COUNTRY CHURCH GONE?

attentive concern of anyone of the same. According to the latest them. definition, a Larger Parish is "a Such faults are largely due to definite area, preferably one form- early policies of Home Missionary ing a natural community, where days when it was the custom for the religious groups join in a com- denominations to rush in pell mell, mon ministry, with a representa- all together, to occupy so-called tive council and a diversified serv- "strategic centers." Such irreli- ice."

gious competitions in turn begat This is a sound application of the two unpardonable sins of Prot- sociological discoveries. It is also estantism, viz., over-churching and following the lead of such move- over-looking. And, strangely, the ments as farmer cooperatives and second has always been resultant the consolidated school, and for from the first! Surveys show an similar ends. The Larger Parish almost universal fact! Whenever secures for the rural religious en- and wherever there is congestion terprise unity of action and a of religious privilege at village and larger area of patronage and sup- town centers there is always a cor- port. It makes possible better responding neglect of nearby and leadership and more ample equip- adjacent countrysides. ments. The cooperating peoples get Happily, the challenge to better together what no single group things is being accepted. A fact- of them might get alone. The pro- finding age, with its "survey meth- gram is a seven-day-a-week one, od," is fixing responsibilities for and considers the whole man and a newly discovered "actual commu- the entire life process. It is "com- nity" or "trade area." These com- munity minded," and seeks to dis- munities include both villages and prove the general accusation made their respective "town's land against rural churches, that very foundations." Catching step with few of them "are community sociology, enterprising ministers churches in the sense of actually and churches are perceiving that serving, or attempting to serve, all the "parish" must be identical with elements in the community and all these easily discoverable natural aspects of community life." It is communities. And services ren- also "activity centered," and at- dered by the rural minister and the tempts to do away with another country church must be to every weakness of the Protestant Church.

last soul living upon such an "in- "The most amazing thing about the habited area of land." country church is on how meager a program it can keep alive and satis- Ministry to Areas and Populations fied. Such a program costs very A final challenge to the rural little, and secures benefits for the minister and the country church is community that are proportional." to think and serve in terms of areas "Over-looking" is also to be banand popUlations. ished along with over-churching! The newer ideas of community Every individual and family living and parish are finding their best within the Larger Parish is not application in an increasing use of only to be discovered, but also made the Larger Parish. The latter is "a part of the attentive concern" perhaps more of a movement than of one of the cooperating churches, it is a technic and plan everywhere and of the Larger Parish itself.

AMERICA ENDURE

RELIGION?

BY THE REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D.D., New York Author of "The Fell_shi" vf Toil!'; Secretary 0/ the ROMd of National Mi8sions oJ the Presbytenan Church in the U. S. A.

N o ONE who knows history vantages which stable government will question the affirmation offers to the citizens, as a whole, that the religious need of and which orderly self-restraint the nation is its primary need. offers to each one, replace super- Until this is supplied the nation is natural sanctions and hold in check not secure and it cannot be free. the violence of masses and the self- A nation may exist without reli- indulgent impulses of the individ- gion but it cannot live without it. ual? History, if she cannot give a Experience has shown that reIi- complete answer to this question, gion is the most efficient of all fac- tells us that hitherto civilized so- tors in human history because it ciety has rested on religion, and furnishes at once essential ideas, that free government has pros- inspires great motives, controls so- pered best among religious peo- cial conditions and creates great pIes."

men. "Religion," said Daniel Web- Religion has a power that noth- ster, "is a necessity, an indispensa- ing else has to make bad men good, ble element in the life of a nation; to turn the profane to the holy, the there is no living without it." man unreal into the man most true.

Religion is the only basis upon Science has not that power, nor which a commonwealth that will has art. They are witnesses to the endure can be built. No amount of elevation of man, but they do not wealth or extent of culture has cause it. A noble religion causes ever given a nation strength when the elevation of man, creates his the religious element has been in science and his art. The forward decay. "Sometimes, standing in the movements of the world have been midst of a great American city," led by good men and women, per- says Mr. James Bryce in the Amer- sons made good by their religious ican Commonwealth, "one is star- ideals. History and experience tIed by the thought of what might prove that religion is the motive befaII this huge, yet delicate, fab- that turns the wheels of daily life, ric of laws and commerce and the inspiration that prompts self- social institutions were the founda- sacrifice, the force of will that re- tion it has rested on to crumble sists temptation and prompts obe- away. Suppose that all these men dience to truth, the aspiration that ceased to believe that there was develops character and guides con- any power above them, any future science. '-·'fII; before them, anything in heaven In America we are face to face or earth but what their senses told today with what may be called the them; . . . would man say, 'Let supreme moment in our history as us eat and drink, for tomorrow we a nation. It is the people who rule die'? or would custom, and sym- now, and unless God lives in and pathy, and a perception of the ad- rules through the people, the end 684 of all our struggles, the goal of all Democratization without Chris- our hopes and the boast of all our tianization is not sufficient to save progress wj]} be chaos, and chaos America. History shows that de- means death. No nation ever need- mocracy apart from religion is ed more than America needs the mechanical, powerless and lifeless high inspiration and guidance of -a form without a spirit. The an enabling and compelling reli- mere transfer of governmental and gious faith. social control from the self-seeking Socialization without Christian- few to the self-seeking many would ization is not sufficient to save not of itself be of any great benefit America. History abounds with to the nation or assure its endur- proof of the inadequacy of social- ance. Experience records the fact ization without moral impulse and that democracy apart from the spiritual power either to bring "fear of God" has always resulted about any permanent reform or to in failure, in disorder and in ter- account for it. The modern world ror. Lacking the spirit of Christ is beginning to see that no new leg- the Republics of Florence and Ven- islation win suffice. No new indus- ice yielded to dictators. For the trial system and changed economic same reason the first Republic of order in th~mselves will create the France passed through anarchy new social order which will insure and blood and then under the des- the endurance of the nation. There potism of the first Napoleon, and is no difficulty that cannot be over- the second Republic was easily come if one sets out with the right transformed into the empire of kind of citizens, but it must not be Napoleon Third.

forgotten that the chief sources of Democratization without Chris- our national and international tianity is not the way of salvation troubles are old-fashioned selfish- for a nation. Such a democracy is ness and ignorance. All efforts of a dead machine. Both history and socialization that ignore or evade experience demonstrate that de- the effects of selfishness and sin is mocracy cannot be worked without a socialization dealing with the a constant and practical recogni- symptoms of our social ills and not tion of the fundamental teachings its disease. What America needs of Christ, namely, the Fatherhood today is to be saved from the dis- of God, the brotherhood of man ease that is tarnishing its record and the infinite value of every hu- and impeding its progress; then in man soul in the eyes of God. When time the symptoms will take care democracy is based on these doc- of themselves. In laying the whole trines it is primarily a faith and stress on external conditions, in secondarily a form. Democracy is making these the main factors, the both a peril and a promise. With- chief element of the earthly para- out Christianity, it is a peril: with'

dise, socialization without Chris- Christianity, it is a promise.

tianization, is ethically imperfect Education without Christianity and inadequate to the purpose it is not sufficient to save America.

contemplates, n a mel y, that of Our fathers were wise in separat- bringing in a saved America ing the Church from education but wherein dwelleth righteousness, it does not follow that they intend- the only basis on which America ed to separate the Christian reli- can endure. gion from education. The effort to

do this has resulted in great in- be broken as soon as other ar- jury to both. If America is to en- rangements seem more profitable.

dure it must have the inspiration The Kingdom of God cannot be of religion and the restraint of claimed for America on any such education. "What God hath joined terms. The world waits for a de- together let no man put asunder," mocracy wise enough to rule and and experience is teaching us to- good enough to be trusted. It day that He has joined religion should be our prayer as Americans and education. To say that Chris- that such a democracy may be real- tianity has nothing to do with ized in America.

education is like saying that at- On the brow of the hill overmosphere has nothing to do with looking the bay where the Mayarchitecture. flower was moored they h a v e Character, rather than learning, erected a colossal statue of national is the primary need of a democracy significance. On the four corners that is to endure. Only as America of the pedestal repose four figures, is Christian can it endure. Social- representing Law, Morality, Freeization and education wit h 0 u t dom and Education. But above Christianity will inform America; these there stands erect the gigandemocratization without Christian- tic figure of Faith. Thirty and six ization will reform America, but feet she rises from the foot, which only as America is Christian can it rests upon a slate from Plymouth be transformed in a way that will Rock. With one hand she grasps insure its permanency. We shall an open Bible, and with the other never have a democracy in Amer- in graceful gesture she points the ica worth having on any other Nation to God. The only book she terms than those of Jesus Christ. opens to· the eyes of the world is He must be put into the thought the Bible-the book that has made of America, the conscience of the American Republic strong, and America, the relationships of the only book that can perpetuate America, the activities of America, it. The Bible has given us the only the spirit of America, if America true religion by which we have is to endure. Christ insisted that been led in our advances of liberty a nation's life, like man's life, con- and learning in the past, and the sists not in the things which it Bible offers us the only true relipossesses. Out of all the conflicts gion by which we can make progof abhorent forces it becomes clearer every day that the new ress in the cause of liberty and life order can only come to a nation in the future.

that has conquered animalism and God of our fathers, known .of old, has risen to the ranks of a brother- Lord of our far-flung battle line; hood founded on love and justice. Beneath whose awful hand we hold Mere social, political, economical Dominion over palm and pine; or educational conventions are like Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet, the treaties of nations-made to Lest we forget: lest we forget.

AS SEEN BY AN

BY PAUL AUH, Ph.D., New York Korean Dit:i8i(Jn~ Cornmittfc on PrifndtJj Rnlntions A mo'»g .Fo'rciyn Stttd(:nt8 T wo newly-arrived students in Men and the Elephant." Whatever America were engaged in an picture the present writer may argument about the price of paint of America can be only fragadmission to a moving-p i c t u r e mentary and not representative. theater. America is a paradox, a dilem- "How can that be possible," said rna. It seems to flourish outside one decidedly, "I paid fifty cents of logic, defying reason and disreonly yesterday to go into that the- garding consistency. The American ater, and yet you say you paid sev- scene is full of extremes, and conenty-five cents for the same thing!" fiicting and antagonistic tendencies.

The other retorted in a no less What is remarkable is that the firm tone, "The price sign called American people somehow seem to for that amount, and I complied find peace and calm in a life of with it." dualism. The typical American be- A third student came up and ing a realist, a pragmatist, seems asked what the argument was to gather enough harmony and about. When informed, he said: complacency in these inconsisten- "You are both wrong. The real cies. price is thirty-five cents. You fel- The visitor from the Orient finds lows being strangers here must in America opposing factors that have been cheated." baffle him. There are here two dynamically opposed philosophies The truth was that the three had of life, that taught by Western gone to the theater at three dif- civilization and that based on the ferent times when the admission teachings of Jesus. The contrast price was different: Weekday mat- inee, 35 cents; weekday evenings, becomes bolder because of the exag- 50 cents; Saturdays and Sundays, gerated emphasis upon material- 75 cents. All three students were istic philosophy. right, but only in part. This Western philosophy of life This incident roughly illustrates has taught the people of the West the difficulty of attempting to write to be acquisitive, aggressive, opon "An Oriental View of Christian pressive, individualistic, selfish, America" and describe any people dominating, and exploitative. It or culture. It is a difficult task but has nurtured the people on the it is doubly hazardous to attempt "Get-as-much-as-you-can" principle to characterize a country as vast of life; it has elevated hedonism and as complex as America. At to the throne of God; it has glori- present America is more like a fied force as the supreme virtue of "stew pot" than a "melting pot," man; it has exalted conquest as the and this complicates the situation highest achievement of mankind. still further. The foreign visitor is, Side by side with these rules of thus, unduly exposed to the danger conduct is a code of ethics set up of being like one of the blind men by Christ and directly opposed to in the story of "The Seven Blind the principles of materialistic civil- 687

ization. Christ taught a religion of sal peace and Christian brotherlove, self-sacrifice, humility, and hood, and yet their government renonresistance. It's system of ethics fuses to join the most useful agent is built upon the spirit of "Love of international conciliation and your enemy," and "Turn your other world peace. It is difficult for the cheek." It condemns brute force as Oriental mind to understand how base, hatred as inhumane. any people that recites day after day the petition, "Forgive us our These two systems have been trespasses as we forgive those who compelled to live side by side for trespass against us" can be a party the last twenty centuries. There is to lynching. no reconciliation between the two. They are incompatible. As a re- What is most baffling to the Orisult the West has attempted to live ental visitor is that the masses of a dual life, abandoning neither the American people are not conphilosophy and not fully accepting scious of such a dual living. Their either. complacency is a wonder.

Evidences of this dual standard The Oriental Christian is hurt of life abound everywhere. The for two reasons. First place, behistory of America especially cause he is an Oriental. His life abounds in examples. Here a for- and his religion are one, merged eigner finds the most kindly sort into his everyday conduct. He is of people, hospitable, thoughtful, taught to respect elders not as a sympathetic. But, on the other mere abstract theory, but as a hand, America is unanimously con- moral rule. He is instructed to redemned by the visitors from the gard wisdom as the highest way of East as· the most race-prejudiced, life, not as an idle principle. When un-Christlike country in the world. he is introduced to Christianity as Here one finds millions of dollars the religion of love, he takes it at spent for charity, both at home and its face value. The missionaries abroad, for public service, for mis- from the West show him the virtue sion work in foreign lands, and for of the Sermon on the Mount, and if many other types of work, and yet, he accepts its principles it becomes in contrast the foreign~r discovers his moral standard of conduct, and the most inhumane methods of not merely a set of beautiful ideals money-making, dollar-extracting, to be admired. and a mad lust for gold. The Oriental is deeply impressed with such Second, an Oriental is hurt in expressions of Christian devotion America because he is a follower as that stamped on coins-"In God of Christ. He keenly resents any We Trust." He witnesses the rep- abuse of Christian teaching. When resentatives of the people assem- he hears such expressions as bled in the Congress bowing their "lynch him ;"1 when he is called heads in prayer before making their deliberations, and then is as- :'Chinaman," in an offensive way;' tonished at the ease with which IS separated from other worshipers force is adopted as an instrument and is given an entire pew to himof national policy in its dealings with weaker nations. Teachers and 1 Refers to the meldent whiCh occurred in the preachers, leaders and other thinkers expound the benefits of univer- Cathedral of St. John the Divine In connection with a controversy between Judge Ben B Lin- say and Bishop Manning. .

'Refers to an incident in a New York City church.

AMERICA AS SEEN BY AN ORIENTAL

self3 in the temple of the God of In the meantime, the rest of the Love, it saddens and hurts him. world runs rampant.

Has the American Church ener- There are signs that the Amergetically combated the influence of ican Church of today is waking up. materialistic civilization? Unfor- It begins to see that religion must tunately it seems clear that the exert influence on the whole of life. Christian Church in America has Christians are accepting the chalfailed to bring a harmony between lenge of life issues and are comthe two divergent theories of life. bating evil influences instead of It has not succeeded in stemming retreating. A new dawn seems to the mighty torrent of materialism; be coming, and there are new reainstead, it has largely been swept sons to hope that the Christian reaside by the currents of material- ligion will ultimately build the istic teachings. Before the impos- Kingdom of God on earth. But the ing, glittering Towers of Babel, enemies are powerful. Will the the little temples of worship seem American people, who have been colorless and insignificant. Before nurtured with the milk of material the stampede of the powerful army comfort, be able to enjoy the life of mechanical civilization, the that Jesus lived? Christian Church seems to maintain its existence only by retreat- America may build the finest ing, conceding, and conforming. temples of worship, spend millions To the Oriental the American of dollars in Christian work, de- Christian Church seems to be an liver the finest sermons from its institution deprived of its soul and pulpits, produce the highest kind vital power. The living spirit of of literature on Christian dogmas, Jesus Christ seems to have been persuade everyone to attend church lost. The people are drunk with the services, and yet the real spirit and sweetness of material comfort. The soul of Jesus and His teachings Church has inherited a set of reli- may ultimately be found not in the gious dogmas and rites which mean West but in the East. less and less. The Christian religion has largely become class and The writer is not unappreciative race religion with purposeless and of the many American men and intermittent church-going. Reli- women who are the finest types of gion and life have grown apart. Christians. He has met here many kind, understanding, devoted, ear- 3 Refers to an incident in an Iowa church. nest Christians; but America as a whole is not Christian.

WHERE YOUTH ARE WANTED Dr. John R. Mott indicates seven lines of need for youth in active missionary service: (1) to fill important gaps in the missionary ranks; (2) to succeed competent missionaries who must soon retire because of old age; (3) "to supersede relatively incompetent workers;" (4) to reinforce the present staff in many fields in order to prevent the physical breakdown of over-worked missionaries; (6) to adequately man existing institutions in order to make their service more effective; (6) to give expert help in lines of specialization; (7) to enter totally unoccupied fields.

Western students raise the question: "Granted that we may be needed on the mission field, are we wanted there by the natives of the country?" This inquiry has been put to leading nationals in the Church in every mission field. Dr. Mott states the conclusion thus: "In all fields, occupied by three-quarters of the inhabitants of the non-Christian world, native Christian leaders without exception state that they both need and want more missionaries from the West, but they Bpecified that theBe must be the be8t that EurrYpe and America can provide."

4

BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

CHRIST AND THE VILLAGES IN And Jesus with his disciples with- drew to the sea: and a great multitude SCRIPTURE AND SONG from Galilee followed: and from Ju- dea … hearing what great things he For use with study book: "Christ did (Mark 3: 7-8). Comes to the Village." Song: "Glorious Things of Thee And Jesus went about all the vil- Are Spoken." lages teaching, and preaching and healing (Mat. 9: 35). And it came to pass, that he was going on the Sabbath day through the Song: "The Great Physician." grainfields; (Mark 2: 23).

And passing along by the sea of Song: "Far and Near the Fields Galilee, he saw Simon and Andrew the Are Teeming." brother of Simon casting a net in the sea: for they were fishers. And Jesus And in the morning, a great while said unto them, "Come ye after me, before day, he rose up and went out, and I will make you to become fishers and departed into a desert place, and of men" (Mark 1: 16-17). there prayed (Mark 1: 35).

Song: "Where He Leads Me I Will Song: "The Beautiful Garden of Follow." Prayer."

And seeing the multitudes, he went And it came to pass soon afterwards, up into the mountain: and when he that he went about through cities and had sat down, his disciples came unto villages, preaching and bringing the him: and he opened his mouth and good tidings of the Kingdom of God taught them, saying, (Luke 8: 1).

Blessed are the poor in spirit: for Song: "Hold the Fort." theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Now as they went on their way, he Blessed are they that mourn: for they entered into a certain village: and a shall be comforted. certain woman named Martha received him into her house (Luke 10: 38). Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth. Song: "Let the Saviour In.''

Blessed are they that hunger and thirst And he went forth again by the sea after righteousness: for they shall side; and all the multitude resorted be filled. unto him, and he taught them (Mark 2: 13). Blessed are the merciful: for they shall obtain mercy. Song: "Peace Be Still."

Blessed are the pure in heart: for And Jesus went forth, and his dis- they shall see God. ciples, unto the villages of Cresarea Phillipi (Mark 8: 27). Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called sons of God. Song: "The Old Rugged Cross."

Blessed are they that have been per- They (His disciples) therefore, secuted for righteousness' sake: for when they had testified and spoken the theirs is the kingdom of heaven. word of the Lord, returned to Jeru- salem and preached the Gospel to many Blessed are ye when men shall re- villages (Acts 8: 25). proach you, and persecute you, and say all manner of evil against you Song: "Lord, Speak to Me." falsely, for my sake.

Rejoice and be exceeding glad: for great is your reward in heaven: for so persecuted they the prophets who were before you (Mat. 5: 3-12).

690

METHODS FOR WORKERS

And again he began to teach by the Jesus withdrew from thence in a sea side. And there is gathered unto boat, to a desert place apart: and when him a very great multitude, so that the multitudes heard thereof, they folhe entered into a boat, and sat in the lowed him (Mat. 14: 13). sea (Mark 4: 1). Song: "In the Secret of His Pres- Song: "The Life Line." ence."

And it came to pass that he went Woe to him that buildeth a town out into the mountain to pray; and he with blood (Habakkuk 2: 12). continued all night in prayer to God (Luke 6: 12). Song: "Lest We Forget."

Song: "In the Garden." And wheresoever he entered, into villages, or into the country, they laid And as he entered into a certain the sick in the marketplaces, and bevillage, there met him ten men who sought him that they might touch if it were lepers (Luke 17: 12). were but the border of hi,s garment: and as many as touched him were made Song: "Where Are the Nine?" whole (Mark 6: 56).

There arose a great persecution and Song: "Song of Galilee." * they (all of His disciples) were scattered all abroad throughout the re- Each gentle dove and sighing bough gions of Judea and Samaria … and That makes the eve so blessed to me went about preaching the word (Acts 8: 1-4). Has something far diviner now, It bears me back to Galilee. Song: "Faith of Our Fathel's." Chorus And he went on his way through cities and villages teaching (Luke o Galilee! sweet Galilee! 13: 22). oWhGearelileJee!sussweloevtedGasloileme!uch to be: Song: "We've a Christ for the Vil- Come sing thy song again to me! lages." (Tune: "We've a Story to Tell to the Nations.") Each fiow'ry glen and mossy dell, Where happy birds in song agree, We've a Christ to take to the village, And tell them of God's great love; Through sunny morn the praises tell A Christ who died to save them, Of sights and sounds in Galilee. A Christ who reigns above, A Christ who reigns above. And when I read the thrilling lore And the darkness shall turn to dawning, Of Him who walked upon the sea, And the dawning to noon day bright, When we take Christ to the village, I long, oh, how I long once more With His message of love and light. To follow Him in Galilee!

• Words by R. MorriS, LL.D.; Music by H. R. Palmer.

WORSHIP THOUGHTS OF A FURLOUGHED MISSIONARY A missionary sits alone in the crowd, thrilled by a harmonious beauty of the Christian Cathedral that dwarfs the shabby wonders of the East. A letter is in his pocket: •….. "We deeply regret finances do not permit your return to the field."

What would that stooped old Indian village Christian think of this delicate symmetry of the chancel carving? ….. What richness of organ and choir voices …… The cost of that organ would endow the school forever. What a processional of consecrated young lives that would mean!

Foolish dreams! …… Poor B-, out there alone……. Just a boy trying to do a pastor's work in a village full of ignorance……. So many problems …… Why didn't I wait until next year to take my furlough?

What a gem of a window! I hadn't seen that before. How unique, and how it fits the niche among the arching pillars, ….. Could anyone help worshiping here?

After all, the mud village is so minute, so unimportant. This is the very Presence of God!

What's this dull ache in my heart …… ?-George B. Garden, En Route to India, June, 1!J31, The Chri8tian Advocate.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Council of Women for Home Missions- FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America AN UNTOUCHED MIGRANT FIELD shoes, and food. What a Mexican should be paid is just enough to live on, with BY EDITH E. LOWRY maybe a dollar or two to spend. That's all he deserves. If he is paid any more In a study of Mexican labor in the he won't work so much or when we need United States made recently by Paul him; he's able to wait around until we S. Taylor, of the University of Cali- have to raise the price above what's fornia, we discover ·something of the legitimate.'

extent of a migrant field, to date un- "The pressing need for Mexicans in touched. In Dimmit County, Texas certain seasons is indeed some protecthere has been developed a cycle of tion to them. As was said by one crops including corn, casaba melons, grower who regretted that their cotton, egg plant, peppers, squash, wages are not higher, beans, spinach, lettuce, beets, broccoli, onions, citrus .fruit, strawberries and " 'The Mexicans' only protection is that cantaloupes. The laborers used in the they are the only labor available, and cultivation and harvest are for the you can't treat them too badly and hold most part Mexican and many are mi- them. The relations between Mexican grants. laborers and American employers are fine, and are regulated under economic, The peak seasons when the migrant not personal pressure.'

is in demand are from late October to "The attitude of Americans toward January and during April and part of education of Mexicans within their May. Here, as in other sections, the midst exhibits a wide range. The Mexican is making an inestimable con- dominant view is the one expressed by tribution to our national life and yet an onion grower: -what does he receive in return! "'The little education they get in the The following excerpts from this schools here spoils them, and makes them study reveal some of the difficulties trifling. They become peddlers and bootthe Mexican is facing. leggers, or seek some easy way of mak- ing a living. They don't want to do this "The view that 'the lesoS you pay (onion-clipping) or other work. Some them the more work you get done' is of them are bright, and get a good educommon among south Texas farmers. cation at San Marcos (colleges) or some The grower next quoted outlined the other institution, and are fine people. position in detail. Not knowing my They should be taught something, yes. identity, but suspecting my northern But the more ignorant they are, the origin, he voiced doubt that I would better laborers they are. The law which understand the point of view: keeps them out if they can't read (liter- acy test) keeps out the best laborers and " 'I saw an article by a northern woman; lets in the worst. If these get educated, she gave it to the farmers here pretty we'll have to get more from Mexico.' hard. Perhaps I'm talking to the wrong man; if you are from the North you "Another observed, won't understand. The Mexican is getting paid about four bits too much; he "'The white children are in school and gets from $1.50 to $2 a day. He should the Mexicans in the fields. The whole get about 3il. When he has a dollar in community wants to make a living and his pocket he won't work. You get more get rich out of Mexican labor.'

onions transplanted at 5 cents a row "A merchant who, like the grower tnhaatnureyoouf dthoe aMt e1x0iccaenn. ts.HeInt'esedjsusatbtohuet I~t quoted was unsympathetic W.Ith $8 a week, if he has a family, for clothes, thiS point of view, said: 692 "'They seem to be afraid that if they "'Because a – – – greaser is not fit learn, they can't handle them as well as to sit beside a white girl. Anybody who they do now. They seem to be afraid wants to get into trouble around here they will unionize and ask higher wages. can just try to put them in the same Some farmers are afraid that if the school. A man would rather his daugh- Mexicans are educated they will want ter was dead than that she should marry to buy land. Well, why not? They are a Mexican. The Mexicans are too dirty entitled to it. and filthy. If they separate in school the children learn the difference and they "Religion was cited both for and won't mix with the Mexicans. Of course, against the education of Mexicans if they contend for it, we will either have . . . It was a descendant of the earli- to take them into the school or else est settlers of the county who invoked build them another.' religion in favor of their education. "Separation is maintained even "'These people should have recogni- when admittedly uneconomic. As a tion, I say. They should be educated, -school official in one town stated, but it will have to come from some one that feels truly the need of the Bible "'We are going to build a new high quotation, "Do justly, love mercy, and school, and would have room to take the walk humbly before thy God.'" Mexicans in a (separate) room (in the American school), but the board is "Another south Texan with a strong afraid of public sentiment and will not religious strain, who had lived in the do it. They say they will build a sepacounty since cattle days also invoked rate school (for the Mexicans). It isn't the moral and religious appeal: economic.'

"'The Americans do wrong to the "An old woman opposed separation: Mexicans. As a Christian people we 'When we die we are all the same.''' should see that they are educated.' YENCHING CHAPEL "School authorities and teachers, like the general American population The Rural Evangelist Speaks of the county, were divided in their views. Some who did not favor edu- A recent Sunday morning service cating Mexicans have already been of worship at Yenching University quoted. Generally the teachers of was especially impressive. Dr. T. C. Mexicans thought the Mexicans should Choa, University Chaplain, was in be educated, and chafed under inade- charge of the service. The speaker, quate facilities, although one said in Mr. Tsai Yung Ch'un, was a young a bewildered sort 'of way, man with a fine spiritual face. Mr. Tsai was formerly a student at Yen- " 'I have wondered why they don't en- ching, having been graduated last force the attendance law. I see numbers June. For some months he has been who.have never been to school. We now working as a country evangelist for have more than we can do justice to. the American Board Mission in the We don't have time to do as good work villages around Paotingfu and Tinghas in the American school. If they went sien. As he told of the needs of these to school, it would raise their standard rural people and tne insistent call of of living, but of course onion work is service for them, his face revealed the what we have for them to do.' deep sympathy which he had for them, the Christian love which filled his "From a tenant farmer in a district heart, and the desire to give all, that with one school admitting only Amer- he might bring t[) them the uplifting icans came the most vigorous and emo- power of J eBUS Christ. tional utterance which I heard. In response to an inquiry as to why Mex- He told of how when he was about icans were not admitted to their to leave a certain village, word went school, put as mildly as I knew how, around among the church members, he flared back a reply charged with and that evening a number of them race, sex, and class antagonism: gathered at the house where he was staying. They were unable to express

the feeling that filled their hearts. voice saying, 'Be Jesus to them. Move They asked him to lead them in sing- among them in the way the Heavenly ing, "God Be With You Till We Meet Father would-that is your message.' " Again." Then for a long time they talked together. Finally one of them We were told that over eighty per suggested that they pray together. cent of the Chinese population belong Mr. Tsai said: "I prayed. I felt it to the peasant class. About ninety hard to leave them, for I don't know per cent of the whole population are when or who will come again to this rural people. "What is China but this village to be their helper. I could rural mass? If you want to save only put them in the care of our Fa- China you must save the masses. They ther. After my prayer, every one of are the real China." them prayed. So although the village homes are unheated, village life is In closing Mr. Tsai said, "I would warm. Oh, how I love that warmth!" like to present to you a word from Jesus: 'Unless a grain of wheat falls With great earnestness Mr. Tsai on the ground and dies, it remains told of the needs of these village pec just one grain. But if it lives, it yields pIe. He said: "The villagers are suf- a great harvest.' " fering from ignorance, poverty, disease and sellshness, the four great I came away with mingled feelings enemies of China." of great sorrow because of the suf- ferings of China's millions, and great As a concrete illustration, he told of joy in my heart because of Christian a twelve-year-old girl who was so Chinese young men and women, such bright that after studying three as the one we had just listened to, months in a class she was able to read whose consecration, Christ-like love the New Testament. When Mr. Tsai and faith in God, and self-sacrificing came to the viJIage he said, "This girl service give promise of a better, must have a chance for further edu- brighter day for China-a day of cation." But when he visited her more equal opportunities, of brotherhome, her parents said to him: ly love, and Christian fellowship made "Teacher, you see this girl. When- possibl.e through the mighty working ever a teacher comes to stay in the of Jesus Christ our Saviour. village she drops everything and goes to attend the class. But we are poor THE AMERIOAN INDIAN farmers. We cannot afford to let her go. At home she ean help to spin and Study for 1932-1933 earn a few coppers a day." Those who have felt the need for Other instances of privation, lack an up-to-date presentation of the of opportunity, and suffering touched American Indian situation and have the hearts of his hearers, and as the hoped for a year of study on this subdepth of his sympathy and love for ject, wiJI rejoice to know that .The these people sometimes choked the American Indian will be the theme for words, I saw more than one of the the interdenominational home mission listeners wipe the tears away. books in 1932-1933.

After giving other illustrations, Mr. Because of changes in per.sonnel Tsai said, "These all are suffering and management, the Indian Service from problems which are rooted in has been in the public eye constantly ignorance, poverty, disease or selfish- for the pa.st few years, and so it is ness." particularly fortunate that the Mis- sionary Education Movement and "During my first days in Tingh- Council of Women for Home Missions sien," the speaker continued, "I was were able to secure the consent of Dr. tackling the question 'What message Lewis Meriam, one who is thoroughly have I for the villagers 7' After these conversant with all aspects of the situfew months of work, and in the face ation, to prepare the book for adults. Dr. Meriam, who was the Technical of I'llch Slffl)rings, I feel within me a

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

Director of the Survey of Indian Af- A course book for Juniors, containfairs conducted under the Institute ing source materials and suggested for Government Research at Washing- procedures will be prepared by Miss ron, is a member of the Society of Katherine Gladfelter, author of "Un- Friends (Quaker) and has a deep der the North Star." There will also personal interest in the Indian mis- be a reading book for this age group sionary work of the Church. written by Miss Dorothy Cate of the staff of the Indian Department, Na- His book will not deal with the past tional Board of the Y. W. C. A. but with the future of missionary work among the American Indians. For primary children there will be According to the tentative plan which a course book, containing source mahas been outlined, such subjects as terials and suggested procedure, prethese will be treated: Social and eco- pared by Mrs. Florence Crannell nomic condition of the Indians, or- Means, author of "Rafael and Conganized effort for Indian advancement, suelo" and Mrs. James F. Riggll. understanding the Indian point of view, attitudes of white people toward The Home Missions Council and the Indians, what is to become of the Council of Women for Home Missions, American Indian in the United States, which through the Joint Committee on winning Indian cooperation, coopera- Indian Work place directors of relition with the Government, evangelical gious education in the large non-reserwork, missionary service to Indian vation Government Boarding Schools families and communities, relation of and cooperate with the Government in missionaries to education of Indian helping to bring about better condiboys and girls, personnel for the mis- tions of living for the Indians, will be sionary enterprise. In brief, the book able to supply helpful supplementary will fall into two sections, the first material for use in connection with part dealing with the Indian situation this study. as it is today and the second with the outstanding opportunities for Chris- HOW TO OBSERVE LABOR tian service. SUNDAY Mi,ss Winifred Hulbert, the author of "West Indian Treasures" has been BY JAMES MYERS spending the past months visiting the Indian schools and mission centers Mr. Myers ts Industrial Secretary, Social throughout the country with the pur- Service Commission, Federal Council of the pose of writing a book for young peo- Churches of Christ In America, ple which will attempt to reflect the thought and aspiration of Indian The Sunday immediately preceding young people about conditions among Labor Day has been set aside by the their people and their own future. churches as a special occasion for drawing attention to the spiritual and Arrangements have been made to human values involved in labor and publish an adventure story for Inter- industrial relations. The Social Servmediates entitled "Three Arrows" by ice Commission of the Federal Coun- Rev. E. Ryerson Young, of Canada, a cil has issued as usual a Labor Sunday missionary of long experience among Message which is requested to be read the Indians of western Canada. The from the pulpit on Labor Sunday, story is founded on fact, especially on September 6th. Many churches also the life work of Robert Rundle, and post a copy of the Message on the shows how the labors of the early church bulletin board or give out missionaries have helped to prepare c'Opies at the close of the service. The the Indians for the new day. A "unit" Message this year deals with economic course with suggestions for group security for the worker,s as a demand ,sessions and with background material of human brotherhood and stresses will be issued for leaders. the necessity of all forces in society now planning permanent preventives of unemployment, as well as meeting the problems of immediate relief. It

is a clear challenge to the churches to during the coming winter. Detailed take the leadership in promoting a suggestions may be had from the So- Christian 80cial order which will abol- cial Service Commission, but especial attention is called to the need of study ish unemployment.* in women's missionary societies, young people's groups and adult Bible classes Realizing that ,something more than of present social conditions, of the mere pronouncements are needed in principles upon which a Christian soorder to show the way toward this de- cial order should rest, and of suggestsired goal, the Social Service Commis- ed waya toward its accomplishment. sion, together with the Social Action Because of the comparative dearth of Department of the National Catholic available discussion material in this Welfare Conference, and the Social field, the carefully prepared "Discus- Justice Commission of the Central sion Outline on Unemployment,"t Conference of American Rabbis, held published by Association Press, will in Washington last winter a confer- be especially wei com e d by the ence on Permanent Preventives of Un- churches. This course includes sugemployment. The sixteen notable ad- gestions for practical projects in redresses delivered at the Conference by lief work by church groups as well as leading employers, economists, govern- supplying a discussion outline of the ment officials, labor leaders and church great economic problems involved in representatives are now available in building a Christian social order. It printed f'orm and supply a rich source includes also significant reference quoof information; Copies may be secured tations, source material and bibliogfrom the Social Service Commission raphies. Perhaps no one thing would at 50 cents apiece. do more toward promoting conscien- tious concern and intelligent, conatruc- The Social Service Commission re- tive action toward a Christian social quests also that special prayel'S be order than to have thousands of offered in the churches on Labor Sun- groups in our churches following this day for relief of economic distress and l!ourse of study and action during the for divine light and leading toward coming winter. It would constitute the building of a brotherly economic a most effective follow-up for Labor order in which there shall be such Sunday. economic security for the masses of men as shall promote the good life for REQUESTS all. Miss Helen M. Brickman, Director In many cities union services of the of Indian Work, Home Missions Counchurches are held–sometimes out- cil and Council of Women for Home doors in the public park-with special Missiona, returned from her recent speakers, an employer, a labor union trip to the Indian field with these releader, a minister, and perhaps a city quests. Perhaps you or your friends official. In any case, all ministers are may be able to help. requested to preach on the religious significance of labor and industrial The Friendship Club, composed of problems. Suggestions for sermon Indians living and working in Albumaterial and a bibliography have been querque, New Mexico, needs games prepared and may be had from the and music for an orchestra. They Social Service Commission. meet every other week, bringing their supper and spending the evening to- It Is particularly important that gether. There are usually about sixty Labor Sunday shall usher in a con- in attendance. tinuing program in the churches in social service and industrial relations *Additional copies of the Labor Sunday Mes- t'·UneIp.ployment. a Discussion Outline" presfige ean be obtained from the Commission on pared by Prof. Harrison Elliott. Prof. Erdman Harris, of Union Seminary, New York, Miss the Church and Social Service, Federal Coun- Nellie M. Day of Chicago, and James Myers cil of the Churches of Christ in America, 105 may be obtained from the Association Press, East 22nd Street, New York; price $1.00 per 347 Madison Avenue, New York. hundred, 4 cents per single copy.

At the government hospital at La- plies were carried by horses, mules, guna, New Mexico, both the doctor and oxen, which obtained their suband nurses pled for hymn books and sistence from the grass that grew not sacred records for a portable victrola. too plentifully along the route. Hav- ing passed beyond the limits of civili- Any of the above should be sent to zation, and having left churches and Mr. J. C. Ross, 324 Columbia Avenue, religious institutions behind, the re- Albuquerque, New Mexico. straints of the Sabbath were soon for- gotten by most, and all days were alike The children and young people at employed in a diligent march onward. one of the government hospitals near The company of which I was a mem- Riverside, California, asked for sto- ber, however, had halted for one or two ries and story papers. These may be Sabbaths. Stopping one Sunday near sent to Saboba Hospital, San Jacinto, where several routes converged, one of California. our company counted 197 teams that passed during the day. The idea of NOTICE losing our advanced position-for we had started early in the season-and The Department of Study of the Na- week by week getting farther and fartional Board of the Young Women's ther behind, was not relished. The Christian Associations is offering a best of the grass, if not all of it, would course on "The Social Awakening of be used up by those ahead of us. The the Churches, 1850-1930," under the absence of any religious services and leadership of Dr. Vida D. Scudder for other reasons were adduced against many years professor of English Lit- stopping, and those who were in favor erature at Wellesley College. of resting were in the minority. But after the day's rest, on resuming our This course is to be given once a journey next morning we were not a week for twelve weeks, beginning the little surprised at the rapid gait of our week of September 28th at the national teams as compared with those of other headquarters, 600 Lexington Avenue, companies. In two days we had over- New York, N. Y. The day will prob- taken and passed more teams than had ably be Tuesday or Wednesday and the passed us on Sunday; and all the week time suggested is either late afternoon through we added to the number. or a morning hour. There will be a When the next Sunday came around tuition fee of ten dollars. every voice was for resting all day, and so we continued to observe the Sab- Since it will probably be necessary bath all the way through. I afterward to limit registrations for the course, compared notes with other similar the Department of Study for Associa- trains that traveled every day, and tion Leadership will be glad to have found that not only were they weeks at an early date the names of those longer in performing the journey, but likely to attend with a ,statement as to that they had lost many of their cattle preference for a late afternoon or and horses in crossing the last desert, morning session. while the remainder were unsaleable when they arrived at the journey's end TEMPORAL VALUE OF SABBATH because in so poor a condition. Ours, on the other hand, all arrived in good OBSERVANCE condition and readily sold for a good price."-Bulletin, Woman's National Col. W. H. Paine, one of the engi- Sabbath Alliance. neers of the Brooklyn Bridge, gives this account: "Some years since, before a railroad was built or a stage line established across the plains, there was a large emigration to California over land. The necessary sup-

ORW-WIDf

JAPAN. CHOSEN opportunity to be taken? What it will mean to the whole Christian campaign, The P?ess and Religion in Japan especially in the country parts, to have the daily press carrying regular and ONE of the most significant features good Christian articles cannot be over- of the present religious situation estimated. in Japan is the growin~ publidty given by the press to religious news and ideas. The newspaper editor knows Peasant Gospel Schools in Ja.pan public opinion and would not provide such articles if he did not feel that WITHIN the last three years, peashis readers desired them. The Osaka ant Gaspel schools have become a Mainichi, the biggest paper in the definite part of the program of the country, has now a religious column Christian forces in Japan. They occuappearing two or three times a week. pyan important place in the 1931 plans It started this feature some years ago, of the Kingdom of God Movement. dropped it and re-started it in answer These schools are deemed so important to popular demand. The Y omiuri, an- that last April, the Kingdom of God other big daily, has a full-time reli- Movement conducted a conference for gious editor and two or three columns the enlisting and training of leaders of religious matter every day. Other for these schools. Those connected big papers frequently carry religious with such schools shared their ex- periences with others who contemplate articles. entering upon similar lines of rural In the provinces the situation is even evangelism.

more hopeful. One paper is paying The first peasant Gospel school in for material supplied, and is the pio- Japan was opened in Osaka as recently neer of what will be the usual proce- as 1926 by Dr. Kagawa and Rev. M. Sugiyama. It was inspired on the one dure in future, if the religious forces hand by the Danish folk high schools, and on the other by the dire needs of are prepared to take the opportunity rural Japan. It was conducted for thus offered. Christian writers get a one month, and the membership was generous share of space and have no limited to fifteen young farmers, who cause for complaint. came from as many different prefec- tures. The curriculum was divided The Japan Christian News Agency, into three general subjects: the hisa cooperative and interdenominational tory of civilization, rural sociology, body, is issuing two articles a week, and Bible. Its purpose was to train which are syndicated to about forty young men who would return to their papers. It is only limited financial home villages as leaders. This school resources which prevent an almost un- has been continued yearly under the limited expansion. With adequate leadership of Mr. Sugiyama and since backing there is no reason why it then several rural schools have sprung should not be possible to have a Chris- up.-A. R. Stone. tian news agency of equal status with other news agencies in the country, The Kingdom of God Campaign providing good up-to-date material to the secular press. Once such a goal is reached, the agency will be in a posi- tion to support itself and so make a THE emphasis in the movement this permanent contribution to the evan- year is put on the mobilization and gelization of Japan. Is this present training of the laity for active and ef- 698

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

fective service. Laymen's Training ADlerican FilDl8 a Menace Conferences are conducted for different parts of the empire. One has been MANY modern films are a menace held in Tokyo for Eastern and North- to the moral life of Japan and the ern Japan and one at Nara for Central National Christian Council of Japan and Western Japan. A total of 1,500 has been asked to take steps to secure laymen and laywomen attended these a stricter censorship on the part of the two gatherings. A high spiritual note police department in Tokyo. The chief was struck in each session. Japanese censor on his own initiative stated that their greatest problem is In order to project the campaign with the films from America. He said. into the unreached rural area with its that many of these films are highly 30,000,000 farming folk and its 12,000 detrimental to the morals of the Japunoccupied villages, short term peas- anese people and he hoped that the ant Gospel schools will be held in every National Christian Council would take possible rural district. The purpose steps to secure the stoppage of the of these schools is to train picked coming of these undesirable American young men and women from the vil- films. lages for Christian leadership in their own respective areas. The Executive Committee of the Council voted to call the attention of A "Training Institute for Peasant the Federal Council of the Churches of School Leaders" was held in Tokyo, Christ in America to this situation and April 9th and 10th and about 100 Jap- ask them to take every step possible anese Christian workers, laymen and to prevent the continued influx of unmissionaries especially interested in desirable American films into Japan. rural work attended this institute and acquainted themselves with the pur- This action was not inspired pripose, program and technique of this marily by missionary influence. The means of bringing the impact of the committee which called on the police Gospel to bear upon Japan's rural life. censor was composed entirely of Jap- anese. This protest against the type Abolition in Japan of American film coming to Japan is a protest from both Christian and non- EIGHT more prefectures have passed Christian Japanese. bills abolishing licensed prostitution – Fukui, Fukushima, Saitama, Effects of Newspaper EvangelisDl Akita, Niigata, Nagano, Kanagawa and Okinawa. THE newspaper evangelism method, in operation for a number of years, To date abolition has not been put seems to bring incalculable results in into effect, with the exception of Sai- reaching the people. In Tokyo, where tama where the last licensed houses a C. M. S. missionary is cooperating were actually closed on the 27th of with Japanese workers in this plan of December last. Saitama thus becoytles campaign, over 10,000 inquiries about the second prefecture in the empire to Christianity were received during free itself from complicity in this busi- 1930. One of the most important Japness, the other being Gumma where anese newspapers has welcomed arabolition was effected 36 years ago. ticles, and as a result applications for further news have come from all parts For the first time in Japanese legal of the Japanese Empire. Requests behistory a verdict was given in the ing received come mainly from young Osaka District Court declaring it no men of average education. crime to repudiate the debts owing to the keeper of a house of prostitution. Medical EvangelisDl in Chosen If this decision is sustained it will be epoch-making and will spell doom for T HE evangelists in Pyengyang Unthe system by which girls are bought ion Christian Hospital, Korea, under the specious pretence of making preached last year to thousands of in- ~ J9an.-E. C. Hennigar.

dividuals. About 110 showed signs of 60,000; probably one half have heard true repentance and a desire to become the Gospel. Christians. A Lay Evangelist A man who lost his eye in a fight some two years ago, became a Chris- To THE little village of Sol-Chang-i tian during treatment at the hospital (Wonsan District), there came one and went home where he led his wife day a young man who had been a and mother to Christ. He forgave his teacher in Mukden, Manchuria, but enemy instead of going to law for who had been compelled to return to damages, and this made a sensation in Korea in search of health. He was an his town. He is now an active and earnest Christian so he began to hold respected Christian. church services and one by one the families in the village were led to at- Another man, who is now a strong tend them. Today there is only one minister in the Presbyterian Church, family left in the village which is not was suffering with a boil on the neck Christian. His attention was also which gave him considerable pain. He drawn to the children who were growgave vent to his feelings with no un- ing up without an education. He orcertain sound, whereupon the doctor ganized a little school and began to said: teach them. At first he received no remuneration for this work, but later "Would to God you had as much the parents of his pupils offered to pain over y~lUr sins!" give him his food in exchange for his labor on behalf of their children. An That remark led to the transforma- interesting story is told of this man, tion of his life and a fruitful Christian that among other things he taught his ministry. pupils a temperance song and that their custom was to parade through Among Chinese in Korea the village every evening, singing it. As a result of this practice the saloons FOR many years the Federal Council in the village received less and less of Protestant Evangelical Missions patronage, until finally they were all in Korea has aided in evangelistic compelled either to close or to move work among the thousands of Chinese elsewhere. living in this peninsula. The Chinese themselves have given a total of yen ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC 3,639.94 to this work. There are six established centers, all occupying their Ne…. Philippine Field own buildings. These are in Seoul, Chemulpo, Wonsan, Pyengyang, Fusan APART of the Philippine field which and Hokuchin. New work is being the Presbyterian Board has handopened in Chunju, with a Chinese- ed Over to the Baptists consists of the speaking Korean giving half his time, Palawan Islands, declared to be the with still another beginning in Taiku. mQst needy and difficult field of the Philippines.. Dr. Thomas, of the Bap- In three of the stations there are tist Mission staff, after two months' day schools, where 83 boys and girls careful survey, reports at least 100,000 are taught the Bible, and a few have pagans who have never heard the Gosbeen baptized. The pupils all come pel. They have no written language, from heathen homes, and many are are pitifully poor, without any medical bringing their parents with them to care, but eager to receive friends who the services, will guide and help them. Dr. 'Thomas recommends that Filipino preachers A preaching tour extending to the be sent there at once, later an Amer- Manchurian border disclosed 14 pro- ican to supervise. He urges a farm fessing Christians, representing Pres- school rather than bringing the peobyterians, Baptists, Anglicans, Salva- ple from their mountain sections into tion Army, Marshal Feng's army, and one each from Wonsan and Fusan churches. The Chinese are scattered throughout Korea, and number about

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

a town that is expensive and takes Celebes. Chinese are learning the them from their own environment. Malay language, and make excellent missionaries. The work has been greatly strengthened by the coming of a young Scotch- The Gospel for W orrora man, Alexander Sutherland, who has worked under the Baptist Mission of WHO are the Worrora? A tribe of Scotland in the Orkney and Hebrides aborigines inhabiting a corner of Islands. In addition to theological and Northwest Australia, numbering about Bible study, Mr. Sutherland has had 300 persons. All adult Australian training in tropical medicine, den- aboriginals speak several languages, tistry and house building, all of which their own and those of their neighbors will make him very useful in this new on either hand. Counting the neighfield. boring tribesmen who understand Worrora, there are perhaps one thou- Philippine Churches Unite sand aboriginals at present who speak this language. Worrora is a primitive, T HE Presbyterian, Congregational synthetic language, one where whole and United Brethren Churches in groups of thought are built up in long the Philippine Islands have united compound words, the despair of the under the name of the United Evan- translator. Rev. J. R. B. Love has gelical Church. The new church has translated the Gospel of Mark into a general assembly and conferences, this tongue. When it was completed, each with a moderator who acts as a and the story of the Crucifixion read traveling superintendent. There are in church, the eager interest of the elders and deacons in the local church- hearers was. a reward for the months es, with both offices open to women. of assiduous labor.

New Field in Dutch Indies NORTH AMERICA T HE little island of Bali has ac- Student Religion quired fame among scientists, because, with Asia ending at Bali and AQUESTIONNAIRE sent to 1,500 Australasia beginning at Lombok, an- ·students at Syracuse university other island only 15 miles beyond, the by two professors of psychology redifferences between these two islands veals the following facts: Eightare so amazing. Birds and quadrupeds twelfths of the 1,321 students replying found in these two islands, so close to hold unorthodox beliefs concerning the each other, are much more unlike than deity; three-twelfths are inclined to those of Britain and Japan. In this be liberal or agnostic; one-twelfth strangely fascinating island of Bali, tend toward atheism; only 24 students about the ·size of Corsica, there are are thoroughgoing atheists. In these about one miIHon people, mostly of the finding·s, the psychologists say, there Malay race, of whom about 150,000 is no evidence "that the effect of conare followers of a certain form of tinued study in college is to destroy Hinduism, and the remainder profess religious beliefs by supplanting them the faith of Islam. There are, how- with materialistic or mechanistic ever, some hundreds of thousands of views. The effect seems to be merely Chinese. Among these peoples no mis- one of liberalizing the individual sionary work whatsoever has been while he remains upon the side of done until recently, when the Dutch positive belief." It is interesting to Colonial Government consented to mis- note that nearly a fourth of 1,502 stusion work for the Chinese. So great dents rejected the miracles, one-half has been the achievement that the taking no definite stand, and one- Chinese converts now wish to have a fourth giving unqualified acceptance. foreign field of their own. Chinese Fifty-four per cent reply that some workers have accordingly been sent religious belief is necessary in order out to various centers on the island of

to lead a good life, while 28 per cent basic issues, and find something apsay only a code of ethics is needed. proaching unity of conviction, sub- sidiary questions of program and Congregationalists and Christians finance would take care of them-selves. -The Christian Century. Unite Forward Steps at the Christian En- THREE thousand leaders of the Congregational and Christian deavor's Golden Jubilee churches met at Seattle, Wash., June 25th-July 3d for a joint convention to T HE Golden Jubilee International ratify the union of the two denomina- Christian Endeavor Convention tions with a total of 1,050,000 commu- met in San Francisco, California, July nicants. After the ratification of the 11th-16th, with ten thousand young union and adoption of a new constitu- people present, broadly representative tion, officers we re elected to serve as a of the Christian youth and the three grand council for the purposes of man- million Christian Endeavorers of agement, this arrangement to continue North America. The new movements until 1935, when one directing head in Asia bulked large in the convention will be chosen. emphases. Toyohiko Kagawa of Japan was prevented from attending by ill- A Hopeful Methodist Conference ness. C. Y. Cheng, LL.D., moderator of the United Church of Christ in THE ten-day conference which the China, spoke on "The Changing Ori- Methodists have held at Delaware, ent," and said that China has "turned Ohio, is one of the hopeful recent de- the corner" in religion, and that the velopments in American Protestant- Church will again receive large enism. Confronted by the same problems listments. Edmund D. Lucas, D.D., of lessening interest and falling financ- Ph.D., president of Forman Christian es which confront most of the mis- College, Lahore, brought a stirring sion boards, the Methodist Foreign message of Christian progress in In- Missionary Society, instead of calling dia. World peace and interracial in the committee on ways and means, good will were stressed in addresses called in the committee on the state of by Colonel Raymond R'obins, Chicago; Christian thought. Instead of launch- Harry N. Holmes, field secretary of ing a campaign it set aside a period the World Alliance for International for -study. To take nearly three hun- Friendship Through the Churches; dred and fifty ministers, educators, Rev. Walter W. Van Kirk, New York, editors, laymen and women to a se- of the Federal Council of Churches of cluded spot for ten days of intensive Christ in America; Rev. A. E. Cory, discussion of underlying ideas and D.D., of the Disciples of Christ; and principles, without ten minutes being Rev. Wallace J. Anderson, secretary given to budgets, quotas or appeal of the Korean Christian Endeavor slogans, is a decisive break with the Union. promotional tradition which has ruled in the American denominations for A youth disarmament petition was years past. But it is a break long addressed to President Hoover, urging overdue, and of importance to all the him to use the new international law churches, now that it has been made. principle of the Peace Pact of Paris The Methodists brushed aside every- to cause our government "to take thing on the surface of their church leadership with a definite program for life to deal with underlying and ulti- the reduction of armaments." mate issues. They sought a ba-sis of faith rather than an outline of pro- The convention gave its heart to gram. Here, again, the conference the acceptance of Jesus Christ as perhad an importance more than denomi- sonal Saviour, to an enlarged program national, for if the forces of Protes- of evangelism and personal devotions, tantism would spend more time on to tithing and the -stewardship of abil- ity, and to the call upon some for full- time Christian service. The enlist-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ment of more than sixty for Christian Cruz on Sunday, June 20th. The new life work was received. enactment allows one priest to every 100,000 inhabitants, a total of eleven Leaven in Chicago priests to 1,100,000 population. A violation of the law carries a fine of THE largest Protestant church in $500. The Papal delegate to Mexico Chicago is said to be the North made protest to the President, but he Austin Lutheran Congregation, which made no response. In the meantime, a has 3,112 confirmed members and priest was killed from ambush in the 2,000 in its Sunday schools. It began town of Huatusco. At the funeral of eleven years ago with fifty-one mem- the priest a riot occurred in which bers. Rev. F. W. Otterbein, the pas- three officers of the law and two civiltor, explains this remarkable growth: ians were killed and many injured. The Governor of Vera 'Cruz states that There is no doubt that the personal he has received sympathetic letters work of the people out in the world is from governors of other provinces, responsible for the continued large who are considering the enactment of growth in membership. Our people and similar laws. workers are instructed not to ask others to "unite with the church," but to "come St. Luke'. Hospital, Pllerto Rico and worship," or, as Andrew used to put it, "come and see." When they attend '!'HE EpisC'opal Board reports that services tpe Holy Spirit begins to work. St. Luke's Hospital at Ponce, Puer- The yearly canvass provides the names to Rico, which was aU but destroyed in of all unchurched families in the district. the hurricane of 1928, has been re- These are placed on a mailing list and built and was opened on May 12, 1931. they receive church literature. For the The new building is of Spanish archipast five years the majority of the acces- tecture, and has a capacity of seventy sions have been "out of the world." beds. It was built and almost com- pletely equipped at a cost of about Boys' Prayer Meeting $145,000. A chapel is part of a sepa- rate building. St. Luke's is staffed FOR more than forty years a suc- by Puerto Rico doctors. The advisory cessful boys' prayer-meeting has board includes six professional and been held in Westminster Presbyterian business men of Ponce. The nurses' Church, Elizabeth, N. J. It was or- training school provides opportunity ganized in the '80's by Frederick K. for Puerto Rican girls from church Day, upon suggestion of the pastor, schools to enter a profession of great the Rev. John Gillespie, D.D., who de- usefulness to their own people. sired training and participation on the part of a large group of boys just Koreans in Cuba taken into church membership. This prayer-meeting has formed an impor- AGREAT community project at EI tant part in the Christian training of Fuerte, Cuba, has grown from a hundreds of boys, efficiently supple- little Sunday school started in a primenting the preaching of the pastor vate home by a graduate of La Proand the teaching of the Sunday schooL gresiva School at Cardenas. A day Seven members of the class have en- school was started, and a new building tered the ministry and scores have has recently been built. The day school become church officers. It has aligned will be used as a demonstration school growing boys to definite Christian for the normal department of Carstandards and aided greatly in solidi- denas. The church is joining with the fying their Christian characters, be- school in making this a center of comsides affording a training in the lead- munity service. This project was the ership of meeting·s, in the practice of means of discovering a family of public prayer and intensive study of Korean Christians who have been livthe Scriptures. ing in that section of Cuba for years. They have Bibles and hymn books in LATIN AMERICA Church Law in Mexico Causes Trouble 'fHE new law, governing the num- ber of priests which shall officiate in Mexico was put to the test in Vera

their own language, and have kept up be sent back to Chile. I had an uncomthe family altar. The parents speak fortable half hour trying to persuade the very poor ·Spanish, but they are now officials from putting into effect such a bringing their children to school and drastic and uncalled-for action. I asked Sunday school. them if they had ever read or seen the Bible, to which they replied, "No!" I The Indigenous Church offered them a copy and asked them to r.ead it, and see what kind of propaganda I was engaged in. They accepted the MANY problems arise in the forma- Bible and let me go. On my return I met tion of an indigenous church in the same officials. They approached me Peru. With them all is the consistent this time with quite a different attitude, aim to make the evangelical congrega- and remarked that they had been reading tion a constituent element of the com- the Bible with "mucho placer y promunity, and not a group apart. One vecho!'-much pleasure and profit.

-Alliance Weekly.

instance relates to burial in public Schools Close in Colombia cemeteries. Priests assumed the Catholic Church had sole rights; the evan- I N. SPI,!E of the financial depresgelicals refused the easier way of a SIon m Bogota, Colombia, the separate burial ground, thus marking American School for Boys has an enthem as a people apart; after a time rolment of 308 pupils. Rev. Walter S. Protestants were allowed burial in Lee, missionary of the Presbyterian public cemeteries and a precedent was Church at Bogota, writes that many established. schools have had to close because of insufficient funds to continue to oper- The school problem was another. ate, including government public Despite the fact that mission subsi- schools. dized schools would be superior educa- tionally and ethically to many schools EUROPE provided by the government, it was agreed that persecution and disabili- The Y. M. C. A. in Italy ties inflicted by fanatical Romanists upon children of Protestant parents THE general measure taken by the was preferable if, eventually, the chil- Italian police authorities with redren might be recognized as having gard to "all youth associations not ditheir equal right to education in the rectly dependent on the Fascist party" schools of the nation, without suffer- also affected at first some of the Y. M. ing religious coercion. The battle is C. A.'s, whose activities were suspendnot yet won, but it is being fought, ed. As soon, however, as the aims and not for motives of intolerance, but to character of our Movement were expreserve the principle which is at plained to the Ministry of the Interior stake, namely, the right ()f the con- and the local Prefects, this regulation verts to be Protestant Christians, was immediately revoked so far as without detriment to their rights as these Associations were concerned. Nationals. This is an additional proof of the es- teem and respect in which the Y. M. C. A.'s are held in Italy. In all coun- Bibles Called "Red" tries (except Russia) to which the Movement has spread it is considered THE Secretary of the British and as a constructive Christian force work- Foreign Bible Society for Chile ing for the moral and spiritual welfare and Bolivia had the f()Ilowing experi- of youth. ence: When the customs official was going Spezia Minion through my suit case, he threw on the floor English magazines, Bible Society MR. E. J. MADDOCK, deputation reports, and Bibles I had with me, and secretary in Great Britain for maintained that they were "Red" propa- the Spezia Mission for Italy, gives the ganda. I was told to prepare to get off testimony of an Italian pastor, unconat the next station…;..a frontier town-to nected with tbe Mission:

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK '705

"Tell the people of Britain that the ganizing congregations, editing their cause of Christ in Italy cannot do religious monthly, The Christian without the Spezia Mission for Italy. Union, distributing Bibles, Testaments While other people are doing good and tracts, attending to matters that work, there radiates powerfully from come up with the government, etc.

the Spezia Mission a singular sweet- The Union is practically the only ness and a fragrance of the Lord Protestant reading matter the leaders Jesus Christ which permeates the and members of the churches have.

spiritual life of the whole land." Unless funds are soon forthcoming The main work of the Spezia Mis- they will be forced to publish it only sion for Italy, whether it be in the once every two or three months. The meetings and services, the Bible Day movement has grown until there are Schools, the orphanage, or in a little over twenty organized churches, with meeting tucked away in some remote a combined membership of several corner ·of the Gulf or on the moun- thousand.

tains, is to lead boys and girls, and men and women to a saving knowledge Inconveniences in Bulgaria A of Christ. Attacks upon the Mission CRUDELY woven blanket weigh- ing forty pounds for a covering, have stirred many to see for them- selves, and real revival has followed. and a board laid on wooden horses for a bed, are considered minor details in A Visit to Poland Bulgarian villages where soggy black I N 1921, Rev. Jaroszewicz, a Pole bread, beans, and a few other vege- converted and educated in the tables form the diet of people. They United States, returned to his country spin their own clothing by hand and and began telling about Christ. His light their little oil lamps by holding a first convert was a fine, intelligent coal from the fire against the wicks woman who gave her home and its and blowing it into a flame to save sun;ounding land to the Union of matches. But these inconveniences Churches of Christ for an orphanage. mean nothing to the visiting mission- Mr. Jaroszewicz recently came to ary when he is able to preach in a America, seeking to enlist the aid of crowded room to attentive groups and Protestant churches, and following his number at timHS among his new fol- visit in Pittsburgh, Dr. R. N. Mont- lowers of the Way some of those who..

gomery of the Pittsburgh United Pres- prior to their reformation, were the, byterian Seminary, was appointed by village's worst citizens. "Now their- a group in that city to visit Poland, faces shine with faith and hope in and learn the facts of the movement. Christ," writes W. C. Oooper from He was most favorably impressed, and Philipoppolis, Bulgaria. Almost every'

found the leaders to be men of sterling family in one village has a Bible and character, zealous, but not fanatical, religion is the general topic of conver- making every sacrifice that the work sation in the coffee shops and reading might progress. The records and room. "It is a joy to work among routine were in sound condition. Pas- thHse people," Mr. Cooper adds, "one tors must earn their living, preaching forgets inconveniences when one sees on the side as they find time. people hungry for the message of The work now has its headquarters Christ."-Missionary Herald.

in Kobryn; eventually a building is to be erected in Brest-Litowsk, which World Conditions Reviewed I gives opportunity of reaching every N REVIEWING in detail the work of its missions in many lands the part of the country by the six railroads and six automobile roads which Presbyterian Board has this to say come into this city. In Kobryn, Dr. concerning the future: Montgomery found the leaders preach- The situation in Russia and the effect ing, visiting the different churches, or- of the ruthless anti-religious program of 5

the Soviet government again form the schools, medical schooJ.s, and colleges, outstanding feature of world news in the publishing and selling millions of field of religion. "Will Christianity defi- books and leaflets, establishing libranitely recede before atheism in the ries both permanent and itinerant, largest country on the European conti- putting on educational films in the nent? Will one-sixth of the civilized in- movies, and broadcasting instructional habitants of the globe go permanently talks from the giant radio statiun at pagan? Will the anti-religious impetus, Moscow. Last year ten million adults going East as well as West, engulf the were taught to read and write, most of first fruits of the harvest of Christianity them by volunteer leaders, urged on in China, Korea and Japan?" These are by Communist enthusiasts. Sixty per some of the questions which religious cent of the recruits for the Red Army leaders abroad are beginning to ask entered the barracks illiterate. Two themselves. or three years later they were ninety- five per cent literate. They are organ- The European churches are thoroughly izing study groups or "Red Corners" roused to the danger of the propaganda in every industrial establishment and that is sweeping over the Continent from classes and lectures in the "Workers Rusia, carried by radio, poster, pam- Clubs" and "Peasant Homes."-The phlet and motion picture to the most Churchman. remote village, and finding a ready hearing among the millions of unemployed AFRICA (Germany alone has 4,500,000 out of work now), many of whom have been Conference for African Children idle for a year or more, and are embittered against society and Church, as well THE International Conference for as against the state for their inability to African Children was held in Gecope with the world-wide depression. neva from June 22-25, 1931, with three hundred attending-including doctors, Russian Intolerance philanthropists, missi'Onaries, and rep- resentatives of various governments. ALL books and magazines are rigid- The International "Save the Children" ly censored, and the only news- Union organized this conference under papers are government controlled. missionary impetus. Three main ques- tions were dealt with: infantile mor- Most of the churches carryon services tality in Africa; education as it but the Soviet rulers seek to bring prepares children for life; and the about the eventual dissolution of the general conditions of child and youth church by turning the minds of the labor and the protection of child labor children away from God and the in Africa. church, and putting various handicaps upon the prosecution of active church Child labor in Africa presents an life. They have disestablished and acute problem in industrialized disdisendowed the church. They have tricts. The problem of infantile morclosed the seminaries. Religiuus in- tality is more serious and all reports struction of groups of three or more contain appalling figures; the percentchildren under eighteen years of age age is rarely less than twenty, while is prohibited. The priests cannot vote the most frequently recorded average and they receive no ration book to buy is between sixty and seventy. Such a food and clothing at the government situation can be met only by the joint stores. effort of all the colonial, native, educa- tional, and missi'Onary forces. Among No weekly activities, such as clubs innumerable causes-syphilis, tubercu- losis, children's epidemics, economical and classes, are permitted-nothing exploitation, native superstitions and customs were those most frequently but the carrying on of services of wor- discussed. This shows the necessity of ship.

The Communist government, des- potic though it be, is determined that everybody shall be educated (in every- thing except religion). They are build- ing schools, raising the salaries of teachers, giving free board and tuition to about half the students at technical

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

w'Ork in the field 'Of schaal and health th'Ority, either 'Of the missi'Onaries 'Or educati'On. even 'Of the G'Ospel."

The c'Onference decided t'O establish An A:frican Communion Service a center, under the directi'On 'Of the Internati'Onal "Save the Children" Un- OUR last c'Ommunion service (Sunian, in 'Order t'O carry 'On the inquiries day, May 24th) was the largest in and t'O c'Ollect d'Ocumentati'On 'On the the history 'Of the F()ulassi stati'On, ab'Ove and related questi'Ons. The In- West Africa. The Sunday before I ternati'Onal "Save the Children" Uni'On preached 'On Christ sending out the will be glad t'O send the res'Oluti'Ons seventy and I t'Old the pe'Ople that I v'Oted by this c'Onference t'O any'One ap- wanted seventy v'Olunteers t'O give a plying far them. wh'Ole week to pers'Onal w'Ork in the villages and t'O calling the unc'Onverted Revolt Against Authority in Africa f'Olk t'O come t'O the service. Over 'One hundred volunteered. I think that I N HIS rep'Ort 'On the missi'On fields they must have seen every man, w'Om- presented t'O the Paris S'Ociety 'Of an and child within a radius of 15 Evangelical Missi'Ons, M. E. Allegret miles of Foulassi. When such a gr.oup stated that the rev'Olt against auth'Or- .of c.onsecrated men and women went ity is 'One 'Of the seri'Ous problems 'Of f'Orth s.omething had t'O happen. I orthe day in Africa, as in other parts 'Of ganized 'Other groups, who were n'Ot the w'Orld. In 'Order t'O c'Ounteract it able to g'O, to hold little prayer-meetan attempt is being made t'O revive the ings each day t'O ask God's blessing on ancient religi'Ons 'Of the East. "Far the work that the 109 were d'Oing. the same reason," he said, "we are witnessing in Africa a revival 'Of the Last Sunday morning so many came 'Old paganism and same 'Of the really to church that there was no place to civilized people 'On the c'Oasts are re- put them and we had five 'Overflow turning t'O id'Olatr'Ous practices, t'O meetings. My wife had a meeting f'Or which they attempt t'O give s'Ome spir- 600 children in the girls' sch'Ool, Mrs. ituality by c'Ombining them with frag- Krug had a meeting at the dispenments 'Of Christianity. The rev'Olt sary, Mr. Krug held a large meeting against auth'Ority, the wave 'Of ma- at the boys' schaal f'Or the people wh'O terialism which is sweeping yaung and lived near Foulassi, for the people 'Old, men and w'Omen, 'On t'O the c'On- wanted to give the guests the good quest 'Of wealth and pleasure, the in- seats in the church. Our Foulassi crease 'Of alc'Oh'Olism and imm'Orality, evangelist held another meeting far the B'Olshevist pr'Opaganda for which F'Oulassi pe'Ople in the n'Ormal school the s'Oil is only to'O well prepared, the building and I held the service in the general unrest and unc'Onsci'Ous sad- church. There were 3,254 pe'Ople presness arising from the feeling that life ent, alm'Ost 1,000 mare than our larghas n'Ow no firm faun dation, the irra- est c'Ongregati'On in the past. When I ti'Onal and gr'Owing distrust 'Of the had finished preaching on the text white man, wh'O has last his 'Old pres- "Return unt'O me and I will return tige; all these fact'Ors …… are mak- unto Y'Ou," I called far all who wanted ing the missionaries' task far mare t'O return unt'O God to come f'Orward. difficult. The Christians themselves, One hundred and fifty pe'Ople came and especially those of the sec'Ond and third accepted Christ as their Savi'Our-41 generati'Ons, wh'O have not had to men, 51 w'Omen and 58 children. It struggle like their fathers to win and was a great day. Never bef'Ore have maintain their faith, s'Ometimes waver. I seen the Spirit 'Of G'Od w'Ork with Our missi'Onaries write that 'Our such power. Tw'O 'Of our new c'Onfeschurches are reaching the difficult age s'Ors are young men wh'O hold high where pe'Ople want to live their 'Own p'Ositi'Ons with the French administralives and d'O not easily accept any au- ti'On. The five strangest chiefs in this

section were present. That was un- but one said, uNo, Romans 8; for in usual as they neve}! come near the that chapter is recorded what God has church. None of them confessed but done for us in Christ, and we are aswe are praying that they will come sured that those monsters which have into His fold some day. slain their thousands cannot separate us from the love of God which is in The chief and government head-man Christ Jesus." who confessed at Nkumajap some time ago is an enthusiastic convert. He has Medical Work in Morocco released his women and is now showing others the Way.-Rev. Irvin W. SPECTACULAR success or impres- Underhill, Presbyterian Mission, West sive statistic,s rarely accrue to Africa. those who preach Christ in the North African territories once known as the Religions Training in Egypt Barbary States. Nevertheless, Dr. James Liley, son of the late A. V. THE general theme for a s:ries of Liley of the North Africa Mission, fourteen religious leadership con- feels that the soil is assuredly being ferences in Egypt this year was "Re- prepared for a plentiful harvest. Fez, ligious Education from a Theoretical ancient capital of Morocco, has a popand Practical Standpoint." Daily va- ulation of 120,000, more than twice cation Bible schools were also consid- that of Ta~gier, and possesses an anered. This movement is only two years cient Moslem university, where fully old in Egypt, but 59 schools were con- 1,000 young men are being educated ducted, a gain of 80% over the former in the tenets of Islam. In this strateyear. At least 2,360 students partici- gic center Dr. Liley, his wife and three pated, of whom 500 were Moslems. lady workers, find abundant scope for Every Sunday in Cairo more than 1,- medical missionary activities. That 500 boys and girls assemble in street the ministry of healing is breaking Sunday schools held in 26 localities. down prejudice, and opening doors for In Assiut, there are 1,800 in such Gospel testimony, is evident in many street Sunday schools and the total at- directions. Patients are now more tendance, including other cities, is ready to join in hymns at the services over 4,000. Bible lesson picture cards and to give heed to the Word. Dr. are a feature in each school. Many of Liley is often asked by the men to the children join the day schools. Of- attend the womenfolk in their houseten a street Sunday school is turned holds-a remarkable change of attiinto a day school and here the children tude as compared with former days receive a Christian education. Sheikh and French authorities allow full lib- Metry Dewairy is the field worker. erty for Scripture distribution and other forms of evangelistic work, ex- An Afriean'. Choice cept in certain military zones.

ANUMBER of evangelists were For "Starving America" gathered together studying the Scriptures. The missionary conduct- ,t N AFRICAN church has sent moning the class said: "SUpposing a robber came and threatened to take away ft ey to "starving America" ! Three all your goods, but gave you the option of choosing one article to keep. What dollars and seventy-seven cents has would you ask to have left?" All with- come to the Presbyterian Foreign out hestitation held up the New Tes- Board, from Batanga, Africa. It tament, saying, "This Book." The comes from a few native Chdstians missionary said, "But if the robber and is forwarded by Rev. Albert I: would not permit you to keep the whole Good, D.D., Presbyterian missionary of it, which portion would you pre- with the following letter: fer?" Most of them replied, "John 3": 4 m~nth or so ago there was a little art!cle In the Bulu n~ws s.heet, the Me/oe, tellIng of the hard tImes In America, and

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK'

indicating that there were actually peo- sionaries in China: 'The American ple in America who did not have enough priests are busy poisoning a nation to eat. This particular item caugh~ the which is in the process of regeneraattention of Pastor Eduma Musambl and tion. If America is sincere in her inhis son Musambi, who is an elder in the tention to help China, she must first church at Batanga, and they decided to recall her missionaries.' The same give something for the starving people in educationist also came to Turkey some America. They quietly told the church years ago …… and studied our edupeople about it, and entirely of their own cational system. When he returned to volition, a sum of money was gather.ed, America he passed the following judgwhich I enclose to you. I had nothIng ment on the activities of the missionwhatever to do with this matter except ariES in Turkey: 'The missionary to receive the money and transmit it. schools in Turkey are suspected of re- ligious propaganda; for this re:1scn A contribution of 16 cents was from they have lost their authority in all a widow who sold food to give it. the East and forgotten their educa- tional duty.' In no civilized country This is bread cast upon the water, are there religious schools. No civilreturning after many days. ized nation is willing to give its chil- dren to priests for education. But WESTERN ASIA imperialistic powers use these schools as tools for propaganda and conquest Turkey Getting in Step …… The most important duty of the new Turkey which is anxious for her 1'HE Turkish Government's interest independence is to stop the missionary in character training i,g seen in the activities which are the organs of imcourses introduced in the regular perialism. A secular government school curriculum on "Religion for the which has separated religion from Children of the RepUblic." These state cannot permit missionary and courses provide direct teaching religious schools. In Turkey no chance against cherished beliefs and customs, for existence must be given to misas, for example, magical or faith cure, sionaries." This is an evidence of the fortune telling, visiting graves to effect of godless education in America. make a wish, magic, lighting candles for the dead, the use of Arabic (which In Changing Peraia is not understood by the masses) in church services, and believing foolish GIRLS in the tenth-year sociology traditions. These "Religious Lessons" class at Iran Bethel School, conare really lessons in conduct, and are ducted by Presbyterian missionaries against things usually associated with in Teheran, have had a good many inreligion in that country. They advo- teresting experiences this year. They cate the use {If modern machinery, visited twelve government institutions, European science, cleanliness,' sanita- such as the government printing office, tion, scientific medicine, exercise; the the city insane asylum, an orphanage, acceptance of modern clothes, manner and finally, to crown the experiences, of eating, and civilization; the use of the head of the government airplane the vernacular and the separation of service invited the class to take a hop church and state. in his plane. These Persian girls a few years ago would hardly have been Turkey Anti-Missionary allowed outside the four walls of their homes. THE reactions against Christianity are still strong in Turkey. An INDIA, BURMA, SIAM article published under the title, "We Must Stop the Activities of the Mis- The Present Situa.tion in India. sionaries," in Son Posta, contains the following: "John Dewey, the educa- MR. RALLIA RAM, the late Mr. K. tional expert of America, studied for s'ome time the educational organiza- l T. Paul's successor on the Nation of China. When he returned to tional Committee of Y. M. C. A.'s of America …… he passed the following judgment on the activities of the mis-

India, Burma, and Ceylon, on his way large mission boards find their fito the Y. M. C. A. World Conferences nances reduced to such an extent that in the United States, made the follow- retrenchment on a large scale has been ing comments on the situation in In- forced upon them. dia: Making the Most of Life One of the most important tendencies in India is its rapprochement with SOME years ago Dr. Sam Higginother great nations of the East, more bottom received the following especially in matters of intellectual letter from Prof. N. A. Nitale: and cultural value. In February, there met at Lahore the first Pan-Asiatic "I am an assistant professor of bi- Congress vf Women, and an Asiatic ology in Wilson College, Bombay. The Teachers' Congress has just met for doctor has just told me that I am a the first time in India. This shows leper and must give up my work here that Orientals are becoming less in- at once. Will you receive me into terested in the West and more inter- your institution and let me do some ested in Asia itself. work for my suffering fellow men while I have yet strength 1"

The Nationalist wave passing over He was admitted and immediately India is not the first ()f its kind. set up a laboratory where he has Every ten years, it has been noticed, worked out several valuable tests. He there is a great renaissance of the has discovered that most lepers have spirit of liberty. What is new is that hcokworm, malaria or some form of for the first time this movement has intestinal trouble, all 'Of which must no religious coloring. The great ma- be eliminated before there is any hope jority vf Nationalist youth is hostile for cure. Not content with this great to religion. This is no reason why service he has organized a training Christians should not take an active school composed of young men and interest in the Nationalist movement. women who have been cured of A Christian Nationalist Party has leprosy. These young people are be- recently been formed. Its principles ing trained in laboratory work so that are as follows: "Indian Chri8tians they can go out and help in other in- must give their help to the national stitutions where they are sorely movement; they must take their full needed. In order that the training, share in the sufferings of the people; which requires about three years, may they must participate in the political be as thorough as possible, Professor life of their country; they must re- Nitale requires the study of English, nounce demands for special and legal mathematics, physiology, sanitation privileges for their community." and the elements of chemistry and bi- India's Latest Census ology, all of which he himself teaches.

FIRST information is now available At Miss Sorabji'. Grave regarding this year's census of India. The total population of this great "BESIDE her grave many lost all land is now 351,000,000, an increase fear of death as divider and of 32,000,000, or ten per cent in ten years. Judging by the preceding cen- conqueror," writes Miss Susie Sorabsus, the Christian population, includ- ji's sister from Poona. "Canon Butching Protestants and Catholics, proba- er of Bombay conducted the services which were attended mostly by non- christians. A wonderful thing hap- bly will show a thirty per cent in- pened. Naja, a lovely Parsee girl came crease, bringing its present total to forward and asked Canon Butcher to over six millions. Rejoicing is tem- announce that she wanted to be bappered by the fact that there are 30,- tized. It was a marvelous piece of 000,000 more to be evangelized now courage for her own Zoroastrian comthan there were ten years ago. Add to munity was there in greater numbers this the fact that nearly all of the than 'One wculd find them anywhere

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

else. The persecution has begun al- Siamese, form a Christian Literature ready. Her relatives and the high Committee, whose attention is devoted priest threaten her and alternately largely to translation. A prominent bribe her. The worst to face must be Siamese lady has revealed herself as that which I heard a relative shouting a poet of sufficient ability to compose at her: 'If you are baptized you will correct Siamese verse, and has pre- do a great wrong to one whom you pared some suitable adaptations of the profess to love. You say you love Miss Psalms for use in praise service.

Susie! You know how she loved her work, and St. Helena School. If you CHINA become a Christian, we'll wreck St. Mass Education Experiment Helena. We'll empty it. If you stay a Zoroastrian we will pack it so that REPORTS -of the ten year rural exit will have to be enlarged still more, periment, inaugurated by Y. C. a wonderful memorial to Miss Susie Jame-s Yen as a mass education movewhom we all love.' Again they urge ment show that the first year's enrol- 'at least be a Christian in secret, not ment in elementary schools is 14,210, openly, not baptized.' She needs our exceeding the quota set by the moveprayers."-A letter by Miss Cornelia ment by more than 4,000. Next year Sorabji. the goal is "no less than 30,000 young men and women." Economic education Si8.D1 Sends Musionar), has been progressing steadily and health education has begun. T HE Siamese are sending out their first missionary. Kru Seng Saa, An agricultural fair, similar to the his wife and children are going north- well-known county fair in the United east into Korat. Many of the people States, was held with a definite social there are primitive, frontier animists. and educational purpose. The morn- Very few are Buddhists. Kru Seng ings were devoted to demonstrations Saa is a Christian college graduate. and lectures, the afternoons to dra- He taught a short time in Pitsanu- matics. In cooperation with the Deloke, then took up city evangelistic partment of Agriculture, three farmwork in which he was engaged when ers' institutes were held at three this call came. He is a devoted worker centrally located villages, with sessions and a man of ente"prise. Since he of about two weeks. The total enrolbegan his work before there was a ment of the three institutes was over theological seminary, he received his 600. More than 500 stuck to their training by doing, with some study training until the end, and 451 reunder the missionary with whom he ceived certificates qualifying them to worked. His wife was for eight years be demonstration farmers. A travela nurse in the Chulalongkorn Hospital. ing clinic goes into selected villages They will be supported entirely by which have elementary schools and Siam churches. which are convenient centers for at least five or six villages. Vaccination and physical examinations are given.

Christia.n Council in Sia.nt Two health institutes have been held, AN INTERESTING development in with encouraging rEsults. Siam is the formation of a National Christian Council. American Equal Rights for Women A Presbyterian missionaries outnumber NEW law which gives to women rights equal to those enjoyed by tholle of other denominations, but Rev. C. R. Simmons of the Church of Eng- men has just been promUlgated in land Mission is chairman of the Coun- China, and works an amazing revolu- cil; and Rev. Clarence Norwood, head tion in Chinese family relations. The of St. Peter's School for Boys in Chinese woman is given absolute Bangkok, with one American and one equality before the law, not only in

marriage. but in all other' matters. The President of China is planning an Daughters are entitled to inherit their anti-lawless campaign in the provinces parents' estates equally with sons. of Hupeh and Kiangsi, has reorganized Under old law, Chinese women could the Central Military Academy, and not eVEn own property after they were himself ·spends four hours daily lecmarried. The new law of family re- turing and acquainting the students lations, now effective, makes no men- with the "brutal crimes" of Commution of the concubinage system, which nism and warning against its influhas been prevalent in China for cen- ence. These students, when trained, turies, and is still common in some will be sent to Communist areas to parts of the country. While the sys- spread "the gospel of Three People's tem is not specifically outlawed under Principles" in order to counteract the the new code, it is made unpopular; Red menace. for no provision is made for children of concubinEs to inherit. Christianity Gains in Quality Dr. Wang Chung-Hui, Chinese THE China Inland Mission baptized judge at the Court of International six hundred more converts last Justice at the Hague, worked out this year than the previous year. Chinese law in the new civil code, upon which leaders are measuring the serious rehe has spent more than a year. Legal sponsibilities of a:utonomy as a result Experts declare it a masterpiece, in- of the enforced absence of missioncorporating . the best principles of aries. Indigenous leadership in counmodern law and the best of ancient try mission hospitals is a striking Chinese customs, with little harm to success, and of one hundred and tweneither. ty graduates of Peking Medical Col- lege one half are in missionary service. Dr. Koo on China'. Chief Need Chiang Kai-shih, China's president, has built a church in his native town, DR. T. Z. KOO, of the National since' his baptism, and encourages Committee of the Y. M. C. A. in Christianity in every way. China, says that the chief need of China today, in order that its people Frightful persecution is another may again become creative, is not sci- side of the picture. Not long ago the entific or material development, but Reds took a town in the vicinity of contact with God. "When a people Hupeh. The Christians fled to the loses its contact with the vital person- church, hoping it might prove a refality of God, a God greater than any- uge. Before long, however, the Reds thing the human mind can conceive," entered and asked for the pastor. The Doctor Koo declares, "that people soon Chinese pastor at once stepped forbegins to lose its vision; and when a ward and said, "If you seek the pastor, people loses its vision its creative ca- I am he." They took him prisoner and pacitysteadily dies out." He says that he went to his death a few days later there was a time when the Chinese as triumphantly as any martyr in the were discoverers and pioneers in art, early church. In spite of unfavorable literature, philosophy, government and government regulations, the fury of science, but for the past thousand the Reds, threatening bandits, factionyears they have lived merely on their al wars, famine fever, and student past. propaganda, the church goes forward. A few years ago, Dr. Grenfell when Training Youth to Fight CommuniSl11 visiting China said: "You are to be congratulated. It is much more hope- BECAUSE of the activities of the ful where the church is persecuted Reds and bandits, the mission- than where, as in America, it is simaries of the American Methodist ply neglected." Board have been compelled to evacuate the northern part of Fukien Pr·ovince.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

MISCELLANEOUS waste of resources-with duplication and overlapping and such a misdirection of A Friend of Missionaries forces that valuable life and work have not counted to the. fun extent of their THE General Assembly of the Pres- possibilities, and huge areas are still byterian Church sent a message to untouched. Captain Robert Dollar; the famous shipping man, and a ruling elder, who 7. The Movement stands for New Tesis now eighty-seven and ill. He has tament principles of expansion, for widebeen remarkable in his businESS spread evangelism in order that groups achievements, and even more in his of believers may be gathered into churchreligious life. He was reported the es which, from the first, must be selfother day as still rising in the morn- governing, self-supporting, and selfing and conducting worship as he has propagating. done for over half a century, then returning to bed. He said recently: 8. The Movement stands for the truth that these Churches are under the care of the Holy Ghost and that they should be taught to depend upon Him for all their needs, spiritual and material.

"When I come to die, I hope I will have ClergYDlen Polled on War Question a hard day at the office, come home, read my Bible, then go to sleep and T HE sentiment of 53,000 clergymen wake up in the next world." May it on matters pertaining to war was sought by the World Tomorrow in a. be so i There are few of his kind left. questionnaire. Out of the 19,327 who responded, 12,076 believed that Amer- Here is another of his characteristic ica should go on record as refusing to sanction or support any future war. utterances, w:hich has worldly value: "Don't wait for your ships to come in. The questions and summarized an- swers follow: Just keep sending them out. They'll keep coming in all right as long as you Do you favor military training in send them out."

The World Dominion Movement our public high schools and civilian colleges or universities? Yes, 2,574.

HERE are eight of the twenty-one No, 16,018. principles set forth in a circular of Do you favor ,substantial reductions the WorId Dominion Movement. The in armaments even if the United head of the organization is Thomas States is compelled to take the initia- Cochrane, of England. tive and make a proportionately great- 1. The Movement stands for the evan- er reduction than other naUons are gelization of the world in this generation. willing to do7 Yes,15,449. No, 2,702.

2; The Movement stands for the final Do you believe that the policy of authority of t4e Scriptures and the Deity armed intervention in other lands by and atoning death of the Lord Jesus our government to protect the lives Christ, the world's only Saviour. and property of American citizens 3. The Movement stands for the obli- should be abandoned and protective gation which rests upon every Christian efforts con5ned to pacific means? Yes, to be a soul-winner and for impressing 12,017. No, 3,899. upon every soul won to Christ this paramount duty of winning others. Are you personally prepared to state 4. The Movement stands for the truth that it is your present purpose not to that its great objective can only be at- sanction any future war or participate tained if those associated with it are men as an armed combatant? Yes, 10,427. and women of power through prayer and No, 5,801. the indwelling of the Holy Ghost. Could you conscientiously serve as 5. The Movement stands for the com- an army chaplain on active duty in plete coordination of all that is being wartime? Yes, 8,700. No, 6,628. done at home and abroad to make Christ and His salvation known to every man, Do you rega.rd the 'distinction bewoman and child of this generation. tween "defensive" and "aggressive" war as sufficiently valid to justify 6. The Movement surveys the world, your sanctioning or participating in a country by country, so that it may find future war of defense? Yes, 8,316. out and direct attention to the regions No, 7,130.-The Churchman. of greatest need. It has thus created an Intelligence Department for lack of which there has in the past been a great

books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us

receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Hinterlands of the Church. A study dents of America's religious problems. Noble character is the basis of usefulof areas with a low proposition of ness; knowledge of God and a right church members. Index by Elizabeth relation to Him is the basis of char- IRn.stHitouotekeorf 8vo. 314 pp. $1.75 net. acter; religious teaching and expres- Social and Religious Sur· sion are essentials to the knowledge of vey, New York. 1931. God. If America is to be strong and if Americans are to be Christians then There are religiously handicapped every man, woman and child should people and handicapped districts. Few have an opportunity to learn of God realize that only about one half of the and to worship Him. If this is to be population of the United States belong done the "Hinterlands" must be occuto any religious organization, Protes- pied for Christ. Miss Hooker shows tant or Catholic, Jewish, Hindu or the present need and suggests ways Confucian, Theosophist, C h r i s t ian for meeting that need. Science or Mormon. Many thousands live in communities where they have ThCeonRnUerlall. B1il7li1on.pagBeys. ChCalroleths, M$. 1.M00e;- no regular church privileges. Paper, 60 cents. Friendship Press, New York. 1931. Three years ago the Institute of Social and Religious Research began to A comprehensive and illuminating presentation of the economic and reliinvestigate six kinds of territory in gious background of more than onethe United States where rural churches half of the world's population who live in towns, villages, and open country. are absent, closed or ineffective. In The necessity for the application of some counties less than 200/0 of the the Gospel message in terms of compopulation are church members; in munity service, economic advanceothers the percentage is over fifty. ment, more adequate educational and medical advantages under leadership Miss Hooker, who has a useful ar- which is trained specifically for this ticle in this issue of the REVIEW, and broader program of evangelism among who writes this report of the survey, rural folk is convincingly presented. has done a careful piece of work, ac- The author has drawn upon his own rich experience in the field of rural companying her interpretation with evangelism and upon the experience of twelve tables and twenty-eight charts missionaries in home and foreign lands and maps. Her studies include the six whose labors bear witness to the poskinds of territory investigated, with sibilities of Christianizing rural soseparate chapters on the old hilly ciety through patient, persistent, selfareas, level areas, grazing regions, denying devotion and faith such as mountain sections, cut-over districts were nobly exemplified in the life of and dry-farming regions. She then John Frederick Oberlin and of others reviews the church situation in these of the present generation. Numerous territories and describes the attempted illustrations of the transformations remedies; six appendices relate to wrought by their efforts are offered tests for measuring church effectiveness, s tat i s tic a I findings, rural churches of Vermont, and the "Indices of Changing Social Pattern."

Here is a valuable study-especially for pastors in the regions mentioned, for Home Mis-sion officials and for stu- 714

BOOKS WORTH READING

in proof 'Of the enduring value ·of their It is to be regretted that this survey does not appear in the printed volume, work. nor does the report contain a list of delegates present. The importance of In a forceful advocacy of the right the conference is evident at a time when within the Christian church itof the rural billion of the world to self there are those who question the right and the wisdom of any effort on enjoy the privileges and 'Opportunities the part of Christians to include Jews in a missionary program. accorded to those wh'O dwell in the The report consists of two parts: cities, the auth'Or has carefully avoided the first containing the address; tbe second the findings of the conference. the implicathm 'Of many treatises on The former include an opening ad- dress by Dr. John R. Mott, and a the subject of rural sociology, that strong statement on the "Validity of the Christian Approach to the Jews" rural folk are different and that rural by Rev. James M. Black of Edinburgh. Two of the longest addresses are by life is "a thing apart" from the rest experienced workers among Jews- Dr. John Stuart Conning of New York, of the world. He reminds us again and Rev. C. H. Gill of England. They deal with major problems and issues that the m'Odern world is a neighbor- and the present-day emphasis in the work of Evangelism. Two chapters hood "within speaking distance across are by the newly appointed General Secretary of the International Comthe fence" in which the good of one mittee on the Christian Approach to the Jews, Dr. Conrad Hoffman. He is the concern of all, and that "no deals with the "Methods of Christian Approach" and the "Possibilities of accident of birth, no given occupation, Closer Cooperation." Other speakers included Basil Mathews, Dr. Julius no circumstance of race or nation Richter, and Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer. Dr. Dougla·s Mackenzie of Hartford should bar any individual fr'Om enj'Oy- answered the question "What Is It in Our Christian Faith that We Desire ing the common wealth of the world to Share with Our Jewish Brethren?"

and sharing its opportunities for Within the Four Seas–A Shantung Idyl. By Paul Richard Abbott. 12mo. The abundant life." We must bec'Ome bet- Commercial Press, Limited, Shanghai, China. 1930. ter acquainted with our rural neigh- This is another novel by a China bors, with their problems and their missionary, who, though not born in that land, has evidently kept his eyes possibilities, not in a patr'Onizing spirit wide open during his score of years of service there. It is full of Chinese but for the sake of the contribution atmosphere and introduces the reader to many curious manners and customs which they may make in partner·ship of the 85% of China's population who live in her villages and seldom go with all who l'Ove Christ and follow beyond the market towns.

His teachings, t'O the building of His The author has perhaps overdrawn the transformation of his hero thr'Ough Kingdom. It provides valuable and in- teresting collateral material for lead- ers and members of study class groups, besides furnishing helpful information t'O many who are eager to know the facts concerning the missionary need and program. J. M. S.

Christians and Jews. A Report of the Conference on the Christian Approach to the Jews, Atlantic City, New Jer- sey-May 12-15, 1931, by the Interna- tional Committee on the Christian Ap- proach to the Jews, International Missionary Council. Rumford Press, Concord, New Hampshire. 155 pp.

The Atlantic City C'Onference on the Christian Approach to the Jews dealt primarily with America and was the counterpart of the Budapest-Warsaw Conferences held in 1927 which con- sidered the Jewish question in Eur'Ope.

In preparation for the conference an extensive survey of the Jews in America and Christian work among them was made by Charles H. Fahs, of the Missionary Research Library.

participation in the great war as a reveal the same great need that exists coolie in France, and his development in America today. Every pastor, and into the courtly "Sir Galahad" of a others interested in Christian work, charming little French girl, who as will read this life story with deep in- his happy wife works wonders in his terest and profit.

crude ancestral home; but he has written a very interesting story teem- Twice Born Chinese. By Charles E. Scott. ing with adventure, altogether whole- 12mo. 159 pp. $1.50. Revell. 1931.

some, and definitely missionary. Those Chinese who have been transformed who would become familiar with the by surrender to Christ are the best Chinese background for the study of evidences that the Christian Gospel is China's life, her culture and her need, adapted to the needs of China and the will find it in this story in more at- world. Dr. Scott, a missionary of the tractive and more readily assimilable Presbyterian Church for over twenty form than in the ordinary study book. years and the author of "China From C. H. F. Within," tells here some stories of men and women who were so trans- If I Be Lifted Up. By Samuel Shoemaker, formed by the power of Christ. A Jr. 12mo. Revell and Company, New medicine faker became a personal York. worker for Christ, and ten other Chi- nese struggled through trials to tri- This is a timely, clear, helpful, scrip- umphs. These are stirring pages from tural, spiritual interpretation of the the history of Christianity in China application of the dynamic without -graphically told in terms of indiwhich Christianity has no saving pow- vidual experiences. er and no distinct message. This book meets a real need in modern life, for its appeal is vital and its method effec- The Religion of Jesus. By Toyohiko Ka- gawa. 8mo. 127 pp. $1.25. John C. tive. J. Men. Winston Co., Philadelphia. 1931.

Uncle John Vassar. By Thomas E. Vas- Our readers are already familiar sar, Revised by H. N. Miller and E. with the remarkable character, history N. Hardy. 12mo. 190 pp. $1. Amer- and work of this famous Christian ican Tract Society, New York. 1931.

A life like that of John Vassar is leader in Japan. Dr. Robert E. Speer an inspiration to higher living and supplies an excellent biographical more devoted service. He was a man sketch of Mr. Kagawa, the apostle to of strong personality, unusual power the poor, who in spite of many great and high purpose. Born in 1813 in physical handicaps, has become a noted Poughkeepsie, New York, of the same author, lecturer, evangelist and social family that founded Vassar College, worker. At present Dr. Kagawa is in he enjoyed few educational advantages America, lecturing in a number of uniand worked in his uncle's brewery for versities and colleges.

some years. In his early life John was The major part of the book is a very profane, though his parents were translation (by Miss Helen Topping), godly people, but he. was converted of Dr. Kagawa's interpretation of the during revival meetings when he was "Religion of Jesus." He bases his 29 YEars of age. Later he left the knowledge on the New Testament and, brewery business as inconsistent with while at times he seems to differenti- his Christian profession and he became ate too much between God and Jesus, a colporteur of the American Tract he accepts Jesus as the divine revealer Society with a salary of one hundred of God and the Redeemer and Saviour and sixty dollars a year and traveling of Man. He accepts the religion of expenses. John Vassar was a remark- Jesus as a religion of love, of right- able personal worker with a passion eousness, of sacrifice, of service. Dr.

for souls. His experiences in city and Kagawa closes with the words: "In country, in the army and on the road, modern life on this earth, love is all

BOOKS WORTH READING

dried up like a dry desert. But we World Revolution and Religion. By Paul want to restore once more a world of Hutchinson. 200 pp. $2. Abingdon light, freedom and love, satinaled with Press, New York. 1931. the power of the grace and love of J esus, which is like the soft rain of This book reminds us of the definispring." tion given of a pessimist-the man who blows out his candle to see how "The Way of Jesus Is the Way of dark it is. No one can dispute the God, of the Cross, and of the Holy seri,ous and disturbing conditions that Spirit." face humanity today-the disturbing factors of political, social, racial, and India: Land of the Black Pagoda. By religious changes in every land. These Lowell Thomas. 350 pp. $4.00. Cen- are ably sketched and emphasized as indicative of the dissolution of the old tury, New York.

Lowell Thomas,· an experienced order. But according to the author traveller, an expert narrator, and the it is because of these upheavals that author of a dozen popular volumes, the outlook for organized religi'On is knows what to look for and how to dark. When he speaks of the racial describe what he sees. He went to revolution the Mission Boards and the India expecting to stay two months, missionaries come in for severe criti- and he fell so completely under the cism. He says: "Missions as a recipspell of the East that he remained two rocal activity in which the white years. He roamed "back and forth for humbly acknowledges that he has as a total distance of over 60,000 miles." much to receive as to give, seems to He does not go far beneath the sur- them 'obvious nonsense, and they will face nor attempt a discussion of prob- have none ·of it. All of which forces lems, but writes as a reporter of the the observation that it is very doubtimpressionist type. He has given us ful whether Christian missions can .one of the most readable books of survive the coming and inevitable end travel in recent years, word pictures of white world domination." of a land that impresses every visitor, In the chapter on religious revolu- as it did Mark Twain, "a land of tion the impression is given that even dreams and romance, of fabulous as Darwin dealt the death blow t'O the wealth and fabulous poverty, of splen- old argument for the existence of God dor and rags, of palaces and hovels, based on "design," so Einstein's "relaof famine and pestilence; mother of tivity" touches the realm of morals. history, grandmother of legend, and "In a relative world, what becomes of great-grandmother of tradition." In right and wrong? And what is good? this era of close relationships, no in- That, in its simplest form, is the stagtelligent man can be indifferent to a gering question which, from this day people who constitute one fifth of the forward, confronts religion." human race and whose problems and aspirations are affecting the whole There is scarcely any reference to world. This book gives the reader a the Bible, and distaste is expressed for clearer conception of India, but we the Apostles' Creed. The author fails regret that it does not give greater to see that thrones and empires have prominence to the constructive forces passed away, but the Church of Christ that are operating. Mr. Thomas makes stands. The Sixtieth Chapter of Isafew references to missionaries, but iah and the closing chapters of Revelawhat he does say is sympathetic, par- tion are more optimistic. ticularly regarding medical missionaries, whom he highly praises. The We cannot call this a helpful book. lack of an index is a defect that We do not agree that our present should be corrected in any further Christless civilization can be saved from extinction by a new humanism. "Nor the church that now is will not at all survive" (p. 197). The conclud- printing. A. J. B. ing paragraph holds out some hope

for a new kind of a church (not built Korea: The Old and the New. By Ellaon the old foundations nor with the old name: "It will not be a church sue Wagner. 160 pp. $1.50. Revell, of one continent, or one race, or one creed. It may not be called by any New York. 1931. . of the titles that we know; not even by that title which seems very sacred Kaleidoscopic changes are taking to us, Christian. But it will be composed of those seeking and courageous place in Korea as throughout the Far souls in all lands who, in response to mankind's deepest and immortal urge, East. The cla-sh of the new civilizago out to do battle with all that is false and inimical to human develop- tion with the old produces staggering ment and who likewise go out passionately to find God." results. In 1880 there were still sign- We need not go out to find God, nor posts along the highways with the go far. He finds us, in Jesus Christ, who is with His church all the days words; "If you meet a foreigner kill until the end of the age. S. M. Z. him' he who has friendly relations with a foreigner is a traitor to his country." Today the young men with their Western learning and civiliza- tion think in terms as remote and dif- ferent as is possible. There is an un- quenchable thirst for Western educa- tion. "Schools spring up over night; books pour out of the press. The last decade has witnessed a revolution India's Religion of Grace and Christianity greater than, and more far reaching Compared .and Contrasted. By Rudolf than, the French Revolution. Old Otto. Translated by Frank Hugh F?s- shackles have been broken. This is a ter, D.D. 143 pp. 68. Student ChrIS- tian Movement Press, London. new Korea today." The effect of all this is seen in the everyday life of Dr. Otto is known to most readers the people-in their dre,ss and espeof theological books as the author of cially in the greater freedom of wom- "The Idea of the Holy." His excep- anhood and a special interest in the tional knowledge of Sanskrit literature preservation of child life. Superstiand his acquaintance with contempo- tions are disappearing and the last rary religious life in India make this chapters speak of the influence of recent volume of especial value to stu- Christianity in producing, directing, dents in this field. We say that the and controlling these stupendous religion of Christ should not be judged changes. This is a fascinating picby the faulty practice of its present- ture of present-day Korea with the day adherents, but by the Gospel of background of the heritage of the past its Founder. Likewise in passing by one who is in charge of a social judgment upon Hinduism we should evangelistic center in the old capital. know the teaching of its earliest books. What Dr. Otto has to say of s. M. Z.

the sources from which he quotes does Tukaram: A Translation from Mahipati's not detract from the supremacy he accords our faith and withal gives us Bhaktalilamrita. (The Poet-Saints of a broader view of the striving of the Maharashtra Series.) Translated from the Marathi by Rev. Justin E. Abbott, D.D. xx-346 pp. $1.25. Obtainable Holy Spirit with the children of men from the Author, 120 Hobart Ave., and a happier belief in the innate Summit, N. J. 1930. reaching out of the human heart towards God and salvation by grace. If This fictitious story of an adventhe author finds much in common be- turer with his Hindu god, who through tween the two faiths he also finds more the path of Bkakti is supposed to have of contrast, and this contrast should reached highest bliss, gives some inbe recognized and emphasized in India. sight into the inner life of non-Chris- A full glossary of the Sanskrit terms tian mystics. Missionaries may find used adds to the value of the book. here an introduction to the beliefs of a powerful and influential religious J. c. cult in India, and all will see in this

BOOKS WORTH READING

story an example of devotion to God. dresses is good, but the second on com- Fact and fiction form an indivisible ing to terms with the moral universe, blend but the teachings here presented i. e., human society, is outstanding. Its are surprisingly near those of the picture of Christ, is magnificent, meet- Christian Gospel. "Thou art unique in ing with full approval the modern stu- Thy possession 'of a pitying heart" dents' demand for inner instead of (p. 215). "There is no end to hap- outer authority, for an expressive and piness, where there is mutual sy~pa­ not a repressive moral code, and for thy and love" (p. 230). "Wrong thlllk- simplicity and unity of moral obligaing is the root of sin, and it has led many into trouble" (p. 322). tion. It is a vision .of great beauty and power, a real contribution to pres- M. A. Q. D. ent-day ChrIstian thought. P. w. H.

By the Waters of Babylon. By Louis Wal- Life of Cardinal Newman. By Gaius Glenn lis. 8vo. 222 pp. $2. Macmillan. 1931. Atkins, D.D. 338 pp. $2.50. Harpers, New York. There are rich dramatic, as well as religious, values in the Old Testament Nearly a century ha,s passed since history, biography and prophecy. Human nature and human needs have Newman, then a young Oxford Don, not greatly changed except as men and women have come into closer fel- startled the religious world with the lowship with, God-the eternal, the righteous, the loving heavenly Father. first of the epoch making "Tracts for Many of these eternal values are clearly brought out in this novel of the Times." The ideas that he set in the times of Zedekiah, king of Judah. It was a time of moral laxity, and the motion have profoundly influenced worship of Baal; of the oppression of the poor by the rich and of fear of Christian thinking ever since. Protforeign invasion. Jeremiah was prophesying in Judah and Ezekiel in Baby- estants cannot accept Newman's ultra lon. Running through the storywhich is slow of movement but well High Church opinions, which took him told-is the rationalistic view that Jehovah of the Hebrews was a tribal into the Roman Catholic Church; but god unlike Merduk the god of Babylon,' and Amon-Ra of Egypt, chiefly in they reverence his purity of character, being represented as a lord of mercy and justice to the poor and needy. his high aspirations, his unwavering The collection of the Old Testament canon is here described as a work of devotion to Christ, the beauty and scribes who gathered the best of Hebrew literature-but without any con- power of hi,s writings, and the spiritscious leading of the Spirit of God. uality that enriched Christian liter- Coming to Terms with the Universe. Rev. McNeil Poteat. 12mo. 85 pp. The ature with the "Apologia" and the im- Association Press, New York. 1981. mortal hymn-"Lead, Kindly Light." This little book, made up of three addresses delivered to Southern stu- This extraordinary man could not have dents, glows with a great desire to guide them into a real faith in Christ. had a more discriminating biographer The sincerity of the presentation, and the clarity of the argument leave little than Dr. Atkins, professor of homito be desired. Each of the three ad- letics in Auburn Theological Seminary.

He has a genius for analyzing charac- ter and motives and rare skill in de- picting them. We concur in the opin- ion that this book is characterized by "spiritual insight, a sympathetic in- terpretive mind, and masterly literary style, and that it is safe to say that it will find a place beside the two or three great books inspired by the life of Newman since he died forty-one years ago." A. J. B.

The Daughter of Abd Salalll–The Story of a Peasant Woman of Palestine. By Florence Mary Fitch. 75 pp. Richard G. Badger, Boston.

Seven months spent in Palestine gave the writer opportunity to study the home life of the people. This story

of a woman of Bethlehem throws a and heroism runs through the narra- flood of light on village life among tive, the hero finally triumphing over Moslems, from birth to death. The countless dangers and difficulties.

story grips the reader and between the lines folklore and ,superstitions not Report of the World's Committee of the generally familiar are accurately re- Y. M. C. A/s. 300 pages. 4s. Geneva. 1931. vealed and the facts themselves are a The comprehensive report of the plea for missions. A woman speaks; World's Committee of Y. M. C. A.'s published for the 20th World's Con- "Yet we were only half-glad. The baby ference of Y. M. C. A.'s contains a vivid statement of the seventy-:five was a girl! But she was a beautiful years history of the oldest internation- al youth organization. There is also a baby, and she was mine! We called description of the modern tendencies (political, economic, educational, and her Rasmeya, which means 'first class.' religious) which affect youth, and an explanation of some of the "signs of She grew ·strong and Mohammed loved the times" which are particularly prominent among young people today. her and I forgot my disappointment. The third chapter give·s a survey of Before she was a year old, she was be- the activity of the World's Committee during the last five years-its reortrothed to A'hmud, son of Mousa, Mo- ganization, extension, and deepening, hammed's cousin. He was three years etc. The last part relates to the prob- lems with which a youth movement is old. Mousa gave her a present and confronted in attempting to formulate a message adequate for the present promised to give her something at time and regarding the attitude to be adopted towards moral, international, every festival to keep her for his son; the formal betrothal was to come when they grew older. But one cold winter morning little Rasmeya sickened and by afternoon she was dead. I washed her little body. We sewed a fresh gar- ment about her. Others dug the grave and we carried her out and buried her.

The women said, 'She was only a girl.' " s. M. Z.

Gods of Wealth and War. By James L. interracial, economic, and sport ques- Stewart. 8vo. 288 pp. $2. Revell, New York. 1931. tions. These issues are approached in a spirit of frankness and determina- Like Dr. Stewart's earlier novels tion. A statistical chart of informathis tale of adventure in modern China tion regarding the Y. M. C. A.

is melodramatic and full of hair- throughout the world closes this vol- breadth escapades. It describes vivid- ume.

ly the scourges that beset China Miracle Lives in China. By Rosalind and phy,sical, human and demoniacal. The Jonathan Goforth. 12mo. 157 pp.

most realistic are the scourges of $1.50. Harper and Brothers. 1931.

locusts and of bandits with the very Dr. and Mrs. Goforth have had un- vivid picture of the trial of innocent usually rich experience as missionaries men before a Chinese court presided in China for the past forty years.

over by a Chinese chief. Dr. Stewart They have passed through many trials describes dark and baneful supersti- and sufferings for Christ and have tions in contrast with the enlightened witnessed many evidences of His wonand helpful influence of Christ. The derful power to change Chinese lives. elements of probability do not seem to The stories of over twenty of these hamper the author but the story moves "Trophies of Grace" are heart stirring along rapidly with sustained interest narratives. The record of facts and to the end. Dr. Stewart knows China the Chinese atmosphere reveals the and the Chinese and his tale reveals difficulties that face Christians in the present-day conflict with commu- China and the power of God to overnism and banditry. A story of love come all 'Obstacles.

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1931

ONARY

Nearly Seven MiDion LET YOUR GIfT Dollars in to Foreign Missions Annuity Agreements ·PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME Issued By You can make a generous gift to foreign mis- The Mission Boards of the sions and have a needed income for yourself Methodist Episcopal Church and others from the money you give by the WHY? Annuity Gift Plan Because the Annuity Plan Provides: This plan relieves you of uncertainty and worry caused by changing values of invested A sound investment funds and assures yoU a fixed income of A guaranteed income for life A gift to Home and Foreign Missions 4!% to 9% per year For further information write: for the rest of your life W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of A reserve fund of over $1,500.000 guarantees the prompt payment of annuities to you. Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Protect yourself against loss through St., Philadelphia, Pa., or un wise i"1vestmentsand at the same time MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board help s~nd the gospel to all the wurld. of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New For full 1·n./ormation write York, N. Y. Erne.t F. Hall» Secretary.. Dept. of Annuiti•• BOARD -OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

IS6 Fifth Avenue, New York "No One Loves a Leper"

groaned the blind leper, Durdeshi, who had been cruelly driven from home by family and friends, and had traveled 60 weary miles in a rickety cart over rough roads, to reach a Leper Mission Hospital.

"There are many who love you-and God loves you, too," was the kind reply.

"Vho is this God and who are these people who can love a poor blind leper?"

he asked.

****** vVeeks passed; Durdeshi's pain-racked body was eased. He attended the Mission church services to find out about the strange God who had told his followers to "Cleanse the lepers."

Soon he decl..red his eagerness to be a fotIower of this loving Christ. Now his face shines -not alone with the bright tropical sun-but with joy and peace and health. All because Christ taught his followers to love and care for the 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – l lepers! At 150 Leper Colonies in 40 countries, the I AMERICAN MISSION TO LEPERS, Inc. Mission to Lepers is giving physical and Room 1119 K, 156 Fifth Ave., New York spiritual aid to these sufferers. But I I enclose $………… to show that some one I loves a leper.

BECAUSE OF LACK OF FUNDS I MANY MUST BE TURNED AWAY I Name …………………•.•…..••..•…..

-still believing as Durdeshi did, that "No I one loves a leper:' I Address ………….•………•….•••.••. I IJleasp IlWIltion THE lIISHIO~.RY IOJVIEW or.' THE ~ORL]) in writing- to uc1'~('rtisf'rs. COMING EVENTS REVIEW OF THE WORLD June 3-8-NoRTHERN BAPTIST CONVEN- TION, Kansas City, Mo. DELAYAN L. PIERSON, Editor June 4-GENERAL SYNOD, REFORMED CONTENTS-June, 1931 CHURCH IN AMERICA, Asbury Park, N. J. Page IS EVANGELISM OUT OF DATE ….. . June 8-20-INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS. Under the joint auspices ………•……… ROBERT E. SPEER 405 of the American Friends Service Committee and one of the Friends' MEET THESE AFRICAN GRANNIES .. Colleges near Philadelphia. For in- formation write to American Friends . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . • MRS. DONAI,D h~RASER 409 Service Committee, 20 South 12th St., Philadelphia. ARE OUR MISSIONARY METHODS WRONG? …..•.. PAUL W. HARRISON 415 June 19-23–CONVENTION, WOMEN'S GEN- ERAL MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF THE WHEN CUBA "FELL AMONG THIEVES" UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH at …………… HUGH THOlllSON KERR 421 Everett, Wash.

FOLLOWING STANLEY AFTER FIFTY June 20-30-THE DECENNIAL CONFER- YEARS ….. MRS. .JOHN M. SPRINGER 426 ENCE OF FOREIGN MISSIONS, Hotch- kiss School, Lakeville, Connecticut. SIAM-THE LAND OF KING PRAJAD· HIPOK ….. : …… GEORGE T. SCOTT 431 June 22-25-INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AFRICAN CHILDREN, Geneva, THE PRESENT CRISIS IN MISSION Switzerland. LANDS …………….. THE EDITOR 435 June 22-26 – WORLD CONFERENCE ON AN UNHOLY FESTIVAL IN INDIA .,. STEWARDSHIP. For information com- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IVA M. FISH 444 municate with the Rev. John A. Ingham, D.D., Progress Council, 25 MISS SUSIE SORAB.JI OF POONA …. 445 East 22d Street, New York City. METHODS FOR WORKERS ……… . June 25-July 3-GENERAL CONVENTION, . . . . " EDITED RY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON 447 CONGREGATIONAL AND CHRISTIAN WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MIS- CHURCHES, Seattle, Wash• SI()N BULLETIN ……………… 455 June 26-July 6-M. E. M. CONFERENCE, Silver Bay, N. Y. WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ………… 461 BOOKS WORTH READINC' ……….. 477 June 29-July 6 – GENEVA SUMMER •SCHOOL OF MISSIONS at Geneva, Wisc. For information address: Mrs. George P. Lottich, 3253 Wilson Ave., Chicago, ID.

TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs 01 WANTED-AN ORGAN FOR TAIKU five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, "Do you know of someone who can give an organ to the Nam San church 1931, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMp at Taiku 1" writes Rev. Henry M. Bruen, of the Presbyterian Mission in Korea. PANY, INC. All rights reserved. This congregation has recently completed a new church building and just before THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING Christmas raised 1,800 yen, which repre- COMPANY, INC. sents much sacrificial gi'ling, and they still need yen 1,700 to wipe out the defi- RonmaT E. SP:BlBlB} President cit. Pastor Yi and his people are very eager to have a good organ to help with 'WILLIAlII I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vlce-Pre.Ment the music-one that has been in use will be best as such a gift can be entered free DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary of duty. If you can make such a gift or WALTER McDOUGALlJ, Treasurer know of someone who will, please write to the Rev. Henry M. Bruen, and send Publication Office. lid & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, the organ to The American Presbyterian Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Mission, Taiku, Chosen. Mark "gift" and used, or not new. It may be for- Editorial and Business Omce, 156 Fifth Avenue, warded through The Presbyterian Board New York City of Foreign Missions, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. Entered as second·class matter lit the Post Omce, Harrisburg, PII., under Act of March 3, 1879. PERSONALS time in Africa and in India, also making a brief visit to the Philippines, China, MRS. AIJA LEE, at the age of seventy- Korea and Japan. . five still carries on her loving work for * ,. .. the children of India. With her husband, the Rev. D. H. Lee, she established the MISS VICTORIA E. MACARTHUR, M.D., Lee Memorial Mission in Calcutta in memory of their six children who were Presbyterian missionary in India since killed when a mountainside gave way in 1899, has been awarded the Kaiser-I. Darjeling. Hind medal.· Dr. MacArthur is in charge *** of the Mary Wanless Hospital- MR. W. J. W. ROOME, recently left ,. * … London for Africa which he has crossed from east to west and back ten or twelve of RKEVr?.oACNDoaMstRDS.isWtrAicLtT, EaRreBr.eWtuIrLnLiInAgMtS~ times. He was born in Birmingilam, Amenca because of disturbed conditions England, on April 16, 1865, son of the in Liberia. Rev. W. J. B. Roome. Since he retired from business as an architect, at the * * .. age of fifty, he has made many mission- DR. RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER, correary journeys on behalf of the British sponding secretary of the Methodist and Foreign Bible Society. He has now gone out as an advance guard for a party Episcopal Board of Fmeign Missions, of missionary pioneers on behalf of the Heart of Africa Mission. who has been in Asia as consultant to the Laymen's Missionary Inquiry, re- turned to the United States on April 8.

OBITUARY *** MISS SUSIE SORABJI, Principal of the THE REV. WILLIAM H. MCCANCE, for- St. Helena High School, Poona, India, merly a missionary in India under the died on March 15th. She was the daugh- American Board of Commissioners, has been elected Associate Secretary of the ter of Rev. Sorabji Kharsedji, a famous Committee of Reference and Counsel of Christian converted Parsee. the Foreign Missions Conference. * .. * MISS EMILY N. FORMAN, a missionary of the Board of Missions of the Presby- *** terian Church in India, died on April MR. GEORGE AZARIAH, the second son of the Bishop of Dornakal, was one of 11th in Louisville, Ky. She was on furtwenty-one men who were ordained to the order of deacon recently in India. lough from the mission field and since He is going to work in the TinneveJly 1892 had been principal of the Presby- Diocese, where his grandfather lived and terian mission school at Fatehgarh, In- dia. .. ,. … .. .. worked some years ago. THE REV. F. A. STEVEN, who went to '" China in 1883 and had given forty-eight DR. J. H. RITSON, after 31 years as years of his life in service f{)r the evan- gelization of the Chinese, died recently. Secretary of the British and Foreign A few weeks before Mr. Steven passed Bible Society, has resigned because of away, the Rev. Stanley Smith, who went out to China in 1885 with Mr. D. E. illness. *~ * Hoste, W. W. Cassels and other members of the famous "Cambridge Seven," died. DR. IDA B. S. SCUDDER, niece of Dr. Mr. Smith had severed his connection with the China Inland Mission about Ida Scudder, has joined the staff of the twenty-five years ago.

Woman's Medical College at Vellore, India. This makes fifteen Scudders in the mission fields of India.

** *** Mit. J. MERLE DAVIS, Secretary of the MRS. FREDERICK G. BOWIE, of the Scotrecently created Department of Social tish Mission at Tangoa, New Hebrides, and Industrial Research and Counsel, died January 19th, as the result of blood under the International Missionary poisoning. Council, was pre!!ent at a meeting of the Committee on Reference and Counsel and * explained the work and plans of the Department in considerable detail. He has A CORRECTION returned to Geneva. Dr. Melvin Grove Kyle, the well-known archreologist, calls our attention to an *** error in our February number (pages 130 to 131) referring to an ancient lamp MR. LESLIE B. Moss, Secretary of the and an alleged discovery of a tablet with Committee of Reference and Counsel has an inscription to show that these were been authorized to visit some of the mis- foot lamps. Dr. Kyle says that this story sion fields. Suggestions regarding work is an absolute fabrication, containing no that ought to be studied on such a trip truth so far as he is concerned. The will be heartily welcomed. He anticipates spending a major portion of the statement was quoted from "The Banner."

"ORANNIES" AT HOME-(SEE PAGE

HET,PING TO MAKE RETTER AFUTCANS AT 'rHE I,QUnON MTSfHON HOSPTTAl,

LIV, No.6 June

THE'MISSIONARY 1f,eWO .. ~~ IS EVANGELISM OUT OF DATE BY ROBERT E. SPEER, D.D., New York Author of "Some Lit'ing Issucs/' Etc.

T HAT depends on what we pose of true open conversion as a mean by evangelism. If we definite part of the missionary aim mean some particular method but there are others who have no of making the Gospel known and zeal to do so. They say that it is of trying to win men to Christian no part of their effort to get Hill- faith, undoubtedly that method dus to give up Hinduism and to may become ineffective and anti- become Christians, or Buddhists to quated. But if we mean not some abandon Buddhism and become particular method but the thing it- Christians, but that their desire is self, then it will never become out to see men become better men and of date. Men who believe the Gos- to find God where they are. They pel will proclaim it, and will do so wish to see Hinduism and Budwith a view to leading other men dhism christianized and not to see deliberately to accept Jesus Christ Hindus and Buddhists made Chrisas their Lord and Saviour and to tians.

become His disciples. Mr. Gandhi has of late carried It is not to be denied, however, this idea to the limit. He declares that conversion from one religion that there are many in the church to another is wrong and he is esand out of the church today who pecially critical of Christian misdisavow or discredit the idea of sions and of their schools and evangelism and who do regard it hospitals because they are trying as out of date, meaning by evan- to convert men to the Christian gelism the effort to make men faith. The Indian Social Reformer Christian, to get them to accept has published a number of articles and confess Christ and to join the maintaining this position and its Christian church. A recent mis- editor, Mr. Natarajan, one of the sionary magazine article declares best men in India, has gone so far of missionary policy in India, "Our as to appeal for political prohibiprimary aim is not to bring Indians tion of religious proselytism. Here to outward conformity to a rite or to membership in the visible are his very words in his issue of church." Probably the writer of this particular article would give March 29, 1930: a meaning to the word "primary" The conception of sovereignty in a which would still retain the pur- monarchy is not a wholly secular one, 405

and there must be something in the cause all these religions had a beconditions attaching to it to indicate ginning. If there can be no cona spiritual contact between the sov- version from an old faith to a new, ereign and the subject. It is against what warrant was there for Islam the immemorial tradition of India to or Buddhism or all modern forms impose a disability on any religion. of Hinduism in the first instance? We cannot ask that the King of the Indian Dominion should not profess As a matter of fact the issue the Christian faith. But we think really turns on what we conceive India may and should ask that the Christianity to be and whether we Coronation Oath should contain a sol- believe that we have in Christ emn undertaking on the part of the something that every man ought sovereign to be the protector of the to have. If we conceive Christianancient religious faiths of this coun- ity to be the universal and unique try. The present principle of religious and indispensable message of the neutrality must be replaced by a prin- salvation wrought for the world in ciple of active and appreciative pro- Christ and in Him alone, and if we tection. The most important conse- see in Christ the only way to the quence of the change will be that Father, the only Light of the world, organized religious pro·selytism, hav- the Way, the Truth and the Life, ing for its purpose the seduction of then we cannot help ourselves. We his majesty's subjects from their an- must make Him known with the urgent desire to have Him accepted cestral faiths will be barred, as the by all men and to have all men King being the protector of all reli- unite themselves to Him and to gions, cannot let one of them wage one another in Him. war against another. This is the missionary aim. As But the principles involved in several of our foreign mission this view are untenable. In the boards have put it in their manfirst place such a view freezes hu- uals: man thought. There can be no change. What one has believed or The supreme and controlling aim of what one's fathers have believed Foreign Missions is to make the Lord we must continue to believe. In Jesus Christ known to all men as their the second place, if it is replied Divine Saviour and to persuade them that only religion is in mind, one to become His disciples; to gather answers that religious truth is not these disciples into Chri·stian churches different from other truth. If we which shall be self-propagating, selfare bound to give up what is er- supporting, self-governing; to cooproneous in our ideas of physics or erate, so long as neces·sary, with these geography or philosophy when we churches in the evangelizing of their find the truth, we are bound like- countrymen, and in bringing to bear wise to exchange error for truth in on all human life the spirit and prinreligion. In the third place, if it ciples of Christ. is said that religious truth is unattainable or unprovable, we reply And this ideal includes the defithat our conviction is otherwise, nite association of men in the open but that if it is so then there can and declared fellowship of the surely be no warrant for holding Christian church. All permeation fast to our old religion just be- of life and thought by the Chriscause it is old. In the fourth place tian spirit, all movement of the this view is self contradictory, be- national mind toward Christ and acceptance of His ideals is to the

IS EVANGELISM OUT OF DATE

good. All development of person- disembodied national influence.

alities Christward, whether they Well, it cannot. Alas! this kind separate themselves from old loy- of religious genius is not confined alties and follow Christ openly and to China. It has been one of the alone or not, is hopeful. But these hindrances and obstacles in the are not enough. Some think they way of the church always and are. In some mission fields one everywhere.

meets with the idea that Christian- Albert Schweitzer deals with ity can exist without any organized this idea of a partial evangelism in a striking passage in "On the Edge body and especially without any of the Primeval Forest." He is local congregational organization. contrasting the Protestant and Ro- There are some indeed who think man Catholic missionary policies that this idea is to be one of the and says: contributions of the "Chinese religious genius," which as one Chi- If I had to distinguish between the nese writer says, "insists that aims which the two keep before them, I should say the Protestant mission religion should be left to individual puts in the first place the building up inclination and achievement with- of Christian personalities, while the out organized propaganda and pub- Catholic has in mind before all else lic worship of any sort."" The the establishment on solid foundations preface to the "China Christian of a church. The former object is the Year Book" for 1926 calls atten- higher one, but it does not take suf· tion to this tendency in the Chi- nese Christian mind. Summariz- ficient account of realities. To make ing the main features of the the work of training permanently sucpresent situation in the survey of cessful, a firmly established church, the year, it says: which grows in a natural way with the increase in the number of Christian The chief note struck with re- families, is necessary. gards to Christianity, where there is articulation at least, is the desire to If we cannot be satisfied with a understand and follow Christ's way of conception of evangelism, which life. This includes another promising stops with open Christian personsign that, in spite of the comparative alities and does not go on to the lack of cohesion in the Christian Move- church, still less can we be satisment as a whole, there Is a slowly fied with a view which stops short growing desire and effort to promote of open Christian personalities and Christian fellowship as distinct from is content with the permeation of and above the claims and efforts of society with Christian ideals, deecclesiastical, denominational or the- ological unity. It is felt by some that sirable as that is. It is desirable this higher and freer Christian fel- but it is not first and it cannot be lowship is possible even though intel- enough.

lectual and ecclesiastical unity is It may indeed be that in some hardly a practical question at the pres- lands we shall have to wait for ent time. large open accessions to the church According to this view local self- until there has been a deeper seep- supporting churches are not nec- age of Christian truth into the naessary; the church can exist as a tional thought and life. Sir Charles .. The China Christian Year Book, 1926, p. Trevelyan, who lived long in In- 276. dia, thought that this would be the

method of India's evangelization. ments of evangelism which are di- He says: rected primarily at the winning of individuals to Christian faith and Many persons mistake the way in discipleship. These churches are which the conversion of India will be not content to remain in old nubrought about. I believe it will take merical trenches. On the other place at last wholesale, just as our own hand they are making it their priancestors were converted. The coun- mary aim to bring Chinese and try will have Christian instruction in- Japanese "to membership in the fused into it in every way by direct visible church." They are not conmissionary education, and indirectly tent to "pervade and transform by books of various sorts, through the present-day interpretations of Conpublic newspapers, through conversa- fucianism and Buddhism" or to tion with Europeans, and in all the pervade society with Christian conconceivable ways in which knowledge ceptions. These things indeed they is communicated. Then at last when rejoice to see. But they are drivsociety is completely saturated with ing straight at the conversion of Christian knowledge, and public opin- men and women to Christ, believion has taken a decided turn that way, ing that this will be the most efthey will come over by thousands. fective way to permeate and uplift the life and thought of the land. It may be so. But our approach is by person to person. Let all the Methods of evangelism come and general influences operate and be go. Whitefield and the Wesleys operated that can suffuse national found the methods that were ef- 'and racial minds with Christian fective in their time; Finney and truth and the Spirit of Christ. But Moody in theirs. We must find at the beginning and throughout those that are effective in our own the centuries and today the pri- time. But the essential thing is the mary and effective mIssIOnary same. And we need today in the method at home and abroad is the church at home, as well as in all contact of individual with indi- our missions at home and abroad, vidual. This is the evangelism of to see this, and to go after men and the New Testament and it never women, one by one, or in the has been and never will be out of groups and companies in which date. they are accessible, and to relate them to Christ and Christ to them On the contrary, this is the su- in the elemental reality of the Gospreme need everywhere today. The pel of the New Testament and of national churches in China and all time. Japan have discerned this and have launched their own move- THE MISSIONARY o matchless honor all unsought, High privilege surpassing thought, That Thou shouldst call me, Lord, to be Linked in work-fellowship with Thee; To carry out Thy wondrous plan, To bear Thy messages to man; In trust with Christ's own word of grace To every soul of the human race.

-Selected.

A WASHING LESSON IN A M01'TTJ1JR CTLT"l' SCHOOL, CJ1JNTRAI. AF'RfCA

MEET THESE AFRICAN GRANNIES BY MRS. DONALD FRASER, Edinburgh, Scotland /l or 'l'h irt /J l'Cu.r8 {I M-i8siunarl/ iu the {,i.1'inn~ to"i(l. M18Hion of the Ut1 itnl Free P-r p.shytt:ria tl. C hu rch of SCOtlWllU T HE sound of a gentle artificial ing; on mine, news of my children cough coming from the veran- in far away Scotland, with a gram- dah announces visitors. I go ophone entertainment possibly and out to greet two or three old ladies a parting gift of a handful of salt who have settled comfortably down to each. Then with friendly fareon the floor and announce that they wells we part. have come to gossip with their mother. The gossip is very inno- As I watch them going down the cent on their part, news of the path the memory comes of a day crops and their neighbors, of sick- when, as a newcomer, I sat on anness in the village and tax gather- other verandah in Central Africa and listened to a discussion going 40Q

on between two missionaries about Her native name being difficult to the difficulty of reforming some of waster, she was called and rethe tribal customs. The blame was mained through life, Mrs. Pettilaid at the doors of the older wom- grew, after a Scottish friend whom en. "You'll never get things she resembled. changed till you hang all the old women first!" emphatically an- Mrs. Pettigrew and a few others nounced one of the men. A vital formed the first women's class truth underlay the hyperbolic lan- taught by their dona (white womguage. None were so determined an). The dona's language was in their opposition to progress, doubtless very poor but so was the their rigid adherence to old cus- intelligence displayed by the class. toms and taboos. I had to admit A parable was carefully gone over how unlovely I had found it pos- each week but no trace of the lessible for old age to be, as I had son seemed to remain in their watched some unattractive faces minds by the following week. They upon which the passing years had cheerfully explained that they were left traces of stupidity and evil women and therefore stupid and mindedness, bestiality and cruelty. unable to learn or remember what In others, ·with less evidence of they were taught. Almost in deevil, the hopelessness and dejection spair one day I insisted that surely were almost as saddening. Least something had stuck to them "No, attractive of all I had found the mama," said Mrs. Pettigrew, shakgreedy begging heathen widows of ing her head "it's all gone. Satana chiefs, whose visits to the mission has come and picked up all the were actuated by the desire for seeds sown last week." This statesalt, soap and calico for which they ment brought unexpected cheer, shamelessly clamored. On the oth- for it revealed that something after hand some old friendless slave er all had been absorbed. The parwomen, pathetically grateful for able of the previous week having any little kindness shown, embar- been that of the sower who sowed rassed the white woman terribly by the wayside. by the way they rolled over and over in the dust at her feet in Their First Prayers thanks for some trifling gift. Old and past work and able to bring no That class was the nucleus of return present, it astonished them the Christian women's class which that they should receive anything. in later years was a regular part of the Sunday program. It always In delightful contrast to these contained a good proportion of old was the motherly friendliness of women, more free than the young an elderly Christian woman who mothers to attend, and their progused to turn up at the mission ress, collective and individual, house in time for family prayers on though slow, was interesting to Sunday. She used to kiss the white watch. When they first took part woman's hands in a way you never in prayer their words were strongsee done in Africa except to babies. ly reminiscent of prayers uttered She would admire her clothes, turn- in public worship by the men. One ing her round for inspection. She woman echoed faithfully her huswould taste a sample of European band's invariable beginning "0 cooking and smile benignantly. God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob. You are the all-knowing.

MEET THESE AFRICAN GRANNIES

You know the things of the past, "But," I protested, "you yourand of the future, the things of selves all said this was clean and above and the things of earth," and white." "Ah, but mama, we hadn't so on. But gradually as their reli- seen the really beautiful white gion became better understood, a cloth then. Now we see that the simpler and a more personal thing, other one is dirty. Before, it looked their prayers developed the same clean because we had been looking note: at the very dirty one."

"Father God," prayed one of I pressed home the lesson and them, "we are surprised at ourselves. When we are here in the finally a woman prayed "Truly, a class we know quite well you are here too, and want to be with us all God, did we ever know before that the time. And then we go home we were so soiled? But we have after church and forget all about been looking at the whiteness of you in our village." J esu Kristu and we want you to wash us white like Him." Another used to pray for their teacher "that God would give her The women of the Gospel narrastrength to cook for them Sunday tive interested the Africans greatly by Sunday, that their souls might -Mary, Elizabeth and that home be fed." (strange to Africans) where two sisters lived with their brother and The lessons had to be very simple rejoiced in the friendship of Jesus. so that the old women, as well as We went over the women of the some of the more intelligent young- Old Testament too and one realized er ones, might take them in. We that they entered into and underused eye gate, as well as ear gate to stood their lives better perhaps impress on them the necessity for than we of more advanced civilizataking Jesus Christ as our stand- tion. Very human and deserving ard, and not be content to compare of sympathy to them were the ourselves with our heathen neigh- childless women, and over their bors. I went to the class with a faces passed expressions of relief dish cloth which an African table and delight when they heard that boy would assert to be clean, and at last a child came and the reanother which I had wet and proach of barrenness had been rerubbed in the dirt. I asked which moved. They knew all about the was clean. Everyone pointed to the scornful contempt of the rival wife first. "But is it really clean?" Oh with children and too rare were yes, mama and they drew my at- husbands, like Hannah'S, who tried tention to its contrast to the other. to comfort instead of neglecting her. That God should concern Him- Then you would call this a white self with the choice and manner of cloth ?" life of the woman chosen to become the mother of one of His great They all assented. servants astonished and encour- "Well now, what about this?" I aged them. asked, as I drew from my bag a square of spotless white nainsook. The old ladies were frequent at- "That! 0 that's a beautiful white tenders at hospital and knowing cloth." their poverty we often exempted "Like this?" I inquired holding them from the small fee patients up the dishcloth. "No, that's dirty. were supposed to pay. Yet, again This last is really white." and again, when they had been let

off fees-sometimes because of Changora," I would protest, "It is their protests-they would turn up my hospital. I am hostess, there- at our dwelling house with a fowl fore I should greet my guests."

or a basket of food and present it "No," she would patiently ex- to me-"a gift, not fees"-for the plain "You don't sleep here. I do, Africans' loyalty and gratitude therefore it is my house; therefore centers round persons rather than I greet. You-the guest. When I institutions. But as an institution come to your house then you can the hospital was popular with them greet me."

-where else could you get such I had frequent opportunities of luxuries as two meals a day regu- so doing. She used to arrive, ask lar and sufficient, a supply of salt, for the family, slip an egg into the and a blanket at night? The con- hands of each and present any that trast with their hand to mouth ex- were left to me. She would never istence in the village sometimes sell eggs to me-wherein she was made it a struggle to prevent the unconsciously wise, for I might hospital from becoming an old have tested and rejected them as ladies' home, especially in times of not fresh. As it was, I had always scarcity. What they saw and ex- to thank her politely and give a re- perienced there shook their faith turn present of salt. Sometimes in the old native regime. before our great communion gath- For several years an old woman erings she would arrive to consult named Changora acted as cook, me as to what she should wear. As mother or matron there. Engaged her entire wardrobe consisted of a first to attend to a friendless epi- tattered cloth she wore around her, leptic girl who was badly burned, the advice inevitably took the form she was later initiated into the of a present of a new cloth-given mysteries of bringing up a mother- with the injunction not to tell any- less grandchild by bottle feeding one where she had got it. Chan- and proudly she used to display gora would not and knowingly this miraculously reared Wendy to stuck her present securely out of admiring and almost incredulous sight, somewhere beneath her rags.

friends. Later she posed as an ex- She would turn up looking respec- pert on rearing orphan infants, table for the services but too often while superintending the efforts of afterwards I would see the new others who came for the same pur- cloth adorning one of the grand- pose. While the doctor tried to en- children to whom she was devoted.

lighten the ignorance of the people Still, an occasional cloth was a on medical matters, Changora cheap form of pension for a retired strove to improve the doctor's hospital matron.

shocking neglect of social etiquette. During the first great "Flu" epi- When I entered the hospital in the demic that penetrated into Central morning I distressed her by greet- Africa I heard that she was ill and ing my waiting patients. She went to see her, bringing bovril would follow me into my consulting and fruit and a warm flannel jack- room, shutting the door that her et. I found her lying on a mat on reproof might not be overheard, the floor and realized she was seri- and say to me, "It is not your place ously ill, but I refrained from to say good morning to us. You speaking till she opened her eyes wait till we greet you." "But, and greeted me and I half thought

there was a humorous twinkle in When I used to slip along from the her eyes at my having learned the hospital to her house to get a reetiquette prescribed in visiting. freshing cup of tea, Makachibene When I gave her the jacket she in- was often about. Occasionally quired (recognizing it as a hospital there would be an interval when one) whether it was a loan or a we heard she had an angry fit on. present. I assured her it was her But I think the sense of being loved own, knowing no one would after- and cared for by God and His peowards wear what had been worn ple brought peace and healing to by those who died. But she shook her spirit for these attacks became her head when I wanted to help milder and finally stopped, leaving her to put it on. "I am going to her affectionate and childlike with our Father God," she w~ispered. a shy, happy smile flitting across I suggested it might not be at that her face whenever one spoke to time and said I would return next her. day. But on the morrow I was met by a Christian woman who had When in the less busy time of been with her when she had passed the year we used to have a school away half an hour before. In the for women, this old lady was one village her little grandchild was of the most regular attendants. wearing the jacket (it reached to She sat in the lowest class-where his ankles, the sleeves engulfed his the pupils were mostly the oldest arms) which his unselfish granny -and never managed to learn her had put aside for him, considering syllables. When the teacher it too good to waste on a dying pointed to the board her eyes folwoman. lowed the pointer hopefully, but failing to recognize the mysterious As I left the village, I remem- sign it indicated, she would glance bered a time when the poor, tired round the class to see what sound cld woman had begged to be re- their lips were forming and just a lieved of the task of looking after perceptible interval after the othan orphan. But she was indispen- ers, she said it too and then glanced sable and it had to be pointed out at me for approbation. But though to her that her "holiday from nurs- years of attendance failed to make ing babies" might mean the death her a reader, she enjoyed the lesof the little one and in as much as sons in Bible stories, cooking, talks she was doing this service for it, about health and the upbringing of she was doing it for Christ. And children. loyalty to Him had won and she resumed her task, asking only for the Is It Worth While ~ assurance that when she died and passed beyond He would greet her A visitor to the mission school with the words "Come in Chan- once suggested that it was futile gora. It was you who looked after to spend time on these hopeless old babies for me at Loudon." women who would never learn to read. Why not concentrate on the Another Devoted Friend younger intelligent women? I re- member how it hurt to hear them Another friend was Makachi- called duds. Besides, they were bene, a wee thin slip of a woman really tremendously important. who conceived a great devotion for Attending the school meant that one of our women missionaries. they were allying themselves with

all the progress and reform that corncobs or some other simple gift.

the Christian teaching stood for What endless reminiscences one and when some young woman in could write of them,-the way they their village wanted to test some used to escort their dona home of the new suggestions about in- from church on Sunday, each so fant feeding or some such subject, anxious to carry something for her it would help her greatly that she that after distributing bag, Testa- was backed by one or two old wom- ment, hymn book, roll back she en instead of meeting unanimous sometimes had to eke out her lim- opposition. ited resources by handing over her And these old people were re- handkerchief too; of visits to their spected because of their Christian villages when she would return life and character. There was no ashamed of being laden with gifts class of women who showed such of foodstuffs she dare not offend evidence of the difference the Gos- them by refusing; of a time of pel had made in their lives as those famine when she doled them out old grannies. The world had al- scanty rations of rice barely suffi- tered for them and become a cient to keep them alive and so friendly, safe place full of love and won the delightful new name of help such, as they had had no ex- Msoro (honey bird) because she perience of in the old heathen days. found food for them; of a Christ- God as Father had brought them mas party for the grey haired only, into friendship with people of which ended in an impromptu whom they had never heard of dance "to show God how happy we when they were young-white peo- are"; of a time when the dona's ple over the seas who had sent life was in danger, and one of the help to their black sisters. The old bodies sat without moving from church was a society that did not the verandah for twelve hours till despise and neglect them, but rath- better news sent her home tired er honored and helped them. This and hungry but happy; of the won- was a day of good tidings which derful day when their first little had followed their long night of white sister arrived in their midst fear and their very faces, as well instead of coming like the other as lives, reflected the change. The Bazungu (white people) from old unlovely type with all that was across the sea, and the queues that human and kindly obliterated, is waited to get their first glimpse of giving place in many instances to her; of the last sad days when happy, kindly, more intelligent their white mother sometimes fled faces in which sometimes lines of out of the back door into the bush real beauty and refinement can be when she saw a mournful little traced. And the pastors and elders group of them coming up the road, of the church could tell that none because she COUldn't face their are more faithful in their attend- tears without breaking down her- ance at worship, or more liberal- self at the thought of the coming out of their great poverty-in their separation. These and many other regular contributions when the memories, tender and cheering, deacons make their village rounds, pass through my mind as I write and the people respond by produc- of our gossips-our God-rib-those ing a copper or two, a basket of to whom we have become related in flour or beans, or a little bundle of the service of God. BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia* Mi88ionary oJ the Reformed Church In America Men who have unselfishly devoted their lives to a great cause have a right to be heard as to their convictions on the principle on which the success of that cause is based. Dr. Paul W. Harrison has spent twenty years in Arabia as a medical missionary under the Reformed Church in America. His experience in medical and evangelistic work in Bahrein, Muscat and other stations has brought him into close contact with the needs of the people and the problems of the work. His studies and travels in India and his contacts with leaders in many lands have given him a wide range of sympathy and information. His study of the Bible and his service have formulated his ideals and given him the courage of his convictions.

In February Dr. Harrison delivered a series of five lectures at Princeton Theological Seminary which were so fresh, so earnest and so startling in some of their positions and recommendations that they have aroused much interest and some criticism. We have secured permission to print these lectures, slightly abbreviated, and will welcome the comments of other Christian workers on the amended missionary program suggested by Dr. Harrison.-EDITOR.

I N KALAMAZOO a few weeks sionaries are sent to Japan today ago my missionary talk had because Japan is able to take care been preceded by an address of that work herself. It would be by a mission convert who was a better if we should realize that our director in the educational enter- educational work is essentially as prise of India. He intimated that temporary as our medical mission- the missionary enterprise was ary work.

gradually evolving from the stage Let us remember the very wide- of evangelistic work and was right- spread, almost universal increase ly becoming more and more an edu- in the spirit of nationalism. China, cational enterprise to train the during the last few years, has been native church. That idea is wide- convulsed from one end to the spread, but, as I hope to show, is other because she has gained a new false and dangerous to the mission- spirit of racial self-consciousness.

ary cause. Her nationalistic spirit has extend- We all recognize that one branch ed until it includes all the different of our institutional work is essen- strata of society, and all the prov- tially temporary. No medical mis- inces, and it is perhaps now almost • I introduce these lectures with great dif· the major passion of the Chinese. fidence. on three accounts: First, because The significant fact is that this Princeton is known for its scholarship, and I do not pretend to be a scholar. Second, because particular phenomenon is practi- I expect to bring to your attention ideas that cally universal. In India the spirit are quite at variance with many of the con- of nationalism has penetrated from ventional ideas regarding missionary work and the top to the bottom. It has come behind such new ideas there fs no authority whatever except the impressions gained by one to include all sections, the native individual in twentf years of missionary work. states as well as British India. The r am especially anxIOUS that you do not ascribe same thing is true in Turkey and to what r say the authority of any commission in Persia. or church or board. The third reason is, of course, the importance of the group here as- Wherever we go we find that the sembled. It becomes a grave responsibility when one attempts to assert that the compass of tbe conrse ongbt to be replotted, and that we ought to be ruled by different ideas.

p, W. H.

415 spirit of racial self-consciousness culture. India is not primarily in- is strong, and is steadily growing. terested in financial or commercial And we ought to note that this is progress, but India is supremely a permanent change. There will be interested in her own racial self- no return to the situation of fifty development. She believes, and years ago. We have only seen the rightly, that she has certain pecu- beginning of this change in nation- liar racial endowments. The same al consciousness. From now on is true of China, and of Arabia, there is going to be a more and and of America. India has certain more intense patriotism. Here is a r a cia I endowments which are factor of very great importance unique, and, therefore, she is anx- that we must consider in relation ious to direct her destiny along the to the missionary enterprise. lines of those endowments. That The Educational Program is exactly the attitude that the In- dian leaders ought to take. The Now notice the effect that this only weapon that the leaders of has upon the national educational India possess for the accomplish- programs. In India, for example, ment of her supreme aim is educa- there are now in the colleges and tion. India, therefore, is coming to the professional schools, some 84,- ask, as China and Persia and Japan 000 students; there are 12,000,000 have asked, for the complete con- students in the secondary and ele- trol of all the schools.

mentary schools. The students in One of the most serious problems those schools are going to shape before every missionary board to- the future of India. We direct the day is the problem of adjusting the destinies of all our nations by missionary schools to this demand means of schools. of the national leaders. The Amer- It is not, therefore, remarkable ican Board is troubled because the to find that in all of these countries Turkish government has demanded where the spirit of national con- not only the control of general edu- sciousness has grown there has cation but of the religious instruc- also developed a determination to tion in Mission schools. Thesame control all the schools. That is in- demand has come from Persia and evitable and natural and should be China, and will probably come from welcomed by the missionary en- India as soon as the Indians gain terprise. control of the government.

This particular tendency has This thing is inevitable, it is nat- sometimes manifested itself in very ural, and it ought to be welcomed disagreeable ways. Turkey has de- because in all of these nations, a manded that she have complete large part of the educational pro- control of all the schools in Turkey. gram has been carried on by for- The same demand has come from eigners. The missionaries entered Persia. The only hope that the backward countries that had prac- leaders of a country have for build- tically no educational systems and, ing up the kind of nation they want as a matter of Christian charity is by control of the schools. they organized schools, just as hos- In India, where I have spent a pitals have been planted in these good deal of time, Mr. Gandhi and countries because they had no ade- the Indian people fear nothing so quate medical work. But now these much as the imposition of western nations, having attained racial selfconsciousness, wit h a national the enterprise and less to its edu- spirit, naturally demand the con- cational side.

trol of the whole educational enter- The prevailing view that mis- prise. sionary work is going to become In the past the missionary so- more educational is dangerous becieties have paid for these mission cause, in so far as we are obschools, assisted in some countries sessed with that false idea, we will more or less by native money. They find ourselves pitted against the have done a very creditable and irresistible current of the time. If outstanding piece of philanthropic we do not recognize the nationaliswork, but nevertheless, as sQon as tic demand for control of the the nation attains to national self- schools, we are doomed to hinder consciousness, it is inevitable that the whole enterprise. The surrenthe leaders shall demand the con- der of our general educational work trol of the education upon which is natural and inevitable.

rests the destiny of those countries. Some will say that this view of Since the spirit of nationalism educational work overlooks entireis here to stay, by the same token ly the evangelistic possibilities of this demand for control of all the the school, if we can include relischools is also going to grow until gious education. There is an incomplete control is secure. So}Ve creasing emphasis on religious come to this situation: The mis- education in America and it is right sionary enterprise is going to be- that we should stress religious educome less and less a general educa- cation abroad. The records of the tional enterprise, and many of us past are against that idea. I remay live to see the educational arm member two very interesting asof missions disappear in many of sistants that I had in the hospital these countries. work in Muttra twenty years ago. They were converted Afghans that When India attains to self-gov- resulted from Dr. Pennell's work ernment, the first thing she will in North India. We used to sit wish to do, When she can manage down and talk by the hour,and her finances well enough, is to from them I learned a great deal make elementary education com- about the missionary enterprise pulsory. When this is done, India that I had not known before. They will wish to take over all of the told me that in north India when elementary mission school work. they went out to do itinerary evan- gelistic work, the opponents whom Then, you see unquestionably the they dreaded most to meet were the whole missionary enterprise will graduates of mission schools who had been trained in compulsory become more and more purely Bible classes. Such graduates know evangelistic. That is not a criticism against the missionaries of the past, but it is recognizing the the Bible extraordinarily well, for significance of the movements of there is one thing that an Indian the present. The present form of can do, and that is he can rememmissionary work is now different ber what is taught him to a degree from the past to some extent, and that is simply uncanny. These mis- the future is going to be still more sion school gradUates had been different. The future undoubtedly compelled to take courses in the belongs to the evangelistic side of Bible but not more than one in 2 a thousand becomes a Christian. This is inevitable because of the These itiJlerant evangelists are ear- rise of the nationalistic spirit.

nest-minded and sincere Chris- An Individual or a Social Gospel tians, but they are not yet well educated and they rneet in these Conclusion number two, which I college graduates who. have been will state in advance, is that our trained in the Bible, men who can evangelistic enterprise must be the tie them up in knots when it comes carrying of an individual rather to religious controversy. than what we usually call the social I recognize that in saying this I Gospel. This is closely related to am a heretic of the very first order what I have been saying. In India and that most of the church boards are utterly at variance with what they are anxious to develop along I am saying; but in my opinion it the lines of their own peculiar racial endowment and, therefore, would be far better in Christian they do not want mission schools colleges in India, or China for all which embody our western civili- I know, if the Hindus and the Mo- zation. By the same token they hammedans were forbidden to do not want our western social come to the Bible classes, unless gospel. they are sincerely interested in I am a great believer in the really following Christ, once they Christian social gospel, because as can see their way clear. Sincere a citizen, it is the duty of every inquirers should be we1co.med but Christian to carry responsibility the average students should be for- for political and social and eco- bidden entry, to say nothing of nomic advance. But in so far as compelling them to come. the Arab or Indian mind works Educational work in the past along lines different from yours has not always been a great evan- and mine, by so much it is dangelistic agency but it has been gerous for us to attempt to carry necessary. By means of it we have over into Arabia or India our petrained the native church and by culiar civilization. When westernour mission scho.ols we have con- ers vociferously shout for a social tributed enormously to the advance gospel I marvel that they do not of the backward nations. It has realize the contradiction. In one been one of the finest things we breath they say, "Let us not carry have ever done, but it has not been our western civilization; let us as effective as we wish in evangel- only take Christ over there," and izing those people. In some cases in another breath they say, "Let us it has been carried on in a way that not carry an antiquated individualhas done actual damage. There istic gospel but let us carry the is no reason why we should hesi- finer message of the social gospel." tate to turn over our educational work to the native governments as The social gospel, as' we underrapidly as we can. stand it, is really nothing but an effort to carryover into Arabia or The first conclusion, then, to elsewhere some part of the civili- zation that we know, and that we which we come is that the mission- think will be good for those people. ary enterprise is to become more There are, unquestionably, many and more an evangelistic and less things in our western civilization and less an educational enterprise. that are splendid, and we think that it is the part of Christian com- astonished to see the splendid enpassion to teach them to the people tertainment that you would reover thel'e. ceive. There would be a roasted chicken for each separate guest, Perhaps we would say that the and a splendid outlay of boiled rice simplest and most fundamental and various condiments. Moreover, thing in our civilization, that would on feast days these people are be a universal boon to everyone, dressed in gorgeous clothes. Their is security of life and property. economic situation is so good that This might be said to characterize it is hard to believe that they are western civilization, as opposed to not the owners of those gardens the chaotic situation that we find but only tenants who cultivate in many places abroad. In our them. Christian message we will not only put in the roots but we will also Now let us visit ThaI, in another show some of the fruits of the so- part of Arabia. There we will be cial gospel. At least as Christians entertained by date cultivators we want security of life and prop- again, and the land around ThaI is erty. Is there anyone that would far richer than the date gardens of dispute that as a fundamental, uni- Hassa or Katif. The general sysversal and invariable boon? In tem is the same in that the land is Arabia I think I can show you that owned by one set of men and culthis is not always true. tivated by others. The men who entertain us at ThaI can set before Life and Property in Arabia us only a miserable little dish of boiled rice with a few tough pieces I could take you as a visitor to of meat-and that is the best meal Katif or Hassa, places under the they have had for a month. They rule of Ibn Saud. The characteris- have almost no clothes, are half tic of his rule is that life and prop- starved and one-third clothed, and erty are distinctly not sec u r e live a dog's life. The contrast is according to our western notions. painful. In this community the The chief of Katif, or Ibn Saud date cultivators have been ground himself, can cut off any man's down under the heel of the owners. head, and no cabinet, no legislature and no laws can stop him. A few What is the difference between years ago, the richest man in Katif, the Hassa people who cultivate a Bin J umaa, was arrested by Ibn comparatively barren strip of land Saud's agents and put in prison and are wonderfully well off, and and he has never been seen again. this group at ThaI who cultivate an His property was confiscated, and extraordinarily rich piece of land, thereby the royal exchequer was growing the same crop as our put into order again. In Katif and friends over here but are on the in Hassa, life and property are not ragged edge of starvation all the secure according to any western time? The difference is that life standards. Bin Jumaa's death was and property are more secure in not as a punishment for any crime Thal than in Hassa and Katif. he had committed, but it was the rulers' will that he should die. I will try in a word to show you that this is literally true. That man If we were entertained in the Bin Jumaa in Katif, who was exehome of one of the date cultivators cuted, was a high-handed pirate of in Hassa or Katif, you would be the first order and ought to have died years before he did. In that reduced to the last stage of human country they boil some of their misery. In this particular instance dates in enormous kettles. Bin the laws guaranteeing security of Jumaa came home one night and life and property are not a blessing found that his wife had not pre- to the community. pared supper quite on time, so he pitched her bodily into the boiling There is often an extraordinary kettle. He oppressed the date cul- amount of lip service given to the tivators under him. Debtors had idea that we must carry Christ, to pay their debts absolutely on the His message and His teaching to day. Beggars were not fed in his these people, and not carry our house. Thereby, he became so un- western civilizatio.n. That is true, popular that his death was wel- but that means that we cannot comed by the whole community, carry out what we term our social and his life expectancy sank down gospel-according to our western to zero. ideas. It is not for us to define the outworkings of eternal life in There is no way to replenish the the hearts and lives of all men. We royal treasury quite so easily as by cannot try to revise the social order assassinating a rich man and con- over in Arabia. That will have to fiscating his -property, but if the be revised, but it can only be recommunity still thinks highly of vised safely by the Arab. Every him, the ruler does not do that. If intelligent Indian knows that the he did that two or three times, the social order in India needs a great ruler would lose his head. He must deal of revision but he also knows, maintain his popularity in the com- what we are not so willing to conmunity; otherwise his life is in cede, that that revision is safe only danger. If he oppresses his date in Indian hands when they have cultivators, if he pinches every learned to apply the teachings of debtor, if he kicks beggars off the Christ to daily life. place, the community wishes he would die, and he does die. There- In the rise of nationalism we fore these Katif owners of gardens have a phenomenon that is groware, as a rule, extraordinarily gen- ing and that is going to be the erous in the contracts which they governing factor in practically all arrange with their cultivators. of these mission fields. This means that the missionary enterprise will Over in ThaI, there is security increasingly be evangelistic and of life and property. Nobody is less educational, and that the evangoing to confiscate a date land- gelistic message we carry must of owner's property and cut off his necessity be more and more of a personal Gospel, relating the inhead, no matter how much of a dividual to Christ, rather than a pirate he is. He can starve his date social gospel, as we in the West cultivators to death and nobody is interpret it. going to cut off his head or confiscate his property. Therefore, The second lecture deals with certain impliunder him the date cultivators are cations of the Evangelical Missionary Enter- prise.

"3ff I!!:fJri~t ba~ rtaIl!' taktn up .i~ abobt in a buman btad, ofttn JJt will bt Sttn looking out of tbt winbows!"

A PROTESTANT CHURCH SU NDAY SCHOOL. CAMAJIANI

WHEN CUBA "FELL AMONG THIEVES"

Th e Impressions of a Moderator of the Presbyterian Church BY THE REV. HUGH THOMSON KERR, D.D., Pittsburgh, Pa.

,If oaerator oj th e Presbyteda " Ohu reh. U. S. A.-1980- l 931 ASHORT visit may be better these unsympathetic dignitaries than a long one in leaving in belonged. Then came the Good one's mind clear cut impres- Samaritan-also easily r ecogniz- sions. The danger is that the im- able–who, after beating back the pressions may be too clear cut. thieves, carried the wounded man Certainly the week spent in Cuba to safety, nursed him back to health left in my mind certain well de- and promised "whatsoever thou fined pictures and one of the c1ear- spendest more, when I come again, est is the applicability of the I will repay thee." parable of the Good Samaritan to the past and present of that very It was one of the most gracious acts one nation ever did for an- near and very interesting people other-to set Cuba free, give to and land. her a charter of liberty and send Cuba is the man who fell among her on her way. That act is not forgotten. The anniversary of the thieves who wounded him, stripped blowing up of the "Maine" is still him, and left him half dead beside the roadway. The robbers can observed in Havana with flowers easily be identified. The priest and and music and messages of peace the Levite, who came and saw and goodwill. Yet there is much where he was and passed by on to be desired that is left undone. the other side, are not hard to In the minds of many Cubans the name. There is not much difficulty thought arises that her Good in giving the name of the ancient Samaritan has forgotten. They ecclesiastical organization to which think that the promise "whatso- 421

ever thou spendest more, when I concerned in the deeper issues income again, I will repay thee" has not been adequately fulfilled and volved. . was perhaps after all only an euphemism. The sense of contrast is every- where. The old and the new meet There is restlessness and agita- and mingle. We traveled over one tion in CUba. If there is business of the finest concrete highways in depression in America, there are the world, miles and miles of it, industrial and financial crises in and at the same time we saw men Cuba. The American tariff shut plowing with the ancient instruout Cuba's largest trade-sugar. ment of a far-away ancestry and "The Dance of the Millions" when driving, across soggy fields, wagsugar sold for more than twenty ons with high wheels drawn by cents a pound is now only a mem- oxen, great beasts of the field, two ory. Many sugar mills are silent teams, three teams, four teams. and there now is little sale for Cuba has three and a half million sugar even at one or one and one- people but it could have ten milhalf cents a pound; and "the lions if modern methods in inmourners go about the streets." dustry and agriculture were in use and if education were made a uni- The first impression of Cuba un- versal opportunity. der martial law is far from pleasant. To be asked on every street It was not, however, as an excorner and out in the villages to pert on transportation and sugar purchase a ticket for a lottery sup- and industry that led me to Cuba, ported by the government makes an easy and a pleasant trip only one catch his breath. Emerson two hours distance from America said, "Weak men believe in luck. by air and four or five hours by sea. Strong men believe in cause and effect." If the same law is applied Cuba is an important mission to government then it is a sign of field of the Presbyterian Church weakness on the part of Cuba to in the U. S. A. Its occupancy by distribute every month more than the Board of National Missions half a million dollars and it is a dates back to the freedom of .the sign of weakness in a people who island. If one wishes to have his are taught to think that a chance faith established, his hope inturn of the wheel, a lucky casting spired, and his love fed, let him of the lot, may turn poverty into visit the mission work which makes luxury. Little wonder that there glad the whole island. is social unrest and political agitation. An economic and govern- There is no race question in the mental situation that necessitates Cuban Church. One is soon conthe closing of the schools while new scious of this. Here the black and knowledge is knocking at the door white, the Spaniard and the Cuban, of youth is charged with some sort the Mexican and the Chinese meet of high explosive. America has and mingle, and the Lord is the some responsibility here and that maker of them all. A fine negro responsibility lies not merely in minister and his wife guide one of the economic realm. One can be our finest Spanish-speaking Sunamused in Cuba only if he is un- day-schools and churches. In a re- cent book of fiction it is stated that it takes nine thousand years to make a black man think white and

1931J WHEN CUBA "FELL AMONG THIEVES"

A PROTESTAN'f CUBAN PA!'TOR AND HI!' FAMILY ten thousand centuries to make a Cuban people what should have Chinese think in western terms. been done. That is nonsense. There may be no reason why a black man should Three things especially imthink white or a Chinese think in pressed me as I surveyed the work western terms but one can easily of evangelical Christianity in Hafind black and brown and yellow vana, Matanzas, Cardenas, Cabaifolk in Cuba thinking Christ and guan, Placetas, and Sancti Spirthat is far better. itus.

Christianity has a free field in First of all I was impressed by Cuba and that is all that the church the youth, the devotion, the earasks. Freedom in religion is guar- nestness, and the spiritual and moranteed and that offers a fine oppor- al passion of the Cuban ministry. tunity for evangelical Christianity. Late into the night, in conference The Roman Catholic Church had with these young men, one could centuries of opportunity among the not fail to be impressed with the Cuban people with all the field to seriousness and the spiritual initself. There should now be tensity of the leaders of this young throughout the island schools and church. They are facing a great colleges and hospitals, but the responsibility with a fine construc- Spanish Church gave Cuba no such tive program. The church means gifts and, as far as a fast traveling everything to them and their abidobserver can see, the long estab- ing loyalty to the evangelical Goslished church failed to do for the pel is a joy and a delight. The minister's home is the lighthouse

and the rendezvous of the village lem. It would seem the path of and is the center of light and life. wisdom to train students of the The minister's family mingles with ministry so that they may read the life of the community and cre- English readily and then make ates an atmosphere of cheer and available for the Cuban ministers hope. Here is a letter from the books that will enable them to sat- daughter of one of these pastors, isfy their intellectual cravings.

a young girl of sixteen: The mission boards would do well Many days ago I was thinking to to think out some way by which write to you but I did not know when pastors in isolated fields may be you were going to get home. I hope supplied with Christian literature. someday we can see you again. We Second, I was impressed with the never can forget you anymore and will multitude of children and youth in be very glad if you could come back all the congregations and schools and stay. We thanks the Lord He visited. One could almost say that gives so many blessings· to us and know all the members of the church the Cuban Church is a young peomeet together every night to pray and ple's church. This may be because we can see the Lord's presence with us. Our services are being better of the close association of the every day and' more people are learn- school and the Church. Perhaps it ing about our Lord Jesus Christ and grows out of the fact that many of be saved, Please remember us, always the ministers of the Cuban Church when you are in prair. Last Sunday we are yfuungand keep vitar"conhad in the principal church two hun- tacts with childhood and youth. Perhaps it grows out of the fact dred and ·sixty. In the Sunday-school that the Church offers an outlet of Mission we had two hundred and six, hope and joy for youth. Certainly so all together were fourth hundred one is impressed by the interested and sixty-six that heared the Sunday- multitudes of children and young school leesson just one time. Excuse people who look up from their my mistakes they are many but you places in the Church and school, know I can't do it very well, but you alert and eager and intensely recan't understand Spanish, and this is sponsive. This speaks well for the a practice for me too. Church. Already sufficient interest This speaks for itself regarding in these young people has been the spiritual atmosphere of the aroused that one of the churches minister's home out of which power at home has provided funds for a comes. Probably the most press- conference for young people after ing issue of these young men who the order of the summer confer- are laying the foundations of the ences which have meant so much evangelical Church in Cuba is their to the young people of the churches hunger for books. Many of them in North America. This confer- do not read English; some read it ence for young people ought to with difficulty and only a few with mark a forward step in the life and ease. The proper religious litera- training of the youth of the Chris- ature is hard to find in Spanish. tian Church in Cuba.

Translations are slow and expen- The third thing that lives in my sive and many of these young men memory is the radiancy of the re- long for the key that will open the ligion of the Christian people of door to a larger intellectual world. the Cuban Church. Youth has We must help them solve this prob- something to do with it. Perhaps

WHEN-CUBA "FELL AMONG THIEVES"

the singing soul of the people dis- There are some four thousand English-speaking people in the city covers a ready expression ·in the of Havana. . They come from all music of the Gospel but certainly parts of the world; from the one finds a sense of joy, or uplift, United States, Canada, Great Britof kindly humor that makes fellow- ain, Australia. A fine piece of land ship easy and worship a delight. has been bought on the boulevard I brought back from Cuba more and there is hope that when more than I took; pictures and photo- prosperous days return tha.t a suitgraphs, lizard skins and snake belts,flowers and memories and able new edifice will ·· be erected enduring friendships. If a singing thereon. Behind this Union .Church SOME MODERN CUBAN CHRTS'l'lANS-PRESBYTERIAN WORKERS army is a victorious army, then a there are consecrated men and singing Church also is a trium- women who not only help forward phant Church, and it would be well the Gospel message among the peofor the home Church to listen in ple of all denominations but who, to the Hallelujah Chorus of the by their contributions, prayers and young Church in Cuba. Well done, sympathy, undergird and support mission boards, arise and enter in- the splendid program of the misto a fuller occupancy! sion churches. To strengthen this Union Church will be to strengthen A word should be spoken con- the whole cause of Christ in Cuba. cerning the Union Church in Cuba.

Every mason in the quarry, every builder on the shore, Every woodman in the forest, every boatman at the oar, Hewing wood and drawing water, splitting stones and clearing sod; All the dusty ranks of labor in the regiment of God, March togetlier toward His temple, do the task His hands prepare; Honest toil is holy service; faithful work is praise and prayer.

-Henry Van Dyke.

STANLEY SAW AFRICAN WOUANHOOD AXD THE AFRICAN

FOLLOWING STANLEY AFTER FIFTY YEARS BY MRS. JOHN M. SPRINGER, Likasi, Central Africa ConfJO .Mission of th e .jffethodi~t Episcop(fl Ohurch STANLEYl Livingstone! Mag- intimate companionship with Liv- ic names. Stranger by far ingstone, "As to the report of his than the tales in Arabian African marriage, it is unneces- Nights, is Stanley's account of sary to say more than that it is "How I Found Livingstone." untrue, and it is utterly beneath a Stranger even than the fingers on gentleman even to hint of such a the wall in ancient Babylon was thing in connection with the name that interview of Stanley's with of Dr. Livingstone."

James Gordon Bennett. Who but That commission to find Livinga character like that of the great stone was the making of Stanley. journalist would have given such The crude war correspondent beterse instructions: "Find Uving- came another man from the day stone." that he stiffly removed his hat and How we used to thrill over Stan- greeted the man for whom he had ley's travels! We came across this been searching for more than two testimony of Stanley which ought years. Livingstone did not preach to be published widely owing to to Stanley in words but his life slander recently broadcasted in a changed Stanley's life completely.

popular volume. Stanley had heard We have read and reread those rumors and writes after weeks of heavy tomes: "How I found Liv- 426

FOLLOWING STANLEY AFTER FIFTY YEARS

ingstone," "Through Darkest Af- Stanley and Livingstone! The rica," "Through the Dark Conti- two names will always be coupled nent" and the accounts of his together. Those two men more founding the Congo Free State and than any others turned the eyes of the final search for Emin Pasha. the whole world to Central Africa We wept with him over the unnec- and through them was brought the essary death of Frank, brought on cure for "the open sore of the by his own daring and self-confi- world." It is not yet healed. The dence that refused the advice of a cure will not be in the governments native. The canoe carrying him which have done much, nor in the was swept into that caldron of large concessions to commercial boiling waters below the fatal falls. companies whose methods are of- We saw Stanley fighting .his way ten more irritating than soothing down to the mouth of the Congo and healing, but it is the Spirit and alone, a sallow, walking skeleton Gospel of Jesus Christ. and we have come to appreciate the shock of how ghastly the faces The Congo Jubilee Conference at of our own race can seem after Kinshasa in September, 1928, months of seeing only the rich, brought us to Stanley Pool for the chocolate faces of the natives. We first time. There we met men who can also understand how the sight had seen Stanley himself-men of his own white face struck terror like the Rev. Joseph Clark and the into the hearts of the brown- Rev. Ross Phillips. We sat one skinned Bantus. No wonder they day on the beautiful grounds of thought him a ghost. the Swedish Mission on the French side of the pool, and listened won- CHRISTIAN WOMANHOOD IN A~'RICA TODAY-AT LOVEDALE

deringly at the account by Dr. went to the conference, had been Clark of how Stanley first came to completed to their station. Until that very spot. We looked at the recently they had never dreamed gentle, refined face of the delicate of a motor road. Now it was done, man before us and tried to recast but alas! they had no car. A little the scene of forty-eight years pre- hand car that had been sent for viously, looking down on the beau- Mrs. Bowskill reminded us of the tiful pool and the magnificent rap- backaches we had had riding over ids roaring and surging into the many a hundred miles in the same narrow confines of the hills below. kind of pousse-pousse. It would take them two days of walking, so Youth today often imagines that we decided to offer to drive them heroism is born for the first time over. It was a rough road but it in them. But here was this intrep- only took us a little over two hours id youth surrounded by some of to drive there. the fiercest savages, with his life hanging in the balance. On the As we honked our way into the other side of the pool were the mission station which, with its white tents of Stanley's camp but Eucalyptus trees, looked like an it was no plan of the wicked chief oasis in the desert, crowds of Banto let these two white men meet tu boys and girls, young men and each other. It is evident that he maidens poured out of the buildplanned at first to kill the youth ings and surrounded the car, all who had corne into his territory. talking at once. What a contrast The young man saw the plotting of these students were to the savage the chief and felt that the end was hordes whose canoes shot from the near. He found all his own car- shore with the cannibal yell, "Nyriers taken over to the other side ama, Nyama" (meat, meat), when and himself surrounded by these Stanley came in sight. bloodthirsty men. Neither he nor anyone else wiH ever know why the It was worth the extra time and chief finally let him go. gas consumed to see the very wheels that Stanley had used for The Ground That Stanley Trod hauling his iron boats around the roaring rapids in the mighty river. Once more we stood on ground Stanley had an army of men with Stanley had trod when we visited him when he made those roads the English Baptist Mission Sta- through the jungle and it took two tion at Wathen. We had sent our hundred menta haul the bOats Ford car down by train to Thys- overland. ville as there was no motor Toad between Thysville and Kinshasa. Mr. Bowskill stood on tlie very A trainload of missionaries got off spot where the agreements were the train at Thysville to spend the signed that inaugurated the Congo night for that dinky little narrow Free State. Free ! Who was free? gauge road is dangerous for run- Not the natives for many years as ning in the dark. We got the car they slaved to supply Leopold's deoff the trucks and ready for the mand for rubber. Yet under all horne trip, and the Bowskills, who the cruelty of foreign domination, had followed closely in Stanley's there was another group of heroic steps, learned that the motor road men and women who brought to which had been started before they them the real freedom which

breaks the yoke of Satan and the ploit the natives. These same shackles of sin. young men and women, the mis- sionary youth of yesterday, neither Before the coming of the white feared the cannibals to whom they man these Africans had had free- went first nor the corrupt men of dom to fight and kill and eat each their own race who came next. other and had used that freedom to Fever stalked abroad hand in hand the limit. No life was safe. Witch- with dysentery but no one left his craft helped in the killing process. post on account of either, unless Terrors of men and devils kept the carried away by main force. unfortunates in a seething caldron of fear day and night. It was a welcome day for all when the government of that great After Stanley had left the coun- section of Central Africa, one of try and the Government was in the the richest spots in the world in hands of Leopold and his group, AFRICANS INSPECTING THE MISSION FORD AT THYSVILLIll another woe was sounded. Men indigenous resources, passed out of and women went to the swamps Leopold's hands into that of the and staggered over the mountain Belgian Government and became a trails either for or with red rub- Belgian Colony. It was a far call ber. I am inclined to believe, from from that spot where Stanley what I heard and saw myself that signed his agreements with the the pictures of suffering entailed chiefs and the Wathen Mission Stawere not overdrawn. tion and the Congo BeIge of today.

Now the missionary is no longer The Belgian Congo is not Utopia surrounded by hostile natives. even yet. The fight between right Sometimes the hostilities are now and wrong, between freedom and from those of his own race for he oppression, between the weak and is emphatically a meddling· nui- the strong, between sin and rightsance in the eyes of those who ex- eousness is still on and, while con-

ditions have changed outwardly, at Likasi by motor car, the first to the missionaries must battle with come through that way. The road and for their people. had only been finished two weeks before we passed over some sec- Wathen Station, with its hun- tions of it. But Africa will not be dreds of bright youths, can be dup- redeemed and freed by motor licated by hundreds of similar roads. The redemption must come centers all over the Congo today. from within through Jesus Christ and the knowledge of that redemp- In addition to them there are the tion is to come through the thouthousands of village schools and sands of little churches and schools churches under native teachers and preachers. Many of these churches ONE WAY Ole RF.T.TEVTNG THE SUFFERINGS OF AFRICAN TOILERS are already self-propagating, self- and from the larger training cengoverning and self-supporting. ters where the youth of Africa is in training for leadership. One of Those who have known the free- the greatest needs is for more misdom that is to be found in Christ sionaries to train these native men Jesus now number hundreds of and women so that larger numbers, thousands in the Congo. with far more effectiveness, may go out into the highways and by- The railroads and motor roads ways and bring their own people are a great help in opening Cen- to the feet of the Master. tral Africa. We traveled 2,000 miles and returned to our station The present difficult circumstance, which presses so hard against us (if surrendered to Christ), is the well shaped tool in the Father's hand to shape us for eternity. Let us trust him, then, and not push away the instrument lest we lose the glorious effect of His work.

– THE LAND OF KING

A TRAVEL LETTER BY DR. GEORGE T. SCOTT ASHooiute /·,'CCf·ctfWU I)f tile l'n'Hbyt('tian B(J(lr([ of Foreign iJli88iotl8 King Prajadhipok and Queen Ramabaibarni, the genial and enlightened rulers of Siam, are now visiting America, where the king has been successfully operated upon for the removal of a cataract. King Prajadhipok is a graduate of Oxford University, England, and has proved an efficient ruler of almost the only absolute monarchy left in the world. Dr. Scott visited Siam recently and has given his impressions here.-EDITOR.

T HIS little land of about eleven monarchy left in the world. For- million people seems simple, tunately the king, like hili two and yet it eludes definite char- predecessors, is a highly enlightacterization and analysis. The ened, progressive and benevolent Siamese may be described as pleas- ruler. He and his corps of apant, friendly, complacent or satis- pointed Ministers and Councilors fied, easy-going, relaxed or unam- of State (mostly princes of blood bitious. They impress a visitor as royal) are industrious, intelligent being contented. For this there are leaders of their loyal subjects. A many reasons, e. g., the warm sun typical tale is told of the king visitand rich soil; the ubiquitous, thor- ing in a foreign land. ough-going Buddhism seeking the annihilation of desire and avoiding "We have one of your princes liv- ing here," he was informed.'

all acts that might possibly retard "What does he do?" inquired the the individual's progress upward king. in the scale of reincarnations; the wide-spread malaria and hook- "Nothing!" was the reply. worm, which sap vitality, physical "Then he does not belong to us," His Majesty rejoined. "We work."

and mental. The Presbyterian All the royal family work for the Mission cooperated with the Gov- welfare and advancement of their ernment and the Rockefeller Foun- country. The heir-apparent, Prince dation in the study of hookworm, Songkla, brother of the king, over· looking toward its eradication. One worked at his medical studies in physician had one hundred persons America and untimely death preselected at random to test; ninety- vented his service in relieving hu- seven showed unmistakable hook- man suffering in Siam. worm and the other three de- "American mIsSIOnaries have camped! It is said that the army as a whole showed more than done more for the advancement of eighty-five per cent infected. The my people than any other foreign Government is trying to overcome influence," was the public statethe prevalent diseases (which ex- ment of King Chulalongkorn, the act a very heavy toll of infants and great leader of Siam's renaissance. children) and thus to counteract This is typical of the high regard the resultant defects in life and in which, from the early begincharacter, and to lead the nation nings a century ago, missionaries forward. have been held by both rulers and people. Probably in no other coun- Siam is about the only absolute try has there been such friendIi- 431

ness of feeling, intimacy of contact lined a course of training girls to and desire of cooperation between develop the finest kind of women government and mISSIOns. Al- to lead home and family and to though Siam is frankly a Buddhist make the highest sort of State. The land with no separation of religion government aims to avoid what from State, there is freedom of appears to be an excess of higher conscience with no official effort to education for both men and women make Buddhism the exclusive reli- in many other countries. Now the gion. Christianity is free to ex- Government is inaugurating two tend by every fair means. In many years of junior college work of a pieces of missionary educational, professional and pre-professional medical and welfare work, the nature. highest officials of the government generously cooperate with gifts and Through these and other chanenthusiastic commendation, and nels of meeting human needs the the institutions are unrestricted in religious instruction and worship. great message of Christ's spiritual Gospel is practised and proclaimed. The Government must realize Direct preaching is a very vital that the Christian missionaries are part of the mission program. The the best and truest foreign friends fruitage of evangelism in recent that the people have, and that to years, as measured by the common them is due much of the impetus but insufficient scale of church and program of the great national membership, has not been large. reforms. Not only has there been To become a Christian openly is the indirect influence of institu- not easy in a Buddhist family and tions and processes which serve as state, and in the eyes of the new suggestions and models but also nationalism, Christianity still apmissionaries and their sons have pears foreign and adherence to it acted frequently as unofficial or of- unpatriotic. The s e inhibitions ficial advisers of Government. would be largely removed if the Church were to become ecclesiasti- Among the many things intro- cally independent of the Church duced by the missionary, and which in America. While the numerical Siam is increasingly developing as strength of the Siamese Church is her own, are modern medicine and not large, it has well-trained public health in which the country younger leaders (lay and clerical) is making steady strides forward, who are coming into places of insegregation and care of lepers of fluence and are beginning to feel a whom there are a large number, group consciousness and responsiproper obstetrics and care of chil- bility which are moving them out dren, both .of which are sadly de- into an aggressive campaign for fective, the equality of women (to Christ. The future looks bright for whom Buddhism offers next to progress. nothing) who must build the new homes of a renewed nation, and Myriads of yellow-robed priests modern education in which the walk the streets and the hundreds Government is purposely proceed- of temples (called Wats) dot the ing slowly and carefully along lines landscape. The lands of the Orient suited to the needs of the people. are very religious and none more Prince Damrong, uncle of the king and his close counselor, has out- so than Siam. An occidental is amazed, appalled and shamed by the oriental's devotion to and sac-

SIAM-THE LAND 01<' KING PRAJADHIPOK

rifice for his spiritual belief. The from the present-day world of strenuous affairs. The great mass priests are noticeably young, par- of her people are blandly uncon- scious of the complexities and perticularly thase that walk the streets plexities of this twentieth century. Another reason may be that the at dawn with their bowls present- Government has placed prohibitive import duties upon movements that ing to the faithful the privilege of disturb other lands. There seems to be no trouble over capital and making an offering to the support labor, scale of living, over-produc- tion, collapse of markets, military of holy men, which offering will budgets, threats of war, unemploy- ment, partisan politics and similar "make merit" to offset sins and to commotions common in other coun- tries. The great question is Chiadvance along the almost endless nese immigration; almost half the people in Bangkok are Chinese and generations to "Enlightment." they form a large part of every city and town. They control Siam's They do not beg for food but commerce and trade, which they have patiently earned by intellimerely offer opportunity for im- gent, unremitting industry, work- ing early and late with a mental provement in the next transmigra- and physical vigor that defies com- petition by the nationals. tion. Most of these youths are Royalty and Missions in Siam neophytes under instruction in the King Prajadhipok, of Siam, who Wat schools and may remain in the is now visiting America, has be- stowed his favor upon the Presby- . priesthood only a few years. Thou- terian Mission work there. His predecessor on the throne gave his sands of priests walk or stand and own title to the Mission College at Chiengmai, naming it the Prince stare, chanting prayers in archaic Royal College. King Prajadhipok is not a Christian but he attendlanguage; but I could not find one ed the Centennial Celebration of Christian work in Siam in 1928 or learn of one who was doing any- and spoke appreciatively concern- ing it. This year the queen invited thing to help humanity in any the entire Jane Hays Memorial School of Bangkok (a branch of practical way; priests are above, the Presbyterian Mission) to join in her birthday celebration, prebeyond and outside of the mundane sented prizes to four of the girls, and gave a year's tuition to the one realm and think and live in the who won the highest number of points in the games. sphere of detached spirit. One's Prince Dhani, Minister of Eduheart goes out to those thousands of youths with their expressionless faces viewing the world as illusion but with their evident potentiality for constructive contact with the world of reality.

The temples a:re of all sorts and conditions. In the court of the Wat of the Emerald Buddha at the Royal Palace in Bangkok are ex- Quisite multi – colored structures glistening in iridescent sunlight.

Many, perhaps most, Wats show their age, with buildings in need of repair and grounds neglected.

This may be because the priests are indifferent to their physical surroundings.

The aloof separateness of the Wat, the indifferent complacency of the ever-present priest, the sheer other-worldiness of Bud- dhistic philosophy, may account at least in part for Siam's detachment 3 .

cation, has also visited several mis- Luke in every home that could be sion schools, and praised the work. reached. About 11,000 copies of An official visitor to the leper home Luke in Siamese and 1,000 in at Sritamarat made himself re- Malay and Chinese were distrib- sponsible for the complete furnish- uted. In another section 5,000 ing of the operating room in the copies of the Gospel of John were hospital. used. This was followed up by Large liberty is enjoyed in reli- mimeograph monthly let t e r s. gious teaching, though students are Bangkok workers report that not the least of the year's results was often from the princely classes. the revival of evangelism. At Chi- The now venerable Prince Dam- engrai Siamese leaders have organrong, the long-time friend of ized a Gospel Team. American missionaries, is continu- ing his kindly interest in the mis- The two advanced schools for sion. girls, Wattana Wittaya at Bang- No national Siam church exists kok and Dara Wittaya at Chiengas yet, but more national respon- mai, report a good year. Siam is sibility is being assumed by Sia- waking up to the fact that girls mese and Chinese. The semicen- need an education, hence the tennial celebration of the founding schools are crowded. Both schools of Lampang church was carried on report an active religious life solely by the Siamese believers. among the students.

Schools at Sritamarat, Pitsanuloke, Mission hospitals are operated Chiengmai, Nan and elsewhere re- at each of the 10 stations of the port excellent service from Siamese Presbyterian Mission. Tn Bangkok principals and the large majority other medical provision is avail- of teachers are nationals. able, but an important maternity An increasing number of nation- center is maintained, together with al Christians are accepting the re- a medical health service and a medsponsibility of governing and car- ical clinic. Two important leper inrying on the established work of stitutions are maintained with the Chiengmai. This gives the mis- cooperation of the American Missionary an opportunity to devote sion to Lepers. Both institutions time to advance phases of the work need further equipment, inexpeninstead of holding only that which sive but essential.

has already been won. In many The first meeting of the Nation- ways, the national constituency is al Christian Council of Siam brings showing not only its ability, but its this land into closer fellowship desire to assume more and more of with others. As a result of the vis- the financial responsibility. A true it of Dr. John R. Mott for the or- indigenous or national church is ganization of this Council, the Y.

well on its way to realization in M. C. A. has entered Bangkok.

Siam. The Presbyterian Mission is al- Touring evangelism was carried most the only Protestant Chrisian on dUring the past year from Srita- work among the 11,000,000 sub- marat by train, motor lorry, pa- jects of King Prajadhipok, who is nies, boats, coolies, on foot and one of the world's few remaining even by swimming flooded streams. absolute monarchs in this country The aim was to place a Gospel of of 200,000 square miles.

PRESENT CRISIS IN MISSION

BY THE EDITOR REMARKABLE changes have extend its life to the "uttermost taken place since the days part of the earth"; or would the when William Carey and infant enterprise languish and die twelve fellow ministers formed the for want of vitality and nourish- first English "Society for Propo- ment at home? Gradually the gating the Gospel Among the Church was aroused and responded Heathen." That was a time of feebly. Pioneers went forth in crisis for the Church and for the faith, like Abraham, not knowing world. Christ had come on His whither they went. They wrote life-giving mission nearly nineteen home stories that stirred the hearts hundred years before. He had of Christians – reports of adven- given the command to His disciples ture, of hardship, of ignorance and to evangelize the world; He had superstition, of dangers encoun- promised His presence and His tered and fierce opposition to their powers to those who obeyed. Still message. In those days practically five whole continents and the is- all of the nonChristian lands were lands of the sea were almost in not only unevangelized, but un- total ignorance of His message of occupied. Many representatives of life and love. A few Roman Cath- the Church of Rome had traveled olic missionaries had gone on the in distant fields, but almost no at- great adventure; the Dutch had tempt had been made by Protestant colonized South Africa; Christian Christians to reach Moslems, Hin- Europeans had settled in parts of dus, Buddhists, Shintoists, Taoists America; Moravians had opened and Animists. The Christians in stations in Greenland, Iceland and Europe and America were for the the West Indies; some Danish most part ignorant and indifferent Lutherans had founded a mission as to the condition and fate of these in India-but that was all. The millions whom Christ came to save.

world was far from evangelized. Some church leaders even argued The missionary enterprise was that it was not our business to born through the moving of the interfere with God's plans for the Spirit of God in the hearts of His heathen.

servants, but the infant enterprise It was a time of crisis. The faced many difficulties and dan- Church had come to a fork in the gers. In the Church there was road; the life of the missionary strong opposition to such a pre- enterprise was in the balance.

sumptuous and impossible under- Would the Church respond to the taking. There were also countless call? Would men volunteer to go?

enemies to be met in the fields Could missionaries gain a foot- where missionaries sought to win hold among these hostile heathen?

converts for their Master. Could Would they survive the dangers to the new-born project of the Church health? Could the pagans be truly survive such tests of vitality? converted and built up into a Here was the crisis of infancy. strong church? It waS a crisis due Could the Christian Church over- to apparently closed doors, to pre- come opposition and dangers and vailing ignorance at home, to un- 435

certainity and to inaction. History ized; the Laymen's and Young has shown how the Christians of People's missionary movements Europe and America responded followed. Missionary societies of and how the promise of Christ was all denominations came together to fulfilled-by the opening of doors, study the whole world problem and the enlistment of workers, the to cooperate in seeking a solution. breaking down of opposition, the The Ecumenical Conference in conversion of individuals and the 1900 gave the enterprise a new transformation of communities. standing and silenced many critics. Ten years later came the Edin- About a half century ago there burgh Conference that developed came another crisis in missionary the study of the science of mishistory. The infant enterprise had sions. The Jerusalem Conference survived and had grown. Much of followed to emphasize the developthe pioneering had been accom- ment of national churches in misplished. The Church at home had sion lands. International and ingiven evidence of new vitality and terdenominational cooperation has opportunities abroad had enlarged. been promoted by the International Women had entered the mission Missionary Council, and the Nafield to minister to women and chil- tional Christian Councils in the dren. The power of the Gospel to mission fields, to study problems transform people of every race and and policies and to advance with condition had been proved. But a united program. The crisis of the missionary work was largely youth has passed, with thanksgivindividualistic and wholly inade- ing to God for His direction and quate. There was danger lest the the evidence of His power to overgreatness of the opportunity might come. weaken the enterprise. Here was the crisis of youth. Would the The Crisis of Maturity Christians of Europe and America take advantage of the enlarged op- Today we face a new crisis in portunity? W 0 u I d unfriendly Nle history of the Church and in critics of missions discourage the the work of missions. It is the churches or would the critics be crisis of maturity. The adventures silenced ? Would Christians study of pioneering days have almost disthe fields and the methods of ap- appeared. All doors are openproach more earnestly and intellic with the exception of Tibet and gently so as to discover the needs Afghanistan. The unenlightened and how to meet them ? Would the critics have been put to shame and Christian youth volunteer with even nonChristian governments their lives and would Christian lay- have testified to the beneficial inmen respond with their substance fluence of Christianity on the inadequately to meet the situation? tellectual, social and moral life of their people. Mission hospitals and Again this crisis was success- schools have brought blessing to fully passed. The churches were millions that would otherwise have aroused and responded. The Stu- continued in ignorance and sufferdent Volunteer Movement was ing. Four million living converts formed that has enlisted for the are now enrolled in the churches in foreign fields over 12,000 workers. nonChristian lands and these in- Missionary literature grew; many clude some world renowned Ieadnew sending societies were organ-

THE PRJ<::SENT CRISIS IN MISSION LANDS

ers. Churches in the homelands 3. The Crisis in the Churches in have been brought together in a Mission Lands.

united missionary program; books 4. The Crisis in the Home Base and newspapers, students from Churches. abroad and travelers visiting mis- sion lands have made us familiar The Crisis in Mission Lands with world conditions and have de- Any traveler or student of world veloped an understanding of the conditions needs no argument to other man's point of view. The Christian Church has become in- prove that the world itself is at a diginous in the mission fields. crisis.

But today is a day of awakening 1. There is, today, a world-wide youth, a day of scientific investiga- awakening. The ignorance, lethtion, of realism, of skepticism, of argy, and subjection of the masses revision and revolt. The mission- to the favored few or to things as ary enterprise has survived the they have been, is a thing of the threatened dangers of infancy and past. Our recent world journey of youth. revealed everywhere this spirit of What are the dangers that unrest and a desire for change.

threaten its' further development, 1. This is almost universally perchance its very life, in this day true in the political world and is of maturity? The questions arise- no doubt traceable to the influence Shall we retreat or advance? Shall of the World War, to the progress we revise our misisonary ideals, of education, to the rising spirit of our main purpose, our policies, democarcy and to the desire of all our methods? Some are asking people to share in the benefits enanew if the world after all needs joyed in the most favored classes the Gospel of Christ. Is the Gos- or nations. In Egypt and the Sudan, pel effective as a world force to riots are suppressed only with a bring enlightenment, peace, justice strong hand; in Syria the spirit and satisfaction? The World War of revolt against French control has taken the scales from many s I urn be r s but is not quenched; eyes and has revised standards of Palestine is a caldron where Arab life. The crisis of maturity comes oil and Jewish water refuse to mix; from a temptation to complacency; Arabia is in revolt against the Sulfrom an inclination to question the tan, Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud; India need for such sacrifice. Men are is still seething with revolt against inclined to cast aside all beliefs and British rule and insistently destandards and to try new theories mands self-government; Moslems of life and liberty. and Hindus vie with each other for In this day of change and re- supremacy; Burma has recently vision we see Christian missions been the scene of riots and rebelfaced by a fourfold crisis. It is a lion; China is torn in all directions time when the enterprise is again by civil war and is the hotbed of in the balance, or at a fork in the pirates, bandits and communists; roads. Let us consider this four- revolution has recently changed fold crisis and how it is to be met. the governments of Turkey, Ger- 1. The Crisis in Mission Land.~. many, Italy, Greece, Serbia, Ire- 2. The Crisis in Missionary Pol· land and Spain. Russia is the icies. Esau among the nations-her hand

against every natioH and every na- cult. This is true in Japan and tion's hand against her. The Latin China, in India and Burma, in American republics are the scenes Persia and Europe. The financial of continued political revolution; depression in lands from which the seeds of rebellion are not ab- missionaries come increases the sent from the United States of problem of adequate support for America and are growing in Great the work. Australia is threatened Brit3,in and the nations of Europe. with bankruptcy, due largely to This universal political unrest prodigal spending. The unemploymay not be wholly evil, but it di- ment problems in England and verts attention from the pursuits North America have 'caused much of peace and makes missionary suffering and have helped to bring work more difficult. In China, for a great decrease in gifts to mis- example, the civil war, riots and sions. The economic depression banditry have resulted in the re- also offers opportunity for worldcent murder of ten or more mis- wide communistic propaganda.

sionaries, in the capture of some 3. The social upheaval in mis- twenty-five others held for ransom, sion lands is another element in the in the looting or destruction of crISIS. Not only has the revolu- churches, schools, and residences tion in Russia elevated the pro- and in the defiling of many of the letariat at the expense of the mission buildings by ruthless sol- intelligentsia but throughout Asia diers. The Chinese pastors, stu- the depressed classes are looking dents and other Christians have with disfavor on the unequal dis- been molested and some of them tribution of wealth and are de- have been killed. It is a critical manding their rights. The social time in every disturbed land. order in India that has for cen- World-Wide Depression turies prevailed, is being chal- lenged. While villages still observe 2. There is also a crisis in mis- caste restrictions, with the advance sion lands due to world-wide eco- of education and the increase of nomic depression. This is the intercommunication, these caste result of war and national debts, rules are difficult to enforce in of drought and floods, of over-pro- cities. At the Round Table Con- duction and selfish competition, of ference in London, caste was dis- unemployment and foolish extrava- regarded by Indian delegates who gance. Korea, for example, is be- agreed to work for its abolition ing materially developed by the when India obtains self-govern- Japanese while the Koreans are ment. This involves many difficul- being impoverished by taxation ties for education is required to and by the introduction of ma- train outcastes in habits of cleanli- chinery which makes hand labor ness and the present social system less in demand. This condition of India requires sweepers to clean makes the development of self- latrines and do similar disagree- supporting churches very difficult. able duties before modern sanita- In all Asiatic lands the masses are tion is generally introduced. Many held down under grinding poverty. social reforms have been intro- While the economic life of some is duced in all mission fields-includ- being raised, that of a still larger ing new marriage laws and the number is being made more diffi- rights of women. But with new

THE PRESENT CRISIS IN MISSION LANDS

liberty to women, without old so- "lose face." Youth is in the saddle.

cial restrictions, there come also Will the result be a dash for liberty many dangers. and a fall, or will the situation 4. The intellectual crisis in mis- come under wise control and evension lands is due to the growth of tuate in intelligent leadership?

education and the introduction of The Present Religious Crisis new ideas from the West. This increased enlightenment has led to 5. The religious crisis in these the breaking down of superstition, mission lands is even more immi- the acceptance of modern science, nent and important. With the in- and the growth of literacy with all troduction of modern education, that it involves. Children are be- the old religious superstitions and coming more sophisticated than customs are bound to go. Idolatry their parents and are breaking must be discarded. The obscene away from parental control. The symbolism and songs and the mor- growth and adoption of new ideas al evils associated with the temples is seen in every mission field, es- in India stand discredited; the pecially perhaps in such lands as ceremony of bathing in filthy Turkey where the whole order and temple tanks and rivers, is already ideal of education have changed. disapproved as breeding disease; Formerly it was illegal to translate the support of parasitic priests in the Koran which was the chief Hindu and Buddhist lands cannot textbook in the schools. N ow it is continue indefinitely. A Ire a d y discarded and the sacred Arabic many temples in India are losing script is replaced by the Roman patronage; hundreds of temples in alphabet, thus closing the door on China are falling into decay or are the past while opening wide the being used for secular purposes; door to modern literature-much in Japan, Shinto worship is being of which is corrupting and athe- accepted as a patriotic rite and istic. Buddhists are imitating Christian The effect of this 'intellectual songs and methods. Even among crisis is seen in a marked degree Moslems the old fanaticism is dein China, where the old Confucian creasing, confidence in the perfecstandards of education have been tion of Mohammed and in the final discarded in favor of modern phil- authority of the Koran is passing, osophy and science. As a result, and reform sects are declaring that everything old and formerly re- while Islam is supreme, all religions vered is being relegated to the are really one. In Africa and the scrap-heap. Students of modern- Pacific Isles, ignorant spirit worism have become self-confident and ship and witchcraft break down aggressive and take delight in under the influence of modern eduiconoclasm. Student strikes are cation.

common in both government and Not only are old beliefs dying mission schools. Resignations of out, and with them many evil cus- presidents and professors are de- toms, but there are passing also manded ; scholastic degrees are many safeguards and regulations considered more desirable than for conduct. There is danger that character or intelligence; faculties all religion may be discarded for are asked to pass students who do a rationalistic and materialistic not meet requirements, less they philosophy of life. This tendency

is seen in an extreme form in Rus- be laid in truth and will more abidsia where Communistic leaders ing and satisfactory superstruchave come out for atheism and tures be built according to "the anti-God societies h a v e bee n pattern in the mount"? Will the formed. Religion is declared to basis of the new structure be mire be a tool of imperialistic capitalism and quicksand rather than rock, and an "opiate of the people." Not and will buildings of wood, hay only is the teaching of religion to and stubble rise instead of stone children forbidden, but the youth and steel? are trained to break down faith in Christ and in all Christian beliefs II. This crisis in mission lands and customs. The results are is also affected by the new and shown in the disregard for truth more intimate contacts of all naand for parental authority, in the tions, races and religions. Isolalight value placed on life, in the tion is a thing of the past. breaking down of morality and the Whether we will or no, each man rejection of all ethical standards is, in some degree, his brother's for life other than those imposed keeper. Where one hundred years by the State. Russia proclaims ago it required seven months to itself a union of Soviet Socialist reach a distant field, today the Republics, but is in reality a des- whole globe can be circled in three potism, and anarchy is controlled weeks in a zeppelin. Where it only by force. In China, India, formerly took a year for letters to Japan, Moslem lands and else- travel, the radio and cable can where, the Christian missionary bring news to the most remote outtoday not only faces the antago- stations in a few minutes. Stanley nism of false religions, but must took three years to find Livingmeet the bitter attacks of anti-re- stone, but today a wireless is set ligious forces. Many young people up in Central Africa and a convereducated in modern colleges at sation is held with Chicago. As a home and in foreign lands have result we not only know what is discarded all religion and now use happening in remote lands almost their intellectual training to fight before it occurs, but the influence Christianity and the missionary of of a battle, a market depression, a Christ. China and Turkey have change in government or a disrequired the exclusion of all reli- aster is felt almost immediately gion from mission schools and col- around the world. If the women leges; Japan and Persia have in America stop wearing silk, it passed laws for the same purpose causes suffering in the villages of and In d i a may discriminate Japan. World-wide travel and disagainst Christianity when self-rule semination of news increases the senses of friendliness or of fricis established. tion. The exclusion law passed in All mission lands, and particu- Washington immediately c au sed anti-American demonstrations in larly the peoples of Asia and Africa, Japan while friendly acts, as in the time of the earthquake, open are in a state of unrest and trans- wide the doors. ition. New forces are coming into play. Old things are passing These closer contacts also help away; an things are becoming to spread disease. It is said that new. Will the new civilizations be the deadI;v influenza epidemic of ynstabl!, or will better foundations

THE PRESENT CRISIS IN MISSION LANDS

1918, which wrought such world- as painted. Books written to show wide havoc, started in central Asia. the b e aut i e s of nonChristian The spread of leprosy and plague faiths, and advocating eclecticism, must be guarded against by rigid have also had an effect of weaken- quarantine; atheistic or commu- ing the conviction of some as to the nistic propaganda e a s i I y and need for Christian missions. Many rapidly spreads from east to west books, magazine articles and lec- and north to south. As in days of tures, written to entertain, show old the same ship carried to Africa only the picturesque side of non- strong drink and Bibles, so today Christian peoples and overlook the the same post carries truth and sordid, the false elements in their falsehood, C h r i s t ian and anti- religions and their lack of power Christian influences. to save men from sin and death.

The Mixture of Faiths For those who accept this view, the nerve of missions is cut at home III. Another factor in this and the people in mission lands are crisis in mission lands, due to the often told that Americans and closer contacts and the interchange British are accepting Hinduism, of ideas, is the mingling of differ- Islam or other cults in place of ent faiths and philosophies and the Christianity. Many, like Mahatma breaking down of religious bar- Gandhi, attempt to add Jesus to riers. the Oriental Pantheon, as merely The people of China and India another honored teacher of morals no longer judge America by the and truth. The clearcut line of missionaries they meet. The World demarkation between the followers War, the coming of students and of Christ and those who reject other travelers to Europe and Him is becoming more faint and America, the spread of the cinema less distinguishable in many cases.

and the work of news gathering Truly there is a modern crisis agencies have raised the question: in mission lands due to the univer- Is the civilization of the Occident sal unrest, to the closer contact be- desirable for Oriental peoples? The tween Orient and Occident, to stories and pictures of murder, distorted views of Christianity and robbery, adultery, unbridled pas- of nonChristian religions, and to sion and other evils, exploited in the weakening of conviction as to the Orient, give as unsavory a view the unique and supreme place of of "Christian" lands from which Christ as the only Saviour of man they come, as does Miss Mayo's and the true revelation of God.

book of the life in India. Natur- Effects and Dangers ally the question is asked by these "heathen": Will we better our con- The effects of this crisis in mis- ditions by becoming Christians? sion lands is most evident today On the other hand, the propa- in an extreme form in Russia.

ganda of Mrs. Annie Besant, the There political unrest has resulted visits to America and Europe by in revolution and the establishment such men as Tagore and the lec- of the "dictatorship of the prole- tures of devotees of Hinduism, tariat"-in reality a despotism in Bahaism and other religions, have the hands of a small committee.

raised doubts in many Occidental Economic revolution has over- minps if these religions are as bad thrown private ownership and man-

agement of industries based on ex- a tory? Jesus Christ faced similar perience, has established nationalized enterprises and done away situation in Palestine in His day, with private ownership. The so- though there was then less power cial upheaval has submerged the in the revolutionary party. That bourgeoise (or upper classes) and was also a time of unrest and a has put the laborers in authority. desire for change. The Jews were Blood has given place to brawn as restive under the rule of Rome so a passport to preferment. Palaces that a class of patriots arose, called are turned into tenements and the zealots. Poverty and wealth were only privileged classes (theoreti- in severe contrast, as is seen in the cally) are those who submerge story of the rich man and Lazarus. individuality in the social mass This caused bitter enmity and disand submit absolutely to the Soviet satisfaction. Sharp social lines regime. The intellectual revolu- were drawn, even among the Jews tion has resulted in the deposition themselves, between pharisees and of intelligentsia, the discarding of publicans, between master and all tradition, the adoption of ma- slave. Intellectual awakening was terialism as the foundation of life, promoted through the influence of and rationalism as the philosophy Greek culture and philosophy. Heof the land. Prurient and blas- brew religious beliefs and practices phemous literature is given free were influenced by those of Egypt, circulation in Russia while the Greece, Babylonia and Rome. publication and distribution of the Bible is banned. The religious up- How did Christ and His apostles heaval has been expressed in icono- turn the unrest and the crisis of clasm and a persistent effort to that day into victory? destroy faith in God, in human responsibility to any power outside First, they made no compromise of the State and in a. denial of with evil or with political forces immortality. Liberty of conscience out of harmony with God and his and freedom to teach religion is program. They fearlesSly and denied. Class hatred is promoted rather than brotherly love. Perse- consistently preached the Kingdom cution and death is the· fate of of God and His righteousness. those who put God first. Man is God and his will came first in their conceived of as a transient and thought and program. intellectual animal without a soul, rather than as a spiritual being Second, they asked no special made in the image of God, with protection or privileges in the dis- Godlike possibilities and destiny. charge of their mission. Jesus In spite of the good elements in the Soviet program of social justice, suffered and died without resistnations that adopt the philosophy ance, though He might have called and program of atheistic commun- on the Father for twelve legions ism start on the road to destruc- of angels to defend Him against tion. His enemies. The apostles fol- lowed His example. How Meet This Crisis Third, they trusted the truth of How is this crisis in mission God, constantly and consistently lands to be met and turned to vic- proclaimed to work a revolution in men's minds and hearts, by the power of the Holy Spirit.

Fourth, they manifested the life and power of God by pure living and loving service without thought

THE PRESENT CRISIS IN MISSION LANDS

of selfish gain or earthly reward. says in his recent book "China's They followed the way of the Cross Rev 0 I uti 0 n from the Inside,"

to victory. though "antiChristian movements We know the result. It required are popular among certain classes time and patience, fidelity and there are no attacks against the suffering, but a small united group person of Jesus" or against His of men and women under the teachings. Spiritua1 forces are leadership of Christ were used to greatest. Mahatma Gandhi, per- transform Europe – politically, haps the finest example of non- economically, socially, intellectually Christian leaders, acknowledges and religiously. Men of different the power of the principles of races came into closer contact and Christ and seeks to follow His ex- into a fuller understanding, but the ample and teachings. Toyohiko standards of the Word of God were Kagawa, the notable Japanese not lowered and the strength of Christian, has won a unique posi- pagan religions was not permitted tion of leadership by sacrificial to dilute the Gospel of Christ. The service and seeks to correct the sovereignty of God was put first evils of the day and to transform and the Spirit of God was the society by love as revealed in Jesus power on which the apostles de- Christ.

pended to carry out the program Spiritual forces must be de- af God. pended upon to turn the crisis in This method of meeting the mission lands into victory. The crisis in mission lands is not out of Church and the representatives of date. The power of God has not Christ must present united forces, waned and is manifest today. The not a divided army, we must ad- dead religion of the Czarist regime vance on our knees, bearing the caused faith to be discarded, but Cross, in the spirit of sacrificial evangelical Christians are exerting service, if the Kingdom of God is a strong influence in Russia in to come and the standard of Christ spite of persecution. Missionaries is to wave supreme over every in China and other lands have re- land. The day wi1l come when nounced protection and special "every knee shall bow and every privileges from secular govern- tongue confess that Jesus Christ is ments. The failure of Christians Lord to the glory of God the to follow fully the teachings of Father"-the day when Christ Christ has caused misunderstand- Himself will return in power to ing and has brought discredit on reign and will subdue all things the Church but, as Dr. R. Y. La unto Himself.

(Next Month-THE CRISIS IN MISSIONARY POLICY) THE WORLD'S NEED-It is not worth while to cross the street to give India a new religious philosophy. India already has more religions and more philosophy than its people can und,erstand.

It would be a waste {jf time to give China a new code of ethics. Confucius gave the Chinese a vastly better code than they have ever practiced.

There is no need to go across the sea to give Japan a better system of education for the Japanese have all that the West can give them.

But it is worth the sacrifice of money, of comforts, of life itself to carry to India, to China, to Japan, to Africa and other lands the Good News that Jesus Christ came into the world to save sinners and to reveal God, the Heavenly Father, and to make possible God's way of life for men.

UNHOLY "HOLI" FESTIVAL IN

FROM MISS IVA M. FISH The following private letter has recently come from a missionary friend in India with whom we stayed last year. It expresses a deep need.

T HIS is the big day of that Last Monday when I was visiting disgusting Hindu hoi ida y in one of the Hindu homes, the "Holi." Because of this re- women said, "Do you see the pic- ligious festival I am not able to go tures on that calendar in front of into the city to teach this week. you? They killed a Sahib." It Yesterday we went in a motor was a picture of two young Indian lorry to a small place about sixty men dressed in European clothes.

miles from here. In the jungle we "But why do you have the pic- ran out of gas and had to wait ture of murderers in your house?"

there for two hours. It was the I asked. The reply came smilingly night when Hindus light the big and rather proudly, "They killed a bonfire which is part of this cele- white man."

bration. Another woman and I had "Why'!" I asked.

to wait at a crossroads alone for a "Gandhi Ji," was all she would time and as we sat on a stone by say.

the wayside, people from the vil- One morning I was coming lage came into the jungle, hunting along a narrow city street, and anything that would burn. Their just ahead of me saw a young man, shouts, as they found cow-dung with his head turned in the other or other inflammable material, direction, just finishing his toilette sounded like a mob of fiends. It on the front verandah. He was made the chills run down my back tying his dhoties (loose trousers).

to hear them. He put his hand inside the door We were thankful to reach home and brought out a terrible looking safely, but since midnight crowds knife, full twelve inches long, of men, covered with red color, which he stuck in the side of his have passed our house beating dhoties at the waist. He pulled drums and singing vile songs. I down his long shirt and walked am told that at this festival time away. One, who had not seen what the women sing and repeat to one had hapened would have thought another such obscene things that he was an innocent, peaceful young if they did it at any other time of man. I wondered how many of the the year, their husbands would kill men whom I pass every day are them! The very beat of the drums thus prepared for eventualities.

indicate that the songs are evil. Poor India.

The educated young men claim Pray for the Indian Church.

that they do not take part in this Next week is a week of evangel- festival, but it seems impossible ism. From the indifference of that all are uneducated who are the many Indian Christians, it passing our house today, This is seems that unless missionaries do a horrible curse of Hinduism! most of the work, the week will not The religion of these people be very fruitful. The time has sanctions murder and obscenity. come when these Indian Christians 444

MISS SUSIE SORABJI, OF POONA

should evangelize their own coun- wasted in thinking of authority, try, but too often they seem to money and honors. Until foreign think most about the money which and Indian Christian ideals and the West sends to this land, and desires harmonize and are the who is to have the spending of it. same as those of our Master, to bring men and women out of dark- We all need to be fired by the ness into His glorious light, we Holy Spirit with a zeal for Christ. cannot walk together. Why should Last Sunday I felt intensely the not all the members of the Indian pain and burden of it all. The Church learn to look upon it as a Christian women in my Bible class duty and privilege to tell the story agreed that they should be wit- of the love of Christ? In my ears nesses for Christ, but they quite I hear, "Ye must be born again" calmly acknowledged they did not and I know that when we have a have enough love for the Lord. Church made up wholly of "born- How greatly we need a revival! If again Christians" then it will be Christians truly know their Sav- a witnessing Church and a Church iour there will be much more time with power. May God hasten the spent in bringing others to a day! knowledge of Him, and less time MISS SUSIE SORABJI, OF POONA T HE Rev. Sorabji Kharsedji Helena's is a co-educational and in- and his wife were pioneers of ternational school, meant chiefly progress and education in the Bombay Presidency. He was one of for Parsees, but in which seven difthat famous group of Parsee stu- ferent nationalities are repredents who many years ago became Christians in Bombay. Susie was sented. the sixth daughter, and the son was The children come as babies to a well-known barrister of North India. All the daughters were un- the Kindergarten and grow up tousually brilliant and their activi- gether, which has made co-educaties brought them into touch with tion a success. St. Helena's is a English and American life. One corporation of friends, and looks of them is a Christian woman bar- upon differences as new species of rister who recently toured Amer- gifts to be contributed to the servica, and another is Mrs. Pennell, ice of the world in the name of the the widow of the famous mission- "family." Some leave St. Helena's ary physician of the Afghan fron- for university or professional life tier. Susie Sorabji had travelled in India or overseas; some to sit extensively in England and Amer- on the gadis of some Hindu or Mosica. She was a very well educated lem State; many to marry and and capable teacher, giving un- send the second generation to regrudgingly honorary service, first vive old memories and uphold the to the Victoria High School, traditions of the school. founded by her mother, and later to St. Helena's, Poona, which is The Saint Helena High School her great gift to the world. St. was one of the great educational institutions in Poona, where there are seven colleges and the same number of high schools. The insti- tution ministers to a large number

of the higher classes-some of by ill-health; was almost blind due them the children of chiefs and to an operation for glaucoma in rajas. With the help of American 1909; she had a weak heart; had and Canadian friends Miss Sorabji four attacks of pneumonia in a purchased the valuable property, year, and in 1927 faced a major opand put up the buildings. The de- eration which few in her state of velopment of this work was in a health ever survive. Her faith was great measure due to the generos- unshakable, and she was a triumity of Miss Helen Gould (now Mrs. phant Christian. Finley J. Shepard) who met Miss Sorabji in America. This is why During her illness the people it is called the Saint Helena High who poured into her gates to say, School. "This and this she did for me," said also, "We have never seen such love Miss Sorabji was a wonderfully fine personality. There was some- and such nobility." "We love her thing queenly about her-a tal- and we want to do something for ented, gracious personality consecrated to the great work of bring- her." Old boys and girls came ing Christ to his Indian throne. from all distances to see her once more. N ow her pupils, past and Miss Sorabji not only shared in present, desire to enlarge the Scithe teaching of the High School, ence Building in her memory, and but she superintended also and con- to help carryon her work and her trolled two vernacular schools, one ideals as far as they may. for Hindu and one for Moslem children, to which schools also she Miss Sarabji was a member of gave appropriate buildings. And the Church of England and to that in addition the Women's Council, church the responsibility for mainthe Y. W. C. A., the Soldier's taining the school has been as- Home, the Women's Prison, the signed. Poor House, the Asylum, Scouts and Guides and Blue Birds, and min- Throughout her life Miss Sorabji istering to children, the Kaiser-i- exerted a decided Christian influ- Hind Chapter of the Canadian Daughters of the Empire, of which ence in her Bible classes, in her she was Regent-every kind of public addresses and in her perwork for women and children had sonal contacts. When Mrs. Naidu her cooperation and sympathy. was detained in the Poona jail, Miss Sorabji visited her several She was utterly unsparing of times, presented her with a Bible, herself. She poured out love on and evidently got near the heart of everyone around her. No one in that great Indian woman leader. trouble ever lacked sympathy when It was a thrilling moment at the she knew of the trouble. In the busiest of weeks, not long before funeral service when Canon she died, she found time to call and sympathize with a Parsee ex-pupil Butcher announced to the great about the death of a beloved dog. gathering of Parsees, Hindus, Mo- Miss Sorabji was handicapped hammedans and Christians that the fine cultured Parsee lady-Miss Sorabji's right hand and fellow worker in the Saint Helena School -had just resolved to give herself to Christ.

fTHODS fOR WO……_a

Edited BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK The editor of this Department de- hands remain clasped on breast while sires to g;ve credit to Mrs. Frank face is lifted heavenward, but at the Rector of 80 Clyde St., Pawtucket, R. words "earthly night," droops again I., for the fine methods contributed by on breast through remainder of the her to the November and December stanza and remains so until the end issues. The devotional aervice in the of the line, "More than thy tongue can November issue is particularly usable. tell." At beginning of line, "To bring ALL FOR CHRIST my wandering sheep," the clasped hands are slowly stretched out to ex- By MAMIE GLASSBURNER OF CHINA treme front and unclasped, and palms (This is a very effective program for turned upward. With a sweeping mo- tion the hands move apart to extreme use either in home or foreign mission right and left, when the palms become fields. It can. be adapted to any church horizontal, and then with an enclosing audience.) On the platform should be erected gesture, cross handa upon the breast, either a large white or a large remaining to end of the stanza.

rustic cross, the crosspiece of which At words "And I have brought to should be at least a foot above the thee" face and eyes are lifted toward head of the tallest participant in the heaven. At "Salvation full and free,"

pageant. The background should be both arms are extended upward in a covered with dark blue hangings or receiving gesture. At "What hast with branches of trees. The "Disci- thou brought to me" hands are again ples" ·should be seated in various parts pressed upon the breast, while eyes of the audience and approach as continue to gaze heavenward.

though in spontaneous response to the At the words "I consecrate my life,"

appeal. the eyes rest upon the crosspiece and As the organist begins to play "I both hands are extended toward the gave my life for thee," Evangelist foot of the cross in a gesture of sur- takes her place on the plat:f'orm near render, which is held through the the cross. After the prelude the choir remainder of the stanza, when Evan- begins to sing. At the words, "I gave gelist clasps her hands upon her my life for thee," she clasps her hands breast, and lifts face and eyes toward on a level with her breast and about heaven and prays: a foot in front of her, lifts her head "Our Lord, how matchless is thy and gazes intently at the middle of grace! You were rich but for our the crosspiece, remaining in this at- sakes you became poor that we, titude until the end of the first stanza. through your poverty, might be made With the line "I labored many years rich. You left the glory of heaven; for thee" the clasped hands rest upon you toiled through weary years; you the breast. The head droops low and suffered scoffing and insult; you were moves slowly from straight front po- nailed to the cross to purchase for us sition to extreme left, then slowly to the gift unspeakable. Yet shall we extreme right, and again to straight take thy gifts and nothing to thee front, and droops on breast through bring? Awaken us! Forgive our cold- remainder of stanza. ness! Show us what we may bring At the words "My Father's house" to thee! Amen."

447

(Hands are dropped to sides and self involves much. The members of face is turned to audience.) one'·s body, one's thoughts, one's powers, and one's purposes are all in- "Fellow Christians, our Lord Jesus cluded and should all be fully yielded Christ came to earth to establish to His perfect will. Lips that are God's Kingdom of Righteousnes·s; to given to Him not only should refrain preach deliverance to the captives; from evil and untrue speaking; they and recovering of sight to the blind; should comfort the sad, encourage the to set at liberty them that are bruised. disheartened, and dissuade them bent on wrongdoing; and they should ever "To carry out this program, our be bearing witness to the goodness Lord depended on no other force than and power of God. Hands and feet the transforming power of sacificial that belong to Him should not only love. He himself loved and sacrificed keep themselves from actual sin; they to the uttermost and then turned over should labor to relieve the need of the accomplishment of his great pur- others; they should help the weak; pose to his followers, and that trust they should run on errands of mercy. has at last been passed on to you and to me. In Christ we have found for- "The disciple who has given himself giveness of sin; in Him we have wholly to Christ will not use his Godgained a peace and joy that the world given mental powers for selfish gain. can neither give nor take away. In His eloquence will be spent in explain- Him we have found true freedom. In ing the truth and exposing error and Him we have' found light upon our superstition; his memory will recall way and the hope of eternal life. But the labors and sufferings and necessihow many of our brothers and sisters ties of others; his imagination wiIl still are strangers to Him and to his find new ways to uplift society and to grace! Is this because of our careless- abolish its inj ustices and inequalities. ness and our selfishness? When on the His thoughts will not dwell on vain cross He cried, "I thirst," it was not ·sensualities but on whatsoever things the physical distress but the symbol are true, whatsoever things are honof His unquenchable yearning for the est, whatsoever things are just, whatsalvation of the world and for the con- soever things are lovely, whatsoever summation of the Kingdom of Right- things are of good report. eousness. "Are you willing to give yourself to "To be saved the world must believe Him?" on Him of whom they have not heard; how shall they hear without a First Disciple: "This is indeed my preacher; and how shall they preach purpose; but only as His Spirit a·ssists unle·ss they be sent? To go, to preach, me can 1 hope to reach the high ideal and to send, requirEs the sacrifice of which you have set before me." (Lays time, of money, and of life. Who then her flag at the foot of the cross and is willing to consecrate his service this kneels while the choir sings, "Take day unto the Lord?" my life and let it be consecrated Lord bo thee" first, second, fourth, and fifth (Choir again sings softly the first stanzas.) stanza of "I gave my life for thee." First Disciple approaches carrying the Evangel.ist: "Disciple arise!" (She red flag of personality.) hands back the flag) "Christ has ac- cepted your gift. He now gives it Evangelist greets her: "Disciple, back to you to use for Him as He shall what gift do you bring to our Lord 1" direct." (Gives her a lighted candle.) "This is the symbol of your consecra- First Disciple answers: "Evangel- tion. From henceforth your acts of ist, as I think of the grace of our kindness, your holy example, your Lord Jesu·s Christ 1 deeply desire to constructive thoughts, and the tes.tigive myself to Him; but I do not mony of your lips will be as a light to clearly apprehend how this is done."

Evangelist: "Consecration of one-

19311 M~THObs t6R W6RKERS

those about you. Guard your light enough to provide the necessities of and let it not grow dim." life, he will not enrich himself from profit 'on their toil. Moreover, as God (Choir sings first stanza and chorus has directed in His Word, He will of, "We'll walk in the Light." During give the tithe of his income to the supsinging second Disciple appear·s.) port of the church and its manifold forms of social service. Disciple, are Evangelist greets her: "Welcome you ready to accept this solemn refriend! Have you something to con- sponsibility?" secrate to the service of Jesus Christ?" Second Disr:iple: "I am ready. May God help me to be a faithful steward Second Disciple: "Once I craved the of that which He has given to me." wealth of the world. All my strength (Lays his golden treasure box at the and thought have gone to the acquisi- foot of the cross and kneels while the tion of silver and gold and the things choir sing·s, "Take my silver and my that silver and gold could purchase, gold: Not a mite would I withhold." houses, land, food, and clothes. Now, E1Jangelist lays his hand on the dissaved by His great love, I gladly bring ciple's shoulder, Disciple. arises. my wealth to Him. One thing however troubles me; the Lord whom we Evangelist hands him the golden worship is an unseen spirit. How can box and says: "Christ accepts the of- He use my wealth? How can I give it fering you have brought. He now to Him?" returns it to you, trusting you to re- member that it is no longer yours but Evangelist: "At the last great day, His. As you use it for Him it will the King of kings shall say to His bring joy toO the sad and hope to the faithful servants, 'Come, ye blessed of disheartened. It will enable those now my Father, inherit the kingdom pre- crushed in poverty to live a more pared for you from the foundation of abundant life, and it will bring the Gospel of Christ to those who have the world: for l was an hungered, and never heard it. So I give toO you this candle as the badge of your stewardye gave me meat: I was thirsty, and ship. Now it is required of stewards ye gave me drink: I was a stranger, that a man be found faithful, so keep and ye took me in: naked, and ye your light burning." clothed me: I Was sick and ye visited me: I was in prison, and ye came (Second Disciple takes her place by unto me. the cross while the choir sings the second stanza and chorus of "We'll "'Then shall the righteous answer walk in the light." Third Disciple aphim, saying, Lord, when saw we thee proaches, carrying a small clock or a an hungered and fed thee? or thirsty large dial clearly marked, so as toO be and gave thee drink? … or naked and seen by the entire aUdience.) clothed thee? or when saw we thee sick or in prison, and came unto thee?' Evangelist: "Friend, what offering dD you bring to the cause .of Christ?" "'And the King shall answer and say unto them, "Verily I say unto you, Third Disciple: "I am naturally in- Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one dolent and fond of pleasure. I have of the least of these my brethren, ye wasted many hours, and days, and have done it unto me.'" years. Today I woOuld bring my time toO Christ. Will you tell me how I may "Disciple, do you not know that all offer it to Him?" of the poor of the earth, the helpless widows, the fatherless children, are Evangelist: "Friend, our Lord is the brothers and sisters of our Lord. indeed pleased with this offering of Therefore to give one's wealth to Him yours. His righteous kingdom has is to administer it for others. While been hindered in its progress nDt only others are hungry the true disciple by lack of men and money, but also cannot eat and drink extravagantly. because there are so many kinds of While others have no place of shelter, he cannot live in luxury. While the wages of the laboring man are not 4

kingdom services that no one has time other six days to glorify Christ and to perform. How many mothers work advance His Kingdom. all day al!d far into the night, they have no time to read their Bibles no "Disciple, do you renounce leisure opportunity to go to church, no time and vain pleasure to use your time for recreation, because the young peo- a-s your Lord shall direct?" ple 'of the family thoughtlessly spend their time for pleasure instead of us- Disciple: "I renounce them: my ing it to help lighten the burdens of God strengthen my purpose." (Lays others, which is one of the simplest the clock at the foot of the cross and ways of giving it to Christ. kneels.) "How many illiterate people there Choir sings: are! They have no money to enter school; and they cannot leave their "Take my moments and my days families or their daily tasks. If some- Let them flow in ceaseless praise one would give of his leisure to teach B~es.sing others as I go, them an hour each evening after the LIftmg loads, returning woe." day's work is done, they would in time become able to read and to write and Evangelist draws near and speaks: tQ gather truth for themselves from the Word of God which is now sealed "Disciple ari-se! Your prayer of conto them. A good way to give your time to Christ is to teach those who secration has been heard. Your time are untaught. is hencefonth His; but He trusts you "Think how many sick there are with no one to bring them a refresh- to use it for Him." (Hands her the ing draught when they are thirsty; no one to bathe them when they are in clock) "Used for Him it will bring fever; no .one to wash and change their clothes and bedding. To use cheer to the disconsolate, relief to the one's time to comfort and care for those who are suffering in weakness overburdened, and light to those who and pain is another way to give it to Christ. now sit in darkness. Therefore, I give "Again, the true disciple should you this lighted candle as the fitting strive for a constantly enriching personality. His learning and his knowl- emblem of your trust. His light will edge of the truth should be ever on the increase: so another method of shine upon your way, and as you consecrating one's time to the Master is to set apart a portion of it for the faithfully walk in its radiance it will study of the Bible and the reading of other helpful books. grow brighter and brighter unto the "The first step in the consecration perfect day." (Hands her the candle of time is the keeping of the Sabbath as Chri-st kept it; refraining from and choir sings "We'll walk in the one's ordinary tasks; meeting with other disciples for praise, prayer, and Ii g h t." The Fourth Disciple apinstruction in the things of the Spirit; and engaging in special acts proaches wearing a carpenter's apron 'of mercy and religious service. He, who thus sanctifies one day in seven, in the pocket of which is a plane and will not easily forget that all of his time is holy, and he will not fail to square. Evangelist greets her.) find guidance as to how to use the Fourth Disciple: "EvangeJi.s.t, I too, love the Lord and realize something of the depths of His grace. I, too, long for the coming of His Kingdom and of righteousness; but what have I to offer Him 1 I have no time no money, no learning." '

Evangelist: "Friend, what have you in your pocket?"

(Disciple draws out plane and square.) "These are my carpenter's plane and square,"

Evangelist: "Why do you not give them to Christ 1"

Disciple: "Do I dare offer such coarse and common things to Him?"

Evangelist: "The plane and square are the emblems of your toil. Do you not know that toil is honorable in the sight of God? Our Lord Jesus grew

METHODS FOR WORKERS

up in the family of a laborer. He nance will illumine your heart and Himself was a carpenter but His work life. Take then this light as the was good and true. symbol of your consecrated labor; keep it burning until you hear His "In establishing His KingdQm of final 'well done, gO<Jd and faithful Love, our Lord needs, not only the servant.' " (Disciple takes the plane personality, the wealth, and the time and square and the lighted candle.) of His followers, but also their fine, true labor. To give our labor to Him Choir sings: "We'!I walk in the not only means that we will not slight light." (lilr work nor seek for undue profit from it, it also means that we will Fifth Disciple advances bringing do it with His joy and with His heart with him his elderly mother, his of love. The house built by the Chris- grown-up son, his daughter-in-law, tian carpenter sh()uld be m<Jre endur- and his younger daughter. The daughmg than <Jthers, that men may dwell ter-in-Iaw should lead by the hand a in comfort. The field worked by the small granddaughter four or five years Christian farmer should yield more of age. than others, that the world's hunger may be fed. The home of the Chris- Evangelist greets Disciple and says: tian housekeeper should be cleaner "Disciple, who are these with you? Have you anything to consecrate to lie than others, that the health of the the ~ervice of the Lord?"

village may promoted. The burden Disciple: "This is my family" carried by the Christian loadman and (pointing to each) "my mother, my the boats rowed by the Christian boat- son, my daughter-in-law, my little men should reach their destination daughter, my grandchild. My family sooner than others, that the commu- is the m<Jst precious thing that I have. nications of the country may be mQre I would bring it to Christ." effective. Moreover, the Christian workman should be constantly finding Evangelist: "Disciple, your purpose new and better methods of work that gives me great joy. If all the folcivilization may be advanced. lowers of Christ had but brought their families to Him, His Kingdom would "Disciple will you consecrate your have come long ago. Since you have labor to the service <Jf Christ?" this thought in your heart, it is im- portant that you should understand Disciple: "I will," (Lays his im- the real character of the Christian plements at foot Qf cross and kneels home." in prayer.) Disciple: "Say on, Sir." Choir sings: Evangelist: "Marriage, which is "Take my work as done for Thee the foundation of the family, should May each task completed be, be, in the Christian home, a holy fel- Faithful, earnest, wrought in love. lowship. This young couple" (indicat- That Thy sway may onward move." ing) "should love, chefi.sh, and trust each other, through joy and sorrow, Evangelist: "Disciple arise and through life and death. The spiritual hear the word of the Lord! 'Whatso- life of the home should be carefully ever thy hand findeth to do, do it with nurtured; and each day the entire thy might, not slothful in business; family should gather for united fervent in spirit; serving the Lord.' prayer and study of God's Word. The Lord has accepted and sanctified This is indeed, the prerequisite of your plane and square. All the work true piety and virtue. All the memthat you do with them is to be His bers of the Christian family should work. It will make your fellow men be able to read. Is this true of happy; it will cause those who do not yours?" yet recognize Christ as Lord, to glorify Him on your account; and Disciple: "My son reads but my as you work the light of His counte- daughter-in-law does not."

Evan.rrelist: "Your mother?" represents labor, often inadequately Disciple: "She had no opportunity compensated, on the part of others, to study when she was young." and to be extravagant or wasteful of Evangelist: "Your little daughter?" food and clothing is a wrong against Disciple: "She has not yet begun to society as a whole. study." Evangelist: "Each evening, after "Moreover, the Christian family is the work is done you should all' as- not content to dwell in peace and love semble for an hour or two of study. itself. Its thought goes out to the Begin with this" (draws a book of weak and unfortunate, and out of its "Probationer's lessons" from his own thrift each member gives regupocket) "It is called the 'Learner's larly and systematically to missionary Handbook' and is just the thing for and philanthropic enterprises. beginners." (Disciple receives it with thanks.) "Disciple, the standard for a Chris- "The Christian home, should be tian home is high. It is not easily sanitary, clothing, food, floors, and reached, but those who determine to furniture should be clean; and every attain the goal not only gain a new room should be open to the fresh air joy and richness of life for themand sunlight. selves and their dear ones; they also "In the Christian home, the father mightily advance the Kingdom of and mother 'should be gentle and lov- God on earth. Are you fully pering and the children should be filial suaded?" and obedient. All should have times of play together, that no barriers of Disciple: "My decisi~n is made. misunderstanding may grow up be- May God assist my weakness and may tween parents and children. They His Spirit touch the heart of each of should go together to church and to these, my loved ones." (Turning to Sunday school to gain instruction in them.) "Will you come with me?" the truth and also to gain the benefit (Kneels while choir sings "The Home of fellowship with other Christians in Transfnrmed by Christ." As these prayer and praise. stanzas are sung, the daughter kneels "Have you any hired help in your on one side of the disciple, the son on the other side. Later the mother and home?" little granddaughter kneel at the side Disciple: "We have a young wom- of the son. Last of all the daughter- in-law speaks to the work woman, and an who helps my daughter-in-law with together they kneel beside the daugh- ter. At the words, "Filled with joy the housework." like that above," all stand and sing EvangeUst.· "Why did you not bring the chorus. At the close of the chorus EvangeUst gives a lighted candle to her with you?" Disciple.) Disciple: "I did not realize that she Evangelist: "The Christian Home should be included." is a lighthouse in the darkness of the Evangelist: "Of course she is in- present social order. Take this as a parable of your high calling in Christ cluded: In Christ there are no class Jesus and may each member of your distinctions; all should be treated as family circle be a light bearer to brothers and sisters. Her work neighbors and friends." (Gives Disshould not be too heavy and her hours ciple a candle for each member of the not too long." family. After Disciple has given each one his candle, each one lights Daughter-in-law: "I will call her." his from Disciple's candle, after which (Goes out and returns with work all sing with the choir, "We'll walk in woman. Evangelist greets her and the light.") The Sixth Disciple adcontinues.) vances carrying the banner of the Chinese Republic. "The Christian home should be thrifty. All should be taught to remember that each grain of rice, and each thread of cotton, wool, or silk,

Evangelist: "Welc'Ome, my y'Oung (Gives the flag back to Disciple and friend! What gift d'O you bring t'O continues.) our Christ?" "YDur l'Ove of country is a gift frDm Disciple: "My heart's desire and G'Od Himself. May its sacrificial prayer t'O G'Od f'Or my c'Ountrymen is flame, like the light 'Of this candle, that they might be saved. On every m'Ount higher and higher. Let it never side I see my own people in peril and grow dim." (Gives her the light.) distress. In what pr'Ovince is the Choir sings: "We'll Walk in the sound of battle not heard? In what Light." (Seventh Disciple comes f'Or- country is there not strife and oppres- ward with a large key in her hand.

siGn? In what city do~s not the terr'Or Evangelist welcDmes her: "Disciple, 'Of plague stalk rampant? In which what 'Offering dD Y'OU bring tD y'Our village are the larger part 'Of the Saviour?"

populace n'Ot illiterate and supersti- Disciple: "When I began tD f'OlI'Ow tious? A£ I have bro'Oded 'Over these Christ, He gave me this key with the things I have c'Ome t'O the realizati'On c'Ommand t'O use it 'Often and the that apart fr'Om Christ's law 'Of love, promise that as I did so I w'Ould find there is n'O hope for China. I w'Ould grace t'O help in time 'Of need, p'Ower bring my CDuntry to Christ, but I f'Or service, and blessing for 'Others: kn'Ow n'Ot h'Ow it is done. Can y'OU but as I was busy ab'Out many things help me?" I f'OrgDt the c'Ommand and the prom- Evangelist: "My friend, y'Our dream ise, and neglected the key till, as YDU is a noble 'One. China is the largest see, it has bec'Ome old and rusty and and m'Ost p'Opul'Ous c'Ountry in the difficult to use: yet, since He gave it w'Orld. China for Christ means the t'O me, it must be of value and I bring world for Christ. When the Kingdom it t'O find how I may c'Onsecrate it t'O 'Of G'Od is established in China it will His service." surely be quickly established in all the earth. But to save 'One's countrymen Evangelist takes the key, examines is n'Ot an easy task. He who cherishes it and says: "Ah! this is the key 'Of this ambition must ren'Ounce vain prayer. The p'Ower 'Of prayer is the pleasure and luxury. He must sacri- m'Ost mysteri'Ous and precious gift fice time and money and the comf'Orts granted to the Christians. Prayer is of h'Ome t'O proclaim Christ'£ way 'Of talking with G'Od. Prayer heals the life. He must be prepared to endure sick and casts out dem'Ons. Prayer scorn and persecution. Paul, t'O save brings the fullness of the Spirit. In his c'Ountrymen, suffered impris'On- 'Ourselves we have nD strength t'O help ment and death. Christ's passi'On for 'Our faculty and friends. We have n'O the salvati'On of his own nation led p'Ower t'O reform society 'Or save 'Our him to Calvary and the shameful c'Ountry. G'Od'·s grace and power are cr'Oss. If y'OU can walk in His £teps, limitless. He waits t'O give them t'O regardless 'Of pain and toil, He wi1l all who need: but that n'One may use use you t'O brlng China t'O Himself: them wr'Ongfully 'Or lightly, he has laid but remember that no man having put d'Own the simple restricti'On that they his hand to the pi'Ow and lo'Oking back are given only t'O thDse wh'O pray in is fit f'Or the Kingd'Om of G'Od." Jesus' name and f'Or His sake.

Disciple: "I have already put my "In all'Owing y'Our key 'Of prayer t'O hand to the plow, I d'O not intend t'O rest in idleness, y'Ou have l'Ost many turn back. My heart's desire and priceless blessings for y'Ourself and prayer is China for Christ." (He for 'Others. In establishing His Kingkneels and lays his flag at the f'O'Ot 'Of d'Om 'On earth, 'Our L'Ord must use the the crDss.) pers'Onality, the wealth, the time, and the lab'Or 'Of His f'OIlDwers. He needs Choir sings: "China f'Or Christ." their families and their l'Ove 'Of c'Oun- try. But if he has all 'Of these with- Evangelist: "D i sci pie arise!" 'Out their persistent, believing prayer,

He is ·still hindered and restricted in is still on the platform the pastor the carrying out of His great prog- should make a plea for consecration, ress. If you really plan to further and an opportunity should be given the interests of His Kingdom by your for those who are already Christians intercession, you must say farewell to manifest their purpose, and f'Or to worldliness and selfish desires, and nonChristians to decide f'Or Christ.

seek constantly to enter into His thought and plans. Begin by setting HYMNS USED apart an early morning hour for "Fr'Om Ocean Unto Ocean" and "0 prayer. Each day your key will be- Happy Home" will be found in come brighter and the door to His "Hymns for the Living Age." The storeroom of grace will open more two hymns "I Gave My Life for Thee" easily until you reach the goal of and "Take My Life" are familiar to all program builders. constant communion with Him so that no matter when or where, you can ask and receive whatever you and ALL FOR JESUS others need for the progress of His Kingdom." (Hands back the k€y,) All for Jesus, all for Jesus, all my be- "He waits and longs for intercessor·s. ing's ransomed power Will you be one?" All my thoughts and words and doings, Disciple: "I will. May he forgive all my dars and all my hours my indifference." (Disciple lays key at foot of cross and kneels while choir All for Jesus, al for Jesus, all for Jesus, sings "What various hindrances we all for Jesus meet.") All my being's ransomed p'Ower, all my Evangelist: "Disciple arise, Take days and all my hours.

up the key that He gave to you and Let my hands perform His bidding, let use it faithfully till His blessed King- my feet run in His ways dom come. Prayer is not only a key; Let my eyes see Jesus only. Let my lips it is an altar flame and a cloud of in- speak forth His praise cense rising heavenward. This candle All for Jesus, all for Jesus, all f'Or Jesus, all for Jesus Let my feet run in His ways, Let my lips speak forth His praise.

is the seal of your stewardship of JESUS THE LIGHT OF THE WORLD intercession, guard it with zealous (Sing one stanza after each Disciple care." (Gives her the candle.) lights his candle.) Choir with disciples sing: "We'll walk in the light" after which Evan- Hark the herald angels sing, Jesus the gelist lifts face heavenward and prays: Light of the wDrld.

"Our Lord, Thy sacrificial love has Gl'Ory t'O the new-born King, Jesus the moved us to bring to Thee our all. Light 'Of the w'Orld.

We believe thou hast accepted the We'll walk in the light, beautiful light gift and made us stewards of thy manifold grace. Help us to be faith- Come where the dewdrops of mercy are ful, that, through the constant en- bright Shine all around us by day and by night Jesus the Light of the world.

richment of personality, through the J 'Oyful all ye nations rise, Jesus the Light unselfish administration of wealth and of the w'Orld time, through joyful and creative labor through unceasing intercession, Join the triumphs of the skies, Jesus the Light 'Of the world.

thY' Name may be glorified and thy Christ by highest heaven adored. Jesus righteous Kingdom may fully come. the Light 'Of the w'Orld Amen." Christ the everlasting Lord, .Jesus the (As E van gel i s t concludEs the Light of the world.

prayer, all turn slightly toward the Hail the heaven-born Prince 'Of Peace, cross and join the choir in singing. Jesus the Light of the w'Orld. "All for Jesus, all for Jesus.") Hail the Sun 'Of Righteousness, Jesus the At the close of this, while the group Light 'Of the world.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York Council 01 Women lor Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions 01 North America PROMOTING WORLD PEAQE program meetings. This list is 5 cents. One of the methods for interesting A TRIP TO ALASKA people in World Peace is the small Books are keys to wisdom's treasure; stamp picturing a white dove hover- Books are gates to lands of pleasure; Books are paths that upward lead; ing in a blue sky over the earth, to be Books are friends. Come, let us read.

used on personal and official corre- If you cannot go in physical person to "The Great Country," let your mind spondence in the same way as the Red and spirit be refreshed and invigor- ated by reading the three breezy, Cross seals and World Day of Prayer graphic books by Mary Lee Davis that most delightfully take you there and seals. These W.arld Peace stamps are let you see the land and the people, and feel the general atmosphere. They 1 cent each and may be are full of interesting information charmingly presented and authenti- Ig procured from any wom- cally accurate. They ,should be read . en's denominatio'nal board in the following order; . or from the Council of . Women for Home Mis- "Uncle Sam's Attic."t About the land. : ~C 416 pages; 53 illustrations; $3.50. sions in sheets of 25 or "Alaska, the Great Bear's Cub."t 100. They have been About the wild life; 314 pages; 27 illus- gotten out by the Coun- trations; $2.00.

cil and that organization "We Are Alaskans."! About the peo- ple. Ready in July. will place the proceeds in the Eva The announcement t r u I y says; Clark Waid Memorial Fund for World "Here is an all Alaskan tour, person- ally conducted by an Alaskan 'Sour- Peace. dough' !

Besides the book, "The Turn To- "Alaska is not a fish pond but a colony -of Americans shaping with ward Peace," by Mr,s. Boeckel, spoken their bare hands a new empire over- seas for Uncle Sam. Alaska is not an about elsewhere in this BULLETIN, ice-land but a green-land-and not a land of cold and gold so much as a the r e is the printed program,* land of wheat and heat! This is the new dramatic picture drawn by Mary "Blessed Are the Peacemakers," pre- Lee Davis in telling of her own eight intimate years aloft in Uncle Sam's pared by the Federation and Council, Attic. Drawn to the High North by a love of great adventure, she has here in distribution of which the National drawn the High North as a land of great beauty-watomly, in pers-on, and Council of Federated Church Women with deep affection and understand- ing." also shares. This program takes an hour and a half and is suitable for a women's society, young people's group, or any denominational or interdenomi- national group interested in interna- tional relations. It is priced at 2 cents, $1.75 per 100 and is procurable from any women's denominational headquarters.

There is also the mimeographed, carefully selected bibliography and list of study coursest including short discussion courses (some in the form of questions and answers) suitable for •Appeared in Reptember. 1930, issue. t By ~lary L{)e Dayis. PulJlishNl h;y ,,~. A. tAppeared In February, 1931, Issue. Wilde Co., Boston.

455

MISSIONARY EDUCATION course offers suggestions for use of the report of the North American Home Missions Home Missions Congress, and a lim- ited number of other sources that will The home mi·ssion study program be valuable for reference in a study for 1931-32 includes two most inter- of the whole home mission enterprise. esting themes: "The Call to the Themes for devotional periods and Churches from the North American guides for discussion are included. Home Missions Congress" for adults and older young people; "Christianity God and the. Census,' by Robert N. and Rural Life in America" for In- McLean of the Board of National Mistermediates and children. sions, Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.; author of That Mexican, Jump- In preparation for the North Ameri- ing Beans, etc. In this interesting can Home Missions Congress which book Dr. McLean tells how the home met at Washington in December, 1930, missionaries for more than a century commissions were appointed which un- have been working at great cost in an dertook thoroughgoing studies of effort to make sure that God was beevery phase of home missions. The ing counted in the life of every dediscussions and findings of the con- veloping community on our advancing gress based on these studies have frontiers. The book is rich in stories brought before the churches a new of daring men and women who have outlook and a new challenge in regard been pioneers of the Gospel in every to the Christian task in America. part of America and in new and dif- ficult areas of our national life today. It has been the purpose of the au- In concrete terms Dr. McLean has thors treating this subject to bring shown what the home mission enterout some of the practical, outstanding prise has come to be and the many i·ssues which the congress faced in a phases of its task as revealed by the frank study of conditions in our coun- Washington Congress. try. Leader's Manual to Accompany God The home mission publications are and the Census: by Sue Weddell, Exprepared and published jointly by the ecutive Secretary, Young Women's Council of Women for Home Missions Department, Reformed Church in and the Missionary Education Move- America. This pamphlet presents ment. practical and interesting plans for ac- tivities in study, discussion, and serv- ADULTS AND YOUNG PEOPLE ice which will combine to make a well- rounded course on home missions. The Challenge of Change: What Is Happening in Home Missions,' by John MIGRANTS; PEACE Milton Moore, from 1926 to 1931 General Secretary of the Federal Council Roving with the Migrants: by Adela of the Churches of Christ in America; J. Ballard, Western Supervisor of Miauthor of Things that Matter Most. grant Work, Council of Women for Dr. Moore, who has had long experi- Home Missions. A short reading book ence in the pastorate, in home mis·sion which pictures the migrating procesadministration and in the cooperative sion roaming over the states, harvestagencies of the churches, has given in ing the crops and working in other this book a fresh and comprehensive seasonal labor fields. The presence of interpretation of the home mission these people is in many places the enterprise as it was reappraised and major home mission responsibility. restated at Washington. The Turn Toward Peace; by Flor- Leader's Manual to Accompany the ence Brewer Boeckel, Educational Sec- Challenge of Change,' by Arthur V. retary, National Council for the Pre- Casselman, Secretary for Missionary vention of War, author of Between Education, Reformed Church in the War and Peace, etc. A book for read- United States. While based primarily upon the book by Dr. Moore, this

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

ing or for study by groups wishing test in their lives." The rural life of another topic in addition to the themes the world represents one of the of the year. A short and interesting greatest unoccupied opportunities for statement of the problems of world Christian missions. It presents a tre- peace by one of America's leading au- mendously challenging and vitally in- thorities. Written especially for use teresting study for Christian people by church groups and has been en- everywhere. "Not since Jesus Christ thusiastically received. There is a taught his first disciples to pray 'Thy Leader's Manual.' Kingdom come, thy will be done,' has Foreign Missions there been such an hour to voice and to help give answer to the prayer for The themes are "Christianity and a holy earth."

the Rural Life of the World" and Central Committee on the United "Korea." Study of Foreign Missions and the "The one inclusive purpose of the Missionary Education Movement have missionary enterprise is to present together worked out the program on Jesus Christ to men and women the the rural theme, each group being world over as their Redeemer and to responsible for the publication of spe- win them for entrance into the joy cific books. A complete program cov- of His discipleship …… We desire to ering all age groups is therefore bring home emphatically the neces- presented.

sity of a comprehensive program for ADULTS AND YOUNG PEOPLE those larger sections of the population …… who labor for mankind in field Christ Comes to the Village: edited and factory and who are without many by Mary SchaufHer Platt, author of of the conditions necessary for that The Child in the Midst and A Straight abundant life which our God and Fa- Way Toward Tomorrow. A study of ther desires for all His children."* the rural life of women and children This pronouncement of the Jeru-sa- in non-Christian lands. The different lem Conference has led to the careful chapters have been written by such consideration of the rural problems well-known author-s as Eleanor T. Calof the world by the Christian forces verley, M.D. (Arabia), Mabel Ruth and to the selection of this theme for Nowlin (China), Alice B. Van Doren the foreign mission study this year. (India), E. Stanley Jones, D.D. (In- Secular books, magazines, papers are dia). A fascinating study of the way full of consideration of rural prob- Christ is touching the life of village lems from every angle. Rural surveys women and bringing to them "full- are being made. Programs are being ness of life." Written especially for worked out for rural education, for women and young women for study, better health, for improved methods, for programs, for reading.t etc. The whole world is interested in The Rural Billion; by Charles M.

these village folk, a billion strong, McConnell, Professor of Town and who feed and clothe the whole world. Country Church, Boston University The church of Jesus Christ is vitally School of Theology and Newton The- interested in bringing His message of ological Institution. Of the world's fullness of life to the women as they total population of nearly two billion, gather at the village well, to the men more than one half are living on farms as they plow the fields, to the children and in villages. What are the condi- as they help to reap the harvests. tions of rural life today throughout Christ spent most of His earthly life the world and what are the churches in the villages, in the fields; "His re- and their missions doing to extend ligion you can take right among the and enrich Christian service among people of the earth and put it to the the rural peoples? Mr. McConnell has * Vul. VI. Missions and Rural Problems. t Published by Central Committee.

had long experience as a rural min- eral theme of Christian missions ister and teacher of rural church prob- among rural peoples. lems, and for a year he has served in Japan, Korea and China as advisor KOREA regarding the Christian mission program among rural peoples of the Ori- Korea is predominantly an agriculent. He has written a unique, stimu- tural country, her population is 80% lating book which brings together the rural. Therefore the study of Korea stories of men and women the world becomes a logical part of the rural over who are preaching and teaching program. Few books have been writthe Gospel as they help to remake ten of the thrilling development of rural life. Christianity in Korea; this new book is received with deep interest. Leade,r's Manual for Adult Groups Studying Christianity and the Rural Korea: Land of the Dawn,' by Life of the World,' by Ralph S. Adams, James D. Van Buskirk, M.D., Vicemember of the staff, Interseminary President, Severence Union Medical Commission for Training for the College, Seoul. A new and long-needed Rural Ministry in New England. Pri- book on a country which illustrates marily based on The Rural BiUion. better than any other country in the Mr. Adams has had long experience in world, perhaps, how Christianity is dealing with the problems of rural approaching a people living under pre- Christianity' and in teaching the sub- dominantly rural conditions. Dr. Van ject in the churches. His course sug- Buskirk has had many years of exgests practical methods and cites perience not only as a physician but helpful source material. as an outstanding leader in the Chris- tian movement. His book presents Agricultural Missions: by Benjamin vividly the backgrounds of contem- H. Hunnicutt, School of Agriculture, porary Korean life and interprets the Lavras, Brazil. A reading book by a Christian task among the Korean peopioneer in the field of agricultural ple to the North American churches. mISSIOns. The first comprehensive treatment of this comparatively recent For Children a.nd Youth phase of Christian missions. As a founder of the International Associa- The theme is "Christianity and tion of Agricultural Missions Mr. Rural Life Around the World." Ow- Hunnicutt has had a wide acquaintance ing to the very close interrelation beamong leaders of the movement in tween the home and foreign materials many countries and commands, as do for children and youth these publicafew men in the world, a knowledge of tions are here grouped in one section. conditions among rural peoples and The home mission books deal with the what Christian agencies have been do- work of Christian missions in rural ing to show the farmer a better way America; the foreign books with simof life and of work. ilar work in the Orient, Africa and Latin America.

A Young People's Course on Chris- INTERMEDIATE tianity and the Rural Life. of the World,' by Roy E. Burt, Secretary for Treasures in the Earth,' by Fred Epworth League and Young People's Hamlin, journalist and traveler. In- Work, Department of Missionary Edu- teresting stories about Christian leadcation, Methodist Episcopal Church. ers, both missionaries and nationals, Based primarily upon The Rural Bil- who have helped the rural peoples of lion, this course suggests methods, the Orient, Africa and Latin America discussion topics, reference materials, in improving conditions of their lands activities, and accompanying devo- and villages and who at the same time tional programs for young people's have brought them the Christian Gosclasses and societies studying the gen- pel.

The Church and the World's Farm- prises, comprise a very important part ers,' by Mary Jenness, author of Out of this course. of YesterdQ,y Into Tomorrow, Meet Your United States, etc. For leaders Out in the Country; by Hazel V. of intermediate groups studying Orton, Secretary of Elementary Work, Christianity and the rural life of the Missionary Education Movement. A world. Suggestions for six sessions, Friendship Press text on rural life in including topics and questions for dis- America. Stories dealing with some cussion, activities, devotional pro- of the problems of farm children. grams, and background material for Possible teaching procedures containthe leader. ing background material,' suggested activities and enterprises, will be help- The Adventures of Mr. Friend; by ful to the leader. The material and Harold B. Hunting, author of Pioneers activities forming the basis for this of Goodwin, Stories of Brotherhood, course were used with a group of The Story of Our Bible, etc. Short, country children who met in a farmengaging stories all based on the work house every day for a week in the of real persons who through the middle of winter. church and its allied agencies have brought happiness and larger oppor- PRIMARY tunities into the lives of country boys and girls an.d their families through- The World on a Farm: by Gertrude out America. Chandler Warner, author of The World in a Barn, Windows Into Alas- A Short Course for Leaders of In- ka, etc. A runaway pig and a swimte'fmediate Gmups studying Christi- ming race, together with delightful anity and rural life in America is be- experiences in world friendship, coming planned, detailed announcement plete the adventures of the Friendly to be made later. Farmers at Pleasant Valley Farm. A charming story book. Illustrations JUNIOR children will love. Attractively bound. Contains part of the stories used in Open Windows,' by Mary Entwistle, The Friendly Farmers and several adauthor of Children of the Chief, etc. ditional stories. Delightful stories by the well-loved English writer. Through Open Win- The Friendly Farmers; by Gertrude dows which look out into the world we Chandler Warner, teacher and author, see boys and girls in India, China, and Elizabeth Harris, Associate Pro- Equatorial Africa, Egypt, Afghan- fessor of Elementary Religious Eduistan, Japan and Borneo. Stories of cation, Boston University; formerly their lives and adventures are told so Secretary of Elementary Work, Misvividly that it is not hard to feel that sionary Education Movement. we really see them through Open Stories tell of Janet, Polly, and Ted Windows. * at Pleasant Valley Farm as they be- came friends with some other farmers Wheat Magic; by Marguerite Har- of the world. Possible teaching promon Bro, formerly a missionary in cedures containing background ma- China, Ruth E. Murphy, Director of terial and suggested activities make Religious Education, First Presbyte- this course book invaluable for the rian Church, Englewood, N. J., Adah leader. For use by both horne and Kieffer, specialist in Missionary Edu- foreign groups. cation, and associates. A Friendship Press text on rural life in other lands. BEGINNERS Contains stories of farm life in various countries. Practical suggestions Babo:' A South Seas Boy, by May to leaders, such as background ma- Pateman. The most recent addition terial, suggested activities and enter- to the very popular "Nursery Series." The other titles are Ah Fu: a Chinese … llultlished by Central CUlllmittee.

River Boy; Kembo: a Little Girl of Teaching Pictures, the first of a new Africa; The Three Came.ls: a Story series of pictures selected to accomof India; Esa: a Little Boy of Naza- pany the course books. A.set of eight reth; Mitsu: a Little Girl of Japan.' pic,tures averaging nine by twelve inches. MAPS AND PICTURES Friendship Paper DoUs.' Like real Picture Map of the World.' An- children of Korea, China, Japan and other of the Picture Map series. In India. Four dolls, eight inches high, outline form to be completed by the in three colors, with a change of coschildren. tume for each.

Farmers in Many Lands.' A picture 1 Cloth $1.00; paper 60 cents. ~ Cloth 75 cents; paper 50 cents. sheet folder containing twelve pages • Cloth $1.00; paper 75 cents. of pictures on farm life around the • Cloth $1.00. world. Invaluable for use with the li Paper 50 cents. course books. 6 Paper 35 cents, 7 Boards 50 cents each. Rural Life Amund the World.' s Paper 25 cents. I Paper 20 cents.

RELIGIOUS MEMBERSHIP OF THE WORLD Prom 'l'he 'World Almmwo, 1031 North I South I I!I Total America America I Europe I Asia. Africa: oceania, – – – I —(J-h,-r-is-t-ia-n-s– I- – – – – 1—–;—- —- Roman Catholics …….. 40,000,00061,000,0001220,000,0001 7,000,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 331,500,000 Orthodox O'atholic8 .. _.. 1,000,000 . ," ……. ! 120,000,000 20,000,000 3,000,000, ………. : 144:,000,000 Protestants ………….. _~, 000,000 900,0001_1_15_,_000_,0_00 _ _347_,'_000_000_,' 000000- 83 "0000000,'000001,' 76,,000 ,'000000 200, 9OIJ, 000 Total Christians …. 116,000,000 61,900,0001455,000,000 500 682,400,000 Non-Ohristians , !

Jews ……………. …… 4,000,0001 l00,OOO! 10,000,000: 1,000,000 500,000 80,000 15,630,000 Mohammedans …. _….. 20,000 ………. : 5,000,000 160,000,000 44,000,000 .. _…. __ 200,000,000 &ygg~!st~.. :::::::::.:. :::: i~::l&:I1::::::::: :[1::::::::::::11 ……… ~~g'~':l" 352~:'OOOOOO:,000000 ·1 ………. 1 150,180,000 2W,I50, 000 SChoinnftuocisiatsnis.t.s.,..'r.o..o.i.s.t.o.."……..6.0.0.'0..0.0 …………."……………"……….. " '.':.:.:.:. '.':.:••: '.':. :.1:..: .:.::.:.:.:..: :.1 350,000,000 20,000,000 Animists ……………. 50,000 ………. ………… 45,000,000 1)0,500,000 IGQ,()()o.1 1:35,650,000 Miscellaneous ….. ……. 25,000,000 2,000,000 5,000,000 18,000,000 ………… 1 870,0001 50,870,000 ——- —-1— Total Non Christian. _ 30,000,0001~()(),OOOI 20,000,000' 979,000,000 135,OOO,000:-.!:~~,OOO, 1,167,100,000 Grand Total ……… 146,000,000164,000,0001 475,000,000 1,013,000,000 143,000,000 8,000,00011,849,500,000 1 1 PRAYER FOR SPIRITUAL UNION Arouse in the whole body of the people an adventurous willingness, as they War has failed to end war; diplomacy sacrificed greatly for war, so, also, for has failed to end war; only ties of the international goodwill, to dare bravely, spirit infallibly unite; therefore we think wisely, decide resolutely and to pray for the divine alliance of nations, achieve triumphantly. Amen. for the spiritual union of mankind. -Harry Emerson Fosdick. Eternal God, Father of all souls, grant unto us such clear vision of the sin of TWELVE THINGS TO REMEMBER war, that we may earnestly seek that cooperation between nations which alone 1. The value of time. can make war impossible. As man by his 2. The pleasure of working. inventions has made the whole world into 3. The dignity of simplicity. one neighborhood, grant that he may, by 4. The success of perseverance. his cooperations, make the whole world 5. The worth of character. into one brotherhood. Help us to break 6. The power of kindness. down all race prejudice, stay the greed 7. The influence of example. of those who profit by war, and the am- 8, The obligation of duty. bitions of those who seek an imperialistic 9. The wisdom of economy. conquest, drenched in blood. Guide all 10. The virtue of patience. statesmen to seek a just basis for inter- 11. The improvement of talent. national action in the interests of Peace. 12. The joy of originating.

-Mar8hall Field.

DItto-WIDE

AFRICA The noi,se and the clattering, the clink- ing and the howling, suddenly ceased. Ethiopia Sends a Bible to America "Immediately I stepped out and ABible, covered with gold and silver, asked for one of the clattering gourds. and an elaborately fashioned cross, both of native craftsmanship, "Then picking up another one I have been sent by the emperor of handed them to my boy with an ex- Ethiopia to the Washington Cathedral. clamation of surprise that they should The Abyssinian ruler, who claims de- put them to such a use. The tinkling scent from Solomon, sends these as a bells then came off the poor man's leg thank offering for prayers at the ca- and were handed over as a sort of thedral at the time of his ooronation. trophy in our war to save these poor The Bible is in Amharic, court lan- people from their witchcraft. Then guage of Ethiopia. The text is hand came a cow's tail, securely fastened lettered in t:ed and black, on white to a strip of cowhide, which is supvellum, with illuminations in brilliant posed to be efficacious in drawing out colors at the beginning of each Gospel, disease. I was also permitted to take after the style of medireval manu- the 'king' ?f all the charms, hung scripts. The two gifts were forwarded about the slCk man's neck and comfrom Addis Ababa by the American posed of various odd coins and shells, Minister.-The Living Churck. supposed to possess great power in appeasing the spirit Jok. It was be- Witchcraft lieved that this superstitious practice would save the man from death by FRED LASSE, of the Africa Inland bronchial pneumonia." Mission, relates the following ex· perience of intimate contact with Modern Apostles witchcraft: WHEN a number of native evan- "One evening, as I was returning gelists in the Cameroun returned from a trip to the villages, I heard from a vacation, they were asked to strange sounds coming from an en- relate what they had done while away. closure just ahead. I asked my boys Here are a few of the replies: what it was about and they said it "I found a lame woman covered with was the song of Jok, the great evil spirit that they worship. We turned boils, just like Job. 1 helped her all 1 down the lantern and crept up to the house. on tiptoe, entering unobserved, could. 1 cut posts in the forest so the and lIstened to the fiendish music as work of building our new chapel could it rose and fell, accompanied by the rattle of dried gourd shells filled with gO"oInhefalpsetdero. ldIwvoimsietendbsyicckarpreyoinplge.w" ater beans, and the tinkling of rudely for them, and cutting firewood in the for- est and bringing it to them. I helped ;so~m~~en!!oildghtmebne to cut their gardens so cleared before the rains shaped bells tied on the legs of the "I bought twenty-five long nails to hold man for whom they were praying. down the split-log seats we are mak- "As I stood in the dim light of the itnhegmfotrootuhrenetewacchhearp. el Iscahlosool, haenldpegdavtoe fire smouldering in the center of the make thatch and put it on the roof of hut, a boy SUddenly said in a hoarse the chapel. I helped the teacher with fear-laden whisper, 'Bwana! Bwana!' hi~, meetings all dll;y ~nd in his work." (The White Man.1 The Wh1·te man.I) schoTohl,eyso wI ehreelpebdUIilndmthge wa ornke.w I cfhoaupnedl 461

an old widow and helped her with work, Every Sunday an average of 113,820 people gather to hear the Word of so she would know that we Christians God at the preaching services. help .with hands aud not only mouths."

"I 'helped a cripple. His roof was bad and leaky. I helped get leaves for 'mals'

Ithatch] from the raffia swamp and Good Roads and Missions T helped make roof-thatch for his house." HE opening of motor roads is "Each day I called together the people bringing about great changes in of my town and told them the things of God." . the Belgian Congo. Whereas only a few years ago, home-going mission- Out of Their Poverty aries had most difficult journeys, T HROUGHOUT the year that is through dense fvrests and often tak- past, 74,250 worshippers of Christ ing weeks to accomplish, the same in Cameroun opened their treasuries journeys can now be made in a few and presented unto Him gifts. In gold days. These roads also present tre- these amounted to $25,779, but trans- mendous opportunities. for evangel- lated into the terms of the jungle ism. The Government is gradually . they are: compelling the natives to leave the One egg ………………. $0.01 interior of the forest, and to build Seven ears of corn ………. .01 new villages along motor routes. Thus, not only can they be more easily Seven kank ……………. .01 supervised, but each village is respon- sible for the maintenance of a certain Pound of peanuts … . . . . . . . . .05 Two sugar .cane ………… .01 Bunch of bananas ………. .15 Bunch of platain ……….. .20 part of the road. Many chiefs have Chicken……………….. .80 constructed motor roads from their One goat ……………… 3.00 villages to the main roads, and many mission stations are connected in the An average day laborer receives same manner. Itinerating and week- $1.50 per month, while the highest end visits to outstations is made pospaid teacher receives $8.00 a month.

sible. Bicycles are in common use, A Century in West Africa and motor t rucks greatly facilitate the NOVEMBER 9, 1831, the Executive transportation of goods. Committee of the Western Foreign Mission Society, (the forerunner A Supl'eme Achievement A of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign T LUKUNGA, in the Congo, the recently completed church is a Missions, U. S. A.) approved of establishing a mission in Africa. In monument to the native Christians'

January, 1833, the first foreign mis- industry, and their interest in God's sionary of the church sailed for Li- work. Since the founding of the mis- beria. Later this mission was turned sion, meetings had been held in the over to the Methodists and a new open, but in 1927, a group of Chris- work was taken over from the Ameri- tians asked permission to erect, on can Board in French Gaboon, and mission property, a building for wor- was later transferred to French Prot- ship which would protect from the estants. In 1892, after years of sun's heat. The size of the building hardship, opposition, sacrifice and dis- needed, help in making plans, ma- couragement, a new mission was terials required and supervision of opened in Cameroun, West Africa, in. construction were serious problems.

entirely untouched territory filled with Rev. F. G. Leasure, of the A. B. F.

ignorant and degraded savages. To- M. S., visited Lukunga in 1927 and day this m1SSlon reports ninety drew a plan for the building. The American Presbyterian missionaries natives had then made 20,000 bricks with over 1,500 African Christian and had Frs. 12,000 in their treasury.

teachers and preachers, more than 30,- The following year was spent in mak- 000 communicant church members and ing brick and colIecting material for 31,000 children in mission schools. foundations. The sawing of timber

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK 46~

was divided among the villages. In classes of readers are represented: stu- 1929 the walls were erected, teachers dents of secondary schools, university and children spending free hours in students, officers, teachers, etc. carrying mortar and brick. The roof was added in 1930 and the church is Good Turkish literature in the new now complete. characters is one of the needs which the American Board would like to sup- T,o make 30,000 bricks by hand, cut ply in much larger measure, for an and plane all the timbers by hand, unquenchable thirst for reading is carryall materials on their heads or being created on a far wider scale backs for a church 39 feet by 52 feet than ever before.-MissionaTY Herald. means heroism. In four years 19,000 headloads of rock, mortar, bricks, tim- Changing Persia ber, cement, lime, galvanized iron and hardware, have been carried for dis- THE Persia of ten, or even of five, tances varying from 300 yards to three years ago, no longer exists, says days away (three days going and Miss E. N. Aidin, a C. M. S. missionthree returning). Not even a wheel- ary. The construction of roads has barrow was used. The work has had brought far-off villages into close cona vital part in their spiritual life and tact with the central Government in has provided much in the way of Teheran. The country has been flooded training for young and old who have with gramophones, and picture theahad a part in it.-Congo Mission ters are appearing everywhere. Islam News. is rapidly losing its hold in the larger towns and a new national conscious- WESTERN ASIA ness is all that is offered to take its place. The situation is full of both What Turks Are Reading dangers and possibilities, and as the mis·sionaries watch these changes they THE amazing exchange of the Ara- feel that the situation presents a mag- bic alphabet, used by Turkey for nificent challenge to go up and possess hundreds of years, to a romanized the land in the name of Christ. alphabet has in the two years so greatly simplified the task of learning Request for a Christian Doctor to read Turkish that many formerly illiterate are now no longer so. AMERCHANT prince of Per,sia, Haji Moeen-e-Tojar el Bouchiri The awakened interest in reading of Teheran, known far and wide as has led one of the leading dailies of an upright man and given to good Istanbul, the Vakit (Time), to make works, a ,sincere and devout Moslem, a study of the question, "What are has made an offer to the Presbyterian we reading?" A special writer ex- Mission in Persia to support, at his amined a few reading rooms and li- own expense, a Christian doctor in braries in the city and the results of Najaf, one of the "Holy Cities" of his observations were published. Islam in Mesopotamia. This merchant prince has supplied water to the city Of the reading room, which for of Najaf-free to all who come and several years has been one of the get it with their own jugs and for projects of the American Board, he one-half anna per skinful to profeswrote: sional water sellers-and the receipts from its sale amount to about 1,500 The American Reading Room today tomans (about $1,300) a month. He ranks second among all the Istanbul li- has conceived the idea of using the braries in point of daily average attend- receipts to pay for the support of a ance. Since it is one of the poorest in- small hospital and has asked that a stitutions in the number of books in the Christian doctor be found to take library, we found it necessary to discover charge of it.-Presbyterian Advance. the reason for the extraordinary use made of it. The books for the most part relate to modern literature, science, art, travel, history, fiction, etc. . The average daily attendance is 525. All

INDIA, BURMA, SIAM teamwork which should mean great things in days to come. We have Baptism of (laste Hindus been allowed to witness things for which decades of missionaries in this AMASS movement towards Chris- place have longed and prayed and tianity is developing among the WQrked.-W. E. S. Holland, in John's Bhils, an aboriginal tribe found in College. Western India. There is every hope that the whole of the Bhil community An All-India Women's College in this area will become Christian if the work among them can be de- T ADY IRWIN, the wife of the reveloped. L tiring vicerQY, was acting presi- On October 31, last year, eighty-six Bhil men, women, and children were dent of the All-India Women's Educabaptized in the C. M. S. Mission in tiQn Fund Association, which has been Western India. Never before in that considering the advisability .of estabmission had a group of caste Hindus lishing a central college for women at been received into the Church. The Agra. This will require thirteen lakhs baptisms took place in the River God- of rupees-abGut $450,000–a part of avari, at a spot where for centuries which has already been subscribed. millions of Hindu pilgrims had bathed It is proposed not toO duplicate fQreign to be ceremonially cleansed from their institutions of learning, but to offer sins. The -baptismal service lasted in this college the branches most esnearly two hours, and then the con- sential toO Indian women in their own verts marched in procession back to special sphere of life. One of the the village, and as they passed their principle branches suggested is Indian (lId Hindu temples they raised the Home Science, including sanitation, shout: "Christ Maharai ki iai" (Vic- health, cooking and care .of children. tory to Christ). Let us hope it will include lectures .on morals, ethic,s, sex relations, indus- Gospel Team at Agra College trial justice and sQcial service.

THE visit of the Burmese Gospel Disturbance in Burma Team to the College at Agra has opened a new chapter in our college FOR some months there has been a history. Throughout my thirty years serious uprising .of bandits, or dain India I have never yet witnessed coits, in the districts in Burma in such a manifest working of the Spirit which American Baptist mission staof ~d. Out of 420 stUdents, 100 are tions are lQcated. Tharrawaddy and Moslems and 220 are Hindus. The ThQnze, with lesser outbreaks in the Burmans gave both Christians and vicinity .of Pyapon, Pyinmana, HennGnChristians, .only one – eighth is zada, and ToungQo. These disturb- Christian by name, an entirely new ances have been the result .of the invision of what free, joyous, natural tense NatiQnalism and general unrest Christian devotion means, and .of prevalent in the East; in part, .of the what it is to be living in a Chris- general lawlessness in that sectiQn of tian fellowship. Every day since they Burma; and, in part, .of the eCQnQmic left, something fresh, something defi- pressure caused by general hard times nite, has happened. Many nonChris- and the slump in the price .of rice. tian students are coming privately to One British official has been killed, ask how they may knGw Jesus Christ several Karen Christian villages have for themselves. AmGng our Christian been wiped out, and many Burmans students there has been formed a and Karens have been killed· by the group of six .or seven who have bandits. The Burma Rifles, composed stepped Gut into quite a new life of principally .of Karen and Kachin ,sol- diers, have been sent to Tharrawaddy. Christian liberty and fellowship and and have taken a large part in the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

capture of the leaders and the quell- the Karen. The villagers, in token of ing of the disturbance. appreciation, contributed towards our This uprising of bandits, involving Gospel Team funds Rs. 194, besides the destruction of one or two village entertaining all to the very best of churches, has made it difficult for mis- their ability. Sixteen young people sionaries to tour in the Tharrawaddy of the Insein church had their first and Thonze district. Gospel Team experience and it put new life into them and their Christian BurDla for Christ MoveDlent Endeavor. These young people are mostly clerks and business people. A NEW Forward Evangelistic Move- The greatest results were in the ment has been endorsed by the things not seen, renewed prayer life, Burma Baptist Missionary Conven- deepened consecration, fresh vision of tion. The Christian Council Evan- reality and an increased passion for gelistic Committee plans to make this winning others. Whenever the cama movement for a deepening of the paigns themselves are real spiritual spiritual life of all Christians, and events, then some people say that the through them of the churches. To greatest results are to be found in the accomplish this all must have a new campaigners themselves. – Saw Chit realization of what Christ means to Maung, in the News (Rangoon). them personally, and what Chris- tianity means to Burma. The Christian Council Evangelistic Committee Church for Lepers Dedicated A is planning special literature in Bur- FINE new church was dedicated on December 28th at the Moulmese and Karen and other languages. In spite of, or may be because of, mein Leper Home, Lower Burma.

rebellion, dacoities and hard times "It was very impressive to see the Burmans are especially susceptible to Lepers, more than 100 out of 110 in- the Gospel at present, but they will mates in the home with their new not become Christians until the Bur- clothing given them at Christmas man and Karen and other Christians time, in the body of the church, while are aroused to bring to them the the pulpit platform was crowded with blessings they themselves have re- friends; many others were sitting in ceived. motor buses because they could not get inside the church. Mr. J. J. An- Gospel Teallls in BurDla derson, a friend of the Lepers, pre- ONE hundred and eighty-eight, sided. seventeen of whom were mission- The Lepers themselves requested aries, formed themselves into seven- the privilege of having a part in the teen Gospel Teams for campaigns in service, and they sang in Telugu, Burfifty-three villages of Burma during mese and in English.

Christmas week. It was a real demon- It Was wonderful when one con- stration of what cooperation means in siders their condition, to hear them evangelism! If we can have enough sing: "Brighten the Corner Where of that kind of cooperation that they Y,ou Are"-to their fellow lepers.

had at Pentecost, we shall have in During the year they have been tak- Burma a Pentecost. For immediate re- ing offerings at their church service sults there were 436 public confessions and though they get only One Anna offaith in Jesus Christ. Nineteen were (2 cents) a day. Here is real sacri- baptized and many more will follow ficial giving and as a result for the later. <Among the participants were past year the Leper Church has made six high school teachers and twenty- contributions to the Mission Hospital, six students from school and college, Moulmein, whose doctors and nurses besides some Bible School girls. The have been caring for them; to the rest were from the seminaries, chiefly All-Burma Baptist Orphanage, Moul– 5

mein ; the MissiQn tQ the Blind 'Of "As it is the first time in the his- Burma; the MissiQn t'O Lepers in In- tQry 'Of China that educated men and dia; and alsQ tQ their new church WQmen have gone to live with and buiIding.-Wm. G. Evans. wQrk fGr the cDuntry people, we have arDused cDnsiderable comment among CHINA thDse who know 'Of 'Our WDrk. Even SDme educatDrs charge political mo- Captured Missionaries Released tives, but a steadily grDwing grGUp of -suppDrters believe that by identifying 1'HE Rev. Allie GQdfrey LindhQlm, 'Ourselves with the peDple, learning American Scandanavian Alliance their needs and the best ways 'Of meetmissiQnary 'Of Kalgan, whQ was cap- ing them, we are taking the essential tured by bandits last April and taken first steps fDr the recDnstructiQn 'Of tG the OrdGs district, was released a 'Our cDuntry. week later 'On the payment 'Of $2,500 Mexican (abGut $600) ranSQm. "While seeking tQ raise the stand- ards 'Of living.in rural districts, we The Rev. K. N. Tvedt, 'Of St. Paul, must aVQid the fatal errQr of assum- American Lutheran United MissiQn ing a patrDnizing! attitude tQwards missi'Onary 'Of KwangchDw, HDnan, the peDple, and secDnd, the danger, who had been held captive by Chinese as we say in Chinese, ''Of 'raising the CDmmunists since last October, was level of c'OnsumptiQn without raising released 'On April 19th 'On payment 'Of the level 'Of production.' We cannot, ranSQm. and would not if we could, lower 'Our standards tQ those of the backward The Rev. Bert NelsQn, 'Of Minne- villages and yet we want in every way apQlis, another Lutheran missiQnary possible to merge our life with the of Kwangshan, HDnan PrDvince, cap- village life, and avoid widening the turned last OctDber and detained at already existing gap between our- Hwangan with Mr. Tvedt, was held selves and the country people. A -sane fQr a ranSDm 'Of $10,000 Mexican sDlution to this problem is the key (abDut $2,400). He is repQrted tQ to the whDle reconstructiDn pr'Oject." have been released. The ten-year project is to be di- It is a rule that missions dQ nGt vided intD three units: Literacy and ranSQm their representatives, but the education; agriculture and eCDnomic rule was mGdified in the cases 'Of these reconstruction; and self-government missiQnaries at the request 'Of Ameri- and citizenship training. can 'Officials, as the tWQ men were being tortured. Threat to Close St. John's College Miss Esther NQrdlund, 'Of ChicagQ, ST. JOHN'S UNIVERSITY, EpisCG- Miss Augusta Nelson and Oscar An- pal college in Shanghai, has rederson, all of the Scandinavian Al- ceived an ultimatum frDm the gDvernliance MissiQn, were captured by ment 'Of Greater Shanghai (the CQmmunists at Kingchowfu, Hupeh Chinese city in which the missionary PrQvince, and were held fQr ranSGm school is situated) that it must combut Miss NelsQn and Miss NQrdlund plete its registration under the nawere repQrted released on April 23d. tional ministry 'Of education befDre September or it will not be permitted Uplifting the Masses to 'Open. This institution is the 'Only outstanding mission college in China A SIGNIFICANT educatiQnal move- that remains unregistered. Its stu- ment 'Of mQdern times is the 'One dents may nDt transfer to any regfQr mass educatiQn in China, made istered college or university and its possible by simplified methods of graduates do not receive government teaching. A recent development is an certificates with their diplomas. They intensive ten-year campaign fGr rural areas. Mr. James Yen, director of the mQvement, writes:

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

are therefore ineligible t'O take civil newcomer is taught to pray, and many service examinations or to receive ap- realize at once the powe'r of prayer. pointments to any institution under A large number marry, some have bethe control or supervision of the gov- come pastors' wives. Others remain ernment. A large proportion of its and enter the industrial department students have been sons of Shanghai and begin lives of financial independmerchants, wh'O enter their fathers' ence. business upon graduation. A Chinese General's Appeal The local authorities are now insisting that upon registration all re- GENERAL CHANG TSE-CHIANG, ligious activities upon the' campus a former ,subordinate of Marshal must cease. Other registered mission Feng Yu-hsiang, has been appointed colleges are prevented from requiring Commissioner for the Suppression of students to attend chapel and other Banditry and Communism in North services of worship, and from having Kiangsu. Recently, addressing a meetany required courses in religion. ing of over seven hundred persons in Yanchow, he pled with them to get It is reported that St. J.ohn's pro- rid of their prejudices and ignorance posed to the ministry that they be and to investigate Christianity sinpermitted to register under conditions cerely. He said that the Three Prinsimilar to those obtaining for mission ciples of Sun Yat-sen were intended schools in Japan,. namely, that they to make China a strong country, but have authority to require that every that 'Only Christianity could save her. student either attend Christian wor- He urged the Christians to witness ship or ethical lectures. Chinese edu- to the faith that was in them not cational authorities have admitted merely with their lips, but in consethat the serious weakness of their crated lives. present rules and regulations are that no provision is made for definite char- It is no small thing for such an acter-building activities in colleges important official to champion the and universities. Lord's cause so boldly in these days ·in China! But·it is an indication of For many months President Chiang a new turn of events in this land.- Kai-shek has been serving concurrently E. H. Foster. as acting minister of educati'On. His assumption of this portfoUo so soon Dr. T. T. Lew on the Bible after his conversion to Christianity naturally has caused a great deal of THE Bible is a living book in China. speculation. Dr. T. T. Lew, of Peking, address- ing the British and Foreign Bible So- "Door of Hope" ciety, said that Chinese authors use Bible terms freely and occasionally EACH year since its founding in use Biblical quotations as titles f'Or 1901, the "Door of Hope," a res- their writings. He expressed the cue home for women and girls in sentiment of Chinese Christians on Shanghai, has shown ,steady progress. the following three points: A children's home, sanitarium and preaching hall have been added, and (1) Chinese Christians are grateful in 1922 another work-the Children's for translations of the Bible; (2) Refuge, was opened, adding 65 more they accept the Bible as God's Word, to be cared for. At present, there are believing that it has more than lit- 240 in the Refuge and 116 in the erary value; and (3) they look for- Door of Hope. In the Sanitarium are ward to the day when Chinese Wy- 44 patients. To the Receiving Home cliffes, Tyndales and Luthers will give a day school is attached, with 75 boys the people versions peculiarly their in attendance. own.

Immediately upon arriving, the

JAPAN-CHOSEN ings and there were many decisions American Movies for Christ, or for a better Christian life. NINETY American residents of Tokyo appealed some months ago A Bible class in EngJi.sh was started to the United States Senate to control for the boys in the Government Midthe shipment of American films to J a- dle School in North Kyung Sung.- pan. Now the National Christian Coun- Korean Echoes.

cil of Japan-the body which coordi- The Printed Page nates the work of all the Protestant churches in the empire-has written ELEVEN thousand copies of the the Federal Council of Churches beg- Kingdom of God Newspaper have ging it to "take every step possible been used since its beginning. At the to prevent the continued influx of present time we are using 300 copies undesirable American films into J a- a week and have 232 paid subscrippan." The Japanese Council tells of tions. Holders have been placed in a visit by its social welfare commit- each of the fifty-eight barber shops in tee, composed entirely of Japanese, to Fukushima City and these papers the Tokyo police department, discuss- are being delivered to each shop by ing the destructive moral effects of members of the Barbers' Union who the movies in the Japanese capital. volunteered their services. Without The chief censor of the police, a non- exception the paper was welcomed in Christian, stated that their "greatest every shop and the results have justiproblem was with the films which fied the experiment which we hope to come from America. Many of these extend to hospitals, doctors' offices and films are highly detrimental to the other places where people have time morals of the Japanese." It is time to read while they wait.-Ira D. that the State Department is granted Crewdson.

power over such traffic.-The Chris- The Bible and a Shinto Priest tian Century. MR. ENDO, a Japanese Christian, who sells Bibles on the streets Revival in Pyengyang of Japan, recently approached a well ABOUT three hundred new believers dressed man to whom he quickly sold are reported attending the vari- an expensive copy. Surprised at theous churches in Pyengyang as a re- purchaser's readiness to buy, Mr.

sult of the recent revival meetings. Endo heard the following story: Immediately following the union meet- "I am the priest of the Shinto ings held in the College Auditorium, shrine here. Recently the young men's a series specially for students was con- and young women'.g associations de- ducted by the Asbury College Band, cided to call a speaker to address them three consecrated young graduates of on some helpful subjects. The Bud- Asbury College, California, with their dhist priest was first asked, but about former fellow-student, Mr. Robert two times finished him. The principal Chung, as interpreter. They carried of the high school, next invited, re- out a strenuous program in the high plied that he had nothing they would schools, the foreign school, college, care ror. Then they asked me. I was- and seminary, in addition to three nonplussed, but went for advice to a.

united meetings daily in the audito- relative of mine, a Christian. He sug- rium. Each evening, the large build- gested I read the Sermon on the- ing was packed with about five Mount and give them those teachings, thousand, mostly students and young not saying it was Christianity. He people, who listened with breathless gave me a portion containing those attention to strong, forceful presenta- words and I have since wished to have tions of the Gospel. Large numbers the complete Bible." – Woman's Mis- remained for prayer at the after meet- sionary Friend.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Christianity in Ohosen of security, knowing that medical skill may be had within a few hours when BUDDHISM has prevailed in Korea necessity arises. With this relief for hundreds of years. Chris- work is a system for sending religious tianity came less than fifty years ago. and general literature to isolated set- tiers; and a few itinerant preachers Of Korea's twenty millions, less now travel by airplane. – AustraUan than four in every hundred are affili- Christian World. ated with the Christian Church, and yet the head of the Department of Youth Movement in the Philippines Religions of the Government-general recently said that Christianity oper- THE Third Biennial Convention of ates 82 per cent of the church schools, the Philippine Christian youth 90 per cent of the Sunday Schools, 87 Monument, was h e I d recently in per cent of the places of religious Union Seminary building, Manila. worship, and enrolls 85 per cent of all The convention theme was "Highways the religious workers. to National Righteousness." Stand- ards of profound spiritual value were Christianity preserved and made set forth in a responsive reading enpopular the native Korean script titled "The Decalogue of Protestant which the old type scholars looked up- Youth." Three statements are, on as too easy for a learned man. "We accept Jesus as the Son of the Christianity brought to Korea the living God and as our personal Savfirst school for girls, and at, present iour"; maintains the- only college for girls. "We believe the Holy Bible to be Christianity established the first the inspired word of God and the modern school for boys in Korea. supreme authority for all Christians in matters of faith and life"; Christianity has made it possible for the women of Korea to be freed "We believe Christ is calling to from the prison of the inner yard youth t·o lead in the building of His of the home. kingdom in these islands."

Christianity is the leader in the Thirty-two years ago there was not fight against the evils of drink, social a Protestant church or Sunday School vice, intemperance! in the Islands. Today, there are 100,- 000 in the 1,000 Sunday Schools. In Christianity is the religion that spite of the fact that the Philippine does things !-Charles A. Sauer. Legislature only a few months ago decided that the time had not arrived ISLANDS OF THE PAOIFIO for the national prohibition of the cockpit with its open gambling, the Aerial Medical Service Protestant Youth Movement voted, "We will enter into an aggressive FOUNDED by the Presbyterian struggle against all vice, ignorance, Church of Australia in 1912 for social wrong, including political corthe white population scattered over ruption, usury, the exploitation of the lonely places of the continent, the the poor, intolerance, superstition, Australia Inland Mission has become cockfighting, gambling, cabarets, the one of the most practical religious social evil, the double standard of forces in the Australian frontiers. morality, and the use of intoxicating beverages." These same youths will Twelve nursing homes are main- be elected to the Legislature in a comtained and staffed by twenty-four paratively few years, and will then nurses. These have become religious make the laws in accord with present and social, as well as healing centers. resolutions of' the Christian Youth An aerial ambulance service is now Movement. in operation and each year about 50 major calls are made. Twelve sets of wireless instruments are in constant use to summon a doctor when telegraph or telephone is not available. Thus the bushmen have a new -sense

Changes in New Guinea after my first visit, I returned to the NEAR the f·ormer mission station village Bogadjim and visited the an- of Bogadjim, New Guinea, back cient Asa place. The old giant tree of a large native village named Born, was still there, but it was grown around with underbrush. The hut stands a great wild rubber tree, about that used to be there was destroyed. 150 feet high. It overtops all other A good road led close to the former trees and exceeds them greatly in the terrible place, and now men, women spread of its branches. As recently and children walk there without fear. as twenty~s.ve years ago, the inhabi- The place has lost its terrors. Near tants of the near-by villages regarded by is a well-kept, Christian cemetery this old tree as tabu, (sacred). The and the graves are well cared for. space under its branches was kept On all there are neat crosses, on clean, since it was the place where which are the names of those buried all festivals were celebrated connected there, and Bible verses. The Gospel with the Asa, the secret cult of the has been victorious! Papuans. If a woman or child had approached the place during a fes- "The ancient magic is gone for ever.

tival, they would have been put to In the villages of this region there death. This secret cult of the Pap- were only two people left who were uans was related to spirit belief and still heathen while all the rest have the worship of ancestors. become Christian. The younger gen- At festivals weird music was played eration knew nothing of the mystery on strange instruments, long bamboo of the giant tree monster and the rods, calabashes and rattles made of older men were ashamed. Whenever hard shells. As soon as the music a new grave is dug in the cemetery a was heard, all the village folk knew native pastor gives joyful testimony that Asa had come and they were kept of the living hope of Christians.

in fear and trembling as long as the "Hundreds of thousands of Papuans celebrations lasted. in New Guinea still live in awe of Under this tree the ceremonies con- such terrors as are connected with their ancient religion. They still nected with circumcision took place practice the horrors of that ancient when the boys of the village reached religion. The Gospel will help to free the age of manhood. For months the them from such terrors !"-A. Hoffdull sound of the tom-toms and the mann, in Mi88ionsnachrichten. other nerve racking music resounded.

Magic articles were kept and the ma- gicians practiced their dark arts NORTH AMERICA there. Many a raid on di·stant villages was planned and natives anx- The Christian Endeavor'. Jubilee iously strove to guard the secrets of pFTY years of Christian Endeavor the tree. .l' service and growth will be cele- The Asa cult has been the greatest brated July 11 to 16 in the Interna- obstacle to the Gospel. Great orgies tional Christian Endeavor Convention, led to most shameless acts. If a in San Franciseo, Calif. Exposition missionary tried to raise his voice Auditorium, seating 14.000 persons, against these pra.ctices he was si- has been secured for the main seslenced by fierce threats. Many an sions and in the ·same building are older missionary wondered in sorrow, fourteen other halls in which meetwhether the time would ever come, ings will be held to consider all phases when the power of darkness would be of young people's religious activities broken. and interests.

Now Rev. A. Hoffman of the Dutch Dr. Daniel A. Poling, president of Mission, writes: the International Society of Christian "In 1929, a quarter of a century Endeavor, will give the keynote ad-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

dress of the c'Onvention 'On Saturday Negro race in America is not far re- evening at the 'Opening sessi'On and moved from the centuries of their each n'O'On will speak over a nati'On- b'Ondage t'O pagan idolatry in Africa. wide network of radi'O stations. If his confidence in the white man and his religion is gone, he will drift Mrs. Francis E. Clark, wh'O joined rapidly from his faith. And when with Dr. Clark in f'Ounding the first the drift gains momentum, Negroes Christian Endeav'Or S'Ociety at Port- will turn upon their own Christian land, Maine, will be a guest speaker lealers as but imitators 'Of the "white in the San Francisc'O Conventi'On at man's" religion. It will then be tou some 'Of the main sessions and in the late tu talk about the "evangelizatiun junior c'Onvention of children under 'Of the Negr'Oes 'Of America." The thirteen. work Will be hard indeed.

Dr. William Hiram Foulkes, 'Of Secund, this drift fr'Om their Chris- Newark, New Jersey, vice-president tian faith comes from the leadership of the International S'Ociety 'Of Chris- 'Of those who have been· educated in tian Endeavor, will be another speak- large universities which are n'Ow sater and the music will be in charge urated with rationalism and with a of Homer R'Odeheaver and Percy S. pagan philosophy 'Of human life and F'Oster, America's f'Orem'Ost leaders 'Of human destiny. Pagan education in song, with a ch'Orus of 800 v'Oices. America is thus ruining the highest prospects 'Of the Negro in America President H'O'Over, who assisted in by setting him adrift and destroying 'Organizing a; Christian Endeavor S'O- the world objectives that were beciety in Oregon many years ago, may ginning to dawn bef'Ore him as an attend this c'Onvention in his h'Ome evangelical Christian people.-Charles state, provided his official responsi- T. Alexander. bilities make the trip possible. How Mormonism Grows N'Orth America counts 3,000,000 young people who are members of eeMORMONISM has become a dead Christian Endeavor Societies, and in issue," said one wh'O spent a addition the plans and activities of the youth of the churches at large few h'Ours in Salt Lake City. have frequently been guided by the "Mormonism is stronger and more objectives ad'Opted by Christian Endeavor. The 'Other c'Ontinents have a aggressive than ever," is another obt'Otal membership 'Of more than 1,000,- servation nearer the truth. Morm'Ons 000 young people, who are members puint with pride to a growth from 6 'Of the Society, making this the largest members in 1830 tu 600,000 in 1930. y'Oung pe'Ople's organizati'On in the By proselyting it keeps alive and world. It is significant that this grows, as well as by making family y'Outh movement for training and increase the greatest c'Ommand 'Of G'Od service is evangelically Christian. t'O man. It has usually about 2,100 emissaries 'Out fr'Om the Utah region, The Negro'. Religion t'O which number re'Organized M'Or- m'Onism adds perhaps 200 m'Ore. I N SOME places the American Mormons are knit t'Ogether by isola- Negr'O is drifting away fr'Om the ti'On, discipline, intermarriage and Christian religi'On. Many are bec'Om- cooperative interests. The organizaing Mohammedans. At present there ti'On is systematic. There is a duty are approximately 300,000 Moham- fur everyone. Visitation of the sick, medan Negroes in America. and relief 'Of the needy are carried 'On through well 'Organized agencies. He is breakin.g fr'Om the old moor- L'Oyalty to the church is fostered more ings of his hist'Oric Christian faith as effectively by a system 'Of thDr'Ough given him by evangelical people. It indDctrinati'On than thrDugh any 'Other took many centuries to free the He- single fact'Or. The meth'Od 'Of calling brew race from pagan idolatry. The

young men to serve the church at without fDOd. Sleeping in snowbanks their own expense, outside of the at night, he staved off severe frost home territory, for a period extend- bites. It was five days later that an ing over at least two years is un- Eskimo discovered him and took him paralleled. A force comprising about back to safety. 1,200 in the States and about 900 outside the States are continually work- This incident illustrates the dangers ing in the ir,terest of their cause. and the courage of those engaged in These missions are said to represent extending the KingdDm in the frozen an annual cost of two million dollars, north.-The Living Church. and the property is valued at two million more. Verm.ont Chnrch Union "Restoration Fund" AFEDERATION of churches in Vermont succeeded by close coop- THE United Presbyterian Foreign eratiDn between the officials .of the Board repDrts the success .of their three leading denDminatiDns, Baptist, "RestDration Fund," which makes it CDngregational and MethDd·ist, to propDssible for the Board to send back tD duce excellent results thrDugh nuthe field all .of the 20 missiDnaries WhD merDUS "exchanges .of fields" and had been retired from lack of funds, the cultivation .of fellowship amDng except thDse who were unable to re- these denDminations. A few years turn fDr one reason or another. Not ago leading laymen and ministers only is this return made possible, but gathered to hear the results of a support for these missiDnaries is guar- study of 15 years .of comity between anteed for five years. the Protestant denominations and to study every community in the state, Hardships in the Arctic where missiDnary money was spent. A motion was made by a Methodist SEVERE hardships were undergDne district superintendent, and adopted by the Rev. J. H. Webster, one of unanimously, that thDse present were the Church of England missionaries ready for organic union of the three among the Eskimos, WhD was lDst fDr denominatiDns. The effects of that almost a week in the CorDnatiDn Gulf meeting are still felt in the eliminaregiDn .of the Arctic. In weather that tion of cDmpetitiDn between the deranged from 30 to 40 degrees belDw nominations. zero, the missionary wandered, lost, until finally discovered by a native LATIN AMERICA Eskimo when he was nearly prostrated frDm starvation and exposure. For Baptist Work in Nica.ragna five days he had no fDDd; his dDgS had brDken lo.ose or had separated from MANAGUA, the capital of Nicarahim. He is recuperating at the gov- gua, recently destrDyed by an ernment radio station at Coronation earthquake, has bee n the head- Gulf, and is reported to be on the way quarters of the Baptist MissiDn in to recovery. Nicaragua since 1917. The Baptist church of two hundred and fifty mem- On January 24th, the missionary bers was led by an able Nicaraguan left Coronati.on Gulf, where he has a pastor, and the attendance at Sunday small church, tD visit scattered bands SChODl was over four hundred. There .of EskimDs in the sealing camps. was also a Baptist SChODl with an en- rDllment of about four hundred. The He missed the Eskimo camp and, Evelyn Briggs Cranska Memorial when his sled encountered particular- HDspital cDntained thirty beds. "Buildly rDugh ice on Sunday, his lead dog ings total lDSs; missionaries safe," broke IDose. He then set .out to catch was the message after the earthquake. the dog, but became lost. From then If the disaster had happened when until Thursday night he wandered the -school was in session, many chiI-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

dren would probably have lost their sions, at least 50,000 children and lives. young people are receiving regular in- struction in the hundreds of Sunday The American Baptist Home Mis- Schools and Young People's Societies sion Society and the Woman's Ameri- scattered over Cuba. The Roman can Baptist Home Mission Society are Catholic Church in c.onsequence has taking steps to rebnild the school been stimulated to more efficient methbuildings and the hospital, but the ods in religious and secular instrucinsurance will be far from sufficient tion. The archbishop went so far as to provide new earthquake proof to issue a public statement urging buildings. their people to read the Bible.- American Friend. A large part of the population of Managua has taken refuge 'in neigh- Revolution in Honduras boring towns and cities. It is hoped that the same thing will happen as r ATIN American countries, like the is recorded in the eighth chapter of the Acts: "They that were scattered L Balkan States of Europe, are in abroad went everywhere preaching the Word." The next advance step the political volcanic belt. The defor the Baptist Mission ought toO be structive earthquake in Nicaragua the opening of work on the Atlantic has been followed (April 19th) by a Coast, where there is nD mission con- new revolution in Honduras, its cenducting work in Spanish. The Mo- tral American neighbor. The storm ravian Church of the United States centers seem to be Tela and Ceiba Dn for eighty years has evangelized the the north coast, where the Episcopal Indians here and has a membership of Diocese of British Honduras carries more than twelve thousand. Inasmuch on a small evangelical work. Blueas the Spanish-speaking population is fields, Nicaragua, where the Moincreasing the Moravians have urged ravians have a well established misthe Baptist Mission to extend its min- sion, is also the scene of revolutionary istry to the Atlantic Coast where some activity. Nicaraguan Baptists havesettled.- Chas. S. Detweiler. Missionary Murdered, Station Burned Children in Cuba ON MARCH 31st the Sandinistas attacked the Moravian Mission BEFORE the Spanish – American station .of Musawas, in the Wangks War there were no schools in River District of Nicaragua, mur- Cuba, except a very few for the boys dered the missionary, the Rev. Karl of the wealthier families. Later, a Bregenzer, and burned the new $4,000 public school system was inaugurated mission building. Mrs. Bregenzer, which, with all its weaknesses, re- with her two little children and her duced the percentage of illiteracy mother escaped. from 75 per cent to 27 per cent. Over half the first grade drop out before The Moravian missionaries care for the second grade, and ,successively 13,000 Creoles and Indians at 58 staeach grade is about one-half the pre- tions, outstations and preaching places ceding grade. in Nicaragua. They do not work among the Spanish-speaking people. The Government theoretically pro- They have nothing to fear from the vides elementary education for chil- Indians, all of whom are their friends, dren and has a compulsory attendance but any American Mis,sion is exposed law, although it cannot be enforced to the enmity of the Sandinistas. with the present facilities. In the c.ountry the provisions are meager, As the United States Government indeed. Secondary schools are largely has announced that it cannot underleft to private initiative. Since the take to protect American lives and coming of Protestant Christian mis- prDperty in the interior, where the majority of the Moravian mission sta-

tions are, these stations are at the the world. An Executive Committee mercy of the Sandinistas who consider has been selected to draft a constitu- the pronouncement practically an in- tion.

vitation to attack them. As the Nic- araguan National Guard cannot cope New Alllerican Church in Paris T with the situation, missionaries have HE first American institution in Paris was a church. It was founded been ordered to the port towns, where American warships are stationed. in 1857. The American Church of Paris will dedicate a new $800,000 Campaign in South Alllerica edifice this coming July. It is a Union REV. HARRY STRACHAN is visit- Church and "Jesus Hominum Salva- ing South America to confer with tor" is its only creed. All evangelical missionaries regarding future evan- denominations in Paris sink minor gelistic work. He will collaborate in differences in order to unite for hold- Peru with missionaries, of the Free ing high the Cross of Chri,st.

Church of Scotland. His first stop is When the Franco-Prussian War to be in Ecuador. The most neglected broke out, Dr. Josiah G. Holland, the part of Brazil is the state of Ceara. poet and essayist, was the superin- It has 1,500,000 inhabitants without tendent of the. Sunday Sch{)ol.

a single mis·sionary. Distinguished worshippers have in- cluded Ulysses S. Grant, Theodore Mr. Strachan's journey will occupy Roosevelt, Herbert Hoover, and Woodthe rest 'of' this year.-Latin Ameri- row Wilson. Each of these U. S. can Evangelist.

Presidents belonged to a different de- Chilean Leaders List Bible First nomination. Additional proof of unity I N SANITAGO, Chile, the editor of is to be found in the fifteen different a leading daily newspaper, El Mer- sects at the Thanksgiving dinner for curio, asked, from leaders of thought students.

in that country, a list of the twenty- Permission to conduct the American five books that a person ought to read Chapel was first granted provided that if he desired to be looked upon as edu- the services be held in the English cated. For two months, 'on alternate language only, but the French Gov- days, these lists were published. ernment later decided to ignore it Sometimes the Gospels were men- and forget it.

tioned and sometimes the New Testa- Dr. Joseph W. Cochran, the present ment, but in the majority of the lists pastor also aids Protestant mission the Bible took first place I-Alliance work among the French lower classes.

Weekly. The new church building on the Quai d'orsay is in modified Gothic; EUROPE it is also a practical, seven-day-a-week League of Colored People church, where every aspect of life will ALEAGUE of colored peoples has be touched for the Church House is been established in the central a modern community center, includ- Y. M. C. A. of London. The main ing a gymnasium, kindergarten, liobjects of the League are provision- brary, lecture hall, sociaf rooms.-J. ally stated as follows: 1. To promote R. Montague.

the economic, educational, civic and social interests of colored peoples; 2. Mussolini and the Waldenses To assist colored peoples in distress; 3. To improve relations between As THE Waldensians are the strong- est group of evangelicals in Italy, races; 4. To cooperate with organi- many have interpreted the Pope's re- zations sympathetic to colored people; cent comment on Protestant aggres- 5. To encourage interest in the wel- siveness in Rome as especially directed fare of colored people in all parts of against them. The pastor of the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

largest Waldensian Church in Rome remarked that: "Spain was oppressed makes the following statement: by a dead body lying on her, and that is the Church of Rome."-The Chris- In February the Moderator of the tian. Waldensian Church of Italy, Dr. V. A. Costabel, was received by the Premier Religious Education in the Balkans of Italy in Rome. The Moderator wanted to inform the Duce concerning the schools DELEGATES representing the Or- of the Waldenses and the religious in- thodox Churches and Christian struction of their children. The Premier Youth Work in the Balkans met at a listened with great interest to all the conference to consider questions relat- Moderator told him about the work of ing to the religious education of the Waldensian Church in Italy, and youth. Several Protestant members several times expressed his profound of world Christian associations of personal admiration for the Waldenses, young people took part in the proceed- assuring the Moderator that they would ings. always enjoy liberty of conscience in Italy.-Presbyterian Advance. The conference reviewed the situa- tion among young people in Greece Protestant Revival in Flanders and Bulgaria, and in the Russian emi- grant circles in Central and Western THE xx Siecle reports that a group Europe. Youth has fallen away from of very active Fronters, with head- religious tradition and from the quarters in Dendermonde, is usefully Church but there has been a rekinengaged in creating a people'·s move- dling of spiritual life which has ment in favor of Protestantism. shown itself particularly among young Seven Protestant missions are travel- Russians of the exile. A delegate who ling from village to village and the sent his impressions to the Journal reports ·of the reception afforded are, de Geneve, writes: "One of the most as a rule, favorable. It is proposed striking things was the frankness of to build an Evangelical church at St. the discussion, the emphasi.s laid on Gilles, near Dendermonde. Some are modern methods of teaching, and the already speaking of a Flemish loose- frank admission of the Church that from-Rome movement. she had held herself aloof from the social, moral and intellectual life of Wayside Sowing in Spain those whose souls were committed to her." The conference recommended SOME years ago a Gospel tract was that groups of workers among youth dropped into a market basket car- should be formed in every Orthodox ried on a woman's head. The woman (Greek) country to study questions of could not read but her husband read religions education. the tract again and again and sought the Lord of whose love the tract spoke. A Christian College in Greeee Asking who had tossed the tract into his wife's basket, he was directed to ANATOLIA COLLEGE was forced Mr. Thomas Blamire's home in Marin. out of Turkey in the World War There the hungry soul was instructed and many students died in the strugand, returning home, preached Christ gle; othel's fled to different parts of to his household and neighbors. . the earth; a few reached Greece, who opened friendly doors. Sen. Jose Maria, of Arcade, soon became known as a valiant Protestant Dr. George E. White and his assobeliever, and a fearless follower of ciates began building the college anew Christ. He was a rich farmer, and in Greece. They had to start in a owned vineyards and lands. A little rambling, old building, formerly a church was formed, and there Jose gambling den. The work has not Maria shepherded a body of believers been easy; it has taken an amazing until his homecall in 1930. Over forty courage and persistency. Greece has years he faithfully followed Christ.

Spain cries out for liberty of conscience. One of her politi<:ians lately

not the money to give for the neces- President Paul von Hindenburg's desary buildings that will rise on this cree, issued under dictatorial powers new campus on the hill, but ,she is giVen him by Article 48 of the Constihelping. Recently the graduates gave tution, 'Of severe penalties fDr persons several hundred dollars; and two 'Or societies ridiculing the Church. gifts totalling $600 have been given by them toward a professorship. Throughout Holy Week police re- peatedly suppressed public meetings The new site for the college campus 'Of free thought organizations. Socommands a superb view of Salonika cialist free thinkers' associatiDns have and the JEgean Sea. 2,000 branches in Germany and 500,- 000 members. Similar organizations Greece is one of the chief countries among Communists have a memberof the Near East world. ship of 130,000 and carry 'On energetic anti-religious propaganda through 600 Anatolia College is an investment branches. The Socialists have slightly in youth. With a background of modified their anti-religious activities knowledge and experience this college recently in view of cDllaboration with will continue to give boys an oppor- the Catholic Party of Prussia. tunity for education and development, and will share in providing Christian It is estimated that 2,500,000 perleadership for the Near East.-The sons, including approximately 2,000,- Congregationalist. 000 Protestants, have abandoned their church affiliations in Germany since A New Seet·in Russia the World War. Government figures are not available, but reliable statis- T HE Ecclesia, published at Geneva, tics reveal that approximately 65,000 reports the appearance of a new residents 'Of Berlin withdrew from sect in Russia, known as the "Eu- churches during 1930, compared with nuchs," which is increasing rapidly. 31,000 in 1925. As the name implies, the sect bears the character of religious fanaticism Church taxes, collected by the Gerand the Soviets are taking measures man states, amount from 10 to 12 per to repress it. In 1930, thirty-nine cent of the state income taxes and the adherents were c'Ondemned at Lenin- churches derive large sums annually grad and another trial was held at from tax revenues. Reluctance to pay Saratov. Now a new center has been church taxes, especially during the discovered in the outskirts of Moscow. present econoOmic crisis, explains, in In this sect a veterinary surgeon and some measure, the mass exodus of his wife play the principle role and church members. perform the necessary operations. Twelve of this peculiar sect have been Agnostic grDups have enlarged their sent for trial but its adherents are following by combining membership said to number thousands. in free thinkers' societies with an in- surance scheme for free cremation. Germany Fights Atheists The anti-religious movement is con- sidered an outgrowth of the class ADRAST):C government campaign struggle and thus the actioOn of Presi- against anti-religious organiza- dent von Hindenburg and Chancellor tions believed responsible f·or a grow- Heinrich Bruening in shielding the ing exodus from German churches Church from agnostIc movements will coincided with the observance of bring the government indirectly int'O Easter in Germany. conflict with the Socialists and Com- munists, who are backing the free Decreasing attendance at churches thinkers.-The United Press. and a growing tendency to ridicule religion resulted in the inclusion in

WORTH

Any books mentioned i'n these columns will be forwarded by us O'n receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Invisible Christ. By Ricardo Rojas. able, the adorable Christ. A strange 336 pp. $2.50. Abingdon Press, New but fascinating book. As Dr. Robert York. E. Speer remarks in the introduction. Doctor Rojas is an Argentinian, the "If one asks what kind of books Latinson of a senator and governor, lately American authors are producing, this rector of the University of Buenos volume will answer for the nobler and Aires, a historian and a distinguished higher mind of the Continent. The fasman of letters. His book consists of cination of the book to most readers will three dialogues between a Bishop and be its revelation of the reaction of the his guest on the greatest character of highest Latin culture of our day to the history, Jesus Christ. It is a que·at religious inheritance of Latin Anierica, for the true. image of Christ, the true to Christianity itself and its historical word of Christ, and the true spirit of and mystical elements."

Christ. The book has had a remarkable sale In the first dialogue the discussion in its original form. The translatilm centers on the Christ of art—–{)ften conflicting, fantastic and purely imagi- is forceful and attractive in style. nary portraits. "The corporeal reality of Jesus is not defined in the contra- Where there are so many striking dictory imagery which the Church reference·s to the art and literature of Europe, the reader will regret the absence of an index. S. M. Z.

allows to crowd its altars." Christ The Challenge of Russia. By Sherwood is beyond all human artistic concep- Eddy. 278 pp. $2.50. Farrar and tion, neither of the East nor the West, Rinehart, New York. 1931.

the Son of man and the Son of God. A great experiment is being tried "The Cross of Christ, distinct from out in Russia, an experiment affecting the Swastika and the Tau, which not only the political but the social, other religions worship, is the figure economic, industrial and religious life made by a shadow projected on the of a hundred and sixty millions of earth, beneath the light of heaven, by people, and of portentious significance the body of a Man with arms out- of many more millions in other lands. spread for the sacrifice of love." Such There is a confused welter of inforis the mystical conclusion of part one. mation about it. The enthusiastic ac- The second part discusses the Word counts of Soviet advocates are not to of Christ and His spiritual image. be trusted, and foreign observers dis- Here the discusston turns on the Gos- agree. Dr. Sherwood Eddy has had pel record as distinct from tradition an opportunity to study the subject and apocrypha. "Scientific criticism having visited Russia .six times, twice so far from invalidating the text of during the regime of the Czar and the Gospels has made them more hu- four times since the establishment of man and forceful." the Soviet Government. He travelled The third dialogue is the climax of widely, asked many questions and has the trilogy-art, music, the compara- studied the whole situation. In this tive study of other religions, the book he has given his experiences and Church, the Gospels all lead to the conclusions. He rightly says that transcendent, the mystical, the invisi- "both the friends and foes of the 477

Soviet Union will probably object to in a Person and in a life-in Jesus some of the statements here made." Christ …… Christianity, then, is not a We cannot take his sympathetic view law enforced but a Life …… and the of the Russian experiment but he has Life is the Light of men …… Where written clearly, evidently with a pur- that Life is present, there is the King- dom of God on earth.

pose to be fair. It is his conviction Mr. Mathews not only presents an that Russia constitutes a challenge important and arresting array of dis- turbing facts but reveals an equally to America and the world. The lack important and more reassuring harof an index is a defect, which should monizing Power to bring order and be remedied in any further printing. reconstruction out of "The Clash of A. J. B.

The Clash of World Forces. By Basil W-orld Forces."

Mathews. 8vo. 174 pp. $1.50. Abing- The Land of Behest. By Constance E. don Press, New York. 1931. Padwick. 145 pp. Is. 6d. Church Missionary Society, London. 1930. Any student of world conditions must recognize that there is going on Those who have followed the gifted today a fierce conflict that is both pen of this author will take up her national and international. We have little book with much pleasurable anthe conflict between imperialism and ticipation, and will not be disapdemocracy; between capital and la- pointed. bar; between advocates of war and the promoters of arbitration as a "The Lands of Behest," the lands means of settling disputes; there is a conflict between racketeers and busi- that we are commanded to enter and ness; between law and crime; between social order and communistic possess for the Master, are the mission dis-order; between ignorant prejudice and intelligent judgment; between fields of the Church Missionary Soselfish immorality and high social standards. All these are summed up ciety, – Africa, India, China, Japan in the conflict between good and evil, between the material and the spirit- and the Moslem World. The backual, the Satanic and the Christ way of life. ground is the Congress in London in Mr. Mathews here discusses, with 1930. This is not a history, neither intelligence and Christian idealism, some of the forces now in conflict in a description of that gathering. The' international relations as seen in the Russian program, in India's effort to Archbishop of Canterbury says in the secure self-rule, and in China's -struggle to establish a democracy. He con- Foreword: It is "a picture drawn by cludes his volume with a study of, "The Clash of Values," in which he a skilled hand and a vivid and glowing presents the Christian solution for these problems and for the way of imagination of the whole field now so wonderfully open to missionary en- terprise." Here and there are given a few living, stirring words from the hearts of leading workers in the sev- eral fields, followed and commented upon by the author in her own in- imitable way. When -our zeal for the coming of the kingdom weakens, when our enthusiasm in fulfilling our Lord's command lessens, then this book should be within reach. J. C.

peace. He says: Albert Schweitzer: The Man and His Every category of human life is not Work. John Dickinson Regester. 145 pp. $1.50. Abingdon, New York. 1931. simply challenged but is reshaping under our eyes …… It is, in an even deeper "On the Edge of the Primeval and more revolutionary sense, a crisis Forest," the story of Dr. Schweitzer's in the individual lives of men and women work in West Africa, will lead many of every race …… In Christianity we to read with deep interest this sketch have, we believe, the ultimate values of of the man and his work as musician, the universe, expressed not in rules, or law, or creed, or commandments but

BOOKS WORTH READING

theologian, philosopher, and mission- An English journalist describes pic- tures he saw in the parts of London ary. Abundant quotations from his where officers of the Salvation Army are working. Already the book has own writings makes this, in a sense, reached an edition of 150,000 in Eng- land and America. These stories, an autobiography. He was born in which remind us of "Twice Born Men" and "Down ill Water Street," 1875 in Upper Alsace. His father was tell of men and women, downtrodden and despoiled, shattered by evil and a minister and his home was a center by economic hardship; of women led astray by human demons, of men of culture and religion. His musical ruined by drink and sin, of devilish deeds and filthy hovels. Such rectalent seems to have been inherited ords are truly "Annals of Hell." But Mr. Redwood also reports wombut in his theology he wandered far en reclaimed and men redeemed; he describes angelic ministries and from the evangelical position, but cleansed homes. These are the "An- nals of Heaven." "the quest of the historical Jesus has Cold and formal Christians will be resulted in a mystical finding of his stirred to warmth and vitality as they read of the life and light and joy that Lord and Master." The story of his Christ brings through such ministries as those of the Salvation Army among love for and proficiency in music is the outcastes.

fascinating; that of his hospital work The Pacillc Islands. A Missionary Sur- vey by J. W. Burton, M.A. Two maps. in Africa is heroic. The brief biog- 8 vo. 124 pp. 3s. 6d. World Do- minion Press. London. 1930. raphy is a fitting introduction to one In spite -of the large number of of the most distinguished men of our islands that have been evangelized, there remains ·still a great unfinished day. S.M.Z. task. The total area of the Pacific Is- lands is estimated at 383,228 square Stewardship Parable of Jesus. By Ros- miles with a population of 2,009,784. The Christian population is only 627,- well C. Long'. 230 pp. $1.00. Cokes- 903, nearly one-half of whom are Ro- man Catholics (252,792). The wholly bury Press, Nashville. 1931. unevangelized section covers only one thirty-seventh of the whole but three- The need of immediate increase of fourths of the population (one and a half mill~on) are not Christiansstewardship study becomes more and largely in Papua and the New Hebri- des. more apparent as the returns from This illuminating survey describes the old methods of casual, emotional the general conditions, the problems, the questions affecting governments appeals for bene'l'olences continue to and comity of missions, and the mis- sionary situation. There are two exdecrease year by year. cellent maps and some useful tables of statistics. Some helpful sugges- The Stewardship Secretary of the tions for mission study groups are also included. Presbyterian Church in the United States has brought out in six very helpful Bible studies the stewardship content -of six parables – The Good Samaritan, The Talents, Ten Virgins, Rich Fool, Laborers in the Vineyard, The Tower and Waging War. They will be a practical help to those wish- ing to teach stewardship by present- ing a new approach to the principles and practice.

Dr. Long makes clear that the hope for mission support lies, not in more emotionalization of money appeals but in solid stewardship understanding and practice. G. L. M.

God in the Slums. By Hugh Redwood. 12 mo. 167 pp. $1.25. Revell. 1931.

One-half the world does not want to know how the other half lives, but it would be well if those who are slipping down the gilded way of sin could SE1e these pictures of the pit that lies beyond.

The Fellowship of Toil. By John Mc- The Vision or Light at Evening Time. By Adelaide Addison Pollard. Pamphlet, Dowell. lmo. 150 pp. $1.25. Revell. 1s. British Jews Society. London.

1930. This very excellent and stirring epic poem relates the story of a Jew Industrial relationships constitute who came into contact with Christ. the social foundation of national life. It is worth reading and circulating. If these relationships are according to Christian principles we will have no Helps for the Quiet Hour. By Wilson repetition of the atheistic communism Cash. Pamphlet, C. M. S. London. that is devastating Russia and threat- 1931. ening the world. These daily meditations for one Dr. McDowell has been intimately month, with Scripture verses and familiar with industrial conditions blank pages for prayer topics, are since his boyhood. As worker, pastor, compact. nourishing, practical and student, Home Mission secretary and stimulating. committee man, he has become familiar with the warp and the woof The Jesus I Know. English Edition of of the problem. He gives us the re- a Chinese book prepared by Y. T. sults of his studies and his conclu- Wu, T. Z. Koo and E. R. Hughes. sions as to work and workers; the Paper, 40 cents. Shanghai, China. mission .of the church in industry; 1930. Christ's commands and labors' needs; the road to economic emancipation. Nine Chinese writer,s present their This last Dr. McDowell finds in the personal views of Christ. The testiacceptance of Christ's ideals of broth- monies are intended particularly for erly love and justice, and service to unbelievers but Christians will find mankind. J eSlls' standard of values some faint light ani truth in them. is life not things; His purpose is The witnesses are teachers, students service of society not of self; His and Christian workers. Not all show motive is charity not greed; His prin- a clear knowledge of Jesus as Divine ciple is fraternal not individualistic; Lord and Saviour. He is presented democratic not autocratic; His power by them as an ideal tea<:her and leader is divine not human. Loyalty to these rather than as the Son of God. ideals will solve the industrial labor problem. We need stronger Christians than those presented here, if the Church Direotory of Protestant Missions in China in China is to remain true to New Testament teachings. -1930. Edited by Charles L. Boynton. Tailum J'an-A Christian Widow in the 8 vo. 217 pp. Kwang Hsueh Publish- Wild Mountains of Upper Burma. By ing House, Shanghai. 1930. A. T. Houghton. 114 pp. 28. 6d. Marshall, Morgan and Scott. London. This enlarged and improved directory contains a list of missionaries Miracles are not limited to one age and missionary societies arranged al- or one land or one race. Here is a phabetically, by stations and by so- true story of Tailum Jan, an ignorant cities. There is also a list of union Burmese woman, until she heard the and interdenominational officials, and Gospel of Christ and heard the call of medical schools and hospitaIs. Al- of God. She responded and the comtogether there are one hundred and pleteness of her transformation was eighty foreign missionary societies at as wonderful as any recorded in fairy work in China, and about 6,000 mis- tales-and more complete and permasionaries listed. Seventy-two stations nent. The sketch of Tailum Jan in- -out of I,lOO-are listed as vacant cludes a background of Burmese life and s.ome twenty – five others are and customs and beliefs. It shows the manned only by Chinese Christians. power of the Gospel among primitive people.

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1931

NOT ETERNAL – WORSHIPING CHRIST IN TIlE MISSION I10)1E IN

June 22-25-INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE •• • iD the Dew ON AFRICAN CHILDREN, Geneva, Switzerland. £ABIN £LASS June 22-26-WORLD CONFERENCE ON Trans-Pacific travel now has an STEWARDSHIP. For information com- impressive new type of low-cost accommo- municate with the Rev. John A. dation … ffEmpress" Cabin. Its spacious- Ingham, D.D., Progress Council, 25 ness and comfort will appeal to the experi- East 22d Street, New York City. enced traveler. So will its true "Empress" cuisine and service. June 25-July 3-GENERAL CONVENTION, CONGREGATIONAL AND CHRISTIAN The white Empress fleet, comprising the CHURCHES, Seattle, Wash. largest, fastest liners to the Orient, also hrings to the Pacific transatlantic size, June 26-July 6-M. E. M. CONFERENCE. speed and luxury. Silver Bay, N. Y. Empress of Russia and Empress of Asia June 29-July 6-GENEVA SUMMER ply the lO-day Speedway, direct to Yoko- SCHOOL OF MISSIONS AT GENEVA, hama. The huge Empress of Canada and WISC. This is an Interdenomina- the new 23.knot Empress of Japan sail via tional school and among the first to Honolulu. Both routes from Vancouver give International Religious Educa- and Victoria. All Empresses offer, ofcour.e, tion credits. It offers courses, under lnxurious First Class. Also "Tourist" and outstanding instructors, in Bible uThird." and Mission Study, Methods, Hand- craft and Parliamentary Law. For Independent travel·touring round the information address: Mrs. George world and Orient conducted tours with P. Lottich, 3253 Wilson Ave., Chi- Canadian Pacific's veteran "know-how." cago, Ill. N ….. Lo…-co..t S ….."…r F ..,…..! "** Fir..t Cl…… and C ….in Cl…… Ro..nd trip••. /ro". 8450 PERSONALS Information, reservationsfrom your Agent DR. S. H. WAINRIGHT, for forty years or Canadian Pacific, New York, Chicago, an American Methodist missionary in Montreal, and 32 other cities in U. S. and Japan, was recently decorated by the Canada. Emperor "for distinguished service to the Empire." That service consisted in CANADIAN giving a Christian literature to Japan. Dr. Wainright is supported by the Fran- PACIFIC .. TO TIlE cis Street Methodist church, in St. Joseph, Missouri. ORiEnT *** Wo.ld'. G••••••• T ••v.1 ,,……

CHARLES N. WONACOTT of Portland, Oregon, has been elected Treasurer of the Presbyterian Board of National Missions.

Mr. Wonacott served as associate general secretary of the New Era Movement for two years and since 1924 has acted as corporation advisor.

**"

MISS M. JOSEPHINE PETRIE has resigned as Director of Specific Work of the Presbyterian Board of National Missions. Over thirty-two years ago she became secretary of young people's work and was responsible for the promotion of home missions in Christian Endeavor Societies and Sunday schools.

*** REV. HENRY C. McDOWELL of Galangue, Angola, Portuguese West Africa, a missionary of the American Board, has been awarded a gold medal and an honorarium of four hundred dollars by the Harmon Foundation, which makes annual awards to Negroes who have done outstanding creative work.

*** DR. SAMUEL GUY INMAN, Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, was operated on for hernia in Callao, Peru, on April 10th. He is expected home in New York early in May.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writ in&' to advertisers. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor TABLE OF CONTENTS May, 1931 FRONTISPIECE–LlVES OVERSHADOW"D BY LEPROSY. Payo THE STORY OF A HINDU PILGRIM ……………….•.•..••. .J. Ohadwick Jacks"" 325 The history oj how a hif.lh caste Hindu pilurim wu-s h'd to Ohrist·-an empcrience both in the change oj name and change 0/ nature.

THE BRIGHT SIDE OF WORK FOR LEPERS …………………… Wm. M. Danner 32~ A record of Christian service in behalf oj sufferers in 'ill-any land8.

"! DON'T BELIEVE IN FOREIGN MISSIONS" ..•..•…..•………. Henry A. Perkins 33l"i The case for foreign 11t188icms presented by a fwo/essor of p},ysiC8 a.t Trin-ity aoUege, HMtJord~ ana copied by permission from THE' AMERICAN MERCURY.

THE CALL OF BORNEO AND THE CELEBES .•..••..•••.•……..•..•.. . R. A. Jal!roll 341 The report 01 a tour oj mi8si()lluwy eu;ploratiOtl to discover the needs oJ unoccupied fieZds in Malaya.

ana MOSLEMS UNDER THE AlIIERICAN FLAG …………………….. Frank Laubaen 343 A 'I11Iissionarll working wmong th(l M()hamrnwdans in the Philippines asks seeks to answer some pertinent questions.

RELIGIOUS TRAINING FOR RURAL YOU~'H …………………….. Jay fl. fltowell 349 An in.teresting account of wltat is beino done to t(~((,ch the Bible and ChdsNan truth to da·y school pupils in rural districts untouched by churches.

WORLD MISSIONS AT CHATTANOOGA ………………………. David M. Sweets 355 The sto-ry of a notable congn~x8 hrld flY the Presbyteria'n Ohurch (~"outh) to present the claim8 and progress of foreiyn 1nissionary work.

WHEN IS YOUR BrnTHDAY ………………..•………. . Emma BeHc D. PiersO'n 361 A brief d.cscription of what hag been called ('the most remarka.ble mi8sionary enter- prise" in the world.. 8turtcd by a school boy in Australia.

THE FORWAnD MOVE~IENT IN SCOTLAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Donald Fraser 363 A. report 01 an enet'getic and spirUual mission to awaken the ~'c(Jtch to a keener Benae of their reBpOt'lsibHity to carry out the great commission 01 Christ.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES ………………..•••••••••••….••..•……………… 365 How lIUCH Is A MISSIONARY ","ORTH INDIA'S DEMAND FOR FREEDOM ENCOURAGIllMENT IN CHINA METHODS FOR WORKERS ………………………. EIHTEIl BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNsoN 371 WUMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ………………………• 376 WORLD·WIDIiJ OUTLOOK.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 BOOKS WORTH READING ……………………………………… . 399 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1931, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONAHY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

ROBERT E. SPBl~R, PYf'sidf'nt W}.I. 1. CH.u,fnERl.AIN, Vice-Prcsident DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Seoretar'1l Publication Office, 3d & Reily Rts., IInrrtshnrg, WAf,TER McDoDQ,J,I" Tr{'nRun'T Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and Business Olllce, 156 Fiftb Avenue, New York City Eutered itS second-class matter at the Post Offi(>e, Harrlsburg, Pa., under Act of }.~arch 3, lS79. OBITUARY DR. K. T. PAUL; an outstanding native 1 Chriftian of India, died on April 12th at the. age of·fifty-five. He had recently I _• returned from the Round Table Conference in London. LET YOUR GIFT Dr. Paul became an influential Indian to Foreign Missions leader as secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association of India, Burma PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME llnd Ceylon. He traveled widely in the United States and Great Britain and You can make a generous gift to foreign mislater served as president of the All-In- sions and have a needed income for yourself dia Christian Conference. and others from the money you give by the Dr. Paul resigned from the Y. M. C. Annuity Gift Plan A. in order to devote himself to the political uplift of India as a representative This plan relieves you of uncertainty and of Christian Communities. At the Round WOrry caused by changing values of invested Table Conference in London, he was funds and assures you a fixed income of trusted by Hindus and Moslems alike, and declared himself willing to have 4t% to 9% per year Christians in India merged in a general electorate. for the rest of your life ** A reserve fund of over $1.500.000 guarante~s the prompt payment of annuities to yOU_ ~ LEONARD WOOLSEY CRONKHITE, D.D., for many years a missionary to the Pwo Protect yourself against 1nss through Karen people of Burma, passed away on unwise inV'~stment~and at the sl'lme time February 28, 1931, at his home in Green- help send the gospel to all the world. wich, New York. For full information write ** * Erne.t F.. HoIl, Secretary, Dept. 01 Ann.atiea REV. A. E. SEAGRAVE, Baptist mission- BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS ary to the Karens since 1889, died at of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. Rangoon, February 6, 1931. Mr. Seagrave lived to see a remarkable expan- 156 Fifth Avenue. New York sion in the Sgaw Karen Mission, with its 200 churches and a membership of AVOID THIS 15,000. All of his four children re- MISFORTUNE turned to Burma for missionary service. "I know of no one more deserving *** of sympathy than a woman with limited resources, with.out ch.ildren to advise DR. EDWARD FIELD PARSON died March her, without business experience, sud- 8th, of pneumonia, in Peiping, North denly left a widow and compelled to China. He was thirty-three years old. settle an estate."

Dr. Parsons and his wife, Marion Who will be her advisor? Tucker Parsons, were commissioned as Who will share her troubles and rethe representatives in China of the First sponsibilities? Congregational Church, Washington, in Who will provide for her in case of 1925, at services attended by Mr. and loss of principal? Mrs. Calvin Coolidge. This can all be avoided by investing **• your savings in Annuity Agreements of the Methodist Mission Boards. MRS. IRA HARRIS, formerly of the Syria Mission, was for thirty.five years a F or further information write: missionary in Syria. She was honorably retired by the Board of Foreign Missions MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board of the Presbyterian Church in 1919. A of Foreign Missions of the Methodist daughter, Mrs. B. T. Schuyler, has been Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue. New for sixteen years in the Punjab Mission York, N. Y., or in India. Mrs. Harris died in Lansdowne, Pa., the home of a son, on No- W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of vember 28, 1930. Home Missions and Church Extension of *** .1_ the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch . St., Philadelphia Pa. THE REV. EDWARD ASHLEY, D.D., LL.D., Missionary of the Protestant Episcopal Church among the Indians in South Dakota, died March 30th. He labored fifty-eight years among the Indians, translating the prayer book, many hymns and other writings into the Indian tongue.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY RIIIVIIIlW OF THm WORLD in writin~ to advertisers. This mission hosl)itnl. J-Hni-En (<:lardf'n of COmf(H'O, IlWllk~nf'(1 the Jnpnnf>sc goyern- ment to care for l('p~rs .

LEPROSY N01' IlEReDITARY – UNTAINTED CHILDR~;N CARED FOR IN A CHRIS'fIAN MISSION HO~fE IN INDIA GLEAMS OF LIGHT FOR LIVES OVERSHADOWED BY LEPROSY

LIV, No. 😉 May

THE STORY OF A HINDU PILGRIM BY THE REV. J. CHADWICK JACKSON, Benares, India T HE Rev. and Mrs. J. Chadwick Jackson are conducting the Kashi Khristiya Sangha or Benares Christian Union, a city mission work especially for the milliorrs of Hindu pilgrims who visit Benares yearly. They come from all parts of India to the many temples; to bathe in the sacred Ganges i to gain merit by walking the sacred way; to listen to the holy gurus,' or to bring their dead to be burned on the ghats by the riverside, so that their ashes may be strewn on the waters of the sacred river and many reincarnations may be avoided.

Mr. Jackson, the superintendent of this United Mission, is a Scotch- man, formerly a missionary of the London Missionary Society and has witnessed for Christ in India for thirty-five years. Mrs. Jackson is also a devoted missionary who has labored with her husband in villages, living in native houses and living the Christ-life among the people. She dons the garb of a pilgrim to work among pilgrims on the river front.

The mission compound at Ram Katora, where the Editor and Mrs. Pier- son visited Mr. and Mrs. Jackson last year, borders on the road over which hundreds of thousands of pilgrims pass every year. They have opened a reading room and Bible shops facing this road and there wel- come weary pilgrims and tell them of Him who gives rest and offers to them the way of Life.

Five missionary societies unite in this mission to pilgrims-the Wesleyan Methodist and Wesleyan Reform Union, The London Mis- sionary Society, the Zenana Bible and Medical Mission and the Chris- tian Literature Society. Mr. Jackson is not only an earnest evangelical missionary but he is active in the life of Benares, being for some years a member of the city council, a lecturer at the university and a member of the Committee for the Enforcement of Opium Laws.

This mission and these missionaries are worthy of the sympathetic and active support of every Christian interested in the evangelization of India. EDITOR.

He is a Brahman, a young man In his wanderings he has visited of medium height, with a face rath- every famous shrine in India and er deeply lined for one of his years, has picked up some knowledge of but with sparkling eyes and a brisk several languages, including Engmanner that is earnest and grave. lish. His mother tongue is Oriya 325

but he speaks Hindi fluently and sionary seemed to be an excellent it was in this language that he re- man of noble character, but he lated the following interesting handed me over to the care and story. teaching of one of his Indian work- ers whose conduct and character My parents are both dead. I made his company extremely dishave an elder brother who is a tasteful to me. I therefore rehousehold priest in my native turned to my guru in no way town. My ancestors were Kash- helped spiritually by my experimiri Brahmans. Very few of us ence, and feeling that in Christianlive so far South and it is a rule ity there was no hope of spiritual of cur caste that we shall marry help for me. So I went on discussonly brides from the distant State ing with the few Christians I met, of Kashmir. My brother, and the in a spirit of controversy and op- Raja who is our patron and who position. In a second-hand market gave me a scholarship, desired me in Calcutta, on one occasion, I saw to finish my studies before mar- a liuge pile of old books which riage, hence I am not married. Aft- were being sold by weight at a er I had reached the matriculation very cheap price. I picked out two standard in school, I was put un- -one a huge tome which was ender the care Of a guru (teacher), titled "A Commentary." Not a very learned man, a master of knowing what a Commentary was, arts, himself an eloquent lecturer, I opened it and found most interspeaking fourteen languages, and esting explanations of Bible texts. very much in demand everywhere The other was a dictionary. I for religious orations. Besides my- threw these twa into the scales and self, he had nearly a dozen young paid the price-a few annas only. disciples whom he taught and who The dictionary I sold at a great accompanied him in his travels profit, for three rupees, but the from one sacred shrine to another. Commentary I kept and read it con- We visited all the important bath- stantly, finding it most helpful in ing places and sacred temples in understanding the Bible. From India-Benares, Hardwar, Dwar- this time I read the Bible regularkanath, Puri, Ajodhya and Ra- ly, carrying the three versions meshwaram. along with me, but secretly, as I feared that my guru might know. A Hindu sadhu whom I met on Gradually my mind was changed. our journeys gave me a copy of the New Testament in Hindi, and One incident in South India I read it mainly with the desire to made a great impression on me. I find points of argument with was down by the burning-ghat Christians. Afterwards I obtained reading and meditating, when a copies in Oriya and English and poor widow brought the corpse of became much interested. I felt her son for bUrning. I saw her some desire to meet and associate great grief and felt real pity for with Christians to see their manner her. The officiating Mahabrahman of life. Once in a sacred city I left -a coarse man-came along and our party with the excuse to the said to her "Give me a go-dan (a guru that I was going to Gorakh- gift of a cow) and I will promise pur to worship Gorakhnath. In- that your son shall be born again stead, I joined myself to a Mission as a cow." as a seeker after truth. The mis-

THE STORY OF A HINDU PILGRIM

I was indignant and caught hold boys returned and wanted to enter, of his hand, saying: "Shame on but I was resolved to be alone in you! Have you no pity for the my mental struggles, and asked poor mother in her sorrow. Is this them to go away and sleep else- all the comfort you can give her to where. At about two in the morn- tell her the lie about her son's re- ing, when I was so weighed down birth? You know that you cannot that I couldn't rest, I suddenly saw control that. You are trying to a brilliant light in the room, as make profit out of her grief and though someone had turned on a are torturing her further. How flashlight. I turned to see from dare you say that a human soul whence it came, but it seemed to shall be imprisoned in an animal fill the room. As I gazed there body. Shame on you." appeared in the light the form of He repulsed me angrily. The a person, the most beautiful I have impression on my mind was very ever seen or imagined. I could not painful, showing the futility of recognize him at all, but as we Hinduism in the presence of death. were worshipers of Shiva, I won- This thought remained with me dered whether this divine being and I more earnestly read the Bi- had graciously disclosed himself to ble. resolve my doubts. But on looking A Message From God longer and more intently I saw the While I was full of these sad form of a cross on his shoulder thoughts, I sat down and placing and above it the word mukti (salthe Bible before me I allowed it to vation). Then I realized that it fall open of itself to see if I should was a vision of Christ, bearing the be guided to any special "word." It opened at the Twenty-third cross for me. Immediately I saw Psalm. How helpful and blessed what it implied, namely that what was that word of God spoken I had so often read was true. through His servant and prophet There are two crosses, the one David. It was a real message to which He bore and one which I my soul at that time of need. must bear. At that moment I de- cided that I would leave all the old My guru was called to give a life and b~ His follower. I rememseries of lectures in N—. I bered the word of God to Abrawould get away whenever possible, ham: "Get thee out of …… thy keeping my Bible tied close to my father's house, unto the land that body with my sacred thread, even I will show thee." I thought that, out to the place reserved for pri- as I had read in the Bible, having vacy, though reflecting that the become by faith one of the sons of place was impure. I often went to Abraham, I ought to walk in the the lonesome burning-ghat, to read steps of faith and leave all for and meditate, but the thought of Christ.

death and the results of sin op- In the morning I did not bathe, pressed me. We were all invited and when, as our custom was all to go to a natak (play) one eve- gathered to repeat in unison our ning, but I was distressed in mind morning chant "The Gayatri," it and excused myself. I could not was seen that I was absent. Later even eat and was left fasting alone they asked me: "Why have you in the room. I lay down to rest not bathed and why do you not but could not sleep. Very late the come to the worship?"

"I will say and do nothing until Christian man who would tell me I can have an interview with the where to go and what to do. At guru," 1 replied. last I saw a man whose dress seemed to indicate that he might Soon he called me, and 1 told be a Christian. He was a canvasshim all in the presence of the oth- er and to him I told something of ers, of my search for peace and my story. He refused to believe assurance; of my Bible reading and would not trust me at all at and of my last night's wonderful first. But when he saw my eyes full of tears he asked me if 1 had vision. taken food. I told him that for "Oh," said the guru, "It was only two days I had not broken my fast.

a dream." Then I could see that he began "No," said I, "I was not asleep. to believe me. I said: "I want nothing from you-no money, only 1 was wide awake and in my full direct me to some Christian or mis- sionary who will tell me how I may senses. I know what I saw." become a follower of Christ." "Let us discuss the matter to- "There is a very good man, a gether," he said, "you may present London Mission Pastor at – – – " your arguments and 1 will try to he replied. "His name is Aaron. meet them. We may thus arrive Go to him. 1 will speak to the guard and he will allow you to at the truth." travel without a ticket. So I went "Sir," 1 said, "how can I argue and found Pastor Aaron, a very good man in full sympathy but not with you. You are my guru and knowing a word of any of my lan- I am a learner. Between your pro- guages. So I returned by train, found learning and my ignorance, and was directed to go to Miss what a gulf there is. But to me F– at G– who knows Hindi. the vision I have seen, confirming She had, however, gone away the the Bible I have read, puts the mat- previous day. 1 then went on to ter beyond argument. 1 know what Bangalore where 1 was welcomed and very much helped by Mr. and I saw." Mrs. Marler and Mr. Small of the "Where is the Bible," he said. Theological College. On their rec- When I showed it to him, he ommendation 1 went to Benares which I had formerly visited as a took it and tore up part of it and pilgrim. 1 am happy in the Ashthrew it on one side. Then he ram of the Kashi Khristiya Sangha kicked me. preparing for baptism and training for service. The boys were enjoying the dialogue and all started making fun On Janu,arlj #, 1931 the young man, of me. whose story is here given, was bap- tized in the River Ganges at Benares, "Will you become a padri 1" taking the. name of Khristo Mitra. "Will you preach?" Since then he. has been progressing "Will you wear a suit and very well and is a great joy to US.- boots?" etc. J. C. J. I could only repeat that I would be a follower of Christ. From that moment my every movement was watched lest I should leave them. I could take no food for two days but at the end of the second day I managed to escape and went straight to the railway station, searching everywhere for some

LEPER PATIEN'l'S – A HLINn mU;A:-:[f;T AND TilE

AT 'J'U),;GKlIN, Clll:-:A THE BRIGHT SIDE OF WORK FOR LEPERS BY WM. M. DANNER, New YO"k S CC1°ctar1/ oJ th e A m cl"ica.n ~Mi88ion to Lepers I NA LARGE church in an east- lepers, cast out evil spirits. Freely ern city I told the story of the ye have received, freely give." needs of the lepers. After- Five specific things the disciples wards the minister arose and said, were told to do in connection with "I want to apologize to my congre- preaching. The lepers of the world gation this morning." I thought claim our attention because our he was going to apologize for the Master said-"Cleanse the lepers." length of my address, but he looked into the faces of his congregation Not long ago a friend in Caliand said: "To the best of my fornia told me that he didn't know knowledge, I have never even there were twenty-five lepers in prayed for a leper in my life. I the world. He had never given have never asked God's blessing on them much consideration. He was a leper, nor directed my congrega- surprised when he heard that there tion to pray for a leper. I apolo- were over five hundred in the Unit- gize for it and mean to do differ- ed States.

ently in the future." Many have never given much Jesus said to His disciples "As thought to the leper and scarcely ye go, preach, saying, the kingdom think of him as a human being.

of heaven is at hand." People of- But he needs and deserves our symten stop there, under the impres- pathy because he is in a class by sion that they are fulfilling this himself. What hotel would be open command when they "preach" or to him? What can he do to earn a hear the preacher. The next words living? When our Master said are: "Heal the sick, cleanse the "Heal the sick" he meant all sick 329

people but He specified "don't for- all over the world. In the Louisiget the lepers." ana hospital a canvass was taken of the patients about the kind of Dr. Victor G. Heiser, a leading Christmas gifts desired. They deleprosy expert connected with the cided that they would like to have Rcckefeller Foundation, estimates the money sent to the Red Cross, the number of lepers in the world for they thought others needed it at two million. This means that more than they did. They were one person out of every 800 on the thinking not about themselves, but earth today is a leper. The disease about others. is found all over the world, especially in hot climates. In some vil- The best advertised leper colony lages practically every person is a in the world is under "the Stars leper. and Stripes" in Hawaii. Five thou- A MODEL LEPER MISSION COLONY AT CHIENGMAI, SIAM The Congress of the United sand acres of Molokai are given States has provided a great nation- over to the lepers. Their hospital al leprosarium at Carville, Louisi- is built on a section of the island ana. Three hundred and thirty shut off by a very high mountain. live in comfortable little cottage In this colony there are 625 lepers. homes and eat in common dining There ate two Protestant churches rooms. Through the good offices of for them under the Hawaiian the American Mission to Lepers a Evangelical Board, with a resident resident Protestant chaplain min- pastor and other ministers making isters to the Protestant patients. regular visits. A church has been built for them and Billy Sunday sent them a sup- When I visited the island the ply of his song books. "Brighten lepers gave me an informal recepthe Corner Where You Are" was tion and hundreds of them were framed and now hangs over the on hand. There were two bands pulpit. These people are doing of stringed instruments, for the their best to live up to that senti- Hawaiians are famous for their ment. music. When I looked into their faces, I said, "If you people can Every year our mission sends sing as well as your bands can play, Christmas gifts to leper patients I would rather hear you sing than

THE BRIGHT SIDE OF WORK FOR LEPERS

make a speech." Everyone smiled. 5,000. The policy of segregation The leader of the orchestra started is an important factor in stopping to play and they all joined heartily the spread of leprosy. in singing "Saviour Like a Shepherd Lead Us." They sang three In 1874 the Mission to Lepers vers~s from memory and with in- was founded with three objectives: creasing fervor. (1) to preach the Gospel to the lepers, (2) to relieve their terrJqle Tl1e largest leper colony in the sufferings, (3) to supply theIr world, also under "the Stars and simple wants. Now a fourth has Stripes," is at Culion in the Phil- been added-to rid the world of ippine Islands. There are over leprosy. 5,000 at this well-managed colony. It is a municipality managed by In modern leper colonies the pacouncillors elected to represent the tients are taught self-support. The native tribes. The resident physi- women sew, cook, and perform cian is mayor and has the veto other housekeeping duties; while power, which he rarely uses. A the men do the gardening, weaving, minister who had been licensed to tinsmithing and carpentry, even preach in the Manila district be- building their own homes, churches fore he contracted leprosy, was for and schools. Such physical and some years pastor of the leper mental activity are important elechurch. I walked for miles along ments in the cure. streets clean and well kept-a credit to those in charge. Twenty Progress is being made in disyears ago there were 10,000 lepers covering a cure for leprosy. Chaulin the Philippines – now about moogra oil, known for hundreds of years as beneficial to sufferers from leprosy, is now given hypo- SELF-IHJLP FOR LEPER PATIENTS – WOMEN A'l' WORK IN A nICE I"IE[,n

TIIFl MISSION HO)IE FOR LEPER rA'I'IFlNTS AT F'USAN. CHOSEN dermically with encouraging re- sand dollars to apply to work in sults. Many who have been treated the Orient, it will show a much in this way have lost all trace of the larger purchasing power there disease and been free from any than in America. At Taiku that symptom of it for a period of more sum will provide permanent housthan two years. From the Carville ing for 80 lepers. Leper Colony seventy-five lepers have been discharged. Other treat- A typical Korean leper colments have been discovered that ony is not a doleful place-its ocmay help to blot out this awful dis- cupants are seemingly happy. One which we visited had games and ease. afterwards we saw the little' fields Nearly forty years ago a mission where they raise rice and fruit and vegetables, and keep themselves hospital was opened for lepers in ilsefullyoccupied. We saw samples Japan. Seventy lepers were cared of the school work they were doing, for in such an excellent manner as well as some of their industrial that the Japanese Government has work. They use a big black board established six Japanese Govern- music scale in learning to sing by ment Leper Asylums, where the note. They are being taught to lepers are given humane treatment. read, write and count. In the chap- One of the Japanese doctors, Dr. K. el the missionary gave us a dem- Mitsuda, said to me through an onstration of their proficiency in interpreter, "We are doing every- Scripture recitation. They recited thing we can to treat these lepers the Twenty-third Psalm, the Ninelike human beings." At one of the ty-first Psalm, the Beatitudes, and government asylums there was a the Ten Commandments. Some service when eight men and three can recite the entire shorter catewomen were baptized. Five of the chism and others can quote Scripleper women stood together and ture for two hours without any fervently sang, "Fade, fade, each appreciable error. earthly joy, Jesus is mine." Since leprosy is not hereditary, In Korea there are three leper it is a privilege to help care for stations under our American Mis- untainted children of the lepers in sion. When one offers five thou-

THE BRIGHT SIDE OF WORK FO~ LEPERS

separate homes. There are thirty sian to Lepers will, on request, furspecial stations for untainted chil- nish free material for such a prodren of lepers where the hand of gram. rescue is outstretched in their behalf. In every church there should be a representative who will give out The missionaries of the Church information and be the connecting of Jesus Christ are joined in a link with the Mission to Lepers, working in harmony with the con- stituted authorities of the church, and seeing that the lepers are not forgotten.

Order a metal pig bank and feed him currency, so that funds may be secured from a host of peo- ple who do not now have a part in this branch of the missionary work of the church. Over seventy thou- ~I1YAKE SAN o~' JAPAN Christiull missionarips were stollt'd away from the Oshima Colony until this .1aJ)~Ulf>8e leper callie (lnn hroll,ght from the Mission IIospitnl the Uo:spel of Chri:st:.

federation or effort, as representa- AX IlDLlN CURED OF LEPROSY tives of some thirty-three American and Foreign Mission Societies 'l'his boy faced a life of suffering or Boards, to do this work. The until he came to the Mission Hos- Mission to Lepers is the tie that pital, received treatment. was trained binds them together in the world- for Christian service, and returned wide work for lepers and their chil- cured to his home in southern India. dren. The Mission aids one hundred and fifty leper hospitals in sand of these banks have already forty countries, but the world-wide been sent out. work is made possible only by the help of those who stand back of Pray for the lepers. these missionaries and this organi- It is our opportunity thus to zation. share in the modern fulfillment of Christ's command. One way to help this work is to use a program to tell the story Oifts may be sent to the American Mission to your own church or to other to Lepers (Fleming H. Revell, Treasurer) 156 churches where you may be speak- Fifth Ave., NIJW York. . ing. If people become interested, they will help. The American Mis-

FROM ASIA*

Opportunities in Persia tieth anniversary of the School for U NHEARD-OF-CROWDS are the Blind. Voluntary Bible study attending evangelistic meet- in boys' middle school is increas- ings. This is a new develop- ing. Chinese leaders and missionment in a Moslem country. There aries are rejoicing in working tois increased demand for schools gether at common tasks in momenfor young women. Dormitories tous days.-Rev. E. E. WaUine.

at Men's College, Teheran, are Tension in China Relieved crowded. One new building imperative. Hospitals are under- Nanking conditions much imstaffed.-Cablegram from Rev. W. proved over last year. Future A. Groves, Ph.D. Christian work hopeful. Conver- sion President Chiang relieving From Syria anti-religious tension. Time ripe for strong advance to win China More pupils than ever! Mos- for Christ. Only possible home lems request J.iission schools. Med- Church continues support with ical work Deir-ez-zore opens up prayer and money. Any retracdistrict along Euphrates. Direct tion now would cripple work, jeopevangelism entering Moslem terri- ardize success. Depending on your tory Sidon Presbytery. School and loyalty.-Rev. J. Russell Chandler. book store stir youth of Aleppo.

Hama with 85,000 unmanned. Punjab Mission Faces New India Send reinforcements. Insure ex- In the midst of the gigantic turpansion. Come. Give. Pray yeo moil of India in 1930 our schools, -Rev. R. C. Byerly. hospitals, bazaar chapels, our vis- Greater Freedom in Iraq iting in zenanas and homes, our colleges and theological seminary Iraq open to Gospel as never b~­ and our preaching of Christ have fore. Word of life preached dI- gone steadily forward. There have rectly to Arab Moslems in Bagh- been baptisms among the higher dad; Mosul, Hillah, Kirkuk, to classes-more numerous and prom- Kurds in Dohuk. Pray that the ising than in any year since the Holy Spirit will apply the message pioneer era of missions. A new of life through crucified and risen sense of the reality, the immediacy Saviour to hearts of these people and the total inadequacy of merewho are lost without Christ.- ly human means in making India United Mission in Mesopotamia, by safe for her new freedom has Rev. A. G. Edwards. opened the hearts and minds of Message from South China men and women as never be- fore. May God stir the American Today in South China: Marked churches until the man in the pews evangelistic opportunity. People gets the vision of this unparalare uniformly friendly. Disorder leled opportunity. Never has there is decreasing. Christians are rais- been a more open door to Christ in ing endowment to celebrate for- India than now.-Rev. E. D. Lucas, • From the Pre/51Jyterirm lYorld Ne'll}8. Ph.D .

334

"1 DON'T BELIEVE IN FOREIGN MlSS10NS"*

BY PROF. HENRY A. PERKINS, Hartford, Conn.

Proie880r of PhY8ios in Trinity Oollege. Recently Returned PrQ'm a World Tour (' T .1 DON'T believe in Foreign ability and character as the rest pf Missions. The heathen are a us, though, considering the altru- lot better off left to their istic purpose of their job, they are own ways, and their own religions as a whole somewhat more unself- suit them best." ish than we are, and as they must Thus the man who also says that learn, and learn thoroughly, one or it is a mistake to educate the Ne- more difficult foreign languages, gro, that America can keep out of they may average a little higher in world affairs, that the French are intelligence than those whose only a frivolous people and the Japanese speech is American. The best type dishonest. He believes such things is made up of the kind of person just as he believes billboards. He who, when he has found something has of course never visited a mis- good, is possessed of a consuming sion, and probably never even met desire to pass it along. There really a missionary. If he has travelled, are such people, and the best mis.

his opinio·ns have been formed by sionaries have gone out to China, other tourists like himself, or by India and Africa because they actu- the remarks of some chance ac- ally want to share the best things quaintance doing business in the of our civilization with those who Orient. His impressions of mis- haven't got them; they are old sionaries, who usually travel sec- fashioned enough to believe that ond-class, are derived from observ- child marriage, exposing superflu- ing them from the serene altitude ous infants to die, devil worship of the first-class deck. and so on, do not oontribute to the Though foreign missions had a happiness of a people.

very respectable beginning with Of course, there are many sorts St. Paul, though we owe to mis- of missionaries. Some are eminent sions much of the early exploration scholars whose work on the lan- and development of the continent, guages, literature and religions of and though we have been a great the people they live among has been missionary people, one hears that of large value. Dr. John Chandler, missions are harmful-first, be- of Madras, is such a one, and his cause they unsettle the lower class- work on the dictionary ,of the Tamil es; second, because they introduce language, under the auspices of customs and diseases which are the Indian government, is of great destructive of primitive peoples; importance. Everyone recognizes third, because they give the native his value as a philologist, at any a religion to which he is not suited; rate. Other missionaries are men and fourth, because missionaries of such intimate knowledge of na- live luxurious lives, not in harmony tive peoples and their ways that with the ideals of a religion of governments consult them with re- self-sacrifice. gard to colonial policies; such were Missionaries are as varied in the Humes of Bombay and Ahmad- nagar. Still others are great teachoa~c~':.~~':.~~~ ~~b,!'.:'~~:··;~~l.from The Ame"';- ers like the late Dr. W. A. P. Mar- 335

tin, of China, who adapted the Dr. Raman, of Calcutta, is one of Chinese characters to· the demands the world's ablest physicists. So of modern chemistry. China may some day tell us how to unlock the energy within the atom, At the other end of the scale or make some {)ther discovery of there are ignorant missionaries, vital importance. The Chinese are bigoted missionaries, unkempt and fully our equals in intellectual powunsavory missionaries, who were er, and to withhold our learning perhaps failures at home, or would from them, or from other highly have been if they had stayed there. intelligent peoples, would be as- They form a most unattractive suming a serious responsibility. minority, corresponding to similar minorities among politicians and Nobody denies the value of eleteachers, let us say. They may even mentary education for all, and the do harm, though considering that missions are doing what they can they usually find their own level to provide it, even in the jungles of among the much more hopeless out- Africa. In India, and even in China, casts of lands of poverty and mis- it might seem as if this was the ery, it is hard to see how a desire government's job, and that misto improve conditions-which even sionary effort was superfluous. But they must ·have-can be wholly to educate an almost wholly illiterwithout some benefit to the com- ate people numbering hundreds of munity. Even a worm can elevate millions is a Gargantuan task, and a lump of dirt if he puts his mind the Indian government has only to it. scratched the surface so far. If a province needs a thousand schools As to the missions, as organiza- and the government provides but tions, their purpoges and methods ten, ten more supported by the misare as varied as the churches they sions represent 100% gain. . . . represent, and the individuals who compose them. They all want to Other forms of education fosconvert the heathen. That goes tered by missions are training without saying, but they do much women in improving conditions in more than that-very much more- their homes, in the care of their and their ways of approaching the children, and in all forms of hycommon goal are as different as giene. Such work is not spectacis to be expected, and perhaps de- ular but when the result is seen to sired. be good by other women, the new ideas spread ·of their own accord The Missionary Purpose with ever-increasing momentum.

Conversion is far from being the It is a curious fact that everyone, only purpose of most missions. even the most banal objector, They aim at educating the people. seems to believe in medical mis- There are countless schools, col- sions. Hospitals in a city which leges and even great universities have had none before, doctors in founded and supported by mission- lonely outposts where only native ary effort. Whether it is worth medicine men have hitherto pracwhile educating the Chinese, for ticed, seem like rather obvious huexample, in the theories of modern manitarian activities for the folscience may seem debatable to lowers of the Good Physician. The some, but Japan has certainly pro- appalling diseases of the tropics duced eminent men of science, and and orient, and the advanced stages

"I DON'T BELIEVE IN FOREIGN MISSIONS"

to which they have usually devel- are sometimes reproached for usnped before the doctor sees them, ing healing as a means to converwould be a stimulus to the most sion. Well, what of it? The Foundblase medical man. Moreover, even er of Christianity seems to have those who hold that idol worship given His sanction to this practice. is as good for the heathen as Chris- A fourth activity of modern mistianity is f.or us will hardly argue sionary enterprise is agricultural that native medicine is as good as and industrial enlightenment. This ours in curing the natives' diseases. is not yet as common as the other branches I have discussed, but Such medicine is either magic many missions are beginning to pure and simple, with spells and help the farmers in improving incantations to drive out the devils their methods of cultivating the who are supposed to cause all ills, soil, in securing better seed and in or else it is a pseudo-science of breeding better live stock, while strange drugs and crude surgery. others are very active in teaching A root that happens to look like a the natives how to make and sell man has curative powers; tigers' articles of their own handicraft, claws, ground-up pebbles (any peb- thus helping to preserve beautiful ble will do), and other equally ab- designs and forms which are besurd remedies make up the phar- ginning to disappear in competition macopceia. A few valuable herbs with our own machine-made prodknown to native doctors have in- ucts. The University of Nanking, deed been discovered in Asia and in and some branches of the Y. M. C. the tropics, and have been gladly A., as in Hyderabad, India, offer accepted by our physicians, but in good examples of agricultural eduthe main their medicine is worth- cation and research, while such less compared to ours. Their sur- schools as the Congregational Misgery is even worse, for they haven't sions of Sholapur and Madura in the faintest inkling of aseptic India illustrate industrial training. methods, and it is common to encounter such perverted ideas as the What Are the Objections one prevalent in China, where the pus from a boil or other form of Now we come to the objections. infection is deliberately forced back Do missions unsettle the lower into the body. classes? Of course they do. They make the ignorant eager for know- Medical missions, with all their ledge, and knowledge is always unbeneficent activities, are the direct settling. They make them want result of the evangelistic spirit. better homes, with more pay to Very few doctors, qua doctor, provide for them. To prefer cleanwould have felt the impulse to liness to dirt, wholesome food and practice healing in distant and be- enough of it to a few beans or a nighted lands. They are more apt handful of rice, is awfully disturbto crowd into cities already well ing to the status quo. Small wonder cared for, so that even our own that those who employ native labor rural districts are beginning to suf- in China or India, Java or Angola fer. But doctors imbued with the complain bitterly of the evil inmissionary spirit go where the need fluence of the missions! It makes is greatest, and many are as able all the difference whether you want practitioners as those who prefer a to get something out of the native more remunerative practice. They 2

at the I{),west possible cost, or that seems good in Ohio was also whether you want to give him a mistake, because both our cloth- something that is going to make ing and our homes are inimical to him better, regardless of cost. their health. But one should for- Of course, if one really believes give something to those pioneers that people who are used to grind- who longed for homelike surround- ing poverty, pestilence and famine ings, and remember that they gave are better off as they are, then all they had, even life itself, for an there is nothing further to be said. ideal. It was wrong to lay violent But if one admits that these things hands upon such of the native ways'

are always and everywhere evils, as were innocent, but they did not then one must regard the dissatis- understand, any more than anyone faction which results from a desire else at that time understood, that for better living conditions, better clothes may sometimes be harmful, food and better health as a neces- and that nudity may be more mod- sary consequence, though more or est than an evening gown.

less temporary, ·of a justifiable ef- The Impact of the West fort to create a self-respecting peo- ple, able to take its proper place The mISSIOnaries cannot be among the brotherhood of nations. blamed for the disastrous impact The objection that missions have of Western civilization upon the introduced ways of living out of blissful islands where, if we are to harmony with the native environ- trust the novelist, child-like happi- ment and that they kill off the ness once prevailed. Nor can we aborigines by giving them our dis- lay at their door the rapidly dimin- eases is undoubtedly true in some ishing birth rate among pe{Jples cases, notably in the South Sea doomed to extinction because they Islands. But it is only a half truth. have lost all zest for living. This The manners and practices of our is one of the inevitable tragedies of civilization would, of course, have progress, like the fate of the Amer- reached these islands through trad- ican Indian under the "protection"

ers in any case, and their worst of the American nation.

features, disease, strong drink and Today the enlightened mission- various kinds of depravity, have ary recognizes all these considera- been actually introduced in this tions and modifies his early preju- way. So, since the worst features dices to meet the true needs of his of our culture were inevitable, the flock, even to the extent of dis- importation of a few of our better couraging clothes where they are standards and ideas through the harmful.

missionary was the least that could The relative merits of the great be done by way of recompense. religions of the world is too large A New England meetinghouse a subject to enter upon here. All amo·ng the palms of a tropical is- have claims upon our respect. . . .

land is certainly incongruous and But the fad remains that, lofty a fit subject for the mirth of the as these religions may be in their ungodly, but it is a relatively harm- primitive purity, they lack one or less misfit. Making naked savages more essential features of an ideal dress in the styles of New England religion. Buddha's teachings were was a grave mistake, and teaching atheistic. Confucianism is really them to live in the kind of house not a religion at all, but a system of

morals. Hinduism is grossly poly- much to be desired. So even Mo- theistic, and Mohammedanism is hammedans are a proper field for obviously lacking in the higher Christian missionary enterprise, forms of spirituality. Even with and, a fortiori, the adherents of such limitations these creeds at other religions, increasingly so as their best can produce fine qualities we descend the scale of ignorance.

of character and conduct and true If the converts from these non- beauty of soul among some of their Christian religions did not gain in adherents. But these form a mea- self-respect, peace of soul and gen- ger religious aristocracy in contrast eral intelligence after their con- to Christianity, with its power over version, one might still argue that all grades of intelligence and all so- degradation and fear are best for cial strata. the degraded and fearful, but such There are countless millions of is not the case, as anyone must ad- adherents to the great religions mit who has compared the converts just named, and to others less im- of almost any foreign mission with portant, . . . but an overwhelming their unconverted neighbors. The majority of these millions are ut- converts seem awakened and alert terly ignorant and the victims of by contrast, and when they are either degrading or terrifying su- members of the downtrodden, de- perstitions. Fear of all sorts of spised, untouchable outcasts of In- devils, quite undreamed of by the dia, the contrast is striking indeed.

founders of their religions, is their Luxurious Living only strong religious emotion, and the influence of that fear is appar- What of the luxuries with which ent on every hand in their daily the Christian missionary is said to lives. surround himself? Luxury is a While Buddhism, probably at its very relative term. A fur coat is best in Japan, numbers many de- a superfluity in the tropics, a luxvout and learned priests, in China, ury in New York, and a necessity at any rate, it seems to have sadly in Alaska. Noone accuses Dr. degenerated. . . . Grenfell of luxurious living because As to India, it is only necessary he wears furs when ministering to to visit the Golden Temple at Be- the needs of the fishing folk of nares, the Kali Ghat in Calcutta, Newfoundland and Labrador. The or the Great Temple of Siva and nature of one's occupation also dehis consort in Madura to see what the Hindu religion is like; reading termines what ceases to be a luxury one of the more temperate books and becomes a necessity. Formerly treating of child marriage, the evils a horse, as now an automobile, was associated with purdah, and the a necessity for a country doctor, terrible curse of caste, enables us though a luxury for most of us. to judge Hinduism by its fruits … What seem like luxuries in Amer- ica may be grim necessities in Chi- Even Islam is somewhat overlaid na, especially for a missionary with with superstitious corruptions of a family….

what its founder really taught. It The missionary family is a won- is too fatalistic and too material- derful object lesson to the native.

istic, while if it is to be judged by It shows him the respect and con- its fruits, certainly the Turks, its sideration with which we treat our leading exponents, seem to leave women, it gives him new light on

the upbringing of children, on sani- educated at great expense, trained tation in the home, and on all that in foreign language schools and goes to make for domestic happi- sent out into the field at more exness, not to mention the work pense, should incur the same risks among native women which the as those they seek to help. We do wife is able to accomplish. not put an army surgeon in the front line trenches, to share all the Granted, the value of women and dangers of the men whose wounds children in the mission, we must he is to heal. . . . revise our idea of what are luxuries for missionaries. The most obvious The home of the missionary has, "luxury" they enjoy is that of moreover, other uses than for the household servants. . . . A family missionary alone. Classes of mothliving in an American apartment ers and children, parties for old and young, musical gatherings with no servant still has numerous about the piano or the little reed mechanical servants at its disposal, organ, an occasional garden party, such as the water supply, the steam may all take place in this home, so heat, the gas and electricity, while its charm has a real social value in a cafeteria around the corner sup- elevating the standards and tastes plies occasional meals, a telephone of the people whom we believers in brings supplies to the door, and a Foreign Missions desire to help. trolley, or even an automobile, is available to shorten the time con- The Underlying Motive sumed in necessary shopping. This desire to help China or In- Deprived of these conveniences, dia, or any other great but backthe missionary and his wife would ward nation, is too complex in its have very little time to devote to underlying motives to discuss here. their real business unless they were Perhaps, after all, the desire to help replaced by native servants. Such really needs no explanation. It is a perverted use of effort would self sufficient, a deep-seated imnever be tolerated in any business pulse which we dare not disobey. concern. Moreover, half a dozen It is a very trite remark that the servants may be had for the price nations are bound closer and closer of one at home. . . . together daily as means of rapid inter-communication mUltiply. So Other "luxuries" are a comfort- that what becomes of a backward able house, an attractive garden, nation in the future is of tremencheerfully decorated rooms, good dously vital concern to us all, or beds, screens for the windows, a will be to our posterity. China's convenient kitchen, and a bath tub. ultimate destiny, with her more Some of these mean all the differ- than four hundred million souls, is ence between health and sickness. perhaps the most important, and The fact is that few Occidentals, we cannot look on with indifference especially women and children, can at her upward struggle. In this live as the natives live and keep struggle the missions are playing well, even if there were not the ter- an important part, and the kind of rible risk of such scourges as amre· civilization which that great people bic dysentery, malaria, cholera and will achieve depends a great deal the bubonic plague. If the natives on whether or not they absorb the die like flies because of such dis- best we have to offer them, or the eases, that is no good reason why worst.. men and women who have been of SOUTH CHINA. INDO _CHINA, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS ShQwiOIi trevel route af recent trip of R. A Jaffray OKE 01<' ~IR. .TAF'FRAT'R JOURKRYS IN I'lBARCII 01<' U:-;OCCUPIRD FIBLDS THE CALL OF BORNEO AND THE CELEBES BY REV. R. A. JAFFRAY, Wuchow, South China A TR1P to Borneo and the Cele- thought was: "Lord teach me what bes has not been a missionary this means." At once this Scrip- picnic, for these lands are in ture came to mind :-HSon of man, the "uttermost parts of the earth," I have made thee a watchman unto and are dark places without a ray the house of Israel: therefore hear of Gospel Light. the word of my mouth, and give I was feeling glad, after two them warning from me. When I months' absence, to be returning say unto the wicked, Thou shalt home to settle down again to work surely die; and thou give him not in Wuchow, and leave to others warning, nor speakest to warn the the respcnsibility of the perishing wicked of his wicked way, to save souls in these uttermost parts. his life; the same wicked man shall Then the Lord gave me a most die in his inqiuity: but his blood vivid and horrible dream. I thought will I require at thine hand." that I was at home and was a (Ezekiel 3: 17, 18.) I saw the fugitive from justice. It seemed meaning of the blood spots on my that the Lord Jesus was pursuing hands, the blood of immortal souls. me and that I had stains of human What could I do to pay my debt blood on my hands. The pure white and preach the Gospel to them?

snow was on the ground and I All these days I have heard the stopped to wash away the stains. cry of the man of Borneo-"Come Then, as I ran on, I awoke. My first over and help us!" I have had ring- 341 ing in my ears by day and by night In the streets of these cities the the names of "Balik-papan! Balik- darkness that can be felt depressed papan 1 Samarinda 1 Samarinda 1" my soul. It can be dispelled only Satan's complete thraldom over the by the Light of His Word.

souls of men in these parts has Now I hear the call of great never yet been challenged by the cities like Makassar and Surabaya, preaching of the Gospel. names new to me. They ring in I hear the voice of the Great my ears all day and are in my Shepherd saying, "Other sheep I dreams at night. "Makassar!

have ….. them also must I bring." Makassar 1 Surabaya! Surabaya 1"

And again, "Whom shall I send, They represent places of midnight darkness. Thousands of Chinese are in these cities as sheep without a shepherd. The little flocks have no leader. If we can supply Chi- nese Christian workers to help save these dying churches, and to open work in new cities before long we may have a score of self-support- ing Chinese churches here.

We must also send missionaries to the interior of Borneo and the Celebes, where wild head-hunters still live in the jungle. Some day they will hear the glad sound of the Gospel, see the great Light, and be saved. We are debtors to the Chinese, the Malay, the Javanese, the Indian, the Arab of these parts, and to the pagan wild men of the interior. We must not only warn them, but we owe them a debt that we must pay. It is our duty to give them the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ. To fulfil this obli- gation some one must go, and some A NATIVE OF THE CELEBES one will have to send. "How shall they call on Him in whom they and who will go for us?" Who have not believed? And how shall will open a Gospel hall in Balik- they believe in Him of whom they papan and Samarinda? There are have not heard? And hew shall Mohammedan mosques at these they hear without a preacher? And places and heathen Chinese tem- how shall they preach except they ples. The devil is worshipped be sent?" (Rom. 10: 14, 15.) there. Theatres, gambling hells, It will require sacrifice; it will and worse places, all in full swing, cost tears and blood; but it is are thronged with people of many worth while. What a joy to go races – Malays, Javanese, Boegis, with Him, to preach His Gospel Chinese, and "the wild man of "where Christ has not been n a m e d ." Borneo" from the interior.

UNDER THE AMERICAN

What Shall We Do With the Moros of Mindanao?

BY THE REV. FRANK LAUBACH, D.D.

Missionary of the A. B. O. F. M., Mindanao" Philippine [slanas I MAGINE a globe, across which for food. Columbus ventured to is flung an American flag, seek India across the Atlantic in reaching from Maine to the the face of the common superstifurthest island of the distant Phil- tion that he would fall off the edge ippines. On the opposite side of of the world. He struck America the globe paint a huge green stock- but could not get around it. Maing stretching from Spain across gellan, with incredible doggedness, Northern Africa and Southern drove southward until he pene- Asia to the Southern end of the trated the stormy, churning straits Philippines. The heel of the green at the lower extremity of South stocking and the tip of the red, America; and then crossed ten white and blue, overlap in Min- thousand miles of open sea in his danao, for here are a half million little sail boats-on and on, and Mohammedans, the famous Moro on-tearing the leather from the pirates who kept the Pacific in ter- masts, and soaking it in the sea ror for centuries. We now hold and gnawing at it for food-on and those Moros because we took them on for a hundred days. When at from Spain. How Spain came into last he and his crew did reach possession of them is a strange land-it happened to. be Mindanao tale. It begins with Mohammed -they fell down weakly upon their himself. faces and gave thanks to God that Beginning his ministry in 610, they had found a way past their this marvellously electric person- Moslem foes. Then they started ality succeeded in galvanizing his out to explore and, did ever fate followers into "the most violent play so cruel a trick I-found the explosion of human energy in his- Moslems or "Mnros," who· had tory." His cheering throngs come around the world the other pushed across Northern Africa, way and swarmed all over the and by the year 732 were in South- Southern Philippines.

ern France. If they had won the This is how it came about that battle ·of Tours, probably all Eu- twenty-nine years after the Moors rope and America would have be- were hurled from Spain, the piticome Moslem. But they lost that ful struggle began again between battle, and began a very slow re- the "Moros" and the Spaniards in treat. It required 760 years to far-off Mindanao. Spain waited push them out of Spain! The very only long enough to become rooted year Columbus discovered Ameri- in the Northern Philippines, and ca, at the battle of Granada the then she equipped a fleet and sailed last Moors ("Morns" in the Span- to Mindanao to exterminate her ish tongue) were forced across ancient foes. The extermination Gibralter into Africa. went the other way, for scarcelJ They had now become a complete a Spaniard escaped to tell what had bar to all caravans to India. Men, happened.

like animals, will dare anything The triumphant Moros were 343

hungry for more blood. When the annihilate the Moros or even to southwest monsoon began to blow, convert them. All they asked was they sent a great fleet northward peace and obedience to the law. to wreak vengeance. They swooped They never attacked first, but if down upon village after unfortu- the Moros attacked, the recoil was nate village, captured Filipinos and as quick and as terrible as possible. Spaniards, set them to cutting the It was not a flattering reputation crops of rice and corn and piling that preceded the soldiers in some them into the Mora vintas, and areas. My teacher, Data Pambaya, then, by way of reward, they cut tells me that when his grandmother off the heads of the men and first set eyes on an American solcarried off the good-looking women dier, she ran home exclaiming, for theh wives, and the children "Why they are not beasts at all; as slaves. Vengeance proved ex- they walk on two feet like we do, citing and profitable, so when the but they are tall and white I" monsoon blew northward the following year the escapade was re- General Wood made a scientific peated. For two centuries the study of Mora psychology. He Moro guns proved superior to those bought all the books on Mohammeof the Spaniards. danism, the Moros, and the Orient that he regarded as having value- The Filipinos came to expect he had a room full of them-and this scourge as a regular part of what is more he read them. Then, their yearly life. Watch tower~ instead of going directly to Minwere built, where vigilant eyes danao, General Wood spent several scanned the seas by night and day, months in Borneo, Java, Sumatra, ready to sound the alarm that the and Singapore, learning all he Moros were coming so that every could from the Dutch and English living soul might flee to the moun- rulers and from the natives, about tains. Manila had a wall around the prejudices and habits of Malay the entire city. During the nine- Moslems. When he did reach the teenth century, the Spaniards, in Moros he was able to win their common with all Europe, gained a hearts and enlist their loyalty in a tremendous advantage by driving remarkably short time. The Motheir ships with steam, and were ros, for all their bloodthirsty hisable to chase the Moro vintas from tory, are real men. If they worship the seas, but to all intents and pur- physical strength and courage, poses these Moslem pirates were they admire mental astuteness even free from all real control by Spain more; and in General Wood they to, the very last. recognized one of the keenest minds of his day. When America arrived in the Philippines in 1898, the Moros met One Way of Making Friends their masters. Our War Department, realizing that here was a It happened that the Sultan of delicate and difficult region, sent Sulu was absent when General strong men to deal with the situ- Wood landed in Jolo, but Rajah ation-Wood, Pershing, Bullard, Mudah was acting in his place, Davis, Baldwin, Bliss, Sumner. and General Wood invited the These and others not so well known Rajah to pay him a visit. The were not only soldiers, but also Rajah replied that he was ill, so statesmen. They had no desire to Wood sent a company of soldiers

MOSLEMS UNDER THE AMERICAN FLAG

to inquire after his health. When personal prowess could command.

the Rajah saw the soldiers stand- It is a perfect example of feudal- ing at attention before the house, ism. When the American troops he made a quick recovery and ac- arrived, these tribes were in a state cepted the invitation. General of continual warfare, and men Wood received him cordially, never thought of eating, working showed him about the camp, and or sleeping without their weapons.

inquired whether he would be in- Wives or children who ventured terested in seeing a machine gun out of sight without close guard work. After the gun had mowed were likely to be stolen and carried down a few trees, the Rajah be- into slavery. Life in Lanao in came a fast and faithful friend of those days was not good for weak the American army. nerves.

S i mil a r treatment won the A scourge of cholera broke out friendship of the other chieftains, about the time that the American and all went well until they were soldiers arrived, and the Moros requested to free their slaves. naturally supposed that the sol- Then they all threatened civil war. diers had brought it. They rea- Datu Ali, the most powerful of the soned that the way to be rid of the Jolo Datos', shut himself in his cholera was to kill the soldiers, so cota, or bamboo fort, which is more they watched in ambush and picked formidable than it may sound. Six on any small group that ventured feet above the ground the rocts of out of camp.

living bamboo are tightly woven One old Mora named Alandug together and covered with mud-a paid several visits to the Camp and wall six feet or more in thickness, talked with Captain Bullard.

and from this wall rise thousands Noticing that the Americans did of huge hard bamboos to a height not die of cholera, he inquired the of ten or twenty feet, covered with reason, and was told that the men thorns. Such a fort is impregnable boiled the water before drinking it by direct infantry attack, but is not to destroy the cholera germs. The proof against modern field guns. old Mora spread the news that the Wood, who was always sparing of Americans had good Mohammedan the lives of his soldiers, was prof- doctrine for they chased the devils ligate wit h ammunition. He out of the water before drinking it.

smothered this Mora fort with In a short time Moros began to artillery fire, and when he had come from all directions for medi- finished, nobody was alive save cine. Many of them drank a cup those who had fled from the fort. of boiled water in the morning- Captain Bullard has written a and drank anything they wished delightful account of his experi- the rest of the day!

ences at Lake Lanao, where he The Moros are overflowing with sought to bring order out of chaos. surplus energy, and they want Around the lake are about ninety money more than anything else in thousand Moros, divided into "an the world. So Bullard set to work infinity of" small tribelets, each building a road from the coast to more or less ruled by small chief- Lake Lanao, thirty miles inland, tains having pompous titles like and paid what seemed to them "Sultan" or "Rajah" or "Data," enormous wages. Old Alandug yet with no more power than their came first "with a handful of ugly

fellows whom we treated like kings 1906, and the tears sprang to the and handled like infernal machines eyes of the young man, "That," he ready to go off at any moment." cried, "was my father. Oh, I want The number of workers increased to write and tell General Bullard daiIy-"armed, a I way s armed, about it!" And he interpreted the stuck all over with daggers and account excitedly to his brother krises." Even bitter enemies, who, who was sitting with us. "My if they had met anywhere else father was a very good Moslem, would have fought on sight, buried and wanted all the people to obey their deadly hatred for a time, and God. And the most ardent desire worked side by side. The love of of my life is to carry out his money, instead of being a root of wishes." It was one of the tensest evil, in this case worked for peace moments in my life. I took the and progress. hand of young Adbul Gani Moor, and said: "Gani, we shall be Tackling Their Religion friends and co-workers for life, for the most ardent desire of my Now Bullard tackled their re- heart is that the Moros and all the ligion. He studied into the night world shall learn to do the will of until he could talk fluently about God." the Koran, .and then invited the priests to visit him, and amazed Among the Moros life was held them with his knowledge of the very cheaply, one's own as well as sacred book. Although they knew that of another. In Jolo (but not little about it themselves, they pre- in Lanao) a Moro who was tired tended to know everything. From of life and wanted to take the that time the Governor had no shortest road to heaven would "run trouble whatever with the religia.us amuck," or juramentado as the problem, which had always proven Spaniards called it. He would the chief stumbling block of the bathe in a sacred spring, shave off Spaniards. Bullard became such his eyebrows, dress in white, and a close friend of Hadji Mohamad present himself before the' priests Noor, the most reverend Moslem to whom he would take a solemn scholar of them all, that this priest oath to die fighting the enemies of arose in Mora. Assembly and an- the faith. Then, hiding weapons nounced that it was the will of under his clothes, he would go to "Allah hoo ta Allah" that the the nearest Christian town, snatch Americans should rule over the his weapon from concealment and Moros and tax them to one-fifth of proceed to kill every person in all their goods! Never before in sight until he himself was killed. history had a Mora paid a cent of Simply injuring this fanatic would tax to anybody! The triumph of not stop him, for he would fight so Bullard's diplomacy was complete. long as there was any life left in him. If bayonetted, he would The best educated young Moro often seize the barrel of the rifle in Lanao has become my fast and push the bayonet farther into friend and my assistant editor. himself in an effort to get nearer "My father," he told me, "was the to the soldier at the other end. very first man to urge the Moros When at last the Moro perished, to obey America." So I read Cap- the news would be carried to his tain Bullard's account which ap- relatives who would then hold a peared in the Atlantic Monthly in

celebration. As night was coming ought to see Washington, the capon, some of them always saw him itol of the United States!" riding on a white horse bound for the abode of the blessed. Ten years after Carpenter began his work, one of the great round People who esteem life as cheap- the world boats was advertising, ly as that are not safe with fire- "See Zamboanga, the most beautiarms. Gathering up all the guns fullittle city in the world !" in the Moro country proved far the most difficult task undertaken by The result of this demonstration American soldiers. The Moros was that the Moros, especially the prize their guns more than any school children, went to work other of their possessions. At planting flowers around their present every Moro who desires to homes, and tried their hand at carry a gun must have a govern- rustic paths and fountains. Govment license. It is a privilege ernor Carpenter scoured the world which all important men prize also for new ideas in agriculture. highly, so they keep the law as Plots of ground were selected carefully as possible for fear their where the Moros could see what license may be taken away from was going on, and commercial them. plants of all kinds were raised for distribution. Seeds were distrib- New Ideas for Old uted free of charge, a specialist even going with the Moros to. show Clearly the chief need of the them how to plant and care for Moros was new ideas to take the the new crops. Coffee, rubber, tree place of their petty feuds and their cotton, avacarda pears and many narrow outlook; and all governors other articles are now permanently of the Moro country have been established. wracking their brains and scouring libraries for such ideas. Gov- The most wonderful tale in ernor Carpenter of Zamboanga Mindanao is this: For the first was the most original. He secured time in the history of Islam, a Moa landscape gardener from Wash- hammedan nation is going to school ington and set him to work beauti- to Christian teachers. The Moros fying Zamboanga. Beautiful little of Lanao are eager for their boys parks began to appear like magic. to have an education, for they see Fountains, charming waterfalls, that there is no other way in which and glorious flower gardens caught they can protect themselves from the eyes of the Moros, who had oppression and exploitation on the always loved color in their clothes part of unscrupulous people. but had not thought of putting it into their landscape. Numerous Even a few of the girls are atcanals, that once had been ugly tending school. But there are mud holes, began to shimmer with many hindrances in their way. An exquisite water lilies. Splendid Indian Moslem visiting the Moros concrete buildings arose along said: "The place of woman is to clean streets, and a great beautiful be subservient to man, and if she pier crept out into the bay, bril- becomes educated she talks back liantly lighted by dozens of gilded and wants too much money, and electric lamps. When the en- you cannot keep her in her place. thralled Moros asked the reason No, it will never do to educate for all this, they were told: "You women!" Then the educated girls tell the Moros that they intend to

marry Christians because they do the beginnings of an experiment in not like the easy divorce customs adult education, rather different of Islam, and they will not tolerate from anything of which I have a second wife. For these and other read elsewhere. Old and young reasons the Bureau of Education alike pile into our schoolroom is worried about the girls whom it whenever we open the doors, and educates, and is actually refusing study how to read our paper until to accept some who apply as stu- we have to invite them to go home dents in the schools. A profound for luncheon or until darkness social change results in these girls, prevents fUrther seeing. It seems and the Bureau wishes to be sure easy to prepare Moros teachers that it is not a change for the who can extend this "folk school" worse, or perhaps lead to a war idea all through the Province, and of the sexes! so teach the Moros how to become acquainted with the events of the A Great Danger in Lanao world around them.

The danger in Lanao is not that America owes a large debt to the Moros will refuse to drop their these Moros. We made them religion, but that they will take a promises which thus far we have cynical attitude toward religion left unfulfilled. They surrendered and morals in general. Those who to America, because they trusted have been in contact with "Chris- her. We deprived them of their tian" civilization are as a rule not means of self-defense. We owe it so good as those who have been to them to see that they are not wholly free from the contact. crushed and even exterminated in the pathway of greed. If we can- Bishop Brent, while in the not help them by peaceful meth- Philippines, became so greatly im- ods, they constantly tell me they pressed with the need of the Moros will resort again to arms, and if that three wealthy society women, they do they will bring misfortune infected with his zeal, went to J 010, upon themselves and all the Philipestablished a fine agricultural pines. They still remain the one school, and almost transformed the menace to Philippine Independence spirit of that once dangerous Is- which most worries many of us. land. On the other hand, if we give Four months ago, the Rev. them the aid they need they can Donato Galia and I opened our new become mighty leaders in this part station in Lanao Province among of the world. Nobody questions some hundred thousand Moros. their innate qualities. Personally We have found them friendly be- I believe that we shall see Moros yond all expectation. We began a driving down into Borneo and Java little newspaper in the Maranao and Sumatra and the Straits with dialect, which has been well re- their boundless energy, carrying ceived and is proving a channel for the new vision of what Christ can ideas of all sorts. It is published do for the enrichment of Islam. in Maranao with Arabic letters, and with Roman letters, and in These ancient pirates of the English. Perhaps half the men of Pacific can become the key tn the Lanao can read one of these three Moslem problem in The Far East. columns, and they all wish they They have it in their blood to do it. could read the other two. We have But what will America do?

RELIG IOU:;; RIHiCNI'ION CLASS IN A COUNTRY DAY

RELIGIOUS TRAINING FOR RURAL YOUTH BY THE REV. JAY S. STOWELL, Philadelphia, Pa.

Director of i'lt lJ licitlf, Board of l1U1nc Mi.'fsions a,1id Church R:.rtcnsion oj the ilIf;thutiist f,;pis("o}Jul ellul'clt OUT in Wyoming a certain A small but growing army of young woman had a "flat" trained young women are today at at a rather inconvenient work in rural areas on a new promoment, for a group of boys and gram which promises to revolugirls was awaiting her arrival at tionize religious procedure for a rural schoolhouse some miles these districts. It holds out to the away. After some tribulations the boys and girls in rural areas new damaged tire was repaired but the and better opportunities in relitraveler was so belated that it gious nurture than they have ever seemed almost foolish to proceed. before had. The plan, if extended, However, her habit of persistence will bring religious nurture to milhad its reward when she met the lions of youth attending rural pubentire group of bays and girls, lic schools, but who, for the most mostly Japanese and Scotch, at a part, have no regular contact with point a mile and a half from the any church or Sllnday-sclwol. It schoolhouse. They had come to will make possible religious train- meet their teacher, both because ing for other millions of boys and they were curious to know what girls who have had only the rather had happened to her and also be- sketchy aid of untrained volunteer cause they were determined not to Sunday-school teachers for twenty miss what she had to offer. That minutes a week when teacher and thing was not any part of the or- pupil have both found it convendinary public school curriculum ient to be present. Perhaps we but was instruction in religion and can best explain by citing the exlife. periences of one day with one of 349

these modern teachers of religion. promise to rural religion. No two One morning I was met at lessons had been alike, but each one' had fitted into a consecutive series. Ithaca by Miss Viola Schuldt, a I had seen small children cut, fold, college-trained young woman with and color their own paper "winpostgraduate w 0 r k in religious dows" which were then held closely education. After an early break- against the glass of the real winfast we headed for the country, dow while the pupils named the hustled for some miles over hard things which they could see for roads, swung onto a narrow, wind- which they wished to thank Gcd. ing, dirt road, and finally reached Afterward these lists were copied the top of a hill, where we found on the paper windows. The items an ancient one-room school. A ranged from trees and flowers to group of children were awaiting cows and people. Those carefully the opening of school, and a teacher made and colored windows, with was approaching from a distance. their list of blessings, wculd be faithfully preserved and would The bell rang and for sixty teach their own lessons during the minutes I listened to a thoroughly days that the teacher was away. prepared teacher presenting, according to approved pedagogical There were drills in the use of methods, a 'very effective lesson on the Bible, for the teacher provides God as the Heavenly Father. The Bibles at small cost. One group pupils belonged to no church and learned an evening prayer. Anattended no Sunday-school; some other discussed and planned in deof them were from homes of pov- tail a Thanksgiving party to be erty. During that hour they re- given at the schoolhouse for their ceived an impression which will mothers. They gave the reasons stay with them through life. They why the items which they sugwere so intent upon the lesson that, gested should be included in the when a huge threshing machine program. lumbered past over the country road in full view of the window, One school presented a simple, scarcely an eye was turned. These but carefully planned, religious farm youth here learned something dramatization, in which practically that will make them better citizens every member of the school parand will permanently enrich their ticipated. The One Hundredth lives. Psalm was used as memory work for one group, and notebook work At ten o'clock we sped on to an- formed a part of the program for other school where a still larger all the groups. Questions as to group of pupils awaited a lesson on what constitutes religious living Thanksgiving, of e qua II y high were discussed. merit; four o'clock found us on another hilltop, completing the Millions of Americans have resixth lesson for the day, this time ceived all the religious training upon the meaning of the Kingdom they ever had in church services or of Heaven. It was one of the most Sunday schools held in some schoolinteresting days I have ever spent, house. These new rural teachers for I had been watching an out- of religion are able to carryon standing representative of a new their work in conjunction with profession putting into practical public school authorities only beoperation a program of amazing cause of the provision of New York

RELIGIOUS TRAINING FOR RURAL YOUTH

State law making possible the re- of the salaries of the workers. lease of pupils one hour each week Methodists, Presbyterians, Bapfor religious instruction. After tists, Episcopalians and others several years of experience, the have joined and have produced the cash to make this new venture work has so commended itself to possible. parents that they sign written requests that their children shall be Rural teachers of religion are alreleased for it. Other states have ready at work in states as widely similar provisions and the number separated as New York, Pennsylseems likely to increase. In states vania, Arizona, Connecticut, Idaho, where laws are different the work Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, is frequently carried on b e for e Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Michschool hours, during recess or after school. igan, Oregon, California, Montana, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, INDIAN PUPILS IN A MOUNTAIN SCHOOr. AND 'J'HEIR BIBLE TEACHER In Tompkins C 0 u n t y, Miss Oklahoma, Tennessee, West Vir- Schuldt reaches each week 284 gInIa, Wyoming, and probably pupils between Monday and Fri- other states from which no reday. She is one of five such work- ports are at hand. ers giving their time to this work. Tompkins County is, in fact, one In one county in Michigan one of the outstanding counties in the trained girl was now reaching United States in the development more boys and girls each week of this ministry to rural youth. through the public schools than all It has been made possible largely the churches of all denominations by the vision and patient per- in the same territory had reached sistence of Professor Ralph Felton through the Sunday-school at any of the Rural Extension Depart- one time in the past fifteen years. ment of Cornell University, and by the generosity of the churches of In Lane County, Oregon, the Ithaca, which have provided most work was begun three years ago under the personal direction of Miss Mary C. Harding, and was

later taken over by the Lane In one school a mother reported that County Council of Religious Edu- it was the first time her little boy had cation. The first year fifteen attended a religious service, and the first classes were organized with 329 time she and her husband had attended pupils; the next year the work "church" since they were married. In grew to twenty-five classes with another district the school was made up of Czechoslovakian, Polish, Hungarian, Welsh and Scotch children, only one 508 pupils. The present plans call American family being included. Many for fifty classes with an enrolment of the children in the kindergarten could of nearly one thousand. The work speak no English, and the mothers spoke is done on released school time and only brokenly but attended a class or- ganized to teach English.

reaches legging camps and lumber These are brief glimpses of a towns as well as agricultural com- movement that is s pre a din g munities. through rural America much faster These new rural teachers of re- than many imagine. It is bringing ligion are not limited to one meth- into existence a new profession for od of work. During the summer college and normal school grad- months they promote hundreds of uates who have taken time to daily vacation schools of religion. specialize in the work of religious One worker in Illinois reported education. The field is so full of twelve such schools under her di- promise and the method of work rection, with fifty-three volunteer so economical that men of wealth teachers and nearly six hundred would do well to set aside some pupils. Seventeen of these volun- millions of dollars with which to teer workers were public school challenge communities to achieve- teachers with normal training, ment along this line of religious nine college-trained high school nurture for rural youth. The teachers, two college-trained pas- movement might then be stim- tors' wives, three pastors with col- ulated somewhat as Andrew Car- lege training, two other college negie stimulated the loan library graduates, one undergraduate, and or as Julius Rosenwald has stim- nineteen with high school training. ulated the work of elementary edu- Without such trained leadership cation among Negroes.

probably not one of the schools Thus far the churches of Ithaca would have been held and six hun- have led the country in their will- dred boys and girls would have ingness to assume the salaries of missed several weeks of consecu- these rural teachers of religion, tive training in matters of religion. while the communities in which the During last summer Miss Esther work is done have been challenged B. Cutler, a worker in Wyoming, to provide a budget for traveling had charge of eight such vacation expenses and for educational ma- schools of religion with a total en- terials. In Lane County, Oregon, rolment of 240 pupils, ranging the teaching is done largely by stu- from four to twelve years of age. dents on part time. The communi- Of her experiences Miss Cutler ties served are expected to pay the writes: salary of the teacher, while travel- Many of the children are not connected ing expenses are provided by a with any church or church school and financial campaign. In some cases their parents have no church connec- Rural Religious Education Societion. Many of the boys and girls came a long distance on horseback or in car- ties with a membership fee have riages…… . been organized among rural and

town dwellers to support this rural over, but it does mean that we canprogram of religious nurture. Na- not depend upon it exclusively to tional agencies, both denomina- provide religious training for the tional and interdenominational, boys and girls in America. The have also made direct appropria- public school is the only agency tions for this religious ministry. which reaches ninety per cent of All of these methods of support American youth, so that any comhelp, but the field is enormous and prehensive system of religious nuris ripe unto harvest. ture shculd be worked out in terms of school districts and school It has become increasingly clear groups. that the Sunday-school cannot be DRAMATIZING A BIBI,E STORY IN A CLASS IN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION depended upon to fill the needs of These new workers in religious the boys and girls of America for education are blazing a new trail full religious nurture. It has for a more comprehensive plan of reached only a fraction of Amer- religious nurture for rural youth. ican youth and it labors under the Our rural regions are crying out handicaps of the "peak-load-at-a- for a great army of well qualified single-hour," the limitations of un- religious teachers, as well trained, trained teachers, and irregularity as well paid, and as sure of an opof attendance on the part of both portunity for service as are public teachers and pupils. The latest re- school teachers. The way is beligious census shows that only 44.1 ginning to open. State legislatures per cent of the children of the are breaking down some of the bar- United States are even enrolled in riers; boys and girls of our rural Sunday-school – an actual decline areas are finely responsive, and a of more than four per cent in a crowd of enthusiastic coli e g edecade. This does not mean that trained workers are crying out, the day of the Sunday-school is "Let's go!"

3

FROM THE FRONT*

Siam Christians Accept Responsibilities crease in enrollment. Reinforce- Na~ionals willingly accepting in- ments and adequate appropriacreasmg responsibility for work tions urgently needed and call for but urgently asking for more train- the earnest prayers of the home ing. All churches in South Siam Church.-Rev. T. E. Barber.

Presbytery united in supporting Guatemala Sends Greetings work in East Siam.-Rev. Herbert Lord's work advances spite erup- W. Stewart. tion, earthquakes, drought, finan- Pray for Japan's Spiritual Advance cial crisis, revolution. Believers Hokkaido, Japan, a land of un- growing in grace, volunteer servlimited opportunities for Christ. ice, giving. Marvelous opportuni- Cities of over 60,000 and 70,000 ties. Force undermanned. Mediwith no resident foreigner demand cal work extended to unserved dismission~ries immediately. North- tricts. Home needed to replace ern Star Girls' School, with every shack for missionaries at boys' teacher a Christian, had over school. New school building Queeighty baptisms last year. You at zaltenango great asset. Praise, home please study, pray and give pray, sustain budget, send best that Japan may advance spiritu- young people.-Rev. L. P. Sullenally as she has materially.-Rev. berger. Leo C. Lake. :Brazil Plans Expansion Venezuela Asks Open Door Presbyterian Missions in Brazil have produced one of strongest National Church and Mission national churches in the world, carrying on in spite of exclusion but vast interior regions still un- of foreign clergy. We unitedly touched by Gospel. Missions plan- ask interest and help in forward ning expansion Amazon Basin movement in Venezuela. Remem- and Indians Upper Xingu. More ber our building program in your prayer, money and reinforcements offerings. Pray for deepened spir- from home churches urgently itual life for Venezuela Church and needed for advance. Confident that God may open way for en- you will not fail us.-Rev. Philip trance of much-needed mission- S. Landes.

aries.-Rev. C. A. Phillips. From West Africa Colombian Government Sympathetic To the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.: Much progress is being New Colombian government by made in the old fields of Cameroun fair election is sympathetic to all and fine opportunities are opening our work. Great opportunities for in unoccupied or partially occupied the spread of the Gospel. Young regions. The church here is men and women offering them- marching forward and no insurselves for service require prepara- mountable obstacles are visible. tion. Critical financial crisis causes Continued support is urgently much distress. Schools greatly in- needed to man properly the line • From the PresblftPT-ian IVorld New8. of occupation.-Rev. R. H. Evans.

354

'J'HE WORLD CONGRESS {W CHRISTIAK }lISSIONS AT

WORLD MISSIONS AT CHATTANOOGA The Story of the Notable CO'/1,gress Held in Tennessee BY DAVID M. SWEETS, Louisville, Kentucky Ewit(lr of The Cltr~N«-'H Observer ; BOUT 1,800 registered dele- the report. The Findings Commit- tee brought in its report at the last £". gates attended the Congress session.

on World Missions in Chat- Great enthusiasm was manitanooga in addition to several hun- fested by those attending the Condred unofficial delegates and visi- gress. tors. The large auditorium, with a seating capacity of over 5,009 Dr. J. P. McCallie, of Chattapersons, was comfortably filled at nooga, and the local committee on the night meetings. A magnificent arrangements had made adequate pageant was presented by repre- preparation for the comfort and sentatives of the Chattanooga convenience of all the delegates. churches, portraying the seventy The program had been carefully years of missionary work of the prepared under the direction of Dr. Presbyterian Church in the United C. Darby Fulton. States. Rev. James 1. Vance, D.D., chair- Each afternoon, one of the re- man of the Executive Committee ports* of the six commissions ap- of Foreign Missions, at the openpointed a year ago was read and ing session outlined the task of the immediately the Congress divided church as follows: up into thirty groups-ten in the Men's Division, ten in the Women's Has the church of the twentieth Division, and ten in the Young Peo- century enough character for its task? ple's Division-for discussion of Can it shake off its entanglements with politics, with industry and capi- • The reports of tile Commissions were pub· tal, with civic reforms and credal big- otries, and emancipate itself for its ~~s~ege i~e:u~;~kfo~f i5"2cfnat~e~y c~;1t'n~f t,;h~~~ supreme undertaking which is spir- itual? Can it clothe itself with salva- ~30~1~:;.h~li~,m¥:~~,.of Foreign Missions, Box 355

tion, and flaming with a new passion OOO,OQ() in the next eighteen for Calvary, and bearing the marks of months."

the Cross in its hands and feet, get Dr. James Endicott gave a conto its work? We are here to see. This vincing address, proving that for- Congress will mean next to nothing eign missions is of the very warp unless there issues from it a church and woof of the New Testament. born again, The report of Commission I, of The opening address of the Con- which Dr. Walter L. Lingle was gress was made by Rev. Mark A. chairman, contained the following Matthews, D.D., pastor of the First section on "Missionary Obligation Presbyterian church of Seattle. He and Motive": asserted that the answer to the question, "Why is not our ;cphrch Christ the Only. Foundation more interested in contributing In dealing with the obligations of its ,mdney and its sons and daugh- the Christian church to carry the Gos- ters to missionary work?" was to pel to the nonChristian lands we are be found in the fact that "there touching the crux of the whole prob- are 63,000,000 pagans in America, lem today. Why is it that the interest and it is harder to bring American in foreign missions is everywhere lagpagans to Christ than it is to con- ging and that gifts are faIling off? It is because the Chri·stian people are vert the heathen ….. . no longer gipped by a burning con- "I am standing on the terms of viction that men everywhere are lost without Christ. The sense of urgency, command and by the authority of of immediate danger, of a crisis in Christ, who is absolute in power salvation has largely disappeared. in heaven and earth. Christ is the Many of our preachers no longer only incarnation; there never has been one before and there never preach as dying men to dying men.

will be another. That doctrine Our forefathers believed that men would change America today in everywhere without Christ were in imminent danger of facing the wrath fifteen minutes if the materialistic .of God. Our modern world has largely crowd who are hoarding the wealth lost this urgent note in salvation. We need to restore it. We need to learn would realize it." that we are in danger not only of the Contributions to mission have wrath of God hereafter, but that here and now a world without Christ faces been decreased because "we have immediate disaster in its economic, been spending our money on our- social and international relationships. selves," Dr. Matthews said.

"The organized forces of the antichrist are doing more today to Our age is not primarily interested in weaken the arm of Christianity what it conceives to be a mere figment and to thwart its aim than ever of the theological imagination, but it before," he declared. "Communis- is vitally concerned in present losses tic theories and policies are sweep- and disasters. It is this loss of a ing the world. One billion four mighty conviction about salvation and hundred million people yet unsaved of both a present and a future disaster are lying out before us, presenting to the soul and to modern civilization a field white for the harvest. If without Christ that has cut the nerve Christians were to do the hand- of missionary obligation and enthusi- asm. picked personal work that was What has destroyed this burning done in the first century of the conviction that the nonChristian world church we could touch those 1,400,- is lost without Christ? The problem

1931J WORLD MISSIONS AT CHATTANOOGA

here is very little different on the for- Jesus Christ. He loved us and gave eign field from what it is at home. Himself for us. All that we are to- The disease has only come to a head day, and all that we hope to be through a little more quickly on the frontier the eternal age·s to come we owe to lines. What has destroyed the Chris- Him. He wants us to tell all the world tian conviction both at home and the story of His redeeming love. He abroad is the rising tide of secularism. has made His heart's desire known to This, more than the heathen religions, us in many ways. He has even com- is the subtle foe that we must meet manded us to go and preach the Gos- abroad. In fact, the heathen religions pel to every creature. His love should are being undermined by this same be a constraining motive. His com- naturalism ….. . mand should be final with those who At one time all departments of hu- love Him. We have a longing to be man endeavor were built on a churchly Christ-like. If we really want to be foundation. But, one by one, each has like Him, we must share His desire asserted its independence of ecclesi- that all men should be saved ….. . astical control and built its superstructure anew on Ii basis of pure God's ideal for the individual is that naturalism …… Science was once a he should become perfectly like Jesus child of the church; but she has raised Christ. "Whom He did foreknow them the standard 'of revolt, and desires not did He also predestinate to be cononly to rule her own household with- formed to the image of His Son." out outside help, but also to build all His ideal for the world is that it moral and spiritual values on a secu- should become perfectly like heaven. lar foundation. Today the new reli- "Thy Kingdom come. Thy will be gion of Humanism would do without done on earth as it is in heaven." ….. the church, her sacraments and her These ideals can be realized only as supernatural revelation. Such is the men everywhere learn to know and revolt of secularism. It is Christian- love the Christ, and crown Him Lord ity's greatest enemy both at home and of all in their lives ….. . abroad. It has largely taken the nerve out of missionary obligation to a lost An appealing statement was made and dying world. by the Jerusalem Council: Since Christ is the motive, the end of Chris- If this abiding missionary convic- tian missions fits in with that motive. tion and obligation is to be restored, Its end is nothing Jess than the prothen we must show to the world, both duction of Christ-like character in inat home and abYoad, that personality dividuals and societies and nations and modern civilization will perish un- through faith and fellowship with less they are built upon the Rock Christ, the living Saviour, and through Christ Jesus. For other foundati~n corporate sharing of life in a divine can no man lay-not science, philoso- society. Christ is our motive and phy, secularism or humanism-than Chri·st is our end. We must give noththat is laid, which is Jesus Christ. We ing less, and we can give nothing more.

need to show to the world anew the Dr. S. M. Zwemer gave an admeaning of sin both in its individual and in its social aspects, to make clear dress in which he said that the that all secular foundations for the church has lost its sense of the ursoul and for society will ultimately gency of missions, its sense of the fail, to present attractively and con- adequacy of the Gospel and its vincingly the unchanging Christ as sense of the supremacy of Christ. the solution of the world's problems, and as bringing salvation both here Two gripping messages were brought by Dr. Robert E. Speer.

and hereafter. In one he dwelt particularly on the We are under eternal obligation to present day objections that are be-

ing advanced, without and within and who are groping around for the church, concerning foreign mis- the new. sions-objections no different from those which the first Christian had The scope of the Congress can to confront. be seen from the subjects assigned to the six Commissions that pre- In another address he said : "We pared and presented comprehenare facing the same problems with sive reports as follows: which Christianity was confronted at its beginning-problems dealing I. The Missionary Message and with the destiny of the human soul, Obligation-Christianity and the Nonthe personality of Jesus and the Christian Religions. Rev. W. L. relationship of Christianity with Lingle, D.D., chairman. the other religions of the world. The relationship of religion to the II. The Foreign Field-Our Misstate, to politics, to war, to mar- sionary Responsibility. Rev. D. W. riage and to citizenship, also is the Richardson, D.D., chairman. problem of Christianity now as in the beginning." III. The Church at Home-How Can It Meet This Responsibility? Dr. Speer referred to fallacious Rev. H. W. DuBose, D.D., chairman. educational ideas and said: "An idea has been evolved that educa- IV. The Pastor and Missions-His tion must not transmit anything, Place of Leadership. Rev. Wm. M. but must be evocative. We are told Anderson," D.D., chairman. that the experience of mankind in all the years of its existence must V. The Offering of Possessionsnot be transmitted through educa- Adequately Financing the Enterprise. tion. Are we to refrain from teach- Rev. A. S. Johnson, D.D., chairman. ing a language to children until they become eighteen, so that they V. The Offering of Life-The will be able to choose what lan- Missionary Recruits, Past, Present guage they shall learn? Must and Future. Rev. W. Taliaferro everyone start at the beginning of Thompson, D.D., chairman. the human race and learn all its experiences for himself? The Findings things that in the past twenty years the antichristian forces have The facts set forth in the report been attacking are the secondary of Commission I on "The Missionagencies of the church, which we ary Message and Obligation" conhad been told were what the world stitute a ringing appeal to the wanted-the schools and the hos- church. pitals. The need of the world for Jesus "It is sad to see men tearing is as great today as it was when down the old gods before they have He ascended the Cross on Calvary. found the true God, but it gives the The imperative of the Great Com- Christian church an opportunity to mission, "Go ye into all the world replace the old half truths with the and preach the Gospel to every full truth of the living God. The creature," has lost none of its old fanaticisms are dying down, force. He is still saying, "If ye and all over the world one sees men love me, keep my commandments," who have forsaken the old gods "As the Father hath sent me, even so send I you."

In dealing with the obligation of the Christian church to carry the Gospel to the nonChristian lands we are touching the crux of the whole problem today. Why is it that the interest in foreign mis-

WORLD MISSIONS AT CHATTANOOGA

sions is everywhere lagging and more be placed upon the native that gifts are falling off? It is be- church for support and direction.

cause the Christian people are no Schools which are only secondary longer gripped by a burning con- should not be continued. Recog- viction that men everywhere are nizing the evangelistic value of lost without Christ. these institutions, however, we be- The sense of urgency, of imme- lieve that the church should be diate danger, of a crisis in salva- slow to adopt a policy of establish- tion, has largely disappeared. ing no more schools and hospitals, Many of our preachers no longer but should at present strengthen preach as dying men to dying men. those in existence and be guided Our forefathers believed that men by conditions on the fields in fu- everywhere without Christ were in ture policy.

imminent danger of facing the It should be our missi()nary pro- wrath of God. Our modern world gram to develop in all our fields has largely lost this urgent note self-supporting, self-governing, and in salvation. We need to restore self-propagating native churches, it …… We need to show to the and the church at home should world anew the meaning of sin, supply all that is necessary to real- both in its individual and in its ize this end.

social aspect's, to make clear that To meet these needs there shOUld all secular foundations for the soul be an increase both in missionary and for society will ultimately fail, force and financial support. The to present attractively and con- commission estimates that a twen- vincingly the unchanging Christ ty per cent increase in number of as the solution of the world's prob- missionaries during the next ten lems and as bringing salvation both or fifteen years and an annual in- here and hereafter. crease of five per cent in mission- Our church has not undertaken ery offerings during the same too great a missionary task, and period seems to be a reasonable that we should press on to its com- estimate.

pletion as rapidly as the church Under the guidance of God a furnishes the means for advance. call should be made to all churches Conditions in the world and on our for confession of our inadequate mission fields emphasize the ur- faith, and of our lack of genuine gency of the task and call the self-denial and of devotion to our church to renewed energy and con- Lord and to His service …… The centration to the task. budget should be considered the The effective accomplishment of minimum and that churches should our missionary task means that we be called upon for additional spe- should first establish and strength- cial sacrificial gifts to meet the en the work already under way, great needs of the world as the op- then press on as rapidly as pos- portunityoffers.

sible into unoccupied areas. Direct We strongly endorse the grow- evangelistic work should be ing practice of schools of missions stressed. Institutional work, as and missionary libraries in the represented by scho()ls and hospi- Church, and we especially com- tals should be made subordinate mend schools of missions for men.

and contributory to the evangelistic We believe that there should be objective. They should more and worked Ol,lt some original plan for

the education of the Church in all sound physical condition in order its causes ….. . that the percentage of return be lessened. In the period of prep- The appeal for foreign mission aration, they be encouraged to culsupport should be grounded more tivate a balanced mental attitude largely in a portrayal of the tri- toward life, including participaumphs of the Gospel of Christ and tion in recreational activities, and that the note of defeatism should the cultivation of necessary periods not be so often sounded. of relaxation from their work. They should also be men and wom- The Pastor and Missions en of good general ability. Above all, a missionary must have a sound The pastor, being the divinely moral character and an intense deappointed overseer of the individ- votion for the Master. ual church and the recognized key to all forward movements, should In addition to trying to make the assume the responsibility of mis- missionary spirit permeate all our sionary leadership. It is the judg- homes and institutions, the Church ment of the groups that the pas- has the right to call to particular tor's leadership in missions can be fields such representatives as are made more effective if elders, dea- deemed suitable and desirable. The cons and members of our churches Church through its Foreign Miswould recognize and assume their sion Committee should have the Christ – appointed obligation to power to call a man or woman to a carry out the purpose and program field, but that individual must in of the Great Commission. How- no way be constrained beyond ever, the missionary enthusiasm in what he interprets to be the call of any church, including officers and God to that work. This is not to members, is almost directly pro- be construed to discourage volunportionate to the faithfulness and teering for the field. effectiveness with which the pastor gives missionary information and Our missionary representatives inspiration. should receive the best possible training before being sent out: It There should be greater em- was emphasized again and again phasis on consecration of self and that this training should begin in means, through leadership by pre- Christian homes. This training cept and example of pastor and should, if possible, include the obofficers of every church with firm taining of a college degree because conviction that the tithe is a debt of the necessity for recognition on to the Lord and that gifts come the foreign field. However, the afterward. main emphasis in training should be to secure a real spiritual experi- The Offering of Life ence in the candidate, since the Congress finds the main motive for Missionaries are wanted and are securing, training and sending out needed, and are being sent out to- or going as missionaries "the need day, but that there is a particular and sacrifice of Christ:' need for securing the very best possible type of men and women. These missionaries should be of

IS YOUR BIRTHDAY?

Birthday Bands and Their Remarkable World Wide Mission " H BY EMMA BELLE D. PIERSON, Montclair, New Jersey AVE you ever heard of the Gather Up the Fragments. The most remarkable mission- happy company of 6,000 donors ary enterprise in the now belonging to this Band sent world?" last year over £1300 ($6,500) in This question by a Christian lay- thank offerings of birthday shil- man in Australia was interjected lings.

into a conversation as we sat on a They work through existing mishillside overlooking the city of sionary organizations, helping mis- Brisbane, Queensland. The super- sionaries in tight places when there lative adjective caught our atten- is no money available to meet tion. Then he told us a story of a some peculiarly urgent need. Last world-wide ministry founded by a year the gifts touched twenty-four missionary minded mother and an different countries, supported impressionable lad in Australia twenty-six native Christians, ac- who became interested in working tive messengers for Christ to their and saving and giving to educate own people, and kept in Christian a boy in India. It was in the days homes and schools forty-five boys of paper shaving balls, and the and girls who had been rescued son's willing little hands made doz- from opium dens, idol temples and ens and dozens of these balls and slavery of all kinds. The original sold them, sending a goodly sum Band has increased to eighty-four, on his birthday each year to India with eighty-four prayerful volun- to educate his little brown skinned teer secretaries who send personal brother in a Christian school. Then greetings and missionaries news- the World War came and took this letters to each member as each earnest young Australian boy, birthday comes around. The sec- whose life might have been spent retary's other joyful duty is to for- in the service of Christ in the mis- ward to the central office the "love sion field. The bereaved mother gifts" that come in response to conceived the thought of perpetu- these greetings. There are no paid ating his work, by forming a Mis- officers, (postage stamps are al- sionary Birthday Band to which most their only over-head ex- everyone having a birthday might penses), but such real links are be eligible. being forged between the givers There are missionary enterprises and the needy in far off mission you can visit and see, there are lands that the work is an effective others you cannot. No buildings education.

of stone, no elaborate organiza- One outgrowth from this Mis- tions represent them at home or sionary Birthday Band is as interon the field, but they are neverthe- esting as the Band itself. One less truly adventures for God in member, a retired missionary from the realm of service. Such is the China, appreciating the cheery Missionary Birthday Band formed birthday letter received with news twelve years ago, with the motto: of the one his love gift was help- 361

ing, thought of a bedridden friend little widows who are proteges.

whom he might enroll and thus We stopped at desolate Thursday bring a new outside interest into Island where a tiny girl named his life. The invalid was Mr. Rob- "Little Lovely" is being educated ert A. Byers of Melbourne, for for God's service, enduring there thirty years a helpless paralytic, the hottest average temperature in tc tally blind and partially deaf, and all the world. In the Kwato Mis- hopelessly lock-jawed. With the sion, Papua, we saw how the gifts first birthday greeting to this inva- of the Band are being multiplied lid came a booklet telling of a little a hundredfold in the hands of the blind orphan in India whom the devoted missionaries. In Sydney Band was helping. As a visiting we met Miss Florence Young of friend read to him the story the the Solomon Islands Mission and blind paralytic was filled with a heard of several fine Christian boys longing to do something for the who are being cared for by big countless number of friendless brothers of the Band. In Kobe, blind folk the world over. He spoke Japan, we saw dear old Mrs. Jo to ten friends who joined the who carries on her work for des- Birthday Mission Band, they in pairing women; and in Shanghai turn became leaders of other bands, we visited the Door of Hope, that and eight years later this bedrid- haven for ill-treated child wives den Christian formed his birthday and street girls. All these count the Mission Band into a Mission to the Birthday Bands among their help- Blind, ministering in Bible lands ful friends.

and Far East. When God called Considering the distant out· this brave sufferer to higher serv- reaches of the Band, there is a reice four years ago, the mission in markable family feeling, a touch its seven years had raised over $21,000 and was supporting eight between the needy children and the blind evangelists, five blind Bible parent organization so close that women, and eighty sightless chil- the children themselves show in- terest in each other. Last year the dren, besides publishing Braille blind girls in China felt concern literature in many lands. for the leper children in India and Probably one secret of the suc- undertook to weave a bale of cloth cess of the Birthday Mission Band for them.

lies in its large number of organ- Mr. Byers, founder of the misized prayful volunteer workers. sion to the blind, has been called There is an immense amount of home and ill health has caused Mrs. work entailed in keeping track of Garrett, the mother of the Birthsix thousand birthdays and sup- day Mission Band, to withdraw plying tid-bits of missionary infor- from active service, but friends mation to keep alive a desire to will not permit the rare and lovely cooperate further. work to droop and fade for lack of watering with prayers and gen- On our recent missionary tour we visited several places where the erous gifts. * Band has a loving interest in the work. The Ramabai Mission, near • Jj"or fu['thcl' information write to lIr. W .

Poona, India, includes one or two .J. Tunlpy. 26 Brisbane Arcade, Brisbane, QueellslllllQ.

FORWARD MOVEMENT IN

BY THE REV. DONALD FRASER, D.D., Edinburgh, Scotland T HE leaders of the newly show a Christ-like character, and united Church of Scotland attract to Him the million souls in believe that this Church has our own land who are without the now an unrivalled opportunity for Church. influencing the life of Scotland and of the whole world. Since the "The world overseas needs that Union wherever the Church is at we do so. In these days of rapid work there is a spirit of expect- change, when the forces of science, ancy that a forward movement, commerce and nationality are so with a great spiritual dynamic, profoundly influencing the world, will be undertaken by all depart- we who have most to give to shape ments at home and abroad. and guide the nations must see to it that these forces are permeated Such a forward movement has by the spirit of Jesus Christ.

been started and the preliminary "We thank God for all the ac- announcement says: tive efforts of the Church today to "We have the instruments ready overtake its task, yet we must for such a movement. We have a recognize that we have not yet Gospel of the crucified and living proved our adequacy for the enor- Lord, which centuries have proved mous undertakings to which we to be the greatest regenerative are committed. The proposed Formessage of the world. We have ward Movement is a plan by which organizations formed to meet the we may draw more fully upon our needs of the age and to carry this immense resources, by making ourmessage to all classes and races of selves more aware of the task to men. We have our own personali- which we are summoned, and the ties which, if dedicated to the power available to accomplish it.

Kingdom of God, can provide the "The method we would use is to service of men, money and prayer, issue a carefully considered Call to which will make these organiza- the whole Church. This we are tions freely active. preparing through commissions which are reviewing our respon- "What more is required? Only sibilities, and commitments and that the Church should now claim what response these demand of us. and draw upon the unlimited re- The result of their study will be sources of power which are in her embodied in a volume which will membership, and in God the Holy take the form of 'A Call to the Spirit. Service of the Kingdom.' The Call will be conveyed to the Church by "Scotland needs that we do so. a Congress to be held in Glasgow, Our religious habits and faith are October 26 to 30, 1931, at which apt to be merely a heritage from 2,000 to 3,000 delegates from all the past. They must become our the Presbyteries in Scotland will own through deep religious con- be present. Thereafter it has victions, till Christ the Lord of all been suggested that provincial con- Life, so triumphs in our personal gresses of shorter duration should and social life and controls all our relationships, that the Church shall 363

be held. These will be followed by bring definitely before the various a series of Missions of the King- meetings of their Church the purdom from town to town, and Pres- pose and value of the Forward bytery to Presbytery, when there Movement. will be presented to the Church and the whole community the call "Our hope lies in the spirit of to personal and congregational prayer which may be roused and dedication to Christ and the serv- maintained throughout the Church. ice of His Kingdom. In addition We would have the preparation of to, and in preparation for these the Call so directed by the prayers more local efforts, directed and of the Church that when it appears, prayerful study of the Call in the and is conveyed to the Congress at congregations will be essential, in Glasgow, it shall be as the voice of order to reap the maximum of ben- God to His Church. efit and stimulus. "We ask that in the pUlpit serv- "Meanwhile it is necessary that ices, and in all meetings of the a spirit of expectation and of congregation prayers may go unprayer he created and nurtured. ceasingly to God. We suggest that Already many forms of a forward prayer groups should be formed of movement are visible. In some those who shall study the. pamcases it appears in a house to house phlets and pray for the Holy Spirvisitation, which has now become more possible under a plan of ter- it, and that in the family and in ritorial responsibility: in others private devotions the Call and the in united evangelistic services, and Congress he remembered. in meetings for the quickening of spiritual life. "If all bear their part in creat- ing and stimulating this atmos- "A series of papers dealing with phere of prayer and expectation, the Church's task, its message, and we shall see such a Forward Movethe Divine Power necessary, will ment as will change Scotland, and be circulated first to ministers, and influence the whole world." afterwards to the public. Their object is to enable ministers to Are there not valuable sugges- tions here for a world-wide spir- itual revival in every Church and in every land?

THE CHURCH IN A CHANGED WORLD The Church today finds itself in a vastly different world from the one of a few years ago. Modern discoveries, new inventions, the scientific spirit, and the enlarged knowledge of the world in all its aspects have had their effect not only on the world in general but especially on religion and the work of the Church. New problems and new difficulties stand in her path. The whole world has been changed. Mission lands have also felt this impact and, although backward and static for centuries, are now changing rapidly, giving the Church the opportunity of laying Christian principles in the foundations of the new nations that seem destined to exert a mighty influence on the whole family of nations….. .

The world has changed, but the outstanding human needs remain as of yore. The world is poor, and sick, and ignorant, and sinful. Man needs a God who is Christ-like and who makes Christ·like men. The Church knows that God. She has that kind of men. The Church is the human agent by which men may come to iknow Jesus Christ, and may be led into that transformed Life.

-C. H. STAUFFACHER in The Evo.,ngelico.,/ Messenger.

Much Is a Missionary to less than one half its normal

VVorth? Chinese workers are paid in this de- preciated currency and suffer hard- Who can rightly estimate the worth ship from the present higher prices.

of a man-as a unit in society, as a Most missionaries are paid in foreign laborer, as a leader of men, as a fa- currency (gold) and receive the bene- ther, as a prophet of God? In some fit of present exchange rates. (One parts of the world a man's life is gold dollar now buys $4.50 in Chinese worth less than that of a beast-even donars in place of $2.00 at the normal before the law. On the other hand, rate.) If missionaries are paid a fixed some officers of the Bethlehem Steel rate in Chinese dollars they suffer Corporation have received over one when paying foreign obligations in million dollars a year each as a bonus gold.

in addition to salaries. The ground The general cost of living in most on which these huge payments were mission lands has advanced from 25 made was the value of these men from to 100 per cent. Since more responsi- a business point of view. The worth bilities are being placed in the hands of some men and women cannot be of the Nationals in these mission estimated in dollars and "they are fields, they are being taken into the not for sale." councils of the missions and have a Questions have been raised in for- voice in the allocation of mission eign fields and even in home circles funds. Some of them complain of a in regard to salaries paid to mission- lack of Christian justice in the dis- aries and secretaries of some mission tribution of the funds available. They boards. Some clergymen in small par- claim that since all Christians of ishes, with salaries of $500 to $1,500 whatever race are brothers, they a year on which to care for large fam- should share either poverty or wealth mes, look critically on the salaries of with fellow servants of Christ. The from $10,000 to $15,000 a year paid trouble is accentuated in fields where to pastors of wealthy city churches, students have been sent to America even where they have no large family for study, have become accustomed to to support. Self-sacrificing givers to American standards of living and on mission funds sometimes question the return to their home lands have been payment of comparatively large sal- asked to accept service in a mission aries to secretaries and treasurers of with the salary of a native worker. boards supported by these gifts. One They are not ready to return to the mission board at home will pay two standard of living they accepted be- to three times the salary paid to a fore going abroad. This issue has similar officer in another board. become accute in the Peking Union From China and other mission fields Medical College-which is not truly similar questions are raised as to sal- a mission institution and where the aries. Chinese Christian workers, policy is to replace foreign doctors with large families and small incomes and teachers with Chinese. The col- ask why missionaries should receive lege has felt it necessary to offer salaries four to five times as large. high salaries in competition with uni- The problem is aggravated by the fact versities abroad. Naturally the dis- that Chinese currency has depreciated parity between such salaries and those 365

paid to both Chinese and foreigners these plans seem to be impractical for by mission hospitals is very great. If general adoption. If God calls a Chris- Chinese mission doctors, trained in tian, like D. L. Moody or George MUl- Peking or abroad, are paid large sal- ler, to live and work without a definite aries what shall be done about the and regular salary or promised insalaries of equally well trained pro- come then He will provide for his fessors in mission colleges and pas- needs. tors of mission churches? Many Chine.se are adopting the western slo- Noone can estimate what a Godgan "Equal pay for equal work"-at called mission secretary, missionary least in proportion to living expenses. or other Christian worker is worth. Value is not measured in dollars, or Obviously the raising of the sal- we might estimate what a man should aries of nationals in various fields to be willing to take in exchange for his equal or practically equal the mis.sion- soul. Some of the practical Christian aries' salaries from foreign funds principles are however involved in dewould be impossible from the funds termining the salary basis for Chrisavailable, and foreigners' salaries tian service. could not be reduced to the standard of native workers without endanger- 1. The income for living expenses, ing health and life itself. from whatever source or sources, should be based on actual needs-for Most missionaries have no inde- health, progress, effective service and pendent resources. Experience has family responsibilities. On this basis taught that they require enough in- salaries should be adjusted to circumcome to enable them to live so that stances; those with independent inhealth may be preserved in a foreign comes would accept proportionately environment; so that they may have less-a,s some do. occasional furloughs at home and periods of recuperation; so that their 2. No missionary worker-at home children may be properly educated and or abroad-living on mission funds is so that they may be relieved of many justified in luxurious spending-or responsibilities that interfere with living on a scale that hinders testitheir mission work. A foreigner can- mony or shows a lack of Christ-like not, as a rule, live as cheaply as a na- self-sacri5.ce in the interest of His tional and maintain efficiency. Kingdom. There is a great divergence in the scale of living among mission- Foreign and Native Workers aries, even in the same field, but we are convinced that most missionaries We return to the question-How live sacrificially. As at home, so much is a man worth? How much is abroad, some Christians do not know a missionary worth? How large a the meaning of the word sacrifice, essalary should be paid for Christian pecially in physical comforts. service? What should be the ratio of salaries paid to foreign and native 3. Christian testimony and efficient workers; and to whom should native spiritual service are of first impor- Christian workers look for their liv- tance. These come before the probing expenses? lems of saving expen.se in travel, in servants, in equipment or in rest pe- It might be ideal if every Christian riods. But spiritual efficiency and could follow the Apostle Paul's exam- fruitage in service are fortunately or ple and be self-supporting while carry- unfortunately not in proportion to the ing on their mission or if they could, money spent on salaries or equipment. like Christ Himself, live on the hos- These depend on the spiritual life and pitality and free will offerings of those power. who sympathize with His mi.ssion. Some Christian workers are able to 4. To bring the churches on the do this but in this complex age both of mission fields to independence or to dependence on God their eyes must

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

be turned away from America as their Much progress has been made almoner. The sooner these national through the first Round Table Con- workers can receive their support ference and the agreement between from their own people the better it Mr. Gandhi and Lord Irwin. Now the will be. This will not hinder their All-India National Congress has met securing help according to their need at Karachi and Mahatma Gandhi has from fellow Christians in any land. shown his strength by winning the In the days of famine or other troubles delegates over to acceptance of his it is a privilege for Christians to bear constitutional program. He calls not one anothers burdens. It is important, only for Indian political independence however, not to encourage a standard but for the control of the Indian army, of living above what is possible or the national finances, the management desirable for the majority in a given of foreign affair.s and demands com- locality and not to pauperize Chris- mercial and social equality with the tian workers by making them depend- British. He still stands for nonvio- ent on foreign contributions. It is lence and passive resistance. By vote not healthy for a man to feel inde- of the Congres.s, Mr. Gandhi demands pendent of God. a constitution containing the follow- In the early days of missionary ef- ing twenty-four articles: fort, the heroic Christlike self-denial 1. Freedom of association and combiand self-sacrifice of missionaries like Paton, Gih~our, Judson and Hudson nation. Taylor, had a great effect on the 2. Freedom of speech and press. 3. Freedom of conscience and free pro- Church at home and on the natives to whom they witnessed. The same prin- fession and practice of religion. ciple holds good today-for it follows 4. No disability to attach to any perthe example set by Christ Himself. son by reason of religion, caste or creed regarding public employment in office of power or in any trade or calling.

5. Equal rights and obligations of all citizens, with no civic bar on account of India's Demand for Freedom sex.

6. Equal rights of all citizens in use Liberty and independence are quite of public roads, public wells and public distinct. A boy may, like the Prodi- resorts. gal Son, demand and secure independ- 7. The right to keep and bear arms ence only to become a slave. The Philippines might gain independence in accordance with such regulations as of America only to enter a period of may be required for public safety. economic slavery, civil strife or to become the prey of pirates and bandits. 8. Religious neutrality on the part of The most complete liberty is often en- the state. joyed in conjunction with economic and political dependence. As a mat- 9. A living wage for industrial workter of fact, none of us are in reality ers, limited hours of labor, healthy conindependent. Human relations are ditions for work, and protection against too closely intertwined and all are de- economic consequences of old age, sickpendent on God and His laws. ness and unemployment.

In India many radicals desire com- 10. Labor to be freed from conditions plete political independence, even of serfdom. though this may involve "financial and economic ruin and social slavery for 11. Protection of women workers, with multitudes. True Indian statesmen adequate provisions for leave during madesire only such freedom from im- ternity periods. posed control as will give liberty and promote national and racial progress. 12. Prohibition against employment of This liberty Great Britain is ready children of school age in factories.

to grant. 13. Right of labor to form unions. 14. Substantial reduction of land rev- enue and rents. 15. Adult suffrage.

16. Free primary education.

17. Military expenditures cut in half. 18. Civil department expenditures and salaries to be substantially reduced, with no state servant to be paid over the In- dian equivalent of $200 monthly. 19. Protection of native cloth by ex- clusion of foreia-n cloth and foreign yarn.

20. Total prohibition of intoxicating Hindus; a way to uplift the masses drinks and drugs. of India's outcastes; the release of 21. No duty on salt. women from the purdah; laws to pro- 22. Regulation of the exchange ratio tect children; the abolition of obso as to help Indian industries. scenities from religious temples and 23. Control by the state of key indus- rites; greater protection against epitries and mineral resources. demic·s due to temple tanks and lack 24. Control of usury, direct or indirect. of sanitation; and full religious lib- The congress adopted additional res- erty, so far as it is in harmony with olutions deploring the recent communal justice, and morality and does not inriots in Cawnpore and other cities, urg- terfere with the welfare of individuals ing that the northwest frontier province or subvert the authority of the' State. have the same form of government as other provinces; condemning the "for- Encouragement in Cbina ward" policy of the British in the northwest territory; advocating intensifica- In spite of many difficulties the Chition of the picketing of stores sellin~ nese National Government is makforeign goods; appealing to the govern- ing progress. One of the most ments of South Africa and East Africa encouraging signs is the recent acto give Indian settlers in those countries knowledgment of the failures and the same measure of justice they wouI!1 sins of prominent government leaders. claim for their own nationals in -a "Free They are ready to "lose face" to save India," and urging the right of Burma the country. A cable message to the to claim separation from India or to re- New York Times reports: "The fourth main an autonomous partner without plenary session of the Central Execuinterference from the British Govern- tive Committee of the Kuomintang ment. . party reported astonishing public con- fessions of nepotism, corruption, tyr- The justice and advantage of most anny and other abuses, together with of these demands is readily admitted admonitions and orders that there so that they should enli.st the support must be a basic reform in the conduct of every lover of India. Some of the of the government and of the party articles do away with ca~te restric- organization. From General Chiang tions (articles 4, 5, 6 and 10). Others, Kai-shek down, the Nanking leaders if observed, will radically change the made speeches and issued manifestoes religious .situation, will stop persecu- denouncing the failure of the Kuomintion and give protection to these who tang, as an organization, to carry out wish to be baptized as Christians (ar- the principles upon which it was ticles 3, 4, and 8). There are provi- founded. Dire threats of punishment sions against intoxicants and drugs were made against those who in the and to provide for free primary edu- future betray public trusts. cation. Nothing is included, however, to prohibit child marriage and polyg- "General Chiang Kai-shek, at a meamy, or to promote social purity. It morial service for Dr. Sun Yat-sen, is thought that Great Britain will es- made the following admissions: pecially object to the reduction of the army, the curtailment of official sal- " 'The Manchus were overthrown bearies, and the giving to the State full cause they constituted a special caste. control of key industries. But it is a But now we who staged the revolution much easier matter to put provisions for the overthrow of the Manchus into the Constitution than to put them have ourselves come to be regarded into practice. People must be edu- by the people as a privileged caste. cated to enjoy liberty or it becomes They are now cherishing toward us unwholesome license. True personal the same hatred and repugnance with freedom does not interfere with the which they looked upon the Manchus. rights of others. " 'It is all of us party members who There is world-wide interest in In- are responsible for the virulence of dia's struggle for self-government but no lasting peace or true prosperity can come until a remedy is found for_ the antagonism between Moslems and

the Communist menace in this coun- Kai-shek, as acting Minister of Edu- try. The fact that the Communists are cation, is now approaching Chinese rife bears witness to the weakness of Christian leaders to discover their the Kuomintang. That the Kuomin- view of what religious liberty would tang members should have failed to involve in Education.

prevent the people from supporting communism in certain places consti- Home Mission Convictions tutes perhaps the most serious dis- I have just returned from a month's work in the western states deeply imgrace of the party.' . pressed with the importance and value of national missions. This experience "The manner in which the Nanking has deepened in me the following conleaders are facing their tremendous victions: First, the value and imperaproblems is arousing in China a con- tive necessity of national missions; siderable measure of admiration and second, the invaluable service national approval. Even Chinese and foreign missions is rendering today· to the naobservers who have been unsparing tion; third, the increasing demand for in their criticisms of the Nanking wise and efficient Christian leadership; Government now admit that there is fourth, the absolute necessity of evidence of a new sincedty of pur- hearty cooperation on the part of the pose among the leaders. churches and other allied organiza- tions, presbyteries and presbyterials, "The Kuomintang's unpopularity synods and synodicals, headqua :ters with the masses has arisen from facts staff and field staff. There is no subnow frankly admitted by the Nanking stitute for cooperation in promoting leaders-namely, that local city and national missions. provincial Kuomintang organizations have 'insolently usurped power' and The "ambassadors of Christ" are the interfe:ed with civil and even military pioneers of our national progress, the administration. creator-s of our national ideals, the builders of our national institutions, "The Central Executive Committee the inspiration of our national spirit, now proposes a rigid control over the and the incarnation of our national activities of the Kuomintang and faith. They, more than any other men warns the local party organization to in the nation, are converting the spirit confine their efforts and activities to of suspicion into the spirit of faith, educating the people and not to med- the spirit of greed into the spirit of dling with politics or government in the future.

"Reform proposals formally adopted at Nanking as a result of the Plenary giving, the spirit of hatred into the Session may be summarized as fol- spirit of love, the spirit of selfishness lows: into the spirit of sacrifice, the spirit "All branch Kuomintang offices are of America into the spirit of Christ.

to be explicitly instructed against any Wherever the representatives 'of the encroachment upon the rights of the Church go, the home is proteEted, the people. Administrative and judicial school is established, the church is authorities are enjoined against mak- promoted, the hospital is supported, ing arrests or appropriating property the community house is encouraged, except by due process of law. Officials the court is fostered, and the state is and Kuomintang membe.'s violating defended. Let us, then, go at the task these instructions will be punished not with a renewed determination to work only under the Criminal Code but a1so together, work to win, and to make by heavier punishments, especially whatever sacrL'ice is necessary to win prescribed." America for Christ.

It is stated that General Chiang JOHN McDOWELL. 4

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~ PROTE CT YOUR F'OOD ~'ROM ~' LIES KILL INS~JC'l'S THAT SPREAD DIShJAShJ j8iJkmJ ~m ~~2.I~WDH …,.-, •I II NEVER WASH VEGETABLES IN A RATHE YOUR CHILD AT REGULAR TIMES DIWl'Y BROOK GOOD HEALTH POSTICRS FRO",,! KOREA Mrs. F. 1. Johnson, who has .been visit- These Health Posters are now also used ing the mission fields in Asia, has sent a in China and Japan. They illustrate how number of posters which the Korean disea se is carried by the fly and mosquito school children made under the direction and how this may be prevented. They of the Child Welfare Department of the illustrate lessons in the care of children Evangelistic Social Center of Seoul. and in personal hygiene.

370 EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK Usable methods for missionary which sets off the heavy rice diets of workers in Child Welfare and Child- these countries. It is also quite rich Health Centers all over the world, in in fat and mineral matter, and last, America as well as elsewhere. The but not least, it is much cheaper. A bean milk recipe referred to later wa,s bottle of cow's milk costs ten sen given in the June, 1930, issue of this whereas a bottle of Soy Bean Milk Department and the fact mentioned oosts two sen. that it was secured in China. Later, Miss Rosenberger of the Social Evan- It has been used very largely in gelistic Center in Seoul, Korea, our work at the Social Evangelistic adopted it. ,From Persia and other Center, Seoul, Korea, as a supplemenfields letters are coming asking for tary feeding, and also as an entire spedfic information concerning its food. For the latter it must be modiuse. To know that little starving fied, and this modification will be given "tummies" are being filled and little with the recipe at the end of this feedbodies are being relieved of suffering ing method. We have even fed one because of this simple method of world case of marasmus on the Soy Bean communication, gives joy to this De- Milk. partment. The picture of before and after us- THE SOY BEAN MILK AS A FOOD ing it will illustrate the success. This baby was brought from an extremely By E. T. ROSENBERGER, R.N. poor home where there were five chil- dren-the father totally blind, the Child Welfare Dept., Social Evangelistic mother half blind. It was a case of Center, Seoul, Korea giving the baby the Bean Milk or let- Having received letters from dif- ting it starve, so we immediately comferent countries regarding Soy Bean menced feeding it and watching it Milk I am giving in these columns a very closely. It gained a pound the full explanation of the p·eparation, first month and the second month likeuses and benefits of it. wise. Then for a time during the winter there was a standstill, but the In the first place it is a fact that pictures will show the results of this the diets of Oriental countries are not attempt after one year's Bean Milk suited to the proper nutrition of young children because of the lack of milk feeding. in them. Milk has been found to be The Soy Bean as an important food the foundation of all foods f.or growing children in all countries. How- dates back to remote history. It is ever, cow's milk is not available in all said that it appears in the Chinese of these countries, and it behooves us Materia Medica of Shen Nung in the to find a substitute. This substitute year 2838 B. C. China to this day has been found in the Soy Bean Milk uses very little dairy or meat products, which has been perfected by Dr. Er- but they have lived for centuries on nest Tso of the Peking Union Medical a diet remarkably well balanced by College. It takes its place so highly the use of the Soy Bean. It is said because it is so very rich in protein that Buddhist monks consecrated at birth to the priesthood are carried 371

through the entire period of childhood add 20 grams of starch either from on the diet of the Soy Bean curd. rice or corn. This is cooked in the same way as you would prepare corn- We feel that it is one food which starch pudding. Also add 60 grams we should encourage to be used for of sugar and 1% grams of calcium small children in Korea where the lactate and one gram of table salt to mortality rate is high and the chil- this mixture. The calcium lactate is dren have such an inadequate diet. It BEFORE FEEDING SAME BABY A FEW MO~THS LATER TIlE EFFECT OF FEEDING A KOUV,AN BABY f;OY BEA:, )fILK is one food that we can safely advo- best added while the milk is cold or cate, make and use because the price else after the mixture is boiled or it is not prohibitive. might curdle. It should be first mixed with a little cold milk and then added. Soy Bean Milk About the same quantity of this 1. One part beans well washed mixture as cow's milk is use::! to feed the babies-according to their caloric 2. Eight parts of pure tap water requirements. No child should have more than 1000 or 1100 c. c. a day of 3. Soak over night this milk. In a little baby it may pro- duce frequent stools, which should be 4. Grind through native mill well watched under a doctor's care. Cod liver oil should be part of the 5. Boil whole quantity five minutes. feeding from the beginning of the use of Soy Bean Milk-at first 6 to 8 6. Put through sieve-the result is c. c. per day and gradually increased milk . to 15-20 a day.

Beans should be half milled and skins removed, if possible.

Additional rwte: To each liter of Soy Bean Milk (1000 c. c. or 32 oz.)

METHODS FOR WORKERS

(We have rece.ived at least seventy- first few times she had grown calfive requests to publish the following loused. That, and the stupor that effe.ctive China pwylet.) came from exhaustion and starvation, dulled the quiver and the hurt of be- "NOBODY WANTS" CHANGES HER ing "Nobody Wants."

NAME PART 2 By MARY BREWSTER HOLLISTER She shivered, drew her ragged gun- ny sacking coat around her and re- PART 1 marked to brother, "The winds of the Southland must have come from our A family of Chinese famine refu- own North Country." gees from the far, frozen, starving North Country struggled around the "And who but you would be bringcorner into Stone Arches Street that ing them, the one Nobody Wants, inled past the Loving Heart School. deed!" he answered scornfully. Their torn padded garments were patched with gunny sacking, their feet But some one was passing by just bled through the straw sandals tied then and the little girl knew it beon with rags. The father and mother, hooved her to bring some coppers into gaunt and worn, each carried a staff the family exchequer or she would and a begging bowl which they held have to be moving along again. out to passers-by on the cobbled street. With a grace the rest of the children "Nobody Wants" was a bit thinner somehow could not achieve, she began and more ragged than the rest of them her little begging dance, running bebecause she didn't belong to them at side the passer-by with sliding side all. She had been following them for steps, one, two, three, and a kneeling a few days as she had followed one curtsy, with her hands held together after another' group of just such wan- in petition, repeating this dance movederers as these, in the long wearisome ment to the accompaniment of her trek from the North Country where little pleading chant: famine had stalked them, and the bitter winter had hounded them to the Some coppers, please, Southland where winter was not so Rich scholar of ease! unkind, and where the rice fields did Your blessings will grow, not fail to feed the fortunate South- Your merit increase, ern Chinese folk. Thus happiness sow, Some coppers, please. Her own father and mother and laughing baby brother the cruel fam- Brother pounced upon the coppers ine had taken those months ago that that the passing gentleman threw her, seemed so many years. When father but "Nobody Wants" scarcely noticed at last had not answered her call, she it. For suddenly, she heard from fled in terror from the tiny house that within the big black door opposite her had once been so happy, but was now the sounds of children's laughter. so still and cold and haunted. Stum- She stopped while the rest of them bling along a frozen road she had wandered on down the street. Quietly joined her first band of refugees she crept to the gate, and cautiously southward. pushed it open a crack so that she could see inside. Of course they had not wanted her. You could not blame them. They al- Children, within a grassy yard, such ready had too many mouths to feed, happy children! and all of them were hungry. So before long she had joined another "Ai! They are playing 'Cat catch group of wanderers, carrying with the mouse.''' she explained, old memher from one band to another, the ories stirring. only name she had heard these many months, "Nobody Wants." After the They were laughing like she and baby brother used to laugh. She dropped down on the stone step to watch them better.

A child put her head outside the her and sat down beside her on the gate, and cried in surprise, "Why, step. look who's here 1" "But where are your big people?" "Nobody Wants" instinctively asked another child. dragged her tired little body from those comfortble steps and began her "Nobody Wants" shook her head little dance and song. and her eyes filled with tears. "The great hunger took them. And so all Some coppers, please, the other 'big people' I follow call me Rich lady of ease- 'Nobody Wants.'''

"I'm not a rich lady," laughed the "Ai, ai," all the children crooned in girl gaily, "but, oh, how pretty you the sympathetic Chinese way, and do it! Love Pearl, Bright Flower, gathered close around her. "We're so Virtue Gold, and all the rest," she Borry." raised her voice delightedly, "come, come quickly!" "It must be that she is hungry, since she has no 'big people:" Love "Nobody Wants" kept on with her Pearl cried, "How could we not think fetching wee dance and tuneless little of it?" song, as the other children gathered and opened wide the gate to watch "She can have a bowl of my rice," her! said one.

"Ai, ai!" they clapped their hands. "And one of my bowls," echoed an- "How pretty!" other.

"It's prettier even than any our "Mine too," cried another and an- Kindergarten Sister-Teacher teaches other. the tiny ones," said one. "If she has no 'big people' she has "Teach us how," Love Pearl cried, no place to go," Bright Flower said. all enthusiasm. "Oh, stay with us," several of them "Yes, yes, do, please, little sister," chorused. "Our school is such a happy they all echoed and gathered around place." "Nobody Wants" patting her and welcoming her. "See," they pointed to the words over the gate. "Its name is the School Their affectionate welcome had of the Loving Heart. It is a Jesus made her f.orget to be shy. She began school you know," as if that explained to do her steps very slowly so that it all. they might see how she did it, chanting her little song the while. They "She can share my bed and my all tried to imitate her, with more or downy comfort," said one very pracless Buccess, laughing over their awk- tically. ward attempts, until finally they did it quite well and in unison with their "No, no, I want her to sleep with little chant. me," said Love Pearl.

Very suddenly "Nobody Wants" sat "No, not every night. She must down and the children noticed that take turns," cried another girl. she was faint. They gathered about her solicitously. "You come from the "See, little sister," Virtue Gold North Country, don't you?" they aBked turned her face about withgenUe her as she rested. "We know from hands. You aren't "Nobody Wants" your speech." any more. You are "Everybody Wants." '''Nobody Wants," nodded her head. "Yes, everybody wants 'Everybody "What's your name?" asked one of Wants,''' the rest of the children them. danced about her, saying the words delightedly. "Nobody Wants," said the little refugee. "But your 'big people' may not want me," the old te "ror coming back Virtue Gold put her arm around to the little refugee.

"Oh, but you do not know how lov- ing they are, the other country teach-

er, and our Big Sister Teacher!" Love Persons required, 2 tall 'teen age boys, 3 'teen age girls, 1 junior boy Pearl assured her. (Dr 2) at least 6 junior girls. "They will love you and teach and Famine Re/ugee.s-Father, mother, care for you just as they do for us,"

said Bright Flower. "You see they at least two children, a boy and small have the Jesus-love in their hearts." girl with a large doll strapped to "Yes, and didn't they tell us about mother's back. "Nobody Wants," a the famine? We've been saving our girl of about 10. This group dress in coppers to send to the North Country, ragged gunny sacking, much patched for oh, such a long time!" coats, worn over overalls tied about "And now the N·orth Country and at ankles with rags.

the famine come to us," the rest of Passer-by in the long coat of a Chi- them finished for Virtue Gold. "Please nese scholar, a young Chinese student, stay with us, Everybody Wants." in khaki or regular Western suit.

"Yes, everybody wants you." They SchooL chiLd7'en in light colored made a little song of it. coats, worn over trousers. Here over- alls will serve but left free at the Then they all noticed suddenly the ankle. Young American and the young Chinese women teachers standing arm in American missionU7CY teacher in orarm in the doorway where they had dinary clothes. been listening to the conversation and nodding to 'each other, smilingly as Chinese teacher in a dark skirt, and light colored Chinese jacket.

they listened. . Setting-A double door between Love Pearl jumped to her feet, and two rooms could be used to represent giving a signal to the other children, the school gate that opens upon the they joined her in the little dance they street, with high compound walls on had just learned, singing as they each side. The doors should open in, danced. with at least one step constructed per- Everybody want her, haps from a long low box. If actual Dear teachers, please. doors are not possible in the center back of the stage, then screens may Your blessings will groW, be placed to represent compound wall, Your merit increase. with a double door made of hinged screens for the gate before which the Thus happiness sow, action takes place. Everybody wants her! A simpler form of the pantomime "Yes, indeed r Everybody wants could dispense with all of the refugees except brother and "Nobody Wants" her," the other country teacher and with Part 1 read as a prologue, the the Chinese sister teacher said to- action beginning with Part 2. gether. 3. As a play, with children taking They stooped down and helped the part in the dialog as well as the action. little refugee to her feet, and the Here, too, Part 1 might be read as a children gathered about her, affection- prologue with children taking the diately leading her inside the gate. As alog and action in Part 2. Or proit closed after them, they were sing- logue and reader may be dispensed ing, with entirely, and the children work out their own dramatization after they She changed her name, have mastered the story, which is the Everybody wants her approved pedogogic method. The very Everybody wants her! simple dance and tunele·ss little song This story may be presented in three ways, 1. As a story told simply, but dramatically. Time required 10 minutes.

2. As a pantomime, with the story which can be a pretty feature should told or read by a reader, while the be mastered but should not take long action is enacted as described. to learn.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York Council of Women for Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America BOOKS FOR THE EMERGING EAST in Gujerati, Marathi, Hindi, Tamil and Urdu. Each copy was eagerly By HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY passed around to reach a large group of happy children. Within the last The Christian Literature Society year a new expansion has taken place in its circulation. An Indian pub- The Christian Literature Committee lisher has been found who is willing of the Federation of Woman's Boards to take over the publishing and disof Foreign Missions came into being tribution of various editions if the in response to a great need about fif- Committee will simply pay for the teen years ago. The Foreign Mission cost of translation. We now have ar- Boards were faced by the need of rap- ranged for a Telugu and a Burmese idly growing Christian Literature edition and are in process of arrangcommunities 'throughout m iss ion ing for one in Bengali. lands for books, good books, adapted to different ages. We had taught boys Romance of Finance and girls to read but after they had learned the art they had nothing to Through a Memorial Gift of $500 read. As a result, not infrequently given by the delegates at Northfield they lapsed back into illiteracy. it was made possible to begin a maga- zine for children in Burmese; a When the demand for Christian widow gave enough to establish as a books adapted to the use of women Memorial to her husband and daughand children became vocal, the Wom- ter an edition in Gujerati; a misan's Foreign Mission Boards moved sionary society in memory of two dethrough their Federation to supply voted member·s, mother and daughter, the need. The first Chairman of the furnished the money for the first year newly organized Committee was Miss of the Telugu edition; a devoted Epis- Alice M. Kyle of Boston, a woman of copal woman, in memory of her mothvision and faith who continued to di- er, provided for a translation of the rect the affairs of the Committee un- Tamil edition in the country of Bishop til her death in 1930 and who. ·saw the Azariah; a local Federation provided funds for this work increase from for the furnishing of a Christmas proabout $400 to $10,000 annually. gram for all the Sunday Schools in China. Children's Periodicals A Christian Magazine for Africa The Committee decided to publish monthly magazines for children and the home. Happy Childhood, a chil- Soon after the Jerusalem Conferdyen's magazine was the first to be ence an International Committee was published in China. There followed organized to study the situation of a magazine in Japan-Shoshoki. Then Africa in regard to the supply of The Treasure Chest was established to Christian books. As a result the Exbe published in English for India. AI- ecutive Secretary, Miss Margaret most as .goon as it was published the Wrong, came over from England in demand arOse for its publication in the intere·st of the Committee. She the various languages of India. was able to persuade that great mis- Quickly it was expanded to be issued sionary and wonderful writer, Jean 376 Mackenzie, to undertake to edit what was expected at first to be a bi-lingual magazine, half of each page in Eng- lish and half in French, but it was later found that the French wanted the magazine in their own language in the French and Belgian colonies and in West Africa, so Miss Mackenzie will edit the magazine in English for circulation in British East Africa and other British African colonies. The financing of the French magazine and its publication will be arranged for in Paris. "HAPPY CHILDHOOD" COMES TO The Committee on Christian Litera- THE MISSION ture was asked by this International of devout women were abundantly Committee if it would stand behind worthy of our support. The Comtheir venture. The Committee decided mittee took action, and the needed to venture out in faith on this new support is to be sent on. enterprise, and pledged itself to give $1000 toward it during the first year. The case of the Antorcha Missionera in Mexico was likewise investigated.

A Providential Preparation It was found that by incredible cour- age and enterprise the Evangelical The hand of God was so clearly group had brought their magazine for seen in thus providing funds for the the Christian home almost to the point Committee to make this new venture of self support, and that a little help of faith. It has been not less clear in would put it on its feet. This money other forward steps. A year ago last was sent-and so the story goes. July there came a request from the Everywhere there are opening doors, Christian Literature Committee of everywhere clamant needs. Korea for help in establishing a magazine for children which should do for Book Translation the children of Korea what Happy In various fields the way has opened Childhood was doing for the children to p~ovide, often by special gifts, for of China. The resources of the Com- the translation and publication of mis- mittee did not justify our attempting sionary books. The Young Adven- this unless fresh sources of income turers was translated into Chinese as were found. This was explained at a Memorial to Mrs. Cronk, the author.

Northfield, and at once a lady gave The translation of A Straight Way $500, another $300, another $100 and Towa1'd Tomor1"Ow was financed by the the remainder of the $1000 needed to Central Committee for the United underwrite the magazine for three Study of Foreign Missions. A transla- years was raised. The magazine, en- tion into Chinese of From Jerusalem to titled The Child World, began publi- J enlsalem was made possible by the cation in July, 1930. personal gift of the young lady who In Buenos Aire·s. Argentina, a little for more than twenty years has man- group called the Women's Evangelical aged the office of the Central Commit- League was formed, which among tee. Another gift made possible a other things published a Christian Japanese translation. The Adventure magazine for the home. The earnest of Prayer has gone into Chinese and enthusiastic little paper, glowing with Burmese. One Girl's Influence by .Rob- spiritual power, needed a small sub- ert E. Speer, after going through num- sidy to widen its sphere of usefulness berless editions in English, has been about $300. After consultation with translated into Japanese, and has al- Dr. Inman we found that this group ready gone through nine editions.

Plans for Expansion THE OHUROH ON THE MARCH With all these opportunities for ex- Florida Chain of Missionary pansion facing the Committee it was Assemblies decided that more money must be had. A campaign was arranged that shaull By MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY plan for parlor meetings and lunch- "Ye shall be my witnesses." In ac- eons in as many centers as possible in cordance with this, a group of fourteen order to bring before the public needs witnesses, missionaries from the ends for Christian lite "ature. The National of the earth, and Christian leaders, Christian Literature Committees in started on a three-week campaign in the different mission lands were ap- Florida, beginning January 16th in pealed to for the names of books, na- West Palm Beach, proceeding to Mi- tive or translated, which were geatly ami, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Clearwa- needed by their countries. These lists ter, Orlando and DeLand, with various have already been received. They are one-day stops in important centers.

appealing, overwhelming. They range The entire expense was met by $1.00 all the way from books on the nursing registrations in each center and vol- and care of children through books untary offerings. There were approx- about the cooperative farm movement imately four thousand registered, and in Denmark, translations of The at least one hundred thousand were Greatest Thin.g in the World, The Life reached by approximately nine hun- of Booker T. Washington, The Story dred missionary addresses. In addi- of Invention, The Teaching of Primary tion, there were radio addresses in Arithmetic, An Introduction to the larger centers, and talks before col- Bible, Life of Christ for Children, leges and public schools, with thoupackets of colored Bible pictu "es, pro- sands of students.

grams for Easter and Chri-stmas, Pil- Among the speakers were: the Rev.

grim's Progress, village booklets and Robert H. Glover, M.D., F.R.C.S., head all sorts of brief tracts. The most am- of the China Inland Mission; Dr.

bitious request comes from Mexico for Royal J. Dye, of the Christian Board, The Prodigal Son in large cisar type from one thousand miles up the Con- for children, using the pictures of an go, at Bolenge; Rev. Harper Brady, Egyptian edition. They can print ten Presbyterian Board South, and of the thousand of these in a first edition Kingdom of God Movement with Kag- for $1000, also a book of stories from awa, of Japan; Mrs. Induk Kim, of the Bible with colored pictu'-es which Korea, and Miss Abellera, of the Phil- will cost $2000. ippine Islands, exemplified in their The prices of these various projects own personalities the power of Christ run all the way down from $2000 to in the Oriental woman; Rev. McCoy $500, $300 and $100, also to leaflets Franklin, of Crossnore School in the that can be printed for $10, $25, or mountains of North Carolina, also $50. brought bird songs which he whistled The Committee plans to have a list to the delight of the young and old; of these special gifts printed for use Helen Barrett Montgomery conducted at the luncheons, where sample copies the study on the women's textbook f()r of the various magazines, books and the coming year, "Christ Comes to the leaflets will be displayed. Village"; Dr. Walter Lingle, Presi- It is hoped that in addition to adopt- dent of Davidson College, North Car- ing these various personal project:;: olina, and Dr. Glover gave the morning many will sign the cards making them- Bible lessons.

selves annual, special, sustaining, or In addition to the hour for the chil- life members of the Committee fer dren in the assembly, Mrs. Henry W.

providing Christian Literature to Peabody conducted a forum in each Women and Children in Mission center, on "The United States Senate: Lands. Diagnosis and Remedy," showing the

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

reasons for lack of enforcement. An- ship listen, and begin in every state other interesting forum discussion was and city a new pragram,-not af lis- led by Miss Ann McIlvaine, of New tening, but of witnessing?

York, assisted by Dr. Rosalie Morton and the Rev. Mr. Joroszewicz, of Po- INSTITUTES AT CHAUTAUQUA land and Russia. The World Court Home Missions, August 16-21 received attention, and twenty thousand names were signed to petitions The Home Missions Institute at to be sent to various senators, urging Chautauqua is this year. coming af its adoption. The World Court and age. It shauld be the best so far. Law Enforcement are not only prab- The twenty-first session will be held lems at home, but, with the "shocking from Sunday, August 16th thraugh moving pictures exported from this Friday, August 21st. Arrangements country, make a problem for foreign for the pragram are rapidly nea '"ing mIssIOnaries. Resalutians endo'sing completion.

President Hoover for his layal and The opening address an Sunday firm stand on the Eighteenth Amend- afternoon will be made in the Amphi- ment and its enfarcement were sent theater by Rev. John M. Moore, D.D., from every center. a former General Secretary af the The public press gave first-page Federal Council of Churches and au- news and pictures. Local committees, thor of this year's major home mis- of outstanding representatives of sion textbaok. He will remain through wamen's organizations, made each the week to conduct the 3: 45 forum center a delightful experience. The hour in the Hall of Philosophy. Amonj!

morning prayer hour, with faculty and the well-known speakers who will ap- city committees, added to the power pear at this hour are Rev. Charles of these meetings. Farty-five states Stelzle and Dean Lucy Slowe of Ho- were represented, furnishing a crass- ward University.

sectian of America. Chambers of Com- Mrs. Dan B. Brummitt will again merce and Men's Clubs, with organiza- lead the home missian study hour in tions of women, welcomed the speakers Smith-Wilkes Hall at 8: 45, using Dr.

at their luncheons, and business men Moore's book, "The Challenge of have testi5.ed that this has been ·a Change." The class in juniar meth- great ble·ssing to Florida. The larg- ods, again in charge of Mrs. Ethel est auditoriums have been taxed with Holmes Munsey, will meet the second great audiences of men and women; period in the Hall of Missions.

the outdoor forum in St. Petersburg, The literature display, which last with three or fuur thousand on the year evoked expres·sions af warm ap- park benches, listened eagerly. At preciation, will be assembled by Miss the dramatizatiun in St. Petersburg Sarah E. Bitner.

.of the hearing before the Congres- The hour immediately following sional Judiciary, of the Woman's lunch proved last year to be quite sur- National Committee for Law Enforce- prisingly popular and well attended.

ment, the auditorium was filled to. ca-' It will be devoted this year to in- pacity, and as many turned away. formal discussion of some of the vital Business men declared that this dram- topics of the present day and to ad- atization should be given in every city dresses by missionaries. Special fea- and town for its educational value. tures of the week include daily chape1 When the church begins to witness, talks, denominational rallies, the re- as Christ commanded, instead of sit- ception at the Hotel AthemEum and ting in pews and listening critically other opportunities to meet with the to sermons, we shall see the great re- missionaries visiting on the grounds.

vival, which will be missionary. Other Circulars announcing the Institute states are asking for a chain af as- may be secured from the office of the semblies. Will not our church leader- Council of Women for Home Missions,

105 East 22d Street, New York City. There will be classes in methods and story telling, with exceptional oppor- These may be used in letters or f.or tunities for preparation for the work of the coming year. distribution in churches to stimulate FLORENCE G. TYLER. interest and invite attendance. The CONFERENCES AND SCHOOLS OF most effective publicity, however, con- MISSIONS sists in the personal commendation Afflliated with Federlltion of Woman'. Boards of .Foreign Missions and Council of Women and invitation of those who have at- for Home Missions.

tended the institute in other years All without symbol are afflliated with both Federation and Council. and who realize the exceptional op- 'Baltimore, Maryland-October 13-15. portunity it affords for the training Mrs. Arthur C. Day, 542 Radnor Ave., Govans, Baltimore, Maryland. of leaders in the local church. It can- Bethesda, Ohio-July 13-17. not be too emphatically stated that Miss Mary 1. Scott, 310 Tomlinson Ave., Moundsville, West Virginia. churches within a reasonable traveling 1 Beaumont, Texas-August 12-20. distance should carry in their budgets Mrs. W. A. Nichols, 2240 McFaddin, Beaumont, Texas. an item providing for one or more Boulder, Colorado-June 16-24. member·s this week of leadership train- Mrs. J. Roy Smith, 1045 South Uni- versity Blvd., Denver, Colorado. ing. Class work is relieved by ample • Chautauqua, New York (Home)-Aurecreational facilities for swimming, gust 16-21.

boating, fishing, tennis, golf and auto- Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, 234 Washington Ave., Brooklyn, New York. ing. The best artists in the country 1 Chautauqua, New York (Foreign)- appear at the amphitheater concerts August 23-28.

in the evening. Honorary Chairman, Mrs. W. A. Montgomery, 144 Dartmouth St., Above all, the atmosphere of Chau- Rochester, New York. Acting Chairman, Mrs. F. I. Johnson, tauqua is av.owedly Christian. The 150 Fifth Ave., New York, N; Y.

fellowship is inspiring, and from a Dallas, Texas- Mrs. George A. Brewer, 4301 Edbrief stay may result lasting friend- mondson, Dallas, Texas.

ships. MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD. 'Dallas, Texas (Negro)-September 28- October 2. Foreign Missions, August 23-28 Mrs. C. R. Boswell, 1719 Allen St., In planning for the Foreign Mis- Dallas, Texas. sions Institute at Chautaqua this coming summer several outstanding speak- De Land, Florida-February 3-6, 1932. ers have already been secured. Dr. Mrs. William J. Harkness, 415 East Oscar Buck of Drew Seminary, Madi- New York Ave., De Land, Florida. son, New Jersey, who is at present taking part in one of the mission sur- Houston, Texas-October 12-16. veys in India will deliver a series of Mrs. W. E. Ferguson, 1519 Hawlectures on India, giving special em- thorne, Houston, Texas. phasis to rural reconstruction and the work of the Rural Reconstruction 1 Kerrville, Texas- Units. Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgom- Mrs. W. A. Nichols, 2240 McFaddin ery, Honorary Chairman of the Insti- Ave., Beaumont, Texas. tute, will lecture on the- woman's textbook, Christ Comes to the Village, Lake Geneva, Wisconsin–June 29-July by Mary Schauffler Platt, and Mrs. F. 6. I. Johnson, who is at the present time touring the mission stations of the Mrs. J. A. Leas, 3731 Clifton Ave., Orient, will be the presiding officer, Chicago, Ill. and will bring to the institute a varied program with dramatic presentations, and a number of speeches by nationals of different Oriental countries. Missionary women will find it a great advantage to spend the week of August 23d at Chautauqua.

Minnesota (Minneapolis, St. Paul)- Seabeck, Washington-July 20-31. June 1-5. Rev. Fred Grey, Sixth and University Streets, Seattle, Washington, or Miss Mrs. W. C. A. Wallar, 304Q Dupont Faye A. Steinmetz, 310 Y. M. C. A. Ave., S., Minneapolis, Minn. Building, Portland, Oregon.

Mountain Lake Park, Maryland–Au- Silver Bay, New York–June 26-July 6. gust 1-6. Rev. Walter Getty, 150 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. Mrs. B. H. Sincell, 103 2d St., Oak- land, Maryland.

Mount He1'mon, Cali/ornia–July 4-11. All include home and foreign missions except Mrs. W. E. Crouser, 1128 Lincoln Northfield, Chautauqua and the Florida Schools. Ave., San Jose, California. 1 Affiliated with the Federation only. New Orleans, Louisiana-Some time in • Affiliated with the Council only. Autumn. • Conducted by the Council.

Mrs. L. D. Chaffee, 1920 Audubon RAOIAL MINORITY SOHOLARSHIP St., New Orleans, Louisiana. Mount Holyoke College is offering 'Northfield, Massachusetts (Home–July a Racial Minority Competitive Schol- 6-13. arship of one thousand dollars ($1,- 000) for the year 1931-1932, to a Mrs. Frelon Eugene Bolster, Ham- Negro girl, preferably a student ap- mondsport, New York. plying for admission to the Junior Class. Award will be made on the 'Northfield, Massachusetts (Foreign)- basis of scholarship and personality. July 13-21. . Letter of application should be Mrs. James M. Pratt, 135 East 74th handwritten, and should contain state- St., New York, N. Y. ments in regard to age, educational experience, and special interest. Ap- Oklahoma City, Oklahoma- plications for this scholarship should be made by May 1, 1931 to Miss Har- St. Petersburg, Florida-February 1-6, riet Newhall, Executive Secretary to 1932. the Board of Admission, Mount Holy- oke College, South Hadley, Mass. Miss B. Louise Woodford, 930 23d Ave., St. Petersburg, Florida.

Southern California (Los Angeles)- September 21-25.

Mrs. W. S. Dysinger, 1419 6th Ave., Los Angeles, California.

1 Warren, Ohio-September 22-23. FOR TRIPPERS Mrs. George Konold, 314 Scott St., N. E., Warren, Ohio. Trips around the world are being planned by travel bureaus which have Wilson College, Chanwersburg, Penn- as their special interest Wo"ld Friend- sylvania–June 29-July 7. ship. There are trips to Europe which Miss Martha C. Hartman, 233 S. 44th include the unusual privilege of meet- St., West Philadelphia, Pa. ing church women there who hold important positions of leadership. Winona Lake, Indiana–June 24-July 1. There are trips to the Orient, to Mrs. Frank Jensen, 1114 West 81st Africa, and to South America which St., Chicago, Illinois. include visits to many interesting mis- sion stations and points of interest The Florida Chain of Institutes, be- not seen by the average tourist. If sides St. Petersburg and Deland, includes you would be interested in taking a Miami, Tampa, Orlando and Clearwater. trip and finding out first-hand what Mrs. Henry W. Peabody is chairman; the church is doing in industrial, Miss B. Louise Woodford, state chair- international and interracial improveman. All will probably be held between ment, or in making a trip abroad count January 15th and February 8th. for WorId Friendship and Under- standing, write to the Federation of Missionary Education Movcmcnt Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions for further information on this sub- Asilomar, Cali/ornia–July 6-15. ject. Mrs. Clara L. Walberg, 1501 St. Al- bans Road, San Marino, California.

Blue Ridge, North Carolina–July 29- August 7.

Dr. W. Knighton Bloom, 933 Wood- ward Building, Washington, D. C.

ORLD.WlDE

ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC visitor to Honolulu often must, through the throngs of clean, pretty, Strange Cults ot the South Seas bright-faced oriental children on their way to or from school, any prejudice CURIOUS beliefs and cults still ex- he may have is disarmed. ist in the South Sea Islands. A man who had killed his eighth victim Nevertheless, they have brought by an intricate process of magic was their religions with them. Shintoism discovered by the people in a village is there, and Buddhism. The task of not long ago, says the Southern CT088 the Hawaiian Board of Missions grows Lo.q· of the Melanesian Mission with this influx of non-Christians from (Church of England). The mission- the Orient. aries testify that in some cases lin inexplicable evil power is exerted and Union High School ot Manila the victims die from no observable cause. Before the missionaries came, A YOUNG missionary made the the people would have killed the ma- statement that during his four gician when they discovered him. In years' acquaintance with the Union this case, they bound him and sent High School he had come to believe him aboard a labor recruiting ship that no greater opportunity of helpthat came along, with instructions ing students to form Christian charnever to let him return to that island. acter and right attitudes toward life presented itself than is to be found in Dr. C. E. Fox, principal of a Melane- the life of the Union High School. sian Mis,sion school at Ugi, has found survivals of an ancient cult of shark Union High School was started in worship on some of these islands. 1919 in connection with the Union Among other customs, the people bury Theological Seminary-a natural detheir dead in the sea, weighting the velopment resulting from the demand feet with stones. The sharks are be- for higher education in every profeslieved not to touch them. sion. There has been a steady growth from fifty students in the first year The fear of vengeful ghosts, evil to over 450 at present. To meet the spirits, and other powers of evil, is a demands of splendid young men and very active influence among these peo- women who are working during the ple who await the power of Christ to daytime, a night school was opened set them free. in 1923 and has at present 150 stu- dents. The Melanesian Mission has a printing press, operated by an Englishman The school seeks to produce men with native helpers. In the course of and women of character, and to this a year they turn out hundreds of little end it has introduced course,s in the Prayer Books, hymn books, and other Bible into the regular curriculum. In religious material, in three or four addition there is a chapel service three tribal languages. times a week.

The Lovely Hawaiian Islands As its name implies, the Union High School is a union enterprise having H AWAII teems with the life of all as its cooperating missions the Pres- . the races except the African. No- byterians, the United Brethren, and where else is there so little of race the Disciples. The student body is prejudice. When one wades, as the very cosmopolitan. Statistics of a 382 year ago reveal that there were in at- for the summary volume of the 1926 tendance 172 Catholics, 92 Presby- Census of Religious Bodies, shows terians, 38 Methodists, 23 Christians that at least 62 of every hundred adult or Disciples, 14 Aglipayans, with a church members belong to a Protes- sprinkling of adherents from other tant church, while 30 are Roman Cath- Protestant churches, while 60 reported olics, and six are Jews. Women pre- no affiliations at all. The school is dominate in church membership; 48 very cosmopolitan in another way for per cent of the males of the country its students are drawn from nearly over 13 years of age, and 63 per cent all the provinces of the Philippines.- of the females being members.

Donald Dean Parker, in The Philip- There is no state in which either pine Presbyterian. Jews or Roman Catholics constitute a Changing Formosa majority, but there are nine southern states in which the Protestants make ABOUT ~ixty years ago Formosa's up more than half the population. In fi 'st four converts were baptized Utah more than 82 per cent of the and one of the four, Ko Tiong, be- people are members of the Mormon came a pioneer preacher. He married Church. a Christian aboriginal; two sons became Christian doctors, one a devoted Sunday-school enrollments have not minister. A nephew, born in China, been increasing as much as formerly. In 1906 the pupils in Sunday-schools and bearing' an appropriate name, were equivalent to 40 per cent of the Kimseng-meaning "Golden Voice," youth population under 19 years of is now a brilliant church leader. He, age. By 1916 this per cent had too, married a Christian aboriginal. reached 48, but is now 44 per cent.

Of their sons one has recently com- The Roman Catholic Church has de- pleted his medical· studies in Japan, clined in the number of Sunday-school and has settled in Tainan City, For- scholars, but there has been a large mosa. increase in enrollment in parochial The church in Formosa is still schools.

small, but its growth is marvelous. Within recent years there has been Twenty years ago all the men of influ- a tendency for Protestant bodies to ence and wealth were heathen. Today combine. Between 1916 and 1926 no the leading men, the men of letters fewer than 18 denominatIons were in- and of means, are Christians.-Pres- volved in mergers.

byterian Messenger. The Church and the Liquor TraJlic NORTH AMERICA rJ'HE Presbyterian Church has gone Facts About American Churches 1. officially on record with a declara- OUT of every hundred persons over tion that the saloon must never come 13 years of age, in the United back; that the United States Govern- States (according to the Census Bu- ment must not go into the liquor busi- reau), there are today 55 church ness; that the liquor traffic has al- members, (of all sects-Christian and ways been lawless and corrupt; that non-Christian) as there were ten and the liquor situation before prohibition twenty years ago. Only 52 per cent was intolerable; that the prohibition of the rural population belongs to law still has the support of the ma- church as compared with 58 per cent jority of the voters of the United of those in cities. Forty per cent of States; that the church supports the the Protestant ministe"s are not Eighteenth Amendment in the interest graduates of either college or sem- of childhood and youth; that there are inary-most of them in the south and no youth anti-prohibition movements; west. that prohibition has aided the cause Dr. C. Luther Fry, who prepared of social well being; that prohibition the official analysis of church figures has not been the chief cause of law-

lessness; that the law is not religious times that for benevolences. The per but economic; that, all law restricts capita for benevolences had decreased and limits personal liberty; that it during those seven years by thirty- is difficult in the light of the cross to six per cent, and the per capita for talk about personal liberty; that the current expenses had increased by church cannot see at present any sub- thirty per cent. Many objects classed stitute for prohibition which will as benevolences are not missionary so- make for a better solution of a traf- cieties, but "service agencies," phil- fic that has always refused to obey anthropies and cultural or educational any law that has sought to put it un- agencies. How much of our giving der social control; that government to the church is really for others, and control as in Canada is not a success how much for ourselves?

and is not acceptable to the people of the United States, who do not look Tuskegee Jubilee T with favor upon government control HE fiftieth anniversary of the founding of Tuskegee Normal and f.or even legitimate business; that a return to state control would be but Industrial Institutes by Booker T.

a return to the old lawless conditions Washington was observed in Tuskegee which made the Eighteenth Amend- April 10th to 15th. Dr. M. Ashly ment inevitable; that the church is Jones, whose father was chaplain to willing to listen to proposals for a General R{)bert E. Lee, spoke to a large better substitute for prohibition, but audience, comprising both Negroes that so long as no adequate substitute and whites, his text being "The Car- is available the church must set itself penter's Son." Dr. R. R. Moton, is as a flint against any weakening of principal of the institute.

the present law. The Rev. Ben Brave, a South Da- The declaration was adopted unan- kota Indian, who was president at imously by the Administration Com- Hampton of the Wigwam of which mittee of the Presbyterian Board of Booker T. Washington was house fa- Christian Education in executive ses- ther, put a wreath on Dr. Washing- sion in Philadelphia. ton's Tomb.

Self-Support and Giving to Others Other addresses were given by Bish- op R. E. Jones of the Methodist T HE Institute of Social and Reli- Church of New Orleans; Mrs. Vir- gious Research has issued a report ginia Adams Driver, the first graduon "Trends in Protestant: Giving," ate of Tuskegee and Thomas Elsa from carefully collected statistics. In Jones, president of Fisk University. 1913 and 1914 the gifts for local ex- penses in the churches of eleven de- Berea College T nominations were about three and HIS unique institution, with over 2,500 students, stands at the gatethree quarters times the gifts for benevolences. During the war period way of the Appalachian Mountains the amount for benevolences increased, where live 3,000,000 hardy descend- so that gifts for local expenses were ents of pioneer Scotch-Americans.

less than twice those for benevolences. The campus, farm and forest land Since 1920 the ratio has tended stead- comprise 5,600 acres and the college ily back to that of 1913-14. The includes 82 departments with over 200 "benevolence,s" include many gifts for workers. Free tuition is given to the educational and other philanthropic impoverished but earnest students, all objects which do not depend on the of whom contribute to their support missionary boards of the churches. In by working at least ten hours a week.

1920 per capita for current expenses Furnished rooms, with light and heat was two and a half times that for cost 65 cents a week per student and benevolences. In 1927 the amount for food at the rate of 11 cents a meal-a current expenses had risen to five total of $150 a year per student. Berea

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

gives a Christian, but nonsectarian 1914, in accordance with the plan to training, with daily chapel and Bible form one Union Seminary. The numstudy. The president, Dr. Wm. J. ber opposed to the plan increased un- Hutchins, is just returning from In- til in July, 1930, the General Synod dia, whither he went with a commit- of Mexico, ordered the reopening of tee to investigate the missionary the Presbyterian Seminary on Febeducational work. ruary 4, 1931, in order that the synod might have full control over the The Oriental Probleln training of its 'candidates for the min- it;ltry. Since the reopening, presby- ORIENT ALS are our greatest racial teries have placed it on their budgets. problem on the Pacific seaboard. -Christian Observer. There are about 35,000 Japanese in the City of Los Angeles alone, and Earthquake in Nicaragua 50,000 in Southern California. Chinese are decreasing, there being only I N SIX seconds on March 31st a about 3,000 in Los Angeles. Filipinos, violent earthquake .destroyed Manon the other hand, have increased from agua, the capital of Nicaragua. Over 116 in the state in 1910 to about 70,- 1,000 were reported kijIed and thou- 000 in 1930, and about 7,000 of them sands more were injured; the proplive in Los Angeles. With all of these erty damage is estimated at thirty races the disproportion of sexes cre- million dollars. Fire followed the ates a grave social problem. Especially quake and the city was cut off from is this true of the Filipinos, there be- the outside world except for radio ing less than five per cent women messages. The American Government among the 70,000. They live mostly directed that immediate help be given in labor camps and work long hours the sufferers by the army and nav~ for small pay. This is the chief cause and the Red Cross. Only a small group> for the hatred which has precipitated of missionaries were stationed at Manseveral race riots in the past year or agua, members of the American Baptwo. Very little church or social serv- tist Home Mission Society and the ice work is yet being done among Central American Mission; the neighthem. boring town of Masaya was also oc- cupied by these missions. On the other hand, there is a great deal of church and social service work New Evangelical Churches among the Chinese and Japanese. The Chinese are rapidly decreasing owing DR. S. G. INMAN, Executive Secreto the rigid immigration laws, and tary of the Committee on Coopthere is really no Chinese problem. eration in Latin America, summarizes The Japanese are increasing and also events of the past year: becoming more and more Americanized. The second generation of The year stands out as marking the- "Americans of Japanese ancestry" is organization of additional independent coming to the fore, and they are de- evangelical churches in Mexico and sirous of living up to their birthright. Brazil. The union of the Congregational, They are the chief problem in this Christian and United Brethren Churches race.-The Churchman. in Puerto Rico, and the meeting in Puerto Rico of the officers of the com- LATIN AMERICA mission to organize the Latin American Federation of Evangelical Churches are Selninary ReopeD.8 in Mexico other marks of progress.

THE reopening of the Presbyterian Last July, representatives of the Theological Seminary in Mexico on Northern and Southern Methodist February 4, 1931, was significant for Churches, both in Mexico and the United the evangelical movement in Mexico. States, approved the basis for a united The institution had been closed since Methodist Church of Mexico. The first General Conference was held in Mexico 5 City in September, resulting in the elec- tion of Rev. Juan Pascoe as bishop. With

the approval of the Annual Conference two languages. In 1912, there were ()f the Southern Methodist Church at 9,415 corps, or evangelistic posts: now Dallas, last May, a delegation from the there are 15,113. As against 15,988 United States went to Brazil and helped commissioned officers in 1912, there 'organize the Methodist Church of Brazil. are now 25,658. The Army has 1,568 The Brazilians elected as their first social institutions and agencies. In Bishop Rev. J. W. Tarboux, a former its shelters and food depots 24,545,847 missionary, and adopted the Social Creed free or cheap meals were supplied dur- Qf the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America as their own.

ing the year, and 11,516,319 beds pro- Agitation in Brazil vided. In its men's industrial institu- SINCE the Provisional Government tions, houses and workshops, 214,074 of Brazil announced its intention men were found work, permanently of rewriting the Constitution, church or temporarily. At its labor bureau authorities have been campaigning in there were 407,506 applicants and favor of what they term a minimum situations were found for 238,234. In- program of Ciltholic action. This to its women's industrial homes last program demands that the new Con- year 6,416 girls and women were stitution bear the statement that it is received and 5,951 were passed out '!Written in the name of God, that it satisfactorily. At its ninety-two ma- ,declare the Catholic Church the State ternity homes 23,817 women were re- <Church of Brazil, that it make a re- ceived.-The Christian.

ligious marriage ceremony compul- sory, and that the Catholic faith be Religious Liberty in Italy T taught in the State schools. Catholic HE Roman Catholic Church au- thorities in Rome are doing all in clergy are conducting a vigorous campaign from the pulpit while Catholic their power to restrict Protestants laymen are just as busy through news- from enjoying liberty in religious papers and committees. Counter ac- work. The Vatican organ, Osservutore tivities are at work on the part of Romano, keeps up a demand for the nonCatholics. The strife reached a curbing of "Protestant propaganda," climax at a nonCatholic meeting of and the pope gives support to this deprotest in Pernambucco. A crowd of mand. They claim that the Roman Catholic sympathizers caused a riot Catholic Church is maligned and its when they succeeded in preventing the dogmas are misrepresented and they first speaker from addressing the large demand the right to censor the propacrowd of nonCathoIics. The police g and a. The Italian government, had to use force to restore order, and though friendly to the Roman Catholic the feeling is bitter on both sides.- Church and willing to treat it as the United Presbyterian. established church of the State, has EUROPE been insistent upon these principles; freedom of religious belief; freedom Sa.lvation ArD1Y Progress of religious worship; freedom of reli- T HE SalvaUon Army Yearbook far gious propaganda, and equality of civil 1931 is a record of vast operations, rights without regard to religious evangelistic and social, at home and connection.

abroad.

A statistical table is impressive as a Students a.nd the Christian Faith W record of advance since the death of HEN Dr. John R. Mott conducted a series of meetings for students the founder, William Booth. In that .;vear (1912) the Army was established of Oxford in 1905, the results were in fifty-two c{JUntries and colonies. At considered remarkable. From 300 to the opening of 1931, the Army's flag is 800 undergraduates attended. Re- :flying in eighty-two countries, and its cently, when the modern students are message being proclaimed in seventy- said to have no use for religion, 1,000

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and sometimes 2,000 members of the cently fifteen evangelical kindergaruniversity were present day after day tens in Breslau lost the government for eight days listening to the preach- subsidy. An institution for dumb and ing of Christ and learning the way of blind children which has existed for a prayer in meetings conducted by the hundred years was -sold out and the Archbishop of York. children turned over to a state in- stitution. The Blue Cross Society is "The change in the last few years," a useful organization for the rescue the Student Movement declares, "is of drunkards. The Govetnment is remarkable. Men are ready to listen seeking to make its existence imposand many more than some think are sible by regUlations concerning regisready to pray." tration and membership insurance. In Zurich, morning and evening From other companies of young prayers and grace at table have been people a marked response has also interdicted in the city asylum, much been made to the appeal of Christ. to the grief of the aged inmates. The There is a seething in the heart of Central School Commission of Zurich youth today, but there is a readine-ss has cut off from the free evangelical to try experiments. No real picture of school the privilege of free dental youth is presented which leaves out treatment for school children, and has the companies who have entered upon withdrawn the reduction of carfares the way of faith. formerly allowed.-The Sunday-School Times. Christian Progress in Belgium Protest Against Soviet Persecution AMONG Belgium's eight million people, only 50,000 are Protes- T HE Christian Protest Movement tant. Besides the state-supported against Soviet Persecution of Re- Union of Evangelical Churches and ligion, established in Great Britain, the Free Christian Missionary church, has held 270 meetings during the past there are several smaller groups, but year, with the support of all religious Belgium is a Romanist stronghold, organizations. There is now evidence though many are indifferent and many that the protest has reached Russia, merely formal. One secret of Catho- and has brought about some slight lic power in Belgium is its thorough modification. This has changed the organization of education from school policy of the Movement from one of age onwards, and the Protestant' demand to an appeal to the Russian churches cannot compete in this field Government to abandon religious perwith their weak schools and lack of secution.-The Christian. resources. Neverthele-ss, good work is done by colporteurs and the print- Atheism and Christianity in Russia ing press, and the work advances, however slowly. There is no question I N RUSSIA the war between atheof mas-s conversions. New converts ism and Christianity is on, and in are gained one by one, but the labor spite of the great power the atheists is not in vain.-Pastor Buse. exercise, the current is not wholly their way. In Dein Reich Komme we Socialists in Germany are given a remarkable account of the manner in which the Evangelicals and CHRISTIAN institutions in Ger- Baptists are progressing. In the many have been attacked by the Ukraine, according to Pravda, "the Socialists quietly but persistently. sects are no longer sects but great Catholic institutions are spared be- churches or even parties." In the cause of the political alliance between governments of Po!towa, Kherson, and Center and Socialist parties. It is Tver there are whole counties which, proposed to supplant the Protestant according to the Communist papers, nursing sisters and deaconesses with secular nurses and attendants. Re-

are drenched with this Christian and singing them well; black health propaganda. In the Soviet factories workers who, unsupervised, can and do the .sectarians win victory after vic- produce admirable malaria surveys and tory. Thus in the textile factory maps …. In Zanzibar I saw a native Chalturin there are two thousand medical orderly demonstrating hookworkmen who belong to the evangel- worms and hookworm eggs to the chilical societies against less than five dren in a little out-school; and their hundred Communists. The school answers to his questions showed that youth who come under the influence the village schoolmaster had already of the sectarians offer obstinate re- made the hookworm story quite clear to sistance to the Communist pioneers their minds." and draw to their ranks leading members of the Communist young people -The Congregationalist. organizations. The religious situation in Russia is no doubt dark enough, but Welcomed by Tribal Ohiefs the darkness seems to be that which precedes dawn. THE following letter bears the sig- nature of forty chiefs and tribal The Evangelicals of Russia are, ac- rulers of Menderland, Sierra Leone, and was addres·sed to the newly arcording to the American secretary of rived workers at the "Ward United Methodist church" at Bandajuma, esthe All-Russian Evangelical Christian tablished last year: Union, very 'active in improving the general life of Russia. We, the paramount Chief and Tribal Rulers, of Sowa Chiefdom, do hereby AFRIOA meet to welcome you, and we regard this first visit to our Chiefdom as a genuine Oan Blacks be Educated1 red-letter day.

JULIAN HUXLEY, in a recent num- Weare highly proud of the love and ber of the Atla,nticMonthly, dis- respect that you good people are showing cusse.s the possibilities: of "African to us since you started this Mission on Education." The educability of the the 13th of April, 1928. Other missions African and his capacity for intel- have come and failed, and for many lectual and creative work depends years we have been left alone, before it upon the proper opportunity and stim- pleased God to put it into the hearts of ulous. Biology has relatively little to good people in England to send our do with it. Huxley agrees with schol- friend, Rev. A. C. Lamb, to come and ars like Franz Boas, who are con- open the Mission here again. Everyone vinced that variations of mental of us here feels very glad to have the capacity within a race are much Mission here, to teach us and our chilgreater than between races, and that dren. .Although we are Mohammedans, racial capacities overlap very consider- yet we feel that there is one God ·who is ably. It is impossible to say that the both for white and black. capacity of one race is definitely higher than another. Mr. Huxley We wrote some time ago about having says: a white man here and also a hospital, but we have not heard anything from "I have seen dressers in charge of dis- our friend as regards what the good pensaries, clerks keeping the records of people in England will do for us…. We native courts, girls running maternity hope to hear good news. and infant-welfare stations with white inspection only once a month, men in We are ready to help the Mission on charge of a power station on a big whatever we are asked to do. It is our estate, schoolmasters who taught well wish and prayer that God may guide and had their heart in their job, fore- you both in your ruling, and that you men who could be trusted in sole control may prove a blessing to all the other of building operations-all blacks . . . . churches and schools in Sierra Leone Black students who were dissecting a and to the public in general.-Missioncadaver with commendable thorough- wry Echo. ness; a black choir singing Bach motetS', Testing Time. in Bafla SEVERAL fa c tor s are causing troublous times in the Cameroun. A letter from C. E. Whittier, of the Presbyterian Mission in Bafia, gives as one factor the new laws regarding the age of boys and girls allowed in

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK 3B9

school, the maximum age being twelve Church Growth in Nigeria to fourteen years. This has meant putting out 125 of the two hundred TWENTY-ONE years ago the Church boys of the French school, and several Missionary Society began missiongirls of marriageable age will not be ary work in the Isoko dIstrict of Niallowed to return. geria, West Africa. The results have been wonderful, the numblJr of Chris- Boys and girls put out of school tian adherents now numbering more can return to their parents, but wilf than 8,000 in the 120 towns having a not want to. Why? If they start a Christian church. It is estimated that cocoa garden or gather palm nuts, as sixty per cent of the Christians are soon as the garden has food ready women, though no organized women's to harvest the chief will send his work was attempted until a year ago police to get it, to supply the amount when two women missionaries were the government asks of him. The assigned to the village of Bethel. The chief may be paid for it, but the boy missionaries are hoping to establish will receive nothing. His labor is welfare centres and small maternity useless. Who can even counsel him homes in six towns in the district, to be industrious, when along every each centre to have a trained woman line of industry his labors will only midwife in charge.-The Christian. enrich his chief, not himself? Thanks From Abyssinia As for the girls, a real trial of faith is experienced when the native Mo- T HE Emperor of Abyssinia issued hammedan chief takes them by force a statement thanking all the Govinto his harem to be his wives. ernments of the world for the interest they have manifested in connection Notable Improvement with the event of his coronation, and for the practical aid given by Euro- MANY changes may be noted as pean and American people toward evidence of improved ·social con- realizing his hope of spreading civiliditions in West Africa. Cannibalism zation in his realm. He also said: is nearly extinct. Slavery is waning. Fetishism is greatly decreased. Most "In this hour in which my heart is of the harmful secret ·societies are lifted up to God, I must offer my heartpractically dead. Tribal wars may be felt thanks for all the good that Amerisaid to be at an end. Murder is very can missions have done for us. They rare, as compared with its frequency have helped to spread the Word of God in the United States. Polygamy is and Christian teaching in all parts of the very greatly decreased. The language country, and we especially thank the has been reduced to writing and the doctors, not only for their great services New Testament, portions of the Old to the members of the Emperor's family, Testament and' many textbooks have but because they have given the blessings been printed. The majority of the of health and strength to thousands of young men and boys, and some thou- my poor people." sands of women and girls can read and write. Young women have more Abyssinia is four times the size of freedom as to school and marriage, Great Britain. At present only seven and some are taking nurses' training of its forty-three provinces are occucourses; some become teachers, and pied by missionaries. Eight societies others dre·ssmakers. Time was when with 71 workers occupy ten stations. all day·s were alike. The introduction There are 72 native workers. The of the Sabbath was a novelty to these Province of Shoa with its capital of people, and has proven a great bless- Addis Ababa is fairly well occupied, ing. Last year's statistics showed having 36 missionaries, or about half that the attendance at Sunday-school the entire mission force. The rest of averaged 94,000. the country is practically untouched. A recent article in World Dominion speaks of the present emperor as a progressive whose desire is to awaken

the soul of the old Church of his coun- Ferment in Persto.

try for the uplift of the nation. It DR. E. M. DODD, writing from is estimated that a quarter of the Persia, says: "Sixteen years ago, adult population of the empire are while here, I heard the remark, 'Persia priests, deacons, or monks in the is a corpse with no one to bury her.' old Aby-ssinia Church. The Church Since then the national attitude has possesses one-third of the land. changed. There is a feeling that all -Woman's Missionary Magazine. things are possible." The country is WESTERN ASIA gradually being emancipated; is A Christian Monthly in Turkey awake to the fact that it is in the march of progress, even though hun- ONE of the daily Turkish papers dreds of miles behind. Education is Son Posta, representing the new making long strides, the most signifpolitical party, criticised the support icant fact being that the new program given by the Government to the maga- includes girls. Many new schools zine Muhit. We translate this as in- have been opened.

dicating the appreciation of the maga- "Hospitals and public health activ- zine ,on the part of the Ministry of ities are moving with only slightly less Education. momentum. Doctors must now be li- "In Istanbul, a monthly magazine censed for the fir.st time. A few cities under the title of Muhit is issued by have municipal hospitals, while in the Bible House, namely the Gospel Teheran, a small medical fraternity Home, whose purpose is to extend meets periodically. In Meshed there Christianity. This Christian Institu- is something similar.

tion prints the Gospel, circulates it, "After all is said, the picture ha's and makes propaganda of Christianity shadows, as well as high-lights. Many all over the country. It has some cross currents are at work; national- schools also in Istanbul and some other ism at times runs riot, and economic cities, where Christianity is taught. conditions are bad. With the Mullahs The Bible House has taken steps to losing their hold, irreligioOn is on the extend its activities, and has begun increase."

to publish missionary books. At the head of this magazine Muhit, is the INDIA, BURMA, SIAM director of the Literature Department Self-Gove1'1lment and Communalism of the Bible House. THE Methodist Episcopal Central "Very well! A missionary organiza- Conference in India, at its recent meeting, declared in favor of Domin. tion has been publishing a magazine. ion Status for India, and pledged help We shall not read it. That finishes in making this status a .success. The the matter! But the matter is not greatest obstacle they declared to be finished in that way. Since the change "communalism"-or the policy of sepin our script, many Turkish magazines arating Indians into distinct classes have been obliged to close, and none dependent on religion, race Ill' social of them has received a grant from the class. It was resolved "that we Department of Education. The Min- (Christians) have no intention of istry of Education has discovered only creating a separate political entity, this magazine to support, and has called the Christian Community . . . decided to buy 2,000 copies every We have no desire to build up around month. Surely it is not reasonable that the Ministry of Education should the Christian Church a separate social use its appropriation for the purpose and political entity … We desire of the extension of the new script to passionately a united India . . . If support a missionary institution; but those who desired to give their spirit- this is a fact, and a most grievous fact ual allegiance to Christ had been al- too!" lowed to stay in their homes and be

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

frank, open baptized Christians then been putting emphasis upon evangelthis communalism would not have been ism, but there is a call for more earbuilt up. Even now if those who de- nest and more united efforts. sire to follow Christ should be allowed to stay in their homes without In several of the Provinces a special social or political penalty then we are week of evangelism was set for March willing to see the Christian commu- 8th to 15th. In the United Provinces nity as a political entity fade out, a number of objectives have been set leaving the Christian Church as a for a month of evangelistic effort. moral and spiritual organization con- Here are the objectives: tributing its power to the uplift and regeneration of this land." 1. Every Christian taking part by definite prayer and definite witness- Thirty Million More in India ing; with the aim to sell at least ten Gospel portions-a hundred if pos- I NDIA'S population has increased sible. 30,000,000 during the last decade, according to the estimate in the pre- 2. Special visits in zenanas by liminary census returns. The census Christian women. of 1921 put the figure at 318,000,000, but figures now available show that 3. Public preaching, singing and during the last ten years there has Gospel selling in bazaars by bands of been an increase in population exceed- laymen and ministers. ing all estimates. 4. A rousing Christian procession Freedom from pestilence and fam- at some time during the week. ine, sanitation, medical facilities and more enlightened living generally have These objectives, if carried out, contributed to the increase which ap- wherever possible, will show the pears certain throughout India. earnestness M Christiims to win others to Christ. Burma's population has risen probably 12 per cent. Bikanir State takes Kalighat Ashram the lead, however, with an increase of 41.7 per cent, largely due to the com- BROTHER CHAKRAVARTY, a pletion of a large irrigation project converted Bengali of Calcutta, and the consequent immigration. makes daily visits to the Kalighat temple, where he talks with pilgrims Population increased 35 per cent in and priests. Having retained his the Ahmednagar district and 32 per Bengali name and dre'ss he can move cent in the adjoining Poona district above in such places without attractperhaps because 'Of similar new irri- ing much special attention…. gation works. But there was no decrease elsewhere, showing such gen- This is a purely Indian method and eral pressure of population that the Indians are doing the work. There is people immediately flow into the areas no preaching, no magic lantern lecproviding support far fresh inhabit- ture, no Gospel singing band. The ants. Guru sits in contemplation and the enquirers gather about him. Then he A Month of Evangelism reads a verse from the Word of God, followed by a verse, perhaps, from the I N CHINA, Japan, Korea and else- Bhagavadgita. Then he shows the where, Christian churches are more effective drawing power of the carrying forward definite united evan- Bible to bring men to God. Perhaps gelistic programs. In India such a one from the audience puts a question united plan has not yet been made, and either the Guru, or some member but the National Christian Council has of the audience answers it. The been asked to consider calling the "audience" may consist of two besides Churches of India to unite in such an our missionary or there may be as effort. The Churches of India have many as fifteen in the little room.

Pray that our missionary and his wife may be given strength of body, of mind, and of heart, that they may

be divinely guided in all that they at- finally reach the millions beyond.

tempt for the Kingdom.-V. M. [lahi- Each Church will be free to follow baksh. whatever methods it chooses. 2. The. n.t0vement ai~~ at emphasizing Methodists and the Madura Incident C~rIshan responsIbIlity for positive wltness and sharing with others our T HE recent central conference of experience in Christ. the Methodist Episcopal Church in Southern Asia, at its quadrennial ses- 3. The movement must seek to touch all sion in Cawnpore, India, put that denomination clearly on record as re- !aces, ,,:or)dng in all areas, employ- Ing varIetIes of method, and aiming at establishing the Kingdom of God in all relationships of life. The move- jecting the interpretation of mission- n.tent should be a searching examinaary "neutrality" which the British tIon of our social and industrial conauthorities set up in the case of the d}tions, t? see how far they are con- American Board Mission in Madura. SIstent WIth Christian principles. While recognizing that American missionarie-s "can take no part in political A definite objective may -spur the movements as such," the Methodists Church on to greater efforts of sacriwent on record as holding that "the fice and service. The Council suggests church cannot give itself over to or that "we aim at doubling the number ally itself with any government or of Christians within five years." Such political party or group." It was this a venture calls for great faith, but which the now famous letter of Magis- "All things are po-ssible to him that trate Hall told the American Board believeth." missionaries at Madura the British Government expected of them. The The Evangelistic Committee is Methodists upheld the rights of Chris- praying and working, surveying the tian Indians, Anglo-Indians and field, examining social and industrial Britons to engage in politics as their conditions, planning the pUblication consciences dictate. of direct evangelistic literature in va- rious languages, working out bold and daring methods, with a view to in- auguratng the movement at the annual A BurlUa for Ohrist Movement* meeting of the Council in July. "For T HE Burma Christian Council calls the next six months, the need is to the Church of Christ in Burma to catch the vision of God's purpose, to a movement to make Burma Christian. sanctify ourselves to be the agents of It calls for a fresh outlook and motive, that purpose, and by believing prayer, which begun in penitence and prayer, create an atmosphere in which a great continued in faith, joy and persever- forward movement may be born and ence, -shall regenerate in the Church set going with such momentum that of Burma that spirit which thrills no power can stop the coming of the through the pages of the Acts. The Kingdom of God in Burma."

call is primarily to prayer and peni- The Day of Opportunity in Burma tence, through Communion with God, to realize the greatness of His love, THIS is a day of great opportunity and the magnificence of His purpose. to lead the Burmese to know Christ. "This realization should express itself Returning through Mandalay from in a deepening spiritual life, a grow- the Aungpinle Association at Sagaing ing Christlikeness, a radiant joy, and a the Wesleyan preachers said: "Manpassion for bringing others to Christ." dalay is not like what it was before. They used to hate the Christians; There are three general principles, now they go out of their way to make on which, the movement ought to be friends with us. They may not acbased: cept our religion, but they want to know us." At Sagaing a group of 1. The "Burma for Christ" movement about fifty Buddhist elders came out should extend to every Christian, and in response to an invitation.

'" Condensed from The News" Rangoon, Burma, February, 1931.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

From Bassein, Henzada, Pegu and greater success than that reported in Moulmein come similar reports. The the press has been attained by the Buddhist people have listened with a Nanking Government in the struggle new eagerness and confessed their with rebellious hordes of Communists hunger for someone to trust. Burma and bandits. Some relief from finan- is weary of the doctrine of hate which cial calamity has also been secured has been so industriously preached through increased import duties.

from all sides during the past number The Manchurian leader, Chang of years and wants a gospel of love. Hsueh Liang, has not lost his hold on The economic distress resulting from the Northeastern provinces while low prices, the political risings and maintaining peace in Hopei, Shansi rumors of risings, robberies, murders, and the Northwest and gradually dis- ,sects and parties hating each other in banding the excessive armies in those the villages, have all made the Bur- provinces. Shantung has been more mans look with fear and distrust on peaceful than for several years.

one another, till they do not know As the result of reading the Bible where to turn. After nights of anx- and observance of the fruits of Chrisiety when they meet Christians in the tianity in his home, his social and povillages or bazaars, their faces bright- litical circle and in other relations the en with gladness because they know President, Chiang Kai Shek, has pro- Christians can be trusted and are claimed his C'onviction that for himbearers of love and help. In a world self and for his country, the Saviour of enemies, here are friends. Shout it out to the Christians all over Bur- and the hope is Jesus Christ. After confessing his faith and receiving ma. This is the day of opportunity baptism, he went back to his place of to show Christians love Buddhists.- peril and responsibility in the councils B. C. Case, in The News. of State to make clear, by deeds more News from Siam than by words, his belief that only the AN OUTSTANDING event of the truth can make China free and strong 1'l. year in Siam was the eighth meet- and "equal."-Courtney H. Fenn.

ing of the Far Eastern Association of Strong Leadership Needed Tropical Medicine, continuing for one week in Bangkok. One hundred and T HE Rev: George T. Scott, one of sixty delegates from abroad were pres- the Secretaries of the Presbyterian ent. Board, writes from Shantung: About two years ago the Interna- "In the eleven years since my pre- tional Missionary Council was asked vious visit to China, the most obvious to send a competent man to Siam for outward changes are (1) improved rural economic survey, in the hope roads and motor cars; (2) the well- that a scientific study of the rural informed and disciplined Chinese solpopulation and their problems would diers and police everywhere, in the assist the missions to make wiser and cities and towns, on the railways, drill- more far-reaching, plans. The Siamese ing on parade grounds and over rough Government is facing serious eco- terrain; (3) the many men of all ages nomic problems in connection with the in western dress, and practicaliy all rural situation, and is therefore eager girls and young women "bobbed," with a new independence of life and manto cooperate.-Station Letter. ners; (4) the shops filled with goods CHINA imported from America and Europe; Progress in China (5) and everywhere, at station plat- MORE progress has been made in forms and docks, on buildings and China in the last six months than fences and walls are pasted or painted in any previous similar period since large and small posters and signs to the revolution of 1911-12. Much inspire and to teach patriotism, na-

tionalism, anti-imperialism, popular nese Mission to Lepers decided to and party government. undertake. Shanghai is cursed with some 300 lepers most of whom are "In the present period of readjust- found in Chapei. These affiicted are ment among the most difficult has to not seen in the daytime, but appear do with Christian schools and colleges. on the streets at night. Some live Government regulations are unduly with normal persons, apparently unarestrictive, with a special bent against ware of the danger which lurks in religious worship and instruction. In them, while others even peddle food middle schools and higher institutions without the least interference by the voluntary religious exercises are per- police. There is no ruling that lepers mitted, but not in schools of lower cannot walk in public or engage in grade. The entire Christian move- petty trade, and consequently the most ment, missionary and national, con- dreaded disease of mankind is suffered tinually protests against these in- to victimize the innocent. The Chinese fringements of the liberty of private Mission has at its disposal funds for institutions. During this disturbed the erection and equipping of a home transition period, schools are being for these leper,s in the vicinity of continued and Christianity is being Shanghai. Unfortunately a site which conveyed to the students in many it obtained in Kiangwan was not apways, even where direct precept in the proved of by the Chinese municipal classroom is forbidden; often reli- authorities, neither was a second site gious worship and classes are held in in the Western District. a building adjoining the campus. At present, Christian schools are over- The work of the mission is undercrowded, largely because so many gov- taken by Chinese and foreign physiernment institutions are closed for cians free of charge. These volunteers lack of funds." have their regular duties, and as a consequence, cannot afford to go out Missionaries Murdered of the civic centers to render service to the lepers. It would hardly be fair THE murder of two American wom- to add physical hardship to their vol- en missionaries in the southern untary service which in most counprovince of Yunnan was reported in tries is provided by the government dispatches from there, March 18th. itself. The present deadlock between They were Mrs. Vera M. White and the mission and the Chinese authori- Mr·s. Victoria M. Miller, Seventh Day ties leaves the public only one choice: Adventists. to let the lepers run loose in its midst, or to house them under one roof rea- The crime is believed to have been sonably secluded from the congested committed by or upon the instigation sections.-The China Critic. of revengeful servants who were lately discharged under suspicion of being Standing Firm in Changsha. thieves. ~~NEVER was Christianity less like- The husbands of the women were ly to be stamped out in Changon their way from TaHfu to Yunnanfu, a 150-mile journey, and had been tele- sha," writes Rev. W. H. Clark of the graphed to hasten their return. Mrs. Hun a n Presbyterian Mis s ion. White's two children, Ardyth Marie "Though more than half the congreand Lorena Jean were uninjured and gation have been forced by imminent are being cared for by V. D. Parker, danger of a second communist occuof the Young Men's Christian Associ- pation to leave the city, the fire of ation.-Herald-Tribune. faith burns even the brighter in those who are here. In the humble little A Home for Lepers chapel of the primary school, 110 met for worship on Sunday. While the THE difficulty in selecting a site for hordes of Reds under Peng, Chu and a home for lepers has been retarding humanitarian work which the Chi-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Mao were hammering at our defense A. student secretary, and Dr. T. Z.

lines not over a mile and a half away, Koo, national student secretary of the and while the hills were ringing to Y. M. C. A.-Christian Advocate.

the sound of rifle and machine gun fire, even there a dozen Christians Finnish Missions in China dared to come to my looted home and T HE Finnish Missions in China are spend an hour in prayer. One Yale passing through great difficulties. boy, just two days before the fiercest In 1927 the greater number of their attacks, said: 'I am not afraid, I am missionaries were compelled to leave in the will of God,' and went off smil- China for many months. Some were ing. The next night his village was never to return to their stations. captured by the Red army and only Those who remained in Hunan were after three weeks did the government in danger of death daily for more troops reenter it. We have no news than half a year. The congregations of him, but I am confident he has were scattered, the churches desestood firm. That which we came to crated, the Chinese pastor,s and teach- China to give, the message of Christ, ers were persecuted, so that they had is a commodity which cannot be looted, to seek seclusion. destroyed, nor burned. We may have lost well over a hundred thousand dol- In February, 1930, three women lars; but there is a 'fellowship of missionaries in Kiangsi were mursuffering' worth infinitely more. Christ dered by Communists. They are the reigns in hundreds of hearts here; he first Finnish martyrs in the Chinese cannot be dislodged whatever comes; field. many a Christian is living the faith: 'Though he slay me, yet will I trust Nothwithstanding all these difficulhim.'" ties only 5% of the Christians gave up their faith. The work has been resumed and the missionaries and Chinese workers have gone long dis- Fifty Years of Service tances on tour and have found many T HE Anglo-Chinese College in Foo- open hearts. The work in the schools chow, under the Methodist Board, has been rendered generally imposwill soon complete fifty years of serv- sible on account of Government reice to China. Plans had been made strictions.

for only 400 stUdents, but when nearly 200 new boys applied for admission A Conference Under Difficulties U in September, acting President S. H. p TO within one week of meeting, it looked as if a conference this Lin arranged to take half of these applicants making an enrollment of year in Central China of the Christian 437 boys. The religious spirit among Alliance would be impos.sible. In July, the students has deepened becau,se of the rising tide of militant bolshevism the unusual activity of the school Y. swept over Changsha and threatened M. C. A. The school, through its six- the Wuhan Center, causing the Con- teen delegates, was host to the Joint suls to forbid their nationals residing Y. M. C. A.-Y. W. C. A. Summer Stu- in Wuchang.

dent Conference last September. The However, on September 2, the Con- boys, who carried on five Daily Vaca- suls lifted the ban and the conference tion Bible Schools during the summer was called. Many experienced trials, vacation, have brought the same spir- but the conference afforded new it of service into the Y. M. C. A. work. encouragement and inspiration. A Recently, over a hundred boys paid dominant note was praise for divine their own expenses to spend the week- protection amid warfare, lawlessness, end in the large Buddhist Monastery and opposition. In spite of the anti- on Kushau Mountain in a conference Christian agitation, one hundred and with Miss Kwaan, national Y. W. C. ten baptisms were reported. War-

fare, banditry, and communism had Whereas today, after seventy years been widespread, and yet evangelism of endeavor, the Christian churches had been carried on everywhere. have no more than 300,000 enrolled Many reported revival, some having members, or about one-half of one per been blessed with a week's meetings cent of the population, two modern held by four Chinese workers from sects of Shinto, not yet fifty years Bethel Mission, Shanghai. old, both incorporating in their tenets and practices features closely resem- The appointment of several "travel- bling those of Christianity, number ing evangelists"-who are really dis- over five million adherents, or nearly trict or provincial pastors-has been ten per cent of the population of modamply justified by their good workin ern Japan. Hunan and Anhwei. The spirit of love and unity and the competent way These sects are not in any real in which some Chinese brethren con- sense Christian; they are obviously ducted the business of conference, subChristian, and any crystallization greatly encouraged us concerning the of the process of development at the future of the church.-Rev. Howard present stage would leave Japan's lead- Van Dyck. ing religious movements manifestly pagan in spirit and rite. Yet these JAPAN AND CHOSEN trends chart the course over which Japan's religious development is mov- Bibles in Jq.panese Hotels ing.-T. T. Brumbaugh.

ABOUT four years ago the "Gid- Empress Aids Leper Work eons" applied for permis·sion to place Bibles in the Imperial Hotel at ST. BARNABAS' MISSION TO Tokyo, but without success. Other LEPERS, Kusatsu, is rejoicing in attempts were made later but met with a gift of seven thousand yen from refusal. However, one of the Chris- the Dowager Empress of Japan. For tians in the management kept the re- many years she has been accumulatquest in mind, and recently word came ing funds for the benefit of the lepers that the management had decided to of Japan by setting aside a certain accept the offer. part of her annual income. On No- vember 10, 1930, this fund was dis- Sunday, November 2d, was set for tributed to the various leper charities, the dedicatory service in the banquet Imperial, Roman Catholic, Anglican, hall of the hotel. Notice of the serv- and Buddhist. With the exception of ice was put in the main lobby. Short the Government Asylum, this Episcoaddresses were delivered by a mis- pal Mission received the largest sionary and by the representative of amount. With this fund it is hoped the Gideons, Captain Swinehart. The to establish a leper settlement suffimanager expressed his appreciation ciently attractive to draw lepers in and the hope that those Bibles would large numbers from all parts of the be helpful to many guests. No doubt, country for voluntary segregation.- that was the first time the Bible was Spirit of Missions. read and prayer offered in that banquet hall.-Bible Society Record.

A Christianized Buddhist Sect Purity Campaign THE Shin sect of Buddhism has THE campaign against licensed adopted so much of obviously prostitution has been called to the Christian thought-forms and method- attention of the Japanese public ology in Japan as to change the very through petitions presented to eleven character and spirit of Buddhism. meetings of the prefectural assemblies. This sect more than any other chal- Two of these passed biHs abolishing lenges the imaginations and commands licensed vice, making seven assemblies the loyalty of modern Japanese. which have recently declared for aboli-

1931J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

tion. In one prefecture the victory graduates will enter the Theological came as the result of a well-organized Seminary in Pyengyang. Others seven-year fight, during which 135,000 have gone out to start new churches individual petitions, one long petition and win others to Christ. Rev. W. J. containing 60,000 names, and petitions Anderson, the principal writes: "We from over 650 organizations were pre- have some very fine men. Many peosented. The leadership of this move- ple have told me of the great blessing ment is in Christian hands but it ha·s the Bible school students are bringswept far beyond the limits of the ing to territory around Seoul thr,ough church and appeals to the best thought revival meetings and Sunday services of the nation. The medical associa- they are conducting. One student who tions and patriotic societies are coop- was not able to continue his work on erating and purity leagues are organ- account of lack of funds has been used ized in many parts of the country to to start a revival in a village ten miles back up the campaign.-WiUis Lamott. from Seoul. One graduate spent sev- enty days last summer in prayer and Sai Nai Reforms Bible study alone on an island. He returned in power and has been won- SAl NAI, on a river island near derfully used." Seoul, was a notoriously rowdy town. Village feuds played havoc with Christ and Apples the Christian school, interest lagged in church work. Following a week of PUKCHUDONG is a country village revival meetings, and a visit by the whose ·life has been enriched by missionary in charge of the group, Christ and apples. Luscious "red about thirty young men of the village jade" and "light of the nation" are organized a School Boosters Associa- grown in great abundance, because tion, assumed full responsibility for Christian elders have gone at the apall finances of church and school, ple industry with the same thoroughagreed to send more students, started ness as they conduct their church. The a night school, pledged themselves not more apples produced, the more conto touch liquor or tobacco, or gamble, verts secured, it would seem; and the and made it so clear to the head of better Christians they become, the betthe village that things must be dif- ter apples they strive to grow. "And ferent that he resigned. The village so the Lord be thankit," writes Rev. people met and decided that whoever William Scott. was chosen to succeed him must be a Christian.-Korean Broadcasts. The headman of the village is a non- Christian, who once gave much trouble Bible Training in Seoul by his opposition. Reporting on his community at a district meeting of SEVENTEEN Korean young men headmen he said: "It may seem like were graduated on March 18th from boasting, but I believe I have the best The Pierson Memorial Bible School community in the township. Our peoat Seoul. This is the largest class in ple are sober and industrious. There some years and the students have is no carousing, no wrangling, no had a systematic course of study, in thieving. Our folk are of specially the Bible, church work, preaching and good stock." Another village headpersonal evangelism. The week ends man, also a nonChristian, broke in and summer vacations have been spent with the retort: "Good stock, nothing! in teaching, preaching, and personal Your people are the Bame breed as work and most encouraging reports mine. Everybody knows what makes have come of reviva}.s and churches the difference. Take the Christian strengthened. Most of the under church out of your district and you graduates are planning to spend their will be back where we are."-Korean vacation in this work. Some of the Echoes.

~~Tithing Storehouse" While Christian in character and pur- K ONGJU, Korea, has a "Tithing pose, it is not designed to further the Storehouse" as a feature of its special interests of any church 'Or Christian program. This storehouse, other institution. The officers of the association are: 12×12 feet, was erected at the same Rufus M. Jones, president; Mary time as the church, and is probably E. Woolley, vice-president; Paul Wilthe only one of its kind. Christians liam Alexander, recording secretary; bring in the tithe of their rice and Charles J. Ewald, exe.cutive secretary; barley crop, and from this the pas- Robert A. Doan, chairman, Executive tor's food is supplied. Committee.

The pastor, while not a medical graduate, is widely read in medicine; RlLce Prejudice in Great Britain his father is a doctor of the old school, his brother a practitioner of the new. I NSPIRED by movements in the He keeps on hand simple medicines United States and South Africa, and ointments; has healed many mi- the Society of Friends in London has nor ailments and sent many serious instituted a "Joint Council to Promote cases to the Christian doctor in Kong- Understanding Between White and ju. He makes no charge for treat- Colored People in Great Britain," ments, thus avoiding any complications which is described in The Spectator (London) for February 14. "Among with government officials, and local its aims are the study of the misunpolice and government officials are derstandings arising from color prejamong his regular patients.-Chris- udice; an attempt to deal wisely with tian Advocate. cases of the 'color bar' as they arise, GENERAL the encouragement of personal con- tacts and the encouragement 'Of an ap- Association for Christian Cooperation preciation in Great Britain of the T HIS association will seek through contributions of colored people to hu- correspondence, exchange of visits, man welfare." lectureships, public forums, discussion The need for this organization in centers and by any other suitable Great Britain, with its 300,000,000 col- means to stimulate fellowship among ored subjects, is emphasized because those in the United States and other "color prejudice ……cannot be re- countries who are of like mind in the garded as the hallmark of civilization, desire to produce a Christian culture for some of the most civilized peoples with no circumscribed limits. No do not possess it. France has ap- elaborate or standardized organiza- pointed Diagne, a native of Senegal, tion is desired. Except for the modest to the post of Under-Secretary of State expense of maintaining a small office for the Colonies in M. Laval's Cabi- and conducting its meetings, the asso- net."

ciation will operate strictly on the "Much of the ill feeling toward basis of projects and in harmony with Great Britain in India today arises, the following principles: not from a sense of political griev- Projects will not be initiated or ad- ance, but from some personal slight, ministered by the Corporation. imagined or real. At a moment when Projects will be supported by the vot- we are straining every nerve to bring ing of a fixed total amount or by annual about a permanent understanding begrant for a fixed and usually limited tween the peoples of India and ourperiod. ·selves, based on friendship …… can we afford 'to send home (to India) No financial commitments shall be every year hundreds of embittered made unless funds shall have been pro- and disillusioned students, with nothvided in cash, negotiable paper or pledges from responsible Foundations.

The association is incorporated un- ing but unhappy memories of their der the laws of the State of Ohio. stay in England?' "

WORTH

SE3ll~ Any books mentioned in these columns wilt be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Young J. Allen, "the Man Who Seeded It affords a classified index to multi- China." By Warren A. Candler, D.D., farious needs, and gives striking evi- LL.D. 245 pp. $1.50. Cokesbury Press, dence of the many American agencies Nashville. 1!)31. now at work for the needy. "The Year Book is not an encyclopredia of Dr. Timothy Richard once said that social problems or social conditions; "the books of Allen have hurled the Chinese gods from their pedestals." it is a record of organized efforts in The record of this noble life, if con- the United States to deal with such densed and put into more modern problems. The problems themselves form, would win youth to. the great are discussed only to the extent that adventure. The style of thiS old fash- is necessary for an understanding of ioned missionary biography is apt to the forms of social work related to alienate the' sophisticated. In speak- them. No problem or social condition ing of Dr. Allen's oratorical powers is described unless some agency exists we have this sentence: "I searched for its control, prevention or study."

his eye, which was clear as his The topical articles which constitute thought, saw that once or twice dur- Part I are arranged alphabetically, ing the hour it was softened by a and there is a classified index under tear like a dew drop, held in its place such headings as Child Welfare, Menby the self-restraint of a kingly will." tal Hygiene, Health, Industry, Crime, Dr. Allen was distinguished for his Recreation, Church Social Work, etc. literary work which includes nearly The contributors have been carefully one hundred and fifty volumes, orig- selected but some of the articles are inal or translated. provokingly brief. In Part II we have He went out as a pioneer mission- a complete list of national agencies ary of the Southern Methodist Epis- engaged in social work, arranged al- copal Church, during the trying days phabetically and later classified under of reconstruction. He mastered the Protestant, Jewish, Roman Catholic, Chinese language and script, founded Y. M. C. A., etc. The article on Ima newspaper and engaged in evangel- migrants and Foreign Communities ism. In forty years of work, battling contributed by Edith Terry Bremer against ·superstition and idolatry, he is illuminating. All of the entries are is said to have had only a week's sick- accompanied by select bibliographies.

ness and then "he fell dead in his Altogether it is a work worthy of the harness," May 30, 1907. The book Russell Sage Foundation. S. M. Z.

contains some noble tributes from his.

fellow missionaries and an excellent The X Y Z of Communism. By Ethan T.

portrait. S. M. Z. Colton. Illustrated. 8 VO. 423 pp. $3.00. Macmillan. New York.

Social Work Year Book. By Fred S. Hall. The author is one of the secretaries 600 pp. $4.00. Russell Sage Founda- of the International Committee of the tion. New York. 1930. Y. M. C. A. and spent some years in Those interested in national mis- Russia. He has a vital message in sions or in the social uplift of the un- this volume which bears a striking fortunate and neglected in our country title. It represents an effort to make will welcome this excellent handbook. clear the results in Russia of the theo- 399

ries expounded in "The A. B. C. of of purpose, beside which our Chris- Communism," one of the propagandist tian missionary organizations seem documents is·sued by present-day Bol- feeble and lukewarm. The volume is shevists. After defining and describ- well documented, and contains a num- ing the "class war," the author ber of illustrations from the Soviet explains .the dictatorship of the pro- press. The Glossary is excellent but letariat of the industrial workers as the index is incomplete. The judg- an instrument for the conquest of so- ments expressed are sincere, well bal- ciety by Communism. He then shows anced, and convincing. Our conviction how this differs from all other forms is that the only hope for Russia is of socialism. Jesus Christ. S. M. Z.

But Russia has not attained a real "dictatorship of the proletariat." It The Good Earth. By Pearl S. Buck. 375 is ruled rather by a dictatorship of pp. $2.50. John Day Co. New York. the Communist party. Mr. Colton describes their principles, their aims, and 1931. their program. The First International (1864-1872), laid the founda- Many missionaries have written tions for Socialism. The Second good novels but it is not often that a International (begun in 1889 and still missionary's story is selected as "the continuing) was supplanted by the book of the month." This means a Third International (1919), which very large assured sale and a reading threw overboard all restrictions and by nonmissionary minded folk. proclaimed "the Communist Revolution can be victorious only as a World Mrs. Buck was herself a Presbytee Revolution." rian missionary in China and married Dr. J. Lossing Buck of Nanking Uni- Mr. Colton fearlessly describes the versity so that she has inhaled the effect of Communism on marriage and atmosphere of China that her novel breathes out. Her first novel "East Wind, West Wind" also deals with the home life, and the restrictions laid Chinese life and her interpretation of upon religious organizations. The her adopted country has been com- hostility to all religion proves that pared with that of Lafcardio Hearn the root of this hatred is not because for Japan.

of the "Orthodox Church," nor is it "The Good Earth" is not a mission- due to the hostility of the Jews. The ary story and on the surface seems purpose in the minds of the leaders unrelated to missions or to Christian- is to extirpate religion in every form. ity. It is a somewhat surprising novel Their own testimony to this effect is to come from a missionary's pen.

monotonously uniform and convincing. With great literary merit, a true to "Created and constituted to make ag- life Chinese atmosphere, a realism gressive and effective this aggregate that is sometimes raw, the story de- army of man, woman, and child-power scribes vividly the life of a Chinese for the eradication of religion, is the farmer who rises from deep poverty Society of the Militant Godless-the to wealth and at the same time sinks tireless, pitiless, presiding mind of from honest independence and simple the propaganda and the persecution. strength to self-indulgence and a slav- Its head is Yaroslavsky, Secretary of ery to material things. While the the Party Control Commission (the story is not altogether pleasant read- Inquisition of Communism), an in- ing it is of absorbing interest and strument of power second only to the deeply impresses both the strength Political Bureau of the Party and the and the weaknesses of Chinese char- O. G. P. U." This chapter is a star- acter and customs. Without pointing tling revelation of the effectiveness of a moral the picture here given shows an agency for the propagation of anti- vividly the need of the Chinese for Christian beliefs and practices; it the truth, the ideals, the joy and the shows an intensity of zeal and a unity power that come from Christ.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1931

BEVELLS ANN&aCI: '

AVOID THIS ~. MISFORTUNE LET YOUR GIFT "I know of no one more deserving to Foreign Missions of sympathy than a woman with limited I resources, without children to advise PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME her, without business experience, sud- denly left a widow and compelled to You can make a generoUS gift to foreign mis- settle an estate." sions and have a needed income for yourself and others from the money you give by the Who will be her advisor? Who will share her troubles and re- Annuity Gift Plan sponsibilities? Who will provide for her in case of This plan relieves you of uncertain ty and loss of principal? worry caused by changing va]ues of invested funds and assures you a fixed income of This can all be avoided by investing your savings in Annuity Agreement. 4t% to 9% per year of the Methodist Mission Boards. for the rest of your life For furilier illformation write: A reserve fund of over $1.500.000 guarantees MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board I the prompt payment of annuities to you.

of Foreign llissiolls of the Methodist Protect yourself against loss through unwise investments and at the same time E Yor,kl, _N'. YC.h,"cocrh. ISO Fl"h A"""" Ncw I help send the gospel to all the world.

W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of For .lull in/ormation wrz"te Erne.t F. Hall~ Secretary~ Dept. of Annuiti•• Home :Missions and Church ExtenslOn of the ~ ethochst Episcopal Church, 170 Arch BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS St, Philadelphia Pa. of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

156 Fifth Avenue. New York – – – – – – – —–~ ~ — PERSONALS School of Missions at Mount Hermon, THE REV. HERBERT F. LAFLAMME has California, has been reelected chairman recently become promotion secretary for and has plans under way for the next the New York area for The American school, July 4-11, which will be the Mission to Lepers. He will be associated .. ..'" twenty-fifth session of the school.

with the General Secretary, Mr. Wm. M. DR. S. H. CHESTER, for some years the Danner, with headquarters at 156 Fifth honored and beloved secretary of the Avenue. For eighteen years Mr. La- Executive Committee for Foreign Mis- flamme served as a Baptist missionary sions of the Presbyterian Church in the in India. For three and a half years United States, celebrated his eightieth he was Traveling Secretary for the Stu- birthday on January seventeenth at the dent Volunteer Movement for Foreign home of his daughter in Passaic, New Missions, for ten years he was one of Jersey. … … …

the Field Secretaries of the Laymen's Missionary Movement, and for the last DR. JOHN M. MOORE has resigned as general secretary of the Federal Counten years he has been Field Secretary cil in charge of the development of state and local federation. The direction of the Greater New York Federation of of these features of the Federal Council is now to be in the hands of Dr. Roy B. Churches. '" … Guild, with headquarters in Chicago.

Upon THE REV. DR. J. A. MOREHEAD, THE REV. AND* M*RS*. JONATHAN Go- president of the Executive Committee of FORTH, of China, have started back for their difficult field in Manchuria, leaving the Lutheran World Convention, the Toronto on December 26th.

King of Denmark and Iceland has be- THE REV. C. R*AN*KIN* BARNES, rector stowed knighthood in the Order of of St. James' Church, South Pasadena, Calif., has been elected assistant secre- Dannebrog. The honor was conferred tary of the Department of Christian So- cial Service of the National Council of for relief service in Europe as commis- the Protestant Episcopal Church, sioner of the National Lutheran Council and distinguished service to the churches and to the. nations through leadership in the Lutheran World Convention move- … … . ment.

MRS. W. E. CROUSER, who successfully guided the 1930 session of the Federate Please mention THE MISSIONARY RIIlVIIIlW OF THill WORLD In wrltlnl: to advertisers. Missionary Society J. P. BUNTER, B.A., L.L.B., of Poona, Workers and Members India, died on November 25th at the age of 58. He was a strong Christian and was WiliWeleome Government Pleader and Public Prose- cutor at Poona. Though a lawyer by This 8-Section 20-Lesson Course by profession, which involved great pres- sure of legal work, he took the keenest Rev. R. H. Grover, M. D., F. R. G. S. interest in Christian work, and for nearly 40 years was a pillar of strength O~p~~~le~r~a;w~i~~i°:tefi~~e~e~~;ma~3e O{aSl~ to the C. M. S. Church at Poona. He was a member of the All-India Council opportunities for further missionary effort~ of the National Missionary Society rep- What and how much of it can you conscientiously resenting the Bombay Presidency. His say that you know? zeal for the preaching of the Gospel was great and he found in the Bible the In every church, in every missionary society, whole inspiration of his devoted life and in the life and experience of every church worker worship. Last year he was chosen as -there comes a time when only specific facts wi]] the president of the Bombay Representserve. For these reasons this 20-Lesson Course ative Council of missions. One of the becomes living monuments of his self-sacrificing achievements is the development of an a Real Help and Inspiration to educational institution at Hadapsar, five Every Student 01 Missions miles from Poona, for the education of the agricultural classes. The Govern- Eager to know this Special Field ment recognized his merits and nomi- nated him a member of the Bombay If you are not alreadY enroJled 8S a Correspondence Legislative Council. In 1928 he was Student. why not start with this course of Home awarded the Kaiser-i-hind medal. Study with the view of becoming the missionary authority in your ch urch or foreign mission circle? By ** the MOOdy Bible lnstitute method YOU may acquire the necessary knowledge in the quiet privacy of your RAJA SIR HARNAM SINGH, K.C.I.E., own home through a c:ourse of inspiring. stimulating the veteran Indian Christian leader and home study lessons prepared by a leading authority. first president of the National Mission- ary Society of India, died last year. Especially suitable'for classes. Greatly reduced fees Born in a princely family his conversion for classes of ten or more. was romantic and entailed a stupen- dous sacrifice of power and prestige. Sign and mail the coupon below and let us send full Deeply interested in the welfare of the information concerning this training for Christian Indian Christian community, his maniworkers. fold activities reveal the greatness of the departed soul. He gave over half MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE a lakh of rupees for the benefit of Indian Christian scholars. The King recognized CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL the services of the Raja to the Empire by making him a K.C.I.E. He was a Dep. 4684-··153 In.tit.t. PllCe CHICAGO member of the Chamber of Princes, and was a Moderator of the General As- – – – I~h;~:i~~e~n:;i;::—– sembly of the United Church of India, North. I Dept. 4684. 153 Institute Place. Chicago. W. I Send me further particulars regarding your World ** I W[de Missions Course of Home Study. REV. WILLIAM EDWARD GOWARD, a I Name…. ……………………………………… missionary of the London Missionary Society, for over thirty years in Samoa L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I I Address………………………. ,…………… ,…………………………..~ , and the Gilbert Islands, died in Worth- ing, England, on February 16th. Mr. OBITUARY Goward was born at Market Har- borough in 1860, and went out to Samoa DR. EUGENE S. BOOTH, who went to in 1888. From 1899 until their retire- Japan in 1879, as a missionary of the ment in 1910 Mr. and Mrs. Goward Reformed Church in America, died in worked under the trying climatic and New York on February 9th. He was isolated conditions of the Gilbert Islands. born on August 16, 1850, in Trumbull, Their Central Trading Station at Rongo- Connecticut, and was graduated from Rongo was a model of order and organ- Rutgers College in 1876. For thirty ization, a settlement of 320 people with years he was President of Ferris Sem- neat houses, spacious church and school inary, Yokohama, retiring in 1922. buildings for the separate grades of students, printing and other workshops; ** boathouses, stores, and two airy houses for Europeans, exactly suited to the THE REV. S. B. ROBOLD, well-known breathless climate. principal of tbe Mount Carmel Bible School, Haifa, Palestine, died in February. He was a converted Hebrew and formed a wonderful link between Judaism and Christianity. For some years he supplied the notes on mission work among Jews for the REVlEW. Last January the Editor of the REVIEW and Mrs. Pierson visited Mr. and Mrs. Robold in Haifa and saw evidences of their remarkable work.

Plt~fise m('lltion 'rJ1E MISSIONARY REVlEW Oil' THE WORl.D in writing- to ailvertisel's. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD P)I;I.ALN I,. PIP:;RSON, Edltur CONTENTS-April, 1931 Cblaese Twice-Bora By Charles E. Scott Page Studies of spiritual tragedies and triumphs in the FHO.'TISPIECE ….•…•….•.••.••• 244 lives of Chinese Christians, by the author of WONDERS AlIIOl>G CASTE PEOPLE .. · . . • . . . . • . • . • • • CHARI,ES -V. POSNETT 245 "China from Within." $1.50 A HEVIVAL IN HYDERABAD •.•••••• Gods 01 Wealth aad War • ••••••••••••••• CHARLES R. MANLEY 249 By James Livingstone Stewart TRENDS IN TIlE NON-CHRISTIAN WORLD •..•.•… SAMUEL M. ZWEMEB 251 A tale of Modern China by the author of "The lIAS CHRISTIANITY CHANGED? …•. Laughing Buddha." Grim, gripping, romantic, • •••••.••.••.•.•.•• "'". Y. l!""ULLERTON 251 yet over ninety per cent history. $2,00 PRAYER AND COOPERATION IN CHINA ……………. C. Y. CHENG 259 A UNITED CHURCH IN PUERTO RICO Korea: Tbe Old aad the New • •…•.. }l'REI)ERICK LESLIE BaOWNJ..EE 263 'fnE TRAGEDY OF THE INDIAN STU- DENTS ………..•.•……..••••• 266 YOUNG PEOPLE AND THE CHURCH •• By Ellasue Wagner ……………• : …• RALPH McAFEE 267 HOW GIVE THE GOSPEl, TO MOSLEMS A picture of present-day Korea in a day of radi- •….•••••.. 111. A. QAYYUM DASKAWIE 270 cal change and transition, including a study of A GLDIPSE OF HAMLET LIFE IN Il>DIA . . . • . . . . • . • • . JAMES 111. BAKER 273 the heritage of the past, and the problem of ~'HE CRISIS IN PALESTINE •.••••••.• Korea's future. Illustrated, $1.50 …………………. S. B. ROHOLP 276 Alrican Stories IlELIGIOUS INTERESTS IN JAPAN .. By Albert D. Helser, M.A .. • •••••••••••••••••• GORDON CHAPMAN 279 Introduction by Franz Boas, Columbia University TOPICS OF THE TIMES ••••••.••.••• 281 Upwards of eighty stories dealing with every "'HY NOT MORE PROGRESS? conceivable phase of native life and culture ']~HE BATTLE AGAINST CHRIST among the Buras of Northeastern Nigeria.

THE VORLD AND THE REVIEW Illustrated. $1.75 METHODS FOR WORKERS .•..••.••• Where Day Dawns · . . . . . . EDITED HY MRS. ~'. I. JOHNSON 285 A Japanese Reader WOMAN'S HO~fE AND FOIlEIGN BUL- LETIN …•…•..••.••.•..•.•••••• 292 By Maude Whitmore Madden WO)(LD·WIDE OUTLOOK .•….••.•.. 298 nOOKS WORTH READING……….. 311 TER.MS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In clubs of Author of "Young Hearts in Old Japan" five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, Stories, legends, poem. old and new, scraps of 25 cents. Published montbly. ~opyrlgbted. verse. proverbs. translations and ancient folk lore concerning the Sunri.e Kingdom. 1931, by lIrSSIONARY REVIEW PUBL.ISHING COM- PANY, I~c. All rights reserved. 'f> Illustrated, $1.50 The Pool "1 Sacrilice THE MISSIONARY REVIEW. PUBLISHING A story of Central America CO;);IPANY, INc. By Josephine Hope Westervelt UOHERT E. SPEER, President 'V'lLLIAlI I. CHAM8ERLAIN, Vice-PreBident The young adventurers of Mr.. Westervelt's DELAVAN L. PIERSON, SecretMY story make their way through almost impene- VALTER McDOUGALL, TrefUlurer trable jungles and along swampy trails to meet Puhlication OID.ce, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa.. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. up with thrilling experiences. $1.50 Editorial and Business Olllce, 156 Fiftb Avenue, FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY New York City New York: 158 Fifth Avenue Entered as second·claBs matter at tbe Post 01Hee, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of l!rfarch Chicago: 851 Cass Street 3, 1879.

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CASTE GlRLS ARE CARRIED 'I'O SCHOOL IN NOR'l'H

They are taken into the Dlission school compound in this closely covered, improvised sedan chair, that no mun may sce their faces by NORTH INDIA MISSION SCHOOL GIRLS WITH THEIR WRITING TABLE'l'S

LIV, No.4 April,1931

THE MISSIONARY %eWO..-~ WONDERS AMONG CASTE PEOPLE BY REV. CHARLES W. POSNETT, Medak, Nizam's Dominions, India Mi88ionary of the lVe81eyan Methodfst Mi88iQnaru Society} 1899- PERSECUTION is very bitter it, but the villagers united together here, but on the whole it is less and dug another well, and u'ntil determined. Our people have that was ready they fetched water been dragged' to the courts time from a lake where all the cattle after time and have lost time and drink and wallow, where clothes money and much of their harvest are washed and the holy Brahmins by the bitter persecution of the vil- always bathe, wash their teeth and lage chiefs. Still, their patience then drink. Everywhere I am try- and courage is winning. One chief ing to persuade them to dig wells stopped the road by cutting down so that they may have a pure water trees across the public way thus supply and escape the scourge of hoping to stop my coming to his plague .and cholera and smallpox village. They hate the idea of the which are constantly breaking out people becoming Christians because in the villages of Hyderabad. These they know that it means that the stagnant lakes which are found day of injustice and forced labor near every village are a constant and cruelty will have to pass away. danger as long as the people use In another village, where people this foul water for drinking.

are determined to be baptised and One of our best men, John, has where they beg for a teacher, the taken charge of a new village called village chief had one of the elders Lakmashantha. He and his wife put in prison on some paltry and children are living in one little charge. The charge was dismissed, tiny grass hut, 9 feet wide by 12 but he was kept in prison waiting feet long, as big as an English scul- for trial eleven days on account of lery, in terrible heat. We have holidays. In such ways these ene- neither a house or a well for them, mies try to do everything to dis- and every day he fetches water courage young beginners but they half a mile from the village lake.

have not succeeded. In this very 1. am amazed at the bravery and village our evangelist has been patience of John and his wife. The given part of the house of one of walls are full of holes where snakes the caste people in spite of all the and scorpions abound. This little threats of the village chief. shed gets full of mosquitoes and In another village the chief hat! other insects and it is hard for the polluted the caste well so that our children to sleep in this hot weath- would-be Christians could not use er. No wonder they have been iII.

245

Surely the patience and the brav- and inspired them to keep themery of such men and women puts selves and their homes clean. She us all to shame. was determined to teach them the stories of Jesus. She proposed that In Khanapur the hatred and op- they should act the story of the five position of the village chief was Virgins but their husbands said, very bitter. At last we were given "You are not dancing girls to do a small grass thatched shed belong- this sort of thing." Ruth was not ing to one of the caste enquirers. to be beaten and said, "I will do it Benjamin had only been there a with you and we will act it tofew days, and when he went out gether, and then your husbands early in the morning to bathe and will say nothing if I am doing it returned he found all his boxes, also." Last week we saw these clothes and everything put out on women telling the story of the Virthe road and the whole of his little gins. They had ten improvised hut had been pulled down to the torches and they had brought their ground. This village is so far away own little brass vessels, five of them that the hands of the Government had oil and five of them none. The are not strong. Many would have whole village gathered to see them given up in despair but this man tell the story and it was a perfect is holding 'on and making friends. joy. They were so clean and so changed in appearance. They evi- I was greatly cheered with some dently love and adore Ruth. The of the village women. Wherever story was simple and they had we have a good evangelist's wife made everything with their own hands. The whole village followed there the women are clean and the story with breathless interest. eager for service and gather every I was delighted because I feel that night at the evangelist's house. One we must get hold of the women of of our best teachers, called Rat- these caste villages, otherwise they nam, had been teaching her women will never cease from secret longto make their children's clothes. ing after idolatry. We must get They prepared the thread and then them out of their zenana homes and they engage the village tailor to get them accustomed to taking part make the little garments. Ratnam in services. Ruth's example has beis one of the best of our teachers, come an inspiration to all the Bible she gets all the women together women in the District. while they are making thread from the cotton flowers with their The other day one of our pastor's little hand machines and she teach- wives was taken ill, and though she es them stories. The elders were was well known as an outcaste eager and the women learned a lot woman by birth, the caste women about the life of Christ. We have of the village came and cooked for an old Brahmin in this village, her and cleaned up her house. What who is also an eager Christian, and a miracle this is! It is the more is not ashamed to have the out- wonderful because 30 years she castes come to a prayer meeting in was a devil priestess, standing his house. naked on the streets of that very village, her hair had never been Another of our best women, washed or cut or combed. She had called Ruth, is doing wonders in such a beautiful face that my sister Sonipet. She found the women most indifferent and dirty, but by kindness she won them to her home

llJ31] WONDERS AMONG CASTE PEOPLE

could not bear to think of her be- until I promised to send them an coming a public prostitute and evangelist. They told me they had devil priestess, and we rescued her. been ten times to Nirmal to plead Now she is the minister's wife in with our Indian minister but he that village and the caste people had neither the man nor the money love her enough to come and cook to send one.

for her. Testimonies of Caste Hindus At our Summer School for Caste Hindus in Medak, we planned to One of the remarkable features receive 250, but every day mes- of our meetings has been the testi- sages came that more were begging monies of these Caste Hindus.

to come. On Thursday they were (1) Narsimha Rao John is the coming all through the night, and village chief of Adivi KowtIa. It is at the opening service on Friday seven years ago since I baptised a morning there were 640 Caste Hin- few families of caste and outcastes dus-men and women from all over in that village. At the baptism Hyderabad. Many were already service in the river, this old chief baptised, but about 250 were still came to watch. While I was exhesitating on the brink of decision. amining them he listened carefully, They had learned a good deal about Christ and many had been giving and when they vowed their lives regularly to the Church, but the to Christ I asked him what he final public confession stood in the thought. He hesitated and then way. They came to hear more Df said, "They are doing right, your Jesus, and during that first service Jesus is the true God." I never they behaved as if they had been thought this man would himself accustomed to reverent public wor- soon come to the feet of our Lord. ship for years. It is almost unbe- Three years· ago he came to the lievable that all these caste people, Summer School, and begged for baptism. In our Church he stood who twenty years ago would not up before them all and said, "I have even come into our compound be- searched all the Hindu holy books, cause it was the home of "out- but there is no story in the world castes" and who would not drink like the story of Yesu Swami and the water from our wells because I am going to give my life to Him." outcastes were drawing water. Now they stayed with us, drank For three years he has been one our water and ate the food that of our most enthusiastic voluntary was prepared for them. It is a evangelists. Wherever he has gone miracle when you think of the posi- he has witnessed for His Master. This year he came again, and tion only five years ago. standing up before the whole Another remarkable feature of crowd he said, "No pressure from this Summer School is that no less the missionaries or from the Indian than 70 women turned up having padries would ever have made me walked 30, 40 and even 60 miles to be baptised, but I 'tasted' Jesus to the station, and many of them in my heart and the sweetness of having paid their own fare on the His 'taste' filled my whole life. Now railway. One band of men came wherever I am I feel the 'taste' of 135 miles begging for a teacher. Jesus and I must tell everyone They had heard of the Summer about Him."

School and they would not leave (2) Samuel Veeriah is a young

man who comes from Siddipett, ing that they could cure his daughwhich is the hardest and most un- ter, and every time she was taken fruitful ground in the District. He ill they tried to come into his house had read the life of Sadhu Sunder to cure her, but he would not al- Singh and the Gospels, and though low them to cross his door step. He he was the son of a village chief called the village evangelist and he could not resist the call of they prayed with the girl. At last Christ, and for months he has been she is better, and he brought her telling his family that he must be- and her mother with him to the come a Christian. He has been Summer School. On Sunday mornturned out of his home and has lost ing they knelt together and were everything, but he stood up and baptised into the name of Jesus. said, "Though they have turned me For a year past, though he was not from my home and though I have baptised he has been giving this lost all my relatives I could not brave witness and we felt no hesibear to lose Jesus." His sincerity tation in giving him baptism. has been so well proved that I could not resist his appeal for bap- Gumeralla, the Tiger's Village tism, and on Sunday morning he brought with him ten young men The fight with the Tiger is over whom he has been leading for and I have received the final judgmonths, and all of them openly con- ment of the Prime Minister. In fessed Jesus and were baptised. this the Tiger is told that his posi- What this will mean to Siddipett no tion of village chief is taken away one can tell. It is the most hopeful and that never again will he be althing that has happened there in lowed to exercise any authority in the 35 years that I have been in this village. We had hoped that India. I cannot help believing that some of the land that he has stolen this is going to be the beginning would be returned to our people, of a great movement towards but it would have been such a long- Christ among the caste Hindus of and costly process to secure this judgment that we gave it up. He Siddipett. has fought us in every court and has spent at least £2,000 in the (3) Rajanna Abraham, of EI- fight. It has been a terrible strain lukatoor, was baptised a year ago and anxiety for nearly three years, and has had to pay a terrible price but at last it is settled and we for his confession. He has been thank God. The Government has dragged to the court and persecut- appointed a Christian villager to be chief in his place and this man and ed, his land has been stolen and his Christian wife came to our everything has been done to make Summer School and stood up and testified saying, "From the day him turn back from the narrow that I gave my heart to Jesus I path. He stood up and said, "They have been full of happiness and can take my land, my home and all now though I do not want this posithat I have, they can tear my flesh tion I am glad to serve my Master from my bones, but they shall in Gumeralla and I want to be a never tear me away from Jesus." servant of my Lord."

(4) Peter, of Kondapuram, gave The Sunday morning service was a beautiful testimony. His daugh- one that everyone will remember. ter had been suffering from fits. The village sorcerers and magicians constantly worried him say-

A REVIVAL IN HYDERABAD

There were a thousand people pres- little Indian drums and violin. ent, and of the newcomers 140 Everyone held the sugar and coheads of families had given in coanut in his hand until all were their names for baptism. They ready, and the elders had come were all men whom we could trust, back and stood before the communmen who had been long prepared ion rail putting down their trays but had hesitated over the final con- and each one taking a little sugar fession. During these days of wait- and cocoanut for himself. Then ing upon God they had heard His the whole congregation repeating voice and they confessed one after after me said, "Lord Jesus, I take another that they had seen Jesus this food in memory of Thy love to and wanted to give their lives to me." And all quietly ate the sugar Him. After the baptisms a hundred and cocoanut while our singers people came up to the communion sang again. In a few moments one rail bringing their offerings, the to- of our Indian ministers started the tal value of which was about £10. hymn of triumph "Victory, victory, victory to Jesus, Hallelujah," and At the conclusion of the service at the end of each verse he cried we started the Great Indian Love "Yesu Swami, glory be to Thee," Feast. The elders from each section and.the whole congregation lifting brought up trays of sugar and their hands shouted, "Glory to God broken cocoanut which they had in the highest." It was a wonderalready prepared and cut into small ful triumph, and no one who ever pieces. These were publicly blessed, saw and heard will forget it. God and then they went round to dis- has been wonderfully near us and tribute to the thousand people in indeed those last words are what the congregation. While it was we are all feeling, "Glory to God in going on we had some beautiful the highest." Indian music-a singer and the A REVIVAL IN HYDERABAD FOR some time Dr. and Mrs. they themselves had found in Manley, of the American Bap- Jesus. tist Mission, have been praying for a revival in Hanamakonda, "From Saturday to Wednesday Hyderabad. C. H. Bhanamurti, of the subject was sin, its consethe Cocanada Theological Semina- quences, repentance, and confesry and Mr. Prakasham, pastor of sion. Burdened hearts were laid the J agannaikapuram Church, held bare before the Lord day by day. a series of meetings for a week, Joy and peace Christ brought to with the workers and the church their hearts. Thursday was largely members. Pastor Mathews of Bim- given up to experience and confeslipatam Church and Rev. E.L. sion. The Spirit of God moved us Quirk also held a series of meet- to make confessions. On Friday ings lasting ten days. and Saturday consecration meet- ings were held, leading us to sur- Emphasis was laid on the fact render completely to the Lord. that the missionaries had come to Friday morning's meeting ended share with the Christians of what with the phenomenon common to

many revival meetings in India, in sin that they had lost the con- when all were praying at once, sciousness of it. In many cases pouring out their sins before God. the confessions were startling, yet On Saturday, only one meeting they were followed by making was held. All were expectant. amends and restitution.

Large numbers had been cleansed "From two standpoints, we have and awaited the infilling of the not seen the like of this revival be- Holy Spirit. There was a dead fore. In the first place, the grip silence, a pause, a waiting. The of sin was so tremendous, and the people were still unsatisfied. It confessions in consequence were must have been a time of further startling. From the grip of sin, heart searching. In the middle of they emerged into the light and the night, Dr. Manley was awak- freedom of Jesus. Secondly, the ened by some one on the compound, settling of quarrels and misunder- praying in agony. standings was on an enormous "The Sunday morning meeting scale, and the consequent love and we shall never forget. After short fellowship which followed was a addresses, the meeting was thrown great joy. We thank the Lord for open. At eight o'clock the meeting this great experience, and for the started. For hours one person fol- newfound friends and blood-rel- lowed another in quick succession; atives in Christ in that place, and arising, going to those whom they the love that they poured out."

had wronged, they begged forgive- ERIC L. QUIRK. ness, many with tears streaming The work of revival has just bedown their faces. At one o'clock, we saw that we would yet have gun and we believe that as each hours to wait, and so we asked worker goes into his own village those who still wished to ask par- again he will take the fire of the don of their brethren to arise and Holy Spirit with him and that that do so without waiting one for the fire will burn down barriers and other. For ten minutes there was obstacles that have held back the confusion, and then – "Victory, work of Christ in this field for Victory, Hallelujah t" poured forth many years and that we will have from two hundred throats. The a great general revival throughout Holy Spirit had come to reign. the whole field.

"Sunday afternoon, twenty-three In order to get folks to work at were baptized in Hanamakonda, once, and thus keep what they and the Lord's Supper was cele- have gained, we have gathered brated. them together in groups and have "In the past many Indian Chris- formed Sunday-schools in three tians have failed to appreciate and near-by places. We have plans for to understand missionary motives, four more Sunday-schools as fast yet fundamentally the difficulty as it is practical to establish them.

Was their own sin. Once that was We missionaries feel that no one cleansed the way was paved for received a greater blessing through the clearing up of misunderstand- these revival services than we did.

ings which had accumulated for a God make us worthy stewards for long time. There was an extraor- the great work He has entrusted dinary condition prevailing. In to us here.

many cases the people were so deep CHARLES R. MANLEY.

IN THE NON-CHRISTIAN

BY THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Princeton, N. J.

E di tor of til e Mod em l1'oda .WHAT ails India, China, Per- This is typical of the situation in sia, Egypt, Turkey, and the non-Christian world. The times Arabia? Economic, social, are out of joint, as is evident from political and intellectual move- the newspapers. There is great ments are stirring the peoples of spiritual unrest, as is revealed these lands and there probably never was a time when currents of thought ran so swiftly and in such opposite di- rections. A whirlpool of conflicting ideas and ideals, a strange medley of tendencies tow a r d syncretism, ' agnosticism or hero-worship.

There is a story about an obscure character, Micha, in the book of Judges, which affords an illustration, if not a parallel, to the present situation in Asia and North Africa. That an- cient day, too, was a time of transition; political, social and moral 1ife were deeply disturbed.

The story occurs in one of the most barbaric chapters of the book and tells of murder, arson, kidnapping, a n arc h y, idolatry. "In those days there was no king in Israel." Micah explains his desperate plight. He has lost his gods; he has T IIlD NE W INDIAN NATIONAL 'l'lUNITY lost his priest; he has (For e:JJpl""ation Bee pago ~55) lost his faith; "Ye have taken away my gods which I made from the missionary reports. One and the priest and are going away, hesitates to attempt any< interpre- and what have I more? And how tation. But a master-missionary, then say ye unto me, What aileth Dr. Edwards, the editor of Dnya- thee?" nodaya, the leading Marathi Chris- 251

tian weekly of West India, says: system of the Devadasis against (October 23, 1930) "There are which Indian reformers are so three strands one can pick up out ceaselessly making their construc- of the tangled skein: The current tive protest. Hinduism may be in idealization of Hinduism; the external revival by its building of growing revolt against the idea of new temples for the untouchables, God; and the exalting of politics but inwardly it is marked either by and patriotism into a religion." decay or borrowing from other These three currents or trends faiths.

are found not only in India but in "The other characteristic mark- China, and in the Near East. The ing what we have called the ideal.

idealization of the old religions by izing going on in present-day Hin- efforts at reform or rehabilitation; duism is the marvellous power of the exaltation of nationalism into assimilation Hinduism displays in a new religion, in which patriotism relation to truth, by its being able becomes hero-worship; the repu- to absorb Christian principles up diation of all religion as mere folly to a certain point and shedding the and superstition-all three of these remainder like a snake shedding trends are due directly or indirect- its skin. Indeed, so great is the ly to the impact of the West (its power of Hinduism to absorb from missions and its secularism) on the other faiths and yet to remain Hin- East. The disintegration of the old duism at the core that we need to religious life manifests itself in be on our guard against this par- these three ways everywhere. The ticular Hindu tendency which is all tragedy of the situation is that all the more dangerous, because so of them seem to lead away from flattering to those systems from Christ-the Christ of the Indian which it borrows."

road and of every road. The peril of syncretism, especial- 1. The Idealization of the Old ly in South India, is real. In North Religions. "When we speak of the India, Islam and converts from idealization of Hinduism," says Dr. Islam act as a strong bulwark for Edwards, "we are largely thinking theism, but in South India the of the educated section of India. leaven of Pantheism can with dif- This idealization is marked by a ficulty be kept out even from Chris- double characteristic; the first is tian thought and life. This present- what the late Dr. Farquhar meant day idealization of Hinduism is when he spoke of an outward re- evident in rose-colored views of vival of modern Hinduism accom- caste, and the repudiation of its panied by a deepening internal de- evil influence, in a growing defense cay. None who studies modern of idolatry, as mere symbolism, and Hinduism can have any doubt, in putting Krishna on a parallel either about the external revival as with Christ as one of the world's seen in the observing of all festi- Saviours. Some Hindu writers vals with a punctiliousness which compare the Bhagavadgita with the only Hindus can show, or about the New Testament and profess to find internal decay which is spreading better and higher teaching in the like a canker to every part of the former book. In Islam there are Hindu system: to mention only nne evidences of the game general tend- feature, for example, the foul ency to idealize. It began with abomination represented by the Seyyid Amir Ali's life of Moham-

TRENDS IN THE NON-CHRISTIAN WORLD

med and received impetus from the into new tongues. These transla- Western apologists for Islam or Lions are not free from idealizatioll perverts to Islam, Sheldrake, Lord for they de-code the original into Headley, Pickthall, and the latest terms suitable for the present state convert Philby. The unscrupulous of society and eliminate the blots efforts of the Ahmadiya Movement that stain the life and character of in Qadian, Lahore and London have the founder of Islam. Compare the broadcasted and emphasized all recent translations by Mohammed that could be gleaned from these Ali, Sarwar and Pickthall. They writers. Islam, they say, never go so far as to praise Mohammed used the sword, save in self-de- as the champion of women's rights, fense. They claim that it is the re- to assert that he was a monogamist ligion of peace and good-will, of and that toleration was the chief tolerance and brotherhood; that characteristic of early Islam! One Mohammed's character and life could give similar instances of at- were ideal in every respect. In a tempts to idealize Shintoism and recent review of Lippman's Pref- Buddhism, from Japan and China.

ace to Morals, an aducated Moslem Everywhere the non-Christian says: "Jesus, the center of West- world is super-sensitive to any ern religion'is revealed in the avail- criticism of heathen idolatry or able records of his life, as only a ethics.

partial embodiment of human II. The Repudiation of All Re- ideals. A good character, no doubt, ligion. This is shown in the drift but one which fails to exhibit the toward atheism, secularism and perfection of which the multifari- humanism. The Jerusalem Council ous capacities of man are capable. Meeting recognized the serious and It is certain that philosophy cannot widespread character of this drift save morality. If it could, our in its deliberations and findings.

civilization would have solved its Our godless civilization and the moral problems long ago. Only re- neo-Paganism of the West is win- ligion can. And religion itself ning disciples in the East. The would fail to do so except in so atheistic or materialistic philos- far as it can offer a human ex- ophies of Europe and America have emplar who embraces in his per- captivated many of the educated fection one and all the different classes. Russian Communism has sides of human nature; who tow- extended to all lands. The fool no ers above all others yet strikes longer says only in his heart, there everybody as his kith and kin- is no God,-he shouts it on the only such a religion can save mo- radio.

rality. Nowhere but in the person Take India as an example: of the Holy Founder of Islam do "Early in 1928 Dr. Paranjpye, of we have a historic and human ex- Poona, a distinguished member of ample of this ideal character." the India Council in London, speak- ANew Portrait of Mohammed ing to Indian students in London, advised them to 'relegate religion They then proceed to paint a new to the scrap heap.' The new po- portrait of Mohammed with colors litical Constitution for India draft- taken from a Christian paint-box. ed by Pandit Motilal Nehru, and The Koran is called "Holy" and so- accepted by a Convention of all the cieties are formed to translate it political parties in January, 1929,

aims at a secular state, and puts the proofs of the existence of one religion outside the concern of the God, but this was done in order to State. 'Pandit Jawaharial Nehru dhlcover if I knew the proofs given openly stated that India's greatest in the Moslem textbooks or to let "enemy was religion," and that the student proclaim them to me.

their aim must be "to free India Now one meets young men who ask from religion." '* proof of the existence of God be- "In the autumn of 1928 a weekly cause they personally have no con- paper was started in South India, viction of it themselves."

bearing the title Revolt, one of its III. The Exaltation of Nationalacknowledged tenets being rank ism and Patriotism into aNew Reatheism. During the summer of ligion. This third tendency is very 1928 a discussion took place in the old. When paganism was disinte- Bombay University Senate con- grating in Rome, Emperor-worship cerning a resolution on 'the advis- began. In Japan we have a close ability of inculcating a theistic at- parallel in the latest development titude' in university education. of Shintoism. "Nature-worship The resolution was passed by twen- married to the worship of the Imty-three votes to seventeen, but a perial House." The Japanese are great storm burst the Indian press. taught at school that their reign- One leading Indian educationist de- ing Emperor is the direct descendscribed the resolution as 'sheer ant of the sun-goddess. Patriotism perverseness' and an 'exhibition of has become religion. In India imbecility.' Another wrote: 'The "Gandhi-worship," is almost a naexiled God is to be smuggled back tional cult. In Turkey, Mustapha to His throne, and our young men Kemal has received his apotheosis and women are to be inoculated as the creator of a new nation, and with strong doses of the "divine," , Zaglool Pasha in Egypt is the idol though 'it has been the proud priv- of those who worship only at the ilege of man to fight against that shrine of nationalism. There is baneful thing called God'; and, good in nationalism, no doubt, but roost significantly of all, he added: there is also the possibility of evil. 'We Indians have had too much of Nationalism and hero-worship canreligion, too much of God, and too not satisfy the human heart as a much of futile philosophy; that ac- substitute for religion. The latest counts for our position today as a illustration of this tendency is Inbankrupt nation.' " dia. Islam also is suffering from this An American missionary writes: leaven of the Sadducees. The stu- (Dnyanodaya, Nov. 6, 1930). "In dents at the universities of Bei- a copy of the Bombay Chronicle rut, Cairo, and Constantinople af- there appeared on the front page ford an illustration. The sons of some weeks ago a full-page illusfathers who were fanatic Moslems tration of the Hindu idol, Ganesch, are now asking; is there a God? or Ganpati. The image was of an Have we need of prayer? Is life elephant-headed man with four beyond the grave more than a pious hands, and always represented as dream? A missionary from Tuni- riding on a mouse, which was sia says: "I used to be asked for mythologically correct. In this case * Dr. J. F. Edwards-",]~he Foreign Ficld"- the idol was shown seated On a Non (the British Lion, of course, MaYt Hl30.

which scowled awfully), while a stripes, white, green and red, with Gandhi cap surmounted the head a handloom across the center), and of the elephant." He goes on to with the other hand holding the say: "But the most surprising evi- tuft of cotton from which the dence of the present attempt to thread passes in front of the group enlist the Hindu religion for the to the elder Nehru. Here is an Rake of political ends has been a amazing attempt to ring to the supnew 'Trinity,'* that has been cre- port of the political struggle for ated by some Hindu leaders. 'A few independence even so sacred a matdays after my return to India there ter as the Christian conception of was handed to me the picture of a the Trinity." three-headed man, with only one body. When I looked at the face The Situation in China that confronted me, I instantly recognized Gandhiji's portrait, The situation in China is dewhile to the left is the face of the scribed by T. C. Chao in The Chielder Nehru (Motilal) and to the nese RecoTdeT (Nov., 1930) ; "Reliright that of the younger Nehru gion in China may be considered at (Jawaharlal) . Underneath I read its lowest ebb today. Of the three in amazement, 'National Trinity.' traditional religions none is virile Under that I found the words, today. Taoism has suffered the 'Father, SOill and Holy Spirit,' most crushing defeat." Buddhism while the third line read 'Motilal is still active, yet we can almost say Nehru, Mahatma Gandhi, Jawa- that China is today a nation withharlal Nehru.' At the bottom is out a religion. The Nationalist the date, July, 1930. All this was Party has adopted as its slogan "to in the leading vernacular of West- govern the nation by the party," ern India, Marathi. Looking once therefore the party has the power more at the picture you note the to do anything it pleases. But no sacred cow standing behind this matter how this works out, it seems 'Trinity,' and on it written 'Moth- to some people that a nation should er India.' Four dogs guard this have some religion. At least it group, each with a label on the col- should have a faith which could lar: Boycott, Liquor, Forest, Salt. take the place of religion. Perhaps it is due to this fact, namely the The last three referred of course necessity of creating a new nationto the exhortation to break the gov- al soul, that all organizations and ernment laws relating to these. The institutions are required to observe elder Nehru (Father) holds a sa- the civic "eremony prescribed by cred conch shell, used in Hindu the party at all their formal meettemple-worship, in one hand and a ings, to bow three times before the distaff in the other. In the center picture of Dr. Sun Yat Sen and the is Gandhiji (Holy Spirit!!) who, national and party standards, read with spectacles on, and the sacred the last testament of Dr. Sun and marks of Hinduism on the fore- remain standing in silence for head, stands on wooden sandals, his three minutes. The Nationalist hands folded in adoration. On the Party claims that the authority of right is the younger Nehru (Son), the party is above everything else with one hand supporting the na- in the nation. Therefore, the party tionalist flag (three horizontal is above the nation and the party is above religion and above God! * ~p-e illustration page 251.

Aut Czsar aut Nullus. That is of the Third International, nor by the re:mlt. "We have no king but the road of violent Nationalism will Clesar!" Was foIlawed by the cry: Asia come to true life and liberty "Crucify Him, crucify Him." Not and power ;-but through Christ through any revival of old idola- and the little wicket-gate of repenttries and religions, not by the way ance that leads to Calvary.

ONE LIFE IN SOUTH AFRICA Elizabeth Hepburn, for Sixty Years a Missionary of the L. M. S.

SITTING in a Bulawayo garden, enjoying the warmth of the sun, I have time to think. I see the constant traffic in the streets, motor cars, steam rollers and troIleys, cycles, motor cycles, and hundreds of Matebele youths hurrying to and from their work.

Memory carries me back to the time (not very long ago) when the older brothers and fathers of these youths might have been sitting round Lobengula's courtyard-eat- ing, and drinking beer. They were eagerly waiting to know the Chief's orders, to watch where his spear would be thrown, in what direc- tion-when they would clutch their spears and assagais and with hell- ish shouts start off on the devil's work-making for a little kraal or village-killing the men, and the old people, gathering the young women and children and returning MRS. J. D. HEPBURN to Lobengula for his approval.

I remembered how in Shoshong, the constant progress of the glor- King Khama's country, the dread ious Gospel of Christ through of a vistation from the Matebele Africa and the part our Society has soldiers caused us and our Bam- had in it all, cause tears of grati- angwato people sleepless nights. tude to flow, and I thank Him for During my life in Africa I have the part which He had permitted seen miracles. When we arrived my husband and myself to share in Bechuanaland there was on the in it.

map one mission–our Society's We had the pleasure of helping station at Inyati. On the map to- the Coillards to reach the Zambezi day North and South Rhodesia are -Barotseland-Fred A r not to almost covered with mission sta- reach the Mashukulumbi – and tions. As I go back in thought to ourselves the Lake Ngami people.

1870, the wonderful change and -The Chronicle of the L. M. S.

CHRISTIANITY CHANGED'?

BY THE REV. W. Y. FULLERTON, D.D.

"H Secr('tnrll of the BaptfRt Mi,..ionar1! SOcietv, London AS the mission, the mes- evangelize it, and to find God's sage, the aim, and the pow- scattered "sheep" in its midst. If er of Christianity changed we apprehend that, it will save us in the past nineteen centuries?" from the idea that we must "not go In trying to answer these ques- to the heathen abroad because there tions we must first seek to establish are heathen at home." We may in- what these were in the beginning. deed, and must, seek to Christian- Even then we shall need to be care- ize a nation, but we cannot hope to ful for we are outside other ages convert it. While we plant the and are within our own, and it is Church, like a tree, in any country, impossible to compare an exterior the Gospel will of itself also work with an interior. quickly as leaven, changing the But the mission, the message, whole people. But our business is and the aim of the Gospel have to separate a people from among been quite clear all along the ages. the nation that shall be as distinct, Before we compare them let us see that, like the people in Antioch, it what they were at the start. By the will be necessary to find a new term Christianity we mean the re- name for them, and call them ligion of Jesus Christ as set forth "Christian." In China they debated in the New Testament, not all that whether they should seek to estab- goes by the name today. lish a National Church, and they The mission of Christianity was saw it would not do, but they sang to spread the revelation of Himself the doxology when they hit upon that God gave through Jesus the term "nation-wide" to express Christ; to let all men see the mys- their purpose. It is now as at the tery that had been hid from the be- beginning.

ginning that the Gentiles should be The message of Christianity at fellow heirs with Israel and "of the beginning is set forth by the the same body and partakers of his , Apostles to the Gentiles in 1 Corin- promise in Christ by the Gospel." thians XV. He tells us the things Paul fought the battle in Jerusalem on which all the Apostles were and saved Christianity from being agreed, things that were also ac- merely a Jewish sect, and the cording to the Scriptures which Church at Jerusalem discovered they had in their hands. All of and declared that the world-wide them were related to Christ-He appeal of the Gospel was no after- died, was buried, rose from the thought on God's part, for James, dead. Of this there is abundant evi- as its spokesman, said that, "It was dence, and this is how the grace of God's original concern to visit the God reaches sinful men. "That is Gentiles and to take out of them a what we preached," he says, "and people for His name." that is what we believed." So, evi- That is still the mission of Chris- dently, the saving grace of God de- tianity. It is still Eclectic; our pends on our faith, and quite as task is not to win a nation but to evidently it is possible for us to 2 257

get away from that faith to "an- a people for the Name, its aim is other gospel," which is not an- that "those who name the Name other; for to the Corinthians he should depart from all iniquity."

puts their belief in the past tense The holy God desires sainthood.

-"ye believed." The faith of Christ all along the Have we drifted from that faith ages has been both ethical and today? Each man must answer for philanthropic. Christ saves people himself. Dr. MacEwen put the an- from themselves as well as from swer for the church in memorable the world and the devil. And the words at the Edinburgh Mission- more saints there are in a com- ary Conference when he said, "If munity, the higher will be the level in any mind the thought arises that of all life. That the principles of our faith is not the same as the Christ should be applied to the faith of the early centuries, we whole life is no new discovery; that have before us an answer which no the nation should be approximately man can gainsay. Out of the heart Christian is the inevitable result of these centuries there emerged of the fact that a great many of its one statement of beliefs. Noone citizens are Christian in reality.

knows by whom it was drafted, or Always the aim has been, and the when it first appeared. We find it aim still is, to make saints, to bring in Africa, in Gaul, in Italy, on the men to see and to say Danube, and in Asia Minor with He wills that I shaH holy be; slight variations, but identical in Naught can withstand His will; its essence and almost in its form- The purpose of His grace in men, a statement so Scriptural and evan- He surely shall fulfill.

gelical that it is ascribed to the There remains but one other Apostles. In the Conference Re- question. Has the power of Chrisports you will discover an item, tianty changed? As in all the other simple but grand, reported by cases the answer is decidedly no, many missionaries-Episcopalian, Wesleyan, Baptist, Presbyterian- no, no, ten thousand noes! The that the statement of faith which Spirit remaineih among us, so we they find to have most value, and need not fear. The Gospel is still on which they lay most stress, is the power of God to salvation to the Apostles Creed. In the seven- . everyone that believeth. When we teen centuries that have passed are tempted to doubt it, let us re- since it was shaped, the Holy Spirit member Lord Kelvin's great sen- has taught the Church much. He tence, when in attempting to make will teach us more if we listen to an experiment in Glasgow Uni- His Voice, but the foundations of versity, he failed. Drawing himself the Kingdom stand, although the up with dignity before his students, things that were shaken have been he did not apologize, but knowing removed." There is the answer- the power of God he said, "Gentle- the message of Christianity is the men, always remember that when same. you are face to face with a diffi- What then of its aim? If the mis- culty, you are on the verge of a dis- sion of Christianity is to take out covery."

AND COOPERATION IN

A Call to Christians and a Manifesto from the Chinese Church T HE Church of Christ in China strengthened and that hitherto un- is facing a situation which is discovered pathways may be found challenging because of the whereby the separated Christian unusual difficulties as well as the communions can arrive at com- unparalleled opportunities p r e- plete spiritual and organic unity.

sented. As never before must we (f) That Christian youth of the lay hold on all available spiritual West with a positive Christian resources. Fortunately neither faith and with a passion for Chris- time nor space nor language are a tian service may in large number barrier to the spiritual cooperation find it the will of God for them of Christians of the West and the to come to China to cooperate with Church in China covets American the Chinese Church in the task of cooperation in adventurous, im- creating a Christian China.

portunate intercession: (g) That the Five Year Move- (a) That our Christian youth in ment may continue to grow inten- large numbers may recognize the sively and extensively in the might call and give heed to the challenge and strength of the spirit of God, of the ministry as the most profit- to the end that all the resources of able investment of their lives. our Chinese Church may be uti- (b) That our Christians may in lized to achieve the objectives of a larger measure discover and this Movement, namely, the deep- manifest the radiance of our re- ening of the spiritual life of our ligion, and make their Christian Christians and the doubling of our faith contagious. church membership.

(c) That our leadership may be We ask the fellowship of the responsive to divine guidance and Christians and Churches of the be given courage joyously to follow West in this ministry of interces- the will of God as they discern it sion.

concerning the perplexing prob- This Call was adopted by the lems they are facing, such as General Assembly of the Church Christian education in view of of Christ in China, which met in government restriction on worship Canton, last November.

and religious instruction, and other problems of a similar character A Manifesto which naturally follow where a The following manifesto to coop- mighty nation is in the process of erating older Churches of the West radical reconstruction. was also adopted by the General (d) For the Chinese Govern- Assembly of the Church of Christ ment, especially for those Chris- in China: tians who are serving the Govern- "The General Assembly has ment :-that vital religion may be given its proper place in the new given considerable time and earemerging state. nest thought to the question of the relationship between the Church (e) That the will to Christian of Christ in China and the coopu nit y may be fostered and erating missions, and wishes to 259

place on record the following state- Chinese Church consciousness has ment regarding the attitude of the developed to the point of desiring General Assembly to this vitally the responsibility for administerimportant subject. ing its own affairs, and for con- ducting and directing the various "We desire first to express again activities which aim at the evanour deep sense of gratitude to the gelization of the people of China. older Churches of the West for the help, both spiritual and material, The General Assembly rejoices which has been afforded by them that members of the Church, both to the work in China. Chinese and the foreign mission- aries associated with it, are of one "We are conscious that our mind in applying this principle in gratitude can best be shown by our the actual conduct of the affairs definite endeavor to develop as and work of the Church. We speedily as possible the spirit of fully recognize the fact that the stewardship and self-support in churches connected wit h the the Church in China. Weare glad Church of Christ in China are not to report that about twenty-five equally developed, and so it is difper cent of our organized churches are self-supporting. But we realize ficult to secure uniformity in the that this percentage should be in- application of this principle. A creased as rapidly as possible. considerable time must elapse be- fore our high ideal can be realized, "You in the West are informed and much wisdom and patience as to the present political disturb- will be required in the prosecution ances in China, and the resulting of this great task. We must, howeconomic depression. These rep- ever, emphasize the fact that this resent great obstacles to be over- church-centric ideal includes most come, if our desire for the increase definitely the idea of continued coin self-support is to be gained. operation between the Church in You also have heard of the diffi- China and the various missionary culties which the spread of com- organizations from the West. In munistic ideas, the organization of this sense it is not to be interthe anti-Christian movement and preted as an entirely independent the like, have created for our movement of the Church. Church. These are all matters in which we beseech your full sym- The General Assembly further pathy, as we know they have ex- wishes to make clear our position cited your concern. It is because with regard to our relations with of these difficulties and hindrances the missions associated with us. that the General Assembly wishes We definitely stand for cooperato make clear its position with re- tion between the Church and the gard to the relationship of the mISSlOns. The Church of Christ Church of Christ in China and the in China desires the Church and missions which are cooperating the Mission to work together as with it. we face the common problems that are confronting the Christian On the one hand we feel it neces- Movement in China. We wish to sary to reaffirm our conviction that state positively that the services it is a matter of the greatest im- of missionaries from the Older portance for the Church in China Churches of the West are both to adopt a definite church-centric greatly needed and ardently depolicy. By that we mean that the

THE RIVAL OF CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA

sired. We wish to go further by larly two qUalifications for missaying that the need for mission- sionaries in the days to come: (1) aries today is even greater than they should possess the spirit of before. In the past, missionary cooperation with their fellow workwork was primarily in behalf of ers in the Church, willing to share the non-Christian people in China. with them the tasks that they have Several hundred million of our peo- before them, and (2) they should ple are still unreached by the Gos- come with warm evangelistic ferpel of Christ. These millions must vor, no matter in what capacity still present as great an appeal they seek to serve Christ in connecas ever to the stronger Older tion with the Church in China, Churches of the West. They pre- whether evangelistic, educational, sent to our Young Church our medical, social or administrative. greatest opportunity and responsi- While they need to have all the bility for service. technical qualifications befitting the high calling of a missionary, The need for missionary help is we regard these two points as of now intensified by the fact that the special importance, without which Young Church, which is still in its their work cannot yield the largest early stages of development, is be- measure of result. ginning to undertake its rightful and proper responsibilities. Being We ask for your prayers and still in its childhood, our Church continued cooperation to the end can be greatly helped by the wis- that with the blessing of the Great dom, experience and religious back- Head of the Church, our efforts to ground of our missionary friends deepen the spiritual life of the from abroad. In considering the Christians and to win the fealty of present development of the work the unevangelized masses of our in China, we feel that all types of people to Christ as their Lord and missionaries are still necessary, Saviour, will be most fruitful. whether they be regular missionaries who come to China for life (Signed) service or special workers who come for a particular phase of the C. Y. CHENG, work in China for a limited time. Moderator.

We wish to emphasize particu- A. R. KEPLER, General Secretary.

THE RIVAL OF CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA* C OMMUNISM is Christian- youth as the friend of democracy ity's competitor in China. and the rallying ground for the en- The reasons for this are the thusiastic devotion of youth which radical, adventurous nature of the it held twenty years ago. The time Communist movement, its readiness to experiment, its clear aim has come for a revaluation of and definite program, and its pro- Christian work and for readiness fessed championship of "the poor to take a bold step forward. and the oppressed." Christianity takes direct issue Christianity appears to have lost the place of leadership among with Communism on three lines, as pointed out recently by a leader ~ 'l'he Ohinese Recorder. of the Chinese Church.

(1) Communism favors the use

of violence-we are followers of is outspoken in opposition to war the Prince of Peace. The time has and militarism, calls for open alcome for the Chinese Church to legiance to Christ and the living take a clearcut stand against war of Christ in all relationship of life, and the militaristic method. There it can win the devoted enthusiasm are indications that show a readi- of young people who will be as ness on the part of some of the ready to preach Christianity as foremost Christian leaders to do their fellows have been to preach this. Communism during recent years.

(2) Communism aims to pro- Communism has been especially duce the mass-mind and the mass- successful in the use of the printed soul, which often lead to the de- page. Christianity must be just struction of the individual. Chris- as aggressive in presenting its tianity insists on the persons as case. There is need for the pro- duction of new literature and the an end. translation of western books, set- (3) Communism produces a ting forth what Christianity is and the kind of men and society it atparty mind by prohibiting freedom tempts to create. But possibly the of speech. Christianity liberates. greatest failure on the part of the Church is the failure to get into The Christian forces should be circulation the material which it in a position to challenge directly does print. One is sometimes the philosophy of Communism on struck with the number of good these points. Would it not be well things printed which do not reach to invite prominent speakers from the general public. Cannot more abroad to meet the Communist attractive editions be put out? propaganda? But what is even How can Christian pUblications be more important is a program for offered for sale in the book stalls the farmers and working classes and public markets of our big that will command the respect of cities-places where the students thinking people. Through mass and young people are buying the education, agricultural experi- books they read? ments, proper recreation, community uplift and regeneration, At the Wofossu Regional Conthe Church must meet the needs of the "poor and oppressed." The ference in 1929, Dr. John R. Mott, in a brief address, said, "The idealism of youth will respond to a Church must learn to trust youth. call for help in such constructive Youth without responsibility is dangerous. If given heavy reendeavor. sponsibility you do not need to There is evidence of a growth fear young people."

out of a narrow nationalism into a Have we jobs that will consume larger brotherhood. A Christian the zeal of young people and are youth mo,vement will rally to the we ready to use them? It is high time that the Church in China surcause of Christian international- veyed and revaluated its work in the light of the need and opporism. tunity for enlisting youth in a Communism has made headway radical program of real Chris- tianity! ROWLAND M. CROSS. in China through propaganda. The Church can well take a leaf from the Communist notebook of method. If the Church is ready for experiment, has an adventurous program of social reconstruction,

ASSEMBLY OF THE EVANG~JLICAL CHURCH OF PUERTO

(.January 27-20, 11131.) A UNITED CHURCH IN PUERTO RICO BY THE REV. FREDERICK LESLIE BROWNLEE, NEW YORK . ElJ ec utiv6 8c(,"retur]J o/thc Amcdcun Mi8iJiu1WFY Assuciation FOR several years the Protes- so apparent, however, to the mis- tant Churches of Puerto Rico sionary boards and the churches have been discussing the values at home. Here tradition, pride, and possibilities of a single Prot- theology, creed and vested inter- estant Church for the island. The ests loom large. It seemed there- values are obvious. The island is fore that organic union in Puerto small and compact. The people are Rico was destined to spend itself homogeneous. The experiences of in talk and resolutions. Everyone the various denominations at work appeared to be for union but no on the island are almost too new to two denominations dared to unite.

have become traditions. Practically Some thought that no denomina- from the beginning the churches tions ought to unite until all de- have been united in common ob- nominations were ready to unite.

jectives, a common evangelical Some denominations on the island fellowship, a common theological were ready but the missionary seminary, a sin g I e evangelical boards back home could not agree.

press and in the support of a Preachers on the island were single missionary enterprise in fearful lest during the transition Santo Domingo. These facts to- period while the united church was gether with the nationalist move- winning its spurs they would lose ments abroad, the emphasis on their ecclesiastical standing and comity, federation and union at special annuity and insurance home, and the reasonableness of privileges.

the proposition encouraged some So the movement dragged along in the hope that the organic union until something over a year ago of all the churches of Puerto Rico when the United Brethren, Chris- might come easily and rapidly. tians and Congregationalists pro- The weakness and foolishness of posed to unite in the formation of denominationalism are not always the Iglesia Evangelica de Puerto 263

Rico. The Missionary Boards 1. Mohler. The treasurer of the sponsoring these denominations Council is the resident representaagreed and January 28, 1931, was tive of the Board of Foreign set for the "wedding" ceremony in Missions of the United Brethren the church at Fajardo. Two days Church, Rev. Philo Drury. All preceding were spent in discussing business with the church boards and adopting a constitution and and the disbursement of all funds by-laws. Two days following were provided by them will be handled spent in setting up the new ma- unitedly through these officers and chinery and starting things going. the Executive Council, who in turn On the night of the celebration are responsible to the Assembly. the Fajardo church was packed. The president of the Assembly and All the preachers and missionary other officers are Puerto Ricans. representatives of the three denom- Since the churches are located in inations were present. Greetings two distinct sections of the island were presented by representatives two regional committees were set of some of the denominations that up by the Council. These commitmay come into the union later. tees will meet monthly. A member Almost two dozen speeches were of one of these committees is the made. The'listeners who knew no former representative of the Chris- Spanish pronounced the proceed- tian Churches, the Rev. D. P. Baring an oratorical contest. But near rett ; the other members of the eleven o'clock the organist began committees are natives. In fact, to play the wedding march. Three only three Americans belong to representatives from each of the the entire Assembly. In the States denominations came to the altar there will be an Administrative and united their eighteen hands. A Committee composed of representgroup of small flower boys and atives from the missionary boards girls encircled them. The minister whose business it shall be to replaced his hand on the nine united view policies suggested by the Aspairs of hands and pronounced the sembly and Executive Council, to new united body "La Iglesia Evan- consider requests for financial aid gelica de Puerto Rico." (The Evan- and to make such recommendations gelical Church of Puerto Rico.) as they may decide upon to their The congregation joined hands and respective directors. sang "Blest be the tie that binds." While the statistics of the United The organization of the United Church are not quite so pretentious Church is not unlike the customary as those of the Baptist Church ecclesiastical bodies. There is a alone, nevertheless, they are highly general representative assembly significant. There are thirty-six which will meet annually, with its native church organizations with president and other usual officers. church buildings in sixteen dif- An executive council consisting of erent municipalities, with thirtysome fourteen persons elected by nine ordained pastors and thirtythe Assembly will conduct the com- three additional p aid workers. mon business of the churches ad Radiating as it were from these interim. The executive secretary thirty-six churches are seventyof this council is the resident rep- four rural parishes, most of which resentative of the American Mis- have small chapels. The total sionary Association, Rev. Charles membership is 3,518 of whom 405

1[131] A UNITED CHURCH IN PUERTO RICO

represent new members received transacted reveals good, practical in 1930, with 636 candidates for sense. Many difficulties doubtless membership awaiting the com- lie ahead and it will be a generapletion of their instruction. In tion at least before the churches the seventy-seven Sunday-schools will have become self-supporting there are 4,354 pupils. Young peo- -Puerto Ricans are poor, miserples societies report 857 members. ably poor-but hopes are high and 'IHE CHURCH AT FAJARDO, WHERE THE PRO'l'JJ;STAN'l' ASSEMBLY MET Church property is valued at courage is strong. The natives are $457,300. The annual budget is conscious of the responsibility $70,416, of which amount the na- which now rests upon their shoultive churches provide $13,416. ders. They are grateful for the opportunities before them. They The Executive Council of the crave the continued fellowship, United Church has had its first council and financial support of formal meeting. The themes dis- the churches in the States. cussed show vision. The business Count Zinzindorf said: "I have one passion and that is Christ. He only." James Calvert, missionary to the Fiji Islands declared: "Where Christ commands and directs, I cheerfully go. I only desire what He approves and to do what He requires for the remainder of my life." David Brainerd, the apostle to the American Indians, said: "When a soul loves God with a supreme love, God's interests and his are become one. It is no matter when or where or how Christ should send me, nor what trials He should exercise me with, if I may be prepared for His work and will." Henry Martyn, ere he died in Persia: "I am born for God only. Christ is nearer to me than father or mother or sister-a nearer relation, a more affectionate friend; and I rejoice to follow Him and to love Him. Blessed Jesus. Thou art all I want; a forerunner to me in all I ever shall go through as a Christian, a minister or a missionary." The immortal Livingstone, in a dark hour in darkest Africa, exclaimed: "Noth- ing earthly will make me give up my work in despair: I encourage myself in the Lord my God, and go forward." His African followers found his dead body upon its knees, in the gray dawn of that memorable fourth of May, 1873. The great missionary had died, as he had lived. in prayer. This touching entry was found in his journal, written on the next to the last birthday of his life, "My Jesus, my King, my Life, my All, I again dedicate my whole self to thee."

TRAGEDY OF THE INDIAN STUDENTS*

T HIS is the true story of a all three of them dipping with their young Indian girl born on the fingers into the one pan of stew. Mescalero Reservation in a Into her mind flashed the picture tepee. She spent her early years of the dining room at school, the playing with the other little chil- table set daintily, the food served dren under the pines. As soon as graciously, surrounded by the smilshe was old enough she went to the ing faces of friends. And then government school in the town of came days when she was torn be- Mescalero, where she studied until tween the strong family loyalty she reached the fifth grade. She which is the heritage of the Indian had always shown an unusual abil- and the feeling that she could not ity and desire to learn. A friend go back to the old way of living took an interest in her and sent and fall so far below the standards her to the Presbyterian mission that had been taught her for years. school through the grades. At that time she had developed into such At last she went to the mission a fine girl that they took care of and sobbing bitterly she asked: her until she finished high school, from which she graduated with "What shall I do? I ought not honors. Now she could sew, she to leave my father and mother, and had learned to play the piano, she I can't live like this? There is loved to read and had become nothing for me to do. My parents aware of the beauty and inspira- are old-fashioned, they don't want tion of good literatUre. She could any changes. Why, it is impossible appreciate the niceties of life. for me to even keep clean! I can't bear it!" But school days were over and she must go back to the Reserva- She finally decided to leave the tion. That first night at home was Reservation and find work someone of bitter unhappiness. "Home" where so that she might help her was a tepee with absolutely noth- parents by sending them money. ing inside except a pile of dirty She has a position in the home of rags and goat-skins flung in a cor- Christian people in Phoenix, Ariner to sleep on. As she pulled one zona, which gives her a chance to of these over her she thought of live in a clean, wholesome environthe clean white sheets of her bed ment and be self-supporting. at the dormitory and the clean blankets that had covered her. This is the tragedy of the transi- That first meal with her mother tion of the younger generation and father had been eaten squat- from the old life to the new. "Our ting in front of the fire outside the responsibility for these boys and tent, the old battered coffeepot girls does not end with giving them boiling over into the flames, and an education. Even more is it nec- essary that with that education • Told at the meeting of the Woman's Board they shall be assisted in making ~~ ~~ii~~: Missions of the Reformed Church an adjustment to life away from the Reservation and their own peo- pIe-to life as Christian American citizens."

266

PEOPLE AND THE ·CHURCH

BY THE REV. RALPH McAFEE, D.D., Detroit, Michigan E:rcoutit:e Secretary at tile Detroit CfJUJ1(:iZ oj ClIf,o>chc8 T HE relation of America's people now active in young people's youth to the churches is a organizations. Of sixteen secre- matter of vital concern not taries replying, six believed that only to the churches but to the fu- the calibre of those now active in ture of America herself. young people's work is as high as it was ten years ago; eight be- The National Association of lieved it is higher than ten years Executive Secretaries of State and ago; and two, who are fast ap- Local Councils and Federations of proaching the end of their active Churches has for some years been Kingdom service, believe the calistudying the relationship of young people to the church and has been bre is lower than ten years ago. endeavoring to influence young Some correspondents note the people's organizations toward a marked increase in the number of more effective contribution to the college bred men and women who work of the· Kingdom of God. At are now in training for service as the recent meeting of this Associa- religious education and social servtion held in Chicago, a special Com- ice directors. mittee on Young People's work presented a report on some of the It appears certain that our promore important phases of the work grams are strongly feminized, failof modern young people in the ing to attract many of the best of church. This report dealt with five our young men. The proportion major questions: of women to men is probably about 60 to 40, corresponding in the main 1. What is the caliber of those now to the general church proportion. active in young people's organizations in your city? A third question inquired as to the main points of strength and 2. Which sex is more active and the major difficulties in the local influential in your programs? church young people's program. The points of strength noted are: 3. What are the main points of strength and the major difficulties in 1. Recognition of the importance of the local church young people's pro- youth. gram? 2. Democracy in conceiving and de- 4. What are the major points of veloping programs. strength and the major weaknesses in the most successful denominational 3. Adequate and sympathetic leaderyoung people's programs? ship.

5. What are the outstanding suc- 4. Use of forum and discussion cesses and weaknesses of our inter- group ideas. denominational programs? 5. A completely unified local church In the preparation of their re- program. port, the special committee pur- The major weaknesses noted sued four lines of investigation in are: nineteen cities. 1. Adult and ministerial monopoly.

The first questions dealt with the 2. Lack vision beyond local church calibre and the sex of -the young walls.

267

3. Inadequate leadership and equip- machinery. It limits vision to ment. denominational boundaries. It ab- sorbs all the time of the young 4. Distractions of college, i. e., ab- people with denominational activ- sence of young people in college and ity, leaving no margin for the unsettlement of the religious faith of larger Kingdom interests. It ex- those who return. alts itself above Christian living.

5. Distractions of the mating pe- The final question deals with the riod. successes and weaknesses of our interdenominational pro g ram s. 6. Misunderstanding of young peo- Young People's Councils related ple by the pastor. for the most part to Councils of Religious Education, are declared As an illustration of this mis- to be the most successful organi- understanding we quote from a zations in the field, but the Y. P. letter from a corresponding secre- S. C. E. are running them a close tary of a young people's Union in second and in some cities easily America's third largest city- outdistancing them. Philadelphia: The standard achievements re- In most cases in the local church the ported are: young people's work is given slight or no attention by the pastor and mem- 1. Serie·s of addresses-as by Miss bers of the official board. The pastor, Slattery and Dr. Poling. in many cases, i·s too busy to devote much time to his young people. Mem- 2. Easter and Pentecost Sunrise bers of the official board in most case~ Services. don't have the ambition to lead the youth of the church or, with some very 3. Help in financial campaigns. few exceptions, are too busy. 4. Rallies.

A fourth question asked for an 5. Pageants. . analysis of the strength and the 6. Conferences. 7. Recreation-Athletic Leagues. weakness of the most successful 8. Training schooJ.s for leadership. denominational young people's pro- 9. Good Friday Three Hour Serv- ·grams. Replies indicate that the ices. strength of denominational pro- grams lies in denominational pride The weaknesses of the interde- and overpowering loyalty to it. nominational young peoples pro- This loyalty produces trained and grams and the difficulties they face able leadership, programs which are legion: fundamental among are clearly defined, coordinated, them however are: promoted and understood, through summer conferences and wisely de- 1. Absence of adequate leadership. vised devotional material. Among 2. The fact that there is as yet no others, Methodists and Presbyte- agreement on the place and function rians are mentioned as developing of interdenominational young people's strong programs. work. 3. The lack of correlation between The weaknesses of the denomi- young people's programs in the local national programs centered around church, in the denominational and in the fact of denominational loyalty. the interdenominational fields. It is too autocratic, self-centered, 4. Constantly changing personnel conservative, lacking in social vi- and leaders. sion, and has no particular objec- 5. Lack of pastoral sympathy and tives beyond strengthening its own cooperation.

FIFTY YEARS IN CEYLON

6. Lack of persons who visualize need to face the fact that they the importance of the interdellomina- ought to uverate a::; detillite part::; tional young people's program. of the all-inclusive program of the modern church. It was agreed The Executives of the Councils that since the major part of the of Churches throughout the coun- leadership of our young people's try are convinced that the young organizations now resides and people's organizations of America probably should continue to reside need a carefully ·coordinated program of yearly activities. It is ap- in our Directors of Religious Eduparent on all sides that the young cation, these specialists together people's organizations are fritter- with representatives of other siming away too large a share of their ilar organizatiuns mig h t well capacities and of their influence merge into a nation-wide combecause of this fundamental lack of coordination. It is likewise mittee on the field and function of clear that young people's societies young people's work, both denomi- national and interdenominational.

FIFTY YEARS IN CEYLON M Iss SUSAN R. HOWLAND MISS HOWLAND TWENTY-~'IVE YEARS entered missionary service in Ceylon, in 1873, under AGO the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. She ful a missionary service. Certainly was the daughter of veteran mis- few have been so well loved. By sionaries, the Rev. W. W. Howland request of her fellow workers she and Susan Reed Howland, inherit- remained on the field a few years ing the love of the Christian com- after her retirement, but recently munity and winning her own place she came to America to live with in their hearts. For some years she her brother, Rev. John Howland, a was an associate of Eliza Agnew in missionary in Mexico for nearly the old Oodooville Female Semi- half a century. nary, and followed her in charge of this oldest of girls' boarding schools in foreign mission fields. For more than thirty years she continued teaching the daughters and granddaughters of her early pupils, but about twenty years ago she gave the responsibilities of the school into other hands. She then turned to evangelistic work, and in every village found "daughters" and their homes wide open to her. Her ripened ministry in the homes and in the hospital at Inuvil, proved of untold value to the whole community. Few persons in any land or time have had so long or so fruit-

GIVE THE GOSPEL TO MOSLEMS?*

BY MOHAMMED ABDUL QAYYUM DASKAWIE, Rawalpindi, Panjab Projes,wr in Gordon College since 1928 I SLAM is a pre-Reformation dents at their desks. It puts non- Protestantism gone awry. It Christian agencies at our disposal was a movement in the ancient and in this age of the power of the Syrio-Arabian world which aimed press is probably the most powerat re-discovering and re-instating ful instrument of evangelism, if the truth of the unity and spiritual- rightly used and if adapted to the ity of God. It was in no sense either needs of those to whom it goes. The a new or an original movement but wonder is that we do not use it as it was needed for the land where it much as we should. A business man arose, as a corrective for Judiasm will spend thousands of dollars to and Christianity as they existed advertise candy or chewing gum there. It was a protest against the but we who have an urgent mes- Mariolatry and saint-worship in sage do not put it to its full use.

the Church of that day and against In India alone there are over 70,- the exclusiveness of the Jewish re- 000,000 Moslems whom it is our ligion. The founder of Islam was duty to reach with the Gospel of convinced of the divine origin of Life. There are very few well writthe two great faiths that had pre- ten books which could be put into ceded it but had now lost, for a the hands of those who do not read time, their original mission and the English language. Most of the spirituality. Had the Church of Christian books for Moslems were Christ in the sixth and seventh cen- written in the past century or early tury been loyal to the New Testa- in this century. Two or three that ment teaching of Christ and His have appeared during the last few disciples there never would have years are controversial and are inbeen any need for an ant8gonistic adequate for those who are not inand rival faith like Islam. terested in religious controversies. Moreover, the day that is dawning Be that as it may, we today are in the world of Islam is not of conconfronted with the task of carry- troversy but of sympathetic aping the life-giving Gospel of Jesus proach. The younger generation Christ to those who do not truly is not enthusiastic about learning know Him. How can we as Chris- the Koran and most of them do not tians better accomplish our labor of even read it. We need to give them, love for our Master? Many meth- therefore, not a pamphlet controods of evangelism have been tried verting the truth of a particular and found successful in bringing sura, but something that will meet the Gospel of Christ to Moslems; their changing conditions. one of them, the printed page, finds its way to places and persons un- There is no Christian book today thought of and maybe unheard of that we could give to our Moslem before. It finds readers among the college students. In Gordon College, women in the zenanas and the stu- where I have been working for • An address given at the annnal meetlng some years, we have some very of The American Christian Llteratl"e Society keen, active and alert minds, yet for Moslems, Jannary 24, 1931.

270 there is no attempt made to pro- know the dreadfulness of the dis- vide anything suitable for them. ease. The loathing of sin arises These students are the representa- through a moral conception of the tives of the educated classes among holiness of God. The Moslem the Moslems, and we must provide thinks that sin can be removed by the contact with Christian truth money and atoned for by fastings through suitable literature. and prayers. He takes a mercenary There is a still larger class of view of sin. He does not feel its those who are only half educated or ravages upon the human soul but who can read only the vernaculars. considers only the displeasure of These people are highly sensitive God at his disobedience. His idea and most of them have never been of outweighing sin by goodness in under Christian influence. A sym- its literal sense is familiar to all.

pathetic approach and a sound Yet there are spiritually minded argument-simple and yet keen- souls who do see that sin is more is what wins their approbation. I than a mere mistake. We need to know of nothing suitable that we show the Moslem that sin is not could put into their hands. only disobedience to a far-off God, Another large class is made up of but that it is corruption. Not a few the women who are locked up in the of my fellow-converts have testified zenanas. Many of them can read a to the growing consciousness of the little today, which was not true ten sinfulness of sin as they have tried years ago. The woman missionary to live the Christian life.

can give them Gospel portions but Another feature of our message the Gospel background needs to be for the Moslems is the message of understood and explained. These God's love in Christ-the heart of women need to see the glory of the Christian Bible. No one who Christ, His love, and His esteem has ever seen the love of God as re- for womanhood. They enjoy the vealed in Jesus Christ can forget fruits of His spirit and teachings that God or refuse to yield to Him.

without acknowledging Him. Orthodox Islam has no place for May I make bold to suggest a mysticism; it had to import it from few lines along which we could the Grecian and Hindu thought. The confession of George Matheson make an approach to the Moslem is not the confession of one man mind in presenting the message of only but of what men and women Christ? There are a number of have felt from the earliest dawn of things that the Moslem holds in Christianity: common with the Christians and we should be ready to make use of 0, Love, that will not let me go, them. I rest my weary soul in Thee; The first thing that the Christian I give Thee back the life lowe, message must do is to emphasize That in Thine ocean's depth its flow May richer, fuller be.

the ethical side of the Christian The love of God is the message message. The Moslem believes in which brings the proud and the the presence of sin in the world but haughty to their knees before his view of sin is very superficial. Christ who is King because He is Many people do not see the need of Love incarnate.

a Saviour because they do not see We often forget that Christ was the heinousness of sin. They seek a great hero and that the human no remedy because they do not heart is at core a hero-worshipper.

We fail to adequately impress upon having slain the enmity thereby." the Moslems the moral perfection -(Eph. 2: 14-16.) and the sheer manliness of the hu- 'man Jesus. We should do greater When the mother of Jesus came justice to this side of our Lord's to see Him, and they told Him that life. We forget that it takes more His mother and brothers were courage to be kind than to cross the standing outside calling Him, our Atlantic Ocean in an aeroplane; es- Lord asserted the superiority of pecially when it means being kind the spiritual brotherhood over the to the type of people whom every- kinship of the flesh. The Christian body despises. It is all very well to brotherhood must be so presented be kind to one another if that and we must in the name of Christ means being kind to our own so- either remove or at least minimize ciety and those on a par with us, the denominations and counter-debut when it comes to being kind to nominations that exist among us. the publican and the sinners, then We must not let our Christian souls . . .? It takes more courage to be be cramped and dwarfed by these faithful to one's ideals in face of distinctions. We must become one death than it takes to conquer the body of Christ if we are to evanworld. It is far nobler to pray for gelize the world and to bring all one's enemies than it is to hit back men into the flock of the Great and demand a tooth for a tooth. Shepherd. Our brotherhood must Jesus Christ was a great hero and be demonstrated as it is, a higher He was a perfect Man. When men and a more spiritual kinship than and women are brought face to that of any other religion or cult. face with Him they find themselves acknowledging His more than hu- Another feature of our message man origin. must be the preservation of a rev- e1'ential attitude toward things The Moslem belongs to a great spiritual. We are prone to forget brotherhood but the Christian the reverence that the Moslem has brotherhood is more spiritual and for God. In the growth of knowl- edge and Christian freedom we should be greater. This brother- must not forget the reverence that hood is founded on a surer and holier basis than any other broth- is due to God. Perfect love casteth erhood in the wOil"ld, because it is out fear until love takes the place founded on the blood of our Lord of fear something should be re- Himself. The Christians of vari- tained to help life flow in right ous races and countries were united when Christ died on the Cross. In channels. Other features might be the letter to the Ephesians we are mentioned but this is by no means told that "He is our peace, who intended to be an exhaustive treatmade both one, and brake down the ment of the subject. These sugmiddle wall of partition, having gestions have been made to point abolished in His flesh the enmity, out the great need for suitable even the law of commandments Christian literature for Moslems contained in ordinances; that he and the enormity and difficulty of might create in himself of the two the task that God has given to us. one new man, so making peace; and The signs of encouragement are might reconcile them both in one numerous. A harvest is ready to body unto God through the cross, be reaped if only we have the cour- age and skill under God to reap it.

by F. C

AN EVANGELISTIC SFJRVICEJ TN A HAMLEJ'r IN NORTH INDIA A GLIMPSE OF HAMLET LIFE IN INDIA BY JAMES M. BAKER, Ongale, Guntur, India Amcrica,n Baptist TelufJu Mi88i01l-J 1895- n .; BOUT eighty-five per cent of outcaste the hamlet the more com- the people of India live in plex its life. The missionary or small villages, the life of Indian leader who seeks to eSwhich is decidedly rural. Even in tablish Christian church life in these small villages people do not such a hamlet has to 'understand live unitedly. Caste distinctions and partially, at least, to overcome and family quarrels have divided this complexity. If he seeks to them into small residential sec- establish a church for a number of tions, many of which are quite hamlets his problem is still greater. isolated. These sections are called hamlets. Some castes and un- Some of these complexities are friendly families would not be al- directly or indirectly connected lowed to live promiscuously in with poverty; some are due to the hamlets, even if they chose to do teachings of the Hindu religion; so. some result from certain customs which have grown up, some arise All hamlet life in India, although from superstitions, and some are it. does not at first seem so, is very theeffed of perverse notionsrecomplex. The poorer and more garding' sanitation. Among the 3 273

passive causes are-failure to Poverty and hunger leads natur- ally honest people to steal. In know or to observe the ten com- famine times, the troubles of hammandments, the two comman!!. let life blaze up glaringly. Onements given by Christ, and the third of India is always hungry, golden rule. but doubly so in famine.

It is wonderful what a little in· The Hindu religion does not struction along all these lines can help improve the daily life of the do toward ironing out the wrinkles hamlet. It has a positive tendency in hamlet life. The average house to make it worse. Its fatalistic and ground is about 20 by 20 feet. teaching lulls men to sleep until a No wall separates these lots, most pending calamity actually falls of the houses are without doors, upon them. This fills the mind full there being only a passageway two of fear over what imagined demons feet wide, through which to enter. are going to do. It permits steal- All the hamlet houses are placed ing in case of necessity. It makes in family groups with certain rela- trying to learn appear to the lower tions one to another. This con- caste hamlets to be sinful. This gestion, together with fixed notions is important because only one of relative location, causes endless quarter of the population are of friction and the doorless houses the higher castes. Hinduism asadd to the mixup. sumes no responsibility whatever for the secular or religious instruc- This condition makes necessary tion of the lower castes. It punalmost unlimited trust in neighbors ishes no wrong except the breaking in a country where there is little of caste rules. It approves of the absolute trust in anyone. marriage of children and even al- lows baby girls to be married to The marriage of close relatives old men. is intended to minimise complications, but it seems to act the other There is much in Hinduism that way and very often creates family is fine and beautiful, but it is about feuds. The close proximity of as useful to the masses as a big houses makes the family dog, buf- dish of rice and curry mixed with falo, and chickens, a problem to a little arsenic. solve in relation to the other family's dog, buffalo, and chickens. The idea of fate is so deeply in- The houses too, are constructed culcated by Hinduism that no secwith mud walls and with thatched ular or religious teaching can filter roofs. They are, at best, only down from the top layer of society. temporary shelters and require If the "Seventy-five percent" are constant attention to keep them to learn anything, some other refrom collapsing. They are almost ligion must undertake to teach valueless as a security. them.

This lack of valuable property The civilization of the land is so brings in its train a long line of old that many strange and inconcomplications. For instance, a sistent customs have taken deep man may desert his wife and chil- root and added much to the intridren. The law can do little with cate network of hamlet life. For him for he has nothing that the instance, even the outcaste, if he law can take. If all such were put touches the dead body of his father in jail, the prhlOns would soon be or mother, must spenil days going full.

J931] A GLIMPSE OF HAMLET LIFE IN INDIA

through various ceremonies of ning. It has stopped short. On purification. But without any pol- close examination he finds that lution in the eyes of his own people a community superstition has he may take off the hide of an ani- jumped into the cog wheel. mal which has died and cut up for distribution its meat and eat of it Just how much the lack of sanihimself. tation has added to the melting pot of hamlet sufferings has never been A middle caste hamlet may build figured out. The Government has a shrine to anyone of the gods- done more than missions, but even for example "Ramaswamy." The the fringe of the need has not yet neighboring lower caste builds a been met. shrine in their hamlet to the same god. If anyone from the lower There are nO latrines or sewer caste hamlet should enter that of systems in the viIlages. Men and the higher caste he must keep a women bathe at night in the street proper distance from the shrine, under the cover of darkness. The but if a higher caste man visits the adults go to relieve nature into the lower caste hamlet he may sit on fields or lanes; the little children the shrine and pollute it without sit down anywhere and the scavany objection· either from himself enger service is rendered by dogs, or from the hamlet people. hogs, chickens and crows. Dung heaps and cesspools are unregu- When the missionary attempts lated. Wells and tanks are guarded to plant the simple principles of from the next lower caste but not from pollution by filthy members Jesus in such a soil, he loses all of the same caste. influence and becomes a laughing stock if he rides over rough shod When an epidemic touches one their customs. family in the crowded hamlet, im- mediate steps are taken to propiti- Among all the castes, supersti- ate some demon, but isolation is tion has taken a firmer hold of the seldom if ever attempted. Before Indian imagination than Hinduism civilization can be established in itself. The new missionary won- India, the principles of Christ and the laws of physical, mental and ders what is wrong. The machin- social health must be observed. ery he has set up on western models simply will not go on run- WORLD'S SUNDAY SCHOOL STATISTICS Tabulation is made of the Sunday-school membership throughout the world every four years by the World Sunday School Association. Since current figures for the United States and Canada were submitted at the convention of the International Council of Religious Education, held in Toronto last June, it is possible to give the following corrected tabulation for the world: Grand Divisions No. of No. of O!fice·rs No. of Total S. S. and Teachers Scholars Enrolment North America ………….. . Central America ………… . 159,817 2,179,312 21,851,027 24,030,339 South America ………….. . 381 1,832 19,098 20,930 West Indies …………….. . Europe ………………… . 2,976 11,695 159,160 170,855 Asia ………………….. ,. 1,930 17,364 171,330 188,694 Africa …………………. . 90,621 854,905 8,462,845 9,317.750 Malaysia ……………….. . 1,567,382 Oceania ………………… . 37,427 96,564 1,470,818 789,658 13,148 63,477 726,181 108,624 100,463 880,430 1,422 8,161 790,710 12,898 89,720 320,620 S,323,030 S3,751,632 37,074,66.?

CRISIS IN PALESTINE'"

BY THE LATE REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S., HAIFA, PALESTINE jLL eyes have been turned to of the efforts of the Government £l.. the Holy Land during the to battle against this pest.

past year. For Jew and Gen- (d) The Mice Plague. However tile 1930 has proved a time of trial great the damage done by the lo- and stress. Weare in the midst custs, the mice accomplished the of the people who have made the rest, and this plague is still con- personal sacrifices, and have been tinuing.

literally bearing the burden, and (e) The £100,000 to compensate been broiling under the burning those who suffered from the riots sun of Megiddo, J ezreel and Lower has proved a great failure, for the Galilee. In these parts the actual Arabs claimed compensation and redemption of the land has taken got it, and the result was no one place, and it is here that the ma- received adequate compensation.

jority of the Zionist Colonies have (f) The adverse report of the been established, and where over Shaw Commission.

forty thousand Zionist Halutzim (g) The so-called temporary are still continuing the struggle stoppage of immigration.

against the climatic conditions. (h) The Wailing Wall Commis- In coming in contact with these sion.

people, whom we can truly call the All these were enough to break "rebuilders" of Zion, and who are the spirit of the strongest and quite different from those who staunchest people, but the Jew still have shown their interest merely went on, hopeful and undaunted.

by sending money to Palestine, we Then came the White Paper, stop- have learned much, and are in a ping the immigration for ten position to give a true estimate of years, and prohibiting the sale of the result of the tragedy. land for ten years. This is prac- The year 1929-30 has been a tically the "last straw to break the record year of severe blows meted camel's back."

out to the Jewish people in the I have met with some of the Land of the Redeemer, and I am leaders and many of the Zionist afraid that they are taking this Halutzim the last few days. Every- last blow as almost a final one. where we hear the words: "We There prevails a tragic hopeless- have been betrayed." Now they ness, which I have never witnessed say the last blow is to come, and before among these people. that will be an adverse report (a) There were the atrocities of from the Wailing Wall Commis- 1929. sion.

(b) The Shaw Commission-in One dare not comment on all itself, and in the way it was con- this, but at the same time we can ducted, was disappointing ?ond dis- see and read the signs of the times.

'heartening. At least here in Haifa it is (c) The Locust Scourge which broken. A quarrel which took devastated crops and tree!>, in spite place here between the Christians "From The E1'angelical Ohristian. and the Moslems with regards to a 276 small old cemetery was so serious The French Consulate is in disthat one Christian, Mr. Barhari, favor because it has been maneuan editor of a newspaper, was vering and creating favorable killed, and some were wounded. If propaganda for France, and for it were not for the prompt and the Mandate to go to France. strong measures taken by the France is jealous of the profitable British military authorities not balance in the Palestine Finance, many Christians would have been as against the deficits in their own left, especially of those who took Mandatory State of S),ria. Italy part in the quarrel. The result says that she will be more profit- WITH THE MISSIONARIES TO THE JEWS AT HAIFA (Dec. 1929) From left to right-~lr8. Christie, Dr. Chrjstie, Mrs. D. L. Pierson, Mrs. Rohold and the late S. B. Rohold was that there is hatred prevailing able to the Jews than anyone else all over Haifa and the district. to carry out the Mandate, as she has not the large Moslem popula- When Dr. Drummond Sheils- tions to whom she has to cater, as Secretary to the Colonies-was in Great Britain and France must do. Palestine, the Christians of Haifa sent him a petition that they did A high British official admitted not want to be any more united that the Government had always with the Moslems. The political had warning from the Indian papers have been trying to patch it Government, not to offend the up, but it is not so easy. The Ro- Moslems. man Catholic Metropolitan, Archbishop Hajjar, who has always While I do not minimize the been a leader in anti-Jewish things, blow the Jewish people have rehas now turned otherwise. ceived, yet I believe it may prove to be a blessing.

(a) The Jewish people will now but there is a definite "Christ have to give up relying on the movement." strength and promises of man, and will turn to God and His promises. On October 20th, when the blow of the White Paper fell on the (b) They will give themselves to Jews, we learned that in the fill up all the gaps, and make every schools here they had started to effort to cultivate all the land they teach the children "The Life of have, and settle it properly, mak- Jesus." On that very day, in our ing secure.their possessions. Haifa Bible Depot, we sold over fifty Hebrew New Testaments to When the Spirit of God moves, Jewish boys. When we asked why then there are sure to be results. they wanted Greek New Testa- The past few years the attitude of ments, those young boys have said: the nominal Christians here was "We must study it in the original." anything but good. They were the Here is a definite movement, for which we return thanks to God, leaders in all the anti-Jewish agi- and for which we ask God's people tations. Yet the attitude of the to unite in earnest prayer. Jewish people towards the Lord Jesus has not only vastly improved, CHRIST OR ANTI-CHRIST-WHICH?

T HE teachings and power of Christ offer the most fundamental obstacle to communism," says Stanley High, Editor of the Chris- tian Herald. "Do we want the rising side of self-consciousness among the non-white people directed by Christianity or by Russia? There was a time when it was so dangerous to become a Christian that to become one meant to become a missionary, The zeal that characterized Christianity of old is found today in communism, whose ranks are examined· and purged yearly of the unworthy. On my recent trip around the world I started out with the idea that perhaps a synthesis of the world's great faiths was needed. But when I saw what is happening in the Far East, I came to believe that there is no other name under heaven by which men are changed and saved except by the name of Jesus Christ. It is the only way in which the world can walk in the way of peace. General Smuts, speaking of the rising tide of race-consciousness in Africa said: 'For this awakening, Christianity and the missionaries are responsible.' Christianity provides an awakening principle, it provides also a conserving force, enabling people to live as God's children should. That is what Christianity is doing around the world."

We face the alternative of the rule of Christ or the rule of Anti- Christ in the world today.

INTEREST IN

BY THE REV. GORDON CHAPMAN, SUMIYOSHI KU, OSAKA, JAPAN MifS8ioow.ry oJ the l'rcsuJjtcrirm Church, U. S. A., 1921– WH I L E Japan is passing jected to considerable trouble be- through a serious economic cause they n;fused to submit to a crisis with unemployment local custom w hi c h compelled and other evils on the increase, the school children to worship at a cercountry is particularly open to the tain Shinto shrine.

Gospel, so that it is difficult to take The Christian Council of Japan advantage of all the open doors. has petitioned "the Commission to A united effort on the part of the investigate the System of Shrine Christian Churches is being made Worship" to settle definitely the to take advantage of the present status of Shrine-Shinto as to opportunity and thus afford a whether it is a religion or not; widespread preaching of the Gos- that if it is finally decided that it pel to the masses. "The Kingdom is outside the religious sphere that of God Movement," dominated by all religious practices at shrines Toyohiko Kagawa, has suffered cease; on the other hand if it is somewhat from an over depend- placed within the religious realm, ence upon human organization, but that its religious functions shall those concerned in the leadership not be made compulsory; that in are now awake to this danger and the effort to uplift the moral life there has been a much fuller em- of the children care be taken to phasis upon divine resources. protect their right of religious One of the issues which has be- freedom and that such problems as come increasingly acute of late is those created by compulsory worthat of Christianity and Shrine- ship on the part of school children Shinto. For many years the Gov- at shrines and before god-shelves ernment has divided Shinto into be avoided; that the provision two sections, Sect-Shinto, which is made in the Imperial Constituregarded as a religion, and Shrine- tion for the freedom of religious Shinto, which is regarded as a cult belief be made the keynote in the for the development of patriotism. solution of the problem. When It is unreasonable to assert that one considers this situation in con- Shrine-Shinto is non-religious when nection with the fact that a perthe Shrines are engaged in reli- sistant effort has been made for gious functions. The fact that the some years to enact a "Religions Government has promoted worship Law" which would put the Chris- at the shrines of Shrine-Shinto, tian Church under Government and even made it compulsory, has control, it is rather ominous to say in certain situations seriously in- the least. Pray for the Christian terfered with the freedom of re- Church in Japan in this crisis.

ligious belief granted by the Con- In the year of the anniversary stitution o,f the Empire, and has of Pentecost there was manifest even resulted in persecution. Re- everywhere a deep desire that the cently the Christians of a church power of the Holy Spirit may be in a country town have been sub- realized in real fulness. God has 279

put the burden for revival upon meeting which lasted for four days His children and this is being ex- and yet there was never a slack pressed in fervent prayer. During moment. All was wondrous liberty. the last half year we have seen evidences of at least a touch of re- The reality of an experience vival, both among missionaries and such as this has been witnessed to in the Japanese churches. Last over and over again by the fact spring about forty missionaries, that those experiencing it have representing at least half a dozen been more greatly used as channels denominations, were gathered in of blessing to others. One of the a retreat. All felt the need for a missionaries immediately after the fresh touch from God, that the retreat felt led to go to a Japanese Lord Jesus might be manifested Christian worker who had been esmore fully through us. The Lord tranged from his mission for a took the program in His own hands period of years, and after humand we were given a fresh vision bling himself seek reconciliation. of Himself and as He is repre- This being accomplished, the Japsented in His Body, which consists anese pastor was invited to speak of those of all denominations and at the annual conference of the sects. We realized anew our own Mission. weakness, and the criticism and lovelessness which too often filled At a Conference for the Deepenour lives. He enabled us to get right ing of the Spiritual Life at one of in regard to these things. He gave the mountain resorts four days us a wonderful revelation of the were set aside for prayer and the unity of the Body of Christ and the seeking of whatever God had for overwhelming need of a heart filled us. During the two weeks precedwith perfect love. We were led to ing the conference there were daily give ourselves to whole-hearted in- prayer meetings, both in the morntercession for the Body oil' Christ ing and the afternoon. During the and it was wonderful to hear the conference itself prayer meetings prayers for all kinds of denomina- were held each morning at 6: 30 o'clock and were attended by a tions, societies, countries and re- large proportion of the community. ligious leaders. Very often the one Then there was a daily Bible Readwho prayed had been critical to- ing at 10: 30 a. m. and an evening ward denominations or individuals session at 7: 30 o'clock. A large for whom he prayed and it took number of denominations were but the acknowledgment of this represented, including Anglican, to turn the prayer into victory. It Episcopalian, Christian Missionary came over us again and again that Alliance, Methodist, Presbyterian, the greatest hindrance to revival Lutheran, Baptist in their various branches. A large number testiis the friction and strife between fied to having received special the various members and branches blessing. A significant feature of of the Body; that it is only as we such testimonies was that most get right here that the Life could often the hindrance to blessing had flow to the members. The great been in wrong attitudes, such as lesson which we learned was that criticism and lack of love toward the Fire of the Spirit is Love. other m€mbers of the Body of There was no human leader in the Christ.

Not More Progress? opposition of priests, mullahs

"What is the greatest hindrance to "holy men," whose living and leadereffective missionary work 7" was a ship are dependent on their followers' question asked of many missionaries rejection of Christian teaching. It in our journey around the world. was so in the first century.

The answer,s were many and varied- 5. The failure of so-called Chris- some were superficial and inadequate; tians to live up to Christ's teaching is others showed experience and insight. a still greater obstacle. This includes We summarize a few: the evil influences emanating from 1. The lack of adequate financial nominal Christian countries of Europe sttpport was stressed in many places. and America. Degenerating movies, It was evident in such places as Ked- false and degrading literature, foreign gaon where the work that Pandita residents, and materialistic, agnostic Ramabai founded is being faithfully or atheistic teachings of some teach- and cheerfully carried on under diffi- ers from the Occident spread ideas culties-with a chapel never yet com- that often lead educated Hindus, Mos- pleted, sore need for a dispensary and lems, Chinese and Japanese not only a bookroom and with other depriva- to give up their traditional faith but tions in equipment and support. to reject all religion.

2. The lack of sufficient workers is 6. False ideas of God that come seriously felt as a real handicap and from false interpretations and views has been since the first missionaries of Christ and the Bible offer another were sent out. How few the workers hindrance that can scarcely be over- there are for such a great task! Iso- estimated. Wrong conceptions of the lated stations, like Hillah in Mesopo- deity of Christ lead Moslems to tamia and Muscat in Arabia, usually stumble. We heard Buddhist- and feel it most. Even the few evangel- Hindu priests misquoting and misin- istic workers are too often overcrowded terpreting the Scriptures, holding with educational, administrative or fi- Christianity up to ridicule and saying, nancial responsibilitie,s. One man or "This is the Christian idea of God and woman is thus called upon to do the of life." The ,same mistaken argu- work of three or four. As a result ment is popular in America among health and efficiency-and at times atheists.

spiritual life-suffer. 7. Similarly, the mistaken idea that 3. Inherited religious faiths and Christians, to be fair minded and to customs, imbedded in men's minds and gain a hearing, must praise all that is controling their lives, offer an almost good in non-Christian religions has insurmountable barrier to an accept- proved a reactionary influence. There ance of the Gospel of Christ. This is are truths and beauties in other re- seen particularly in Islam, Hinduism, ligions but they are not vital nor are Buddhism and other ethnic religions. they excluded from Christianity. Hin- Ignorance, superstition and prejudice dus and other non-Christians, hearing make the ground hard and unfruitful. their religions praised, are sometimes Family tradition and pride forbid a surprised to find in them excellences change of faith. that they had not suspected and are 4. Closely linked to this difficulty is wont to say: "Since our religion is the fanatical, and often wholly selfish, so good and true, why change." Thi,s 281

was one great mistake of the Chicago liefs and practices prevail? The fact Parliament of Religions and it has that in spite of these opposing forces been repeated in many volumes writ- men and women are being won to ten by Christian writers since that Christ and that lives are being transday. formed at the rate of 200,000 a year in these mission lands is a sure evi- 8. The growing unbelief and ration- dence of the power of God working in alism in the Church at home has also and through the missionaries. God is a widespread and detrimental influence honoring His Word where it is faithin the non-Christian lands. There, fully practiced; where Christ is truly educated leaders declare that Chris- lifted up He is drawing men to Himtians are themselves giving up their self. faith in Christ and the Bible-so why accept what others are rejecting. But the need of men for the life Non-Christian rationalism is also re- that Christ offers and the difficulties flected, if not always propagated, by that face His messengers form an insome of the young men and young centive and a call to the Church at women sent out to teach in mis.sion home to constant prayer in behalf of schools and colleges. A Christian these faithful workers at the front. In faith that is not vital, strong and face of these difficulties should we send positive is powerless-it is even anti- out any but the best? Only those di- Christian. vinely called, fully consecrated and spiritually equipped are ambassadors 9. One of tne most difficult influ- worthy to represent the Son of God in ences to combat abroad is that of these most difficult fields today. Asiatic students returning from America and Europe with reports that The Rattle Against Christ Christianity has failed to produce observance of law,' chastity, brotherly The whole contest against Christ love and other virtues in the lands and His way of life is not only being from which the missionaries come. carried on in foreign, non-Christian The contacts and {)bservations of these lands, and in Russia. Today in Amerstudents have often been unfortunate ica there are too many college and and have given them warped views. university profes-sors, and many They may have expected too much. papers and magazines that are spread- ing atheism and unbelief. Univer- 10. But the most devoted and Christ- sities that would not countenance false like missionaries of whom this ques- teachings and harmful speculations on tion was asked, did not hesitate to science, do not hesitate to give free say: "The greatest obstacle to the reign to professors who scout the idea progress of Christianity in our field of a God who has revealed Himself to is our own lack of spiritual power. man and of a code of morals that har- Many confessed to a failure to live monizes with the character and laws up to their own ideals, to a neglect of of a wise and holy God. Some editors prayer and Bible study, and to absorp- of periodicals and managers of pubtion in secondary pursuits. They lishing houses seem to think that their longed for more evidence of Christ in whole responsibility ts to produce their own lives and for complete c{)n- articles and stories and books that will trol by the Spirit of God. sell, regardless of their truth, whole- some or degenerating influence. One In Spite of Hindrances well known, and formerly highly hon- ored magazine, recently advertised an In face of these and other diffi- article by an atheist to prove that culties, including the natural hardness Christ and His atonement for sin is of the human heart and the human an incredible myth and that the Christendency to follow the down hill road tian God is non-existent. Another in the way of foolishness and sin, is it to be wondered at that progress is slow in lands where anti-Christian be-

TOPICS 01<' 'l'HE TIMES

magazine of equal reputation pub- the necessary absence of Dr. Arthur lished an article on "The Disappear- J. Brown, who acted as secretary of ance of God." Still other popular the Board and editor of THE REVIEW periodicals have printed papers on most acceptably for the year 1930.

such subjects as "Stoicism, a Substi- Sympathy was extended to Professor tute for God:' the "Failure of Chris- H. P. Beach and Fleming H. Revell, tian Missions," and similar topics members of the Board since its organ- aiming to de·stroy faith in Christ and ization, and detained on account of ill- His teachings as set forth in the Bible. ness. During the year one of the most Not content with thi·s, publishers generous and devoted friends of THE even print stories and essays against REVIEW, Mrs. John S. Kennedy, has a high standard of ethics and morals. entered into the Life Beyond; as have Many evils follow because leaders of also two other warm friends and suppublic opinion, who provide reading ports, Mrs. W. H. Woolverton and for our young people and for all Miss Emily H. Wheeler. classes, undertake to undermine the On account of the economic situabasis of morality and belief in God. tion we cannot report a large increase In non-Christian lands we deplore the in the number of subscribers, but ignorance and low or perverted stand- we give thanks that the financial deficit ards of life. Are we not too com- was made up through gifts received placent in o.ur attitude toward false from fourteen mission boards, and and harmful teaching in the schools from twenty-four individual givers. and colleges to which we send our Fifteen Boards and societies also children, toward the theatricals and helped materially by sending subscripmovies which we permit them to see tions to their missionaries. The one and toward the books and periodicals hundred and eighty authors of articles, which they are reading? How can we the Board of Directors, members of expect to raise up a new generation the Editorial Council, THE REVIEW of Christians who will purify and staff, the Foreign Missions Conferstrengthen church and state and busi- ence, the Federation of Women's ness, and who will be living witnesses Boards, the Home Missions Council, to Christ and His Gospel, if we are and the Council of Women for Home not determined to fight against what Missions have cooperated to make the is false and evil and fail to surround work effective. The Foreign Mi·ssion them with influences that will develop Conference appointed the following as Christ-like faith, character and life? members of the Editorial Council for the present year: Dr. William Ban- The World and the Review crdt Hill, Mrs. F. I. Johnson, Rev. Henry Smith Leiper, Mr. William B. The annual meeting of the Mis·sion- Lipphard, Dr. William P. Schell, and ary Review Publishing Company, was Dr. Mills J. Taylor. held in the Assembly Room, 156 Fifth Avenue, on Friday, February 27th, at The Home Missions Council ap- 3: 30 p. m. Dr. Robert E. Speer, pointed the following: Dr. William presiding. The meeting was opened R. King, Dr. John McDowell, Dr. with prayer by Dr. C. Luther Fry. Charles H. Sears, and the Rev. Jay S. Stowell. There were about one hundred and The company also publishes the fifty friends present including stock- Moslem World, but without assuming holders representing 69 votes and 191 financial responsibility for it. This proxies, making a quorum for the quarterly reports 20% increase in Bub- transaction of business. scribers. THE REVIEW received 1,492 The Minutes of the Annual Meeting new subscribers during the year; an for 1930 were approved as mailed to average of over four a day; about 70% stockholders. of our subscribers renew each year.

The secretary expressed regret at These are unfortunately not enough

to offset the losses which were, almost The Nominating Committee re- without exception, due to financial ported nominations for directors for difficulties. the coming year and the following were unanimously elected: Professor The editor of THE REVIEW had the Harlan P. Beach, Dr.. Samuel McCrea privilege of a world tour of missions Cavert, Dr. William 1. Chamberlain, last year and this year the Editor of Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, Dr. P. H. Lerrigo, the Best Methods Department, Mrs. Mr. Walter McDougall, Dr. Eric M. F. I. Johnson, is on a similar tour. North, Mr. Fleming H. Revell, Dr. Both of these journeys were independ- Robert E. Speer, and Mr. Delavan L. ently financed. Pierson and Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer. It was with ,sincere regret that the THE REVIEW is steadfast to the pur- declination of Dr. William Bancroft pose for which it was inaugurated- Hill was received. namely to present the world-wide need for the Gospel and the world- Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, editor of wide work of the Church of Christ The Moslem World, spoke of the inin all lands as carried on by all evan- debtedness of the quarterly to the gelical workers. We maintain ab- company for publishing the magazine solute loyalty to Christ and the New for the past fourteen years; and he Testament standards of faith and then gave an address on some of the practice. This is the only missionary present facts relating to Christian interdenominational review published work in Moslem lands. in America representing evangelical work in all lands. We believe that Dr. Speer, the president, delivered there is as real a need and as large his annual address calling attention to a place for THE REVIEW as ever. In- the need for clear, unequivocal and cluding all expenses it costs on the courageous ·stand for the New Testaaverage about four dollars a subscrip- ment Christian ideals and message to tion to publish the magazine and sub- be proclaimed in all lands, even though scribers pay less than half the ex- this may mean persecution, suffering pense. Consequently it is necessary and death to the messenger. to make up the difference by gifts from those who believe in this educa- The editor also made a brief adtional and missionary work. The dress, giving stereopticon views of hi.s Board of Directors hope that large recent world tour. The meeting closed hearted friends will count it a privi- with prayer by the president. lege to make up this financial deficit and to enable us to increase the use- ~ourage. btotber! bo not fulness of the REVIEW. Suggestions are invited from friends of THE RE- ~tumble VIEW as to improvements in the magazine and ways of enlarging its circle mbougb tbp patb be bark of readers. a~ nigbt The treasurer, Mr. Walter Mc- mbere's a ~tar to guibe tbt Dougall, presented the annual report bumblt which showed total receipts of $27,- 300.02 and expenditures amounting to "~ru~t in ~ob. anb bo tbt $27,335.84, leaving a small deficit. rigbt." The net current assets on December 31st amounted to $30,565.47 and fixed m:bouglJ tbt roab be long anb assets, $2,142.49. brtarp The audit committee, Dr. Eric M. ~nb it~ tnbing out of ~igbt North, chairman, reported that the ..11oot it brabtlp-~trong or books of the company have been audited for the years 1929 and 1930, wearp and were found correct. On motion, Hmru~t in ~ob. anti bo tbe these reports were accepted for filing. rigbt."

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

AROUND THE WORLD WITH God will send her a good husband, for CUPID the great event of her life is her mar- (A demonstration for college groups) riage. By MRS. H. M. LE SOURD When the husband at last appears, there is feasting and music for a This little demonstration was de- week. He comes in the garb of an signed to set forth some marriage cus- ascetic with a wreath of white flowers toms in several mission lands. The around his neck. He has passed the bridal costumes of these countries day in worship and prayer for the de- may be obtained at a small rental fee parted spirits of his ancestors begging from most Board headquarter.s. How- twin blessings on himself and the girl ever, you will not find it difficult to he is about to marry. The bride too, make your .own. has passed the day in fasting and Music appropriate to the country prayer. Face to face the young couple represented should be played as each sit, their clothes tied together, his bride enters and takes her place. hand placed on hers. The reverend As a background for the demonstra- priest, bronze statue in orange robes, tion plain velvet portiers will give the lifts the garland and slips it over both best eifect, although more elaborate heads, and the ceremony is ended.

decorations may be used. The bride goes to her husband's You will find only two rehearsals home, but she is not alone, she is part necessary. The charm of this little of the great composite family of per- play is its simplicity not only in prep- haps over a hundred being·s. Every- aration but execution. You will find one watches her.

it easy to stage either in a church or When she and the bridegroom at home. last find themselves alone together, it INDIA is not the meeting of two lovers in (Given by a good reader, after the ardent embrace and kisses. All is bride has appeared) prayer. They must lie side by side for two nights in divine communion. Perhaps the most inhuman wrong practiced on the women of India is It would be impossible to exaggerate child marriage. Every Hindu girl is the evils of child-marriage. Physicala wife or widow at 14 and in many ly, it leads to torture, deformity, conparts of India, much younger. Girls stitutional ill-health and even to death have actually been married before by violence. It is pitiable for the child they were a year old, and when from wife to be obliged to submit herself 4 to 6 years of age, they very common- to the temper and often tyranny of ly cease to be single. her husband, but when the despotism and cruelty of several elderly women They are frequently married to is added to this, her lot may better be child husbands, but there are hundreds imagined than described. of cases where the husband is a man of forty, fifty or even sixty, and the PHILIPPINE ISLANDS child wife may be his fourth or fifth.

In the prayers that the Hindu girl The manner of wooing is rather pe- lifts with her mother, they both pray culiar. The man who wishes to pay 285

his addresses to a woman gets the combat in which he is always victori- consent of her mother and father. He ous, he enters. The other guests fol- is received by the entire family, when low and each one is presented with a he calls but is never allowed, in any cup or cigar by the family of the bride.

way, to show her any special favor or No one must be omitted or the mar- attention. He must devote himself to riage will be unlucky. The dowry is the family. If he wishes to take her paid to the mother.

to the theatre or concert he must take The bridegroom is then seated on the entire family. The proposal must a pile of mattresses and cushions in come from the man's parents and then company with his friends. Dancing the Captain of the Ship of the Mar- is going on in the center. The bride riage Broker sets a day on which the is in a private room making her toilet.

suitor may procure a number of tooth Before all the guests, the groom picks each one representing a dollar dons first a pair of gauze trousers for the purpose of buying a wife. The several sizes too large. Then a skirt modern stock market scene follows. that is far too small, made of rich The broker tries to beat the price up silk. Two long ribbons of gold and and the bridegroom wants it low. A silver cross over his breast and tie in fight follows, but the groom always the back. wins out. For a week or more before the marriage the bride elect is car- The bridegroom is squatted on the ried about iri a sort of wicker bamboo floor and a saucer of live coals is set hammock, borne on the shoulders of before him. The priest places five two young men and she goes about large rings upon the right hand of paying visits to her intimate friends. the bridegroom and recites a l.ong She is not allowed to put her foot to rigmarole. A Philippine pendita the ground or do any manual labor. begins to sing louder and louder which is a signal for six bridesmaids to en- The trousseau of a rich Philippine ter and seat themselves among the girl consists of dozens and dozens of cushions. They have false finger nails rich dresses. No other article is of of silver two inches long. Their faces interest. Marriage is not a question of affection, seemingly. The only are painted with rice paste and their thing necessary is money enough to eyebrows are artificially broadened pay the priest. Very often all rites and their front hair banged. The are set aside. The man chooses his bride then enters and turns her back on the groom as the latter makes a companion, the two live together and pilgrimage to her side. After being probably rear a large family. repulsed, he gazes disconsolately at The marriage ceremony is quite a her back. The crowd extends its sym- complicated affair. At the proper pathy and urges the bride to relent.

time, the suitor goes to a place pre- Finally after many entreaties, she viously decided upon, and sends a mes- turns and faces the bridegroom and senger to the bride's house to ask, the ceremony is ended.

"Can the ship come to anchor 1" The A dance follows, and no one may future bride sends a messenger to refuse to dance. After the dancing, reply in the affirmative. A second comes a feast furnished by the bride. message from the groom says, "We Dancing and feasting alternate until have anchored." The bride's family the food supply is exhausted. While then send the toothpicks, each of the guests are eating, the second time, which represents a dollar in value, and the door is opened, and the bride and the suitor thus learns how much dow- groom appear. They eat alone, to the ry is demanded for the bride. accompaniment of music, and then When necessary preparations are dance together. This completes the concluded, the groom goes to the home ceremony, but the festivities usually of the bride's parents. After a mock last until the following morning.

19311 METHODS FOR WORKERS

AFRICA slaves, losing our individuality, and almost our identity. (Given by the bride hcr::;clf) CHINA I am Naga, a bride from Africa and I come to tell you of the marriage (Given by a good reader) customs of my land. Weddings in China are celebrated When I was but twelve years of with a great deal of formality and age, a man from the next town came expense. Betrothals are generally conto my father asking to marry me. tracted at a very early age. Initiative is almost always made by a woman He was willing to pay a sheet of called a "go-between." She is acbrass for me. quainted with all the families of the neighborhood. She suggests to par- After bargaining one way and the ents a desirable match for their son. other, my father decided to accept the She forms the medium for carrying sheet of brass, but he must also have on communication between the two two tusks of ivory in payment. families, as it is regarded as improper and indelicate for parents of either Sometimes in my country the bride- family to see the other or for parents groom pays for his bride in goats, or to arrange marriage without the "godogs or dog collars, exchange of wom- between." en, the father securing a new wife for himself at the same time that he Idea of courtship, love-letters, etc., gives his daughter in marriage. are quite shocking to right-minded Chinese persons. While the' bridegroom and my father were bargaining, I brought them Betrothal is consummated by exthings to eat, which my mother had change of presents and the making prepared. I then saw how old and over to the parents of the groom a ugly the man who was to be my hus- formal document. The relation of band was, and I cried out that I hated husband and wife is thus constituted him, and stamped my feet; but every- and the engagement i·s regarded as one except my mother laughed at me, sacred and binding as if the marriage for it was. quite the custom for the had been performed.

husband of a young girl to be old and Chinese women sometimes live as widows for life because their husbands ugly. We grow accustomed to it after died when very young boys. These a while. widows who have never been married spend their lives with the parents of The bartering is then completed and deceased husbands and devote them- I am the property of my husband. selves to caring for them.

All the next day there is feasting Previous to the wedding day, the and dancing in my father's village bride has her eyebrows pulled out so and at sundown, I am taken in a cara- that she is ever afterward recognized van of my husband's people to his as a married woman. town, only my mother and a few of my friends accompanying me. O~ the m.orning of her wedding day, she IS carfled to the home of her fu- When we arrive at my husband's ture husband in a beautiful and highly village, I am encircled by women of ornamental bridal chair. Red is the his household, who dance around me color of bridal chamber and costume. singing songs of ridicule and scorn. They worship together the spirit tab- My mother responds to them with an- lets of the ancestors of the brideother song, which is a plea that they groom. Parties first see each other's care for me and provide enough food faces when seated by the bridal bed. for my body. Then, weeping my moth- The bride's veil is removed and the er and I part and she goes back to my two parties drink wine from the same father's people, while I am left among strangers as the unhappy slave of my husband. For we brides of Africa are seldom happy and are sold from one husband to another until we are mere

cup. Then they receive congratula- timating each other's personal appeartions and the groom and guests feast, ance and character. but the bride does not eat at the wedding feast. As filial duty is a prominent element in Confucian morality, it is very sel- NOTE: IIu ve four coolies em'ry briUe in on dom that children object to their pararm chair supported by two poles, Bride car· ents' choice. Under the influence of ries umbrella over which is thrown a bright Western customs the young people, in red c10th which completely hides her face. Sbe recent years, have raised objections lifts this as she steps out and starts to speak. and the marriage broker has to begin all over again until he finds a suitable JAPAN mate.

(Given by a good reader) After the first meeting the bride- groom sends gifts of clothes and food Japanese women seldom have ca- to the lady, and if these are accepted reers, for they are always expected to they are considered engaged. A lucky marry. One rarely meets a spinster day is chosen before which time the over twenty in Japan, for they are bridegroom makes a formal visit to considered a discredit to their family the bride's home and meets all the and are kept in close seclusion. It was family. On the wedding day the bride a custom for the married women to is dressed entirely in white, the blacken their teeth when they went mourning garb of the country, and is upon the street, but the spinsters also carried to the home of the bridegroom, often did this rather than admit they where she changes her dress to a more were single, ana so the custom dropped festive one. As the feast is in proginto disuse. The marriage tie is a ress, the bride and groom and two loose one and can be dissolved without servants withdraw to another room legal procedure. Divorce can be ob- and pledge each other three times with tained for disobedience to the husband three cups of wine, exchange rings, or the husband's relatives, for talka- and join hands, which makes them tiveness or jealousy. The mother-in- man and wife. They then change law usually has absolute dominion clothes and return to the feast to reover the daughter-in-law. In the lower ceive congratulations. Again leaving classes, a wife may be divorced if she the feast, they return to the private cannot keep her husband's business room and go through pledging again. accounts. Religion plays no part in it, and it all takes place at night, with no press Personal attraction or preference announcement and no honeymoon. At plays no part in the Japanese mar- the end of the feast the guests leave. riage. It is entirely a matter of busi- The names of the couple are entered nes-s, the affair and the terms made at the Registry Office and the marby a marriage broker or middleman. riage ceremony is completed. If the daughter has no brothers the bridegroom must take the bride's fam- MOSLEM ily name in order to have a succession. As it is hard to persuade a man to (Given by a good reader) do this the marriage broker has to use special diplomacy in arranging From the standpoint of humanity such a marriage. and civilization the most glaring evil of Islam, next to the exultation of war, Women of Japan enjoy more free- is the practice of child marriage. Mardom than in other Oriental countries. riage among children is common, as The marriage age is fifteen for girls is also the marriage of little girls to and seventeen for men. Each must older and old men. It is written in the have the consent of both families. Koran, that he whose daughter reaches twelve years of age and has not been A betrothal feast is held, shared by giVen in marriage and falls into sin, all the members of both families and the young couple for the first time in their lives have an opportunity of eS-

METHODS FOR WORKERS

he is responsible for that sin. The be at home or in the church. There saddest case·s Christian physicians is absolutely only one variation. It have to treat are those of little girls makes no difference whether the girl who ought to be enjoying games and is young or old, maid or widow, rich school life, seriously injured, if not or poor, exquisitely beautiful or hidmaimed for life, as a result of this eously ugly, the only thing that varies horrible practice. is the trousseau of clothes which is given by the man to his bride, and the Young or old, the wife is an inferi- quality of this depends on his means. or, a plaything, or a slave. A father can dispose as he pleases of the hand A Moslem woman i·s the property of his daughter without asking her of her husband. She exists to give consent, whatever her age may be. him pleasure and bear his children. Men marry at sixteen, and girls from If she fails in this because of ill nine to twelve years of age. So a girl health, he may cast her aside, neglect of eleven has often been married and her, leave her to die, divorce her, or divorced several times. A Mohamme- at best allow her to lead a colorless dan marriage is a contract, rather existence in the household presided than a sacrament. A man makes his over by another wife. If, after marchoice of a female and then the law riage, she is' disobedient, she is given allows him to see her first, if he solitary confinement. Repeated acts wishes, but the majority never take of disobedience call for corporal punthat much trouble. Accompanied by ishment, which the husband is allowed friends, he goes to the house of an to inflict. The Mohammedan is alagent and there settles the amount of lowed four wives, but must treat them the dowry, which is paid to the girl's with strict impartiality. mother. The Moslem law appoints no specific religious sacrament to be ob- AMERICA served on the occasion of marriage. Mutual consent in the presence of wit- (Given by a good reader) nesses is sufficient to make marriage valid. It is hardly necessary for me to go into detail regarding American cus- On the day appointed for the mar- toms of marriage for the audience no riage, the bridegroom, accompanied by doubt is composed of has-beens, and some friends, goes to the place agreed would-be-brides-to-be. In every womupon. Two trustworthy witnesses an's heart there is the desire to somemust be present. All persons then re- time marry. American women have cite the first chapter of the Koran, careers and marry later in life, or they and the bridegroom then delivers the may marry and then have careers. dowry. The bridegroom and the agent The girl may have many suitors and of the bride sit upon the ground face she is priviledged to make her choice. to face and grasp each other's right It is best, however, for her to have hand, raising the thumbs and press- the consent of her parents, though no ing them against each other. Having hardship is brought to bear if she passed a handkerchief over their marries without. hands, the guardian says, "I marry to thee my daughter, for a dowry of such The marriage ceremony is regarded and such an amount." The bridegroom as most sacred and binding upon both then says, "I accept from thee her parties. The only part not regarded marriage with myself and take her so is the throwing of rice, old shoes, under my care and engage myself to hats, cane,s and the like, and this part afford her protection, and ye who are is rapidly falling into disuse. The present bear witness to this." ceremony is always performed by a minister, priest, or justice of the There is no discussion among Mo- peace. Sometimes the wedding may hammedans whether the wedding will be quite an elaborate affair. Parties, dinners, and showers being given a 4

month or two preceding the wedding yellow, with tissue paper, or bunting, day by friends of the bride as well as and two members of the group be sethe family. Hundreds of guests may lected to have charge of this, just inbe invited to witness the ceremony, or side the door, and to place carefully it may be a simple wedding with the in it all the eggs that are brought to bride, bridegroom, and two witnesses the party. The disposal of the eggs, completing the party. after the party, may be left to the leader, but the children should be in- The two are priviledged to establish formed of their destination and should a home if they so desire and the girl it be possible that one or two (or as may be the master of her own house- a group), could take part in the delivhold. ery of the eggs, that would add to the interest. Freedom is the outstanding feature in American ideals and customs and The singing of Easter songs and the American girl has the freedom of the playing of one or two games in marrying or not marrying: freedom which the tiny egg-shaped candies of choice, freedom of ceremony and could be used or a chocolate egg or freedom of establishing a home. bunny given as a prize to the winner, would help make it a real party. Or- NOT": You may want to change the above. dinary white beans may take the place Have this bride In a real wedding dre.s, a bou- of little eggs and when hidden in variquet may be obtained for the occasion from " ous places about the room make good photographer, material for an Easter-egg hunt, in which all the children present may A HOME MISSIONARY EASTER join. The prize might go, as a con- solation, to the child finding the least. EGG PARTY After the singing of some such A party would not be a real party hymn as "Jesus Christ Is Risen Towithout something to eat, but this day" the following prayer could be retime most of the things to eat will not peated in unison, (the leader having be used at the party but be carried to printed it on a blackboard or large someone shut in, or to someone who is sheet of paper where all may read) : not able to have many parties or good things to eat at any time. On slips of Dear Jesus, who died on the cross for colored paper, cut in the shape of an our sins, egg, if desired, the following invitation might be printed or written and And who now dwells in heaven sent to other children in the church above, or community who would be interested in coming to the party: Please bless our small efforts to bring Easter joy To a little Easter party that we're giv- ing (day of week) next To sad hearts, and to thus show Thy love.-Amen. We'd like to have you come at three, and hope you'll not be vexed NEGRO MEETING If we ask that you will bring an egg I asked the pastor of a negro Bap- or two, or three, or more- ti~t Church to send us his choir to sing spirituals at an evening meeting. To place within the basket that you'll The cooperation was splendid and find inside the door. ended by their supplying the whole program. A cultured young colored And then on Easter morning, with stenographer gave a splendid paper some other girl or boy, on, "The Literature of the Negroes." Another girl recited, and the choir Who is sick or sad or lonely, we may sang. They had refreshments with share our Easter joy. us. Two at least of our "Missionary Women" refused to come, but the re- (The time, "three" mentioned above, can of course be changed to any hour desired.) The leader should have in readiness a large basket decorated in mauve and

suIt was an increase in racial under- is a dramatization, personalization or Ht.anding. program thought out and prepared by the Juniors themselves. This is a real Later, however, when I tried to demonstration of the spirit of the bring a colored woman, a graduate of children and will bring the parents to Yale Music School, wife of a gradu- a realization of the value of the mis- ate of Ohio University, and a Y. M. sionary spirit as nothing else will. C. A. worker, as a guest singer, I was not permitted to do so as the pastor's Public programs by the children's wife said we had to "be careful." organization should be carried out at least once or twice a year and all SIMPLE RECREATIONAL METHOD parents, including fathers and grand- fathers, should be invited. Write names, stations, and countries, of half as many missionaries of It is not possible, however, to reach your own Board as you have women the uninterested parents who do not in your meeting. send their children to the missionary organization meetings through their Separate names from stations and programs. They must be reached countries, pass out names and corres- through the Sunday-school, or some ponding stations and countries. adult organization which they attend. Put boys and girls on the programs of Let the women who have the names your adult societies and have missionfind the stations and reseat name and ary demonstrations in the Sundaystation together, the leader carefully school as frequently as possible. A adjusting any misfits. simple recitation or song by a child may interest all or many members of It breaks up formality, brings wom- a household. A very simple exercise en together who should know each for a Sunday-school, or adult organizaother better, fixes names and stations tion meeting, may be "The Stairway in mind. to Success." Have any number of chil- dren, each of a different size, from the A MEN'S MEETING smallest child possible reaching up to the adult standing in a row on the We asked the men of our Society to platform to form a stairway. take full charge of an evening meeting, not a woman's voice was to be The adult may be the Sunday-school heard! superintendent or the president of an adult organization. Without words The husband of the President was this exercise illustrates the thought in the chair and the husband of every of the success of the adult activity other officer took her duties. depending upon the training of the children. A picture of such a stair- They chose "Missions and Peace" way may convey the lesson in the form for their subject. A professor led the of a poster under which are the words devotionals; a lawyer, popular as a speaker, gave the main address; a WATCH YOUR STEP man was at the piano; a bass sang a solo. or A large offering was demanded and new members were insisted upon. The men entered into the spirit of the thing and many considered the meeting one of the finest ever offered.

REACHING THE PARENT KEEP THE CHILDREN THROUGH THE CHILD We live in deeds, not words; Perhaps the best way to reach a In thoughts, not breaths; parent's heart is through programs in In feelings, not in figures on the dial. which his child takes part. All of the Life counts time by heart throbs Boards are publishing splendid pro- He lives most who thinks most, grams for boys and girls. Best of all Feels the noblest, acts the best.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York, and FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Exe.cutive SecretaTies of the Council of Women for Home Missions and Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS Mrs. L. R. Rounds, Mrs. Lewis L. Anewalt. Secretary-Mrs. John C. Shover. Treasurer- Mrs. Frank Gaylord Cook. Assistant Treasurer- Mrs. Philip M. Rossman. Executive, Secretary-Miss Florence G. Tyler.

MRS. HOWARD MISS FLORENCE Committees and Chairmen "VAYNE SlfI'fTl O. tl'YLER Administrative-Mrs. Howard Wayne President Executive Becretat'V Smith.

Officers By-Laws-Mrs. Clayton D. Eulette. Foreign Students-Mrs. Leslie E. President – Mrs. Howard Wayne Smith. Swain. Home Base-Miss Amelia D. Kemp. Honorary Vice-President-Mrs. Henry Industrial-Miss Lucy Kent. W. Peabody. International Relations-Mrs. E. H.

First Vice-Preside.nt-Miss Margaret Silverthorn. E. Hodge. Missionary Prepal·ation-Mrs. Agnes Vice-Presidents-Mrs. DeWitt Knox, C. L. Donohugh. Mrs. William Edgar Geil, Miss'ions and Governments~Mrs. Wil- Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, Mrs. F. 1. Johnson, liam L. Darby. Mrs. H. A. Lavell, St1lde.nt Work-Miss Jean Dayton. Mrs. James C. Colgate, Nominating-Miss Carrie M. Kersch- Mrs. D. J. Fleming, Mrs. William L. Darby, ner. Mrs. Ernest A. Evans, Interdenominational Institutions on the Foreign Field-Miss Margaret E. Hodge. ConfeTences a,nd Schools of Mission.s -Miss Carrie M. Kerschner. World Day of Prayer-Mrs. S. S. Hough.

COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS Officers Thil'd Vice-President~Mrs. Fred S. Bennett. President-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. Honora1'Y PTesident-Mrs. George W. Recording SecretaTy-Miss Julia Flor- ance. Coleman (President, 1908-1915). First Vice-P1·esident-Mrs. Philip M. Treasureri—Mrs. Edwin W. Lentz.

Rossman. Executive Officers Second Vice-P1·esident-Mrs. Millard Executive SecretaTy-Miss Florence L. Robinson. E. Quinlan (until April 1).

292 MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD HRs. PHILIP M. ROSS{AN ~rRS. M. L. ROnTNSO~ MRS. FRED S. BENNE'l'T Prc8idc11 t Fir8t Vice-Pre8ident Second rice-Prcside1J t 'l'htra Yice-President Director, Ind'ian Work-Miss Helen JOINT STANDING M. Brickman. With Federation of Woman's Boards Sec1'etary for Migrant Work-Miss of Foreign Missions Edith E. Lowry. World Day of Prayer-Mrs. S. S. Western S1tpervisor, Migrant Work- Hough. Miss Adela J. BalTard, 228 McAllis- ter Street, San Francisco, Califor- W'ith MissionU11} Education Movement nia. Joint Committee on Home Mission Assistant Treasnrer-Miss G. Evelyn Lite1'Uture>–Miss E. Jessie Ogg. Morse. With Federation and Movement Conlmittees and Cl1airlllen Conferences and Schools of Missions- STANDING Miss Carrie IVr. Kerschner. Leadership Training-Mrs. Orrin R. .4dministrative-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. ChautauqurIr-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. Judd . Finance-Miss Ruth B. Rule. International Relations-Miss Elinor With Home Missions Council K. Purves. Joint Administrative-Mrs. Orrin R. Legislative MatteI's – Mrs. Samuel Judd.

Semple. AlaskrIr-Dr. Edward D. Kohlstedt. Migrant Work – Mrs. Kenneth D. City and New Americans-Dr. Charles Miller. H. Sears. Student Work-Miss Muriel Day. Indian Work-Dr. Frank A. Smith. Study Courses~Miss May Huston. SPECIAL Annual Meeting – Miss Amelia D.

Kemp. – Eva Clark Waid Metnorial Fund for Woyld Peace- Mrs. F. W. Wilcox.

Nominating~Mrs. J. J. Pearsall.

Office Administmtion- Mrs. F. W. Wilcox.

Study of Litemtnre-Mrs. Edwin W. Lentz.

S-u,1'vey a:nd Pol.icy-Mrs. Fred S. Ben- nett.

Mas. EDWIN W. LENTZ ~Ba(hTa(h) 'rhe }]el,L ln~H, Hf1:vn:w htld flichH'I'~ of "'Irs. COlelllUll. )[i~8 QuiulalL lind :':Jix~ Bl'i(~klllan; 7'rea8U1"f~r MISS JULIA FLORANCE October, 192U, pictlwes of :Jliss Lmvry und Miss Ballard; ::Ha;YI 1930 , group pictllres in which ReoortJing Seoretwrll Miss Morse and Miss Kaiser appear.

JOINT SPECIAL The Origin of Good Will Day With Federation and National Council In the little neutral country of Hol- of Federated Church Women land, in a great hall in the Queen's palace, the delegates sat for three Relationships-Mrs. Fred S. Bennett. months in secret session, wrestling futilely with the problem of arma- With Home Missions Council and ments, but making great progress in Federal Council planning for mediation and arbitra- tion. Finally, the German delegates Comity and Five-Year Program of balked and disaster seemed imminent. Survey and Adjustment-Dr. Her- But our great ambassador, Andrew D. White, sent an envoy to Berlin showmann N. Morse. ing documents to the skeptical Hohen- lohe and Von Bulow proving that Other Personnel America cared tremendously. Thirty- one Baptist clergymen in Oregon had Office Secretary – Miss Virginia cabled a petitior.; a bishop in Texas Kaiser. had written a prayer offered every Sunday by thousands for the success Directors of Religious Edncation of the Conference. These and similar demonstrations had weight. The Kaiser Government Indian Schoob removed the objections and the work went on. Half a dozen men of hope Albuquerque and Santa Fe, New Mex- and courage saved the day. ico—-Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Ross. The Hague Tribunal of Internation- Flandreau, South Dakota and Pipe- al Arbitration was established; a stone, Minnesotar-Mr. Isaac Grey- panel of judges of four from each earth. country was chosen and the legal ma- chinery set up whereby mediation by Genoa, Nebraskar-Rev. J. M. Hinds. neutrals could be urged when war Haskell Institute, Lawrence, Kansas- threatened, and arbitration be carried out. In six years, as a result of this Rev. A. A. Van Sickle. beginning in international cooperation, Sherman Institute, Riverside, Califor- looking toward world organization, one portentous war had been prevented, nia!—–Rev. Floyd O. Burnett, Miss another great war ended and the Veva Wight. United States had carried the first Theodore Roosevelt School, For t case to the Tribunal and others fol- Apache, A r i Z 0 n a—Miss Pearl lowed. This body of jurists now nomi- Fletcher. nates the judges of the World Court. ORGANIZE THE WORLD A second Conference was held in By MRS. LUCIA AMES MEAD 1907 with 44 member nations. Had the proposals then of Secretary Elihu Reprinted by permission from June, 1930, Root been accepted by all and lived up Facts and Factors} published by the Massa· to, the World War could have been prechusetts Federation of Churches and Council vented; 30,000,000 would not have of Religious Education. suffered death, or wounds, or starva- tion and we would not have lost Fifty- In August, 1898, 26 nations having One Thousand Million Dollars in a ambassadors at St. Petersburg re- war that did not end war or make the ceived from the Tsar's minister a world safe for democracy. The lesson startling rescript inviting them to of May 18th is that Good Will must be meet and consider the limitation of organized. Organize the World! armaments. Most of these nations were skeptical, but strong men in many nations recognized a great call and hope. William T. Stead, the noted British publicist, earnestly welcomed it, started a new organ, established a center in London sending out speakers for months all over England. He sent young Ramsay Macdonald over here to strengthen our interest in the coming conference to be opened on the Tsar's birthday, May 18, 1899.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

APPEAL OF WOMEN TO THE charge of national honor and the safe- guard of humanity. WORLD'S STATESMEN The International Council of Women, Geneva, September, 1930 Ishbel Aberdeen & Temair.

The undersigned organizations, rep- Women's International League for resenting more than forty millions of Peace and Freedom, Jane Addams. women working in various ways in fifty-six different countries of the The World's Young Women's Chrisworld to forward international under- tian Association, C. M. Van Asch standing and cooperation, feel im- Van Wyck. pelled to call attention to an increasing and ominous tendency of the The International Alliance of Women press, the general public and even for Suffrage and Equal Citizenship, governmental circles to discuss, or ad- M. 1. Corbett Ashby. mit in discussion, the possibility of another war; this in utter disregard The World Union of Women for Inof the sacred Pact formally renouncing ternational Concord, Clara Guthrie war, which has just been signed by D'Arcis. fifty-seven civilized nations. The International Federation of Uni- This constitutes a flagrant slur on versity Women, Winifred Cullis. the national honor of the signatories of the Briand-Kellogg Pact, a direct TOKYO JOSHI DAIGAKU menace to the youth of the world and to humanity in general. It cannot and (Woman'. Ohristian Oollege) must not be tolerated! By DR. A. K. REISCHAUER We stagger under an unprecedented burden of armaments in the midst of Executive Secretary of the College commercial depression and economic warfare. We have come to a critical Life on the campus is humming this moment of upheaval and unrest and year. The business depression, keenly we demand the energetic action of felt in Japan, has reduced the number every constructive force. of students from 496 to 465, but there is no feeling of depression in the col- We declare the work for peace to be lege atmosphere. The handsome new the most urgent task before the world Library and Administration Building today. We appeal, therefore, to every is rising in the center of the quadranright-thinking person and, in particu- gle and the pouring of concrete and lar, to women, who pay the first cost beating of hammers makes music in of human life, to realize their respon- our ears. This building, entirely paid sibility and power. We ask every for before completed, with the Library single individual to use his active in- section a gift from an independent fluence to combat the idea of a re- woman missionary of Japan through course to violence as the solution of the Methodist Board, is the first opany problem; to work by word and portunity afforded us to go beyond the deed for the eradication of the psy- purely practical and necessary, and chological causes of war-fear, igno- embody some of the beauty and idealrance and greed; and to promote by ism of education in architecture. every means the recognition of the oneness of humanity and the interde- The practical has not been lost sight pendence of nations. of for there is ample provision for the business staff on the first floor, and a We demand of our statesmen, elect- cafeteria and school supply store on ed by the people-if they value their the ground floor. Both of these are privilege of service-to increase their managed by the Alumnre Association efforts and henceforward to make the who wish to guide the diet of these whole-hearted 0 b s e r van c e of the young women along new and more Briand-Kellogg Pact the supreme wholesome lines, and add a steady in- come to their growing endowment fund. The spacious Library and read- ing rooms, the alcoves of bllOks on

special subject,s to which the students lege; two are Y. W. C. A. workers; will have access, and the well-equipped one an officer in the National W. C. stock rooms will provide one of the T. U., in the white slave traffic definest libraries in Japan. The attrac- partment; two are living in social tive lounge with its comfortable settlement houses in the ,slums of chairs, warm coloring, and decorative Tokyo managing a children's Chrispalms will give a sense of welcome to tian library and girls' clubs; while all who come on business; while up- the daughter of the popular General stairs two pleasantly furnished con- Yamamuro of the Salvation Army is ference rooms offer a homey atmos- principal of the Officers' Training phere in which human members of the School of this outstandinl!' Christian family may meet in friendly conver- organization. This spirit of sacrificial sation with any girl who has need of service ("Service and Sacrifice" is the sympathy or advice. school motto), is growing steadily in the student body as is evidenced by Written across the front of the the conducting of a Sunday school for building is the ideal of our college the children of the neighborhood and education,-"W HAT S 0 EVE R the entertaining of a working girls' THINGS ARE TRUE" :-from the club in this suburb, as well as by the peak of the center roof flames a torch, voluntary work of the girls in helping catching the rays of the sun by day to beautify the campus, and their large and of artificial light by night-this, contributions towards buying equipthe emblem of the school, embodying ment for future generations of stuthe hope that goes out with each dents to enjoy. graduate. Japan needs educated women, with the courage that goodness There are still two great needs in and self-respect give, to lead the na- the line of building before this Womtion through her womanhood to the an's Christian College is equipped to abundant life free to all. The produc- serve the best interests of this largest ing of Christian leadership in the body of college-grade women in a home, the classroom, the office, in the Christian institution in the Orient. political and social life of the people, Another dormitory unit in order that is the aim of this Woman's Christian at least 50% of the students may live College. on the campus and receive all the ben- efits of extra-curricular activities and To what extent has this hope been have more personal contact with the realized in the one decade past? Quite staff of Western teachers; and a sufficiently to give courage and renew building combining a chapel and audiefforts for the future. As would be torium for cultivating the spiritual expected in the Orient, the great ma- and !esthetic life of the ,students. The jority of the girls are married by desire is for a chapel small enough to their families soon after leaving col- house comfortably the definitely Chrislege. Of the relatively ·small remain- tian group on the campus amid surder, who are allowed temporarily to roundings beautiful and creative of go into some kind of work or are ex- the spirit of reverence and wor·ship, pected to earn a living, many are car- and under the same roof to have an rying the torch. In the college itself auditorium where the entire student there are thirteen in positions of re- body, their families and the surroundsponsibility on the faculty, among the ing community, may come regularly administrative staff, in charge of the for religious services and various Alumnre Association 8tore and cafe- gatherings that enrich and ennoble teria, and as housemothers in the dor- life. Who can fail to imagine the hold mitories. Each year several are ·such a place would have on the lives engaged to teach in missionary sec- of those attending? May Christian ondary schools for girls. At present women catch the vision of such an three are studying in the States in influence in moulding the character of Ann Arbor. Well~sley and Wilson Col-

this large and eager group of their 3. You will not profiteer. You will younger sisters in Japan, and having not raise the prices of native caught the vision, make it a reality! goods because the people are now showing a greater interest in THE CAPA SCHOOL them.

The Capa School of Stamboul is not 4. You will strive to learn how to buy only interested in preparing girls for your goods as cheaply as possible the teaching profession, but in pre- so that, in turn, you may sell paring women for various practical them as reasonably as you can. professions. At the present time 150 students are taking the normal course The duties of Turkish factory owners: in home economics. Five specialists from Belgium and France are direct- 1. Great success is made by large ing the school. The first two classes stocks, so you must try to save are devoted to general secondary edu- and collect money to increase cation. During the last three, speeial- your stocks. ty is given in various subjects. Cooking, millinery, dressmaking, and other 2. You must try in every way to insubjects a domestic science course will crease the number of articles provide. which can be manufactured in Turkey and to improve the This year. the school has enlarged quality of all manufactured goods, its work to include night classes for so that Turkish-made articles may working women. The practical side of soon be the equal of all importadomestic science is given. These tions. courses are designed not so much to produce specialists or teachers as to FOR OFFICERS AND STAFFS prepare women to be better housewives. Give me, 0 Lord, that quietness of heart that makes the most of labor and DUTIES OF A TURKISH CITIZEN rest. Save me from passionate excite- AND A TURKISH MERCHANT ment, petulant fretfulness and idle fear, keeping me in the restful presence of Much is being written in the papers Thy love. Teach me to be alert in all these days about the duties of loyal responsibilities, without hurry and with- Turks in supporting native-made out neglect. Tame Thou and rule my products. The following points were tongue that I may not transgress Thy published in a leading Stamboul paper law of love. When others censure may as indicative of the highest type of I seek Thine image in each fellowman, Turkish citizen in his various rOles as judging with charity as one who shall buyer, producer and middleman. be judged. Banish envy from my thoughts and hatred from my lips. Help The duties of a Turkish citizen: me to be content, amid the strife of 1. You will try to save as much as you tongues, with my unspoken thought. spend. When anxious cares threaten my peace, 2. You will choose native materials help me to run to Thee, that I may find whether or not they are in style my rest, and be strong for endurance at present. and service.-Selected. 3. You will not mix foreign foods with native products at your dinners. WHOEVER ALLOWS HIMSELF TO 4. You will not spend your money for luxuries such as beads and neck- GET OUT OF PATIENCE laces. Whoever allows himself to get out of The duties of a Turkish merchant: patience comes to the falling-off place 1. You will not import materials that before he is aware of it. By indulging are made or could be made in in temper and saying cruel words a man Turkey. loses control of himself, and his tongue 2. You will sell materials of the best grows keener and more bitter and he ef- quality that are manufactured fects nothing an(l hurts forever the man locally. he attacks. Do not turn friendship into hatred by hasty speech. "By conquering yourself you have conquered me," were the words accompanying the capitulation of a great Indian chief to one of our Colonilll governors. Think it over.

-John Wanamaker.

~RLD-1nDEOUrLOO~~1

INDIA Lord Irwin, has declared that Mr. Gandhi and the British Agree Gandhi, the man he imprisoned only nine months ago f.or defying British A REPORT from Delhi on March authority, not only was an able peace 3, announces that an agreement negotiator, but had established a had been reached between Mahatma record for endurance, patience and Gandhi, leader of the Indian Nation- perseverance which men of greater alist party, and the British Govern- physique and ·strength could scarcely ment of India. Just twelve months equal. after Gandhi and his lieutenants of the Congress party initiated their Mr. Gandhi and Narcotics campaign of civil disobedience, the stormy petrel of Indian politics and OPIUM is a curse to India-espethe Viceroy, Lord Irwin, reached a cially to mothers and children. compromise. . This means that the One of Mahatma Gandhi's demands is Indian Nationalists will have seats at that the British do all in their power the round table conference. The Con- to block the sale of intoxicants and gress party's campaign of civil dis- narcotics. The Indian Government licenses the sale of opium and intoxi. obedience, which included defiance of cants throughout India-in spite of the salt laws, non-payment of taxes, the protest of many leading natives. holding of illegal as·semblies and mass Ignorant mothers are among the largpicketing of factories and shops sell- est purchasers of narcotic£ which ing British goods, will be called off. they use to quiet fretting children. Such drugs and intoxicants are sap- It is understood that the Indian Gov- ping the life of India. One .of Mr. ernment made conces·sions and that Gandhi's demands prior to accepting the British program for dominion henceforth the natives will be per- government is that this traffic shall be mitted to manufacture salt by the discouraged and that opium and liquor pr.ocess of evaporation on the sea- shops be closed throughout the length coasts, the government monopoly, and breadth of India. however, maintaining control of its All-Asia Women'. Conference manufacture and distribution in in- land areas. Political prisoners are expected to be released and Gandhi will no longer I press his demand for an inquiry into N JANUARY, Lahore was the scene alleged police excesses. Property con- of an historic conference, being the fiscated from Congress members found first All-Asia Conference of Women.

guilty of law-breaking will be restored Delegates were present from most of with their release from jail. the countries in Asia including Pales- Much credit for the achievement of tine, Syria, Iraq, Persia, Afghanistan, peace in India will be accorded the Nepal, Burma, Ceylon, Java and Viceroy, Lord Irwin. Almost single- Japan. In a number of these countries handed and in the face of opposition women have had up to recent times, a of some members of the Indian Civil very small part in the public life. The Service, Lord Irwin has fought Eng- absence of the Chinese representative land's battle for a peaceful settlement does not indicate any lack of interest of the tangled political situation in on the part of the Chinese to cooper- India. ate.

298 The Rani (Queen) of Mandi opened The New Indian Bishop the Conference. This was called to pro- THE General Conference of the mote cultural unity among the women Methodist Episcopal Church in of Asia and to place at the service of 1928 empowered the several Central humanity the qualities which are pe- Conferences to elect bishops. culiar to the Orient, to join in an effort to do away with evils that are This was a far-reaching step and in present, to encourage the wider adop- the recent election of J ashwant Rao tion of those elements that have been Chitambar to the episcopacy, India beneficial in the West, and to benefit all by the exchange of experiences honored not only herself but the whole among the countries of the East. In Church. Bishop Chitambar has been her concluding remarks she said: "Let recognized for a long time as one of us disregard customs and traditions the outstanding men of all India. He which have been strangling our do- is recognized by all of the Christian mestic life." forces of India, and by leading non- Christians as one of the outstanding forces for righteousness in all that An Important Indian Conference great country. Look at what the election means to THE Central Indian Conference of the 500,000 Methodists in India. The the Methodist Episcopal Church, Indians will feel, in a very real sense, held at Cawnpore, December 27 to that the Church in India is indeed January 6, was an epoch-making their own church. It will bring new event. First: There was elected their life and hope and determination. In first Indian Bishop, the Rev. Jashwant a more real. sense the Church will R. Chitambar, principal of the Luck- become indigenous. The whole organ- now College. He is widely known in ization will have to be readjusted to India and in America and was the Indian ways-ways that are Buited to Indian delegate to the General Confer- India, the people of India, the reli- ence in the United States a few years gious life and thought of India.

ago. He will reside at Jubbulpore, This step will give the non-Chris- C. P. tians a new concept concerning the Second: A new emphasis was placed Church. They have looked upon by the Conference on the Indian Christianity as a "western" religion Church as the agency for evangeliz- run by "western" men. It has been ing India. Henceforth the chief linked up with the British Empire, emphasis is to be placed on the train- and has been thought of as one of the ing of laymen and of self-supporting agencies of those who were running it.

and church-supported Indian min- In a very real way the Church will isters. make a larger appeal to the great non- Third: The movement toward Christian communities.-DR. BENSON Church union received a strong im- BAKER.

petus. The Conference declared it to be their desire and purpose that there An Indian Laymen's Association A shall be a United Church. METHODIST Laymen's Associa- Fourth: There was a prevailing tion was formed in India on Jan- and increasing passion for a great uary 2 with Prof. E. Ahmad Shah of forward movement in evangelism. Lucknow University as president and Bishop Chitambar was made chair- T. B. Franklyn of Delhi as secretary.

man of the Council on Aggressive The purpose is to bring about closer Evangelism and Dr. E. Stanley Jones fellowship among Methodist laymen of was asked to request the National Southern Asia, to enlist their support Christian Council to launch a wide in church affairs, both social and eco- .

·evangelistic movement similar to those nomic, and to organize similar associa- in China and Japan. tions in every conference and church.

They hope in the near future to draw Indian venture, financed and directed up practical schemes for solving prob- by Indian Christians. In its first year lems affecting the work of the Church of work, the society received an inby infusing a new spirit into the lay- come of only about Rs. 2,500 (about men and leading them to assume a $810). Today its annual income is larger share of responsibility. about Rs. 80,000 coming in small amounts from Indian Christians of all Social Purity in India provinces and all denominations. It carries on work in some of the most H w. BRYANT, general secretary neglected districts, including two • of the Bombay Y. M. C. A., regions where foreign missionaries writes in Young Men of India: have no access. One of these is Nepal on the borders of which the society "All workers among young men started two years ago a medical misrealize how terrible are the conse- sion which is meeting with much enquence,s of lax morals in an Eastern couragement and success.-Christian city. The problem confronting the Century. Y. M. C. A. is how to counteract the evil influences, to educate public opin- CHINA ion, and to secure acceptance of a single standard of morality. In 1923 A False Educational Policy the Vigilance Association was formed, and after a survey a definite policy THE reply of the Chinese ministry was outlined, one of the objects being of education to the united appeal a suppression of brothels. Now after of all Christian bodies for a repeal of seven years' work, the Government the restrictions upon religious educaintroduced a bill not only to suppress tion and worship in Christian schools brothels, but to make it an offence for closed with this sentence, "This is anyone to live on the earnings of final; let the matter be accepted by prostitution." all as settled." In a communication to the North China Daily N eW8 of An All-India Vigilance Association Shanghai, Dr. John C. Ferguson says, has been formed with local associa- "May I bl' allowed to remind the Mintions at Rangoon, Colombo, Calcutta, istry that no question is ever settled Madras and Bombay. It is hoped that until it is ~ettled right." the movement will spread widely and that it will be possible to agitate for Dr. Ferguson was the first president All-India legislation on this matter. of the University of Nanking. He founded and was for over 30 years the Indian Missionary Society Jubilee chief owner of the Sin Wan Pao, Shanghai, a Chinese daily newspaper THE NATIONAL MISSIONARY with the largest circualtion in China. SOCIETY of India, recently cele- He was advisor to the National Govbrated its silver jubilee at Allahabad. ernment for a long period. Twenty-five years ago a group of earnest Indian Christians organized The letter, with a Chinese translathis society as an interdenominational tion, has been given wide private cireffort for evangelizing the areas of culation by Dr. Ferguson who states India, not yet reached by any Chris- that he would go beyond the petition tian agency. While the content of the of the churches and permit all private phrase "unoccupied areas" has been schools to establish their own rules extended and enriched, the National as to religious instruction and reli- Missionary Society has still as its main gious exercises. objective evangelizing some of the most neglected parts of India. What Naturally the author distinguishes makes this society distinctive among between schools maintained at public all other missionary societies working expense and others. Religious liberty in India is the fact that it is a purely requires that parents who wish to send their children to Christian

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

schools should be allowed to do so. Dr. and social welfare literature which Ferguson's seconrl point is that sound uses a vocabulary compl'ehellsible by educational policy will permit full the lIew literates. freedom of experimentation in private schools. The action of the Govern- Kiangsu Self-Support ment will imperil the support of westerners in Chinese projects. The A SPECIAL meeting of the Synod decrease of interest in China's wel- of Kiangsu (Protestant Episcopal fare among many former friends, Missionary district of Shanghai) was which has been noticeable during the held at St. John's University to conlast three years, has been due to the sider self-support. The Chinese clergy attitude of the Government toward and laity are heartily behind this private schools and other philanthropic movement and passed resolutions proenterprises more than to any other viding for a sustentation fund to single cause." which all parishes will contribute. "The aim shall be to increase the local General Education Movement church income until such time as help from abroad shall be unnecessary." THE Mass Education Movement in The standing committee is to admin- China having demonstrated the ister the ·sustentation fund, deciding on the amount and nature of the suppracticability of adult education by port to be given to individual congremeans of its I,OOO-character lessons gations and gradually decreasing the and seeing' the efforts for the wiping grants-in-aid to stimulate self-support. out of illiteracy going ahead irresistibly, has moved its headquarters to Missions and Communism Tinghsien, a city about 100 miles southwest of Peiping. A staff of THE Liebenzell Mission in Hunan, workers under Dr. Jame·s Y. C. Yen China, has suffered severely from is seeking to learn by the laboratory the terrorism of the communists. method and to demonstrate methods Their stations were plundered and set for the enlargement and enrichment on fire, their gardens were desolated of the lives of the masses of the and Bibles and Christian books were people. trodden upon and torn. The mission- aries were obliged to take flight. Special interest in the project is Missionary Seliger in Siang-Siang being shown by Christian Missions. writes: "The communists consider The American Board and the Ameri- the Christian missions to be their can Presbyterians are within Ting worst opponents. For this reason they County. The work of Hugh Hubbard are trying to exterminate them. A is the outstanding piece of literacy number of missionaries have been work done under mission auspices in killed, others have been kept captive China. Mr. Hubbard was released by for long periods and only got free his Board to work for a year under after the payment of huge sums of the National Christian Council in the ransom, generally with their health promotion of mass education within broken down. We all are living here the churches. as it were, at the crater of a volcano."

Literacy leads to a wider reading Basel Missionaries Liberated of the Scriptures and thereby advances the evangelistic work of the MI S S ION A R I E S Walter and missions. The Paotingfu station of Fleischle have been released the American Board in the last six from the long captivity in which they years has had 30,000 students of all had been held for nearly sixteen ages enrolled in mass ~ducation months in the government of Fungclasses. In that same period, member- shun, in the mountains between ship in the churches has increased 70 Kayintshu and Swatow where comper cent. The work is being paralleled by the production of Christian

munistic bandits had held them. Their been much said about Marxism, So- capture by the bandits gave rise to cialism and the necessity of develop- many questions concerning the pay- ing civilization by the will, this year ment of ransom. The missionaries the students are urging dependence declared against the payment and upon spiritual forces. The depression even their families had heroically sec- so keenly felt in Japan is probably to onded this advice. There was no other some extent responsible for this recourse than that of prayer which change. On the other hand the King- arose incessantly to the throne of God. dom of God Movement is having a At last Government soldiers brought wholesome influence.-The Messenger.

them back, after enduring endless hardships and suffering from illness The Kingdom of God Newspaper A and insufficient food. The Chinese N ILLUSTRATED paper with this title is issued weekly in Japan, official did all in his power to help them recuperate. for a halfpenny. Although this in- PioneeJling in Chinese Turkestan volves a considerable loss, at this price it can make its way everywhere, and LAST winter H. F. Ridley took a has an enormous circulation. Chris- journey from his station in Urum- tians and inquirers in Tsukishima, a tsi or Sinkiang to Kashgar and back, district of Tokyo, go forth to sell the making the circuit of the Takla-Makan paper and find purchasers in the Desert-a feat performed by only two streets and shops. Children rush to other Europeans, Sir Aurel Stein and it for their own page. Miss Henty Sven Hedin. The purpose of Mr. writes of one reader: Ridley's trip was to visit the cities on She had not even a farthing. the edge of this desert and to pro- She looked poor, ill, and disappointed, claim to them by word of mouth and so the seller gave her the paper. through the printed page the "glad Ever since that night she has come tidings of great joy." The journey regularly to our meetings. We inwas made in 111 stages, and Mr. troduced her to the free clinic at Ridley was received with kindness St. Luke',s Hospital, and she is getting everywhere. The tracts and Gospel stronger. The Kingdom of God Newsportions were bought and read with paper brought a message she half keen interest. What a tremendous learned long ago; she believed, and task lies before us in the occupation of is now trusting everything to Christ. those cities for Christ-what an oppor- She has brought her brother-in-law tunity! Who will go out to these cities to the meetings, and he too is now and strengthen the hands of those earnestly studying.-Church Mission- who have for many years borne the ary Outlook. burden and are even now pioneering in this new world? Who will hear this Votes for Women call, take up this challenge and go out to this unoccupied field-Spend and A BILL introduced in the Japanese be spent in His Service?-Friends of Diet by the Hamaguchi Govern- Moslems, China. ment indicated it was prepared to give the women of Japan a small taste of JAPAN-CHOSEN political power, the right to vote in Changing Student Thought municipal elections. The sample was accompanied by the implicit promise I N AN annual all Japan High School that if it were taken with no ill effects, oratorical contest held in Osaka in within a few years the full feast of November, the speakers revealed politics, equal rights with men to vote something of the change in the and to hold office, should be spread thought life of the students. Where- before the 15,500,000 female subjects as in the past years there has always of the Mikado.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The Y. M. C. A. and Golgotha bers, not including the 1,000 students AT THE recent jubilee of the Tokyo in school and college associations. Association, Dr. Toyohiko Kag- Upon being a·sked what are the chief awa, the well-known author and Christian social reformer, made a vig- problems of the cities, the Osaka staff orous and inspiring speech on his con- replied: "Communism, unemployment, ception of what the Y. M. C. A. should cafes, bars (old American style), lack be. He said that he would like it to of lay Christian leadership, lack of go out in the villages and help the stewardship among Christians, lack of Japanese peasants to fight for a better church work for boys, and lack of eflife. He warned the association fort by church members to Christian- ize the city."

against institutionalism: "A building AJobnry College Team in Chosen may seem necessary to you," he said, "but to have a building you must bow A GOSPEL TEAM of three young your heads and ask money from rich men is touring the Orient. It is capitalists and there comes the weak- called "The Asbury College Foreign ness." He urged the association to Missionary Team" and is composed of return to the spirit which promllted Messrs. V. Kirkpatrick, Byron Crouse its founder, the spirit which was in- and Eugene Erny. Their headdeed the spirit of Christ: "Let us quarters are at 4961 Lemon Grove forever hold on to the spirit of the Ave., Los Angeles, California. While young Man Christ, Who at the age of the team comes from a Methodist thirty-three breathed His last on Gol- college the work is nondenominationgotha. . .. The mission of the Y. M. al, undertaken by faith, with large C. A. is to revive such young man- dependence on prayer. A letter from Dr. James Hirst of Chosen says that hood." their visit to Seoul last October was Communism and the "Y" very fruitful and that they were warmly received. The report says: GEORGE GLEASON, Y. M. C. A. "The meetings in Seoul were union secretary, reports a growing fear meetings of all denominations and of communism in every large city of each night one of the native pastors Japan. With over a half-million peo- presided. There was a fine spirit of ple out of employment, with hundreds unity and cooperation throughout.

shelterless, sleeping at night in city Great crowds came and filled the large parks, with more than 50 per cent of tent that the evangelists took with the university and college graduates them and they started singing fifteen of the last two years unable to find or twenty minutes before the meeting jobs, Japan, like China, is proving a began. Much was made of Gospel ripe field for Russian propaganda. music and one of the team played a Many Japanese students and laborers trombone. Crowds came who could are seriously suggesting that the over- not get into the tent but stood outside turn of the present society is the and listened. For ten days there were quickest road to economic betterment early morning services devoted to for the common people. The Govern- prayer and Bible study and the eve- ment, even army officers, are looking to ning services were for non-Christians.

Christianity as the most promising Large numbers came forward as in- antidote. Grave problems confront quirers and some who were said to be the nation. Educational processes are demon possessed were cured. Many not sufficiently creative. The people Koreans walked for ten miles to attend are poor, discouraged. the services and some slept all night In the larger cities the Y. M. C. A. on the floor so as to be on time for the has a strong hold. Tokyo has a six- 5 a. m. service."

story building and 3,000 members; in The team works in some places in Osaka, a new building and 1,200 mem- cooperation with the Oriental Mission-

ary Society. They came to Korea Methodist Church back of the Y. M. from meetings in China and Japan C. A. every Sunday. Do you rememand held campaigns for four months ber that picture of Christ for which in Chosen. From there they went to I asked you? I have that in my room Manchuria and North China and plan at home, and it is a constant help to to proceed to the Philippines, India, me.' Here was something definite in Egypt, Palestine, Europe and Great the way of results. One young man Britain. Their one purpose, as stated, like that won for Christ each year is "to preach the Gospel of Christ to during my week in the Hospital would those who are hungry for the Words be worth while." of Life." ROSCOE E. COEN.

Seed by the Wayside ISLANDS OF THE SEA "AT THE opening night of a district Bibles for Northwest Australia Bible class for men I was cor- THE publication of new versions of dially greeted by a middle-aged man Scripture shows no signs of failwhose face looked familiar to me, but ing. The 636th langauge on the list whom I did not know. Seeing my puz- is Worrora, spoken near Broome in zled look, the man said, 'Don't you re- Northwest Australia. Though the peomember me? I am the man who rode ple only number 300, their language in the public automobile with you be- is understood by other tribes living tween Soowon and Kimyang about a to the south, east and northeast of year ago.' Like a flash, I remembered. them, and also by a smaller tribe called Upon that occasion he had told me Yaujibai living on the Montgomery that he was a Seventh-day Adventist Islands. In all there are only about a and had asked me to explain to him thousand people who speak Worrora; why we Presbyerians kept Sunday in- yet for these thousand Australian stead of the Sabbath, for our day of aborigines the Bible Society has pubrest and worship. I had told him lished a Gospel. The least significant simply and briefly for I had no desire member of the human family is a child to argue with him c·oncerning. his be- of God, and has a divine right to those lief. But 10! here he was beaming Holy Scriptures which are committed with joy at meeting me again, and to our trust. The Worrora language intending to remain a week to study is evidently most complicated, having at this Bible class. no fewer than 171 forms of the verb "to be." The translation has been "For two years now I have given one made by the Rev. J. R. B. Love, of the week in January to special evangelistic Port George IV Presbyterian Mission, work among the Korean patients in Northwest Australia, by three Worrothe Severance Hospital in Seoul. The ra men: Nyimundum, Barungga and results are not always apparent. Wond6onmoia. Apart from the comfort given, one often wonders just what definite re- Here is one verse in the new transsults he has obtained. When I was lation-Mark 3: 35 : unusually depressed by the query re- Gehwoonya aua picha wondi-ehwu garding results, I left the hospital to ngumma God koonjiri, aia ngauomali, go home on the street car. It was ngauomalinya, karunya. nearly empty and before I could sit down, a young man rose, took my -Bible in the World. hand and asked, 'Are you not Mr. Coen?' I confessed my identity, say- Protecting Formosan Morals ing, 'Yes. But who are you?' "pUBLIC DANCING," reads a re- .. 'Don't you remember me? I am cent decision by the Department Mr. So-and-so who was at Severance Hospital last year. I now attend the of Social Affairs of the Japanese Colonial Administration, "is an im- moral pastime, and should not be en-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

couraged among the youth of For- dancing partners, being amateurs, mosa." paid nothing.-EDGAR SNOW, "The "Indulgence in such an exhibition," Consolidated Press" in China Weekly this document continues, "tends to Review.

excite the young men and women thus brought into unaccustomed proximity, Filipinizing Missions T and arouses the wrong sort of pas- HE Presbyterian Mission met in Manila, in November and out of sions. Moreover, it has been 'proved that dancing is an unhealthful form of 65 missionaries, 34 attended the meet- entertainment, since it causes loss of ing, representing all of their ten sta- sleep and leads to drinking and gen- tions and the International Leper eral carousing. The practice of per- Mission of Culion. Filipinization is a mitting waitresses and young girls subject no mission in these islands hired for the purpose, to act as danc- can long evade, even if it desires. It ing partners in teahouses and caba- was voted to have Filipino physicians rets, has been found to cultivate arti- assist the American doctor in charge ficial and unwholesome social contacts. of each of the four Presbyterian hos- "For these reasons the Government pitals, instead of having a second mis- has decided to p 'ohibit dancing in all sionary doctor in each. One Filipino, public places, including hotels, tea- Rev. Leonardo G. Dia, was appointed houses, restaurants, cabarets and bars. with three missionaries to represent In private gatherings where guests the Philippine churches at the de- wish to indulge in dancing, a permit centennial conference of the Pres- must first be secured from the Depart- byterian Board of Missions and ment of Social Affairs." representatives of national churches, Proprietors of local eating and to be held in America in June, 1931.

drinking establishments are much dis- A program of withdrawal of mission turbed by the ruling. Their prosperity funds, at the rate of ten per cent a in the past has been due largely to year, was worked out for the Manila the novel "night life" which they of- Conference, the funds thus released fered to students and young bloods of to go into new work, and the whole Formosa interested in becoming so- project to be administered by the mis- phisticated. Their chief attractions sion and the churches cooperatively.

were the young Japanese and Chinese girls employed to act as companions in Progress in Dutch New Guinea O wine, song and dance. UTSIDE of the Batak Counties in Despite opposition, the prohibition Central Sumatra, the progress of remains. Dancing is taboo in For- Christianity is most marked in Dutch mosa. Even a group of foreigners, New Guinea. From the Sea of Sen- including some quasi-diplomats, who tani in the extreme east to the Gulf of wished to give a dance at the only McCluer in the west, a great move- European hotel on the island, have ment has set in among the natives been refused a permit. No restric- along the coast and also on the islands.

tions, however, have as yet been placed The number of missionaries (the upon the patronage of Chinese sing- Dutch Society, Utrecht Mission Un- song girls and Japanese geisha. Re- ion), as well as of. native teachers sorts operated by hundreds of young must be increased considerably in the ladies in this ancient profession ap- near future if the harvest which has parently are regarded with official been hoped for so long is to be brought equanimity. It has been suggested in. This mission which was carried that the Government may have been on in tears for so many years, cele- somewhat influenced in its decision by brated its 75th anniversary last sum- the fact that geisha and sing-song mer with much rejoicing over this girls pay a fat license as "trained great blessing which has at last entertainers"-whereas the teahouse crowned its labors.

5

Earthquake in New Zealand in many fields, where local support has AN EARTHQUAKE on February 3, failed. In many of the drought- 1"1. accompanied by landslides, tidal stricken churches, ministers have re- ceived only a small part of the salaries waves, and fire, claimed a large toll of promised them locally. lives and caused immense property damage in the seaport of Napier and Loyalty Crusades a surrounding area of hundreds of square miles, in New Zealand. Fire LAST year throughout the Presbyprevented rescuers from saving those terian Church, U. S. A., there was who might have been alive in the a net los·s in membership of 20,359. houses that had collapsed; and as the Of the six largest presbyteries in the tremors c·ontinued, the government Assembly, Chicago was the only one ordered a complete evacuation of the that did not show a loss. It is sigcity. Refugees fled to the south as nificant that of the eight presbyteries fast as disrupted roads and debris showing net gains nearly aU of them from landslides permitted. Not a have within recent years had some stone building was left standing in kind of Loyalty Campaign, and in Napier, a town of nearly 20,000. This nearly every case a campaign for is the wor·st disaster in the history of Presbytery Extension work. Appar- New Zealand, and Red Cross officials ently these organized campaigns for place the number of dead above one the progress of the whole work in thousand. the Presbytery quicken the efforts NORTH AMERICA along spiritual and evangelistic Jines. ~The Presbyterian Advance.

Help for National Mission Churches 1'HERE is danger that the financial Fifty Years of Christian Endeavor distress in America will mean great loss to the Gospel ministry and THE fiftieth anniversary of the the closing of churches in the United first Society of Christian Endeavor was celebrated in Bo-ston on January States. Dr. E. Graham Wilson, of 28. The movement has helped to de- New York, general secretary of the velop strong lives in the past, as was Presbyterian Board of National Mis- proved by an appreciative telegram sions, states that the income of th~ from a former Endeavorer, President Board "will probably suffer a loss this Herbert Hoover, and by personal testi- fiscal year, ending March 31, of over mony Of ex-Gov. Alvin T. Fuller, $150,000 which threatens the employ- former president of a Malden C. E.

ment of 200 ministers. One of the Society. Mrs. F, E. Clark, received missionaries in the Ozarks writes: expressions of grateful affection from "My bank, the largest in the State, young people all over the world, both failed and closed its doors. My for her own sake and for her husband, month's salary was there; also my "Father Endeavor Clark." The mes- wife's savings. What the churches sage of Prof. Amos R. Wells, recorded of drought-stricken Arkansas are to "Fifty Years in Verse." President do I do not know. In many of our Dan Poling described the four restless small churches everything has liter- boys on the front seat, of whom he ally burned up. Since August 1, more was one, who decades ago joined a than 95 banks in this area have closed. Junior C. E. on the Pacific Coast. He Many of our best men are ruined. I also gave an account of the world con- am going day and night trying to keep vention, held in Germany last summer, up the morale. What we shall do where national feuds were at last for- until the people can raise another g·otten, and the fIag-s of forty-two nacrop, I do not know." tions were waved together and youths became the ardent standardbearers of The Board has been called upon to former foes. give additional supplemental grants

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Protestant l:pbcopal Finances C. M. Yocum, head of Foreign De- partment; Jesse M. Bader, head of THE Domestic and Foreign Mis- Home Department; Roy G. Ross, head sionary Society closed the year of Religious Education Department: with a balance on the right side .of the Mrs. Aida R. Teachout, head of Misledger to help meet the budget for sionary Organizations Department: Miss this year. Joy Taylor, head of Missionary Educa- tion Department: F. M. Rogers, head of Out of $2,910,484 estimated budget Benevolence Department: John H. there was collected $2,884,420, or Booth, head of Church Erection Depart- 99.1%. ment: C. O. Hawley, head of Promo- tional Department. Out of ninety-eight dioceses and missionary dist.ricts, thirty-eight paid These, with associates, were elected 100% of their quotas and seventy-four paid 100% Or over of what they noti- for a period of four years in accordfied the N aHonal Council to expect. ance with the provision in the revised constitution.

Unofficial Ambassadors The president and two vice-presi- dents of the Society were elected at "THE Unofficial Ambassadors" from the Washington Convention for the foreign lands to America are the four-year period.-Stephen J. Corey, as president, I. J. Cahill, first vice- 10,478 young students who have come president, and Miss Mary Campbell, to the United States in pursuit of -second vice-president. higher education. Canada supplied 1,410, with China next highest, con- tributing 1,336. Japan is third with Training for Alaskans 1,004, while our Philippines sent 905. The South American republics have T HREE young men, graduates of sent some 4,000, studying engineering the Sheldon Jackson School, Alasand commerCe. A large number take ka, met with Rev. Jackson L. Webster, theological courses and 237 are listed missionary to Sitka, recently to oras at Harvard. The University of ganize the first sch'Ool for native re- California is instructing 595 and New ligious workers in the territory. The York University 611. Institutions in purpose of the school is to train Sunevery state in the union are shown to day-school superintendents, interprethave students from afar. This should ers, native helpers and ministers who make the "unofficial ambassadors" will take charge of native churches. qualified to represent America fairly The course includes a study of the when they return home, if they make Bible, pastoral work and preaching. right Christian contacts while here. After two or three years the men so The Committee on Friendly Relations trained will come before Presbytery among Foreign Students (347 Madi- for examination and if found qualified son Ave., New York), is doing much for a full theological course will be in this direction. given a scholarship in the States.

The Secretaries Elected Negroes after E:mancipation T HE United Christian Missionary ON JANUARY 1, Negroes through- Society at the Washington Conven- out the United States held tion, was given a revised Constitu- exercises commemorating the Bixtytion and as a result the Executive eighth anniversary of Lincoln's Eman- Committee of the Society, at its meet- cipation Proclamation. Most signifiing on November 11, elected treasurer, cant of all the progress noted was recorder and secretaries. C. W. that in education. In 1860, nine- Plopper was reelected treasurer and tenths of the Negro population was Miss Hazel Scott, recorder. The sec- illiterate. Twenty years later only retaries elected to Berve in the va- thirty per cent could read and write. rious departments are: In 1931, ninety per cent are literate,

the illiterate 10 per cent residing LATIN AMERICA largely in the southern states. In less than the proverbial three score and Earthquake in Mexico ten years more than 10,000 Negroes have been graduated from universities AVIOLENT earthquake in Oaxaca, and colleges. The degree of doctor of with less extreme tremors in Mexphilosophy has been conferred on more ico City, was reported in the daily than thirty. The number to receive press, January 14th. the degree of master of arts is increasing yearly. Of the ·sixty-eight The state of Oaxaca is in the south- Negroe colleges and universities all western part of Mexico and is a but four are under religious denom- mountainous region, populated chiefly inational control. Some 50,000 Ne- by Mixteco and Zapateco Indians. The groes are engaged in the profession capital city has a population of about of teaching. The Bible and the church 50,000. The responsibility for evanwere the pioneers in producing this gelistic work under the Presbyterian result.-Tuskegee Messenger. Board, was turned over to the native leaders in Oaxaca City in 1929. One Westminster College, Utah Presbyterian missionary, Miss Ethel R. Doctor, remained in the city to help DEFINITE steps are being taken in the work of Christian women there, to make Westminster College, and an affiliated missionary, Mr. Utah, an interdenominational institu- Verne Bruce, is carrying on pioneer tion, as it has been for some years work among the Indians in Yatzachi, with respect to its working policy. about 100 miles from Oaxaca city. Some fifteen years ago representative·s of other denominations were placed Miss Doctor reported that condion the board of trustees. tions were very grave. The Oaxaca c h u r c h building and manse are Westminster is Utah's only institu- ruined; Miss Doctor's rented house is tion of college grade not under Mor- uninhabitable, but the property in mon control, with the exception of a Yatzachi is not badly damaged. Rev. small Roman Catholic college for wom- W. L. Miller, a missionary from Mexen. In a state like Utah, where the ico City, visiting Yatzachi at the time Mormon population is overwhelming of the earthquake, reports that propand there are only a few thousand erties in the city and valley of Oaxaca evangelical Christians of all kinds, it in wide areas are in ruins, and that would be folly to attempt to build up it will take a long time for the city various denominational colleges. On and state to recover. the other hand, there is vital need of one strong, standard, evangelical, Mr. Van Slyke wrote on Jan. 18th: Christian college. Westminster has "One of the effects will be on the selfwon the respect of both Mormons and support of the churches. With this Gentiles as a standard educational in- 'quake added to the bad times, selfstitution of its type and it has ren- support will be still more reduced. dered tremendous service to the Our whole church is passing through Christian cause in that state. For a real testing in this sense. But we years Methodists, Baptists, Congrega- have much to be thankful for in that tionalists, Disciples and Episcopalians none of our missionaries were hurt have cooperated with Presbyterians at and no workers were lost."-W. Reg- Westminster College, though under inald Wheeler. the form of organization they had to be formally elected by the Synod of Agitation in Brazil Utah. SINCE the new provisional govern- ment of Brazil has announced its intention of rewriting the Constitu- tion, the officials of the Roman Catho- lic Church have been actively cam- paigning in favor of what they term

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

a minimum program of Catholic ac- tory, should be developed as extensively tion. This program demands that the as possible. It is planned to make this new Constitution bear the statement experiment in a lowland section of that it is written in the name of God; Central America during this year over that the Catholic Church is the State sixteen thousand square miles of un- Church of Brazil; that it make a re- evangelized territory. Missionaries ligious marriage ceremony compul- and native workers will be located by sory; and that the Catholic faith be plane at strategic points along the taught in the State Schools. rivers and lakes where they can es- The clergy are conducting a vigor- tablish themselves and begin work ous campaign from the pulpit while among the Spanish-speaking peoples Roman Catholic laymen are busy and semi-civilized Indians. An out- through newspapers and committees. post will be opened up among a wild This activity has set up counter ac- tribe. The airplane will serve to carry tivities on the part of non-Catholics. supplies to the missionaries and to The Roman Catholic campaign is succor them in case of illness or other being carried on throughout Brazil, emergencies.-Christ Life.

but there is small probability that the agitation will succeed in reestablish- Church Conflict in Venezuela ing a state church in Brazil. AMISSIONARY writes: "There have been various points of dif- Rebellion in Pern ferance between the Government and the authorities of the Roman Catholic SOUTHERN rebels in Peru recently Church in Venezuela. The crisis was seized the city of Arequipa and precipitated by the expulsion of the have set up an independent govern- Bishop of Valencia for his refusal to ment under the name of "Southern withdraw his published statements Junta." The troops garrisoned at against the validity of civil marriage. Cuzco have joined the revolution. The The hierarchy demanded his return Arequipa forces are said to have re- but the civil authorities refused perbelled because the provisional Presi- mission until he should retract. While dent, Lius Sanchez Cerro, has fliiled the church is not a state church in the to carry out the principles of his true sense of the term, she is subsimanifesto, in which he promised the dized by the Government, and in this constitutional election of a president.

The Protestant missions in Peru in- way is very effectively controlled. Folclude the Evangelical Union of South lowing the episode of the Bishop of America at Arequipa, Calea,' Cuzco Valencia the Government decreed that and Lima; the Free Church of Scot- only Venezuelan priests could be re- land at Cajamarca and Lima; the cipients of government subsidies, and Methodist Episcopal Church at Huan- that all foreign priests must either coyo and Lima-also the Salvation nationalize or give up their parishes.

Army, Seventh-Day A d ve n t i 's t s, In order to enforce this regulation an Church of the Nazarene, Y. M. C. A. earlier law was 'made effective for- and independents. bidding the entrance of foreign clergy without special permission from the Tile Gospel by Airplane Department of the Interior.

PLANS are under way to use the Although directed at the clergy of airplane to carry the Gospel to the the Roman Catholic Church, Evanthousands of wild Indians in the heart gelical (Protestant) foreign mission- of South America. A number of aries are also affected. The "Law of Christian leaders have become inter- Foreigners" does not unconditionally ested and feel that the plan .should be forbid the entrance of foreign clergy, tried on a small scale in some favor- but does state that special permission able territory, and, if found satisfac- shall be secured in each case. The

missionaries of the Protestant Mis- self, then the French mission fields, sion Boards have complied with the where the knowledge of French is inlaw and have not become involved in creasing greatly. They are now shippolitics. It is hoped that the Govern- ping to Istanbul several hundreas of ment will give the special permission French Bibles and New Testaments, in each case for the return of an or- ordered by the American Bible Sodained foreign missionary, and that a ciety for the Near East. solution may be reached along the lines already put into effect in Mexico Dutch Auto-Mission and in other Latin American countries. AN EVANGELICAL auto-mission EUROPE has recently been started in Hol- land. The Rev. Van der Zee, Re- Religious Interest in Gerlllany formed, preacher in Amsterdam-West, is the president and Mr. D. Schot- AT A recent meeting of the Pres- vanger, 32 de Ruiterweg, Amsterdam, byterian Alliance in Edinburgh, the secretary. The object of the So- Prof. Hugh Mackintosh reported that ciety, which has already been in oper- Germany seems ripe for a religious re- ation some time, is to tour the Nethvival. This is evidenced by three erlands with an evangelical auto. things: (1) Germany has suffered During the ,summer it arranges meetfor past sins and has been humbled so ings in the open air and during the that there is no self-sufficiency left. winter months indoor meetings at (2) The rationalistic theology has which lantern slides are shown. The proved ineffective and the people are van has visited several cities in the turning to a simpler faith in God and Netherlands and everywhere has met His Word. (3) Positive notes of with great success. Christian faith on a sound basis has been sounded forth by German re- ANew Mission Society ligious leaders. T HE Evangelical Czech Church in New Mi••ion Problems in Paris Czecho-Slovakia has recently or- ganized its own mission society, which EUROPEAN mission periodicals call will for the present work in coopera- attention to the fact that the task tion with the Evangelical Mission of of foreign missions in many instances France. is undergoing a new orientation. The most recent example is that of the Morals in Italy North Africans, mostly Kabyls who are coming in such numbers to France POP& Pius X in a Lenten address, that already there are 110,000 of them caIls attention to present conditions • there. The Kabyls Mission of Djemaa in Rome which, he says, are extremely Sarij has been working for the last immoral. He especially condemns "the 50 years among these Berbers in the immoral press which is indecent and Atlas region. Now it is ,seeking its sacrilegious to an extreme degree. objects in the streets of Paris and is Similarly the motion picture shows there carrying on a toilsome, although and vaudeville are often unspeakably not hopeless, work in trying to protect offensive to morals. The profanation these brown Africans from the dan- of the Sabbath (including Sunday milgers of the modern city and to bring itary drill for students ) is practiced them the Gospel. on an extensive scale. The toleration of such evils is contrary to Christian French Bible Distribution teaching and to the promises of the Italian Government." T HE French Bible Society during the year 1929, distributed 1,909 The Pope also protests against the Bibles, 4,624 New Testaments and 4,- way in which the Italian Government 179 parts. The field is first France it- permits Protestants to continue their propaganda in Italy.

lfi31] WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Russia Wireless Propaganda reduced, forcing eventual self-support; in France the work will be liquidated T HE Russian Radio, which is lately and members will be urged to join sending out international trans- other Protestant Churches; in Italy missions in several European lan- appropriations will be reduced and guages, will extend the,se transmis- congregations urged to attain self-supsions on a larger scale. According to port or affiliate with other Protestant the scheme of the Soviet Government, groups; in Jugoslavia support of the there will be erected eleven radio sta- work will be turned over to the Methtions each of 100 Kilowatt and 38 odists of Switzerland; in Bulgaria, smaller stations of 10 Kilowatt each. church members will be asked to At Moscow it is proposed to build a unite with the Congregationalists; and radio station of 500 Kilowatt, as well in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, as a relay station for the ,short wave American Methodist churches are givof 60 Kilowatt. The cost of the entire en six, seven and eight years respecbuilding group will come to about 90 tively in which to prepare for a total million rubels. withdrawal of financial subsidy. It is predicted that all American Methodist "Foreign Mllssions" to Lutherans! bishops will eventually be withdrawn from Europe. Lutherans are quite THE Lutheran News Bulletin of strong enough to care for the work in New York publishes the following Scandinavian countries. In Sweden, remonstrance: "Lutherans heard with there are 6,051,000 Lutherans, and 16,- disgust and' indignation, the news 475 Methodists; in Norway, 2,596,- some ten years ago of the inclusion 917 Lutherans, and 7,567 Methodists; by a large southern Protestant denom- in Denmark, 3,364,500 Lutherans, and ination in a special compaign budget 4,201 Methodists. of an item of seven million dollars to "preach the Gospel to the benighted Church of the Czech Brethren Lutherans of Europe." This denomination was not the only one which T HE strong religious movement of appropriated money in those times of the past eight years in Czechoprosperity for missionary activities in Slovakia has abated but has not Christian land!? Lutherans in Europe ceased. Thousands of new members have had cause to complain of the lack are still joining the Czech Brethren of Christian brotherliness shown by every year-3,720 last year and 104,- the zealous missionaries of several 000 in the last eight Years. Member- American denominations, particularly ship has doubled since 1920. They the Baptists, Method1sts, Congrega- have 110 full charges and 373 preachtionalists, Presbyterians and Quakers. ing places, and have to leave many calls unheeded for lack of minister·s The Board of Foreign Missions of and money. They have only 120 pasthe Methodist Episcopal Church, has tors, and the fine theological faculty reluctantly been forced by a decreased in Prague cannot equip men quickly income to abandon some of its For- or numerously enough for the need, eign Mission work. A three hundred even with assistance from their misthousand dollar cut in appropriations sion school at Olomouc. And the need for overseas work calls for withdrawal with regard to places of worship is as from South Fukien Province, China, great. Since 1920 they have built 50 for turning over Methodist work in churches-whereby they groan under Burma to the Baptists; in Costa Rica an unbearable weight of debt-but to the Methodist Church in Mexico; still more urgently need at least 30 in Panama to an interdenominational more. Each congregation has more Committee on Religio~s Work and in than enough to do to keep going, and North Africa reduction of the work the will to self-sacrifice on behalf of among Moslems. In Europe, the most others in need tortures them all. drastic cuts will be made. In Germany, appropriations to conferences will be

Should they then refuse to receive and church affairs are regulated ac- people for whom they cannot provide cording to a constitution printed in into their Church? Preaching, Sun- Thorn in 1637.

day-schools, youth work, etc., are in Lithuania is a strongly Roman strong activity in the Reformed Catholic country, where the Roman Churches of Czecho-Slovakia, and Catholic Church is being more and there is a rising missionary sense in more powerfully organized. The Cath- the church. They hope soon to have olic Church is striving to control all a place in the Foreign Missionary en- branches of national life, and has suc- terprise. They have also philanthrop- ceeded in this (except in politics) ic works-four orphanages, old folks' during the last four years. There are home, girls' institute, etc.-Mr. Prud- few cases of conversion to the Roman ky, in the Quarterly Register of the Catholic Church, while about a hun- Alliance of Reformed Churches. dred a year come over to the Re- Atheism Taught in Russi.. formed Church from Rome. Among the Catholic populati{)n there is a APOWERFUL drive has been di- strong inclination towards the Gospel, rected against religion by the fac- and the educated Catholics, especially ulty of the anti-religious department in the capital, Kaunas, show much of the Historical-Linguistic Institute sympathy to the Reformed Church- of the Leningrad State university and Pastor Jakabenas, in the Quarterly of the Workers' Atheistic university Register of the Alliance of Reformed in the same city. Professors teach the Churches.

best methods for undermining popular belief in Christ and Christmas. The AFRIOA students disperse to their homes in Barber Shop Missions A various parts of Russia and use the N EVANGELIST in Egypt writes, occasion for an active educational cam- in The Moslem World, of his ex- paign against the Christmas idea. periences distributing the Bible in They try to show that the Christmas Cairo. He usualy meets a good re- legend is founded upon a myth, and ception in barber shops, where people that the Christmas idea is supersti- sit waiting. Even if the barber does tion which should be eradicated from not read himself, he often buys a copy the popular mind. This scientific ex- and leaves it f.or his customers.

planation is said to be based largely In one such shop, which was actual- upon the book of Arthur Drews, "The ly more like a club, the hairdresser Christus Myth," which appeared in produced a well-worn copy of St.

Germany some twenty or more years Luke's Gospel. It was a favorite prac- ago.-George M. Day. tice in that shop, he said, for one man Protestants in Lithuania to read aloud a story from the Gospel to the rest of the group. A shiekh THE Reformed Church of Lithu- who came to get his hair cut had told ania, which in the sixteenth cen- them they were infidels and tried to tury was a flourishing Church em- stop them, but they continued. Here bracing the whole Lithuanian nation, waa a Bible class, regularly held by is now only a small remnant of what men, who were all Moslems, in a it was. It numbers about 13,000 souls, strong Moslem district where there and is divided into 6 congregations, was no resident missionary.

of from 4,500 to 500 members, and four mission stations. Three of the Bible in Abyssinia T targer congregations are situated close HE new Emperor of Abyssinia is a warm friend of the Bible Society, together; all the others are scattered. The Church was founded under the and has printed St. John's Gospel in direct influence of Calvin, whose spirit two languages-Amharic and GaIla- is "still alive in it. Congregational life on his own private press, not to make

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK Jll3

money, but to help the Society in dis- There is force in the statement of tributing the Scriptures. Mr. T. P. the woman missionary who submitted Beaven; the Society's agent in Abys- the answers of the black boy, that the sinia, states that, on the morning he time may yet come when Africa will called at the palace by appointment at have to send Sunday-school teachers 7 o'clock, he found that the Emperor to teach the youth of America.

had been at work since 6 o'clock. In course of conversation the Emperor Slavery in Liberia T expressed his keen interest in the work HE International Commi,ssion of Inquiry, reporting at Geneva in of the Society, and his delight to be associated with it.-The Ch'l'istian. January, reveals a condition in Liberia scarcely distinguishable from slavery.

Will Africa Evangelize America1 It appears that Vice-President T HE Moody Monthly gives an inter- Yancey, with relatives of President esting comparison of the answers King, was connected with a syndicate given by a modern American boy and which raided villages and with beata native African boy to Bible ques- ing and torture, recruited laborers to tions. The black boy was employed as be shipped to the cocoa plantations of cook to a missionary and had only the Spanish colony of Fernando Po. been six years converted from hea- For each laborer recruited the syndithenism; the. other was a high school cate got' $45 with a bonus of $5,000 boy who had attended Sunday-school for 1,500 laborers. The workers found for ten years in the United States. themselves in virtual slavery, and Here are the questions and answers. rarely were allowed to return home. The "I" represents the answers of the Another common practice discov- American boy; the "2" those of the ered in Liberia was the pawning of individuals-usually children-in re- African boy. turn for a payment of money, the When was the Bible written? pawned persons becoming domestic 1. "After the birth of Cbrist." ,slaves. 2. "Part before and part after Christ. The United States is involved in God told Moses to write the laws and this situation, not only because of its put them in the ark." historic relations with Liberia, but also because the financial control of By whom was the Bible written? the country is in American hands. 1. "Paul." "The twelve apostles." 2. "Good men of long ago chosen by the Holy Spirit."

Who delivered Israel from Egyptian Secretary of State Stimson has sent bondage? several letters to the Liberian Gov- ernment demanding that this slavery 1. "David." be wiped out and that guilty officials 2. HMo~es and Aaron."

How long did Israel wander in the wil- derness? be dismissed. He has secured prom- 1. "Ten years." "Two years." ises of reforms, but these have been 2. "Forty." so qualified that it is doubtful whether Name one Old Testament Prophet. fundamental changes will be made un- 1. "Leviticus." "John the Baptist." 2. "Isaiah." Who was the greatest missionary of all less much greater pressure is exerted on Liberia. time? 1. "David Livingstone." The Firestone Rubber Company is 2. "Paul." said to be involved in the use of forced How are we saved? labor recruited by the government. 1. "By joining the church." "By becoming a member of some house of God." 2. "By faith and acceptance of the Jubilee in Angola blood of Christ shed for us." THE year 1930 marked the 50th an- What is meant by the Christian's hope? niversary of American Board work in Angola. The Jubilee celebration 1. "Everyone can be saved." "The wa·s made the occasion for contrasting hope of being saved." "To live a clean conditions then and now-all except life."

2. "Christ's coming."

the dirt, for missionaries refused to modern scientific methods. Kemal revive that memory. Development of Pasha has ordered that large loud- schools was portrayed-first the evan- speakers be placed on all minarets gelist in a heathen village, then a through the whole of Turkey, connect- school where a Dondi graduate taught ed on to a' central transmission station from a chart hung on a tree. Lights from which the muezzins will broad- were turned on a carpenter shop. As cast their musical cries at regular each department appeared out of the hours. This would do away with the darkness one saw what Dondi School old custom and, if it proves to be true, had done for its hundreds of pupils, would make it possible to hear the call -blacksmithing, tailoring, ,shoemak- all over the country at the same time. ing, building, typing, agriculture, or- gan playing, printing and medicine. Turkey Forward Looking Means School had a similar display. NEW ideas are gaining a hold in Pounding rocks are shown where Turkey. Formerly autocratic dic- women come to pound their corn into tatorship and military force directed meal and to gossip. A Dondi girl, who the country. Today education is being has come with her Dondi graduate emphasized in place of physical force husband to begin work in the village, and Turkey is urged to learn from joins the pounding group and tells Protestant Christian lands. The Mil– them about her school. As she names liyet (Constantinople) says in its is- each kind of work it appears olit of sue of January 7, 1,931: the darkness behind. A symbolic scene follows, Dondi girls lighting their Everybody knows that it is the British lamps at the lamps of faith and knowl- education that sustains the British Em- edge and going out to light others. pire. All supremacies on the earth be- An enormous alabaster cross shone long to the northern nations. The forth, and from the darkness came creative power is seen only in the north- marching boys and girls from both ern energy, not only in their own en- schools singing, as they climbed, "Be- vironments but in foreign environments neath the cross of Jesus I fain would also. take my stand," until all had gathered about the foot of the symbol. The Look at North America. There you climax came in the place where hea- will see a single republic formed by the then women of countless generations northern peoples, whereas South Amer- had wailed their dead in hopeless de- ica is divided into thousands of pieces. , spair, all sang the Hallelujah Chorus Go through Europe from north to south, from the Me,ssiah. All this in fifty and you will see that it is foolishness for years.-S. S. Times. Turkey to enter the Western civilization by the southern gate instead of the Ras Tafari's Gift to Bible Society northern …

RAS TAFARI, recently crowned em- It is pitiful to see in a country like peror of Ethiopia, made a gift of Turkey, which is in such need of culti- $500 and a gold medal to the British vation, almost all educated persons seek- and Foreign Bible Society as an ex- ing the bread of the government because pression of his appreciation of the they cannot find other employment. The work done in his kingdom. Great War and the armistice have left deep traces on our character. We have WESTERN ASIA no patience, and a struggle of five or ten years in life seems to us too long and Muezzins Loudspeakers troublesome. As soon as we finish our education we look for government sal- ACCORDING to the Dutch journal ary. In the school our minds are opened. the Gelderlander, the age old cus- Our p'ower of observation is developed. tom of the call of the muezzins to But we do not learn to sweat. No nation prayer in Turkey, is to give way to can be led into the path of civilization in this way. We need other ways and methods.

New Education ill Turkey THE MinIster of Education has given the following items with re- gard to the schools in Turkey;

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

This year the pupils in the pri- The inhabitants of the desert are nomary schools are over 550,000. In mad sections of the Al Kahir and Al towns and villages 110 new schools Murra tribes who live chiefly on have been built, and 250 new school camels' milk. rooms have been opened. There are 13,700 teachers in these primary The Christian mission stations nearschools, half of whom are graduates est to this part of Arabia are Muscat, of normal schools. in Oman, and Bahrein on the Per·sian Gulf, both occupied by missionaries of There are now 1,624 reading rooms the Reformed Church in America. in the country, for which local governments are buying books and maga- The Go"pel in Per"ia. zines. The Ministry of Education has bought 60,000 books, costing 11,500 WHEN Dr. Carr and Dr. Stuart liras, for these reading rooms. went to Shiraz, Persia, seven years ago to reopen the C. M. S. sta- Visiting teachers have been appoint- tion after it had been closed for some ed for the villages which have no years, they found not a single Chrisschools. We have also arranged for tian left. Today, there are forty-five, movable libraries for the benefit of 17 being converts from Islam. the teachers. Bishop Linton recently spent a week Eight hundred new students have in Shiraz, and describes a visit to a been admitted to the normal school mountain village, 30 miles away. "Forthis year. merly, preaching and medical work were carried on amid uproar and tu- Last year 622 pupils were gradu- mult, and with a good deal of personal ated from the Lycees, and 3,559 from risk. One night they had a meeting the secondary schools. for converts and inquirers after the general lantern meeting, lasting till A specialist has been called from after midnight, and at 1 a. m., three Germany to reorganize our technical converts were' baptized bringing the schools. For the Industrial School 12 number of Christians in the village to teacher·s will come from Austria.- five. Very different are conditions Translated from Politika. now. When our car arrived at the foot of the hill a stream of people Over the Arabian Desert came out to meet us. We made our way to the house of one of the' con- ABRITISH explorer, B e r t ram verts and had hardly got seated when Thomas, crossed the desert of a number of men, Moslems and Ba- Southeastern Arabia in January and hais, came in and began to ply us with February. The traveler wore Arab cos- questions. . . . Before we left two tume but otherwise was undisguised. men who were listening confessed His journey was from Dhofar in Had- Christ and asked to be prepared for rumaut on the Arabia Sea, northward baptism. At six o'clock in the mornthrough the sandy desert of Ruba-el- ing, before the rest of the vHlage was khaIi to Dohah, near Bahrein, on the about, three men and one woman were Persian Gulf. Mr. Thomas, who is confirmed, claiming the power and fulthe first European to cross the desert, ness of the Holy Spirit."-The Christraveled by camel 900 miles in fifty- tian. eight days, halting thirteen days en route. Thirteen of the thirty Arabs MISCELLANEOUS who started on the journey carried on to the end. They pas.sed through hos- More Recruits Needed tile Arab tribes, through the frankincense country of the Bible, over the THE Secretary of the Student Vol- Oara Mountains 3000 feet high, over unteer Movement tells us that the 100 miles of waterless desert, discov- peak years of student interest in ering a large salt lake, passing near missions were 1920 and 1921. As a the site of "Ubar, the buried legend- result, 1,731 new missionaries went ary city of the prehistoric Addites."

out from the United States and Can- This is said by President Buswell ada in 1920, and 1,620 in 1921. Since to be the most significant spiritual then there has been a decline to 558 movement ever started on the Wheaton in 1927. During the same period the campus. It is something new to find number of Student Volunteers de- from twenty-five to seventy-five stucreased from 2,783 to 388! During dents putting Gospels into circulathis period mISSIOnary emphasis tion at football games, after earnest dropped out of many Student Chris- prayer. As the result of an appeal in tian Association programs on local chapel, cash and pledges totaling more campuses, and in week-end and sum- than $600 were received from the stumer conferences. Recently there has dents and faculty. been a slight recovery, 667 new missionaries having been sent out in 1928. These students now plan to carry Yet this is below the replacement level on the work in shops, prisons, homes, by more than 300. and schools, especially among thou- sands of fellow students attending col- The Gospel and Football leges and universities where the Bible is not honored. Other Christian ,AST autumn some students of schools, too, may share the responsi- LWheaton College, Illinois, formed bility of helping the great mass of a prayer group that met each morning less fortunate college students. from six to 'seven for Bible study and prayer. One of the older students had Hymn Translations a vision of the lost multitudes outside of church influence swarming the fields T HE Lutheran Church Herald pubof great football games and "he was lishes a list of hymns which have moved with compassion." As a result been translated from English into of this vision and of the prayer group, other languages. Following are those a number of students started out to which have been translated into fifty give the Gospel to the football crowds. or more languages. It is interesting At one high school game in Chicago, to note that the majorHy contain the they distributed nearly two thousand Gospel message. The list includes the Gospels of John. During the ensuing number of languages into which each five weeks over thirty-five thousand hymn has been translated. Gospels were distributed, covering the more important high- school games and Hymns Languages several college games within a radius of thirty mile·s of Wheaton. Each Sat- A Mighty Fortress Is Our God .. 171 urday fifty students and several fac- Rock of Ages …………….. 130 ulty members set out in cars heavily Just As I Am …………….. 106 laden with Gospels which were given Ade,ste FideIis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 to the crowds either as they entered Nearer, My God, to Thee ……. 101 or as they left the fields. Jesus, Still Lead On ……….. 93 Each Gospel has been enclosed in a Holy, Holy, Holy ………….. 81 blue envelope resembling a bank book, on which the great football coach of a Sacred Head Now Wounded .. 80 the University of Chicago, Alonzo Stagg, has written, "This little book Jesus, Lover of My Soul …….. 78 will help us all to win in the game of life." Guide Me, a Thou Great Jehovah 75 A detachable flyleaf pasted in the All Hail the Power ………… 65 Gospels invited the reader to send for Abide with Me ……………. 66 another Scripture portion. Many slips Hark, the Herald Angels Sing … 64 were returned and the follow-up com- What a Friend We Have in Jesus 70 mittee improved every contact. I Heard the Voice of Jesus Say .. 62 Jesus Shall Reign …………. 51 Sun of My Soul ……………. 50 VVhen I Survey the VVondrous Cross ………………….. 50 Lead, Kindly Light ………… 50 -Alliance Weekly.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by U8 on 'receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Morals of Tomorrow. By Ralph W. strength from the Word of God. Each Sockman. 331 pp. $2.50. Harpers. month has a blank page on which to New York. record anniversaries. The pastor of the Madison Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church of New Amazon and Andes. By Kenneth G. York is one of the brilliant preachers Grubb. 308 pp. $5.00. Dial Press, of the younger generation. He is a New York. 1931.

popular speaker before college stu- This deeply interesting and beauti- dents, and his magazine articles and ful volume of missionary experiences books have attracted wide notice. In in comparatively little known parts of this volume he discusses urgent ques- South America, is a book of pioneer tions of present-day morals, the forces travel and -stirring adventure. It that are guiding them, the direction in abounds in fine descriptions of scenery which they aye moving, and the oppor- and of primitive peoples, few of whom tunity and duty of the Church in deal- had ever heard of the Gospel of ing with them. It is a practical and Christ. It manifests keen observation wholesome discussion, clear, able, well and warm sympathy with untutored abreast of modern thought, and in- human nature. The author journeyed cludes a bibliography of recent books from the lower Amazon southwest- and periodicals dealing with the sub- ward, clear across the continent to iect. A. J. B. Bolivia and the Pacific Ocean, then northward, by sea and by land to Living with the Bible. Arranged and Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Vene- edited by Mary Schauffier Platt. 16 mo. 365 pp. $1.00. M. H. Leavis, zuela. A map of the wanderings, and Box 4. North Cambridge, Mass. 1930. many exceptionally fine illustrations, Our greatest need today, in the face lend charm aJJd vividness to the deof many needs, is for spiritual inspiration and nourishment. Many scription of the country and people. Christians feel this need, but do not know how to feed themselves. They The volume is a notable addition to the growing literature on South America and the urgent importance of e~angelizing it. A. J. B.

are at a loss for -some simple method Evolution. C. F. Hogg. Pickering and for daily devotional Bible reading. Inglis. 3d.

Mrs. Platt, who was for some years a This pamphlet of 32 pages, dealing missionary in Persia, and who is the with the subject of Evolution from author of several stimulating and in- the Christian standpoint, is a recent spirational missionary books, has pre- addition to the growing literature on pared the.se daily Bible readings from this much discussed theme. It con- the Old and New Testament, but tains within this small compass a sur- majoring on the life of Christ. Many prising amount and variety of inter- will welcome these careful selections esting and instructive material, the as a guide to personal devotions and winnowed result of extended philo- for family worship. They require sophical and scientific readings. It only two minutes each, but enable one is one of the most useful discussions to start the day with light and on this theme in brief form we have 317

seen and a valuable addition to tract Miss Lorenzana was educated in the literature. H. R. M. public schools and the Union Theo- logical Seminary in Manila. She ha-s The New Handbook of the Churches. been active in Sunday-school work, was the only woman among the seven Edited by Charles Stehle. 305 .pp. Filipino delegates to the World's $1.50. Federal Council of Churches, Sunday-school Convention in Los New York. Angeles in 1928, took postgraduate work at the Northwestern University Many who speak on what the church in Evanston and Boston University, is doing in America are long on opin- and was one of the representatives of ions and short on facts. Here is a the Philippines in the International book of up-to-date facts concerning Convention on Religious Education in the various Evangelical Christians Toronto in 1930. and other religious church bodies in America. The general articles are of Such authors -should have prompt real value for they include statements and sympathetic reading in America. by Dr. S. Parkes Cadman, Bishop Their book is an admirable presenta- Francis J. McConnell, Dr. S. M. tion of conditions in the Philippine Cavert, Dr. Wm. R. King and fourteen Islands from the Christian viewpoint. other church leaders. They have written on Church Union, the Church A.J. B. and the State, the Community Church, Home Mission Outlook, Immigrants, Rural and Race Problems, World-Wide Akbar Ashram or Hindu-Moslem Unity. Mission Progress, etc. There follows If Truth at Last Be Told.

the directory of religious bodies (very These two attractively printed tracts useful for reference), religious sta- from Karachi, India, are strikingly tistics of all churches, and a bibliog- indicative of the new spirit which is raphy of the Federal Council. Every abroad.

editor and church leader will find the A small number of well educated volume invaluable and others will find Hindus and Mohammedans in Karachi here much interesting and helpful in- hav!! become alarmed at the great information. crease of bad feeling between Hindus Evangelical Christianity in the Philip- and Mohammedans throughout India, and wish to create avenues by means pines. By Camilo Osias and Avelina of which the more liberal spirits on Lorenzana. 240 pages. $1.50. United both sides may get together on a Brethren Publishing House, Dayton, common platform. The claim is made Ohio.

It is an encouraging feature of the that Krishna, Rama, Buddha, Christ development of Christian churches in and Mohammed all taught the same the mis-sion field that native leaders essential truths of love for God and are writing books and articles which devoted service to mankind. It is are influencing their fellow Christians interesting to see that these truths are and are helping people in the home the basic teaching of the New Testa- churches to a better understanding of ment.

the religious situation abroad. Mr. Akbar, the greatest Moslem Em- Osias came to America to complete his peror of India, attempted to weld Hin- education, was graduated from Co- dus and Moslems together by pro- lumbia University, and then returned moting inter-communal marz:jages, by to the Philippines where he became placing capable Hindus in the highest president of the National University posts and rewarding merit wherever with over 6,000 students, a member of found-in short, by a policy of ex- the Philippine Senate and then a resi- treme tolerance and a creed of great dent commis-sioner at Washington. elasticity. His attempt soon ran He has become internationally known against the hard facts of human na- as an educator, statesman and author. ture and left hardly a trace behind.

BOOKS WORTH READING

His spirit is, if possible, to be revived Buddhism." In this lighter volume he in members of the Akbar Ashram. deals with present-day substitutes for These tracts ,speak plainly of the dualistic philosophy. In a series of decay of morals, of the sad lack of delightful imaginary dialogues be- the vitality of the old religions and tween Socrates, Dr. Idealist, Dr. Beof the appalling need of India for a haviorist, Prof. Pragmatist, and new dynamic. The general spirit of others, he submits their opinions to the tracts reveals a burning desire for the keen test of question and an- truth and a wish to follow it even at swer, with the result that they are great personal sacrifice. Surely India shown to be incapable of offering is out on a new quest. any adequate substitute for the more The second tract attacks without ,spiritual doctrine which they seek gloves, (1) the religious cant, hypoc- to displace by monistic philosophy.

risy and greed rampant in the land; The aim of the book is essentially the sloth, impurity and formalism; serious, but the spirit of good humor (2) the purdah system; (3) the does not hinder the author from being entire institution of caste; (4) the brutally frank in exposing the fallacies joint family system; and (5) it advo- of some contemporary schools. Here cates marriage by choice on a basis is an example: of earned livelihood by both men and "Socrates: 'And what is emotion?

women, with the ,strict limitation of What is love, aspiration, the appreci- issue. ation of beauty?'"

The tracts give no evidence of pro- "Dr. Behaviorist: 'Just the behavfound thinking, or of any agony of ior of the gut. Or, if you object to soul, or of any great personal sacrifice plain talk, you may call emotion, visas yet made, and therefore are not of ceral reverberation. That's all any permanent significance. They are emotion is.' " signs of future movements of a pro- Only those who have studied modern founder nature. . Such tracts, how- philosophical theories will appreciate ever, create in the mind and heart the keen, thrusts in this first chapter. of the writer a profund disquietude The second describes Mr. Layman's regarding the present state of mind Adventures in the New Theology, also and heart of the Christian Church in in dialogue form. Three shorter chap- America. We have not begun to ex- ters follow, in one of which we have a plore the unsearchable riches which di,scussion on missions held in a Chiare in Christ. Our petty denomina- nese temple, by a monk, a missionary, tional differences, the large expend- and a promoter. The brief final iture on church conferenecs and as- chapter is a translation of a long-lost semblies, with so little accomplished; Buddhist Pali Sutta which, if authenour niggardly gifts in the great causes tic, would seem to indicate that the and our self-complacency should keep present Buddhist canon "gives a far us humble in the face of those who too monkish picture of the teaching of differ from us. the Founder." S. M. Z.

Christ is sufficient for the ills both of India and America-but His Word "So Send I You." A Series of Missionary Studies by Oswald Chambers. 176 pp. must live within us. E. D. L. Simpkin Marshall, Ltd. London.

Adventures in Philosophy and Religion. The author has opened to us his By James Bissett Pratt. 263 pp. own deep experience of the Bible and Price, $2.00. Macmillan. New York. God's own Spirit in this timely and almost startling call to unqualified The author, professor of philosophy personal devotion to Jesus Christ. at Williams and vice-president of the Mr. Chambers fir,st describes God's American Philosophical Association, voice which the soul can hear only is well-known in mission circles from when it is attuned to Him. Then folbis recent book "The Pilgrimage of

lows a searching scrutiny of insidious Directory of Protestant Missions in China, mistakes that prevent full allegiance 1930. Edited by Chas. L. Boynton for to Christ with a positive exposition of the National Christian Council.' 8 vo. what this fellowship means. "The 217 pp. 14 Peking Road, Shanghai. reason we do not make disciples is that 1930. we are not disciples ourselve·s, we are out for our own ends." The magnitude but not the vitality of the missionary enterprise in China The second half of the book carries is revealed in this small but very usethis same rigid analysis into the or- ful volume. They have listed the 200 ganized missiona y enterprise with societies and officers, the thousand 01" the same stirring reiteration that un- mo e m:ssion stations ge~grJ.phb"l'y deviating obedience to God is the only arranged, the names and addresses of effedive purpose and method. 6,000 missionaries and information as to interdenominational and national Missionary enterprise on the line of committees and organizations. A sumeducation and healing and social amelio- mary of missionary statistics would be ration is magnificent, but it is secondary a valuable addition to the Directory. and the danger is to give it the first place. The temptation is more subtle O.tasien Jahrbuch, 1931 is the tenth today than ever it has been, ~ecause the annual Yearbook of the Ostasien Miscountries of the world are bemg opened sion (Allgemeiner Ev.-Protestantup as never before … it is putting men's ischer missionsverein). Dr. Devarneeds first, and that is the very heart anne edits this Yearbook which is deand kernel of the temptation Satan voted to the work of the society which brought to our Lord. Our Lord's first it represents. It contains very useful obedience was not to the needs of men, articles by different contributor·s. but to the will of His Father . . . The introduction of civilization, without the IPLAYS and II emphasis on living the life hid with Christ in God,. tends to increase the power of evil because it covers it with a veil of refinement.

One wishes the tenderness under- lying it all might have been more HANDWORK fully expressed and also that the Of special value for use in expanded sessions,week day orvacation schools, phraseology were such as to appeal to or in regular Sunday sessions.

a wider group of students and modern readers. M. W. H. H.

The Japan Mission Year Book. Edited by PLAYS Paul S. Mayer. 8 vo. 391 pp. Kyo Bun Kwan, Ginsa, Tokyo. 1930. HIS BOOK, a story of the Biblein Mexico. 10 cents. AMELIDA. work of a Sunday .school missionary Thirty authors lend the weight of their study and experience to this among immig-rants. ~~ eellts. valuable annual. Japan is a land of PEPITA'S ADVENTURE IN FRIENDSHIP. the influence of a mission in the lives of Mexicans in the U. S. 21 cents.

'Vrite for free list of other plays.

intricate problems and vast possibili- HANDWORK ties. The general survey here presented gives us an insight into these Home cut outs: JRoanese. African. Chinese9 Alaska Eskimo. 25 cents each.

problems–economic, educational, so- PICTURE MAPS cial, political and religious. Mr. Ka- Lar/!:,e decorative maps (S'lx50 inches) in bold outgawa writes of the Labor Movement line to be colored, wittI a sheet of twenty or and Dr. Axling of the Kindom of God more pi(·turt!s to be cut ont, eolared and pasted Campaign. Formosa is in the Direc- on the map. llaps are now ready for the foltory and surveys but Korea now pub- lowing ('ouDides: lishes a separate Year Book. The reports are encouraging and are worth Africa. Caribbean Islands. Philippine Islands, North reading. The statistics and directory Americ-a. India, Latin America, The World. 50 cents each.

FRIENDSHJP PRESS 150 Fifth Ave., New York make it of added value for reference.

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